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Lu L, Chen Y. Association Between Suboptimal Health Status and Health-Related Productivity Loss in Primary Healthcare Workers in China: a Cross-Sectional Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1349-1359. [PMID: 38803623 PMCID: PMC11129702 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s456058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to clarify the association between suboptimal health status and health-related productivity loss among primary healthcare workers in China. Material and Methods A field questionnaire survey was conducted with a multistage sampling among primary healthcare workers. The data on sub-health and health-related productivity loss were collected using the Sub-health Measurement Scale Version 1.0 and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health, respectively. Ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the association of the suboptimal health and health-related productivity loss. Subgroup analyses were performed by occupation (physician and nurse). Results Front-line primary healthcare workers (N = 1709) from 31 provinces in China responded to the survey. Of all participants, 73.43% experienced suboptimal health. The status of being in physical suboptimal health (Coef. = 0.050, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.031,0.070]) and mental suboptimal health (Coef. = 0.040, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.020,0.059]) status exerted significant effect on the extent of health-related productivity loss among primary healthcare workers in China. Nurses in social adaptation suboptimal health status (Coef. = 0.030, p = 0.027, 95% CI = [0.003,0.057]) had significant effect on health-related productivity loss. Conclusion The prevalence of suboptimal health is high among the respondents. Providing support for primary healthcare workers from bio-psycho-social aspects is an effective measure to promote their occupational health and improve their productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Hervieux V, Biron C, Dima J. Investigating Associations Between Physical Activity and Presenteeism - A Scoping Review. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:1147-1161. [PMID: 37542375 PMCID: PMC10631278 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231193781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to scope the literature on what is currently known between physical activity and presenteeism. DATA SOURCE A search strategy was conducting in six scientific databases. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Studies written in English about the relation between physical activity and presenteeism were considered for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION Data on definitions and measurement of presenteeism and physical activity were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS The data is categorized according to the understanding of presenteeism of the studies to give a better idea of how this phenomenon is studied in relation to physical activity. RESULTS After screening 9773 titles and abstracts and 269 full-text articles, 57 unique articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles were published since 2010 and originated predominantly in the United States. Most studies (70%) define presenteeism as lost productivity due to health problems, according to the American line of research, whereas 19% of the studies define it as "working while ill" which refers to the European line of research. The studies that reflected the American school of thought tends to report more results that supported their hypothesis (i.e., that more physical activity is associated with less presenteeism). CONCLUSION This review has highlighted the homogeneity in how presenteeism is conceptualized and measured in studies included in our sample. Research on physical activity and presenteeism should be expanded across various disciplines in social sciences to respond to the needs that many researchers have expressed to promote healthier organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Hervieux
- Département de Management, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d’expertise en gestion de la santé organisationnelle et sécurité du travail, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Biron
- Département de Management, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d’expertise en gestion de la santé organisationnelle et sécurité du travail, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Dima
- Département HEG, HES-SO, Haute école d’ingénierie et de gestion du canton de Vaud, Suisse
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Landovská P, Karbanová M. Social costs of obesity in the Czech Republic. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:1321-1341. [PMID: 36449132 PMCID: PMC9709763 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of obesity (BMI > 30) is a pressing public health issue in the Czech Republic as well as world-wide, affecting up to 2.1 billion people. Increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity in adults and children generates large social costs. The main aim of this study is to estimate both direct and indirect costs of obesity in the Czech Republic. Social costs of obesity are estimated using the cost-of-illness approach. Direct costs (healthcare utilization costs and costs of pharmacotherapy of 20 comorbidities) are estimated using the top-down approach, while indirect costs (absenteeism, presenteeism and premature mortality) are estimated using the human capital approach. In aggregate, the annual costs attributable to obesity in the Czech Republic in 2018 were 40.8 bn CZK (1.6 bn EUR, 0.8% GDP). Direct costs were 14.5 bn CZK (0.6 bn EUR) and accounted for 3.4% of Czech healthcare expenditures. The highest healthcare utilization costs were attributable to type II diabetes (20.6%), ischemic heart disease (18.8%) and osteoarthritis (16.7%). The largest indirect costs were attributable to premature mortality (10 bn CZK/0.39 bn EUR), absenteeism (9.2 bn CZK/0.36 bn EUR) and presenteeism (7.1 bn CZK/0.27 bn EUR). This article demonstrates that obesity is a serious problem with considerable costs. Several preventive interventions should be applied in order to decrease the prevalence of obesity and achieve cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Landovská
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Opletalova 26, 110 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Karbanová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Inoue K, Kondo N, Sato K, Fukuma S. Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Income Among Japanese Adults Aged 30-49 Years From 2017 to 2020: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:185-192. [PMID: 36627023 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Income is a major social determinant of cardiovascular health. However, individual-level evidence regarding the trends in cardiovascular risk factors by income level among young working-age adults is limited. We thus aimed to examine the trends in cardiovascular risk factors among men and women aged 30-49 years by their income levels. METHODS This nationwide longitudinal study included Japanese adults aged 30-49 years, who annually participated in the national health screening program from 2017 to 2020. Modified Poisson regression models were used to investigate trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) according to tertiles of individuals' annual income, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 58 814 adults, 50 024 (85%) were men; the mean (SD) age was 42.1 (5.4) years. Over the study period, the low-income group consistently showed a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes than the high-income group. The difference in the prevalence of these diseases, particularly hypertension, across income groups increased from 2017 to 2020 among both men (low-income vs high-income: +5.73% [95% CI, 4.72-6.73] in 2017 and +8.26% [95% CI, 7.11-9.41] in 2020) and women (low-income vs high-income: +2.53% [95% CI, 0.99-4.06] in 2017 and +3.83% [95% CI, 1.93-5.73] in 2020). CONCLUSION Among adults aged 30-49 years in Japan, a country with a universal healthcare coverage system, we found an increase in the gap of cardiovascular risk factors by income levels over the last 4 years. Careful monitoring of the increasing social disparities is needed to achieve cardiovascular health equity at this life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Tavares RDSCR, Silva LF, Muniz Júnior J. Presenteeism and noise perception at work: a cross-sectional study using association analysis. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 141:36-44. [PMID: 36043671 PMCID: PMC9808988 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0792.r2.07042022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenteeism refers to the presence of a worker at work with reduced performance due to illness, and it is a common public health problem. Exposure to noise during production processes brings risk to workers' health. OBJECTIVE To analyze the health profile of workers in the automotive industry and identify the association between noise perception and presenteeism among workers in the Brazilian automotive industry. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cross-sectional study utilizing a case study design analyzing the automotive industry in the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. METHODS This study included 306 workers using the Presenteeism Work Limitations Questionnaire protocol. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS Male workers with reports of headache, tension, and limited well-being at work, having perceived that noise exposure interferes with productivity, showed a positive association with the occurrence of presenteeism. Physical demand had the highest score in terms of interfering with the presenteeism index. CONCLUSION Workers' perceptions of noise were associated with presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Felipe Silva
- PhD. Lecturer, Natural Resources Institute (Department), Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá (MG), Brazil
| | - Jorge Muniz Júnior
- PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
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Akhtar S, Mohanty SK, Singh RR, Sen S. Chronic diseases and productivity loss among middle-aged and elderly in India. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2356. [PMID: 36522623 PMCID: PMC9756765 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic diseases are growing in India and largely affecting the middle-aged and elderly population; many of them are in working age. Though a large number of studies estimated the out-of-pocket payment and financial catastrophe due to this condition, there are no nationally representative studies on productivity loss due to health problems. This paper examined the pattern and prevalence of productivity loss, due to chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly in India. METHODS We have used a total of 72,250 respondents from the first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), conducted in 2017-18. We have used two dependent variables, limiting paid work and ever stopped work due to ill health. We have estimated the age-sex adjusted prevalence of ever stopped working due to ill health and limiting paid work across MPCE quintile and socio- demographic characteristics. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and logistic regression was used to examine the effect of chronic diseases on both these variables. FINDINGS We estimated that among middle aged adults in 45-64 years, 3,213 individuals accounting to 6.9% (95%CI:6.46-7.24) had ever-stopped work and 6,300 individuals accounting to 22.7% (95% CI: 21.49-23.95) had limiting paid work in India. The proportion of ever-stopped and limiting work due to health problem increased significantly with age and the number of chronic diseases. Limiting paid work is higher among females (25.1%), and in urban areas (24%) whereas ever-stopped is lower among female (5.7%) (95% CI:5.16-6.25 ) and in urban areas (4.9%) (95% CI: 4.20-5.69). The study also found that stroke (21.1%) and neurological or psychiatric problems (18%) were significantly associated with both ever stopped work and limiting paid work. PSM model shows that, those with chronic diseases are 4% and 11% more likely to stop and limit their work respectively. Regression model reveals that more than one chronic conditions had a consistent and significant positive impact on stopping work for over a year (increasing productivity loss) across all three models. CONCLUSION Individuals having any chronic disease has higher likelihood of ever stopped work and limiting paid work. Promoting awareness, screening and treatment at workplace is recommended to reduce adverse consequences of chronic disease in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamrin Akhtar
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Sanjay K. Mohanty
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan Singh
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Soumendu Sen
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
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7
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Asare BYA, Makate M, Powell D, Kwasnicka D, Robinson S. Cost of Health-Related Work Productivity Loss among Fly-In Fly-Out Mining Workers in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10056. [PMID: 36011689 PMCID: PMC9408090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient knowledge on the work productivity impact of the health of fly-in fly-out (FIFO) workers in the mining sector in Australia is lacking. This study examined the impact of health and lifestyle behaviours on the work productivity of FIFO workers in the mining industry in Australia. FIFO workers completed an online questionnaire on health and work productivity loss measures. Linear regressions were used to model annual work productivity losses through absenteeism, presenteeism and total productivity loss. Workers with a high risk for health conditions were, on average, associated with 3.87% more productivity loss (absenteeism: 1.27% and presenteeism: 2.88%) than those with low risk. Workers who had multiple health risks classified as medium (3-4 health conditions) and high (5 or more health conditions) reported 1.75% and 7.46% more total productivity loss, respectively, than those with fewer multiple health risks (0-2 health conditions). Health conditions were estimated to account for an annual additional productivity cost due to absenteeism of AUD 8.82 million, presenteeism of AUD 14.08 million and a total productivity loss of AUD 20.96 million per 1000 workers. FIFO workers with high health risks experience more absenteeism, presenteeism and overall productivity loss. These measures provide strong economic justifications that could support the need for targeted workplace health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6102, Australia
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Marshall Makate
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Daniel Powell
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Aleksandra Ostrowskiego 30b, 53-238 Wroclaw, Poland
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 333 Exhibition Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6102, Australia
- Deakin Health Economics, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
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8
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MacLeod KE, Ye Z, Donald B, Wang G. A Literature Review of Productivity Loss Associated with Hypertension in the United States. Popul Health Manag 2022; 25:297-308. [PMID: 35119298 PMCID: PMC9536345 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature review of peer-reviewed articles published 2000-2019 was conducted to determine the types and extent of hypertension-associated productivity loss among adults in the United States. All monetary outcomes were standardized to 2019 $ by using the Employment Cost Index. Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Nearly half of the articles (12 articles) presented monetary outcomes of productivity loss. Absenteeism (14 articles) and presenteeism (8 articles) were most frequently assessed. Annual absenteeism was estimated to cost more than $11 billion, nationally controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The annual additional costs per person were estimated at $63 for short-term disability, $72-$330 for absenteeism, and $53-$156 for presenteeism, controlling for participant characteristics; and may be as high as $2362 for absenteeism and presenteeism when considered in combination. The annual additional time loss per person was estimated as 1.3 days for absenteeism, controlling for common hypertension comorbidities, including stroke and diabetes; and 15.6 days for work and home productivity loss combined, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The loss from absenteeism alone might be more than 20% of the total medical expenditure of hypertension. Although the differences in estimation methods and study populations make it challenging to synthesize the costs across the studies, this review provides detailed information on the various types of productivity loss. In addition, the ways in which methods could be standardized for future research are discussed. Accounting for the costs from productivity loss can help public health officials, health insurers, employers, and researchers better understand the economic burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara E. MacLeod
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
- ASRT, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhiqiu Ye
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
| | - Bruce Donald
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
- ASRT, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guijing Wang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
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9
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Obesity and individual performance: the case of eSports. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1518-1526. [PMID: 35585184 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The study considers the problem of the inclusion of people with obesity in the context of the growing role of computer-based work. Negative stereotypes about people with obesity still hold even when they are irrelevant in tasks that require little physical activity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Using data from the realm of competitive video gaming (eSports) and image recognition-based metric of body mass index metric derived from artificial intelligence, we examine the individual performance depending on weight. The sample includes 821 players and 127,533 player performance observations. RESULTS For shorter tasks, individuals with normal weight performed better than individuals with obesity. For longer tasks, however, people with Class III (severe) obesity outperformed all others, and their advantage increased with task duration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on an understanding of how actually body features are related to objective individual performance in a competitive context.
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10
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Bangwal D, Suyal J, Kumar R. Hotel building design, occupants' health and performance in response to COVID 19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2022; 103:103212. [PMID: 35400787 PMCID: PMC8979788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, the employee realized the importance of a healthy workplace. A healthy workplace provides natural protection against respiratory disease and reduces exposure to viruses. Therefore, the current COVID-19 pandemic should be a wake-up call to understand the importance of building design and a dress rehearsal for future challenges because building-based prevention and control measures have become one of the most significant ways of fighting against the epidemic. This study investigates the role of hotel building design in employee health and performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study covered the LEED-certified hotel building in India. The formulated Hypothesis was tested empirically by the structural equation modeling (SEM) for determining the potential of the hotel building design. It was obtained from the study that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the hotel building design of the hospitality industry had a more significant influence on employee performance, followed by employee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bangwal
- School of Business, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy acres, UPES, Kandoli, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Jyotsana Suyal
- UIPS, Uttranchal University, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- School of Business, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy acres, UPES, Kandoli, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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11
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The Prospective Association Between Physical Activity, Insomnia Symptoms and Productivity in an Australian Population-based Cohort. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 64:183-189. [PMID: 34817462 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the joint, prospective associations of physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms and productivity using the 2013 and 2014 Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey panel data. METHODS The association between i) presenteeism (yes/no, n=5864) and ii) absenteeism (sick leave days, n = 4324) and the mutually exclusive groups "active without insomnia", "active with insomnia", "inactive without insomnia" and "inactive with insomnia" was assessed. RESULTS Participants "active with insomnia" or "inactive with insomnia" had greater odds of presenteeism than those "active without insomnia" (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.07-1.85 and OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.14-1.83 respectively). Participants "inactive with insomnia" had a greater incidence of absenteeism than participants "active without insomnia" (IRR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.07-1.54). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest improving physical activity levels and insomnia symptoms concurrently may improve productivity by reducing presenteeism and sick leave.
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12
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van Hees SGM, Carlier BE, Blonk RWB, Oomens S. Understanding work participation among employees with common mental disorders: What works, for whom, under what circumstances and how? A systematic realist review protocol. Work 2021; 69:827-838. [PMID: 34180455 PMCID: PMC8385521 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Work participation among employees with common mental disorders (CMDs) is an increasingly important, yet highly complex phenomenon. Given the call for preventing instead of reacting to negative work outcomes, there is a need to understand how employees with CMDs can continue working. OBJECTIVES: 1) to provide insights in applying a realist approach to the literature review process and 2) to present a way to develop an explanatory framework on work participation, the related causal mechanisms and the interaction with the work context. METHODS: A systematic realist literature review, using stay at work (SAW) and work performance (WP) as outcomes of work participation. This protocol paper explains the rationale, tools and procedures developed and used for identification, selection, appraisal and synthesis of included studies. RESULTS: The review process entailed six steps to develop so called ‘middle range program theories’. Each step followed a systematic, iterative procedure using context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a realist review adds on the understanding to promote work participation, by examining the heterogeneity and complexity of intervention- and observational studies. This paper facilitates other researchers within the field of occupational health by demonstrating ways to develop a framework on work participation using realist synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G M van Hees
- Occupation and health research group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Bouwine E Carlier
- Occupation and health research group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W B Blonk
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shirley Oomens
- Occupation and health research group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc, Department of Primary and Community Care, School of Occupational Health, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Molin F, Paulsson SÅ, Hellman T, Svartengren M. Can the Human Resources Index (HRI) Be Used as a Process Feedback Measurement in a Structured Support Model for Systematic Work Environment Management? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126509. [PMID: 34208784 PMCID: PMC8296489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the level of the human resources index (HRI) measure among Swedish municipal employees, and to investigate the association between human resources index (HRI) and relational justice, short-term recovery, work environment-related production loss, and health-related production loss. A cross-sectional design was used with one sample of municipal employees (n = 6402). The results showed a positive association (r = 0.31) between human resources index (HRI) and relational justice; a positive (r = 0.27) association between HRI and short-term recovery; a negative association between HRI and work environment-related production loss (r = −0.37); and a negative association between HRI and health-related production loss (r = −0.23). The findings implicate that HRI captures important aspects of the work environment such as productivity, relational justice, and short-term recovery. The HRI measure is part of a support model used in workplaces to systematically address work environment-related issues. Monitoring changes in the HRI measure, it is possible to determine whether the measures taken effect production loss, perceived leadership, and short-term recovery in a work group. The support model using HRI may thus be used to complement traditional work environment surveys conducted in Swedish organizations as obliged by legal provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Molin
- IPF, the Institute for Organizational and Leadership Development at Uppsala University, 753 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.Å.P.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Åström Paulsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.Å.P.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Therese Hellman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.Å.P.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.Å.P.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
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Hwang JH, Jung HS. The Effects of Work Characteristics Related to Work-Life Imbalance on Presenteeism among Female Workers in the Health and Social Work Sectors: Mediation Analysis of Psychological and Physical Health Problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126218. [PMID: 34201286 PMCID: PMC8226831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is a multigroup path analysis aiming to create a theoretical model of presenteeism among female workers in the health and social work sectors, assess the mediating effects of mental health problems (sleeping trouble and psychological wellbeing), and physical health problems (fatigue and muscle aches) on the relationship between work characteristics (demands at work and social community at work) and presenteeism, and identify the differences between the effects of variables on those who reported low work-life imbalance and high work-life imbalance. Raw data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) were analyzed. From the total sample of 50,205 people, 2209 women in health and social work were included in the study sample. The results were as follows: the demands at work had a significant and positive indirect effect on presenteeism (B = 0.0023, p < 0.001), mediated by trouble sleeping, fatigue, and muscle aches, in that order. Demands at work were also found to have a significant and negative indirect effect on presenteeism (B = -0.0017, p < 0.001), mediated by psychological wellbeing, fatigue, and muscle aches, in descending order. Social community at work had a significant and negative indirect effect on presenteeism (B = -0.0022, p < 0.001), mediated by trouble sleeping, fatigue, and muscle aches, in that order. Social community at work also had a significant and negative effect on presenteeism, mediated by psychological wellbeing, fatigue, and muscle aches, in descending order (B = -0.0097, p < 0.001). Demands at work did not have a significant effect on psychological wellbeing in the low work-life imbalance group, whereas its effect was significant and positive (β = 0.198, p < 0.001) in the high work-life imbalance group. In conclusion, in the path model of the low work-life imbalance group, demands at work did not influence psychological wellbeing. Therefore, strategies to ameliorate work-life imbalance may be helpful components of interventions to reduce presenteeism.
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15
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Lee EWJ, Zheng H, Aung HH, Seidmann V, Li C, Aroor MR, Lwin MO, Ho SS, Theng YL. Examining Organizational, Cultural, and Individual-Level Factors Related to Workplace Safety and Health: A Systematic Review and Metric Analysis. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:529-539. [PMID: 32146838 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1731913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One major gap in existing health communication research is that few studies have synthesized findings from the literature to map out what are the key factors related to workplace (a) safety awareness, (b) safety risks, (c) health awareness, and (d) health risks. This study bridges the gap by systematically reviewing what these organizational, cultural, and individual-level factors are, and examine the impact of workplace safety and health publications using traditional and alternative metrics in academic and non-academic settings. Through an iterative process of coding, the results revealed six categories of organizational (management commitment, management support, organizational safety communication, safety management systems, physical work environment, and organizational environment), two cultural (interpersonal support and organizational culture), and four individual-level (perception, motivation, attitude, and behavior) factors. In terms of impact, articles that were most impactful in academia (e.g., high citation count) may not necessarily receive the same amount of online attention from the public. Theoretical and practical implications for health communication were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W J Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Han Zheng
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Htet Htet Aung
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Vered Seidmann
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Chen Li
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | | | - May O Lwin
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Shirley S Ho
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Yin-Leng Theng
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
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16
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Burton WN, Schultz A, Edington DW. Health and Wealth: The Importance for Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:407-412. [PMID: 34366738 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people spend years dreaming about their retirement. Unfortunately, today's workers will likely work longer, suffer greater economic uncertainty, and might have poorer health status compared with retirees in previous generations. Preserving good health during the working years is associated with a more consistent employment record, greater financial resources, and reduced risk of disease. Making smart financial decisions as a younger adult also translates to improved finances in retirement. While many people are aware of these relationships, many continue to make poor health choices. Employers and lifestyle medicine professionals can both work to improve financial well-being in retirement. Employers can offer effective worksite financial wellness programs and promote participation in retirement savings programs. Physicians and other health providers can foster healthy behaviors, encourage preventive services compliance, and help adults foster overall financial and health well-being. Adopting a healthy lifestyle as early as possible would increase the likelihood that today's workers will enjoy financial security in retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne N Burton
- University of Illinois School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyssa Schultz
- Global Health Management Research Core, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Kimura K, Nagata T, Ohtani M, Nagata M, Kajiki S, Fujino Y, Mori K. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases risk associated with the incidence of presenteeism and the costs of presenteeism. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12167. [PMID: 32951282 PMCID: PMC7507530 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate a risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for each worker and to determine whether this risk is associated with the incidence and costs of presenteeism, absenteeism, and medical/drug treatments. Methods Established risk equations were used to estimate the 10‐year probability of developing coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke in male workers aged 40‐65 years who were recruited from four pharmaceutical companies in Japan. The incidence of presenteeism was defined as existence of presenteeism for the past a month, and the incidence of absenteeism was defined as existence of sick‐leave for the past three months by a self‐administered questionnaire. Each cost was calculated based on the human capital method. Data on medical/drug treatments were collected from health insurance claims. Results The risks were calculated for 6047 workers. Individuals at moderate and high risk of coronary artery disease had a significantly higher rate of presenteeism and absenteeism than workers at low risk. Workers at moderate and high risk of ischemic stroke also had a significantly higher rate of presenteeism and absenteeism than workers at low risk. Mean costs for absenteeism and medical/drug treatments increased with the risk of developing coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke, while costs for presenteeism did not. Conclusions To prevent the costs of presenteeism, workers not only at high risk but also at low and moderate risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should receive health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kimura
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohtani
- Data Science Center of Occupational Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masako Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Data Science Center of Occupational Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kajiki
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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18
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In Pursuit of Work Performance: Testing the Contribution of Emotional Intelligence and Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155373. [PMID: 32722557 PMCID: PMC7432932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has highlighted the connection between emotional intelligence (EI) and work performance. However, the role of job burnout in this context remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to examine the mediator role of burnout in the relationship between EI and work performance in a multioccupational sample of 1197 Spanish professionals (58.6% women). The participants completed the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. As expected, the results demonstrated a positive relationship between EI and performance, and a negative relationship with burnout, which has a mediator effect in the relationship between EI and work performance. Professionals with high levels of IE and low burnout reported the highest performance. Multiple mediation analyses showed that employees' EI was indirectly connected to work performance via professional efficacy and exhaustion, even when controlling the effects of sociodemographic variables. The same pattern was found when multiple mediations were conducted for each EI dimension. These findings demonstrate the importance of burnout in understanding work performance and emphasize the role of EI as a protective variable which can prevent the development or chronic progression of workers' burnout.
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19
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Hung TM, Shepard DS, Bettis AA, Nguyen HA, McBride A, Clapham HE, Turner HC. Productivity costs from a dengue episode in Asia: a systematic literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:393. [PMID: 32493234 PMCID: PMC7268537 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection which has been estimated to cause a global economic burden of US$8.9 billion per year. 40% of this estimate was due to what are known as productivity costs (the costs associated with productivity loss from both paid and unpaid work that results from illness, treatment or premature death). Although productivity costs account for a significant proportion of the estimated economic burden of dengue, the methods used to calculate them are often very variable within health economic studies. The aim of this review was to systematically examine the current estimates of the productivity costs associated with dengue episodes in Asia and to increase awareness surrounding how productivity costs are estimated. Method We searched PubMed and Web of Knowledge without date and language restrictions using terms related to dengue and cost and economics burden. The titles and abstracts of publications related to Asia were screened to identify relevant studies. The reported productivity losses and costs of non-fatal and fatal dengue episodes were then described and compared. Costs were adjusted for inflation to 2017 prices. Results We reviewed 33 relevant articles, of which 20 studies reported the productivity losses, and 31 studies reported productivity costs. The productivity costs varied between US$6.7–1445.9 and US$3.8–1332 for hospitalized and outpatient non-fatal episodes, respectively. The productivity cost associated with fatal dengue episodes varied between US$12,035-1,453,237. A large degree of this variation was due to the range of different countries being investigated and their corresponding economic status. However, estimates for a given country still showed notable variation. Conclusion We found that the estimated productivity costs associated with dengue episodes in Asia are notable. However, owing to the significant variation in methodology and approaches applied, the reported productivity costs of dengue episodes were often not directly comparable across studies. More consistent and transparent methodology regarding the estimation of productivity costs would help the estimates of the economic burden of dengue be more accurate and comparable across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Manh Hung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Donald S Shepard
- Schneider Institutes for Health Policy, Heller School, Brandeis University, Waltham, USA
| | - Alison A Bettis
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, London, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Marys Campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Huyen Anh Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Angela McBride
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, England
| | - Hannah E Clapham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo C Turner
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
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20
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Sinval J, Marôco J. Short Index of Job Satisfaction: Validity evidence from Portugal and Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231474. [PMID: 32287284 PMCID: PMC7156096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Job satisfaction is an important construct that is known to be associated with workers' performance and wellbeing. As such, to properly measure it, one must use adapted measures that show adequate validity evidence for the desired context. Such measures should preferably be short to allow the parsimonious use of various measures/constructs in the same data collection. The aim of this paper is to adapt the Portuguese version for Brazil and Portugal of the Short Index of Job Satisfaction (SIJS). The SIJS is a psychometric instrument that measures job satisfaction through five items. A cross-sectional study was conducted with two multi-occupational workers samples, one from Brazil (n = 599) and one other from Portugal (n = 572). The SIJS presented good validity evidence based on its internal structure, namely dimensionality, reliability, and measurement invariance across countries and sexes. It also revealed to be positively correlated with work engagement, and quality of work life (convergent evidence). It also has shown to be negatively associated with burnout (discriminant evidence). The SIJS showed promising validity evidence. The SIJS can be useful to be used together with other instruments, due to its small number of items, producing data with good psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sinval
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Howard JT, Howard KJ. The effect of perceived stress on absenteeism and presenteeism in public school teachers. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2020.1724794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Howard
- Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community, and Policy, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Krista J. Howard
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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22
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Parkinson MD, Hammonds T, Keyser DJ, Wheeler JR, Peele PB. Impact of Physician Referral to Health Coaching on Patient Engagement and Health Risks: An Observational Study of UPMC's Prescription for Wellness. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:366-375. [PMID: 32048859 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate impact of physician referral to health coaching on patient engagement and health risk reduction. DESIGN Four-year retrospective, observational cohort study with propensity-matched pair comparisons. SETTING Integrated delivery and finance system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. SAMPLE 10 457 adult insured members referred to health coaching by their physician; 37 864 other members identified for health coaching through insurer-initiated outreach. INTERVENTION Practice-based, technology-supported workflow and process for physician prescribing of health coaching during regular office visit, with follow-up on patient's progress and implementation supports. MEASURES Patient engagement based on completion of pre-enrollment assessment, formal enrollment in health coaching, completion of required sessions, health risk levels, and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching referral. ANALYSIS Difference-in-difference analysis to assess change in health risk levels and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching and probability weighting to control for potential confounding between groups. RESULTS Members referred by a physician were significantly more likely to enroll in a health coaching program (21.0% vs 6.0%, P < .001) and complete the program requirements (8.5% vs 2.7%, P < .001) than when referred by insurer-initiated outreach; significant within group improvement in health risk levels from baseline (P < .001) was observed for both the groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients are significantly more likely to engage in health coaching when a referral is made by a physician; engagement in health coaching significantly improves health risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Parkinson
- Health and Productivity, UPMC Health Plan and WorkPartners, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Hammonds
- Health Economics, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna J Keyser
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennie R Wheeler
- Health and Productivity, UPMC Health Plan and WorkPartners, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pamela B Peele
- Health Economics, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Association between job-related stress and experience of presenteeism among Korean workers stratified on the presence of depression. Ann Occup Environ Med 2019; 31:e26. [PMID: 31620303 PMCID: PMC6792004 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Presenteeism refers to the phenomenon of working while sick. Its development can be attributed to not only somatic symptoms but also underlying social agreements and workplace atmosphere. In this study, we analyzed presenteeism among workers from various industries, focusing on job-related stress with stratification on the presence of depression. Methods We conducted the study with data from questionnaires filled in by different enterprises enrolled in the Federation of Korean Trade Unions. Workers' depressive symptoms were investigated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, while questions on job-related stress and presenteeism were derived from the short form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale and the official Korean version of the Work-Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-General Health, respectively. Multilevel logistic analysis was conducted to determine the statistical differences derived from the differences between companies. Results In total, 930 participants (753 men and 177 women) from 59 enterprises participated in the research. We conducted multilevel logistic regression to determine the association between the variables and presenteeism, with stratification by the presence of depression. Higher job demands and higher interpersonal conflict showed significantly elevated odds ratios (ORs) in univariate models and in the multivariate multilevel model. In the final model of total population, fully adjusted by general and work-related characteristics, higher job demands (OR: 3.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08-5.21) and interpersonal conflict (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.29-2.71) had significantly higher ORs-a tendency that remained in participants without depression. Conclusions This study reflected the factors associated with presenteeism among workers from various enterprises. The findings revealed that job-related stress was closely related to presenteeism in both the total population and in the population without depression. Thus, it emphasized interventions for managing job stress among workers to reduce presenteeism in general workers' population.
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Occupational Health Services Improve Effective Coverage for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at Japanese Companies. J UOEH 2019; 41:271-282. [PMID: 31548482 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.41.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to enable all people to receive health services, and has proposed effective coverage (EC) as an index for this aim. EC refers to "the fraction of potential health gain that is actually delivered to the population through the health system, given its capacity," and is used to indicate the percentage of the population whose diseases are well controlled among those who require treatment or are receiving treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of occupational health services on EC. We hypothesized that occupational health services provided to employees by full-time occupational health practitioners, such as occupational physicians and occupational health nurses, improve EC for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia compared to those services provided by part-time occupational health practitioners. We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze the results of general medical examinations, personnel information, and medical expense claims in fiscal year 2011. A total of 91,351 male employees at a company group participated in the study. The EC for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia was measured and compared between the employees in workplaces with occupational health practitioners (OH group) and the employees in workplaces without occupational health practitioners (non-OH group). The EC for hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly greater in the OH group than in the non-OH group (aOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20 - 1.66 for hypertension; aOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17 - 2.00 for diabetes mellitus), while the EC for hyperlipidemia was comparable (aOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.92 - 1.34). Occupational health services provided by full-time occupational health practitioners greatly improve health management after a medical examination.
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Tiu RB, Teng-Calleja M, Hechanova MRM, Go JFC. A social cognitive approach to understanding employee substance use: An example from the Philippines. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2019.1646658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reniel B. Tiu
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Jaimee Felice C. Go
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
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26
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Thørrisen MM, Bonsaksen T, Hashemi N, Kjeken I, van Mechelen W, Aas RW. Association between alcohol consumption and impaired work performance (presenteeism): a systematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029184. [PMID: 31315869 PMCID: PMC6661906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to explore the notion of alcohol-related presenteeism; that is, whether evidence in the research literature supports an association between employee alcohol consumption and impaired work performance. DESIGN Systematic review of observational studies. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, Embase and Swemed+ were searched through October 2018. Reference lists in included studies were hand searched for potential relevant studies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included observational studies, published 1990 or later as full-text empirical articles in peer-reviewed journals in English or a Scandinavian language, containing one or more statistical tests regarding a relationship between a measure of alcohol consumption and a measure of work performance. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted data. Tested associations between alcohol consumption and work performance within the included studies were quality assessed and analysed with frequency tables, cross-tabulations and χ2 tests of independence. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included, containing 132 tested associations. The vast majority of associations (77%) indicated that higher levels of alcohol consumption were associated with higher levels of impaired work performance, and these positive associations were considerably more likely than negative associations to be statistically significant (OR=14.00, phi=0.37, p<0.001). Alcohol exposure measured by hangover episodes and composite instruments were over-represented among significant positive associations of moderate and high quality (15 of 17 associations). Overall, 61% of the associations were characterised by low quality. CONCLUSIONS Evidence does provide some support for the notion of alcohol-related presenteeism. However, due to low research quality and lack of longitudinal designs, evidence should be characterised as somewhat inconclusive. More robust and less heterogeneous research is warranted. This review, however, does provide support for targeting alcohol consumption within the frame of workplace interventions aimed at improving employee health and productivity. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017059620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Neda Hashemi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Kjeken
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Presenter - Making Sense of Science, Stavanger, Norway
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Frone MR. Employee Psychoactive Substance Involvement: Historical Context, Key Findings, and Future Directions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Humans have consumed psychoactive substances for millennia, and these substances have played an important role in human culture and human labor. This article investigates our current understanding of the general association between the workplace and employee involvement with psychoactive substances. I begin by briefly exploring the broad evolutionary and historical intersection of psychoactive substances, human culture, and human labor. I then outline the multidimensional nature of employee psychoactive substance involvement and look at its prevalence. Next, I summarize recent research on workplace antecedents, such as work stressors, substance availability, norms, and social control. I then summarize research on the adverse workplace outcomes experienced by employees who use psychoactive substances as well as the collateral effects of such use on coworkers. Throughout the article, I identify directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Frone
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
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Street TD, Lacey SJ. Accounting for employee health: The productivity cost of leading health risks. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:228-237. [PMID: 30168878 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Workplace health promotion and protection" broadly refers to an integrated approach to workplace health and safety initiatives. There are substantial benefits to adopting such an approach, including the potential for: improvements to individual employees' health and well-being; increased productivity; and reduced safety risks and expenses. Yet many employers remain reluctant to shift from traditional safety initiatives and spending. This paper aims to demonstrate the value of investing in an integrated health promotion and protection approach by calculating the productivity costs associated with 11 modifiable health risks and 14 chronic conditions in an Australian mining company. METHOD Eight hundred and ninety-seven employees participated in a self-report health survey aimed at investigating employee health behaviours, health conditions and productivity. RESULTS Overall, modifiable health risks and chronic health conditions were calculated to contribute to an estimated $22.15 million (AUD) and $7.95 million (AUD) in lost productivity per 1000 employees per annum, respectively. Although employee stress was identified as the third highest prevalence health risk across the employee sample (at 42%), it accounted for the highest financial burden. CONCLUSION Employee health plays a vital role in the profitability, productivity, and safety outcomes of an organisation. For modifiable health risks and chronic conditions, ailments that affected cognition resulted in the highest financial burden (ie, stress and migraine headaches). SO WHAT?: These findings make a strong financial and business case for the integration of preventative health and safety initiatives, with particular emphasis on modifiable health risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D Street
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Qld, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lacey
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Qld, Australia
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Rodriguez-Sanchez B, Alessie RJM, Feenstra TL, Angelini V. The relationship between diabetes, diabetes-related complications and productive activities among older Europeans. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2018; 19:719-734. [PMID: 28656544 PMCID: PMC5948290 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-017-0911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes-related complications on two measures of productivity for people in the labour force and out of it, namely "being afraid health limits ability to work before retirement" and "volunteering". METHODS AND DATA Logistic regressions were run to test the impact of diabetes and its complications on the probability of being afraid health limits work and being a formal volunteer. The longitudinal sample for the former outcome includes 53,631 observations, clustered in 34,393 individuals, aged 50-65 years old whereas the latter consists of 45,384 observations, grouped in 29,104 individuals aged 65 and above across twelve European countries taken from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, from 2006 to 2013. RESULTS Diabetes increased the probability of being afraid health limited work by nearly 11% points, adjusted by clinical complications, and reduced the likelihood of being a formal volunteer by 2.7% points, additionally adjusted by mobility problems. We also found that both the probability of being afraid health limits work and the probability of being a formal volunteer increased during and after the crisis. Moreover, having diabetes had a larger effect on being afraid health limits work during the year 2010, possibly related to the financial crisis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that diabetes significantly affects the perception of people regarding the effects of their condition on work, increasing the fear that health limits their ability to work, especially during the crisis year 2010, as well as the participation in volunteering work among retired people.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, Zernike Campus, University of Groningen, Duisenberg Building, Nettelbosje 2, 9747AE, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R J M Alessie
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, Zernike Campus, University of Groningen, Duisenberg Building, Nettelbosje 2, 9747AE, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T L Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Centrum of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V Angelini
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, Zernike Campus, University of Groningen, Duisenberg Building, Nettelbosje 2, 9747AE, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Nakata K, Tsuji T, Vietri J, Jaffe DH. Work impairment, osteoarthritis, and health-related quality of life among employees in Japan. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:64. [PMID: 29665820 PMCID: PMC5905118 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of health and work impairment; however, this relationship, especially in Japan, is not well characterized. This study examined work impairment and OA in Japanese workers, specifically the relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health status. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional observational study included the data of employed adults with a self-reported OA diagnosis from the 2014 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey. Presenteeism and absenteeism were classified using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire for impairment at work in the past week. Outcome variables included health-related quality of life, which was measured with the revised Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument Health Survey (SF-36v2), and depression symptom severity, which was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results The majority (71.2%) of respondents with OA reported presenteeism, and 11.1% reported absenteeism. Presenteeism and absenteeism were both associated with younger age; a lower proportion of respondents with than without presenteeism were married or living with a partner, and a greater proportion of those with absenteeism had comorbid conditions (for all, p < 0.05). Respondents with than without presenteeism reported greater use of medications to relieve OA symptoms (37.3% versus 20.9%, p < 0.05), and those with than without absenteeism reported more frequent arthritis-related problems (p = 0.032). Among those with presenteeism, depression severity was higher (5.8 ± 6.0) than for those with no presenteeism (2.9 ± 4.3; p < 0.001). Presenteeism was associated with impairments in HRQoL on all metrics for patients with OA, with lower mental (6.4 points) and physical (4.8 points) component scores on the SF-36v2 (for all, p < 0.001). Conclusions Seven out of every 10 patients with OA experienced presenteeism, whereas one out of 10 reported absenteeism. OA respondents with presenteeism also showed greater medication use, lower HRQoL across both mental and physical components, and higher depression severity. Workplace interventions and effective treatment options are necessary strategies for improving the health of workers with OA in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nakata
- Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshinaga Tsuji
- Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Vietri
- Health Outcomes Practice, Kantar Health, Horsham, PA, USA
| | - Dena H Jaffe
- Health Outcomes Practice, Kantar Health, Ariel Sharon Street 4, 5230048, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Abstract
: The role of the corporate medical director (CMD) has evolved over the last 300 years since Ramazzini first identified diseases of Italian workers in the early 1700s. Since then, there has been a gradual blurring of the boundaries between private and workplace health concerns. Today's CMD must have intimate knowledge of their corporation's industry and the businesses that they support, particularly the occupational and environmental programs that comply with all local, state, and/or national standards and regulations. Leading companies not only measure compliance with such standards but also may hold programs to their own internal corporate global standards even if these go beyond local government requirements. This document will explore in greater depth the strength and importance that the CMD brings to the business operations to support a healthy, engaged, and high performing workforce. Part 1 describes the role and value of the CMD, while Part 2 provides collective wisdom for the new CMD from current and past highly experienced CMDs.
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Tvaryanas AP, Greenwell B, Vicen GJ, Maupin GM. The Commander’s Wellness Program: Assessing the Association Between Health Measures and Physical Fitness Assessment Scores, Fitness Assessment Exemptions, and Duration of Limited Duty. Mil Med 2018; 183:e612-e618. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Whysall Z, Bowden J, Hewitt M. Sickness presenteeism: measurement and management challenges. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:341-354. [PMID: 28791918 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1365949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since work can be restorative to health, attending work when unwell should not be viewed as an inherently negative phenomenon. However, the functional benefits are likely to depend on the health condition, and the psychosocial quality of the work provided. The current study used a workforce survey to explore differences in the pattern of presenteeism and absenteeism by health condition, the association of psychosocial work factors with presenteeism compared to absenteeism, and their interaction to predict health. Findings indicate that instead of substituting absenteeism for presenteeism, the two tend to coincide, but the balance differs by health condition. Presenteeism is more likely to occur in poorer psychosocial environments, reinforcing the importance of ensuring work is designed and managed in ways that are beneficial rather than detrimental to health. The findings also highlight the methodological importance of differentiating between the act and impact of presenteeism in future research and practice. Practitioner Summary: Effective management of work-related health requires that practitioners manage both sickness absence and presence together, since employees tend to fluctuate between the two when unwell. Interventions should be tailored to the specific health concern, paying particular attention to the psychosocial environment in enabling employees to continue working without exacerbating health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Whysall
- a Nottingham Business School , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
| | - James Bowden
- b COPE Occupational Health and Ergonomic Services Ltd, Arnold Business Centre , Nottingham , UK
| | - Michael Hewitt
- a Nottingham Business School , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
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Walker TJ, Tullar JM, Diamond PM, Kohl HW, Amick BC. Validity and Reliability of the 8-Item Work Limitations Questionnaire. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:576-583. [PMID: 28025750 PMCID: PMC5484749 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate factorial validity, scale reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the 8-item Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) among employees from a public university system. Methods A secondary analysis using de-identified data from employees who completed an annual Health Assessment between the years 2009-2015 tested research aims. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 10,165) tested the latent structure of the 8-item WLQ. Scale reliability was determined using a CFA-based approach while test-retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Convergent/discriminant validity was tested by evaluating relations between the 8-item WLQ with health/performance variables for convergent validity (health-related work performance, number of chronic conditions, and general health) and demographic variables for discriminant validity (gender and institution type). Results A 1-factor model with three correlated residuals demonstrated excellent model fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03, and SRMR = 0.01). The scale reliability was acceptable (0.69, 95% CI 0.68-0.70) and the test-retest reliability was very good (ICC = 0.78). Low-to-moderate associations were observed between the 8-item WLQ and the health/performance variables while weak associations were observed between the demographic variables. Conclusions The 8-item WLQ demonstrated sufficient reliability and validity among employees from a public university system. Results suggest the 8-item WLQ is a usable alternative for studies when the more comprehensive 25-item WLQ is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Walker
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jessica M Tullar
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela M Diamond
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harold W Kohl
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, AHC5 4534 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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The Association of Employee Engagement at Work With Health Risks and Presenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:988-992. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The Relation of Combined Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activities With Presenteeism. J Phys Act Health 2017; 14:893-898. [PMID: 28682653 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to understand physical activity types associated with health-related work limitations (also known as presenteeism). This study tests whether additive effects between physical activity types are associated with health-related work limitations among employees from a public university system. METHODS A cross-sectional study using health assessment data (n = 10,791) was used to examine aims. Analysis of covariance models tested differences in work limitations between physical activity groups based on combinations of stretching behavior, aerobic, and muscle-strengthening physical activities. Planned contrasts compared differences between selected groups. RESULTS There were significant group differences (P < .001) in reported work limitations after controlling for demographic, season, and health-related variables. Employees who reported participating in aerobic physical activity had significantly lower work limitation levels compared with inactive employees (P = .027). Employees who reported participating in both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities had the lowest work limitation levels compared with all groups and significantly lower work limitation levels compared with employees who participated in aerobic physical activity only (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence of an additive effect where participating in a combination of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities may be most beneficial when targeting health-related work limitations.
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Strömberg C, Aboagye E, Hagberg J, Bergström G, Lohela-Karlsson M. Estimating the Effect and Economic Impact of Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Work Environment-Related Problems on Reductions in Productivity from a Managerial Perspective. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 20:1058-1064. [PMID: 28964437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to propose wage multipliers that can be used to estimate the costs of productivity loss for employers in economic evaluations, using detailed information from managers. METHODS Data were collected in a survey panel of 758 managers from different sectors of the labor market. Based on assumed scenarios of a period of absenteeism due to sickness, presenteeism and work environment-related problem episodes, and specified job characteristics (i.e., explanatory variables), managers assessed their impact on group productivity and cost (i.e., the dependent variable). In an ordered probit model, the extent of productivity loss resulting from job characteristics is predicted. The predicted values are used to derive wage multipliers based on the cost of productivity estimates provided by the managers. RESULTS The results indicate that job characteristics (i.e., degree of time sensitivity of output, teamwork, or difficulty in replacing a worker) are linked to productivity loss as a result of health-related and work environment-related problems. The impact of impaired performance on productivity differs among various occupations. The mean wage multiplier is 1.97 for absenteeism, 1.70 for acute presenteeism, 1.54 for chronic presenteeism, and 1.72 for problems related to the work environment. This implies that the costs of health-related and work environment-related problems to organizations can exceed the worker's wage. CONCLUSIONS The use of wage multipliers is recommended for calculating the cost of health-related and work environment-related productivity loss to properly account for actual costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Strömberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Aboagye
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hagberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Lohela-Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Walker TJ, Tullar JM, Diamond PM, Kohl HW, Amick BC. The longitudinal relation between self-reported physical activity and presenteeism. Prev Med 2017; 102:120-126. [PMID: 28694058 PMCID: PMC5586142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the longitudinal relation between self-reported physical activity and health related work limitations (also known as presenteeism) among employees from a public university system. A retrospective longitudinal study design was used to examine research aims. Data were from self-reported health assessments collected from employees at a large University System in Texas during the 2013-2015 plan years (n=6515).Work limitations were measured using the self-report 8-item work limitations questionnaire. Latent growth curve models were used to test whether: 1) baseline physical activity was associated with baseline work limitations; 2) changes in physical activity were related to changes in work limitations; and 3) baseline physical activity predicted changes in work limitations. Models were adjusted for demographic and health-related variables. The final adjusted growth curve model demonstrated excellent fit. Results revealed baseline physical activity was inversely associated with baseline work limitations (β=-0.12, p<0.001). In addition, changes in physical activity were related to changes in work limitations (β=-0.33, p=0.02). However, no relation was found between baseline physical activity and changes in work limitations (β=-0.06, p=0.42). Results provide evidence that increasing physical activity among employees leads to decreases in health-related work limitations. Therefore, promoting physical activity among employee populations can help prevent and reduce presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Walker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jessica M Tullar
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela M Diamond
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Management, Policy and Community Health1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harold W Kohl
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Austin, TX, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, 1616 Guadalupe, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Policy and Management, Florida International University, AHC5 4534 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Walker TJ, Tullar JM, Diamond PM, Kohl HW, Amick BC. Association of Self-Reported Aerobic Physical Activity, Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity, and Stretching Behavior With Presenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:474-479. [PMID: 28379877 PMCID: PMC5423824 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate relations between aerobic physical activity (PA), muscle-strengthening PA, and stretching behavior and presenteeism in university employees. METHODS A cross-sectional study used health assessment data from two employee respondent groups (n2015 = 10,791 and n2009 = 10,165). Multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial regression models assessed the association between self-reported PA types and presenteeism. RESULTS There was consistent evidence that employees who reported participating in sufficient aerobic PA had higher odds for no work limitations [odds ratio (OR2015) = 1.45, P < 0.001; OR2009 = 1.55, P < 0.001] and lower levels of work limitations [incidence rate ratio (IRR)2015 = 0.92, P < 0.05; IRR2009 = 0.83, P < 0.001] than employees who reported participating in no activity. There was some evidence of an inverse association between muscle-strengthening PA and work limitations, but no evidence between stretching behavior and work limitations. CONCLUSIONS Promoting PA among employees is a key health behavior to target for worksites concerned about presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Walker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Phone: 713-500-9664,
| | - Jessica M. Tullar
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela M. Diamond
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harold W. Kohl
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Austin, TX USA
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, 1616 Guadalupe, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Amick
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Policy and Management, Florida International University, AHC5 4534 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kigozi J, Jowett S, Lewis M, Barton P, Coast J. The Estimation and Inclusion of Presenteeism Costs in Applied Economic Evaluation: A Systematic Review. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 20:496-506. [PMID: 28292496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the significant costs of reduced productivity (presenteeism) in comparison to absenteeism, and overall societal costs, presenteeism has a potentially important role to play in economic evaluations. However, these costs are often excluded. The objective of this study is to review applied cost of illness studies and economic evaluations to identify valuation methods used for, and impact of including presenteeism costs in practice. METHODS A structured systematic review was carried out to explore (i) the extent to which presenteeism has been applied in cost of illness studies and economic evaluations and (ii) the overall impact of including presenteeism on overall costs and outcomes. Potential articles were identified by searching Medline, PsycINFO and NHS EED databases. A standard template was developed and used to extract information from economic evaluations and cost of illness studies incorporating presenteeism costs. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review which also demonstrated that presenteeism costs are rarely included in full economic evaluations. Estimation and monetisation methods differed between the instruments. The impact of disease on presenteeism whilst in paid work is high. CONCLUSIONS The potential impact of presenteeism costs needs to be highlighted and greater consideration should be given to including these in economic evaluations and cost of illness studies. The importance of including presenteeism costs when conducting economic evaluation from a societal perspective should be emphasised in national economic guidelines and more methodological work is required to improve the practical application of presenteeism instruments to generate productivity cost estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Kigozi
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Sue Jowett
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martyn Lewis
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Pelham Barton
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joanna Coast
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Social impacts of the work loss in cancer survivors. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:694-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-017-0759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Portion of Health Care Costs Associated With Lifestyle-Related Modifiable Health Risks Based on a Sample of 223,461 Employees in Seven Industries: The UM-HMRC Study. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 57:1284-90. [PMID: 26641823 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study estimates the percent of health care costs associated with employees' modifiable health risks. METHODS Cross-sectional multivariate analysis of 223,461 employees from seven industries who completed a health risk assessment during 2007 to 2012. RESULTS Modifiable health risks were associated with 26.0% of health care costs ($761/person) among employees with no self-reported medical conditions and 25.4% among employees with a medical condition ($2598/person). The prevalence and relative costs of each of the 10 risks were different for those without and with medical conditions, but high body mass index was the most prevalent risk for both groups (41.0% and 63.9%) and also contributed the largest percentage of excess costs (7.2% and 7.3%). CONCLUSIONS This study, coupled with past work, gives an employer a sense of the magnitude that might be saved if modifiable health risks could be eliminated.
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Musich S, Hook D, Baaner S, Spooner M, Edington DW. The Association of Corporate Work Environment Factors, Health Risks, and Medical Conditions with Presenteeism among Australian Employees. Am J Health Promot 2016; 21:127-36. [PMID: 17152252 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-21.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the impact of selected corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions on job performance using a self-reported measure of presenteeism. Design. A cross-sectional survey utilizing health risk appraisal (HRA) data merging presenteeism with corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions. Setting. Approximately 8000 employees across ten diverse Australian corporations. Subjects. Employees (N = 1523; participation rate, 19%) who completed an HRA questionnaire. Measures. Self-reported HRA data were used to test associations of defined adverse corporate environment factors with presenteeism. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression modeling assessed the relative associations of corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions with increased odds of any presenteeism. Results. Increased presenteeism was significantly associated with poor working conditions, ineffective management/leadership, and work/life imbalance (adjusting for age, gender, health risks, and medical conditions). In multivariate logistic regression models, work/life imbalance, poor working conditions, life dissatisfaction, high stress, back pain, allergies, and younger age were significantly associated with presenteeism. Conclusions. Although the study has some limitations, including a possible response bias caused by the relatively low participation rate across the corporations, the study does demonstrate significant associations between corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions and self-reported presenteeism. The study provides initial evidence that health management programming may benefit on-the-job productivity outcomes if expanded to include interventions targeting work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Musich
- Health Management Research Center, University of Michigan, 1027 E. Huron Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1688 USA.
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The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Productivity-Related Costs: A Longitudinal Analysis. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:874-9. [PMID: 27454400 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between job satisfaction and total productivity-related costs, and between job satisfaction and absenteeism and presenteeism costs separately. A secondary aim was to explore whether these relationships differed across job types. METHODS Linear generalized estimating equation analyses were used to explore the longitudinal relationships. To explore whether the relationships differed across job types, stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS A significant relationship was found between job satisfaction and total productivity-related costs [β = &OV0556;-273; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -407 to -200] and between job satisfaction and presenteeism costs (β = &OV0556;-276; 95% CI: -367 to -235), but not between job satisfaction and absenteeism costs. These relationships differed across job types. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of job satisfaction were longitudinally related to lower total productivity-related costs and presenteeism costs, but not to lower absenteeism costs. These relationships seem to differ across job types.
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Hartman L, van Dongen JM, Hildebrandt VH, Strijk JE. The Role of Vitality in the Relationship Between a Healthy Lifestyle and Societal Costs of Health Care and Lost Productivity: A Mediation Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2016; 30:465-74. [PMID: 27445327 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116658182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the mediating effect of vitality in the relationship between healthy lifestyle characteristics and health-care and productivity-related costs. DESIGN Observational prospective cohort study with 2 measurements. Online questionnaires were filled out in 2013 (T0) and 2014 (T1). SETTING A random sample of a Dutch online interview panel was obtained. SUBJECTS Data of 4231 Dutch adults who had complete data at T0 and T1 were used in the present study. Participants were representative for the Dutch adult population in terms of age, gender, and having chronic disease(s). MEASURES Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI), vitality, and health-care and productivity-related costs. The HLI consisted of the sum of 6 healthy lifestyle characteristics, including a healthy BMI (yes/no), meeting physical activity, fruit, vegetable, and alcohol consumption guidelines (yes/no), and smoking status (yes: non or former smoker/no: current smoker). Health-care and productivity-related costs were measured using a utilization questionnaire. ANALYSIS Linear regression analysis. RESULTS The HLI was related to vitality. In addition, vitality was related to health-care costs and productivity-related costs. Furthermore, vitality was found to transmit 28.4% of the effect of HLI on health-care costs and 39.4% of the effect of HLI on productivity-related costs. CONCLUSION Lifestyle was related to vitality and vitality to health-care and productivity-related costs. Vitality mediated the relationship between lifestyle and health-care and productivity-related costs. Therefore, we recommend to sustain and improve both vitality and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hartman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J M van Dongen
- Department of Health Sciences & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V H Hildebrandt
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J E Strijk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, the Netherlands
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The association of self-reported employee physical activity with metabolic syndrome, health care costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 56:919-26. [PMID: 25153302 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine employees' self-reported physical activity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks and their association with health-related workplace outcomes. METHODS Employees participated in a health risk appraisal in 2010. Generalized Linear Modeling was used to test the association between MetS risk factors, physical activity, and the outcome measures while controlling for confounders. RESULTS MetS was found in 30.2% of employees. Health care costs for employees with MetS who reported sufficient exercise (150 or more minutes/week) totaled $2770 compared with $3855 for nonsufficient exercisers. The percentage of employees with MetS who had absenteeism and presenteeism was also significantly lower for employees achieving sufficient physical activity. All risk factors for MetS were mitigated for regular exercisers. CONCLUSIONS Employers should consider programs and services to support regular aerobic exercise to address the growing prevalence and costs of MetS in the workforce.
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Strand V, Jones TV, Li W, Koenig AS, Kotak S. The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on work and predictors of overall work impairment from three therapeutic scenarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.15.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Baxter S, Campbell S, Sanderson K, Cazaly C, Venn A, Owen C, Palmer AJ. Development of the Workplace Health Savings Calculator: a practical tool to measure economic impact from reduced absenteeism and staff turnover in workplace health promotion. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:457. [PMID: 26384647 PMCID: PMC4575484 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace health promotion is focussed on improving the health and wellbeing of workers. Although quantifiable effectiveness and economic evidence is variable, workplace health promotion is recognised by both government and business stakeholders as potentially beneficial for worker health and economic advantage. Despite the current debate on whether conclusive positive outcomes exist, governments are investing, and business engagement is necessary for value to be realised. Practical tools are needed to assist decision makers in developing the business case for workplace health promotion programs. Our primary objective was to develop an evidence-based, simple and easy-to-use resource (calculator) for Australian employers interested in workplace health investment figures. Results Three phases were undertaken to develop the calculator. First, evidence from a literature review located appropriate effectiveness measures. Second, a review of employer-facilitated programs aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of employees was utilised to identify change estimates surrounding these measures, and third, currently available online evaluation tools and models were investigated. We present a simple web-based calculator for use by employers who wish to estimate potential annual savings associated with implementing a successful workplace health promotion program. The calculator uses effectiveness measures (absenteeism and staff turnover rates) and change estimates sourced from 55 case studies to generate the annual savings an employer may potentially gain. Australian wage statistics were used to calculate replacement costs due to staff turnover. The calculator was named the Workplace Health Savings Calculator and adapted and reproduced on the Healthy Workers web portal by the Australian Commonwealth Government Department of Health and Ageing. Conclusion The Workplace Health Savings Calculator is a simple online business tool that aims to engage employers and to assist participation, development and implementation of workplace health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Baxter
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2 Building, 17 Liverpool St, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Sharon Campbell
- Population Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2/25 Argyle St, GPO Box 125, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Kristy Sanderson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2 Building, 17 Liverpool St, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Carl Cazaly
- Population Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2/25 Argyle St, GPO Box 125, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2 Building, 17 Liverpool St, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Carole Owen
- Population Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2/25 Argyle St, GPO Box 125, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2 Building, 17 Liverpool St, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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Ohta M, Eguchi Y, Inoue T, Honda T, Morita Y, Konno Y, Yamato H, Kumashiro M. Effects of bench step exercise intervention on work ability in terms of cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2015; 21:141-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2015.1029293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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