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Quadri Z, Elsherbini A, Crivelli SM, El‐Amouri SS, Tripathi P, Zhu Z, Ren X, Zhang L, Spassieva SD, Nikolova‐Karakashian M, Bieberich E. Ceramide-mediated orchestration of oxidative stress response through filopodia-derived small extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12477. [PMID: 38988257 PMCID: PMC11237349 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from the plasma membrane, but the regulation and function of these EVs remain unclear. We found that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in Hela cells stimulated filopodia formation and the secretion of EVs. EVs were small (150 nm) and labeled for CD44, indicating that they were derived from filopodia. Filopodia-derived small EVs (sEVs) were enriched with the sphingolipid ceramide, consistent with increased ceramide in the plasma membrane of filopodia. Ceramide was colocalized with neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), two sphingomyelinases generating ceramide at the plasma membrane. Inhibition of nSMase2 and ASM prevented oxidative stress-induced sEV shedding but only nSMase2 inhibition prevented filopodia formation. nSMase2 was S-palmitoylated and interacted with ASM in filopodia to generate ceramide for sEV shedding. sEVs contained nSMase2 and ASM and decreased the level of these two enzymes in oxidatively stressed Hela cells. A novel metabolic labeling technique for EVs showed that oxidative stress induced secretion of fluorescent sEVs labeled with NBD-ceramide. NBD-ceramide-labeled sEVs transported ceramide to mitochondria, ultimately inducing cell death in a proportion of neuronal (N2a) cells. In conclusion, using Hela cells we provide evidence that oxidative stress induces interaction of nSMase2 and ASM at filopodia, which leads to shedding of ceramide-rich sEVs that target mitochondria and propagate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Simone M. Crivelli
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Salim S. El‐Amouri
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Xiaojia Ren
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Stefka D. Spassieva
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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Arron HE, Marsh BD, Kell DB, Khan MA, Jaeger BR, Pretorius E. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: the biology of a neglected disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386607. [PMID: 38887284 PMCID: PMC11180809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, debilitating disease characterised by a wide range of symptoms that severely impact all aspects of life. Despite its significant prevalence, ME/CFS remains one of the most understudied and misunderstood conditions in modern medicine. ME/CFS lacks standardised diagnostic criteria owing to variations in both inclusion and exclusion criteria across different diagnostic guidelines, and furthermore, there are currently no effective treatments available. Moving beyond the traditional fragmented perspectives that have limited our understanding and management of the disease, our analysis of current information on ME/CFS represents a significant paradigm shift by synthesising the disease's multifactorial origins into a cohesive model. We discuss how ME/CFS emerges from an intricate web of genetic vulnerabilities and environmental triggers, notably viral infections, leading to a complex series of pathological responses including immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and metabolic disturbances. This comprehensive model not only advances our understanding of ME/CFS's pathophysiology but also opens new avenues for research and potential therapeutic strategies. By integrating these disparate elements, our work emphasises the necessity of a holistic approach to diagnosing, researching, and treating ME/CFS, urging the scientific community to reconsider the disease's complexity and the multifaceted approach required for its study and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E. Arron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Benjamin D. Marsh
- MRCPCH Consultant Paediatric Neurodisability, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Asad Khan
- Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Beate R. Jaeger
- Long COVID department, Clinic St Georg, Bad Aibling, Germany
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3471-3487. [PMID: 37668758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused due to the perturbations in the oxidant-antioxidant system can damage molecules and cause cellular alteration leading to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. This study was designed and performed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of an alkaloid, gramine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress on HEK 293 cells. Cell viability and morphometric analysis of cells treated with H2O2 and gramine were studied. Oxidative stress and inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes such as ROS, LPO, NO, SOD, GSH, and CAT were analyzed. Furthermore, mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and COX-2 was also evaluated. H2O2 at concentration > 0.3 mM and gramine at concentration > 80 μg/mL affect the proliferation. Viability and morphometric analysis showed that gramine has protective effects. Treating cells with gramine suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory enzymes, whereas antioxidant enzymes were enhanced. SOD and CAT mRNA levels were overexpressed and COX-2 mRNA levels were decreased in the treated groups. Gramine possesses effective antioxidant potential and can regulate oxidative stress and damages associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouf O AlAfaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad M Althafar
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi S Bin Dahman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, 50511, Yemen
| | - Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Blat A, Makowski W, Smenda J, Pięta Ł, Bania M, Zapotoczny S, Malek K. Human erythrocytes under stress. Spectroscopic fingerprints of known oxidative mechanisms and beyond. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124142. [PMID: 38493515 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the oxidative stress-related biochemical alterations in red blood cells (RBCs) and their membranes with the use of spectroscopic techniques. We aimed to show their great advantage for the in situ detection of lipid classes and secondary structures of proteins without the need for their extraction in the cellular environment. The exposition of the cells to peroxides, t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to different degradation processes encompassing the changes in the composition of membranes and structural modifications of hemoglobin (Hb). Our results indicated that tBOOH is generally a stronger oxidizing agent than H2O2 and this observation was congruent with the activity of superoxide and glutathione peroxidase. ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies of membranes revealed that tBOOH caused primarily the partial loss and peroxidation of the lipids resulting in loss of the integrity of membranes. In turn, both peroxides induced several kinds of damage in the protein layer, including the partial decrease of their content and irreversible aggregation of spectrin, ankyrin, and membrane-bound globin. These changes were especially pronounced on the membrane surface where stress conditions induced the formation of β-sheets and intramolecular aggregates, particularly for tBOOH. Interestingly, nano-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the lipid peroxidative damage on the membrane surface in both cases. As far as hemoglobin was concerned, tBOOH and H2O2 caused the increase of the oxyhemoglobin species and conformational alterations of its polypeptide chain into β-sheets. Our findings confirm that applied spectroscopies effectively track the oxidative changes occurring in the structural components of red blood cells and the simplicity of conducting measurements and sample preparation can be readily applied to pharmacological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Blat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Smenda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pięta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Oyejobi GK, Zhang X, Xiong D, Xue H, Shi M, Yang H, Wei H. Phage-Bacterial Interaction Alters Phenotypes Associated with Virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Viruses 2024; 16:743. [PMID: 38793624 PMCID: PMC11125765 DOI: 10.3390/v16050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages exert strong selection on their bacterial hosts to evolve resistance. At the same time, the fitness costs on bacteria following phage resistance may change their virulence, which may affect the therapeutic outcomes of phage therapy. In this study, we set out to assess the costs of phage resistance on the in vitro virulence of priority 1 nosocomial pathogenic bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii. By subjecting phage-resistant variant Ev5-WHG of A. baumannii WHG40004 to several in vitro virulence profiles, we found that its resistance to phage is associated with reduced fitness in host microenvironments. Also, the mutant exhibited impaired adhesion and invasion to mammalian cells, as well as increased susceptibility to macrophage phagocytosis. Furthermore, the whole-genome sequencing of the mutant revealed that there exist multiple mutations which may play a role in phage resistance and altered virulence. Altogether, this study demonstrates that resistance to phage can significantly alter phenotypes associated with virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
| | - Hongping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (H.X.); (M.S.)
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Ozulumba T, Zatorski JM, Arneja A, Hammel JH, Braciale TJ, Luckey CJ, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Mitigating reactive oxygen species production and increasing gel porosity improves lymphocyte motility and fibroblast spreading in photocrosslinked gelatin-thiol hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.574282. [PMID: 38293038 PMCID: PMC10827049 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.574282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
On-chip 3D culture systems that incorporate immune cells such as lymphocytes and stromal cells are needed to model immune organs in engineered systems such as organs-on-chip. Photocrosslinking is a useful tool for creating such immune-competent hydrogel cultures with spatial cell organization. However, loss of viability and motility in photocrosslinked gels can limit its utility, especially when working with fragile primary cells. We hypothesized that optimizing photoexposure-induced ROS production, hydrogel porosity or a combination of both factors was necessary to sustain cell viability and motility during culture in photocrosslinked gelatin-thiol (GelSH) hydrogels. Jurkat T cells, primary human CD4+ T cells and human lymphatic fibroblasts were selected as representative lymphoid immune cells to test this hypothesis. Direct exposure of these cells to 385 nm light and LAP photoinitiator dramatically increased ROS levels. Pretreatment with an antioxidant, ascorbic acid (AA), protected the cells from light + LAP-induced ROS and was non-toxic at optimized doses. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy showed that native GelSH hydrogels had limited porosity, and that adding collagen to GelSH precursor before crosslinking markedly increased gel porosity. Next, we tested the impact of AA pretreatment and increasing gel porosity, alone or in combination, on cell viability and function in 3D GelSH hydrogel cultures. Increasing gel porosity, rather than AA pretreatment, was more critical for rescuing viability of Jurkat T cells and spreading of human lymphatic fibroblasts in GelSH-based gels, but both factors improved the motility of primary human CD4+ T cells. Increased porosity enabled formation of spatially organized co-cultures of primary human CD4+ T cells and human lymphatic fibroblasts in photo-crosslinked gels in a multi-lane microfluidic chip, towards modeling the lymphoid organ microenvironment. Some optimization is still needed to improve homogeneity between regions on the chip. These findings will enable researchers utilizing photocrosslinking methods to develop immunocompetent 3D culture models that support viability and function of sensitive lymphoid cells.
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Ghasemi S, Evazalipour M, Peyghanbari N, Zamani E, Bellstedt P, Molaee M, Koohi DE, Yousefbeyk F. Isolation and structure elucidation of the compounds from Teucrium hyrcanicum L. and the investigation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:447. [PMID: 38087220 PMCID: PMC10714485 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teucrium hyrcanicum L. (family Lamiaceae) is widely distributed in the North and Northwest of Iran. It has been used in the form of tea, tonic, and tincture for the treatment of various diseases such as cough, rheumatism, and fever. METHODS In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract and different fractions of T. hyrcanicum were measured. Furthermore, the potential ability of T. hyrcanicum to protect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was tested on the NIH3T3 cell line. Then, the isolation and structure elucidation of the compounds were performed on the most potent fractions. Finally, the quantification of isolated compounds in methanol extract (ME) was done by the HPLC method. Isolated phytochemicals were assessed for the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. RESULTS The results indicated that the methanol fraction (MF) had the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents (69.36 mg GAE/g extract and 68.95 mg QE/g extract). The highest radical scavenging activities were observed from MF and ME (IC50 44.32 and 61.12 μg.ml-1, respectively). The best cytotoxicity was obtained by ethyl acetate fraction (EF) against A431 and MCF7 cell lines (IC50 values of 235.4and 326.6 μg.ml-1, respectively). The pretreatment with MF exerts the highest reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation (IC50 2.51 μM, p < 0.001) compared to the H2O2 group (5.77 μM). Also, MF significantly inhibited H2O2-induced Glutathione (GSH) oxidation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, two phenolic compounds, acteoside and quercetin, were isolated and identified in MF and EF, respectively. The IC50 values of acteoside and quercetin in the DPPH assay were 7.19 and 5.56 µg.ml-1, respectively. Both quercetin and acteoside significantly reduced the MDA formation and inhibited GSH oxidation, which was comparable with BHA (as a standard antioxidant) (p < 0.05). Acteoside demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines (IC50 = 32 to 145 μg.ml-1). The HPLC quantification of isolated compounds revealed that the quantity of acteoside and quercetin in ME were 93.31 and 16.87 μg.mg-1, respectively. CONCLUSION The isolated compounds (quercetin and acteoside) had significant antioxidant activities and revealed a protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress which was comparable with BHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nastaran Peyghanbari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich & University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahan Molaee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Diba Eghbali Koohi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefbeyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
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9
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Hien HTM, Thom LT, Ha NC, Tam LT, Thu NTH, Nguyen TV, Loan VT, Dan NT, Hong DD. Characterization and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 Isolated from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, and Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of Its Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mixture. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120780. [PMID: 36547927 PMCID: PMC9787583 DOI: 10.3390/md20120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium is a heterotrophic marine microalga that has potential industrial applications. The main objectives of this study were to isolate an Aurantiochytrium strain from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, optimize its culture conditions, determine its nutritional composition, extract polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the free (FFA) and the alkyl ester (FAAE) forms, and evaluate the antioxidation and neuroprotection properties of the PUFAs. Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 can be grown stably under laboratory conditions. Its culture conditions were optimized for a dry cell weight (DCW) of 31.18 g/L, with total lipids comprising 25.29%, proteins 7.93%, carbohydrates 15.21%, and carotenoid at 143.67 µg/L of DCW. The FAAEs and FFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 were rich in omega 3-6-9 fatty acids (40.73% and 44.00% of total fatty acids, respectively). No acute or subchronic oral toxicity was determined in mice fed with the PUFAs in FFA or FAAE forms at different doses over 90 days. Furthermore, the PUFAs in the FFA or FAAE forms and their main constituents of EPA, DHA, and ALA showed antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties and neuroprotective activities against damage caused by H2O2- and amyloid-ß protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced C6 cells. These data suggest that PUFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi Minh Hien
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.T.M.H.); (D.D.H.); Tel.: +84-24-37911059 (H.T.M.H.); Fax: +84-24-38363144 (H.T.M.H.)
| | - Le Thi Thom
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cam Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Luu Thi Tam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Hoai Thu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tru Van Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Loan
- Joint Vietnam–Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Dan
- Joint Vietnam–Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Diem Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.T.M.H.); (D.D.H.); Tel.: +84-24-37911059 (H.T.M.H.); Fax: +84-24-38363144 (H.T.M.H.)
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10
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Kitching M, Inguva S, Ramani M, Gao Y, Marsili E, Cahill P. Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Vascular Cells in vitro. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:813511. [PMID: 35479633 PMCID: PMC9036376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.813511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic applications is a well-established process in microbial hosts such as bacterial, fungi, and plants. However, reports on AuNPs biosynthesis in mammalian cells are scarce. In this study, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) were examined for their ability to synthesize AuNPs in vitro. Cell culture conditions such as buffer selection, serum concentration, and HAuCl4 concentration were optimized before the biosynthesized AuNPs were characterized through visible spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. BAECs and BASMC produced small, spherical AuNPs that are semi-crystalline with a similar diameter (23 ± 2 nm and 23 ± 4 nm). Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment increased AuNPs synthesis, suggesting that antioxidant enzymes may reduce Au3+ ions as seen in microbial cells. However, buthionine sulfoximine inhibition of glutathione synthesis, a key regulator of oxidative stress, failed to affect AuNPs generation. Taken together, these results show that under the right synthesis conditions, non-tumor cell lines can produce detectable concentrations of AuNPs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kitching
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Meghana Ramani
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yina Gao
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Enrico Marsili
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Paul Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Manna S, Ruano CSM, Hegenbarth JC, Vaiman D, Gupta S, McCarthy FP, Méhats C, McCarthy C, Apicella C, Scheel J. Computational Models on Pathological Redox Signalling Driven by Pregnancy: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030585. [PMID: 35326235 PMCID: PMC8945226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of diseases including pregnancy pathologies with long-term cardiovascular repercussions for both the mother and baby. Aberrant redox signalling coupled with deficient antioxidant defence leads to chronic molecular impairment. Abnormal placentation has been considered the primary source for reactive species; however, placental dysfunction has been deemed secondary to maternal cardiovascular maladaptation in pregnancy. While various therapeutic interventions, aimed at combating deregulated oxidative stress during pregnancy have shown promise in experimental models, they often result as inconclusive or detrimental in clinical trials, warranting the need for further research to identify candidates. The strengths and limitations of current experimental methods in redox research are discussed. Assessment of redox status and oxidative stress in experimental models and in clinical practice remains challenging; the state-of-the-art of computational models in this field is presented in this review, comparing static and dynamic models which provide functional information such as protein-protein interactions, as well as the impact of changes in molecular species on the redox-status of the system, respectively. Enhanced knowledge of redox biology in during pregnancy through computational modelling such as generation of Systems Biology Markup Language model which integrates existing models to a larger network in the context of placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KH Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
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12
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Dayawansa NH, Baratchi S, Peter K. Uncoupling the Vicious Cycle of Mechanical Stress and Inflammation in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:783543. [PMID: 35355968 PMCID: PMC8959593 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.783543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common acquired valvulopathy, which carries a high burden of mortality. Chronic inflammation has been postulated as the predominant pathophysiological process underlying CAVD. So far, no effective medical therapies exist to halt the progression of CAVD. This review aims to outline the known pathways of inflammation and calcification in CAVD, focussing on the critical roles of mechanical stress and mechanosensing in the perpetuation of valvular inflammation. Following initiation of valvular inflammation, dysregulation of proinflammatory and osteoregulatory signalling pathways stimulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into active myofibroblastic and osteoblastic phenotypes, which in turn mediate valvular extracellular matrix remodelling and calcification. Mechanosensitive signalling pathways convert mechanical forces experienced by valve leaflets and circulating cells into biochemical signals and may provide the positive feedback loop that promotes acceleration of disease progression in the advanced stages of CAVD. Mechanosensing is implicated in multiple aspects of CAVD pathophysiology. The mechanosensitive RhoA/ROCK and YAP/TAZ systems are implicated in aortic valve leaflet mineralisation in response to increased substrate stiffness. Exposure of aortic valve leaflets, endothelial cells and platelets to high shear stress results in increased expression of mediators of VIC differentiation. Upregulation of the Piezo1 mechanoreceptor has been demonstrated to promote inflammation in CAVD, which normalises following transcatheter valve replacement. Genetic variants and inhibition of Notch signalling accentuate VIC responses to altered mechanical stresses. The study of mechanosensing pathways has revealed promising insights into the mechanisms that perpetuate inflammation and calcification in CAVD. Mechanotransduction of altered mechanical stresses may provide the sought-after coupling link that drives a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation in CAVD. Mechanosensing pathways may yield promising targets for therapeutic interventions and prognostic biomarkers with the potential to improve the management of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin H. Dayawansa
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Karlheinz Peter,
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13
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Astley C, Houacine C, Zaabalawi A, Wilkinson F, Lightfoot AP, Alexander Y, Whitehead D, Singh KK, Azzawi M. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Deliver Resveratrol, Restoring Attenuated Dilation in Small Coronary Arteries, via the AMPK Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121852. [PMID: 34944670 PMCID: PMC8699041 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are an emerging drug delivery platform for improved drug stability and the bioavailability of antihypertensive drugs and vasoprotective nutraceutical compounds, such as resveratrol (RV). The objective of this study was to ascertain NLCs’ potential to deliver RV and restore attenuated dilator function, using an ex vivo model of acute hypertension. Trimyristin–triolein NLCs were synthesized and loaded with RV. The uptake of RV-NLCs by human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) maintained their viability and reduced both mitochondrial and cytosolic superoxide levels. Acute pressure elevation in isolated coronary arteries significantly attenuated endothelial-dependent dilator responses, which were reversed following incubation in RV-NLCs, superoxide dismutase or apocynin (p < 0.0001). RV-NLCs demonstrated a five-fold increase in potency in comparison to RV solution. At elevated pressure, in the presence of RV-NLCs, incubation with Nω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA) or indomethacin resulted in a significant reduction in the restored dilator component (p < 0.0001), whereas apamin and TRAM-34 had no overall effect. Incubation with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor dorsomorphin significantly attenuated dilator responses (p < 0.001), whereas the SIRT-1 inhibitor EX-527 had no effect. RV-NLCs improved the impaired endothelial-dependent dilation of small coronary arteries, following acute pressure elevation, via NO and downstream COX elements, mediated by AMPK. We suggest that RV-NLCs are an effective delivery modality for improved potency and sustained drug release into the vasculature. Our findings have important implications for the future design and implementation of antihypertensive treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Astley
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (C.A.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (A.P.L.); (Y.A.)
| | - Chahinez Houacine
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Azziza Zaabalawi
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (C.A.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (A.P.L.); (Y.A.)
| | - Fiona Wilkinson
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (C.A.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (A.P.L.); (Y.A.)
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (C.A.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (A.P.L.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (C.A.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (A.P.L.); (Y.A.)
| | - Debra Whitehead
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Kamalinder K. Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
- Correspondence: (K.K.S.); (M.A.)
| | - May Azzawi
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (C.A.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (A.P.L.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.S.); (M.A.)
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14
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Saito-Takatsuji H, Yoshitomi Y, Ishigaki Y, Yamamoto S, Numata N, Sakai Y, Takeuchi M, Tomosugi N, Katsuda S, Yonekura H, Ikeda T. Protective Effects of Collagen Tripeptides in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Restoring ROS-Induced Transcriptional Repression. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072226. [PMID: 34209567 PMCID: PMC8308296 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is defined as a functional food material derived from collagenase digests of type I collagen and contains a high concentration of tripeptides with a Gly-X-Y sequence. CTP has several biological effects, including the acceleration of fracture healing, ameliorating osteoarthritis, and improving dryness and photoaging of the skin. Recently, an antiatherosclerotic effect of CTP has been reported, although its molecular mechanism is yet to be determined. In this study, we examined the effects of CTP on primary cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) under oxidative stress, because oxidative endothelial dysfunction is a trigger of atherosclerosis. DNA microarray and RT-qPCR analyses showed that CTP treatment recovered the downregulated expression of several genes, including the interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (IL3RA), which were suppressed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) treatment in HAECs. Furthermore, IL3RA knockdown significantly decreased the viability of HAECs compared with control cells. RT-qPCR analysis also showed that solute carrier 15 family peptide transporters, which are involved in CTP absorption into cells, were expressed in HAECs at levels more than comparable to those of a CTP-responsive human osteoblastic cell line. These results indicated that CTP exerts a protective effect for HAECs, at least in part, by regulating the recovery of ROS-induced transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehito Saito-Takatsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.-T.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yasuo Yoshitomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.-T.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., 4-4-1 Sakae, Tagajo, Miyagi 985-0833, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Noriaki Numata
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., 4-4-1 Sakae, Tagajo, Miyagi 985-0833, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuo Sakai
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., 4-4-1 Sakae, Tagajo, Miyagi 985-0833, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Division of AGEs Research, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Naohisa Tomosugi
- Division of Aging Research, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Shogo Katsuda
- Department of Pathology II, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Hideto Yonekura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.-T.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.-T.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-218-8111
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15
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Elias T, Lee LH, Rossi M, Caruso F, Adams SD. In Vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Embelin against Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Microorganisms 2021; 9:434. [PMID: 33669814 PMCID: PMC7922599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) causes a wide range of infections from mild to life-threatening in the human population. There are effective treatments for HSV-1 infections that are limited due HSV-1 latency and development of resistance to current therapeutics. The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiviral effects of embelin on HSV-1 in cultured Vero cells. Oxidative stress was verified by an extensive production of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) H2O2. Vero cells were infected with a recombinant strain of HSV-1 and antiviral assays, time course attachment, penetration, and post penetration assays, confocal microscopy, qPCR, and antioxidant assays were conducted. Our results lead to the conclusion that embelin is noncytotoxic at concentrations tested ranging from 20 to 70 µM. Treatment of HSV-1 virions with embelin resulted in 98.7-100% inhibition and affected the early stage of HSV-1 infection of Vero cells, by inhibiting the attachment and penetration of HSV-1 virions to host cells. Treatment of virions with concentrations of embelin ranging from 35 to 60 µM significantly reduced the production of H2O2. In conclusion, embelin reduces oxidative damage caused by HSV-1 infection and is an effective antiviral to reduce the infection of HSV-1 in cultured Vero cells. Further studies are needed to explore the possibility of embelin as a medicinal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Elias
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (T.E.); (L.H.L.)
| | - Lee H. Lee
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (T.E.); (L.H.L.)
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Sandra D. Adams
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (T.E.); (L.H.L.)
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16
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Dervisevic E, Dervisevic M, Wang Y, Malaver‐Ortega LF, Cheng W, Tuck KL, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ. Highly Selective Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Densely Packed Ultrathin Gold Nanowires Film. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building 20 Research Way Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Muamer Dervisevic
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMonash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Luis F. Malaver‐Ortega
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMonash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building 20 Research Way Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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17
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Lopes-Coelho F, Silva F, Gouveia-Fernandes S, Martins C, Lopes N, Domingues G, Brito C, Almeida AM, Pereira SA, Serpa J. Monocytes as Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs), Another Brick in the Wall to Disentangle Tumor Angiogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010107. [PMID: 31906296 PMCID: PMC7016533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow contains endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that, upon pro-angiogenic stimuli, migrate and differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and contribute to re-endothelialization and neo-vascularization. There are currently no reliable markers to characterize EPCs, leading to their inaccurate identification. In the past, we showed that, in a panel of tumors, some cells on the vessel wall co-expressed CD14 (monocytic marker) and CD31 (EC marker), indicating a putative differentiation route of monocytes into ECs. Herein, we disclosed monocytes as potential EPCs, using in vitro and in vivo models, and also addressed the cancer context. Monocytes acquired the capacity to express ECs markers and were able to be incorporated into blood vessels, contributing to cancer progression, by being incorporated in tumor neo-vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) push monocytes to EC differentiation, and this phenotype is reverted by cysteine (a scavenger and precursor of glutathione), which indicates that angiogenesis is controlled by the interplay between the oxidative stress and the scavenging capacity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Fernanda Silva
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Carmo Martins
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Nuno Lopes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (N.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Germana Domingues
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (N.L.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António M Almeida
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Hospital da Luz, Av. Lusíada 100, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +350-217-229-800; Fax: +351-217-248-756
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18
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Zaabalawi A, Astley C, Renshall L, Beards F, Lightfoot AP, Degens H, Whitehead D, Alexander Y, Harris LK, Azzawi M. Tetramethoxystilbene-Loaded Liposomes Restore Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated Attenuation of Dilator Responses in Rat Aortic Vessels Ex vivo. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234360. [PMID: 31795324 PMCID: PMC6930636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylated analogue of the polyphenol resveratrol (RV), 2,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) displays potent antioxidant properties and is an effective cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 inhibitor. The bioavailability of TMS is low. Therefore, the use of liposomes for the encapsulation of TMS is a promising delivery modality for enhanced uptake into tissues. We examined the effect of delivery of TMS in liposomes on the restoration of vasodilator responses of isolated aortic vessels after acute tension elevation ex vivo. Aortic vessels from young male Wistar rats were isolated, and endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) responses assessed. Acute tension elevation (1 h) significantly reduced ACh dilator responses, which were restored following incubation with superoxide dismutase or apocynin (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Incubation with TMS-loaded liposomes (mean diameter 157 ± 6 nm; PDI 0.097) significantly improved the attenuated dilator responses following tension elevation, which was sustained over a longer period (4 h) when compared to TMS solution. Endothelial denudation or co-incubation with L-NNA (Nω-nitro-l-arginine; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) resulted in loss of dilator function. Our findings suggest that TMS-loaded liposomes can restore attenuated endothelial-dependent dilator responses induced by an oxidative environment by reducing NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS and potentiating the release of the vasodilator nitric oxide. TMS-loaded liposomes may be a promising therapeutic strategy to restore vasodilator function in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azziza Zaabalawi
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Cai Astley
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Lewis Renshall
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.R.); (F.B.); (L.K.H.)
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Frances Beards
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.R.); (F.B.); (L.K.H.)
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Hans Degens
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Debra Whitehead
- Advances Materials and Surface Engineering Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.R.); (F.B.); (L.K.H.)
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - May Azzawi
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Human EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells under Inflammatory Conditions and Their Interactions with A549 Tumour Cells. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9645481. [PMID: 31565662 PMCID: PMC6745109 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9645481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Most tumours are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment, and correlations between inflammation and cancer progression have been shown. Endothelial cells (ECs), as part of the tumour microenvironment, play a crucial role in inflammatory processes as well as in angiogenesis and could be critical targets of cancer therapy like irradiation. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of ionizing radiation on endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions and their interactions with tumour cells. Methods Nonactivated and TNF-α treatment-activated human EC EA.hy926 were irradiated with doses between 0.1 Gy and 6 Gy with a linear accelerator. Using a multiplex assay, the accumulation of various chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin) and soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and VCAM-1) as well as protein values of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in the supernatant at different time points. The adhesion capability of irradiated and nonirradiated A549 tumour cells to EA.hy926 cells was measured using flow cytometry, and the migration of tumour cells was investigated with a scratch motility assay. Results In contrast to unirradiated cells, IR of ECs resulted in a modified release of chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 as well as the adhesion molecules sICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the EC, whereas concentrations of E-selectin and P-selectin as well as VEGF were not influenced. IR always affected the adhesion capability of tumour cells to ECs with the effect dependent on the IR-treated cell type. TNF-α treatment generally increased adhesion ability of the tumour cells. Tumour cell migration was clearly inhibited after IR. This inhibitory effect was eliminated for radiation doses from 0.5 to 2 Gy when, additionally, an inflammatory environment was predominant. Conclusions Our results support past findings suggesting that ECs, as part of the inflammatory microenvironment of tumours, are important regulators of the actual tumour response to radiation therapy.
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20
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Jiang Y, Xu L, Yu L, Xu X, Feng C, Li J. NOX4 inhibition protects enteric glial cells against Clostridium difficile toxin B toxicity via attenuating oxidative and Endoplasmic reticulum stresses. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:932-940. [PMID: 31370714 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1649670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs), one main cell population of the enteric nervous system (ENS), play a major role in regulating intestinal barrier function. Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) is the major virulence factor produced by C. difficile and estimated to be toxic to EGCs by inducing cell death, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory cytokine production; however, the detailed mechanism for such effect is still unclear. In this study, we further evaluated the toxic effect of TcdB on EGCs and the involvement of NADPH oxidases in such process using the rat-transformed EGCs (CRL-2690). The results showed that NOX4 was activated by TcdB in EGCs and functioned as the major factor causing cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis. Mechanically, NOX4-generated H2O2 was the inducer of oxidative stress, Ca2+ homeostasis disorder, and ER stress in EGCs upon TcdB treatment, and NOX4 inhibition protected EGCs against TcdB toxicity via attenuating these dysfunctions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanism by which TcdB affects EGCs and suggest the potential value of NOX4 inhibition for treatment against C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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21
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Chaiprasert T, Armartmuntree N, Techasen A, Sakonsinsiri C, Pinlaor S, Ungarreevittaya P, Khuntikeo N, Namwat N, Thanan R. Roles of Zinc Finger Protein 423 in Proliferation and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma through Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070263. [PMID: 31284679 PMCID: PMC6681239 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 423 (ZNF423) is a transcriptional factor involved in the development and progression of cancers but has not yet been examined in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an oxidative stress-driven cancer of biliary epithelium. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress mediated ZNF423 expression regulates its downstream genes resulting in CCA genesis. ZNF423 protein expression patterns and 8-oxodG (an oxidative stress marker) formation in CCA tissues were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that ZNF423 was overexpressed in CCA cells compared to normal bile duct cells adjacent of the tumor. Notably, ZNF423 expression was positively correlated with 8-oxodG formation. Moreover, ZNF423 expression in an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line (MMNK1) was increased by hydrogen peroxide-treatment, suggesting that oxidative stress induces ZNF423 expression. To investigate the roles of ZNF423 in CCA progression, ZNF423 mRNA was silenced using specific siRNA in CCA cell lines, KKU-100 and KKU-213. Silencing of ZNF423 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of both CCA cell lines. Taking all these results together, the present study denoted that ZNF423 is an oxidative stress-responsive gene with an oncogenic property contributing to the regulation of CCA genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timpika Chaiprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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22
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Sibomana I, Grobe N, DelRaso NJ, Reo NV. Influence of Myo-inositol Plus Ethanolamine on Plasmalogens and Cell Viability during Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:265-284. [PMID: 30604967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of rats with myo-inositol plus ethanolamine (ME) elevated brain ethanolamine plasmalogens (PE-Pls) and protected against phosphine-induced oxidative stress. Here we tested the hypothesis that ME treatment elevates PE-Pls in a neuro-2A (N2A) cell culture system and protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress, and we assessed the effects of treatments using myo-inositol with or without (+/-) ethanolamine on ethanolamine phospholipids (PLs) and cell viability following H2O2 exposure. Cells were treated with equimolar amounts (500 μM) of myo-inositol, ethanolamine (Etn), or their combination (ME) for 24 h, followed by an additional 24 h exposure to 650 μM H2O2. NMR analyses evaluated the treatment effects on Etn PLs, while LC-MS/MS analyses assessed the molecular species of Etn PLs preferentially affected by ME and H2O2 treatments, especially PE-Pls and their degradation byproducts-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE). Only ME influenced the cellular levels of PLs. ME yielded a 3-fold increase in PE-Pls and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ( p < 0.001) and a preferential 60% increase in PE-Pls containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA+MUFA), while polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) species increased by only 10%. Exposing cells to 650 μM H2O2 caused a significant cell death (56% viability), a 27% decrease in PE-Pls, a 201% increase in PUFA-rich LPE, and a ca. 3-fold increase in GPE. H2O2 had no impact on PE, suggesting that LPE and GPE were primarily the byproducts of PE-Pls (not PE) degradation. Surprisingly, ME pretreatment ameliorated H2O2 effects and significantly increased cell survival to 80% ( p < 0.05). Cellular PE-Pls levels prior to H2O2 treatment were highly correlated ( R2 = 0.95) with cell survival, suggesting a relationship between PE-Pls and cell protection. Data suggest that a preferential increase in PE-Pls containing SFA+MUFA species may protect cells from oxidative stress. Such studies aid in our understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms that may be associated with plasmalogens and the relevance of these phospholipids to neurodegenerative diseases/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaie Sibomana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 162 Diggs Laboratory , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States.,Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nadja Grobe
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nicholas J DelRaso
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nicholas V Reo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 162 Diggs Laboratory , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States
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23
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Habas K, Shang L. Alterations in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in human endothelial cells. Tissue Cell 2018; 54:139-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Hasan-Olive MM, Lauritzen KH, Ali M, Rasmussen LJ, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. A Ketogenic Diet Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics via the PGC1α-SIRT3-UCP2 Axis. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:22-37. [PMID: 30027365 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A ketogenic diet (KD; high-fat, low-carbohydrate) can benefit refractory epilepsy, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. We used mice inducibly expressing a mutated form of the mitochondrial DNA repair enzyme UNG1 (mutUNG1) to cause progressive mitochondrial dysfunction selectively in forebrain neurons. We examined the levels of mRNAs and proteins crucial for mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. We show that hippocampal pyramidal neurons in mutUNG1 mice, as well as cultured rat hippocampal neurons and human fibroblasts with H2O2 induced oxidative stress, improve markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and function when fed on a KD, and when exposed to the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate, respectively, by upregulating PGC1α, SIRT3 and UCP2, and (in cultured cells) increasing the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the NAD+/NADH ratio. The mitochondrial level of UCP2 was significantly higher in the perikarya and axon terminals of hippocampus CA1 pyramidal neurons in KD treated mutUNG1 mice compared with mutUNG1 mice fed a standard diet. The β-hydroxybutyrate receptor GPR109a (HCAR2), but not the structurally closely related lactate receptor GPR81 (HCAR1), was upregulated in mutUNG1 mice on a KD, suggesting a selective influence of KD on ketone body receptor mechanisms. We conclude that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in mutUNG1 expressing mice causes oxidative stress, and that exposure of animals to KD, or of cells to ketone body in vitro, elicits compensatory mechanisms acting to augment mitochondrial mass and bioenergetics via the PGC1α-SIRT3-UCP2 axis (The compensatory processes are overwhelmed in the mutUNG1 mice by all the newly formed mitochondria being dysfunctional).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive
- Synaptic Neurochemistry and Amino Acid Transporter Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knut H Lauritzen
- Synaptic Neurochemistry and Amino Acid Transporter Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- Synaptic Neurochemistry and Amino Acid Transporter Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Synaptic Neurochemistry and Amino Acid Transporter Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Xiao J, Chen B, Wang Q, Yang L, Guo H. Paeonin extracted from potatoes protects gastric epithelial cells from H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in vitro by PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10865. [PMID: 30022028 PMCID: PMC6052145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the antioxidant mechanism of new extracts from potatoes. Four pigments, namely, Petunin, Paeonin, Malvidin and Pelargonidin, were extracted from potatoes by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results showed that the cellular morphology and cell viability were significantly altered in gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations over time (P < 0.05). Paeonin presented the strongest anti-oxidative effects on H2O2-treated cells, in both a dose- and time-dependent manner, determined by ARE-luciferase activity and HO-1 mRNA expression. After pre-treatment with Paeonin in H2O2-exposed cells, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 protein expressions were remarkably up-regulated. Furthermore, immunostaining of Nrf2 expression was obviously elevated in the H2O2 + Paeonin group over time. The GSH content in the H2O2 + Paeonin group was notably lower than that in the H2O2 + Paeonin + GSK690693 group. Paeonin promoted cell cycle with augmented Cyclin D1 and p27 protein expressions. Moreover, Paeonin suppressed apoptosis with increased Bcl2, total Caspase3 and total Caspase8 protein expressions and decreased Bax, p-Caspase3 and p-Caspase8 protein expression in H2O2-treated cells. These results suggested that Paeonin might exert an anti-oxidative role by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway with the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Huachun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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26
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Apenova N, Peng H, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. A rapid and sensitive fluorometric method for determination of aldehyde oxidase activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 341:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Comparative Analysis of AGE and RAGE Levels in Human Somatic and Embryonic Stem Cells under H 2O 2-Induced Noncytotoxic Oxidative Stress Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4240136. [PMID: 29104727 PMCID: PMC5623800 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4240136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurs in ageing and in many degenerative diseases as a final outcome of persistent oxidative stress on cells and organs. Environmental alterations taking place during early embryonic development can also lead to oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and AGE accumulation. Whether similar mechanisms act on somatic and embryonic stem cells (ESC) exposed to oxidative stress is not known; and therefore, the modelling of oxidative stress in vitro on human ESC has been the focus of this study. We compared changes in Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) advanced glycation end products and RAGE levels in hESC versus differentiated somatic cells exposed to H2O2 within the noncytotoxic range. Our data revealed that hESC accumulates CML and RAGE under oxidative stress conditions in different ways than somatic cells, being the accumulation of CML statistically significant only in somatic cells and, conversely, the RAGE increase exclusively appreciated in hESC. Then, following cardiac and neural differentiation, we observed a progressive removal of AGEs and at the same time an elevated activity of the 20S proteasome. We conclude that human ESCs constitute a unique model to study the consequence of an oxidative environment in the pluripotent cells of the embryo during the human preimplantation period.
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28
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Domingues PH, Nanduri LSY, Seget K, Venkateswaran SV, Agorku D, Viganó C, von Schubert C, Nigg EA, Swanton C, Sotillo R, Bosio A, Storchová Z, Hardt O. Cellular Prion Protein PrP C and Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Are Markers of the Cellular Stress Response to Aneuploidy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2914-2926. [PMID: 28377454 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of most human tumors, but the molecular physiology of aneuploid cells is not well characterized. In this study, we screened cell surface biomarkers of approximately 300 proteins by multiparameter flow cytometry using multiple aneuploid model systems such as cell lines, patient samples, and mouse models. Several new biomarkers were identified with altered expression in aneuploid cells, including overexpression of the cellular prion protein CD230/PrPC and the immunosuppressive cell surface enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73. Functional analyses associated these alterations with increased cellular stress. An increased number of CD73+ cells was observed in confluent cultures in aneuploid cells relative to their diploid counterparts. An elevated expression in CD230/PrPC was observed in serum-deprived cells in association with increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our work identified biomarkers of aneuploid karyotypes, which suggest insights into the underlying molecular physiology of aneuploid cells. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2914-26. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalitha S Y Nanduri
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.,Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Katarzyna Seget
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sharavan V Venkateswaran
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Agorku
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío Sotillo
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Storchová
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
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29
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The effect of classical swine fever virus NS5A and NS5A mutants on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in swine testicular cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:89-96. [PMID: 28142057 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) results in highly significant economic losses; this infection is characterized by being highly contagious and accompanied by hyperthermia and systemic bleeding. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathological process of viral infection. The function of the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) in the pathogenesis of CSFV has not been completely understood. Here, OS and the inflammatory response were studied with NS5A and substitution mutants in swine testicular (ST) cells. ST cell lines stably expressing CSFV NS5A or substitution mutants were established. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant protein expression and inflammatory response were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), ELISA and flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that CSFV NS5A did not increase ROS production or the antioxidant protein (Trx, HO-1 and PRDX-6) expression in ST cells. However, NS5A inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a pro-inflammatory protein related to OS. Further studies have shown that NS5A mutants S15A and S92A increased ROS production and inhibited antioxidant protein expression. S15A, S81A and T274A affected the inflammatory response. This study suggested that CSFV NS5A did not induce OS, and amino acids Ser15 and Ser92 of CSFV NS5A were essential for inhibiting OS. Additionally, Ser15, Ser81 and Thr274 played important roles in the inflammatory response in ST cells. These observations provided insight into the function of CSFV NS5A and the mechanism of CSFV persistent infection in ST cells.
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Najafi A, Amidi F, Sedighi Gilani MA, Moawad AR, Asadi E, Khanlarkhni N, Fallah P, Rezaiian Z, Sobhani A. Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on sperm function, oxidative stress and membrane integrity in human. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Najafi
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - F. Amidi
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - M. A. Sedighi Gilani
- Department of Urology; Shariati Hospital; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A. R. Moawad
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Surgery; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- Department of Theriogenology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - E. Asadi
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - N. Khanlarkhni
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - P. Fallah
- Infertility Center; Shariati Hospital; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Z. Rezaiian
- Infertility Center; Shariati Hospital; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A. Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Chen AY, Lü JM, Yao Q, Chen C. Entacapone is an Antioxidant More Potent than Vitamin C and Vitamin E for Scavenging of Hypochlorous Acid and Peroxynitrite, and the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:687-96. [PMID: 26927838 PMCID: PMC4777242 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entacapone (ENT), a clinical drug for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, has been shown to have antioxidant effects, but little is known about its antioxidant mechanisms. The objective of the current study was to determine the antioxidant activity of ENT against different species of oxidants and compared it with that of vitamin C and vitamin E. We also determined the effect of ENT on oxidative stress-induced cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Material/Methods The total antioxidant activities of ENT, vitamin C and vitamin E were determined with a standard DPPH-scavenging assay. Specific assays to determine ENT’s scavenging activity on hypochlorous acid (HOCl), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the chelating effect on Fe(II) were used. H2O2-induced cell death in HUVECs was determined with the MTT assay. Results ENT (10 and 20 μM) scavenged 60% and 83% of DPPH activity, respectively. These percentages were greater than those resulting from using the same concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin E. ENT’s HOCl-scavenging activity was concentration-dependent and 8 to 20 times stronger than those of vitamin C and vitamin E. ENT’s ONOO−-scavenging activity was 8% to 30% stronger than that of vitamin C. However, ENT, vitamin C, and vitamin E were not able to directly scavenge H2O2, and did not show any chelating effect on Fe(II). Importantly ENT, but not vitamin C or vitamin E, inhibited H2O2-induced cell death in HUVECs. Conclusions ENT is an antioxidant that can scavenge toxic HOCl and ONOO− species and inhibit oxidative stress-induced cell death more effectively than vitamin C and vitamin E. ENT may have new clinical applications as an antioxidant in the treatment of ROS-induced diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian-Ming Lü
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Safaeian L, Javanmard SH, Mollanoori Y, Dana N. Cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of human lactoferrin against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:188. [PMID: 26605227 PMCID: PMC4617156 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.164010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the protective and antioxidant effects of LF on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Materials and Methods: HUVECs were pretreated by (6.25–100 μg/ml) LF for 24 h and then exposed to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 2 h. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The intra- and extra-cellular hydroperoxides concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined in pretreated cells. Results: Pretreatment of HUVECs with LF at the concentrations of 25–100 μg/ml significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner using MTT assay. LF pretreatment at different concentration ranges also decreased the hydroperoxides level and augmented the FRAP value in both intra-and extra-cellular assay. Conclusion: These findings revealed antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of LF against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. With regard to the beneficial vascular activity of LF, further investigations are suggested for understanding its clinical value in human endothelial dysfunction and prevention and/or treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjoo Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaser Mollanoori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Evaluation of Skin Fibroblasts from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients for the Rapid Study of Pathological Features. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:138-46. [PMID: 26013250 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive degeneration of brain and spinal cord motor neurons. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in ALS pathogenesis. However, it is unknown whether the defects in these pathways extend to non-neuronal tissues such as fibroblasts. Fibroblasts, unlike neuronal tissue, are readily available and may hold potential for short-term, rapid diagnostic and prognostic purposes. We investigated whether primary skin fibroblasts from ALS patients share, or can be manipulated to develop, functional and pathological abnormalities seen in affected neuronal cells. We inhibited UPS function and induced oxidative stress in the fibroblasts and found that ALS-related cellular changes, such as aggregate formation and ubiquitination of ALS-associated proteins (TDP-43 and ubiquilin 2), can be reproduced in these cells. Higher levels of TDP-43 ubiquitination, as evident by colocalization between TDP-43 and ubiquitin, were found in all six ALS cases compared to controls following extracellular insults. In contrast, colocalization between ubiquilin 2 and ubiquitin was not markedly different between ALS cases and control. A UPS reporter assay revealed UPS abnormalities in patient fibroblasts. Despite the presence of ALS-related cellular changes in the patient fibroblasts, no elevated toxicity was observed. This suggests that aggregate formation and colocalization of ALS-associated proteins may be insufficient alone to confer toxicity in fibroblasts used in the present study. Chronic exposure to ALS-linked stresses and the ALS-linked cellular pathologies may be necessary to breach an unknown threshold that triggers cell death.
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Ionizing Radiation Effects on Cells, Organelles and Tissues on Proteome Level. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:37-48. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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He L, Zhang YM, Lin Z, Li WW, Wang J, Li HL. Classical swine fever virus NS5A protein localizes to endoplasmic reticulum and induces oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells. Virus Genes 2012; 45:274-82. [PMID: 22718084 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a severe disease of pigs that is characterized by hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and leucopenia. Until now, the role of the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) produced by CSFV in the pathogenesis of CSF is not well known. In this study, we investigated the function of CSFV NS5A by examining its role in the induction of oxidative stress and related intracellular events. Stable swine umbilical vein endothelial cell lines expressing CSFV NS5A were established and showed that CSFV NS5A is localized to endoplasmic reticulum and induces oxidative stress associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species production. The expression of NS5A protein exerts different effects on the three major antioxidants. Particularly, it exhibits a significant increase in transcriptional activities of antioxidant proteins thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin-6, but accompanied by a concomitant decrease of antioxidant protein heme oxygenase-1. Further studies showed that cyclooxygenase-2, a pro-inflammatory protein related to oxidative stress, is up-regulated while anti-inflammatory protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, an important mediator in vascular functional regulation, is down-regulated in CSFV NS5A expressing cells. This study suggested that CSFV NS5A plays important roles in the induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells. These findings provide novel information on the function of the poorly characterized CSFV NS5A and provide an insight into the mechanism by which CSFV NS5A can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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Shaw JH, Lloyd PG. Post-transcriptional regulation of placenta growth factor mRNA by hydrogen peroxide. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:155-60. [PMID: 22683469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In tissues containing pre-existing collateral vessels, occlusion of an upstream supply artery results in diversion of blood flow through these vessels, protecting the distal tissue from ischemia. The sudden rise in blood flow through collateral vessels exerts shear stress upon the vessel wall, thereby providing the initial stimulus for arteriogenesis. Arteriogenesis, the structural expansion of collateral circulation, involves smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation which leads to increased vessel diameter and wall thickness. Since shear is sensed at the level of endothelial cells (EC), communication from EC to the underlying SMC must occur as part of this process. We previously reported that endothelial cells (EC) exposed to shear stress release hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and that H(2)O(2) can signal vascular SMC to increase gene and protein expression of placenta growth factor (PLGF), a known mediator of arteriogenesis. The purpose of the current study was to further elucidate the mechanism whereby PLGF is regulated by H(2)O(2). We found that a single, physiological dose of H(2)O(2) increases PLGF mRNA half-life, but has no effect on PLGF promoter activity, in human coronary artery SMC (CASMC). We further demonstrated that the H(2)O(2)-induced increase in PLGF mRNA levels partially relies on p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, we showed that chronic exposure to pathological levels of H(2)O(2) further increases PLGF mRNA levels, but does not result in a corresponding increase in PLGF secreted protein. These data suggest that PLGF regulation has an important translational component. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize post-transcriptional regulation of PLGF mRNA by H(2)O(2) in vascular SMC. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of this important growth factor and increase our understanding of PLGF-driven arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Shaw
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Kiani-Esfahani A, Tavalaee M, Deemeh MR, Hamiditabar M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. DHR123: an alternative probe for assessment of ROS in human spermatozoa. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2012; 58:168-74. [PMID: 22545706 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.681420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) to measure oxidative stress produced by human spermatozoa. The results were compared with 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) that is routinely used for assessment of H(2)O(2) produced by spermatozoa. Fluorescence intensity and percentage R123 and DCF positive sperm were measured by flow cytometry. The optimal condition for assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by sperm with DHR123 was 0.05 µM for 1 million sperm per ml for 20 minutes. The results of ROS measurement by DHR123 showed a significant correlation (r= +0.818, P<0.001) with DCFH-DA staining. Immunofluorescence of sperm stained with DHR123 revealed ROS production in the sperm mid-piece. In addition a significant correlation was observed between oxidant production assessed by DHR123 and semen parameters. Therefore, DHR123 may be considered a suitable probe for estimating oxidants produced by human spermatozoa, and can present heterogeneity in oxidant production between different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Barjaktarovic Z, Schmaltz D, Shyla A, Azimzadeh O, Schulz S, Haagen J, Dörr W, Sarioglu H, Schäfer A, Atkinson MJ, Zischka H, Tapio S. Radiation-induced signaling results in mitochondrial impairment in mouse heart at 4 weeks after exposure to X-rays. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27811. [PMID: 22174747 PMCID: PMC3234240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Radiation therapy treatment of breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease or childhood cancers expose the heart to high local radiation doses, causing an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the survivors decades after the treatment. The mechanisms that underlie the radiation damage remain poorly understood so far. Previous data show that impairment of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is directly linked to the development of cardiovascular disease. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, the radiation-induced in vivo effects on cardiac mitochondrial proteome and function were investigated. C57BL/6N mice were exposed to local irradiation of the heart with doses of 0.2 Gy or 2 Gy (X-ray, 200 kV) at the age of eight weeks, the control mice were sham-irradiated. After four weeks the cardiac mitochondria were isolated and tested for proteomic and functional alterations. Two complementary proteomics approaches using both peptide and protein quantification strategies showed radiation-induced deregulation of 25 proteins in total. Three main biological categories were affected: the oxidative phophorylation, the pyruvate metabolism, and the cytoskeletal structure. The mitochondria exposed to high-dose irradiation showed functional impairment reflected as partial deactivation of Complex I (32%) and Complex III (11%), decreased succinate-driven respiratory capacity (13%), increased level of reactive oxygen species and enhanced oxidation of mitochondrial proteins. The changes in the pyruvate metabolism and structural proteins were seen with both low and high radiation doses. Conclusion/Significance This is the first study showing the biological alterations in the murine heart mitochondria several weeks after the exposure to low- and high-dose of ionizing radiation. Our results show that doses, equivalent to a single dose in radiotherapy, cause long-lasting changes in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and mitochondria-associated cytoskeleton. This prompts us to propose that these first pathological changes lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarko Barjaktarovic
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Tanner P, Onaca O, Balasubramanian V, Meier W, Palivan CG. Enzymatic cascade reactions inside polymeric nanocontainers: a means to combat oxidative stress. Chemistry 2011; 17:4552-60. [PMID: 21365697 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is primarily due to an imbalance in reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite, or hydrogen peroxide, represents a significant initiator in pathological conditions that range from arthritis to cancer. Herein we introduce the concept of enzymatic cascade reactions inside polymeric nanocontainers as an effective means to detect and combat superoxide radicals. By simultaneously encapsulating a set of enzymes that act in tandem inside the cavities of polymeric nanovesicles and by reconstituting channel proteins in their membranes, an efficient catalytic system was formed, as demonstrated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Superoxide dismutase and lactoperoxidase were selected as a model to highlight the combination of enzymes. These were shown to participate in sequential reactions in situ in the nanovesicle cavity, transforming superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and water and, therefore, mimicking their natural behavior. A channel protein, outer membrane protein F, facilitated the diffusion of lactoperoxidase substrate/products and dramatically increased the penetration of superoxide radicals through the polymer membrane, as established by activity assays. The system remained active after uptake by THP-1 cells, thus behaving as an artificial organelle and exemplifying an effective approach to enzyme therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Shaw JH, Xiang L, Shah A, Yin W, Lloyd PG. Placenta growth factor expression is regulated by hydrogen peroxide in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C349-55. [PMID: 21123739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00374.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When supply arteries become occluded, blood is diverted through preexisting collateral vessels. Shear stress arising from this increase in blood flow provides the initial physiological stimulus for expansion of the collateral circulation, a process termed arteriogenesis. Endothelial cells (EC) respond to increased shear stress by releasing a variety of mediators that can act on underlying smooth muscle cells (SMC). Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is known to mediate certain aspects of arteriogenesis, such as recruitment of monocytes to the vessel wall. Therefore, we tested whether SMC PLGF expression is influenced by mediators released by EC. We used A10 SMC cultured with medium that had been conditioned by EOMA EC for 4 days as a model. We found that EC-conditioned medium is able to upregulate PLGF gene expression in A10 SMC. Further experiments identified hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as a key mediator of this response. We confirmed the physiological relevance of this mechanism in primary human coronary artery SMCs by demonstrating that exogenous H(2)O(2) specifically upregulates PLGF gene and protein expression. We also demonstrated that the physiological stimulus of shear stress raises endogenous H(2)O(2) levels in media into the range found to increase PLGF expression. In this study, we demonstrate that EC-released H(2)O(2) acts as a positive regulator of PLGF gene and protein expression in vascular SMC. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe H(2)O(2) as a regulator of PLGF expression and therefore an upstream mediator of PLGF-driven arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Shaw
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Blanquicett C, Kang BY, Ritzenthaler JD, Jones DP, Hart CM. Oxidative stress modulates PPAR gamma in vascular endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1618-25. [PMID: 20302927 PMCID: PMC2868091 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) plays an important role in vascular regulation. However, the impact of oxidative stress on PPAR gamma expression and activity has not been clearly defined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to graded concentrations of H(2)O(2) for 0.5-72h, or bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were exposed to alterations in extracellular thiol/disulfide redox potential (E(h)) of the cysteine/cystine couple. Within 2h, H(2)O(2) reduced HUVEC PPAR gamma mRNA and activity and reduced the expression of two PPAR gamma-regulated genes without altering PPAR gamma protein levels. After 4h H(2)O(2) exposure, mRNA levels remained reduced, whereas PPAR gamma activity returned to control levels. PPAR gamma mRNA levels remained depressed for up to 72 h after exposure to H(2)O(2), without any change in PPAR gamma activity. Catalase prevented H(2)O(2)-induced reductions in PPAR gamma mRNA and activity. H(2)O(2) (1) reduced luciferase expression in HUVECs transiently transfected with a human PPAR gamma promoter reporter, (2) failed to alter PPAR gamma mRNA half-life, and (3) transiently increased expression and activity of c-Fos and phospho-c-Jun. Treatment with the AP1 inhibitor curcumin prevented H(2)O(2)-mediated reductions in PPAR gamma expression. In addition, medium having an oxidized E(h) reduced BAEC PPAR gamma mRNA and activity. These findings demonstrate that oxidative stress, potentially through activation of inhibitory redox-regulated transcription factors, attenuates PPAR gamma expression and activity in vascular endothelial cells through suppression of PPAR gamma transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - C. Michael Hart
- Address correspondence to: C. Michael Hart, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta VAMC (151-P), 1670 Clairmont Rd., Decatur, GA 30033, Phone: 404 – 321 – 6111 ext 7278, Fax: 404 – 728 – 7750,
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Sperm viability, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in human spermatozoa before and after induction of oxidative stress. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:814-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu F, Han M, Wilson JX. Tripterine prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction by inhibiting endogenous peroxynitrite formation. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1014-23. [PMID: 19508391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tripterine is an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 and an active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., which is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. We hypothesized that tripterine inhibits endogenous peroxynitrite formation and thereby prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of tripterine were investigated on endothelial barrier function, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phasphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, 3-nitrotyrosine formation, protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) activity, activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and Janus kinase (Jak2), and degradation of IkappaB in microvascular endothelial cells exposed to pro-inflammatory stimulus [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon gamma (IFNgamma)] and on vascular permeability in air pouches of mice injected with LPS + IFNgamma. KEY RESULTS LPS + IFNgamma caused an increase in monolayer permeability, induction of iNOS and NADPH oxidase type 1 (Nox1) proteins, formation of superoxide, nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine, and increase in PP2A activity in endothelial cells. These effects of LPS + IFNgamma were diminished by tripterine (50-200 nM). Further, LPS + IFNgamma-induced expression of iNOS and Nox1 was attenuated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor PD98059, the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the Jak2 inhibitor AG490 and the NFkappaB inhibitor MG132, but not by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580. LPS + IFNgamma stimulated phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and Jak2, and degradation of IkappaB, but only Jak2 phosphorylation was sensitive to tripterine (50-200 nM). Further, tripterine diminished the increased vascular permeability in inflamed air pouches. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that, by preventing Jak2-dependent induction of iNOS and Nox1, tripterine inhibits peroxynitrite precursor synthesis, attenuates the increased activity of PP2A and consequently protects endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-8028, USA.
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Abstract
This review covers research achievements in the field of biomechanics that have been obtained in the past few years and provides information to researchers in other fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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