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Lee HS, Kim HY, Ahn YM, Cho KW. Herbal medicine Oryeongsan (Wulingsan): Cardio-renal effects via modulation of renin-angiotensin system and atrial natriuretic peptide system. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101066. [PMID: 39247397 PMCID: PMC11378099 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oryeongsan (Wulingsan, Goreisan) has long been used for the treatment of impaired body fluid metabolism. However, the action mechanisms have not been clearly defined. Recently, effects of Oryeongsan on the body fluid and Na+ metabolism and the action mechanisms have been shown more clearly. The present review focuses on the recent findings on the effects of Oryeongsan in the cardio-renal system in relation with body fluid metabolism and action mechanisms leading to a decrease in blood pressure in animal models of hypertension. Methods The new and recent findings were searched by using searching systems including PubMed-NCBI and Google-Scholar. Results Oryeongsan induced an increase in glomerular filtration rate, and natriuresis and diuresis with a decreased osmolality and resulted in a contraction of the body fluid and Na+ balance. These findings were associated with a suppression of abundance of Na+-H +-exchanger isoform 3 expression and V2 receptor/aquaporin2 water channel signaling pathway in the kidney. Further, treatment with Oryeongsan accentuated atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in the atria from spontaneously hypertensive rats in which the secretion was suppressed. In addition, Oryeongsan ameliorated impaired vasodilation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Conclusion The effects of Oryeongsan in the kidney, atria, and vessel were accompanied by a suppression of AT1 receptor and concurrent accentuation of abundance of AT2/Mas receptors expression and modulation of the natriuretic peptide system in these organs from hypertensive rats. The review shows multiple sites of action of Oryeongsan and mechanisms involved in the regulation of volume and pressure homeostasis in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mee Ahn
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Cho
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Schofield LG, Endacott SK, Delforce SJ, Lumbers ER, Pringle KG. Importance of the (Pro)renin Receptor in Activating the Renin-Angiotensin System During Normotensive and Preeclamptic Pregnancies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024:10.1007/s11906-024-01316-1. [PMID: 39093387 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For a healthy pregnancy to occur, a controlled interplay between the maternal circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), placental renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (iRAS) is necessary. Functionally, both the RAAS and iRAS interact to maintain blood pressure and cardiac output, as well as fluid and electrolyte balance. The placental RAS is important for placental development while also influencing the maternal circulating RAAS and iRAS. This narrative review concentrates on the (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) and its soluble form (s(P)RR) in the context of the hypertensive pregnancy pathology, preeclampsia. RECENT FINDINGS The (P)RR and the s(P)RR have become of particular interest as not only can they activate prorenin and renin, thus influencing levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), but s(P)RR has now been shown to directly interact with and stimulate the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Levels of both placental (P)RR and maternal circulating s(P)RR are elevated in patients with preeclampsia. Furthermore, s(P)RR has been shown to increase blood pressure in non-pregnant and pregnant rats and mice. In preeclamptic pregnancies, which are characterised by maternal hypertension and impaired placental development and function, we propose that there is enhanced secretion of s(P)RR from the placenta into the maternal circulation. Due to its ability to both activate prorenin and act as an AT1R agonist, excess maternal circulating s(P)RR can act on both the maternal vasculature, and the kidney, leading to RAS over-activation. This results in dysregulation of the maternal circulating RAAS and overactivation of the iRAS, contributing to maternal hypertension, renal damage, and secondary changes to neurohumoral regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, ultimately contributing to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan G Schofield
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, N.S.W, 2308, Australia
- Womens Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
| | - Saije K Endacott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, N.S.W, 2308, Australia
- Womens Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
| | - Sarah J Delforce
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, N.S.W, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, N.S.W, 2308, Australia
- Womens Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, N.S.W, 2305, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, N.S.W, 2308, Australia.
- Womens Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, N.S.W, 2305, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, N.S.W, 2305, Australia.
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3
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Guo C, He J, Deng X, Wang D, Yuan G. Potential therapeutic value of melatonin in diabetic nephropathy: improvement beyond anti-oxidative stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1250-1261. [PMID: 34048666 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1933539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, and it is also the main cause of chronic renal failure. Physiological/pathological changes mediated by high glucose are the main factors causing injury of DN, including the enhancement of polyol pathway, the accumulation of advanced glycation products (AGEs), and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals. In addition, the abnormal activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress are also involved. Melatonin is a physiological hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland which has been proved to be related to diabetes. Studies have shown that exogenous melatonin intervention can reduce blood glucose and alleviate high glucose mediated pathological damage. At the same time, melatonin also has a strong antioxidant effect, and can inhibit the activation of RAS. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the therapeutic effect and value of melatonin on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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4
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Chou RH, Yang SF, Wu CH, Tsai YL, Lu YW, Guo JY, Huang PH, Lin SJ. Association between Premorbid Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:709-719. [PMID: 37720403 PMCID: PMC10499963 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202309_39(5).20230301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. However, whether their use increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and should be discontinued during acute illness remains controversial. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 952 dialysis-free patients who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) between 2015 and 2017, including 476 premorbid long-term (> 1 month) ACEi/ARB users. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for age, gender, comorbidities, and disease severity. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of AKI during hospitalization, and the secondary endpoint was mortality or dialysis within 1 year. Results Compared with non-users, the ACEi/ARB users were not associated with an increased AKI risk during hospitalization [66.8% vs. 70.4%; hazard ratio (HR): 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97-1.32, p = 0.126]. However, the ACEi/ARB users with sepsis (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.60, p = 0.021) or hypotension (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14, p = 0.034) were found to have an increased AKI risk in subgroup analysis. Nevertheless, compared with the non-users, the ACEi/ARB users were associated with a lower incidence of mortality or dialysis within 1 year (log-rank p = 0.011). Conclusions Premorbid ACEi/ARB usage did not increase the incidence of AKI, and was associated with a lower 1-year mortality and dialysis rate in patients admitted to ICUs. Regarding the results of subgroup analysis, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade may still be safe and beneficial in the absence of sepsis or circulation failure. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Shang-Feng Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Yi-Lin Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Jiun-Yu Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Healthcare and Services Center
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kulthinee S, Tasanarong A, Franco M, Navar LG. Interaction of Angiotensin II AT1 Receptors with Purinergic P2X Receptors in Regulating Renal Afferent Arterioles in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11413. [PMID: 37511174 PMCID: PMC10380633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension, Ang II activates angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) on renal vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to renal vasoconstriction with eventual glomerular and tubular injury and interstitial inflammation. While afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction is initiated by the increased intrarenal levels of Ang II activating AT1R, the progressive increases in arterial pressure stimulate the paracrine secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), leading to the purinergic P2X receptor (P2XR)-mediated constriction of afferent arterioles. Thus, the afferent arteriolar tone is maintained by two powerful systems eliciting the co-existing activation of P2XR and AT1R. This raises the conundrum of how the AT1R and P2XR can both be responsible for most of the increased renal afferent vascular resistance existing in angiotensin-dependent hypertension. Its resolution implies that AT1R and P2XR share common receptor or post receptor signaling mechanisms which converge to maintain renal vasoconstriction in Ang II-dependent hypertension. In this review, we briefly discuss (1) the regulation of renal afferent arterioles in Ang II-dependent hypertension, (2) the interaction of AT1R and P2XR activation in regulating renal afferent arterioles in a setting of hypertension, (3) mechanisms regulating ATP release and effect of angiotensin II on ATP release, and (4) the possible intracellular pathways involved in AT1R and P2XR interactions. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that P2X1R, P2X7R, and AT1R actions converge at receptor or post-receptor signaling pathways but that P2XR exerts a dominant influence abrogating the actions of AT1R on renal afferent arterioles in Ang II-dependent hypertension. This finding raises clinical implications for the design of therapeutic interventions that will prevent the impairment of kidney function and subsequent tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Adis Tasanarong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Suh SH, Oh TR, Choi HS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Oh KH, Yoo TH, Chae DW, Kim SW. Association between urinary chloride excretion and progression of coronary artery calcification in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease: results from the KNOW-CKD study. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:251-261. [PMID: 36908202 PMCID: PMC10085721 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine chloride has recently been suggested as a biomarker of renal tubule function in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), as low urinary chloride concentration is associated with an increased risk of CKD progression. We investigate the association between urinary chloride excretion and the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHODS A total of 1,065 patients with nondialysis CKD were divided into tertiles by spot urine chloride-to-creatinine ratios. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tertiles were defined as low, moderate, and high urinary chloride excretion, respectively. The study outcome was CAC progression, which was defined as an increase in coronary artery calcium score of more than 200 Agatston units during the 4-year follow-up period. RESULTS Compared to moderate urinary chloride excretion, high urinary chloride excretion was associated with decreased risk of CAC progression (adjusted odds ratio, 0.379; 95% confidence interval, 0.190-0.757), whereas low urinary chloride excretion was not associated with risk of CAC progression. Restricted cubic spine depicted an inverted J-shaped curve, with a significant reduction in the risk of CAC progression in subjects with high spot urine chloride-to-creatinine ratios. CONCLUSION High urinary chloride excretion is associated with decreased risk of CAC progression in patients with nondialysis CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryom Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - on behalf of the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) Investigators
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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7
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Dobrek L. A Synopsis of Current Theories on Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020325. [PMID: 36836682 PMCID: PMC9960203 DOI: 10.3390/life13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The overriding goal of the treatment of patients is its effectiveness and safety. However, all medications currently being used also exert some adverse pharmaceutical reactions, which may be regarded as an unintended but inevitable cost of pharmacotherapy. The kidney, as the main organ that eliminates xenobiotics, is an organ especially predisposed and vulnerable to the toxic effects of drugs and their metabolites during their excretion from the body. Moreover, some drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, cyclosporin A, cisplatin, amphotericin B, and others) have a "preferential" nephrotoxicity potential, and their use is associated with an increased risk of kidney damage. Drug nephrotoxicity is, therefore, both a significant problem and a complication of pharmacotherapy. It should be noted that, currently, there is no generally recognized definition of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and no clear criteria for its diagnosis. This review briefly describes the epidemiology and diagnosis of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and characterizes its pathomechanisms, including immunological and inflammatory disturbances, altered kidney blood flow, tubulointerstitial injury, increased lithogenesis-crystal nephropathy, rhabdomyolysis, and thrombotic microangiopathy. The study also lists the basic drugs with nephrotoxicity potential and provides a short overview of the preventive methods for reducing the risk of drug-related kidney damage developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Dobrek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Gan Y, Feng Y, Zhou X, Li H, Wang G, Aini M, Shu J, Tu D. Serum levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children with Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00933-x. [PMID: 36344782 PMCID: PMC10390598 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) has replaced rheumatic fever as the main cause of acquired heart disease in Japanese, American, and Chinese children. Polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme may be associated with susceptibility to KD, but the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with vascular endothelial injury in KD and the possibility for prognosis of vascular injury in KD by evaluating changes in serum ACE2 have not yet been assessed. Thus, this study aimed to investigate ACE2 levels in patients with KD to further explore the relationship between ACE2 and vascular injury in KD. Blood samples were collected from 49 children with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and 28 healthy children in the same period as the control group. Clinical data were collected from the patients and serum ACE2 levels of all participants were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum ACE2 levels were significantly higher in the KD group than in the control group, and were negatively correlated with platelet levels in patients with KD. Serum ACE2 levels are related to the pathogenesis of KD and may be used as a potential serum marker for KD diagnosis.
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Yang T. Potential of soluble (pro)renin receptor in kidney disease: can it go beyond a biomarker? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F507-F514. [PMID: 36074917 PMCID: PMC9602801 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00202.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR), also termed ATPase H+-transporting accessory protein 2 (ATP6AP2), is a type I transmembrane receptor and is capable of binding and activating prorenin and renin. Apart from its association with the renin-angiotensin system, PRR has been implicated in diverse developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes. Within the kidney, PRR is predominantly expressed in the distal nephron, particularly the intercalated cells, and activation of renal PRR contributes to renal injury in various rodent models of chronic kidney disease. Moreover, recent evidence demonstrates that PRR is primarily cleaved by site-1 protease to produce 28-kDa soluble PRR (sPRR). sPRR seems to mediate most of the known pathophysiological functions of renal PRR through modulating the activity of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and provoking proinflammatory and profibrotic responses. Not only does sPRR activate renin, but it also directly binds and activates the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the roles and mechanisms of sPRR in the context of renal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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10
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Monteiro LM, Barbosa CF, Lichtenecker DCK, Argeri R, Gomes GN. Maternal fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation: Later effects on renal function. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15470. [PMID: 36117297 PMCID: PMC9483175 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption has been associated with hypertension and metabolic disorders and can alter physiological adaptations during pregnancy, with long-term detrimental consequences. This study evaluated in post-weaning mothers the effects of increased fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on blood pressure and renal function. Female Wistar rats were assigned to one of four experimental groups: non-pregnant control (NPC); pregnant control (PC); non-pregnant fructose (NPF), and pregnant fructose (PF). Control rats had free access to food and water, while the fructose groups had free access to food and to a 20% fructose solution, over the time period of the experiment. The systolic BP and renal function parameters were measured at the end of the experimental period, one week after weaning (28 days after delivery). The results were presented as means ± standard error. Higher values of BP were observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant rats treated with fructose compared to control. Creatinine clearance was reduced only in the PF group; however, both the PF and NPF groups had reduced Na+ and K+ excretions. In the PF group, there was also glomerular enlargement and changes in the media/lumen (M/L) ratio of interlobular arteries. Additionally, the PF group showed increased macrophage infiltration and expression of alpha-SM-actin and reduced expression of nitric-oxide-synthase endothelial in renal tissue. These findings suggest that the association of high fructose intake with pregnancy aggravated kidney changes that persisted for up to four weeks after delivery, which may represent a risk factor for maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Celine F. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Debora C. K. Lichtenecker
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Rogério Argeri
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Guiomar N. Gomes
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
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Yang T. Revisiting the relationship between (Pro)Renin receptor and the intrarenal RAS: focus on the soluble receptor. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:351-357. [PMID: 35703290 PMCID: PMC9286065 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The (pro)renin receptor (PRR), also termed as ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2 (ATP6AP2), was originally cloned as a specific receptor for prorenin and renin [together called (pro)renin]. Given the wide tissue distribution of PRR, PRR was further postulated to act as a regulator of tissue renin. However, assigning a physiological role of PRR within the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been challenging largely due to its pleotropic functions in regulation of embryogenesis, autophagy, and H+ transport. The current review will summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of sPPR within the intrarenal RAS as well as those outside this local system. RECENT FINDINGS Site-1 protease (S1P) is a predominant source of sPPR at least in the kidney. So far most of the known physiological functions of PRR including renal handling of electrolytes and fluid and blood pressure are mediated by sPRR. In particular, sPRR serves as a positive regulator of collecting duct renin to activate the intrarenal RAS during water deprivation or angiotensin-II (AngII) infusion. However, PRR/sPRR can act in renin-independent manner under other circumstances. SUMMARY S1P-derived sPRR has emerged as a key regulator of kidney function and blood pressure and its relationship with the intrarenal RAS depends on the physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Yang
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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12
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Amelioration of Hypertension by Oryeongsan through Improvements of Body Fluid and Sodium Balance: Roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9159292. [PMID: 35722149 PMCID: PMC9200506 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9159292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oryeongsan (Wulingsan in China and Goreisan in Japan), a formula composed of five herbal medicines, has long been used for the treatment of imbalance of the body fluid homeostasis in Asian countries. However, the mechanism by which Oryeongsan (ORS) improves the impaired body fluid and salt metabolism is not clearly defined. The present study was performed to define the role of the cardiorenal humoral system in the ORS-induced changes in blood pressure and renal function in hypertension. Experiments were performed in normotensive and two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Changes in the fluid and salt balance were measured in rats individually housed in metabolic cages. Changes in the systemic and local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and cardiac natriuretic peptide hormone system (NPS) were evaluated. ORS water extract was administered by oral gavage (100 mg/kg daily) for 3 weeks. ORS induced diuresis and natriuresis along with an increase in glomerular filtration rate and downregulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) and aquaporin 2 expression in the renal cortex and medulla, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with ORS significantly decreased systolic blood pressure with contraction of body sodium and water accumulation in hypertensive rats. ORS-induced changes were accompanied by modulation of the RAS and NPS, downregulation of the systemic RAS and cardiorenal expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor, and upregulation of the plasma ANP concentration and cardiorenal expression of ANP, ACE2, Mas receptor, and AT2 receptor. These findings indicate that ORS induces beneficial effects on the high blood pressure through modulation of the RAS and NPS of the cardiorenal system, suppression of the prohypertensive ACE-AT1 receptor pathway and NHE3, accentuation of the antihypertensive ACE2-Mas axis/AT2 receptor pathway in the kidney, suppression of the systemic RAS, and elevation of the plasma ANP levels and its synthesis in the heart. The present study provides a biological basis for the use of ORS in the treatment of impaired volume and pressure homeostasis.
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13
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Ferrario CM, Groban L, Wang H, Sun X, VonCannon JL, Wright KN, Ahmad S. The renin–angiotensin system biomolecular cascade: a 2022 update of newer insights and concepts. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2022; 12:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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Wang Y, Zhao P, Li N, Dong Z, Lin L, Liu J, Liang S, Wang Q, Tang J, Luo Y. A Study on Correlation between Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters and Pathological Features of Diabetic Nephropathy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:228-236. [PMID: 34789402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters and histopathological features in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Sixty-two patients with DN (44 men, mean age: 52.61 ± 10.63 y) were enrolled. They underwent renal biopsy for DN at the Department of Ultrasound, PLA Hospital, between May 2017 and February 2020. Renal tissue was obtained by ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy. CEUS was performed, and time-intensity curves (TICs) and renal perfusion parameters were analyzed. Differences in CEUS parameters were analyzed according to the glomerular classification and interstitial fibrosis-tubular atrophy (IFTA) score. Continuous variables were evaluated using the analysis of variance or Mann-Whitney U-test. Discontinuous variables were compared with the χ2-test. Spearman correlation analyses evaluated associations among quantitative ultrasound perfusion parameters and histopathological characteristics. Peak enhancement (PE), wash-in rate (WiR), wash-in perfusion index (WiPI) and wash-out rate (WoR) of the cortex, and their cortex/medulla ratios, decreased with increasing glomerular classification grade (p < 0.05). The fall time (FT) of the cortex, and their cortex/medulla ratios, increased with increasing glomerular classification grade (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the CEUS parameters for different IFTA scores. The perfusion volume-relevant parameters (such as PE, WiR and WiPI) had a negative correlation (p < 0.05), while the perfusion time-relevant parameters (such as RT and FT) had a positive correlation (p < 0.05), with the severity of glomerular lesions, glomerulosclerosis rate and number of Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions. The CEUS parameters of the cortex could reflect pathological characteristics, especially changes in glomerular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaona Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyuan Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
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15
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Kanamitsu T, Kohagura K, Zamami R, Nakamura T, Oshiro N, Miyagi T, Nakamura K, Ohya Y. Association of urinary angiotensinogen with renal arteriolar remodeling in chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens 2022; 40:650-657. [PMID: 35102088 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might be associated with arteriolar remodeling. The present study aimed to explore the hitherto unknown relationship between renal RAS and renal arteriolar remodeling and to elucidate whether altered renal RAS subsequently affects renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS In this retrospective study, patients with various CKDs not using RAS inhibitors who underwent renal biopsy were included in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) levels and wall/lumen ratio (WLR) were determined to evaluate renal RAS and renal arteriolar remodeling, respectively. The association between ln(UAGT) and ln(WLR) was cross-sectionally examined using a liner regression model. Furthermore, the association of ln(UAGT) with subsequent changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year were longitudinally examined in the largest subgroup of patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. RESULTS In the overall cohort (n = 54), the median age, blood pressures, eGFR, and WLR were 37 years, 120/73 mmHg, 85 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 0.93, respectively. Ln(UAGT) was significantly and positively associated with ln(WLR) even after adjusting for classical and nonclassical clinical renal risk factors. In patients with IgA nephropathy, higher ln(UAGT) was associated with higher ln(WLR). Ln(UAGT) also tended to be associated with a greater decline in eGFR per year over a median period of 8.7 years, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION In patients with CKD, renal RAS might be associated with renal arteriolar remodeling and future decline in eGFR, independent of potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kanamitsu
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of the Ryukyus Okinawa Daiichi Hospital Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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16
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Basuli D, Parekh RU, White A, Thayyil A, Sriramula S. Kinin B1 Receptor Mediates Renal Injury and Remodeling in Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:780834. [PMID: 35118089 PMCID: PMC8804098 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.780834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many readily available therapies, hypertensive kidney disease remains the second most prevalent cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes, and continues to burden patient populations and escalate morbidity and mortality rates. Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) activation has been shown to have a role in the development of hypertension, one of the major etiologies for chronic kidney disease. However, the role of B1R in hypertension induced renal injury and remodeling remains unexplored. Using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive mouse model, we investigated whether B1R deficiency reduces hypertensive renal injury and fibrosis. To further recognize the translational role of B1R, we examined the expression of B1R and its correlation with collagen deposition in renal biopsies from control and hypertensive kidney disease patients. Our data indicates that renal B1R expression was upregulated in the kidneys of DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. Genetic ablation of B1R protected the mice from DOCA-salt-induced renal injury and fibrosis by preventing inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney. Cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells expressed B1R and stimulation of B1R with an agonist resulted in increased oxidative stress. In human kidney biopsy samples, we found that the B1R immunoreactivity was not only significantly increased in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive patients, but also there is a positive correlation between B1R expression and renal fibrosis levels. Taken together, our results identify a critical role of B1R in the development of inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debargha Basuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Rohan Umesh Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Acacia White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Abdullah Thayyil
- Department of Pathology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Srinivas Sriramula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Srinivas Sriramula
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17
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Artemieva KA, Nizyaeva NV, Baev OR, Romanov AY, Khlestova GV, Boltovskaya MN, Shchegolev AI, Kakturskiy LV. Regulation of the Placental Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 507:256-263. [PMID: 36580212 PMCID: PMC9928934 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922060011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and symptoms of multiple organ failure, which are detected de novo after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the first to recognize pregnancy and is an important regulator of blood pressure. The placenta has its own RAAS, the role of which in the development of PE is not fully understood. In this work, for the first time, we characterized the expression of RAAS components and miRNAs controlling it in the placenta at various times of PE manifestation. The data obtained will allow the development of a new strategy in the future for the search for therapeutic agents for patients suffering from PE and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Artemieva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. V. Nizyaeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - O. R. Baev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Yu. Romanov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. V. Khlestova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. N. Boltovskaya
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. I. Shchegolev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. V. Kakturskiy
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Sakaki Y, Urushihara M, Nagai T, Fujioka K, Kondo S, Kinoshita Y, Hattori T, Kagami S. Urinary angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and disease activity in pediatric IgA nephropathy. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 68:292-296. [PMID: 34759147 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background : Our previous studies demonstrated that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) status was activated in pediatric patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the kidney is associated with the development of pediatric IgA nephropathy. Methods : We analyzed urinary ACE2 levels and ACE2 expression in the kidney tissues of pediatric patients with IgA nephropathy treated with RAS blockade. Paired tests were used to analyze changes from the first to the second biopsy. Results : Urinary ACE2 levels were significantly decreased after RAS blockade treatment, accompanied by decreased ACE2 expression levels in kidney tissues, urinary protein levels and mesangial hypercellularity scores. Urinary ACE2 levels at the first biopsy were positively correlated with the ACE2 expression levels. Conclusions : These data suggest that urinary ACE2 is associated with ACE2 expression in the diseased kidney, which correlates with the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy in pediatric patients. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 292-296, August, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Scicences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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19
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Avila-Carrasco L, García-Mayorga EA, Díaz-Avila DL, Garza-Veloz I, Martinez-Fierro ML, González-Mateo GT. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Natural Plant Compounds in Kidney Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206096. [PMID: 34684678 PMCID: PMC8541433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The blockade of the progression or onset of pathological events is essential for the homeostasis of an organism. Some common pathological mechanisms involving a wide range of diseases are the uncontrolled inflammatory reactions that promote fibrosis, oxidative reactions, and other alterations. Natural plant compounds (NPCs) are bioactive elements obtained from natural sources that can regulate physiological processes. Inflammation is recognized as an important factor in the development and evolution of chronic renal damage. Consequently, any compound able to modulate inflammation or inflammation-related processes can be thought of as a renal protective agent and/or a potential treatment tool for controlling renal damage. The objective of this research was to review the beneficial effects of bioactive natural compounds on kidney damage to reveal their efficacy as demonstrated in clinical studies. Methods: This systematic review is based on relevant studies focused on the impact of NPCs with therapeutic potential for kidney disease treatment in humans. Results: Clinical studies have evaluated NPCs as a different way to treat or prevent renal damage and appear to show some benefits in improving OS, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity, therefore making them promising therapeutic tools to reduce or prevent the onset and progression of KD pathogenesis. Conclusions: This review shows the promising clinical properties of NPC in KD therapy. However, more robust clinical trials are needed to establish their safety and therapeutic effects in the area of renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (I.G.-V.); (M.L.M.-F.)
- Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (E.A.G.-M.); (D.L.D.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-492-8926556
| | - Elda Araceli García-Mayorga
- Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (E.A.G.-M.); (D.L.D.-A.)
| | - Daisy L. Díaz-Avila
- Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (E.A.G.-M.); (D.L.D.-A.)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (I.G.-V.); (M.L.M.-F.)
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (I.G.-V.); (M.L.M.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe T González-Mateo
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Molecular Biology Research, Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Li SS, Sun Q, Hua MR, Suo P, Chen JR, Yu XY, Zhao YY. Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719880. [PMID: 34483931 PMCID: PMC8415231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling is induced, and β-catenin is activated, associated with the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Wnt/β-catenin controls the expression of various downstream mediators such as snail1, twist, matrix metalloproteinase-7, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, transient receptor potential canonical 6, and renin-angiotensin system components in epithelial cells, fibroblast, and macrophages. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin is usually intertwined with other signaling pathways to promote renal interstitial fibrosis. Actually, given the crucial of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrogenesis, blocking this signaling may benefit renal interstitial fibrosis. There are several antagonists of Wnt signaling that negatively control Wnt activation, and these include soluble Fzd-related proteins, the family of Dickkopf 1 proteins, Klotho and Wnt inhibitory factor-1. Furthermore, numerous emerging small-molecule β-catenin inhibitors cannot be ignored to prevent and treat renal fibrosis. Moreover, we reviewed the knowledge focusing on anti-fibrotic effects of natural products commonly used in kidney disease by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation, downstream targets, role, and mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrosis pathogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway to treat renal fibrosis; this may shed new insights into effective treatment strategies to prevent and treat renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Suo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Joo YS, Kim J, Park CH, Yun HR, Park JT, Chang TI, Yoo TH, Sung SA, Lee J, Oh KH, Kim SW, Kang SW, Choi KH, Ahn C, Han SH. Urinary chloride concentration and progression of chronic kidney disease: results from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:673-680. [PMID: 31848615 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary chloride is regulated by kidney transport channels, and high urinary chloride concentration in the distal tubules can trigger tubuloglomerular feedback. However, little attention has been paid to urinary chloride as a biomarker of clinical outcomes. Here, we studied the relationship between urinary chloride concentration and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. METHODS We included 2086 participants with CKD from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Patients were categorized into three groups, according to baseline urinary chloride concentration tertiles. The study endpoint was a composite of ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline values, or end-stage kidney disease. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 3.4 years (7452 person-years), 565 participants reached the primary endpoint. There was a higher rate of CKD progression events in the lowest and middle tertiles than in the highest tertile. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile was associated with 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.90] lower risk for the primary outcome in a cause-specific hazard model after adjustment for confounding variables. In addition, for every 25 mEq/L increase in urinary chloride concentration, there was 11% (95% CI 0.83-0.96) lower risk for CKD progression. This association was consistent in a time-varying model. Urinary chloride concentration correlated well with tubule function and kidney injury markers, and its predictive performance for CKD progression was comparable to that of these markers. CONCLUSIONS In this hypothesis-generating study, low urinary chloride concentration was associated with a higher risk for CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Su Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ik Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Department of Prevention and Management, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Sparks MA, Dilmen E, Ralph DL, Rianto F, Hoang TA, Hollis A, Diaz EJ, Adhikari R, Chew G, Petretto EG, Gurley SB, McDonough AA, Coffman TM. Vascular control of kidney epithelial transporters. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F1080-F1092. [PMID: 33969697 PMCID: PMC8285646 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00084.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A major pathway in hypertension pathogenesis involves direct activation of ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors in the kidney, stimulating Na+ reabsorption. AT1 receptors in tubular epithelia control expression and stimulation of Na+ transporters and channels. Recently, we found reduced blood pressure and enhanced natriuresis in mice with cell-specific deletion of AT1 receptors in smooth muscle (SMKO mice). Although impaired vasoconstriction and preserved renal blood flow might contribute to exaggerated urinary Na+ excretion in SMKO mice, we considered whether alterations in Na+ transporter expression might also play a role; therefore, we carried out proteomic analysis of key Na+ transporters and associated proteins. Here, we show that levels of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 2 (NKCC2) and Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) are reduced at baseline in SMKO mice, accompanied by attenuated natriuretic and diuretic responses to furosemide. During ANG II hypertension, we found widespread remodeling of transporter expression in wild-type mice with significant increases in the levels of total NaCl cotransporter, phosphorylated NaCl cotransporter (Ser71), and phosphorylated NKCC2, along with the cleaved, activated forms of the α- and γ-epithelial Na+ channel. However, the increases in α- and γ-epithelial Na+ channel with ANG II were substantially attenuated in SMKO mice. This was accompanied by a reduced natriuretic response to amiloride. Thus, enhanced urinary Na+ excretion observed after cell-specific deletion of AT1 receptors from smooth muscle cells is associated with altered Na+ transporter abundance across epithelia in multiple nephron segments. These findings suggest a system of vascular-epithelial in the kidney, modulating the expression of Na+ transporters and contributing to the regulation of pressure natriuresis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The use of drugs to block the renin-angiotensin system to reduce blood pressure is common. However, the precise mechanism for how these medications control blood pressure is incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice lacking angiotensin receptors specifically in smooth muscle cells lead to alternation in tubular transporter amount and function. Thus, demonstrating the importance of vascular-tubular cross talk in the control of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Renal Section, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emre Dilmen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donna L Ralph
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fitra Rianto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thien A Hoang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alison Hollis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edward J Diaz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rishav Adhikari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriel Chew
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Enrico G Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Renal Section, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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23
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Kratky V, Vanourkova Z, Sykora M, Bacova BS, Hruskova Z, Kikerlova S, Huskova Z, Kopkan L. AT 1 receptor blocker, but not an ACE inhibitor, prevents kidneys from hypoperfusion during congestive heart failure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4271. [PMID: 33608612 PMCID: PMC7896062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure-induced renal dysfunction, we compared the effects of ACE inhibitor (ACEi) and AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) on systemic and kidney hemodynamics during heart failure in normotensive HanSD and hypertensive transgenic (TGR) rats. High-output heart failure was induced by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF). After five weeks, rats were either left untreated or treatment with ACEi or ARB was started for 15 weeks. Subsequently, echocardiographic, renal hemodynamic and biochemical measurements were assessed. Untreated ACF rats with ACF displayed significantly reduced renal blood flow (RBF) (HanSD: 8.9 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.6; TGR: 10.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 ml/min, both P < .001), ACEi had no major RBF effect, whereas ARB completely restored RBF (HanSD: 5.6 ± 1.1 vs. 9.0 ± 1.5; TGR: 7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 1.9 ml/min, both P < .001). RBF reduction in untreated and ACEi-treated rats was accompanied by renal hypoxia as measured by renal lactate dehydrogenase activity, which was ameliorated with ARB treatment (HanSD: 40 ± 4 vs. 42 ± 3 vs. 29 ± 5; TGR: 88 ± 4 vs. 76 ± 4 vs. 58 ± 4 milliunits/mL, all P < .01). Unlike improvement seen in ARB-treated rats, ACE inhibition didn’t affect urinary nitrates compared to untreated ACF TGR rats (50 ± 14 vs. 22 ± 13 vs. 30 ± 13 μmol/mmol Cr, both P < .05). ARB was more effective than ACEi in reducing elevated renal oxidative stress following ACF placement. A marker of ACEi efficacy, the angiotensin I/angiotensin II ratio, was more than ten times lower in renal tissue than in plasma. Our study shows that ARB treatment, in contrast to ACEi administration, prevents renal hypoperfusion and hypoxia in ACF rats with concomitant improvement in NO bioavailability and oxidative stress reduction. The inability of ACE inhibition to improve renal hypoperfusion in ACF rats may result from incomplete intrarenal RAS suppression in the face of depleted compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Hruskova
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kikerlova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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24
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Urushihara M, Kondo S, Kinoshita Y, Ozaki N, Jamba A, Nagai T, Fujioka K, Hattori T, Kagami S. (Pro)renin receptor promotes crescent formation via the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F571-F578. [PMID: 32830537 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00250.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has multiple functions, but its regulation and role in the pathogenesis in glomerulonephritis (GN) are poorly defined. The aims of the present study were to determine the effects of direct renin inhibition (DRI) and demonstrate the role of (P)RR on the progression of crescentic GN. The anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis rat model developed progressive proteinuria (83.64 ± 10.49 mg/day) and glomerular crescent formation (percent glomerular crescent: 62.1 ± 2.3%) accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration and glomerular expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, (P)RR, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, Wnt4, and active β-catenin. Treatment with DRI ameliorated proteinuria (20.33 ± 5.88 mg/day) and markedly reduced glomerular crescent formation (20.9 ± 2.6%), induction of macrophage infiltration, (P)RR, phospho-ERK1/2, Wnt4, and active β-catenin. Furthermore, primary cultured parietal epithelial cells stimulated by recombinant prorenin showed significant increases in cell proliferation. Notably, while the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or (P)RR-specific siRNA treatment abolished the elevation in cell proliferation, DRI treatment did not abrogate this elevation. Moreover, cultured mesangial cells showed an increase in prorenin-induced MCP-1 expression. Interestingly, (P)RR or Wnt4-specific siRNA treatment or the β-catenin antagonist XAV939 inhibited the elevation of MCP-1 expression, whereas DRI did not. These results suggest that (P)RR regulates glomerular crescent formation via the ERK1/2 signaling and Wnt/β-catenin pathways during the course of anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis and that DRI mitigates the progression of crescentic GN through the reduction of (P)RR expression but not inhibition of prorenin binding to (P)RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ariunbold Jamba
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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25
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Kulthinee S, Shao W, Franco M, Navar LG. Purinergic P2X 1 receptor, purinergic P2X 7 receptor, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor interactions in the regulation of renal afferent arterioles in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1400-F1408. [PMID: 32308022 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00602.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In ANG II-dependent hypertension, ANG II activates ANG II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs), elevating blood pressure and increasing renal afferent arteriolar resistance (AAR). The increased arterial pressure augments interstitial ATP concentrations activating purinergic P2X receptors (P2XRs) also increasing AAR. Interestingly, P2X1R and P2X7R inhibition reduces AAR to the normal range, raising the conundrum regarding the apparent disappearance of AT1R influence. To evaluate the interactions between P2XRs and AT1Rs in mediating the increased AAR elicited by chronic ANG II infusions, experiments using the isolated blood perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation allowed visualization of afferent arteriolar diameters (AAD). Normotensive and ANG II-infused hypertensive rats showed AAD responses to increases in renal perfusion pressure from 100 to 140 mmHg by decreasing AAD by 26 ± 10% and 19 ± 4%. Superfusion with the inhibitor P2X1Ri (NF4490; 1 μM) increased AAD. In normotensive kidneys, superfusion with ANG II (1 nM) decreased AAD by 16 ± 4% and decreased further by 19 ± 5% with an increase in renal perfusion pressure. Treatment with P2X1Ri increased AAD by 30 ± 6% to values higher than those at 100 mmHg plus ANG II. In hypertensive kidneys, the inhibitor AT1Ri (SML1394; 1 μM) increased AAD by 10 ± 7%. In contrast, treatment with P2X1Ri increased AAD by 21 ± 14%; combination with P2X1Ri plus P2X7Ri (A438079; 1 μM) increased AAD further by 25 ± 8%. The results indicate that P2X1R, P2X7R, and AT1R actions converge at receptor or postreceptor signaling pathways, but P2XR exerts a dominant influence abrogating the actions of AT1Rs on AAR in ANG II-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Weijian Shao
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," México City, México
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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26
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Verschuren EHJ, Castenmiller C, Peters DJM, Arjona FJ, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Sensing of tubular flow and renal electrolyte transport. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:337-351. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Hoareau GL, Williams TK, Davidson AJ, Russo RM, Ferencz SAE, Neff LP, Grayson JK, Stewart IJ, Johnson MA. Endocrine Effects of Simulated Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion in a Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock. Mil Med 2020; 184:e298-e302. [PMID: 30371879 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low distal aortic flow via partial aortic occlusion (AO) may mitigate ischemia induced by resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). We compared endocrine effects of a novel simulated partial AO strategy, endovascular variable aortic control (EVAC), with simulated REBOA in a swine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aortic flow in 20 swine was routed from the supraceliac aorta through an automated extracorporeal circuit. Following liver injury-induced hemorrhagic shock, animals were randomized to control (unregulated distal flow), simulated REBOA (no flow, complete AO), or simulated EVAC (distal flow of 100-300 mL/min after 20 minutes of complete AO). After 90 minutes, damage control surgery, resuscitation, and full flow restoration ensued. Critical care was continued for 4.5 hours or until death. RESULTS Serum angiotensin II concentration was higher in the simulated EVAC (4,769 ± 624 pg/mL) than the simulated REBOA group (2649 ± 429) (p = 0.01) at 180 minutes. There was no detectable difference in serum renin [simulated REBOA: 231.3 (227.9-261.4) pg/mL; simulated EVAC: 294.1 (231.2-390.7) pg/mL; p = 0.27], aldosterone [simulated EVAC: 629 (454-1098), simulated REBOA: 777 (575-1079) pg/mL, p = 0.53], or cortisol (simulated EVAC: 141 ± 12, simulated REBOA: 127 ± 9 ng/mL, p = 0.34) concentrations between groups. CONCLUSIONS Simulated EVAC was associated with higher serum angiotensin II, which may have contributed to previously reported cardiovascular benefits. Future studies should evaluate the renal effects of EVAC and the concomitant therapeutic use of angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume L Hoareau
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA
| | - Timothy K Williams
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of Surgery, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anders J Davidson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of General Surgery, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA
| | - Rachel M Russo
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of General Surgery, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA
| | | | - Lucas P Neff
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of Surgery, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA
| | - J Kevin Grayson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA
| | - Ian J Stewart
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD
| | - M Austin Johnson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA
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28
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HIF-1α contributes to Ang II-induced inflammatory cytokine production in podocytes. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:59. [PMID: 31623681 PMCID: PMC6796393 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that changed expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in epithelial cells from the kidney could affect the renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). As Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a critical active effector in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and was proved to be closely related to the inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, researchers found that Ang II could alter the expression of HIF-1α in the kidney. However, whether HIF-1α is involved in mediating Ang II-induced inflammatory injury in podocytes is not clear. METHODS Ang II perfusion animal model were established to assess the potential role of HIF-1α in renal injury in vivo. Ang II stimulated podocytes to observe the corresponding between HIF-1α and inflammatory factors in vitro. RESULTS The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1 and TNF-α was increased in the glomeruli from rats treated with Ang II infusion compared with control rats. Increased HIF-1α expression in the glomeruli was also observed in Ang II-infused rats. In vitro, Ang II upregulated the expression of HIF-1α in podocytes. Furthermore, knockdown of HIF-1α by siRNA decreased the expression of MCP-1 and TNF-α. Moreover, HIF-1α siRNA significantly diminished the Ang II-induced overexpression of HIF-1α. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggest that HIF-1α participates in the inflammatory response process caused by Ang II and that downregulation of HIF-1α may be able to partially protect or reverse inflammatory injury in podocytes.
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29
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Sankhe R, Kinra M, Mudgal J, Arora D, Nampoothiri M. Neprilysin, the kidney brush border neutral proteinase: a possible potential target for ischemic renal injury. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:88-99. [PMID: 31532266 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1669246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neprilysin (NEP) is an endogenously induced peptidase for modulating production and degradation of various peptides in humans. It is most abundantly present in kidney and regulates the intrinsic renal homeostatic mechanism. Recently, drugs inhibiting NEP have been approved for the use in heart failure. In the context of increased prevalence of ischemia associated renal failure, NEP could be an attractive target for treating kidney failure. In the kidney, targeting NEP may possess potential benefits as well as adverse consequences. The unfavorable outcomes of NEP are mainly attributed to the degradation of the natriuretic peptides (NPs). NPs are involved in the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and activation of the sympathetic system contributing to the tubular and glomerular injury. In contrary, NEP exerts the beneficial effect by converting angiotensin-1 (Ang I) to angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), thus activating MAS-related G-protein coupled receptor. MAS receptor antagonizes angiotensin type I receptor (AT-1R), reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation, thus ameliorating renal injury. However, the association of NEP with complex cascades of renal ischemia remains vague. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the putative mechanism of NEP and its overlap with other signaling cascades in conditions of renal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manas Kinra
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Devinder Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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30
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Davis GK, Intapad S, Newsome AD, Coats LE, Bamrick DR, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Androgen Receptor Blockade Differentially Regulates Blood Pressure in Growth-Restricted Versus Ovarian Deficient Rats. Hypertension 2019; 74:975-982. [PMID: 31378101 PMCID: PMC6739128 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension in women by age 60; yet, the mechanisms involved are unknown. We previously reported that hypertension in female growth-restricted offspring that is associated with early reproductive senescence and a shift in the testosterone-to-estradiol ratio at 12 months of age is abolished by AR (androgen receptor) blockade in conjunction with downregulation of renal AT1aR (angiotensin type 1a receptor) mRNA expression. These data suggest androgen-mediated activation of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension that develops in female growth-restricted offspring with aging. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that androgen-mediated increased blood pressure is specific to female growth-restricted offspring. Control and growth-restricted rats underwent sham or ovariectomy at 10 months of age. Vehicle or flutamide (8 mg/kg/day; subcutaneous), an AR antagonist, was administered at 11.5 months of age for 2 weeks followed by measurement of blood pressure. Loss of ovarian hormones was associated with a 10 mm Hg increase in blood pressure in control compared with intact counterparts accompanied by a 1.8-fold increase in renal AT1aR mRNA expression. Treatment with flutamide had no effect on blood pressure or renal AT1aR mRNA expression in ovariectomized controls. Although blood pressure was significantly decreased in flutamide-treated ovariectomized growth-restricted, flutamide had no effect on the increase in renal AT1aR mRNA expression. Therefore, these findings suggest the effect of AR blockade on blood pressure is specific to intact growth-restricted offspring and that mechanisms of postmenopausal hypertension may differ between normal and low birth weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn K Davis
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (S.I.)
| | - Ashley D Newsome
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Laura E Coats
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Daniel R Bamrick
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics (N.B.O.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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31
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Zhang C, He X, Murphy SR, Zhang H, Wang S, Ge Y, Gao W, Williams JM, Geurts AM, Roman RJ, Fan F. Knockout of Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase 5 Protects Against Hypertension-Induced Renal Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:206-217. [PMID: 31118214 PMCID: PMC6636243 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is a member of the tyrosine-threonine phosphatase family with the ability to dephosphorylate and inactivate extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). The present study investigates whether knockout (KO) of Dusp5 improves renal hemodynamics and protects against hypertension-induced renal injury. The renal expression of DUSP5 was reduced, and the levels of phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2 and p-protein kinase C (PKC) α were elevated in the KO rats. KO of Dusp5 enhanced the myogenic tone of the renal afferent arteriole and interlobular artery in vitro with or without induction of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and PKC diminished the myogenic response to a greater extent in Dusp5 KO rats. Autoregulation of renal blood flow was significantly impaired in hypertensive wild-type (WT) rats but remained intact in Dusp5 KO animals. Proteinuria was markedly decreased in hypertensive KO versus WT rats. The degree of glomerular injury was reduced, and the expression of nephrin in the glomerulus was higher in hypertensive Dusp5 KO rats. Renal fibrosis and medullary protein cast formation were attenuated in hypertensive Dusp5 KO rats in association with decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and MMP9. These results indicate that KO of Dusp5 protects against hypertension-induced renal injury, at least in part, by maintaining the myogenic tone of the renal vasculature and extending the range of renal blood flow autoregulation to higher pressures, which diminish glomerular injury, protein cast formation, macrophage infiltration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in the kidney. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is a tyrosine-threonine phosphatase that inactivates extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). We previously reported that knockout (KO) of Dusp5 enhanced the myogenic response and autoregulation in the cerebral circulation. The present study investigates whether KO of DUSP5 improves renal hemodynamics and protects against hypertension-induced renal injury. Downregulation of DUSP5 enhanced the myogenic tone of renal arteriole and artery and autoregulation of renal blood flow in association with reduced proteinuria, glomerular injury, and interstitial fibrosis after the induction of hypertension. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and protein kinase C diminished the myogenic response to a greater extent in Dusp5 KO rats. These results suggest that DUSP5 might be a viable drug target for the treatment of hypertension nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Sydney R Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
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Kinguchi S, Wakui H, Azushima K, Haruhara K, Koguchi T, Ohki K, Uneda K, Matsuda M, Haku S, Yamaji T, Yamada T, Kobayashi R, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Yamashita A, Fujikawa T, Tamura K. Effects of ATRAP in Renal Proximal Tubules on Angiotensin-Dependent Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012395. [PMID: 30977419 PMCID: PMC6507205 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that ATRAP (angiotensin II receptor-associated protein; Agtrap) interacts with AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) and promotes constitutive internalization of AT 1R so as to inhibit hyperactivation of its downstream signaling. In response to angiotensin II , systemic ATRAP deficiency exacerbates angiotensin II -mediated hypertension via hyperactivation of renal tubular AT 1R. Although ATRAP expression is abundant in renal proximal tubules, little is known about the actual function of renal proximal tubule ATRAP in angiotensin-mediated hypertension. Methods and Results In this study, we examined the in vivo functional role of renal proximal tubule ATRAP in angiotensin-dependent hypertension. We succeeded in generating proximal tubule-specific ATRAP knockout ( PT - KO ) mice for the first time using the Cre/loxP system with Pepck-Cre. Detailed analysis of renal ATRAP expression in PT - KO mice estimated by immunohistochemical and laser-capture microdissection analysis revealed that ATRAP mRNA expression decreased by ≈80% in proximal regions of the nephron in PT - KO mice compared with wild-type ( WT ) mice. We compared blood pressure of PT - KO and WT mice using both tail-cuff and radiotelemetric methods. Blood pressure of PT - KO mice was comparable with that of WT mice at baseline. Moreover, no significant differences were noted in pressor response to angiotensin II (600 ng/kg per min or 1000 ng/kg per minute) infusion between PT - KO and WT mice. In addition, angiotensin II -mediated cardiac hypertrophy was identical between PT - KO and WT mice. Conclusions ATRAP deficiency in proximal tubules did not exacerbate angiotensin-dependent hypertension in vivo. The results indicate that renal proximal tubule ATRAP has a minor role in angiotensin-dependent hypertension in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kinguchi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan.,2 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- 4 Center for Health Service Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
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Rahman A, Hasan AU, Kobori H. Melatonin in chronic kidney disease: a promising chronotherapy targeting the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:920-923. [PMID: 30760889 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-2 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Arif Ul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-2 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-2 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
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Enhanced remedial effects for vitamin D3 and calcium co-supplementation against pre-existing lead nephrotoxicity in mice: The roles of renal calcium homeostatic molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:512-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Lumbers ER, Delforce SJ, Arthurs AL, Pringle KG. Causes and Consequences of the Dysregulated Maternal Renin-Angiotensin System in Preeclampsia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:563. [PMID: 31551925 PMCID: PMC6746881 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy pregnancy outcome depends on the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as a regulated, integrated response to the growing demands of the conceptus. Both the circulating RAAS and the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (iRAS) play major roles in cardiovascular function and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The circulating RAAS becomes dysfunctional in preeclampsia and we propose that dysregulation of the iRAS plays a role in development of the clinical syndrome known as preeclampsia. Experimental studies in animals have shown that placental renin, when released into the maternal circulation, can cause hypertension. We postulate that abnormal placental development is associated with over-secretion of renin and other RAS proteins/angiotensin (Ang) peptides by the placenta/decidua into the maternal circulation. We hypothesise that this is because of increased shedding of exosomes and other placental particles into the maternal circulation that not only contain RAS proteins and peptides but also microRNAs (miRNAs) that target RAS mRNAs, and Ang II type 1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1R-AAs), that are agonists for, and have the same actions as, Ang II. As a result, there is both suppression of the circulating RAAS that is responsible for maintaining maternal homeostasis and activation of the iRAS. Together with altered vascular reactivity to Ang peptides, the iRAS causes hypertension, renal damage and secondary changes in the neurohumoral control of the maternal circulation and fluid and electrolyte balance, which contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie R. Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Eugenie R. Lumbers
| | - Sarah J. Delforce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
| | - Anya L. Arthurs
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kirsty G. Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
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Rein JL, Coca SG. "I don't get no respect": the role of chloride in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F587-F605. [PMID: 30539650 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00130.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health problem that complicates 10-40% of hospital admissions. Importantly, AKI is independently associated with increased risk of progression to chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular events, and increased risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality. The chloride content of intravenous fluid has garnered much attention over the last decade, as well as its association with excess use and adverse outcomes, including AKI. Numerous studies show that changes in serum chloride concentration, independent of serum sodium and bicarbonate, are associated with increased risk of AKI, morbidity, and mortality. This comprehensive review details the complex renal physiology regarding the role of chloride in regulating renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, tubuloglomerular feedback, and tubular injury, as well as the findings of clinical research related to the chloride content of intravenous fluids, changes in serum chloride concentration, and AKI. Chloride is underappreciated in both physiology and pathophysiology. Although the exact mechanism is debated, avoidance of excessive chloride administration is a reasonable treatment option for all patients and especially in those at risk for AKI. Therefore, high-risk patients and those with "incipient" AKI should receive balanced solutions rather than normal saline to minimize the risk of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Rein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
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37
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Enhanced angiotensinogen expression in neonates during kidney development. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 23:537-543. [PMID: 30353264 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that preterm neonates have higher urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) levels than full-term neonates. Here, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced neonatal AGT expression is associated with intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) status during kidney development. METHODS We prospectively recruited neonates born at our hospital and healthy children with minor glomerular abnormalities between April 2013 and March 2017. We measured neonatal plasma and urinary AGT levels at birth and 1 year later and assessed renal AGT expression in kidney tissues from neonates and healthy children using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. RESULTS Fifty-four neonates and eight children were enrolled. Although there were no changes in plasma AGT levels, urinary AGT levels were significantly decreased 1 year after birth. Urinary AGT levels at birth were inversely correlated with gestational age, and urinary AGT levels at birth and 1 year later were inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate 1 year after birth. IHC analysis showed that renal AGT expression in neonates was higher than that in healthy children and inversely correlated with gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced AGT expression and urinary AGT excretion may reflect intrarenal RAS activation associated with kidney development in utero.
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Kohagura K, Arima H, Miyasato H, Chang TH, Yamazato M, Kobori H, Nishiyama A, Iseki K, Ohya Y. Add-On Effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade (Candesartan) on Clinical Remission in Active IgA Nephropathy Patients Treated with Steroid Pulse Therapy and Tonsillectomy: a Randomized, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:780-792. [PMID: 29794482 PMCID: PMC6019550 DOI: 10.1159/000489914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be beneficial for clinical remission during conventional therapy with tonsillectomy and steroid pulse (TSP) for active IgA nephropathy. METHODS Seventy-seven patients with active IgA nephropathy were randomly assigned to the control arm with conventional regimen (TSP followed by oral prednisolone) (n = 37) or the ARB arm with conventional regimen plus ARB candesartan for the first 6 months (n = 40). Patients not achieving proteinuria remission at 12 months in either arm were administered candesartan, which was titrated until the 24-month follow-up. The primary endpoints were remission of proteinuria (< 0.3 g/gCr) and hematuria at 12 months. RESULTS Baseline proteinuria (g/g Cr) were comparable between the control and ARB arm (1.02 vs. 0.97, P = 0.97). Similarly, cumulative remission rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were comparable between the control and ARB arms (37.8% vs. 35% [P = 0.80], 48.7% vs. 38.5% [P = 0.37], 71.4% vs. 51.3% [P = 0.08]). Proteinuria, which was slightly worse in the control arm than in the ARB arm at 6 months, was comparable afterwards (0.20 vs. 0.23 g/g Cr at 12 months; 0.12 vs. 0.13 g/g Cr at 24 months). Significant reductions observed in urinary angiotensinogen were almost comparable between the two treatment arms at both 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSION Early candesartan treatment combined with TSP may not benefit clinical remission regardless of the blood pressure. ARB titration later during the treatment might provide benefit for patients with active IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kohagura
- Dialysis Unit, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan,
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan,
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Ohya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Waldman BM, Augustyniak RA, Chen H, Rossi NF. Effects of voluntary exercise on blood pressure, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and renal function in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Integr Blood Press Control 2017; 10:41-51. [PMID: 29238217 PMCID: PMC5713705 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s147122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous dynamic exercise promotes sympathoinhibition and decreases arterial pressure in two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Renal sympathetic nerves stimulate renin secretion and increase renal tubular sodium reabsorption. We hypothesized that daily voluntary wheel running exercise by 2K-1C rats will decrease mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone as well as normalize urinary sodium and potassium excretion independent of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Five-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats underwent sham clipping (Sham) or right renal artery clipping (2K-1C). Rats were randomized to standard caging (SED) or cages with running wheels (EX). After 12 weeks, rats were assigned to either collection of aortic blood for measurement of Ang II and aldosterone or assessment of inulin clearances and excretory function. Running distances were comparable in both EX groups. MAP was lower in 2K-1C EX vs 2K-1C SED rats (P<0.05). Plasma Ang II and aldosterone were significantly higher in 2K-1C SED rats and decreased in 2K-1C EX rats to levels similar to Sham SED or Sham EX rats. Clipped kidney weights were significantly lower in both 2K-1C groups, but GFR and urine flow rates were no different from right and left kidneys among the four groups. Total and fractional sodium excretion rates from the unclipped kidney of 2K-1C SED rats were higher vs either Sham group (P<0.05). Values in 2K-1C EX rats were similar to the Sham groups. Potassium excretion paralleled sodium excretion. These studies show that voluntary dynamic exercise in 2K-1C rats decreases plasma Ang II and aldosterone, which contribute to the lower arterial pressure without deleterious effects on GFR. The effects on sodium excretion underscore the impact of pressure natriuresis despite elevated plasma Ang II and aldosterone in sedentary 2K-1C rats. In contrast, potassium excretion is primarily regulated by circulating aldosterone and distal sodium delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Waldman
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Robert A Augustyniak
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Carolinas, Spartanburg, SC
| | - Haiping Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Noreen F Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Internal Medicine, John D Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Urushihara M, Kagami S. Role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in the progression of renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:1471-1479. [PMID: 27380400 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has many well-documented pathophysiologic functions in both blood pressure regulation and renal disease development. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major bioactive product of the RAS. It induces inflammation, renal cell growth, mitogenesis, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation. In addition, Ang II regulates the gene expression of bioactive substances and activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in renal damage. Activation of the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor pathway results in the production of proinflammatory mediators, intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis, which in turn facilities renal injury. Involvement of angiotensinogen (AGT) in intrarenal RAS activation and development of renal disease has previously been reported. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that the urinary excretion rates of AGT provide a specific index of the intrarenal RAS status. Enhanced intrarenal AGT levels have been observed in experimental models of renal disease, supporting the concept that AGT plays an important role in the development and progression of renal disease. In this review, we focus on the role of intrarenal RAS activation in the pathophysiology of renal disease. Additionally, we explored the potential of urinary AGT as a novel biomarker of intrarenal RAS status in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Lacy ER, Reale E. A unique juxtaglomerular apparatus in the river ray, Potamotrygon humerosa, a freshwater stingray. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ahn YM, Choi YH, Yoon JJ, Lee YJ, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Oleanolic acid modulates the renin-angiotensin system and cardiac natriuretic hormone concomitantly with volume and pressure balance in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:231-241. [PMID: 28514645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is known to possess beneficial effects on the regulation of the cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the exact nature of the role of oleanolic acid on the regulation of body fluid balance and blood pressure homeostasis and its mechanisms involved are not well defined. Experiments were performed to identify the effects of oleanolic acid on the renin-angiotensin system and cardiac natriuretic hormone (ANP) system, and also renal function and blood pressure in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. The change in the plasma levels of hormones and the expressions of renin, angiotensin II receptors, ANP, natriuretic peptide receptor-C, M2 muscarinic receptor and GIRK4 were determined in the kidney, heart and aorta. Oleanolic acid was administered orally for 1 or 3 weeks. Here, we found that oleanolic acid suppressed plasma levels of renin activity and aldosterone and intrarenal levels of renin and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression and increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Also, oleanolic acid increased plasma levels of ANP. Further, oleanolic acid suppressed angiotensin II type 1 receptor and natriuretic peptide receptor-C expression and increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor and ANP expression in the heart and aorta. Along with these changes, oleanolic acid accentuated urinary volume, electrolyte excretion and glomerular filtration rate in normotensive rats and suppressed arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that beneficial effects of oleanolic acid on the cardiorenal system are closely associated with its roles on the renin-angiotensin system and cardiac natriuretic hormone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Mee Ahn
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Choi
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Cho
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea.
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Total renal denervation reduces sympathoexcitation to different target organs in a model of chronic kidney disease. Auton Neurosci 2017; 204:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tempaku PF, Tufik S, Hirotsu C. Commentary: Stress Signal Network between Hypoxia and ER Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 28487661 PMCID: PMC5403942 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nagai T, Urushihara M, Kinoshita Y, Jamba A, Kondo S, Kagami S. Differential regulation of angiotensin II-induced extracellular signal regulated kinase-1/2 and -5 in progressive glomerulonephritis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:950-958. [PMID: 26624246 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ERK5 are key kinases of the signalling pathways involved in various cellular responses to kidney injury; however, the mechanistic links between those kinase and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activations in glomerulonephritis (GN) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we sought to clarify the potential roles of ERK1/2 and ERK5 via RAS activation in the pathogenesis of GN. METHODS A rat model of progressive GN was induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) injection and the signal transduction pathway in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced glomerular pathologic alterations were investigated in primary cultured mesangial cells (MCs). RESULTS Rats developed typical cellular crescents in glomeruli on day 7 that progressed to severe fibrocellular crescents and glomerulosclerosis on day 28. Strong expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was observed on day 7 and phospho-ERK5 expression was markedly increased on day 28 of GN. An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) suppressed those augmentations. Moreover, ARB treatment attenuated the increases in macrophage infiltration and PCNA-positive cells observed on day 7 in GN rats, as well as the increase in collagen type 1 expression on day 28. Consistently, MCs stimulated by Ang II showed significant increases in proliferation and the expression of MCP-1 and collagen type 1. Interestingly, while the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 abolished the elevations in MCP-1 expression and cell proliferation, the ERK5 inhibitor BIX02189 abrogated the elevation in collagen type 1 expression. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data suggest that ERK1/2 regulates acute inflammatory reactions, while ERK5 promotes the development of RAS-induced chronic glomerular fibrosis activation in GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ariunbold Jamba
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Urushihara M, Kobori H. Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activation in end-stage renal disease. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:351-352. [PMID: 28179627 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou L, Liu Y. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and renin-angiotensin system in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:100-6. [PMID: 26808707 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intrarenal activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, how RAS genes are regulated in vivo was poorly understood until recently. This review focuses on recent findings of the transcriptional regulation of RAS components, as well as their implication in developing novel strategies to treat the patients with CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Bioinformatics analyses have uncovered the presence of putative binding sites for T-cell factor/β-catenin in the promoter region of all RAS genes. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies confirm that Wnt/β-catenin is the master upstream regulator that controls the expression of all RAS components tested, such as angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme and the angiotensin II type I receptor in the kidney. Targeted inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin, by either small molecule ICG-001 or endogenous Wnt antagonist Klotho, represses RAS activation and ameliorates proteinuria and kidney injury. Blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling also normalizes blood pressure in a mouse model of CKD. SUMMARY These recent studies identify Wnt/β-catenin as the master regulator that controls multiple RAS genes, and suggest that targeting this upstream signaling could be an effective strategy for the treatment of patients with hypertension and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- aState Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China bDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Acute eprosartan-induced intrarenal vasodilation in hypertensive humans is not influenced by dietary sodium intake or angiotensin II co-infusion. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1607-14. [PMID: 27214088 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) is thought to play an important role in the development of hypertension. Nevertheless, knowledge on the angiotensin II type-1-receptors (AT1Rs) in the hypertensive kidney and the influence of sodium intake and renin-angiotensin system activity on intrarenal AT1R blockade is scarce. To improve our understanding of renal AT1Rs in hypertensive patients, we studied the effects of acute, local administration of AT1R-blocker eprosartan in kidneys of patients with essential hypertension (off medication). METHOD In 73 hypertensive patients who were scheduled for diagnostic renal angiography, we measured renal blood flow (Xenon washout method) before and during intrarenal infusion of two incremental doses of eprosartan (3 and 10 μg/kg/min for 15 min per dose). We hypothesized that the vasodilatory effects of eprosartan would be enhanced by low sodium intake and would be reduced during Ang II co-infusion. Therefore, we allocated the patients to either a high or a low sodium diet and coinfused Ang II (1 ng/kg/min) in a subgroup. RESULTS Eprosartan infusion resulted in intrarenal vasodilation in all groups. No differences in the magnitude of this effect were found between the groups. No correlation was found between 24-h urinary sodium excretion (a proxy for dietary sodium intake) and the effect of eprosartan. CONCLUSION Eprosartan-induced vasodilation is not influenced by sodium intake and/or co-infusion of Ang II. These rather unexpected findings could be explained by differences between circulating and tissue Ang II levels, variations in AT1R expression, and/or stimulation of other vasodilatory pathways.
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Minas JN, Thorwald MA, Conte D, Vázquez-Medina JP, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Angiotensin and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates cardiac oxidative stress in angiotensin II-infused rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:1178-88. [PMID: 26234762 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone contribute to hypertension, oxidative stress and cardiovascular damage, but the contributions of aldosterone during Ang II-dependent hypertension are not well defined because of the difficulty to assess each independently. To test the hypothesis that during Ang II infusion, oxidative and nitrosative damage is mediated through both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: (i) control; (ii) Ang II infused (80 ng/min × 28 days); (iii) Ang II + AT1 receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg losartan/kg per day × 21 days); (iv) Ang II + mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist (Epl; 100 mg eplerenone/day × 21 days); and (v) Ang II + ARB + Epl (Combo; × 21 days). Both ARB and combination treatments completely alleviated the Ang II-induced hypertension, whereas eplerenone treatment only prolonged the onset of the hypertension. Eplerenone treatment exacerbated the Ang II-mediated increase in plasma and heart aldosterone 2.3- and 1.8-fold, respectively, while ARB treatment reduced both. Chronic MR blockade was sufficient to ameliorate the AT1-mediated increase in oxidative damage. All treatments normalized protein oxidation (nitrotyrosine) levels; however, only ARB and Combo treatments completely reduced lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal) to control levels. Collectively, these data suggest that receptor signalling, and not the elevated arterial blood pressure, is the principal culprit in the oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular damage in Ang II-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N Minas
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Max A Thorwald
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Debra Conte
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa Medical University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Polymorphisms at the F12 and KLKB1 loci have significant trait association with activation of the renin-angiotensin system. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:21. [PMID: 26969407 PMCID: PMC4788869 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Plasma coagulation Factor XIIa (Hageman factor; encoded by F12) and kallikrein (KAL or Fletcher factor; encoded by KLKB1) are proteases of the kallikerin-kinin system involved in converting the inactive circulating prorenin to renin. Renin is a key enzyme in the formation of angiotensin II, which regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance and is a biomarker for cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function. The renin-angiotensin system is implicated in extinction learning in posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods & Results Active plasma renin was measured from two independent cohorts- civilian twins and siblings, as well as U.S. Marines, for a total of 1,180 subjects. Genotyping these subjects revealed that the carriers of the minor alleles at the two loci- F12 and KLKB1 had a significant association with reduced levels of active plasma renin. Meta-analyses confirmed the association across cohorts. In vitro studies verified digestion of human recombinant pro-renin by kallikrein (KAL) to generate active renin. Subsequently, the active renin was able to digest the synthetic substrate angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I. Examination of mouse juxtaglomerular cell line and mouse kidney sections showed co-localization of KAL with renin. Expression of either REN or KLKB1 was regulated in cell line and rodent models of hypertension in response to oxidative stress, interleukin or arterial blood pressure changes. Conclusions The functional variants of KLKB1 (rs3733402) and F12 (rs1801020) disrupted the cascade of enzymatic events, resulting in diminished formation of active renin. Using genetic, cellular and molecular approaches we found that conversion of zymogen prorenin to renin was influenced by these polymorphisms. The study suggests that the variant version of protease factor XIIa due to the amino acid substitution had reduced ability to activate prekallikrein to KAL. As a result KAL has reduced efficacy in converting prorenin to renin and this step of the pathway leading to activation of renin affords a potential therapeutic target.
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