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Zamora Auñón A, Guijo Alonso B, De Andrés Esteban EM, Argente J, Martos-Moreno GÁ. Predictors of adherence to follow-up and treatment success in childhood obesity. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:428-437. [PMID: 38834436 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Management of childhood obesity, based upon behavioural, physical activity and dietary guidance, usually achieves limited success and is hindered by a high attrition rate. The identification of potential predictors of either weight loss or early weight management attrition could help develop personalised management plans in order to improve patient outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study in a cohort of 1300 patients with obesity managed in speciality clinics for up to 5 years with outpatient conservative treatment. We studied the family background and personal characteristics (demographic, behavioural, psychosocial, anthropometric and metabolic) of patients who dropped out before completing the first year of the programme and patients who achieved significant weight loss, with a separate analysis of patients who achieved substantial reductions in weight compared to the rest of the cohort. RESULTS The mean age of the patients in the cohort was 10.46 years (SD, 3.48) the mean BMI z-score 4.01 (SD, 1.49); 52.8% of the patients were male, 53.3% were prepubertal, 75.8% were Caucasian and 19% Latin. We found a higher proportion of Latinla ethnicity and compulsive eating in the group of patients with early attrition from the weight management follow-up. In the group of patients with substantial weight loss, a greater proportion were male, there was a higher frequency of dietary intake control at home and obesity was more severe, and the latter factor was consistently observed in patients who achieved substantial weight loss at any point of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Some family and personal characteristics in childhood obesity are associated with an increased risk of early withdrawal from follow-up or a greater probability of successful outcomes; however, the predictive value of these variables is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamora Auñón
- Servicio de Pediatría y Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Guijo Alonso
- Servicio de Pediatría y Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María De Andrés Esteban
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Economía y Empresa, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Servicio de Pediatría y Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de alimentación IMDEA, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Servicio de Pediatría y Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Ferrin N, Elian A, Flewelling K, Nadeem M, Nava K, Berry SD, Stehlik K, Bella AK, Awad P, Alfred A, Ksajikian A, Chen K, Shebrain S. Psychologic assessment in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1922-1932. [PMID: 38332172 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological Clearance level (PCL) for patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a critical step for successful postoperative outcomes. This study aims to assess the relationship between the level of psychologic fitness and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing MBS. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent MBS (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy [LSG] and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass [LRYGB]) and completed two years follow-up, between 2012 and 2019, in a single medical center. The patients were divided into four groups based on PCL, suggesting level of readiness for surgery: Group A (PCL-0: guarded), group B (PCL-1: Fair/reasonable), group C (PCL-2: Good/appropriate), and group D (PCL-3: Strong/excellent). Primary outcome was the percent of total body weight loss (%TWL), and the absolute change in BMI units. Secondary outcomes were missed postoperative visits and patient compliance. Differences between the groups were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM), chi-squared and exact Fisher tests, as appropriate. RESULTS Of 1411 total patients, 607 (43.20%) had complete data at two years follow-up. 512 (84.34%) were females. LSG was performed in 361 (59.5%). No difference was found in %TWL between the four groups (22.14% vs. 28.0% vs. 26.0% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.118). We found a small difference in the mean (SD) of absolute change in BMI between the groups, and on post-hoc analysis it was found between groups B (PCL-1) and D (PCL-3). Overall, no difference between the groups in number of follow-up visits, or compliance issues. However, patients who attended more follow-up visits had less compliance issues (p < 0.001). PCL is inversely correlated with number of psychologic diagnoses (r = - 0.41, p < 0.001) and medical comorbidities (r = - 0.20, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found no difference in the percent of TWL in patients who underwent MBS based on PCL at two -years follow-up. Medical comorbidities and psychiatric diagnoses impact the PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Ferrin
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Alain Elian
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Ascension Borgess Hospital, 1717 Shaffer St #124, Kalamazoo, MI, 49048, USA.
| | - Kayla Flewelling
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Muhammed Nadeem
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kristofer Nava
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Shamsi Daneshvari Berry
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Stehlik
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Almontasser Kassier Bella
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Ascension Borgess Hospital, 1717 Shaffer St #124, Kalamazoo, MI, 49048, USA
| | - Peter Awad
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Alfred
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Andre Ksajikian
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Saad Shebrain
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Li K, Chen L, Wang K, Jiang X, Ji Y, Fang S, Wei H. Emotional problems mediate the association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37259044 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified as a risk factor for obesity in both children and adolescents. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between ADHD and obesity are still unclear. This study aimed to test a theoretical model of whether anxiety/depression is an intermediary factor in the ADHD-obesity relationship. METHODS Data were derived from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a principal source of information on the health of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. A total of 35,108 adolescents aged 12-17 years old from 2010-2015 NHIS and 2016-2018 NHIS representing 46,550,729 individuals in the weighted population, had a parent-reported previous ADHD diagnosis, emotional problems, and height and weight data. Mediation analyses were used to explore whether anxiety/depression is an intermediary factor in the relationship between ever having ADHD and obesity. Mediation analyses were performed using multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS The findings showed that ADHD was a predictor of obesity. This relationship was partially mediated by depression(2010-2015: β=0.28, 95%CI:0.13-0.43; 2016-2018: β=0.26, 95%CI:0.03-0.49), as well as anxiety (2010-2015: β=0.28, 95%CI:0.18-0.38). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the hypothetical role of depression and anxiety as underlying mechanisms in the association between ever having ADHD and obesity in adolescents. When treating children with ADHD, clinicians need to be particularly attentive to whether they show emotional problems and use interventions to eliminate anxiety/depression to protect against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Affiliated Hospital to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital(Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiting Ji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuanfeng Fang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Rossi V, Santero S, Bianchi A, Zuccotti G. Ultra-Processed Food, Reward System and Childhood Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050804. [PMID: 37238352 DOI: 10.3390/children10050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are a major public health problem globally. Diet quality is critical for proper child development, and an unhealthy diet is a preventable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in childhood may increase the BMI/BMI z-score, body fat percentage, or likelihood of overweight. A strict feeding regulation system allows for sufficient food to be consumed to meet ongoing metabolic demands while avoiding overconsumption. This narrative review explores the issues of obesity and the regulation of food intake related to reward systems and UPF consumption. Nutrient composition alone cannot explain the influence of UPFs on the risk of obesity. Furthermore, the non-nutritional properties of UPFs may explain the mechanisms underlying the relationship with obesity and NCDs. UPFs are designed to be highly palatable, appealing, and energy dense with a unique combination of the main taste enhancer ingredients to generate a strong rewarding stimulus and influence the circuits related to feeding facilitation. How individual UPF ingredients influence eating behavior and reward processes remains not fully elucidated. To increase the knowledge on the relationship between UPFs and pediatric obesity, it may be useful to limit the rapid growth in the prevalence of obesity and subsequent related complications, and to develop new strategies for appropriate food and nutrition policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, Istituti Clinici Salvatore Maugeri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Sscientifico, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Santero
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Bianchi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with anthropometric measurements and nutritional status in adolescents. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:368-376. [PMID: 36880734 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND adolescence is a critical period for developing healthy eating habits. It is crucial to evaluate and encourage adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a sustainable and healthy diet model in this age group. OBJECTIVE this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and anthropometric measurements and nutritional status in Turkish adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS the demographic characteristics, health information, nutritional habits, physical activity status, and 24-hour dietary recall of the adolescents were obtained with a questionnaire. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). RESULTS a total of 1,137 adolescents (mean age 14.0 ± 1.37 years) were included; 30.2 % of the boys and 39.5 % of the girls were overweight/obese. The median (interquartile range) value of the MSDPS was 10.7 (7.7), and this value was 11.0 (7.6) for the boys and 10.6 (7.4) for the girls (p > 0.05). The levels of protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, vitamin B12, iron, magnesium, zinc, and potassium intake increased with adherence to Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001). Age, parental education level, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skipping meals affected MSDPS. CONCLUSION adolescents' adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low and correlated with some anthropometric measures. Increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet may contribute to preventing obesity and adequate and balanced nutrition in adolescents.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030702. [PMID: 36771409 PMCID: PMC9918944 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are major contributors of free sugars to the diet. A strong relationship between SSB intake and weight gain is described. METHODS we performed a narrative review to present an overview of the role of SSBs as a pivotal contributor in the development of obesity and metabolism-related complications. RESULTS different factors influence SSB consumption in children, including economic variables, individual attributes and behaviors to environmental factors, parent features and parents' behaviors. Data suggest that SSB intake has a negative effect on weight and obesity-related diseases. The leading mechanism linking SSB intake to the risk of gaining weight is decreased satiety and incomplete compensatory reduction in energy intake at meals following ingestion of liquid calories. Additionally, the effects of SSBs on gut microbiota and on eating behaviors were also reported. An association between SSB intake, weight gain and cardiometabolic risks is evident. Consumption of SSBs had a significant impact on the prevalence of obesity and related metabolic risks, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Limiting consumption of SSBs and increasing knowledge of the effect of SSBs on early metabolic and cardiovascular disorders will be useful in developing strategies to counteract the problem and to prevent obesity and related complications.Key future research areas for which further studies are needed include investigating the long-term effects of SSBs on health outcomes as well as analyzing the health effects of sugar consumed in solid compared to liquid forms and further elucidating the biological mechanisms of sugar addiction and energy compensation.
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Yu Z, He F, Cai G, Wang M, Fu J. Relationships between Weight Perceptions and Suicidal Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents: Results from an Ongoing School-Based Survey in Zhejiang Province. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 13:bs13010008. [PMID: 36661580 PMCID: PMC9854802 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight perception has been implicated in suicidal behaviors among children and adolescents, yet little is known about the relationships in China. We examined the associations of self-perceived weight status and weight misperception with suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Data used in this analysis were from the 2017 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which included 17,359 middle and high school students aged 9 to 18 years. Information on perceived weight status, as well as the actual height, weight and other related traits, was extracted by a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suicidal behaviors associated with perceived weight status and weight misperception. RESULTS Overall, the mean (SD) age was 15.7 (1.6) years among the study participants. Students who perceived themselves as overweight were more likely to have increased suicidal ideation and attempts reports, with ORs of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09-1.37) and 1.32 (1.06-1.34), compared to those who perceive themselves as having about the right weight. Overestimated weight was significantly associated with greater odds of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03-1.27) and attempts (1.35, 1.10-1.65) relative to accurate weight perception. CONCLUSIONS Controlling for potential confounders, we found that both self-perception of overweight and overestimated perception were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- National Children’s Regional Medical Center, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Gaofeng Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-0571-87115104 (M.W.); +86-0571-88873013 (J.F.)
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- National Children’s Regional Medical Center, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-0571-87115104 (M.W.); +86-0571-88873013 (J.F.)
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Calcaterra V, Marin L, Vandoni M, Rossi V, Pirazzi A, Grazi R, Patané P, Silvestro GS, Carnevale Pellino V, Albanese I, Fabiano V, Febbi M, Silvestri D, Zuccotti G. Childhood Obesity and Incorrect Body Posture: Impact on Physical Activity and the Therapeutic Role of Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16728. [PMID: 36554608 PMCID: PMC9779104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various dysfunctions of the organism, including musculoskeletal problems. In this narrative review, we aim to consider postural problems in children and adolescents with obesity, focusing on the relationship with its negative impact on physical activity, and to discuss the role of exercise as a therapeutic approach. The body reacts to excess weight by changing its normal balance, and the somatosensory system of children with obesity is forced to make major adjustments to compensate for postural problems. These adaptations become more difficult and tiring if activities that require continuous postural changes and multi-tasking are engaged in. Children with obesity have less body control and functional ability due to the excess fat mass, which reduces their ability to perform motor skills and take part in physical activity. Appropriate early interventions for the management of musculoskeletal problems are needed to ensure healthy growth and to prevent comorbidities in childhood and adulthood. Prevention programs must be based not only on the reduction of body weight but also on the definition of correct postural habits from an early age. It is equally important to provide correct information on the types and doses of physical activity that can help prevent these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Rehabilitation, Città di Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Research Department-LJA-2021, Asomi College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Pirazzi
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Patané
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Research Department-LJA-2021, Asomi College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta
| | | | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Albanese
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Febbi
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARM), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Research Department-LJA-2021, Asomi College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Mari A, Casini F, Bergamaschi F, Zuccotti GV, Fabiano V. Medical treatment of weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106471. [PMID: 36174963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity remains one of the biggest health problems both in adults and children. Lifestyle modification, including diet and exercise, continues to be the mainstay of obesity prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, lifestyle modifications are often unsuccessful. Pharmacological treatment of obesity in pediatric patients can be applied in selected cases, and not before evidence of failure of the multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention. In this narrative review, we revised the most up-to-date evidence on medical treatment of weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity, including FDA- or EMA-approved and -experimented, not approved, drugs for pediatric population. Multidisciplinary treatment of childhood obesity, regulation of appetite control, energy balance and body weight were also discussed, in order to clarify the indications and mechanism action of drugs. Despite a substantial number of medications used for the treatment of obesity in adults, a limited number of drugs are approved by the drug regulatory agencies for pediatric population. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel pharmacological approaches for treatment of pediatric obesity in order to optimize weight management for children and adolescents and limit the development obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Casini
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obesity and Weight-Related Behaviors among Chinese Children: A Multi-Center Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183744. [PMID: 36145119 PMCID: PMC9504407 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-related lockdown measures have been affecting children’s weight status and weight-related behaviors, which are often associated with an increase in childhood obesity. However, large-scale longitudinal studies are lacking. Our study aimed to analyze changes in obesity and weight-related behaviors in Chinese children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide references for addressing the high prevalence of childhood obesity. A prospective multi-center longitudinal survey was conducted among Chinese children (n = 5963), collecting data on weight status, COVID-19-related measures, and lifestyle behaviors. Changes were assessed using t-tests and χ2 tests for paired samples, or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, according to the type and distribution of data. The Generalized Estimating Equations model was used to explore influential factors of obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 9.2% and 8.6% before the pandemic to 10.5% and 10.6% during the pandemic (p < 0.001), respectively. Daily physical activity, sleep duration, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption decreased while screen time increased. The results of the generalized estimating equations showed that ethnic minority, older age, less daily physical activity, reduced sleep duration, and longer screen time were positively associated with obesity. There is an intensifying trend of obesity in children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to which altered weight-related behaviors might have contributed largely. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, especially in social crises, should be highlighted to ease the burden of childhood obesity.
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12
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Fischer SV, Appel MH, Naliwaiko K, Pagliosa DD, Araújo DN, Capote AE, Oliveira BAC, Fernandes LC. Early introduction of exercise prevents insulin resistance in postnatal overfed rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11987. [PMID: 35857997 PMCID: PMC9296124 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood obesity increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases. We
examined the early introduction of exercise in small-litter obese-induced rats
(SL) on glucose metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue (AT) and soleus
muscle (SM). On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three
(SL). On day 22, rats were split into sedentary (S and SLS) and exercise (E and
SLE) groups. The rats swam three times/week carrying a load for 30 min. In the
first week, they swam without a load; in the 2nd week, they carried a load
equivalent to 2% of their body weight; from the 3rd week to the final week, they
carried a 5% body load. At 85 days of age, an insulin tolerance test was
performed in some rats. At 90 days of age, rats were killed, and blood was
harvested for plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triacylglycerol measurements.
Mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal, and brown adipose tissues were removed
and weighed. SM and AT were incubated in the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer,
5.5 mM glucose for 1 h with or without 10 mU/mL insulin. Comparison between the
groups was performed by 3-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey
post-hoc test. Sedentary, overfed rats had greater body
mass, more visceral fat, lower lactate production, and insulin resistance. Early
introduction of exercise reduced plasma cholesterol and contained the deposition
of white adipose tissue and insulin resistance. In conclusion, the early
introduction of exercise prevents the effects of obesity on glucose metabolism
in adulthood in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Fischer
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - M H Appel
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
| | - K Naliwaiko
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - D D Pagliosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - D N Araújo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - A E Capote
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - B A C Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - L C Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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13
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Benefits of Exercise in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148300. [PMID: 35886152 PMCID: PMC9315465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a serious health problem worldwide. Similarly, eating disorders (EDs) are complex diseases that affect adolescents with an increasing prevalence and are an alarming health concern to both physical and mental health. Traditionally, obesity and EDs, particularly binge eating disorder (BED), have been considered separate conditions, but there is emerging evidence such as etiology, comorbidities, risk factors, psychosocial impairment, and prevention approaches, highlighting important overlaps among these conditions. In youth, the two conditions share risk factors and consequences at both the physical and psychological levels, requiring special care. Exercise, useful as strategy to prevent and treat overweight conditions, may have beneficial effects on BED symptoms, suggesting that it may be considered as one of the key factors in the treatment of individuals affected by obesity with BED. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the bidirectional impact of obesity and BED in adolescents, in terms of risk factors, etiology and comorbid conditions. Specifically, we focused on the benefits of physical activity (PA) in the multidisciplinary treatment of subjects affected by obesity with BED. Even though additional research is needed to reach conclusions about the role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and comorbid BED, especially in adolescents, promising results have already suggested that closely monitored exercise is safe and, paired with cognitive behavioral therapy, may provide multiple benefits on both the physical and psychological levels. Tailored and integrated treatments for weight management and eating disorders are important to promptly and effectively treat obese subjects that have BED.
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14
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Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Children with Overweight and Obesity: The Future of Healthcare. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020176. [PMID: 35204897 PMCID: PMC8869912 DOI: 10.3390/children9020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Special Issue we will consider the impact of obesity on health in order to review the latest findings on the risk factors associated with cardiometabolic diseases in children with overweight and obesity as well as to explore the pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The role of weight-management strategies, including exercise, dietary changes and nutritional education, in preventing obesity-related complications will be considered. The improvement of many obesity-associated complications following bariatric surgery will also be reported. The timely implementation of preventive strategies in pediatric patients with overweight and obesity may ameliorate the future burden of weight-related diseases and the future of healthcare.
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15
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Kong S, Huang X, Cao H, Bai Y, Che Q, Nie H, Su Z. Anti-obesity effects of galacto-oligosaccharides in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 917:174728. [PMID: 34965390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are commonly used as prebiotic with a variety of known metabolic benefits; however, whether GOS plays a protective role in obesity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GOS prevented obesity in a rat model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Our results showed that GOS effectively slowed weight gain in diet-induced obese rats without affecting energy intake. GOS significantly suppressed the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue and markedly reduced the ratio of the fat/body. Consistently, GOS significantly improved serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, indicating the weight loss activity of GOS. Interestingly, GOS also significantly increased the expression levels of browning proteins, including uncoupling protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, and PR domain 16, in both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we found that GOS markedly increased the expression levels of liver X receptor α, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase proteins in the liver of obese rats. Taken together, we concluded that GOS inhibits obesity by accelerating the browning of white fat cells and the thermogenesis of brown fat cells and that GOS improves host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Kong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingjun Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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He D, Yan L, Zhang J, Li F, Wu Y, Su L, Chen P, Wu M, Choi J, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide attenuates high-sugar-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5590-5599. [PMID: 34646529 PMCID: PMC8498055 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is a major factor in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently, there is a lack of intervention or therapeutic drugs against NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the ability of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFPS) to reduce lipid accumulation induced by high sugar in HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The results indicated that SFPS significantly (p < .01) decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets in high sugar-induced HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SFPS also suppressed the expression of Srebp and Fas (genes involved in lipogenesis) and increased the expression of PPARɑ and Cpt1 (genes that participated in fatty acid β-oxidation) in these cells. SFPS markedly reduced the content of triglyceride of the third instar larvae developed from D. melanogaster eggs reared on the high-sucrose diet. The expression of the Srebp and Fas genes in the larvae was also inhibited whereas the expression of two genes involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, Acox57D-d and Fabp, was increased in the larval fat body (a functional homolog of the human liver). We also found that SFPS ameliorated developmental abnormalities induced by the high-sucrose diet. These results of this study suggest that SFPS could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea
| | - Liping Yan
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Laijin Su
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jong‐il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
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