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Hariri D, Bordas J, Elkins M, Gallay B, Spektor Z, Hod-Dvorai R. The Role of the Duffy Blood Group Antigens in Renal Transplantation and Rejection. A Mini Review. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11725. [PMID: 37901300 PMCID: PMC10603226 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Finding a compatible donor for kidney transplant candidates requires overcoming immunological barriers such as human leukocyte antigens (HLA) compatibility and ABO compatibility. Emerging data suggest a role for red blood cell antigens (RCA) in renal transplant outcomes. The incidence of RCA alloimmunization is high in chronically transfused individuals, such as end stage renal disease patients, but whether antibodies to RCA can mediate renal graft rejection remains debatable. The Duffy blood group antigens (Fy) has been shown to be expressed in the kidney, among other tissues. There are some data to suggest that donor-recipient Fy mismatches may increase the risk for chronic allograft damage and that anti-Fy antibodies may be involved in renal graft rejection, however, while it is routine to screen renal transplant candidates for ABO antigens, detailed RCA phenotyping of the donor kidney is not routinely tested. In this paper, we review the current data on the role of Fy in renal transplantation and discuss the potential mechanisms of its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hariri
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jozsef Bordas
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Elkins
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Brian Gallay
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Zhanna Spektor
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Reut Hod-Dvorai
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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2
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Lv K, Wu Y, Lai W, Hao X, Xia X, Huang S, Luo Z, Lv C, Qing Y, Song T. Simpson's paradox and the impact of donor-recipient race-matching on outcomes post living or deceased donor kidney transplantation in the United States. Front Surg 2023; 9:1050416. [PMID: 36700016 PMCID: PMC9869683 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Race is a prognostic indicator in kidney transplant (KT). However, the effect of donor-recipient race-matching on survival after KT remains unclear. Methods Using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, a retrospective study was conducted on 244,037 adults who received first-time, kidney-alone transplantation between 2000 and 2019. All patients were categorized into two groups according to donor-recipient race-matching, and the living and deceased donor KT (LDKT and DDKT) were analyzed in subgroups. Results Of the 244,037 patients, 149,600 (61%) were race-matched, including 107,351 (87%) Caucasian, 20,741 (31%) African Americans, 17,927 (47%) Hispanics, and 3,581 (25%) Asians. Compared with race-unmatching, race-matching showed a reduced risk of overall mortality and graft loss (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.87; and unadjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78-0.80, respectively). After propensity score-matching, donor-recipient race-matching was associated with a decreased risk of overall graft loss (P < 0.001) but not mortality. In subgroup analysis, race-matching was associated with higher crude mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.20 in LDKT and HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.09-1.14 in DDKT). However, race-matching was associated with a decreased risk of graft loss in DDKT (unadjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99), but not in LDKT. After propensity score-matching, race-matching had better outcomes for LDKT (patient survival, P = 0.047; graft survival, P < 0.001; and death-censored graft survival, P < 0.001) and DDKT (death-censored graft survival, P = 0.018). Nonetheless, race-matching was associated with an increased adjusted mortality rate in the DDKT group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Race-matching provided modest survival advantages after KT but was not enough to influence organ offers. Cofounding factors at baseline led to a contorted crude conclusion in subgroups, which was reversed again to normal trends in the combined analysis due to Simpson's paradox caused by the LDKT/DDKT ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Lv
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Lai
- Department of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaowei Hao
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Xinze Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhenjun Luo
- Affililated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Qing
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China,Correspondence: Tao Song Qing Yuan
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China,Correspondence: Tao Song Qing Yuan
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3
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Oncologic Anthropology: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding the Association Between Genetically Defined African Ancestry and Susceptibility for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-021-00426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Holt SG, Kotagiri P, Hogan C, Hughes P, Masterson R. The potential role of antibodies against minor blood group antigens in renal transplantation. Transpl Int 2020; 33:841-848. [PMID: 32619297 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood group antigens are red blood cell (RBC) surface markers comprising specific carbohydrate moieties attached to the glycolipids and glycoproteins within the membrane. In addition to the major ABO blood group antigens, at least 35 minor blood group antigens have been defined to date. These antigens have immunogenic potential and may cause a transfusion reaction. There is evidence for renal expression of antigens from the Kidd, MNS, Duffy and Lewis groups and therefore the potential for antibodies directed against these antigens to cross-react in a transplanted kidney. In individuals lacking a specific RBC antigen, antibodies may develop after de novo exposure to that antigen, in addition to the potential presence of pre-existing innate antibodies. Relatively little attention has been paid to non-ABO system antibodies, with most reports in the literature focusing on transfusion reactions rather than on any putative role in allograft rejection. Here, we review each of these antigens in the context of renal transplantation and what limited evidence there is on how such immunological risk may be assessed and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Holt
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prasanti Kotagiri
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Hogan
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Redcross, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Hughes
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosemary Masterson
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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The emerging role of red blood cells in cytokine signalling and modulating immune cells. Blood Rev 2019; 41:100644. [PMID: 31812320 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For many years red blood cells have been described as inert bystanders rather than participants in intercellular signalling, immune function, and inflammatory processes. However, studies are now reporting that red blood cells from healthy individuals regulate immune cell activity and maturation, and red blood cells from disease cohorts are dysfunctional. These cells have now been shown to bind more than 50 cytokines and have been described as a sink for these molecules, and the loss of this activity has been correlated with disease progression. In this review, we summarise what is currently understood about the role of red blood cells in cytokine signalling and in modulating the activity of immune cells. We also discuss the implications of these findings for transfusion medicine and in furthering our understanding of anaemia of chronic inflammation. By bringing these disparate units of work together, we aim to shine a light on an area that requires significantly more investigation.
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6
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Hereditary Susceptibility for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Associated With Western Sub-Saharan African Ancestry. Ann Surg 2019; 270:484-492. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Gómez-Moreno AZ, Pineda-Tenor D, Sánchez-Ruano JJ, Artaza-Varasa T, Martin-Vicente M, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Martínez I, Resino S. Impact of DARC rs12075 Variants on Liver Fibrosis Progression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: A Retrospective Study. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E143. [PMID: 30970632 PMCID: PMC6523653 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) rs12075 polymorphism regulates leukocyte trafficking and proinflammatory chemokine homeostasis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-mediated liver fibrosis is associated with an uncontrolled inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluate the association between the DARC rs12075 polymorphism and liver stiffness progression in HCV-infected patients. We carried out a retrospective cohort study (repeated measures design) in 208 noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who had at least two liver stiffness measurements (LSM) with a separation of at least 12 months. We used generalized linear models to analyze the association between DARC rs12075 polymorphism and outcome variables. During a follow-up of 46.6 months, the percentage of patients with stages of fibrosis F0/F1 decreased (p < 0.001), while LSM values and the percentage of patients with cirrhosis increased (p < 0.001). This pattern of changes was maintained in each of the groups of patients analyzed according to their rs12075 genotypes (AA or AG/GG). However, the variations in liver stiffness characteristics were lower in patients with the rs12075 AG/GG genotype (AG/GG versus AA). Thereby, in the adjusted analysis, patients with the rs12075 AG/GG genotype had a lower risk of an increased value of LSM2/LSM1 arithmetic mean ratio (AMR = 0.83; p = 0.001) and of an increase in LSM ≥ 5 kPa (odds ratio (OR) = 0.28; p = 0.009). Besides, patients with rs12075 AG/GG had a lower risk of cirrhosis progression (OR = 0.24; p = 0.009). No significant associations were found for an increase in LSM ≥ 10 kPa. We found an association between the DARC rs12075 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and CHC progression. Specifically, patients with the DARC rs12075 AG/GG genotype had a lower risk of liver fibrosis progression and development of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | | | - Daniel Pineda-Tenor
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital de Antequera, 29200 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | | | - María Martin-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
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Yao S, Hong CC, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Evans SS, Zhu Q, Schaefer BA, Yan L, Coignet MV, Lunetta KL, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Lee K, Bandera EV, Troester MA, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Olshan AF, Ambrosone CB. Genetic ancestry and population differences in levels of inflammatory cytokines in women: Role for evolutionary selection and environmental factors. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007368. [PMID: 29879116 PMCID: PMC5991662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection pressure due to exposure to infectious pathogens endemic to Africa may explain distinct genetic variations in immune response genes. However, the impact of those genetic variations on human immunity remains understudied, especially within the context of modern lifestyles and living environments, which are drastically different from early humans in sub Saharan Africa. There are few data on population differences in constitutional immune environment, where genetic ancestry and environment are likely two primary sources of variation. In a study integrating genetic, molecular and epidemiologic data, we examined population differences in plasma levels of 14 cytokines involved in innate and adaptive immunity, including those implicated in chronic inflammation, and possible contributing factors to such differences, in 914 AA and 855 EA women. We observed significant differences in 7 cytokines, including higher plasma levels of CCL2, CCL11, IL4 and IL10 in EAs and higher levels of IL1RA and IFNα2 in AAs. Analyses of a wide range of demographic and lifestyle factors showed significant impact, with age, education level, obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake, accounting for some, but not all, observed population differences for the cytokines examined. Levels of two pro-inflammatory chemokines, CCL2 and CCL11, were strongly associated with percent of African ancestry among AAs. Through admixture mapping, the signal was pinpointed to local ancestry at 1q23, with fine-mapping analysis refined to the Duffy-null allele of rs2814778. In AA women, this variant was a major determinant of systemic levels of CCL2 (p = 1.1e-58) and CCL11 (p = 2.2e-110), accounting for 19% and 40% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Our data reveal strong ancestral footprints in inflammatory chemokine regulation. The Duffy-null allele may indicate a loss of the buffering function for chemokine levels. The substantial immune differences by ancestry may have broad implications to health disparities between AA and EA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sharon S. Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Beverly A. Schaefer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Marie V. Coignet
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Kelvin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Subramaniyan R. Occurrence of five distinct red cell alloantibodies in a renal transplant recipient: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of minor histocompatibility antigens (Kidd and Duffy) for renal allograft outcome. APMIS 2017; 125:1129-1132. [PMID: 28960540 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Subramaniyan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Crowson CN, Reed RD, Shelton BA, MacLennan PA, Locke JE. Lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy lowers the risk of acute rejection in African American pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2017; 21. [PMID: 27699934 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of lymphocyte-depleting induction immunosuppression has been associated with a reduction in risk of AR after KT among adult recipients, particularly among high-risk subgroups such as AAs. However, data on induction regimen and AR risk are lacking among pediatric KT recipients. We examined outcomes among 7884 first-time pediatric KT recipients using SRTR data (2000-2014). Characteristics were compared across race using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Risk of AR was estimated using modified Poisson regression, stratified by recipient race, adjusting for recipient age, gender, BMI, primary diagnosis, number of HLA mismatches, maintenance immunosuppression, and donor type. Risk of AR within 1 year was lower in AA recipients receiving lymphocyte-depleting induction (ATG or alemtuzumab; RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52-0.83 P < .001) compared to AA recipients receiving anti-IL-2 receptor antibody induction. This difference was not seen in non-AA recipients receiving lymphocyte-depleting induction (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81-1.06, P = .26) compared to IL-2 induction. These findings support a role for lymphocyte-depleting induction agents in AA pediatric patients undergoing KT and continued use of IL-2 inhibitor induction in non-AA pediatric KT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole N Crowson
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rhiannon D Reed
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brittany A Shelton
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul A MacLennan
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayme E Locke
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Horuk R. The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines DARC/ACKR1. Front Immunol 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 26097477 PMCID: PMC4456859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Horuk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
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12
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Gralla J, Le CN, Cooper JE, Wiseman AC. The risk of acute rejection and the influence of induction agents in lower-risk African American kidney transplant recipients receiving modern immunosuppression. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:292-8. [PMID: 24476453 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While kidney transplant recipients of African American (AA) descent are frequently considered at increased risk of acute rejection, the value of induction therapy is not defined in settings of lower immunologic risk and modern immunosuppression. METHODS Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database, we identified 23,244 primary kidney transplant recipients with panel-reactive antibody (PRA) = 0% treated with TAC/MPA and prednisone from 2000 to 2008. We compared acute rejection, graft survival (GS), and patient survival rates among AA and non-AA and further stratified by induction therapy (none, IL2ra, or rATG). RESULTS One-yr acute rejection was higher in AA than in non-AA overall (14.5% vs. 9.9%, hazard ratio [HR] for acute rejection [AR] 1.43, p < 0.0001) and was higher regardless of induction agent use. Induction therapy was associated with a reduction in AR, but no benefit in GS in AA or non-AA. In AA, rATG (adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.81, CI 0.70-0.94) and IL2ra (adjusted RR 0.80, CI 0.68-0.93) were similarly effective in reducing AR rates, but did not reach comparable outcomes as in non-AA. CONCLUSION African Americans who are at otherwise lower immunologic risk have a higher risk of rejection despite modern immunosuppression. Depleting or non-depleting induction therapy similarly reduces but does not entirely mitigate this increased risk, with no impact on three-yr GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Gralla
- Transplant Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Correlation between Duffy blood group phenotype and breast cancer incidence. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:374. [PMID: 22928984 PMCID: PMC3503685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different ethnicities have different distribution of Duffy blood group (DBG) phenotypes and different breast cancer morbidity. A study in our lab demonstrated that Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC, also known as DBGP, the Duffy protein phenotype), led to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that DBGP is correlated with breast cancer occurrence. Methods DBGP proteins were examined by indirect antiglobulin testing with anti-FYa and anti-FYb antibodies. The phenotypes were classified into four groups according to the agglutination reactions: FYa + FYb+, FYa + FYb-, FYa-FYb + and FYa-FYb-. The phenotypes and pathological diagnosis of consecutively hospitalized female patients (n = 5,022) suffering from breast cancer at the Shanghai Cancer Hospital and Henan Province Cancer Hospital were investigated. The relationships between DBGP expression with breast cancer occurrence, axillary lymph status, histological subtype, tumor size pathological grade and overall survival were analyzed. Results The incidence of breast cancer was significantly different between FYa + FYb + (29.8%), FYa + FYb- (33.2%), FYa-FYb + (45.6%) and FYa-FYb- (59.1%; P = 0.001). Significant different numbers of breast cancer patients had metastases to the axillary lymph nodes in the FYa + FYb + group (25.1%), FYa + FYb- (36.9%), FYa-FYb + (41.0%) and FYa-FYb- (50.0%, (P = 0.005). There was a statistical significance (p = 0.022) of the overall survival difference between patients with difference phenotypes. No significant difference was observed in cancer size (t-test, p > 0.05), histological cancer type (Fisher's exact test, p > 0.05) or histological grade (Fisher's exact test, p > 0.05) between every each DBGP group. Conclusions DBGP is correlated with breast cancer incidence and axillary lymph node metastasis and overall survival. Further investigations are required to determine the underlying mechanism of Duffy blood group phenotype on breast cancer risk.
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Padiyar A, Hricik DE. Immune factors influencing ethnic disparities in kidney transplantation outcomes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 7:769-78. [PMID: 22014018 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An influence of ethnicity on the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients has been recognized for several decades. Both immune and nonimmune factors have been explored as potential explanations. Most studies have focused on the inferior outcomes of African-Americans. As a group, African-Americans differ from Caucasians with respect to a number of measurable components of the alloimmune response, including the T-cell repertoire and the expression and function of costimulatory molecules and various cytokines and chemokines. In general, these differences suggest that African-Americans may be high immune responders. However, no single difference in any of these components of alloimmunity satisfactorily explains the disparities in outcomes. It seems probable that some combination of immune factors interacts with nonimmune factors, such as socioeconomic resources, to influence transplant outcomes in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Padiyar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Transplantation Service, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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O'Boyle G, Ali S, Kirby J. Chemokines in transplantation: what can atypical receptors teach us about anti-inflammatory therapy? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 25:136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Chemokine receptors adorn the surface of leukocytes and other cell types ready to translate the extracellular chemokine environment into functional cellular outcomes. However, there are several molecules that, in many respects, look like chemokine receptors, but which do not have the ability to confer chemotactic potential to cell lines. This apparent silence spurred the search for signalling-independent functions and led to the development of new paradigms of chemokine regulation. In this review, we summarise the experimental basis for these ideas focussing on DARC and D6, the most studied members of this group of molecules. We discuss data generated using in vitro systems and genetically deficient mice, include results from observational human studies, and summarise the key findings of recent research. We take a critical look at current models of in vivo function highlighting important gaps in our knowledge and demonstrating that there is still much to find out about these enigmatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A H Hansell
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - Catherine E Hurson
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
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Malek SK, Keys BJ, Kumar S, Milford E, Tullius SG. Racial and ethnic disparities in kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 2010; 24:419-24. [PMID: 21166727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Success of renal transplantation, as a viable alternative to dialysis, has been tempered by long-standing racial disparities. Ethnic minorities have less access to transplantation, are less likely to be listed for transplantation, and experience a higher rate of graft failure. Reasons for the existing racial disparities at various stages of the transplantation process are complex and multi-factorial. They include a combination of behavioral, social, environmental, and occupational factors, as well as potential intended or unintended discrimination within the healthcare system. Immunologic factors such as human leukocyte antigen matching, composition of the organ donor pool, and patient immune response, all of which affect post-transplantation graft rejection rates and patient survival, also contribute to health disparities between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed K Malek
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (Darc) polymorphism regulates circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and other inflammatory mediators. Blood 2009; 115:5289-99. [PMID: 20040767 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-221382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the genetic basis of circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), we conducted genome-wide association analyses for MCP-1 in 3 independent cohorts (n = 9598). The strongest association was for serum MCP-1 with a nonsynonymous polymorphism, rs12075 (Asp42Gly) in DARC, the gene for Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, a known vascular reservoir of proinflammatory cytokines (minor allele frequency, 45.6%; P < 1.0 * 10(-323)). This association was supported by family-based genetic linkage at a locus encompassing the DARC gene (genome-wide P = 8.0 * 10(-13)). Asp42Gly accounted for approximately 20% of the variability in serum MCP-1 concentrations and also was associated with serum concentrations of interleukin-8 and RANTES. While exploring a lack of association between this polymorphism and EDTA plasma MCP-1 concentrations (P = .82), we determined that both clotting and exogenous heparan sulfate (unfractionated heparin) released substantial amounts of MCP-1 from Darc. Quantitative immunoflow cytometry failed to identify meaningful Asp42Gly-associated differences in Darc expression, suggesting that a functional change is responsible for the differential cytokine binding. We conclude that Asp42Gly is a major regulator of erythrocyte Darc-mediated cytokine binding and thereby the circulating concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines. We have also identified for the first time 2 mechanisms for the release of reservoir chemokines with possible clinical implications.
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Fleming JN, Taber DJ, Weimert NA, Egidi MF, McGillicuddy J, Bratton CF, Lin A, Chavin KD, Baliga PK. Comparison of efficacy of induction therapy in low immunologic risk African-American kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2009; 23:500-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shedding light on DARC: the role of the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines in inflammation, infection and malignancy. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:431-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Afenyi-Annan A, Kail M, Combs MR, Orringer EP, Ashley-Koch A, Telen MJ. Lack of Duffy antigen expression is associated with organ damage in patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 2008; 48:917-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Does Race Influence Outcomes after Primary Liver Transplantation? A 23-Year Experience with 2,700 Patients. J Am Coll Surg 2008; 206:1009-16; discussion 1016-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Therapeutic Interventions Favorably Influencing Delayed and Slow Graft Function in Kidney Transplantation: Mission Impossible? Transplantation 2008; 85:S31-7. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318169c548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Duffy receptor is a promiscuous receptor for chemokines and selectively binds CXC and CC chemokines with high affinity. Preclinical data show that presence of the Duffy receptor on red blood cells may influence plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and be protective during inflammation. This trial was designed to investigate the influence of the Duffy antigen on human inflammation in vivo. DESIGN Prospective, analyst-blinded clinical trial. PATIENTS A total of 32 healthy male volunteers: 16 Duffy-positive white subjects and 16 Duffy-negative subjects of African descent. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS All subjects received an intravenous bolus of 2 ng/kg endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). Cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors were quantified by enzyme immunoassay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and whole blood growth-related oncogen-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-8 messenger RNA increased similarly in both groups after lipopolysaccharide infusion. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 peak plasma levels were roughly two-fold higher in Duffy-positive subjects compared with Duffy-negative subjects (16 ng/mL vs. 7 ng/mL, p < .0001). Similarly, growth-related oncogen-alpha levels were 2.5-fold higher in Duffy-positive subjects 2 hrs after lipopolysaccharide infusion (210 pg/mL vs. 85 pg/mL; p < .001). Erythrocyte-bound monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, growth-related oncogen-alpha, and interleukin-8 increased 20- to 50-fold in Duffy-positive subjects (p < .00001 vs. baseline). CONCLUSION The Duffy antigen substantially alters chemokine concentrations in blood, but it does not have a protective effect during human endotoxemia.
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Fischereder M. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in renal transplantation — from bench to bedside. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 94:67-81. [PMID: 17444276 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.94.2007.1-2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attraction of mononuclear cells to sites of inflammation requires a close interplay of the inflammatory signal presented via chemokines and specific receptors on effector cells. First studies on acute renal transplant rejection demonstrated the involvement of CC-chemokines, such as RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and MCP-1, as well as CXC-chemokines such as IL-8 and IP-10, correlating with expression of the corresponding chemokine receptors, CCR1, CCR5 and CCR2 as well as CXCR3. Since then, the pathophysiologic relevance has been extended to chronic allograft nephropathy and transplant glomerulopathy. Chemokine expression can be triggered by different stimuli, e.g. brain death, ischemia, HLA-mismatch and infection. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory chemokines have been identified. Chemokine receptor 7, e.g. enhances homing of lymphocytes to lymphatic tissues and the Duffy antigen receptor, DARC, a non-specific receptor that binds and inactivates different chemokines. While measurement of chemokine expression in clinical transplantation may facilitate the differential diagnosis of allograft dysfunction, knowledge of the chemokine network has also widened the understanding of transplant rejection and opened novel therapeutic approaches. Observations from humans with mutations of the chemokine network as well as transplantation of animals with targeted deletions in this system suggest that manipulations of chemokine signalling may improve the success rates of transplantation. Blocking chemokines unselectively with Met-RANTES or specifically with small molecule inhibitors of various chemokine receptors has lead to improved outcome in animal models. Currently, first human trials are under way to investigate drugs that stimulate lymphocyte homing. Inhibitors of CCR1 and CCR5 are being tested for other human diseases and may eventually be available in transplantation. Nonetheless, chemokine blockade my rather serve as an adjunct in the management of transplant recipients than a new "magic bullet".
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fischereder
- Medizinische Poliklinik Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 München, Germany.
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Lerut E, Van Damme B, Noizat-Pirenne F, Emonds MP, Rouger P, Vanrenterghem Y, Pirenne J, Ansart-Pirenne H. Duffy and Kidd blood group antigens: minor histocompatibility antigens involved in renal allograft rejection? Transfusion 2007; 47:28-40. [PMID: 17207227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor histocompatibility antigens have been poorly defined. Whether Duffy (FY) and Kidd (JK), polymorphic and immunogenic blood group antigens, widely distributed in human organs, expressed and functional in the kidney, could function as minor histocompatibility antigens and be implicated in renal allograft rejection was questioned. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective, homogeneous, single-center cohort of 370 renal transplants was analyzed. In all donor/recipient pairs, FY and JK polymorphisms were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In all donor/recipient pairs the matching (m) or mismatching (mm) status was defined for both systems. All biopsies were reviewed, and historical screening results for FY and JK alloantibodies and graft survival were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Although graft survival was not different between the groups, it was observed that FY mm grafts had significantly more chronic lesions compared to FY m grafts. HLA-DR11 was more frequent in both recipients (p = 0.0081) and donors (p = 0.0104) of FY mm couples without chronic allograft nephropathy, suggesting a protective effect for this molecule. JK mm grafts had more interstitial inflammation than JK m grafts (p = 0.0369). CONCLUSION This renal model unmasks for the first time the role of FY and-to a lesser extent-JK antigens as minor histocompatibility antigens and suggests their potential role for other clinical transplant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Abstract
Renal transplantation in high-risk patients is a growing phenomenon. More patients are progressing to endstage renal failure, in the setting of an increased incidence of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Current organ shortages and the use of more marginal donors have affected both patient and graft survival. Acute rejection has been minimised under modern immunosuppression; however, patient and long-term allograft outcomes have not improved concurrently. Specific understanding of donor, recipient and allograft variables associated with stratification of patients as 'high risk for renal transplantation' is necessary to facilitate appropriate peri- and post-transplant pharmacotherapy. Induction and maintenance immunosuppression choices are different for high-risk patients and must be made to ensure optimal immunosuppression, while limiting patient and allograft toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Weimert
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Mantovani A, Bonecchi R, Locati M. Tuning inflammation and immunity by chemokine sequestration: decoys and more. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:907-18. [PMID: 17124512 DOI: 10.1038/nri1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A set of chemokine receptors are structurally unable to elicit migration or conventional signalling responses after ligand engagement. These 'silent' (non-signalling) chemokine receptors regulate inflammatory and immune reactions in different ways, including by acting as decoys and scavengers. Chemokine decoy receptors recognize distinct and complementary sets of ligands and are strategically expressed in different cellular contexts. Importantly, viruses and parasites have evolved multiple strategies to elude chemokines, including the expression of decoy receptors. So, decoy receptors for chemokines represent a general strategy to tune, shape and temper innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy and Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Delayed graft function is an important determinant of patient and graft survival. A complex of pathologic mechanisms intervenes in the pathophysiology of this outcome. This paper reviews the main processes involved in delayed graft function as they relate to five chronologically related stages: donor tissue quality, brain death and related stress, preservation variables, immune factors, and recipient variables. RECENT FINDINGS Dialyzed delayed graft function and nondialyzed slow graft function both have a negative impact on graft survival and on the incidence of acute rejection. Expanded-criteria donors, older donors, and non-heart-beating donors are more frequently used. The long-term results of the use of well-selected non-heart-beating donors are surprisingly good. The process of ischemia/reperfusion injury is already initiated in the brain-death donor and continues during preservation of the graft. Graft-infiltrating T cells, heat shock proteins, and heme oxygenase-1 are implicated in the process. Modifications in immunosuppressive therapy and pharmacologic modulations have an effect on delayed graft function. Delayed graft function plays a part in the incidence of acute rejection, impaired graft function, and survival of patients and grafts. SUMMARY This review discusses the current literature on several recent findings of pathophysiologic mechanisms of, and possible therapeutic interventions in, delayed graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Peeters
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Rot A. Contribution of Duffy antigen to chemokine function. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16:687-94. [PMID: 16054417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In addition to classical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a group of alternative, "silent" chemokine receptors has recently been identified. These serpentine molecules are not coupled to G proteins and subsequent signaling cascades, but can efficiently internalize their cognate chemokine ligands, thus act as "interceptors" (internalizing receptors). Here we discuss a mechanism by which a member of this family, Duffy antigen (DARC), contributes to chemokine-induced leukocyte emigration. Cumulative experimental evidence suggests that DARC on venular endothelium mediates chemokine internalization at the abluminal surface followed by transcytosis and transfer of the chemokine cargo onto the luminal surface. DARC is also expressed on the erythrocyte surface of DARC positive individuals. Erythrocyte DARC binds plasma chemokines which results, on one hand, in impediment of the chemokines loss from the circulation and, on the other hand, in neutralization of chemokines in the blood. This leads to leukocyte protection from inadvertent "desensitization" and enhancement of leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antal Rot
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Brunnerstrasse 59, A-1230 Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) blood group antigens are polymorphic, inherited, carbohydrate or protein structures located on the extracellular surface of the RBC membrane. They contribute to the architecture of the RBC membrane, and their individual function(s) are being slowly revealed. The biological qualities assigned to these RBC membrane structures are based on observed physiological alteration in RBCs that lack the component, by documenting similarities in its protein sequence (predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene) to proteins of known function and by extrapolation to identified functional homologues in other cells. The varied roles of RBC antigens include membrane structural integrity, the transport of molecules through the membrane, as receptors for extracellular ligands, adhesion molecules, enzymes, complement components and regulators, and in glycocalyx formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion E Reid
- Laboratology of Immunology and the Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E. 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Mange KC, Prak EL, Kamoun M, Du Y, Goodman N, Danoff T, Hoy T, Newman M, Joffe MM, Feldman HI. Duffy antigen receptor and genetic susceptibility of African Americans to acute rejection and delayed function. Kidney Int 2004; 66:1187-92. [PMID: 15327416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unique distribution of the alleles for the Duffy antigen receptor complex (DARC) that binds to chemokines may be associated with the rates of acute rejection and delayed allograft function (DGF) among African Americans. METHODS A prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 222 African American recipients of cadaveric renal allografts from eight adult transplant centers. Subjects were typed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) for the polymorphism at position 535 that determines the level of transcription. Associations of DARC genotypes were examined in Cox hazards models with episodes of acute rejection and in logistic regression models with the development of DGF. RESULTS FyB Null homozygosity was observed among 67% of the recipients. Fifteen percent of the study cohort experienced at least one episode of acute rejection, and the incidence of DGF was 42.5%. The number of FyB Null alleles and FyB Null homozygosity had no detectable association with the rate of acute rejection (P > 0.50) or with the development of DGF (P > 0.50). CONCLUSION The susceptibility of African American recipients to acute rejection and to DGF was not confirmed to be associated with DARC alleles or genotype. Future studies should exclude a potential role of donor-related DARC in transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Mange
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Galliera E, Jala VR, Trent JO, Bonecchi R, Signorelli P, Lefkowitz RJ, Mantovani A, Locati M, Haribabu B. beta-Arrestin-dependent constitutive internalization of the human chemokine decoy receptor D6. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:25590-7. [PMID: 15084596 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400363200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane receptors mediate diverse physiological responses including hormone action, olfaction, neurotransmission, and chemotaxis. Human D6 is a non-signaling seven-transmembrane receptor expressed on lymphatic endothelium interacting with most inflammatory CC-chemokines resulting in their rapid internalization. Here, we demonstrate that this scavenging activity is mediated by continuous internalization and constant surface expression of the receptor, a process involving the clathrin-coated pit-dependent pathway. D6 constitutively associates with the cytoplasmic adaptor beta-arrestin, and this interaction is essential for D6 internalization. An acidic region, but not the putative phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic tail of D6, is critical for receptor interaction with beta-arrestin and subsequent internalization. Neither the native D6 nor mutants uncoupled from beta-arrestin activate any G-protein-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, D6 may be considered a decoy receptor structurally adapted to perform chemokine scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Galliera
- Centro di Eccellenza per l'Innovazione Diagnostica e Terapeutica (IDET), Institute of General Pathology, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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