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Baglivo I, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Colantuono S, Menzella F, Selvaggio D, Carpagnano GE, Caruso C. The New Paradigm: The Role of Proteins and Triggers in the Evolution of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5747. [PMID: 38891935 PMCID: PMC11171572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier damage plays a central role in the development and maintenance of allergic inflammation. Rises in the epithelial barrier permeability of airways alter tissue homeostasis and allow the penetration of allergens and other external agents. Different factors contribute to barrier impairment, such as eosinophilic infiltration and allergen protease action-eosinophilic cationic proteins' effects and allergens' proteolytic activity both contribute significantly to epithelial damage. In the airways, allergen proteases degrade the epithelial junctional proteins, allowing allergen penetration and its uptake by dendritic cells. This increase in allergen-immune system interaction induces the release of alarmins and the activation of type 2 inflammatory pathways, causing or worsening the main symptoms at the skin, bowel, and respiratory levels. We aim to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying allergenic protease-induced epithelial barrier damage and the role of immune response in allergic asthma onset, maintenance, and progression. Moreover, we will explore potential clinical and radiological biomarkers of airway remodeling in allergic asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, S. Valentino Hospital-AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - David Selvaggio
- UOS di Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio Ospedale Cristo Re, 00167 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Brandao-Rangel MAR, Moraes-Ferreira R, Silva-Reis A, Souza-Palmeira VH, Almeida FM, da Silva Olimpio FR, Oliveira CR, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Pesquero JB, Martin L, Aimbire F, Albertini R, Faria SS, Vieira RP. Aerobic physical training reduces severe asthma phenotype involving kinins pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:499. [PMID: 38598121 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic physical training (APT) reduces eosinophilic airway inflammation, but its effects and mechanisms in severe asthma remain unknown. METHODS An in vitro study employing key cells involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, such as freshly isolated human eosinophils, neutrophils, and bronchial epithelial cell lineage (BEAS-2B) and lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells), was conducted. Additionally, an in vivo study using male C57Bl/6 mice, including Control (Co; n = 10), Trained (Exe; n = 10), house dust mite (HDM; n = 10), and HDM + Trained (HDM + Exe; n = 10) groups, was carried out, with APT performed at moderate intensity, 5x/week, for 4 weeks. RESULTS HDM and bradykinin, either alone or in combination, induced hyperactivation in human neutrophils, eosinophils, BEAS-2B, and MRC-5 cells. In contrast, IL-10, the primary anti-inflammatory molecule released during APT, inhibited these inflammatory effects, as evidenced by the suppression of numerous cytokines and reduced mRNA expression of the B1 receptor and ACE-2. The in vivo study demonstrated that APT decreased bronchoalveolar lavage levels of bradykinin, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, IL-33, TNF-α, and IL-13, while increasing levels of IL-10, klotho, and IL-1RA. APT reduced the accumulation of polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the peribronchial space, as well as collagen fiber accumulation, epithelial thickness, and mucus accumulation. Furthermore, APT lowered the expression of the B1 receptor and ACE-2 in lung tissue and reduced bradykinin levels in the lung tissue homogenate compared to the HDM group. It also improved airway resistance, tissue resistance, and tissue damping. On a systemic level, APT reduced total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in the blood, as well as plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-33, while elevating the levels of IL-10 and IL-1RA. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that APT inhibits the severe asthma phenotype by targeting kinin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Alves Rodrigues Brandao-Rangel
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Renilson Moraes-Ferreira
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Anamei Silva-Reis
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Souza-Palmeira
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Francine Maria Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutic (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Regina da Silva Olimpio
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720, 2º Andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 6070, São José dos Campos, SP, 12230-002, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biomedical Enginnering, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Talim 330, São José dos Campos, SP, 12231-280, Brazil
- GAP Biotech, Rua Comendador Remo Cesaroni 223, São José dos Campos, SP, 12243-020, Brazil
| | - Nilsa Regina Damaceno-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LIM 59 HCFMUSP), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Martin
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
- Division of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish, Academy of Sciences (IMB-PAS), Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720, 2º Andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Sara Socorro Faria
- Post-graduate Programs in Humam Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goias (UniEvavngelica), Avenida Universitária Km3,5, Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil.
- Post-graduate Programs in Humam Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goias (UniEvavngelica), Avenida Universitária Km3,5, Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil.
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-520, Brazil.
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Krimsky W, Neal Ii RE, Kim V. Airway Mucosal Remodeling: Mechanism of Action and Preclinical Data of Pulsed Electric Fields for Chronic Bronchitis and Mucus Hypersecretion. Respiration 2023; 102:948-960. [PMID: 37906995 DOI: 10.1159/000534370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients living with chronic bronchitis (CB) suffer from physical limitations and poor quality of life. In general, treatment options that directly address the mucus hypersecretion component of CB are quite limited. Chronic airway inflammation and the associated hypersecretion and cough that are pathognomonic for CB generally result from long-term exposure to airway irritants such as tobacco use and other environmental insults. This, in turn, results in an increase in the quantity and change in composition of the airway mucosa as a consequence of altered goblet cells, club cells, and submucosal glands. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) provide a method for eradicating the cellular constituents of tissue with limited impact on the stromal proteins. Preclinical evidence in porcine airways demonstrated that particular PEF waveforms allowed for salutary remodeling of the epithelial and submucosal airway tissue layers and appeared to foster rapid regeneration and recovery of the tissue. Therefore, a therapeutic opportunity might exist whereby the application of a specific form of PEF may result in a reduction of the cellular secretory constituents of the airway while also reducing airway mucosal inflammation. This review discusses the use of such PEF to address the underlying disease processes in CB including challenges around device design, dosing, and appropriate delivery methods. Further, we outline considerations for the transition to human airways along with a brief examination of the initial work treating CB patients, suggesting that the therapy is well tolerated with limited adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Kim
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shi T, Wang J, Dong J, Hu P, Guo Q. Periodontopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Their Roles in the Progression of Respiratory Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:1110. [PMID: 37764918 PMCID: PMC10535846 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between oral microbiota and the human host extends beyond the confines of the oral cavity, profoundly impacting the general health status. Both periodontal diseases and respiratory diseases show high prevalence worldwide and have a marked influence on the quality of life for the patients. Accumulating studies are establishing a compelling association between periodontal diseases and respiratory diseases. Here, in this review, we specifically focus on the key periodontal pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and dissect their roles in the onset and course of respiratory diseases, mainly pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and asthma. The mechanistic underpinnings and molecular processes on how P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum contribute to the progression of related respiratory diseases are further summarized and analyzed, including: induction of mucus hypersecretion and chronic airway inflammation; cytotoxic effects to disrupt the morphology and function of respiratory epithelial cells; synergistic pathogenic effects with respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By delving into the complex relationship to periodontal diseases and periodontopathogens, this review helps unearth novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of respiratory diseases and inspires the development of potential therapeutic avenues and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pingyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Liu Y, Li P, Jiang T, Li Y, Wang Y, Cheng Z. Epidermal growth factor receptor in asthma: A promising therapeutic target? Respir Med 2023; 207:107117. [PMID: 36626942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although decades of intensive research have focused on the role of EGFR in asthma, the specific mechanisms and pathways of EGFR signaling remain unclear. Various reports have indicated that inhibition of EGFR improves the pathological features in asthma models. However, extending these experimental findings to clinical applications is difficult. Several measures can be adopted to promote clinical application of EGFR inhibitors. This review focuses on the role of EGFR in the pathogenesis of asthma and the development of a potentially novel therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Tianci Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Xu M, Hu J, Yang L, Gen G, Fu Z, Luo Z, Zou W. Knockdown of Brg1 reduced mucus secretion in HDM stimulated airway inflammation. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:42-50. [PMID: 36427449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brg1 (Brahma-related gene 1) is an important chromatin remodeling factor protein. The Brg1 protein can promote the transcriptional activation or inhibit target genes through regulating ATP hydrolysis which rearranges the nucleosomes position and the histone DNA interaction. In this study, we explored the role of Brg1 in house dust mite (HDM) stimulated airway inflammation. METHODS The wild-type C57BL/6 mice (wild-type, WT) and alveolar epithelial cells specifically knockout Brg1 mice (Brg1fl/fl) were selected as the experimental subjects. HDM was used to stimulate human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) to construct an model of airway inflammation in vitro. The asthma group was established with HDM, and the control group was treated with normal saline. Wright's staining for the detection of differential counts of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Invasive lung function was used to assess the airway compliance. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining were used to detect mucus secretion. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure mucin glycoprotein 5AC (MUC5AC) protein expression in airway epithelium. Western blotting was used to detect the MUC5AC and JAK1/2-STAT6 proteins in mouse lung tissues and 16HBE cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (CHIP) were used to detect whether Brg1 could regulate the JAK1/2-STAT6 signaling pathway. RESULTS The airway inflammation, pulmonary ventilation resistance, airway mucus secretion, MUC5AC and IL-13 in BALF and MUC5AC protein expression in lung tissue of Brg1 knockout mice stimulated by HDM were lower than those of wild-type mice. The expression of MUC5AC protein in HDM stimulated Brg1 knockdown 16HBE cells was significantly lower than that in the control group. In vivo and in vitro, it was found that the activation of JAK1/2-STAT6 signal pathway in mouse lung tissue or 16HBE cells was inhibited after knockdown of Brg1 gene. The Co-IP and CHIP results showed that Brg1 could bind to the JAK1/2 promoter region and regulate the expression of JAK1/2 gene. CONCLUSION The Brg1 may promote the secretion of airway mucus stimulated by HDM through regulating the JAK1/2-STAT6 pathway. Knockdown of Brg1 reduced mucus secretion in HDM stimulated airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - Gang Gen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China.
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China.
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Lysophosphatidylserine Induces MUC5AC Production via the Feedforward Regulation of the TACE-EGFR-ERK Pathway in Airway Epithelial Cells in a Receptor-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073866. [PMID: 35409225 PMCID: PMC8999057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is an amphipathic lysophospholipid that mediates a broad spectrum of inflammatory responses through a poorly characterized mechanism. Because LysoPS levels can rise in a variety of pathological conditions, we sought to investigate LysoPS's potential role in airway epithelial cells that actively participate in lung homeostasis. Here, we report a previously unappreciated function of LysoPS in production of a mucin component, MUC5AC, in the airway epithelial cells. LysoPS stimulated lung epithelial cells to produce MUC5AC via signaling pathways involving TACE, EGFR, and ERK. Specifically, LysoPS- dependent biphasic activation of ERK resulted in TGF-α secretion and strong EGFR phosphorylation leading to MUC5AC production. Collectively, LysoPS induces the expression of MUC5AC via a feedback loop composed of proligand synthesis and its proteolysis by TACE and following autocrine EGFR activation. To our surprise, we were not able to find a role of GPCRs and TLR2, known LyoPS receptors in LysoPS-induced MUC5AC production in airway epithelial cells, suggesting a potential receptor-independent action of LysoPS during inflammation. This study provides new insight into the potential function and mechanism of LysoPS as an emerging lipid mediator in airway inflammation.
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Chen FJ, Du LJ, Zeng Z, Huang XY, Xu CY, Tan WP, Xie CM, Liang YX, Guo YB. PTPRH Alleviates Airway Obstruction and Th2 Inflammation in Asthma as a Protective Factor. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:133-144. [PMID: 35140475 PMCID: PMC8818980 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s340059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose PTPRH inhibits EGFR activity directly in cancer patients and activated EGFR induces goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion in asthma. However, the function of PTPRH in asthma remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to access the association of PTPRH with asthma and its underlying mechanism. Patients and Methods We examined the PTPRH level in asthma patients (n = 108) and healthy controls (n = 35), and analyzed the correlations between PTPRH and asthma-related indicators. Human bronchial epithelial cell (HBECs) transfected with PTPRH and asthma mouse model were set up to investigate the function of PTPRH. Results The expression of PTPRH was significantly increased and correlated with pulmonary function parameters, including airway obstruction, and T-helper2 (Th2) associated markers in asthma patients. PTPRH increased in the house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthmatic mice, while Th2 airway inflammation and Muc5ac suppressed when treated with PTPRH. Accordingly, PTPRH expression was markedly increased in IL-13-stimulated HBECs but PTPRH over-expression suppressed MUC5AC. Moreover, HBECs transfected with over-expressed PTPRH inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2 and AKT, while induced against PTPRH in HBECs dephosphorylated of EGFR, ERK1/2 and AKT. Conclusion PTPRH reduces MUC5AC secretion to alleviate airway obstruction in asthma via potential phosphorylating of EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT signaling pathway, which may provide possible therapeutic implications for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-jia Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-juan Du
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-yan Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-yi Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-ping Tan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can-mao Xie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-xia Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-biao Guo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu-biao Guo; Yu-xia Liang, Tel +86 20 8775 5766, Email ;
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Losol P, Park HS, Song WJ, Hwang YK, Kim SH, Holloway JW, Chang YS. Association of upper airway bacterial microbiota and asthma: systematic review. Asia Pac Allergy 2022; 12:e32. [PMID: 35966153 PMCID: PMC9353206 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2022.12.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual studies have suggested that upper airway dysbiosis may be associated with asthma or its severity. We aimed to systematically review studies that evaluated upper airway bacterial microbiota in relation to asthma, compared to nonasthmatic controls. Searches used MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection. Eligible studies included association between asthma and upper airway dysbiosis; assessment of composition and diversity of upper airway microbiota using 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing; upper airway samples from nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx or hypopharynx. Study quality was assessed and rated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A total of 249 publications were identified; 17 in the final analysis (13 childhood asthma and 4 adult asthma). Microbiome richness was measured in 6 studies, species diversity in 12, and bacterial composition in 17. The quality of evidence was good and fair. The alpha-diversity was found to be higher in younger children with wheezing and asthma, while it was lower when asthmatic children had rhinitis or mite sensitization. In children, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were higher in asthmatics compared to controls (7 studies), and Moraxella, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus were predominant in the bacterial community. In pooled analysis, nasal Streptococcus colonization was associated with the presence of wheezing at age 5 (p = 0.04). In adult patients with asthma, the abundance of Proteobacteria was elevated in the upper respiratory tract (3 studies). Nasal colonization of Corynebacterium was lower in asthmatics (2 studies). This study demonstrates the potential relationships between asthma and specific bacterial colonization in the upper airway in adult and children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purevsuren Losol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Narendrakumar L, Ray A. Respiratory tract microbiome and pneumonia. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:97-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Cerqua I, Terlizzi M, Bilancia R, Riemma MA, Citi V, Martelli A, Pace S, Spaziano G, D'Agostino B, Werz O, Ialenti A, Sorrentino R, Cirino G, Rossi A, Roviezzo F. 5α-dihydrotestosterone abrogates sex bias in asthma like features in the mouse. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104905. [PMID: 32416213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Androgen levels inversely correlate with the incidence, susceptibility and severity of asthma. However, whether male sex hormones such as 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have beneficial effects on asthma symptoms and/or could affect asthma susceptibility have not been investigated. DHT administration to female mice, during the sensitization phase, abrogates the sex bias in bronchial hyperreactivity. This effect correlates with inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis in the lung. DHT significantly inhibits also other asthma-like features such as airway hyperplasia and mucus production in sensitized female mice. Conversely, DHT does not affect plasma IgE levels as well as CD3+CD4+ IL-4+ cell and IgE+c-Kit+ cell infiltration within the lung but prevents pulmonary mast cell activation. The in vitro study on RBL-2H3 cells confirms that DHT inhibits mast cell degranulation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that immunomodulatory effects of DHT on mast cell activation prevent the translation of allergen sensitization into clinical manifestation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cerqua
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michela Terlizzi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Rossella Bilancia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria A Riemma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, Pisa, I-56100, Italy.
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, Pisa, I-56100, Italy.
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Costantinopoli 16, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Costantinopoli 16, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosalinda Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fiorentina Roviezzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
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12
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Asensio VJ, Tomás A, Iglesias A, de Llano LP, del Pozo V, Cosío BG. Eosinophilic COPD Patients Display a Distinctive Serum miRNA Profile From Asthma and Non-eosinophilic COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Choi W, Choe S, Lau GW. Inactivation of FOXA2 by Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens and Dysregulation of Pulmonary Mucus Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:515. [PMID: 32269574 PMCID: PMC7109298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are transcriptional factors that regulate various cellular processes. This minireview provides an overview of FOXA2 functions, with a special emphasis on the regulation airway mucus homeostasis in both healthy and diseased lungs. FOXA2 plays crucial roles during lung morphogenesis, surfactant protein production, goblet cell differentiation and mucin expression. In healthy airways, FOXA2 exerts a tight control over goblet cell development and mucin biosynthesis. However, in diseased airways, microbial infections and proinflammatory responses deplete FOXA2 expression, resulting in uncontrolled goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, and impaired mucociliary clearance of pathogens. Furthermore, accumulated mucus clogs the airways and creates a niche environment for persistent microbial colonization and infection, leading to acute exacerbation and deterioration of pulmonary function in patients with chronic lung diseases. Various studies have shown that FOXA2 inhibition is mediated through induction of antagonistic EGFR and IL-13R-STAT6 signaling pathways as well as through posttranslational modifications induced by microbial infections. An improved understanding of how bacterial pathogens inactivate FOXA2 may pave the way for developing therapeutics that preserve the protein's function, which in turn, will improve the mucus status and mucociliary clearance of pathogens, reduce microbial-mediated acute exacerbation and restore lung function in patients with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shawn Choe
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Eosinophilic COPD Patients Display a Distinctive Serum miRNA Profile From Asthma and Non-eosinophilic COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 56:234-241. [PMID: 31732359 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic airway diseases that may overlap in some individuals. Asthma COPD overlap (ACO) is a heterogeneous conditions that includes smoking-asthma (SA) and COPD with eosinophilia (COPDe). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulators of gene expression with a great potential as biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify distinctive miRNA signatures in patients from the whole spectrum of chronic obstructive bronchial disease (SA, COPDe, non-smoking asthmatics (NSA), and COPD) that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers or describe differential molecular mechanisms with potential therapeutic implications. METHODS From a previously characterized cohort of ACO, COPD and asthma patients, we selected a discovery group of 40 patients for miRNA expression profiling by means of microarray technology. Differential expression of miRNAs were validated by quantitative PCR in the complete cohort (n=274). RESULTS Thirty differentially expressed miRNAs (eBAYES p<0.05, fold change ≥2) were found among the different groups of patients regarding COPDe: 19 COPD-vs-COPDe, 13 NSA-vs-COPDe, 11 SA-vs-COPDe. A characteristic down-regulated miRNA expression pattern was identified in COPDe patients. Differential expression of miR-619-5p and miR-4486 in COPDe patients were validated in the complete cohort (n=274). CONCLUSIONS We postulate that COPDe patients show a characteristic expression profile of miRNAs distinctive from asthma and COPD. Also that SA and COPDe patients, which have been typically clustered in the ACO group, display distinct molecular events.
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15
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Tang C, Makusheva Y, Sun H, Han W, Iwakura Y. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in skin/mucoepithelial diseases and tumors. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:903-917. [PMID: 30964564 PMCID: PMC6850291 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ri0119-031r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs), which consist of an extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain and intracellular signal transducing motif such as the immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif (ITAM) or immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif (ITIM), are innate immune receptors primarily expressed on myeloid lineage cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and Mϕs. CLRs play important roles in host defense against infection by fungi and bacteria by recognizing specific carbohydrate components of these pathogens. However, these immune receptors also make important contributions to immune homeostasis of mucosa and skin in mammals by recognizing components of microbiota, as well as by recognizing self‐components such as alarmins from dead cells and noncanonical non‐carbohydrate ligands. CLR deficiency not only induces hypersensitivity to infection, but also causes dysregulation of muco‐cutaneous immune homeostasis, resulting in the development of allergy, inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumors. In this review, we introduce recent discoveries regarding the roles of myeloid CLRs in the immune system exposed to the environment, and discuss the roles of these lectin receptors in the development of colitis, asthma, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and cancer. Although some CLRs are suggested to be involved in the development of these diseases, the function of CLRs and their ligands still largely remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Tang
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yulia Makusheva
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Haiyang Sun
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Wei Han
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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16
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring, highly conserved families of transcripts (∼22 nucleotides in length) that are processed from larger hairpin precursors. miRNAs primarily regulate gene expression by promoting messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or repressing mRNA translation. miRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of a variety of cellular processes involving development, differentiation, and signaling. Moreover, various human diseases, including cancer and immune dysfunction, are associated with aberrant expression of miRNAs. This review will focus on how the multifunctional miRNA, miR-155, regulates inflammatory diseases, including cancer and pulmonary disorders, and also how miR-155 expression and biogenesis are regulated. We will also provide examples of miR-155-regulated networks in coordination with other noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs as well as coding mRNAs acting as competing endogenous RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruswamy Mahesh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Increase in secreted airway mucins and partial Muc5b STAT6/FoxA2 regulation during Pneumocystis primary infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2078. [PMID: 30765827 PMCID: PMC6376022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus responses to subclinical infections may explain variations in progression of chronic lung diseases and differences in clinical expression of respiratory infections across individuals. Pneumocystis associates to more severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, respiratory distress of premature newborns, and is a consistent subclinical infection between 2 and 5 months of age when hospitalizations for respiratory cause and infant mortality are higher. This atypical fungus associates to increased mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), a central effector of Th2-type allergic inflammation, in infant lungs. However, mucus progression, expression of MUC5B essential for airway defense, and potential for pharmacologic modulation of mucus during Pneumocystis infection remain unknown. We measured MUC5B and Pneumocystis in infant lungs, and progression of mucin levels and effect of inhibition of the STAT6/FoxA2 mucus pathway using Kaempferol, a JAK/STAT6 inhibitor, in immunocompetent rats during Pneumocystis primary infection. Pneumocystis associated to increased MUC5B in infant lungs. Muc5b increased earlier and more abundantly than Muc5ac during experimental primary infection suggesting an acute defensive response against Pneumocystis as described against bacteria, while increased Muc5ac levels supports an ongoing allergic, Th2 lymphocyte-type response during primary Pneumocystis infection. Kaempferol partly reversed Muc5b stimulation suggesting limited potential for pharmacological modulation via the STAT6-FoxA2 pathway.
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18
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Lin XP, Xue C, Zhang JM, Wu WJ, Chen XY, Zeng YM. Curcumin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mucin 5AC Hypersecretion and Airway Inflammation via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1686-1693. [PMID: 29998888 PMCID: PMC6048919 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.235863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Excess mucus production is an important pathophysiological feature of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Effective therapies are currently lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mucus secretion and inflammation, and explored the underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Methods: For the in vitro study, human bronchial epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were pretreated with CUR or vehicle for 30 min, and then exposed to LPS for 24 h. Next, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was knocked down with Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to confirm the specific role of Nrf2 in mucin regulation of CUR in NCI-H292 cells. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 7 for each group): control group, LPS group, and LPS + CUR group. Mice in LPS and LPS + CUR group were injected with saline or CUR (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 2 h before intratracheal instillation with LPS (100 μg/ml) for 7 days. Cell lysate and lung tissue were obtained to measured Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to enumerate total cells and neutrophils. Histopathological changes of the lung were observed. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Student's t-test was used when two groups were compared. Results: CUR significantly decreased the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in NCI-H292 cells exposed to LPS. This effect was dose dependent (2.424 ± 0.318 vs. 7.169 ± 1.785, t = 4.534, and 1.060 ± 0.197 vs. 2.340 ± 0.209, t = 7.716; both P < 0.05, respectively) and accompanied by increased mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 (1.952 ± 0.340 vs. 1.142 ± 0.176, t = −3.661, and 2.010 ± 0.209 vs. 1.089 ± 0.132, t = −6.453; both P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA increased MUC5AC mRNA expression by 47.7%, compared with levels observed in the siRNA-negative group (6.845 ± 1.478 vs. 3.391 ± 0.517, t = −3.821, P < 0.05). Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA also markedly increased MUC5AC protein expression in NCI-H292 cells. CUR also significantly decreased LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of MUC5AC in mouse lung (1.672 ± 0.721 vs. 5.961 ± 2.452, t = 2.906, and 0.480 ± 0.191 vs. 2.290 ± 0.834, t = 3.665, respectively; both P < 0.05). Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining also showed that CUR suppressed mucin production. Compared with the LPS group, the numbers of inflammatory cells (247 ± 30 vs. 334 ± 24, t = 3.901, P < 0.05) and neutrophils (185 ± 22 vs. 246 ± 20, t = 3.566, P < 0.05) in BALF decreased in the LPS + CUR group, as well as reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue. Conclusion: CUR inhibits LPS-induced airway mucus hypersecretion and inflammation through activation of Nrf2 possibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Wei-Jing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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19
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Tang L, Chen Q, Sun L, Zhu L, Liu J, Meng Z, Ni Z, Wang X. Curcumin suppresses MUC5AC production via interfering with the EGFR signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:497-504. [PMID: 29620257 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive mucin production in the airway may contribute to airway inflammatory diseases. Curcumin has been reported to prevent mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) production in human airway epithelial cells; however, the molecular targets of curcumin involved in regulating MUC5AC expression have remained elusive. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin regulates MUC5AC production, utilizing the NCI‑H292 human airway epithelial cell line featuring MUC5AC hypersecretion. Curcumin was able to counteract the endothelial growth factor (EGF)‑stimulated mRNA and protein expression of MUC5AC. In addition, curcumin treatment prevented EGF‑induced phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) as well as the downstream AKT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), while inhibition of PI3K and STAT3 signaling significantly attenuated the expression of MUC5AC that was induced by EGF. Furthermore, EGF‑induced increases in the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in the nuclear fraction were inhibited by curcumin and PI3K inhibitors. In addition, treatment with curcumin significantly decreased MUC5AC and EGFR expression in a time‑dependent manner under basal conditions. These results demonstrated that curcumin inhibited MUC5AC protein expression in NCI‑H292 cells under basal conditions as well under EGF stimulation. This inhibition was accompanied by decreased activation of the EGFR/AKT/STAT3 pathway and reduced EGFR expression, which indicated that curcumin may have a dual role in interfering with the EGFR signaling pathway and inhibiting mucin expression in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Qingge Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Linyun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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20
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Shi Y, Fu X, Cao Q, Mao Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q. Overexpression of miR-155-5p Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of IL-13-Induced Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Suppressing TGF-β-Activated Kinase 1/MAP3K7-Binding Protein 2. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:260-267. [PMID: 29676073 PMCID: PMC5911445 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Molecular mechanisms leading to asthma is still ill-defined. Though the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in asthma was previously reported, the involvement of miR-155 in important features of this disease remains unknown. The present study was designed to uncover the probable involvement of miR-155-5p in the proliferation and migration of IL-13-induced human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) and the intrinsic regulatory mechanism. Methods The effects of different concentrations of IL-13 on the proliferation and migration of BSMCs as well as the expression of miR-155-5p and its predicted target transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7-binding protein 2 (TAB2) were investigated. The effects of miR-155-5p on the proliferation and migration of interleukin (IL)-13-induced BSMCs was determined in vitro using BSMCs transfected with miR-155 mimic/inhibitor and induced by a high concentration of IL-13. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) was employed for determining the expression of miR-155-5p and TAB2. Western blotting was applied to analyze the expression of TAB2 at the protein level. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell assays, respectively. Results The proliferation and migration of BSMCs were dose-dependently increased with IL-13 treatment. Contrariwise, IL-13 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of miR-155-5p in BSMCs. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of miR-155-5p further promoted the stimulatory effects of IL-13, whereas overexpression of miR-155 significantly inhibited these effects. In silico studies and luciferase reporter assays indicated that TAB2 was a negatively regulated miR-155-5p target. Conclusions These results suggested that miR-155-5p-inhibit the IL-13-induced proliferation and migration of BSMCs by targeting TAB2 and that the IL-13/miR-155/TAB2 pathway could serve as a therapeutic target for pulmonary diseases, especially asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Health Science Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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21
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Li X, Huang L, Wang N, Yi H, Wang H. Sulfur dioxide exposure enhances Th2 inflammatory responses via activating STAT6 pathway in asthmatic mice. Toxicol Lett 2017; 285:43-50. [PMID: 29288730 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of potential risk factors for induction and/or exacerbation of asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the role of SO2 in asthma using a classical asthmatic model with allergic airway inflammation by treating C57BL/6 mice with ovalbumin (OVA) and/or 10 mg/m3 SO2. Our results showed that SO2 exposure alone induced slight pathological changes but did not significantly increase inflammatory cell counts, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and mucus production in the airway of mice, whereas SO2 exposure in OVA-induced asthmatic mice caused marked pulmonary pathological changes and significantly increased the counts of eosinophil-rich leukocytes compared with OVA alone asthmatic mice. The expression of MUC5AC, TNF-α, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and STAT6 was further up-regulated in OVA plus SO2 treated mice compared with OVA alone treated mice. In addition, exposure to SO2 alone markedly elevated STAT6 mRNA levels and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in the lung. These findings suggest that SO2 amplifies Th2 inflammatory responses in OVA-induced asthmatic mice by activating STAT6, which can further induce Th2 cytokine expression. Induction of STAT6 expression might be an important mechanism underlying the increased risk for asthma after environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Iturra PA, Rojas DA, Pérez FJ, Méndez A, Ponce CA, Bonilla P, Bustamante R, Rodríguez H, Beltrán CJ, Vargas SL. Progression of Type 2 Helper T Cell-Type Inflammation and Airway Remodeling in a Rodent Model of Naturally Acquired Subclinical Primary Pneumocystis Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:417-431. [PMID: 29169991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical primary Pneumocystis infection is the most common pulmonary infection in early infancy, making it important to determine whether it damages the lung. Pneumocystis peaks at 2 to 5 months of age, when respiratory morbidity coincidently increases. We have documented that Pneumocystis increases mucus production in infant lungs, and animal models reveal lung lesions that warrant characterization. Herein, immunocompetent rats infected at birth with Pneumocystis by cohabitation, to resemble community-acquired infection, underwent lung assessments at 45, 60, and 75 days of age. Lungs fixed by vascular perfusion to prevent collapse during necropsy were used for morphometry evaluations of mucus production, airway epithelial thickening, perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation, and structural airway remodeling. Changes in these histologic features indicate lung disease. Selected immune markers were assessed in parallel using fresh-frozen lung tissue from sibling rats of the same cages. Sequential activation of NF-κB and an increased Gata3/T-bet mRNA level ratio, consistent with a type 2 helper T-cell-type inflammatory response, and subacute fibrosis were recognized. Therefore, documenting subclinical Pneumocystis infection induces lung disease in the immunocompetent host. Taken together with the peak age of primary Pneumocystis infection, results warrant investigating the clinical impact of this often subclinical infection on the severity of respiratory diseases in early infancy. This model can also be used to assess the effects of airway insults, including coinfections by recognized respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Iturra
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego A Rojas
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Méndez
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A Ponce
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Bonilla
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebeca Bustamante
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Rodríguez
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll J Beltrán
- Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio L Vargas
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
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Gu X, Zhang Q, Du Q, Shen H, Zhu Z. Pinocembrin attenuates allergic airway inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 53:90-95. [PMID: 29055190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin, one of the primary flavonoids in propolis, possesses many biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and immunoregulation. This study aimed to evaluate whether pinocembrin could attenuate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice and to explore the possible mechanism. BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with OVA were administered intraperitoneally with pinocembrin. Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were examined. T-helper type (Th) 2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum were determined. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were also measured. Our results showed that pinocembrin resulted in significant inhibition of pathophysiological signs of allergic asthma, including increased pulmonary eosinophilia infiltration, mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Treatment with pinocembrin significantly reduced Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, and OVA-specific IgE in serum. Moreover, pinocembrin treatment suppressed phosphorylation of inhibitor-κBα (IκBα) and NF-κB subunit p65 activation in lung tissue of OVA-sensitized mice. These data suggest that pinocembrin may inhibit allergic airway inflammation, and providing potential benefits in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 168 drum Hill Road, Dongshan Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing 210011, PR China.
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing 210011, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing 210011, PR China
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Kreisel W, Ruf G, Salm R, Lazaro A, Bengsch B, Globig AM, Fisch P, Lassmann S, Schmitt-Graeff A. Protein-losing pseudomembranous colitis with cap polyposis-like features. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3003-3010. [PMID: 28522919 PMCID: PMC5413796 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is characterized by loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract. It may lead to hypoproteinemia and clinically present as protein deficiency edema, ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion and/or malnutrition. In most cases the site of protein loss is the small intestine. Here we present an unusual case of severe PLE in a 55-year old female with a one-year history of recurrent diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and peripheral edema. Endoscopy and MRI showed a diffuse inflammatory thickening of the sigmoid colon and the rectum. Surgical resection of the involved colon was performed and the symptoms were significantly resolved. The final histologic evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of a pseudomembranous colitis with cap polyposis-like features. Such a cause of PLE has never been described before.
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25
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Huffnagle GB, Dickson RP, Lukacs NW. The respiratory tract microbiome and lung inflammation: a two-way street. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:299-306. [PMID: 27966551 PMCID: PMC5765541 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are not sterile or free from bacteria; rather, they harbor a distinct microbiome whose composition is driven by different ecological rules than for the gastrointestinal tract. During disease, there is often a shift in community composition towards Gammaproteobacteria, the bacterial class that contains many common lung-associated gram-negative "pathogens." Numerous byproducts of host inflammation are growth factors for these bacteria. The extracellular nutrient supply for bacteria in the lungs, which is severely limited during health, markedly increases due to the presence of mucus and vascular permeability. While Gammaproteobacteria benefit from airway inflammation, they also encode molecular components that promote inflammation, potentially creating a cyclical inflammatory mechanism. In contrast, Prevotella species that are routinely acquired via microaspiration from the oral cavity may participate in immunologic homeostasis of the airways.vAreas of future research include determining for specific lung diseases (1) whether an altered lung microbiome initiates disease pathogenesis, promotes chronic inflammation, or is merely a marker of injury and inflammation, (2) whether the lung microbiome can be manipulated therapeutically to change disease progression, (3) what molecules (metabolites) generated during an inflammatory response promote cross-kingdom signaling, and (4) how the lung "ecosystem" collapses during pneumonia, to be dominated by a single pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- GB Huffnagle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - RP Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - NW Lukacs
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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26
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Xie T, Luo G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Wu M, Li G. Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil reduces allergic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by regulating STAT6 and NFκB. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1812-22. [PMID: 26245530 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway mucus hypersecretion is a key pathophysiological feature in asthma. Fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, has been used in clinical trials to treat pulmonary hypertension. However, its function in modulating airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma remains undefined. OBJECTIVE We examined whether fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, affects the mucus hypersecretion by suppressing MUC5AC via signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) in mice and cells. METHODS We measured mucus secretion and the expression of Rho-kinase in the airway tissue of patients with asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) followed with fasudil treatment. The lung tissues were assessed for airway inflammation and mucus secretion. Cytokine levels and airway responsiveness were determined. STAT6 and NFκB were quantified by Western blot. 16HBE cells were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts. MUC5AC and muc5ac promoter activities were measured. Using siRNA to knockdown STAT6 in epithelial cells, we determined the impact of STAT6 on muc5ac promoter activity. NFκB nuclear translocation was observed with immunostaining. RESULTS Fasudil administration significantly decreased the number of inflammatory cells, inflammation index in the lung and airway responsiveness. Fasudil also reduced mucous secretion and MUC5AC expression in OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil down-regulated the levels of IL-17, IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil also decreased the expression and phosphorylation of NFκB and STAT6 as well as the nuclear translocation of NFκB. In addition, human airway epithelial cells (16HBE) were challenged with HDM extracts and then treated with fasudil. Fasudil inhibited HDM extract-induced MUC5AC expression, which is associated with a reduction in STAT6 and NFκB in epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings indicate that the Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, plays a negative regulatory role in allergen-induced mucus secretion and MUC5AC expression by regulating STAT6 and NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xie
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gy Luo
- Staff Health Clinic, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - X Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xy Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gp Li
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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27
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Takeda K, Miyahara N, Matsubara S, Taube C, Kitamura K, Hirano A, Tanimoto M, Gelfand EW. Immunomodulatory Effects of Ambroxol on Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation. Immune Netw 2016; 16:165-75. [PMID: 27340385 PMCID: PMC4917400 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambroxol is used in COPD and asthma to increase mucociliary clearance and regulate surfactant levels, perhaps through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To determine the role and effect of ambroxol in an experimental model of asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed by 3 days of challenge. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung cell composition and histology, and cytokine and protein carbonyl levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. Ambroxol was administered either before the first OVA challenge or was begun after the last allergen challenge. Cytokine production levels from lung mononuclear cells (Lung MNCs) or alveolar macrophages (AM) were also determined. Administration of ambroxol prior to challenge suppressed AHR, airway eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, and reduced inflammation in subepithelial regions. When given after challenge, AHR was suppressed but without effects on eosinophil numbers. Levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BAL fluid were decreased when the drug was given prior to challenge; when given after challenge, increased levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were detected. Decreased levels of protein carbonyls were detected in BAL fluid following ambroxol treatment after challenge. In vitro, ambroxol increased levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12 from Lung MNCs and AM, whereas IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production was not altered. Taken together, ambroxol was effective in preventing AHR and airway inflammation through upregulation of Th1 cytokines and protection from oxidative stress in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Christian Taube
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Kenichi Kitamura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Astushi Hirano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
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28
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Kim SH. Airway epithelial cells in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Keglowich LF, Borger P. The Three A's in Asthma - Airway Smooth Muscle, Airway Remodeling & Angiogenesis. Open Respir Med J 2015; 9:70-80. [PMID: 26106455 PMCID: PMC4475688 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401509010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects more than 300 million people worldwide and its prevalence is still rising. Acute asthma attacks are characterized by severe symptoms such as breathlessness, wheezing, tightness of the chest, and coughing, which may lead to hospitalization or death. Besides the acute symptoms, asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and airway wall remodeling. The term airway wall remodeling summarizes the structural changes in the airway wall: epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles, basement membrane thickening and increased vascular density. Airway wall remodeling starts early in the pathogenesis of asthma and today it is suggested that remodeling is a prerequisite for other asthma pathologies. The beneficial effect of bronchial thermoplasty in reducing asthma symptoms, together with the increased potential of ASM cells of asthmatics to produce inflammatory and angiogenic factors, indicate that the ASM cell is a major effector cell in the pathology of asthma. In the present review we discuss the ASM cell and its role in airway wall remodeling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Keglowich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Borger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Ito Y, Iwashita J, Kudoh A, Kuramata C, Murata J. MUC5B mucin production is upregulated by fibronectin and laminin in human lung epithelial cells via the integrin and ERK dependent pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1794-801. [PMID: 26057585 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1052769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
MUC5B mucin is a principal component of airway mucus and plays a key role in biodefense. We investigated the regulation of MUC5B production using the signals from extracellular matrix (ECM) components in NCI-H292 human lung epithelial cells. We found that MUC5B production in NCI-H292 cells cultured on fibronectin or laminin increased by 4-5-fold, with the increase occurring in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, MUC5B production was unchanged on type-IV collagen. Inhibition of integrin β1 induced upregulation of MUC5B and MUC5AC; however, inhibition of p38 MAPK did not show any remarkable change in overproduced MUC5B. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway or the transcription factor NF-κB induced the recovery of overproduced MUC5B on fibronectin and laminin. These results suggest that MUC5B production can be regulated by ECM components and that MUC5B is upregulated by fibronectin and laminin via the integrin, ERK, and NF-κB dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Ito
- a Faculty of Bioresource Sciences , Akita Prefectural University , Akita , Japan
| | - Jun Iwashita
- a Faculty of Bioresource Sciences , Akita Prefectural University , Akita , Japan
| | - Arisa Kudoh
- a Faculty of Bioresource Sciences , Akita Prefectural University , Akita , Japan
| | - Chika Kuramata
- a Faculty of Bioresource Sciences , Akita Prefectural University , Akita , Japan
| | - Jun Murata
- a Faculty of Bioresource Sciences , Akita Prefectural University , Akita , Japan
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Parker JC, Douglas I, Bell J, Comer D, Bailie K, Skibinski G, Heaney LG, Shields MD. Epidermal Growth Factor Removal or Tyrphostin AG1478 Treatment Reduces Goblet Cells & Mucus Secretion of Epithelial Cells from Asthmatic Children Using the Air-Liquid Interface Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129546. [PMID: 26057128 PMCID: PMC4461195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Epithelial remodelling in asthma is characterised by goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion for which no therapies exist. Differentiated bronchial air-liquid interface cultures from asthmatic children display high goblet cell numbers. Epidermal growth factor and its receptor have been implicated in goblet cell hyperplasia. Objectives We hypothesised that EGF removal or tyrphostin AG1478 treatment of differentiating air-liquid interface cultures from asthmatic children would result in a reduction of epithelial goblet cells and mucus secretion. Methods In Aim 1 primary bronchial epithelial cells from non-asthmatic (n = 5) and asthmatic (n = 5) children were differentiated under EGF-positive (10ng/ml EGF) and EGF-negative culture conditions for 28 days. In Aim 2, cultures from a further group of asthmatic children (n = 5) were grown under tyrphostin AG1478, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, conditions. All cultures were analysed for epithelial resistance, markers of differentiation using immunocytochemistry, ELISA for MUC5AC mucin secretion and qPCR for MUC5AC mRNA. Results In cultures from asthmatic children the goblet cell number was reduced in the EGF negative group (p = 0.01). Tyrphostin AG1478 treatment of cultures from asthmatic children had significant reductions in goblet cells at 0.2μg/ml (p = 0.03) and 2μg/ml (p = 0.003) as well as mucus secretion at 2μg/ml (p = 0.04). Conclusions We have shown in this preliminary study that through EGF removal and tyrphostin AG1478 treatment the goblet cell number and mucus hypersecretion in differentiating air-liquid interface cultures from asthmatic children is significantly reduced. This further highlights the epidermal growth factor receptor as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Parker
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Isobel Douglas
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jennifer Bell
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - David Comer
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Keith Bailie
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Grzegorz Skibinski
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Liam G. Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael D. Shields
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Luo Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Chen F, Luo X, Miao B, Wu X, Ma R, Luo X, Xu G, Shi J, Li H. Expression and Regulation of Transcription Factor FoxA2 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Nasal Polyps. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:458-66. [PMID: 25749777 PMCID: PMC4509658 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.5.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by the excessive production of mucus. However, the molecular mechanism underlying mucin overproduction in CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively) is poorly understood. This study was conducted to assess the importance of the transcription factor FoxA2 in mucin production and to investigate the targeting of FoxA2 as a potential therapeutic strategy for mucus hypersecretion in CRS patients. Methods We enrolled 15 CRSwNP patients, 15 CRSsNP patients, and 10 normal controls in this study. The expression levels of FoxA2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B in inflamed and healthy nasal tissues were examined via immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions were measured via FlowCytomix analysis. In addition, the expression of MUC5AC and FoxA2 was determined in polyp-derived epithelial cells and NCI-H292 cells after in vitro stimulation. Results FoxA2 was significantly down-regulated, and MUC5AC and MUC5B were significantly up-regulated in both the CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients compared to the controls (P<0.05), and the protein level of FoxA2 was negatively associated with the IL-6 level in the CRS patients (P<0.05). IL-6 significantly increased MUC5AC expression but inhibited FoxA2 expression in vitro (P<0.05). Transfection with a FoxA2 expression plasmid significantly decreased MUC5AC promoter activity (P<0.05) and inhibited IL-6-induced MUC5AC production (P<0.05). In addition, clarithromycin significantly alleviated IL-6-induced FoxA2 suppression and decreased MUC5AC expression in vitro (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that FoxA2 may be considered a therapeutic target for the modulation of mucus hypersecretion in CRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.; Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghong Chen
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beiping Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingmei Wu
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Ma
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Luo
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huabin Li
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ji X, Han M, Yun Y, Li G, Sang N. Acute nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure enhances airway inflammation via modulating Th1/Th2 differentiation and activating JAK-STAT pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:722-8. [PMID: 25462318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an air pollutant associated with poor respiratory health, asthma exacerbation, and an increased likelihood of inhalational allergies. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, the airway inflammatory response was first assessed in rats exposed to 5mg/m(3) NO2 for seven days. The results showed that NO2 exposure caused the pulmonary pathological alteration, and significantly stimulated MUC5AC expression. Following this, obviously up-regulated changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1) were observed. Also, NO2 inhalation induced the imbalance in the ratio of Th1/Th2 differentiation (IL-4, IFN-γ, GATA-3 and T-bet) and the activation of following JAK-STAT pathway (JAK1, JAK3 and STAT6). The findings clarify an important mechanism for NO2 inhalation being injurious to the lung and augmenting the degree of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Ming Han
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Trejo Bittar HE, Yousem SA, Wenzel SE. Pathobiology of severe asthma. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2014; 10:511-45. [PMID: 25423350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) afflicts a heterogeneous group of asthma patients who exhibit poor responses to traditional asthma medications. SA patients likely represent 5-10% of all asthma patients; however, they have a higher economic burden when compared with milder asthmatics. Considerable research has been performed on pathological pathways and structural changes associated with SA. Although limitations of the pathological approaches, ranging from sampling, to quantitative assessments, to heterogeneity of disease, have prevented a more definitive understanding of the underlying pathobiology, studies linking pathology to molecular markers to targeted therapies are beginning to solidify the identification of select molecular phenotypes. This review addresses the pathobiology of SA and discusses the current limitations of studies, the inflammatory cells and pathways linked to emerging phenotypes, and the structural and remodeling changes associated with severe disease. In all cases, an effort is made to link pathological findings to specific clinical/molecular phenotypes.
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Bai J, Miao B, Wu X, Luo X, Ma R, Zhang J, Li L, Shi J, Li H. Enhanced expression of SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor in Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:E97-103. [PMID: 25376946 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai
- Department of Otolaryngology; The First People's Hospital of Foshan City; Foshan
| | - Beiping Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology; The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen City; Shenzhen
| | - Xingmei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | | | - Renqiang Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai
- Department of Otolaryngology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Sondo E, Caci E, Galietta LJ. The TMEM16A chloride channel as an alternative therapeutic target in cystic fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 52:73-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wong EHC, Porter JD, Edwards MR, Johnston SL. The role of macrolides in asthma: current evidence and future directions. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:657-70. [PMID: 24948430 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, possess antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and potential antiviral properties. They represent a potential therapeutic option for asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Results from clinical trials, however, have been contentious. The findings could be confounded by many factors, including the heterogeneity of asthma, treatment duration, dose, and differing outcome measures. Recent evidence suggests improved effectiveness of macrolides in patients with sub-optimally controlled severe neutrophilic asthma and in asthma exacerbations. We examine the evidence from clinical trials and discuss macrolide properties and their relevance to the pathophysiology of asthma. At present, the use of macrolides in chronic asthma or acute exacerbations is not justified. Further work, including proteomic, genomic, and microbiome studies, will advance our knowledge of asthma phenotypes, and help to identify a macrolide-responsive subgroup. Future clinical trials should target this subgroup and place emphasis on clinically relevant outcomes such as asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie H C Wong
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James D Porter
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Abstract
TMEM16 proteins, also known as anoctamins, are involved in a variety of functions that include ion transport, phospholipid scrambling, and regulation of other membrane proteins. The first two members of the family, TMEM16A (anoctamin-1, ANO1) and TMEM16B (anoctamin-2, ANO2), function as Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs), a type of ion channel that plays important functions such as transepithelial ion transport, smooth muscle contraction, olfaction, phototransduction, nociception, and control of neuronal excitability. Genetic ablation of TMEM16A in mice causes impairment of epithelial Cl- secretion, tracheal abnormalities, and block of gastrointestinal peristalsis. TMEM16A is directly regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ as well as indirectly by its interaction with calmodulin. Other members of the anoctamin family, such as TMEM16C, TMEM16D, TMEM16F, TMEM16G, and TMEM16J, may work as phospholipid scramblases and/or ion channels. In particular, TMEM16F (ANO6) is a major contributor to the process of phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Intriguingly, TMEM16F is also associated with the appearance of anion/cation channels activated by very high Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, a TMEM16 protein expressed in Aspergillus fumigatus displays both ion channel and lipid scramblase activity. This finding suggests that dual function is an ancestral characteristic of TMEM16 proteins and that some members, such as TMEM16A and TMEM16B, have evolved to a pure channel function. Mutations in anoctamin genes (ANO3, ANO5, ANO6, and ANO10) cause various genetic diseases. These diseases suggest the involvement of anoctamins in a variety of cell functions whose link with ion transport and/or lipid scrambling needs to be clarified.
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Vallath S, Hynds RE, Succony L, Janes SM, Giangreco A. Targeting EGFR signalling in chronic lung disease: therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:513-22. [PMID: 24435005 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00146413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, are the second leading cause of death among Europeans. Despite this, there have been only a few therapeutic advances in these conditions over the past 20 years. In this review we provide evidence that targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway may represent a novel therapeutic panacea for treating chronic lung disease. Using evidence from human patient samples, transgenic animal models, and cell and molecular biology studies we highlight the roles of this signalling pathway in lung development, homeostasis, repair, and disease ontogeny. We identify mechanisms underlying lung EGFR pathway regulation and suggest how targeting these mechanisms using new and existing therapies has the potential to improve future lung cancer, COPD and pulmonary fibrosis patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Vallath
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Laura Succony
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Adam Giangreco
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
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Wei-xu H, Qin X, Zhu W, Yuan-yi C, Li-feng Z, Zhi-yong L, Dan H, Xiao-mu W, Guo-zhu H. Therapeutic potential of anti-IL-1β IgY in guinea pigs with allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin. Mol Immunol 2013; 58:139-49. [PMID: 24355520 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays pivotal roles in the progression of allergic airway inflammation. This study aims to determine whether the blockade of IL-1β can inhibit airway inflammation in guinea pigs with allergic asthma induced by the inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA). METHODS Healthy guinea pigs treated with saline were used as normal controls (group C). The guinea pigs with allergic asthma induced by the inhalation of aerosolized OVA were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the M group containing negative control animals treated with saline; (2) the Z1 group containing animals treated by the inhalation of atomized 0.1% anti-IL-1β immunoglobulin yolk (IgY); and (3) the Z2 group containing positive control animals that were treated with budesonide. The inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated using methylene blue and eosin staining. Cytokine concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary sections were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS Allergic inflammation and damage to the pulmonary tissues were decreased in the Z1 group compared to the M group. Eosinophils and neutrophils in the PB and BALF were significantly decreased in the Z1 group compared to the M group (P<0.05). Treatment with anti-IL-1β IgY significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IgE in the BALF (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The inhalation of aerosolized anti-IL-1β IgY inhibits pathological responses in the pulmonary tissues of guinea pigs with allergic asthma. The inhibitory activity may be due to the decrease in the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils and the reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and IgE in the PB and BALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wei-xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chen Yuan-yi
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zeng Li-feng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liu Zhi-yong
- Department of Experimental Animal, Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - He Dan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wu Xiao-mu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hu Guo-zhu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Sheridan JT, Gilmore RC, Watson MJ, Archer CB, Tarran R. 17β-Estradiol inhibits phosphorylation of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) protein: implication for store-operated calcium entry and chronic lung diseases. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33509-33518. [PMID: 24114840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.486662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex plays a significant role in the development of lung diseases including asthma, cancer, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. In cystic fibrosis, 17β-estradiol (E2) may inhibit store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) to impinge upon airway secretions, leaving females at greater risk of contracting lung infections. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-mediated SOCE is essential for cell homeostasis and regulates numerous processes including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, and secretion. E2 can signal nongenomically to modulate Ca(2+) signaling, but little is known of the underlying mechanisms. We found that E2 exposure inhibited STIM1 translocation in airway epithelia, preventing SOCE. This correlated with a decrease in STIM1-STIM1 FRET and STIM1 mobility in E2-exposed HEK293T cells co-expressing estrogen receptor α. We also examined the role of STIM1 phosphorylation in E2-mediated inhibition of STIM1 mobility. STIM1 is basally phosphorylated at serine 575, which is required for SOCE. Exposure to E2 significantly decreased STIM1 serine phosphorylation. Mutating serine 575 to an alanine blocked STIM1 phosphorylation, reduced basal STIM1 mobility, and rendered STIM1 insensitive to E2. These data indicate that E2 can signal nongenomically by inhibiting basal phosphorylation of STIM1, leading to a reduction in SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Sheridan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Michael J Watson
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Christopher B Archer
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
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Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Messow CM, Spears M, MacNee W, Connell M, Murchison JT, Sproule M, McSharry C. Chronic cough and sputum production are associated with worse clinical outcomes in stable asthma. Respir Med 2013; 107:1501-8. [PMID: 23927851 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cough and sputum production (chronic mucus hypersecretion) is a poorly described clinical feature of asthma. Our objective was to identify clinical, immunological and computed tomography (CT) measures of airway wall dimensions associated with these symptoms in smokers and never smokers with asthma. METHODS Cross-sectional data was analysed from 120 smokers and never smokers with asthma. Participants with and without a history of chronic mucus hypersecretion were compared for clinical outcomes, sputum differential cell counts and CT measures of airway dimensions (wall thickness, luminal area and percent wall area). RESULTS Chronic mucus hypersecretion occurred in a higher proportion of smokers with asthma (56%) than never smokers with asthma (20%), (p < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with these symptoms increased with asthma severity (p = 0.003). Smokers with asthma and chronic mucus hypersecretion had worse current clinical control than smokers without those symptoms [ACQ score 2.3 versus 1.6, p = 0.002]. A greater proportion of never smokers with chronic mucus hypersecretion required short courses of oral corticosteroids in the last year (58% versus 19%, p = 0.011). Sputum neutrophil and eosinophil counts were similar in asthma patients with or without chronic mucus hypersecretion. Of those with severe asthma and chronic mucus hypersecretion, a CT measure of airway lumen area was reduced in smokers compared to never smokers (11.4 mm(2) versus 18.4 mm(2); p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Chronic mucus hypersecretion occurs frequently in adults with stable asthma, particularly in smokers with severe disease and is associated with worse current clinical control in smokers and more exacerbations in never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Ou-Yang HF, Wu CG, Qu SY, Li ZK. Notch signaling downregulates MUC5AC expression in airway epithelial cells through Hes1-dependent mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 86:341-6. [PMID: 23860410 DOI: 10.1159/000350647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus overproduction is one of the major pathological features of asthma, and MUC5AC is the major mucin component of airway mucus. However, whether Notch signaling is implicated in the regulation of MUC5AC expression in airway secretary cells is still undetermined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether Notch signaling can regulate MUC5AC expression and explore the molecular mechanisms. METHODS Mouse mtCC1-2 cells and human NCI-H292 cells were transfected with NIC, and MUC5AC expression was examined. Using gene reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and ChIP assays, the activity of both mouse and human MUC5AC promoter was analyzed. RESULTS Notch signaling regulated MUC5AC expression both in mouse mtCC1-2 cells and in human NCI-H292 cells. Several Hes-binding site N-boxes were identified in the 5' region of both mouse and human MUC5AC promoters. Overexpression of NIC resulted in activation of the MUC5AC promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis report assays revealed that Hes proteins might repress both mouse and human MUC5AC promoter activity. Furthermore, ChIP assays confirmed that Hes1 binds to the MUC5AC promoter both in mouse mtCC1-2 cells and in human NCI-H292 cells. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling can directly downregulate MUC5AC promoter activity through Hes1-dependent mechanisms, which may be identified as possible targets for pharmacotherapy of airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Bouchard JC, Beal DR, Kim J, Vaickus LJ, Remick DG. Chemokines mediate ethanol-induced exacerbations of murine cockroach allergen asthma. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:203-16. [PMID: 23574317 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma imposes considerable patient and economic burdens, with the most severe cases causing the greatest affliction. Identifying stimuli that worsen asthma severity is an essential step to controlling both disease morbidity and the lessening economic impact. This study provides the first mechanistic investigation into how acute ethanol exposure will increase asthma severity in a murine model of mild cockroach allergen (CRA)-induced asthma. Outbred mice were sensitized to induce mild allergic asthma, with intratracheal CRA exposures on days 0 and 14. On day 21 mice were gavaged with water or 32% ethanol, and the third allergen exposure was given 30 min post-gavage. Asthmatic responses were measured at several time-points up to 42 h after the third allergen challenge. Ethanol-gavaged mice showed increased asthma severity within 90 min post-allergen challenge, with exacerbations lasting for 24 h. Ethanol caused greater airways obstruction, including an eightfold increase in epithelial cell mucin and increased mucus plugs, resulting in a 50% reduction in bronchiole patency. Ethanol gavage also induced significant increases in airways hyperreactivity. While T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines were not altered by ethanol gavage, pulmonary neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment were augmented. This increase was associated with increased chemokine production. Administration 2 h prior to ethanol gavage of a neutralizing antibody cocktail to keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 prevented ethanol-induced eosinophil recruitment and airways hyperreactivity. These data provide evidence that acute alcohol exposure immediately prior to a mild allergen-triggered asthmatic episode will exacerbate asthma severity mediated by increased production of chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bouchard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Oldenburger A, Maarsingh H, Schmidt M. Multiple facets of cAMP signalling and physiological impact: cAMP compartmentalization in the lung. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:1291-331. [PMID: 24281338 PMCID: PMC3816672 DOI: 10.3390/ph5121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies involving elevation of the endogenous suppressor cyclic AMP (cAMP) are currently used in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Characteristics of COPD are airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway remodelling, processes encompassed by increased airway smooth muscle mass, epithelial changes, goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia. In addition to inflammatory cells, airway smooth muscle cells and (myo)fibroblasts, epithelial cells underpin a variety of key responses in the airways such as inflammatory cytokine release, airway remodelling, mucus hypersecretion and airway barrier function. Cigarette smoke, being next to environmental pollution the main cause of COPD, is believed to cause epithelial hyperpermeability by disrupting the barrier function. Here we will focus on the most recent progress on compartmentalized signalling by cAMP. In addition to G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, cAMP-specific phospho-diesterases (PDEs) maintain compartmentalized cAMP signalling. Intriguingly, spatially discrete cAMP-sensing signalling complexes seem also to involve distinct members of the A-kinase anchoring (AKAP) superfamily and IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein (IQGAPs). In this review, we will highlight the interaction between cAMP and the epithelial barrier to retain proper lung function and to alleviate COPD symptoms and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Future studies should include the development of cAMP-sensing multiprotein complex specific disruptors and/or stabilizers to orchestrate cellular functions. Compartmentalized cAMP signalling regulates important cellular processes in the lung and may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Oldenburger
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Dekkers BGJ, Racké K, Schmidt M. Distinct PKA and Epac compartmentalization in airway function and plasticity. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:248-65. [PMID: 23089371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive lung diseases characterized by airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway remodelling. Next to inflammatory cells and airway epithelial cells, airway mesenchymal cells, including airway smooth muscle cells and (myo)fibroblasts, substantially contribute to disease features by the release of inflammatory mediators, smooth muscle contraction, extracellular matrix deposition and structural changes in the airways. Current pharmacological treatment of both diseases intends to target the dynamic features of the endogenous intracellular suppressor cyclic AMP (cAMP). This review will summarize our current knowledge on cAMP and will emphasize on key discoveries and paradigm shifts reflecting the complex spatio-temporal nature of compartmentalized cAMP signalling networks in health and disease. As airway fibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells are recognized as central players in the development and progression of asthma and COPD, we will focus on the role of cAMP signalling in their function in relation to airway function and plasticity. We will recapture on the recent identification of cAMP-sensing multi-protein complexes maintained by cAMP effectors, including A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), proteins kinase A (PKA), exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), cAMP-elevating seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and we will report on findings indicating that the pertubation of compartmentalized cAMP signalling correlates with the pathopysiology of obstructive lung diseases. Future challenges include studies on cAMP dynamics and compartmentalization in the lung and the development of novel drugs targeting these systems for therapeutic interventions in chronic obstructive inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Dekkers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Center of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Porter DW, Hubbs AF, Chen BT, McKinney W, Mercer RR, Wolfarth MG, Battelli L, Wu N, Sriram K, Leonard S, Andrew M, Willard P, Tsuruoka S, Endo M, Tsukada T, Munekane F, Frazer DG, Castranova V. Acute pulmonary dose-responses to inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1179-94. [PMID: 22881873 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.719649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo pulmonary toxicity of inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Mice-inhaled aerosolized MWCNT (10 mg/m³, 5 h/day) for 2, 4, 8 or 12 days. MWCNT lung burden was linearly related to exposure duration. MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation was assessed by determining whole lung lavage (WLL) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Lung cytotoxicity was assessed by WLL fluid LDH activities. WLL fluid albumin concentrations were determined as a marker of alveolar air-blood barrier integrity. These parameters significantly increased in MWCNT-exposed mice versus controls and were dose-dependent. Histopathologic alterations identified in the lung included (1) bronciolocentric inflammation, (2) bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, (3) fibrosis, (4) vascular changes and (5) rare pleural penetration. MWCNT translocated to the lymph node where the deep paracortex was expanded after 8 or 12 days. Acute inhalation of MWCNT induced dose-dependent pulmonary inflammation and damage with rapid development of pulmonary fibrosis, and also demonstrated that MWCNT can reach the pleura after inhalation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale W Porter
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, WV , USA
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Tang H, Wang H, Bai J, Ding M, Liu W, Xia W, Luo Q, Xu G, Li H, Fang J. Sensitivity of MUC5AC to Topical Corticosteroid is Negatively Associated with Interleukin-17A in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 26:359-64. [PMID: 23168149 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Although Interleukin (IL)-17A has been suggested to play a role in corticosteroid hyporesponsiveness, whether IL-17A is able to affect the sensitivity of MUC5AC to intranasal corticosteroid treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) is unclear. Methods Twenty patients with moderate to severe AR were enrolled in this study and the expression of MUC5AC, IL-17A, and glucocorticoid receptor beta (GR beta) was detected using immunochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before and after treatment with fluticasone propionate (FP) nasal spray for 4 weeks, respectively. In addition, the effects of FP on IL-13– and IL-17A–induced MUC5AC and GR beta were also evaluated in the primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in vitro. Results The increased MUC5AC expression was associated with IL-17A levels in AR, and IL-17A was found to affect the inhibition of MUC5AC by corticosteroid treatment. Both IL-13 and IL-17A significantly promoted MUC5AC mRNA expression in HNECs, and FP treatment was able to significantly inhibit MUC5AC mRNA expression in HNECs induced by IL-13 but not for that induced by IL-17A. Also, IL-17A but not IL-13 promoted GR beta mRNA expression in HNECs, which was not affected by administration of corticosteroid. Conclusion Our results suggest that the sensitivity of MUC5AC to topical corticosteroid is negatively associated with IL-17A in AR patients. This might help us to gain more insight into the pathophysiology and the pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms on AR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Tang
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghong Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentong Xia
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kojima K, Imoto S, Yamaguchi R, Fujita A, Yamauchi M, Gotoh N, Miyano S. Identifying regulational alterations in gene regulatory networks by state space representation of vector autoregressive models and variational annealing. BMC Genomics 2012; 13 Suppl 1:S6. [PMID: 22369122 PMCID: PMC3587380 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-s1-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the analysis of effects by cell treatment such as drug dosing, identifying changes on gene network structures between normal and treated cells is a key task. A possible way for identifying the changes is to compare structures of networks estimated from data on normal and treated cells separately. However, this approach usually fails to estimate accurate gene networks due to the limited length of time series data and measurement noise. Thus, approaches that identify changes on regulations by using time series data on both conditions in an efficient manner are demanded. Methods We propose a new statistical approach that is based on the state space representation of the vector autoregressive model and estimates gene networks on two different conditions in order to identify changes on regulations between the conditions. In the mathematical model of our approach, hidden binary variables are newly introduced to indicate the presence of regulations on each condition. The use of the hidden binary variables enables an efficient data usage; data on both conditions are used for commonly existing regulations, while for condition specific regulations corresponding data are only applied. Also, the similarity of networks on two conditions is automatically considered from the design of the potential function for the hidden binary variables. For the estimation of the hidden binary variables, we derive a new variational annealing method that searches the configuration of the binary variables maximizing the marginal likelihood. Results For the performance evaluation, we use time series data from two topologically similar synthetic networks, and confirm that our proposed approach estimates commonly existing regulations as well as changes on regulations with higher coverage and precision than other existing approaches in almost all the experimental settings. For a real data application, our proposed approach is applied to time series data from normal Human lung cells and Human lung cells treated by stimulating EGF-receptors and dosing an anticancer drug termed Gefitinib. In the treated lung cells, a cancer cell condition is simulated by the stimulation of EGF-receptors, but the effect would be counteracted due to the selective inhibition of EGF-receptors by Gefitinib. However, gene expression profiles are actually different between the conditions, and the genes related to the identified changes are considered as possible off-targets of Gefitinib. Conclusions From the synthetically generated time series data, our proposed approach can identify changes on regulations more accurately than existing methods. By applying the proposed approach to the time series data on normal and treated Human lung cells, candidates of off-target genes of Gefitinib are found. According to the published clinical information, one of the genes can be related to a factor of interstitial pneumonia, which is known as a side effect of Gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Kojima
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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