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Teo MYK, Ibrahim H, Lin CKR, Hamid NABA, Govindasamy R, Somasundaram N, Lim C, Goh JL, Zhou Y, Tay KT, Ong RRS, Tan V, Toh Y, Pisupati A, Raveendran V, Chua KZY, Quah ELY, Sivakumar J, Senthilkumar SD, Suresh K, Loo WTW, Wong RSM, Pei Y, Sng JH, Quek SQM, Owyong JLJ, Yeoh TT, Ong EK, Phua GLG, Mason S, Hill R, Chowdhury AR, Ong SYK, Krishna LKR. Mentoring as a complex adaptive system - a systematic scoping review of prevailing mentoring theories in medical education. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:726. [PMID: 38970020 PMCID: PMC11225364 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective mentorship is an important component of medical education with benefits to all stakeholders. In recent years, conceptualization of mentorship has gone beyond the traditional dyadic experienced mentor-novice mentee relationship to include group and peer mentoring. Existing theories of mentorship do not recognize mentoring's personalized, evolving, goal-driven, and context-specific nature. Evidencing the limitations of traditional cause-and-effect concepts, the purpose of this review was to systematically search the literature to determine if mentoring can be viewed as a complex adaptive system (CAS). METHODS A systematic scoping review using Krishna's Systematic Evidence-Based Approach was employed to study medical student and resident accounts of mentoring and CAS in general internal medicine and related subspecialties in articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023 in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The included articles underwent thematic and content analysis, with the themes identified and combined to create domains, which framed the discussion. RESULTS Of 5,704 abstracts reviewed, 134 full-text articles were evaluated, and 216 articles were included. The domains described how mentoring relationships and mentoring approaches embody characteristics of CAS and that mentorship often behaves as a community of practice (CoP). Mentoring's CAS-like features are displayed through CoPs, with distinct boundaries, a spiral mentoring trajectory, and longitudinal mentoring support and assessment processes. CONCLUSION Recognizing mentorship as a CAS demands the rethinking of the design, support, assessment, and oversight of mentorship and the role of mentors. Further study is required to better assess the mentoring process and to provide optimal training and support to mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Yu Kai Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Halah Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Casper Keegan Ronggui Lin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, #02-03, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nur Amira Binte Abdul Hamid
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ranitha Govindasamy
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, #02-03, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Crystal Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Medical Social Services, Singapore General Hospital, Block 3, Singapore, 169854, Singapore
| | - Jia Ling Goh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhou
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Kuang Teck Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ryan Rui Song Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Youru Toh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Anushka Pisupati
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Vijayprasanth Raveendran
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Keith Zi Yuan Chua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Elaine Li Ying Quah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Jeevasuba Sivakumar
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Samyuktha Dhanalakshmi Senthilkumar
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Keerthana Suresh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Wesley Teck Wee Loo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ruth Si Man Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Yiying Pei
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Julia Huina Sng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Simone Qian Min Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Lerk Juan Owyong
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ting Ting Yeoh
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Eng Koon Ong
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Assisi Hospice, 832 Thomson Road, Singapore, 574627, Singapore
| | - Gillian Li Gek Phua
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK
| | - Ruaraidh Hill
- Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building The Quadrangle, Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Anupama Roy Chowdhury
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 3, College Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Simon Yew Kuang Ong
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, #02-03, 117597, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.
- Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building The Quadrangle, Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
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Cabana MD, de Alarcon PA, Allen E, Bean XD, Brophy PD, Cordova de Ortega L, Degnon L, First LR, Dennery PA, Salazar JC, Schleien C, St Geme JW, Parra-Roide L, Walker-Harding LR. Pediatric Department Approaches to Promote Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. J Pediatr 2024; 270:113951. [PMID: 38331346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cabana
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY.
| | - Pedro A de Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL
| | - Erin Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Xylina D Bean
- Department of Pediatrics, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN
| | - Patrick D Brophy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | - Lewis R First
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Juan C Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT; Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | - Charles Schleien
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Queens, NY
| | - Joseph W St Geme
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lilia Parra-Roide
- Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Leslie R Walker-Harding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
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3
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Sevelius JM, Harris OO, Bowleg L. Intersectional Mentorship in Academic Medicine: A Conceptual Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:503. [PMID: 38673414 PMCID: PMC11050481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Academic medical institutions seek to recruit and retain a diverse workforce to foster equitable, supportive environments in which early-stage investigators, especially those who are underrepresented in medicine, can thrive. Intersectionality is a critical theoretical framework rooted in Black feminist activism and scholarship that elucidates how power and privilege are differentially structured for groups at different intersectional sociodemographic positions. As a dynamic method of analyzing multiple axes of power and inequality, intersectionality has the potential to offer a critical lens through which to view the mentor-mentee relationship. In this article, we seek to elaborate upon and extend the concept of intersectional mentoring, elucidate its essential components, and explore its application in the context of mentoring early-stage investigators in academic medicine. We propose that intersectional mentorship requires an orientation toward deep cultural humility, lifetime learning about the impact of systemic oppressions on present-day opportunities and experiences of mentees, and changing systems that perpetuate inequities by centering praxis-the application of principles of intersectionality through action to transform power dynamics in academic culture and institutions. Intersectional mentorship can help build a more equitable and representative workforce to advance intersectionally relevant and innovative approaches to achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae M. Sevelius
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Orlando O. Harris
- Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Lisa Bowleg
- Applied Social Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
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4
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Andreae DA, Massand S, Dellasega C. The physician experience of patient to provider prejudice (PPtP). Front Public Health 2024; 12:1304107. [PMID: 38469272 PMCID: PMC10925775 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1304107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients can demonstrate prejudice and bias toward minoritized physicians in a destructive dynamic identified as PPtP (Patient Prejudice toward Providers). These interactions have a negative impact on the physical and mental well-being of both those who are targeted and those who witness such behaviors. Study purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the PPtP experiences of attending physicians who identify as a minority based on race, ethnicity, citizenship status, or faith preference. Methods Qualitative methodology was used to collect data using in-depth interviews. 15 attending physicians (8 male, 7 female, aged 33-55 years) who identified as minorities based on ethnicity, citizenship status, or faith practices were interviewed individually. Interviews were conducted using a guide validated in previous studies and content analysis was performed by two trained researchers to identify themes. Results Five themes were identified: A Continuum of Offenses, Professional Growth through Adversity, Organizational Issues, Role of Colleagues, and Consequences for Provision of Care. Findings suggest that although attending physicians learned to cope with PPtP, the experience of being treated with bias negatively impacted their well-being and work performance. Attending physicians also felt that white majority medical students sometimes treated them with prejudice but expressed a commitment to protecting vulnerable trainees from PPtP. Conclusion The experience of PPtP occurs consistently throughout a career in medicine, often beginning in the years of training and persisting into the phase of attending status. This makes it imperative to include strategies that address PPtP in order to successfully recruit and retain minoritized physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doerthe A. Andreae
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sameer Massand
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Cheryl Dellasega
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, United States
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5
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Lim KHJ, Westphalen CB, Berghoff AS, Cardone C, Connolly EA, Güven DC, Kfoury M, Kocakavuk E, Mandó P, Mariamidze E, Matikas A, Moutafi M, Oing C, Pihlak R, Punie K, Sánchez-Bayona R, Sobczuk P, Starzer AM, Tečić Vuger A, Zhu H, Cruz-Ordinario MVB, Altuna SC, Canário R, Vuylsteke P, Banerjee S, de Azambuja E, Cervantes A, Lambertini M, Mateo J, Amaral T. Young oncologists' perspective on the role and future of the clinician-scientist in oncology. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101625. [PMID: 37659290 PMCID: PMC10480053 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K H J Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - C B Westphalen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital LMU Munich, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Munich and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A S Berghoff
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Cardone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - E A Connolly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - D C Güven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kfoury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - E Kocakavuk
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Mandó
- Clinical Oncology Department, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Mariamidze
- Todua Clinic Department of Oncology and Haematology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - A Matikas
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Moutafi
- Department of Oncology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - C Oing
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Centre HaTriCS4, University Cancer Centre Hamburg, University Medical Centre Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Pihlak
- Medical Oncology Department, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Punie
- Department of Medical Oncology, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - R Sánchez-Bayona
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A M Starzer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tečić Vuger
- Breast Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M V B Cruz-Ordinario
- Section of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Metro Manila, the Philippines
| | - S C Altuna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncomédica, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - R Canário
- Cancer Metastasis, i3S-Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, Porto; Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto; ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Vuylsteke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - S Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - E de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Cervantes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Clinical di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - J Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Amaral
- Centre for Dermatooncology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Cluster of Excellence IFIT (EXC2180), Tübingen, Germany
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Anderson JA, Kisel T, Montoya MM, Campbell KM. Locally Connected Underrepresented Minority Faculty in Academic Medicine. South Med J 2023; 116:750-752. [PMID: 37657782 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Anderson
- From the Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Tibor Kisel
- From the Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Melissa M Montoya
- the Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, El Paso
| | - Kendall M Campbell
- From the Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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7
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Soranno DE, Simon TD, Bora S, Lohr JL, Bagga B, Carroll K, Daniels SR, Davis SD, Fernandez Y Garcia E, Orange JS, Overholser B, Sedano S, Tarini BA, White MJ, Spector ND. Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the Pediatric Faculty Research Workforce: Call to Action. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2022060841. [PMID: 37529881 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara D Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samudragupta Bora
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie L Lohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota
| | - Bindiya Bagga
- Department of Pediatrics, LeBonheur Children's Hospital and University of Tennessee, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kecia Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Stephanie D Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erik Fernandez Y Garcia
- Division of General Pediatrics, UC Davis Health Department of Pediatrics, Sacramento, California
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Sabrina Sedano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beth A Tarini
- Department of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michelle J White
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nancy D Spector
- Department of Pediatrics
- Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Lowry AC. Numbers Do Not Tell the Whole Story. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66:1146-1148. [PMID: 37341518 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Lowry
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Minnesota Wilson Library, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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9
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Womack VY, Onyango L, Campbell PB, McGee R. "In the back of my mind": A Longitudinal Multiple Case Study Analysis of Successful Black Women Biomedical Graduate Students Navigating Gendered Racism. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2023; 22:ar33. [PMID: 37368972 PMCID: PMC10424223 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.22-06-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Black women in graduate school can experience stress due to blatant and subtle acts of gendered racism. However, we do not know how such stressors are navigated over time among those who successfully complete their PhDs. The current study used a Black feminist thought framework and narrative analysis to conduct a longitudinal exploration of how three successful Black women biomedical graduate students make sense of and respond to gendered racism they experienced and the coping strategies they employ as they persist. When interacting with others, the women experienced low expectations and doubts about being legitimate scientists. These experiences contributed to feelings of isolation, impacted their networking opportunities, and dampened their view of the desirability of an academic career postgraduation. Over time, their coping strategies for dealing with negative racial and gendered racial stereotypes and biases shifted from opting to "prove others wrong" or working harder, to leaning on their social networks for camaraderie and advice as well as choosing to not exert energy to form a response. Implications for mentoring and mentoring programs at the graduate level and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programming are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Y. Womack
- Searle Center for Advancing Learning and Teaching, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Letitia Onyango
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | - Richard McGee
- Faculty Affairs, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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10
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Guevara JP, Aysola J, Wade R, Nfonoyim B, Qiu M, Reece M, Carroll KN. Diversity in the pediatric research workforce: a scoping review of the literature. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:904-914. [PMID: 37185966 PMCID: PMC10129297 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review is to determine trends in racial and ethnic representation, identify barriers and facilitators to greater diversity, and assess strategies and interventions to advance diversity among those in the pediatric research workforce in the U.S. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed supplemented with the authors' personal library of papers published from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021. To be eligible, papers had to provide original data, be published in English, report information from a U.S. healthcare institution, and report on outcomes of interest relevant to the child health field. The diversity of faculty has modestly increased over the past decade but reflects a worsening representation compared to overall population trends. This slow increase reflects a loss of diverse faculty and has been referred to as a "leaky pipeline." Strategies to plug the "leaky pipeline" include greater investments in pipeline programs, implementation of holistic review and implicit bias training, development of mentoring and faculty programs targeted to diverse faculty and trainees, alleviation of burdensome administrative tasks, and creation of more inclusive institutional environments. Modest improvements in the racial and ethnic diversity of the pediatric research workforce were identified. However, this reflects worsening overall representation given changing U.S. population demographics. IMPACT: Racial and ethnic diversity in the pediatric research workforce has shown modest increases but worsening overall representation. This review identified barriers and facilitators at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional levels that impact BIPOC trainees and faculty career advancement. Strategies to improve the pathway for BIPOC individuals include greater investments in pipeline and educational programs, implementation of holistic review admissions and bias training, institution of mentoring and sponsorship, alleviation of burdensome administrative responsibilities, and creation of inclusive institutional climates. Future studies should rigorously test the effects of interventions and strategies designed to improve diversity in the pediatric research workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Guevara
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jaya Aysola
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy Wade
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bianca Nfonoyim
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maylene Qiu
- Biotech Commons Library, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Reece
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Russel SM, Carter TM, Wright ST, Hirshfield LE. How Do Academic Medicine Pathways Differ for Underrepresented Trainees and Physicians? A Critical Scoping Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:00001888-990000000-00537. [PMID: 37556817 PMCID: PMC10834859 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Academic medicine faces difficulty recruiting and retaining a diverse workforce. The proportion of medical students who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) is smaller than the proportion of URiM's in the general population, and these numbers worsen with each step up the academic medicine ladder. Previously known as the "leaky pipeline," this phenomenon may be better understood as disparate "pathways with potholes," which acknowledges the different structural barriers that URiM trainees and faculty face in academic medicine. This critical scoping review analyzed current literature to determine what variables contribute to the inequitable "pathways and potholes" URiM physicians experience in academic medicine. METHOD The authors combined scoping review methodology with a critical lens. The comprehensive search strategy used terms about academic medicine, underrepresented groups, and leaving academic medical careers. One reviewer conducted screening, full text review, and data extraction while in consultation with members of the research team. Data extraction focused on themes related to pathways and potholes, such as attrition, recruitment, and retention in academic medicine. Themes were iteratively merged, and quality of contribution to the field and literature gaps were noted. RESULTS Included papers clustered into attrition, recruitment, and retention. Those pertaining to attrition noted that URiM faculty are less likely to get promoted even when controlling for scholarly output, and a hostile work environment may exacerbate attrition. Recruitment and retention strategies were most effective when multi-pronged approaches changed every step of the recruitment and promotion processes. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide examples of various "potholes" that can affect representation in academic medicine of URiM trainees and faculty. However, only a few studies examined the link between isolating and hostile work environments, the so-called "chilly climate," and attrition from academic medicine. Understanding these concepts is key to producing the most effective interventions to improve diversity in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Russel
- S.M. Russel is a third-year resident physician, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-8047
| | - Taylor M Carter
- T.M. Carter is a fourth-year resident physician, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and a surgical education fellow, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sarah T Wright
- S.T. Wright is a librarian, Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura E Hirshfield
- L.E. Hirshfield is The Dr. Georges Bordage Medical Education Faculty Scholar and associate professor of medical education and sociology, Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-2994
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12
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Morrison JM, Cotter JM, Jenkins AM, Kyler KE, Girdwood SCT. Fostering sustainable interinstitutional peer mentorship groups to support professional goals in hospital medicine. J Hosp Med 2023; 18:761-764. [PMID: 36583263 PMCID: PMC10310880 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Florida, Saint Petersburg, USA
| | - Jillian M. Cotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hospital Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashley M. Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Kyler
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sonya C. Tang Girdwood
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Hospital Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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13
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Frizell CA, Caruthers KL, Sturges D. Intentional Mentoring of Healthcare Provider Students from Underrepresented Groups in Medicine. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:807-808. [PMID: 37501801 PMCID: PMC10368595 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A. Frizell
- Department of Physician Assistant Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kara L. Caruthers
- Department of Physician Assistant Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Daytheon Sturges
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, MEDEX Northwest, Seattle, WA USA
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14
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Silver JK, Gavini N. The Push-Pull Mentoring Model: Ensuring the Success of Mentors and Mentees. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e48037. [PMID: 37227764 DOI: 10.2196/48037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mentorship is vital for professional development in academic research and clinical practice, yet it faces challenges due to a limited number of experienced mentors and a lack of protected time for mentorship that may disproportionately affect women mentors in midcareer who are doing much of this "invisible work." The Push-Pull Mentoring Model offers a potential solution by emphasizing shared responsibility and active engagement between mentors and mentees; it fosters a flexible and collaborative approach that is mutually (though not necessarily equally) supportive of both individuals' career goals, with mentees pushing mentors up and facilitating opportunities in their realm of influence, including but not limited to sponsorship, while mentors are simultaneously pulling them up. The Push-Pull Mentoring Model provides a promising alternative to traditional mentoring models and may help institutions address the challenges associated with limited mentorship resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Silver
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nara Gavini
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Campbell KM. Mitigating the Isolation of Minoritized Faculty in Academic Medicine. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:1751-1755. [PMID: 36547754 PMCID: PMC10212885 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of faculty who are underrepresented in medicine has been a focus of academic health systems. Understanding the experiences of these faculty helps in creating environments that are inclusive and supportive, promoting faculty success. When compared with non-minoritized faculty, minoritized faculty face racism, isolation, diversity efforts disparities, clinical efforts disparities, lack of faculty development, and promotion disparities. While there have been contributions to the literature to better characterize disparities faced by minoritized faculty, little has been written about isolation. Isolation occurs when faculty underrepresented in medicine do not feel like part of the department or institution. They may feel excluded from mainstream culture as if they are invisible. They may be excluded from conversations, group chats, get togethers, or other work-related or social functions. These feelings can manifest as imposter syndrome and impact work performance and decision-making. In this article, the author shares how to recognize and mitigate isolation to promote an inclusive environment for all faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall M Campbell
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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16
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Lawson MB, Lee CI, Partridge SC, Rahbar H. Breast Imaging Research: Tips for Obtaining Funding and Sustaining a Successful Career. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2023; 5:351-359. [PMID: 37223454 PMCID: PMC10202023 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Many factors are involved in the successful development of early career breast imaging radiologists into independent investigators conducting impactful research. Key basic prerequisites for success include a motivated and resilient radiologist, institutional and departmental commitment to supporting early career physician-scientists, strong mentorship, and a flexible strategy for extramural funding that accounts for individualized professional goals. In this review, we describe these factors in greater detail, providing a practical overview for residents, fellows, and junior faculty who are interested in an academic career as a breast imaging radiologist engaged in original scientific research. We also describe the essential pieces of grant applications and summarize the professional milestones for early career physician-scientists as they look toward promotion to associate professor and sustained extramural funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Lawson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christoph I Lee
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Health Services, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Savannah C Partridge
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Habib Rahbar
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Bates CR, Bakula DM, Egbert AH, Gerhardt CA, Davis AM, Psihogios AM. Addressing Barriers to Career Development Awards for Early Career Women in Pediatric Psychology. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:320-329. [PMID: 36898037 PMCID: PMC10118852 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide person and system-level recommendations for supporting early career women in the field of pediatric psychology in writing and submitting National Institutes of Health (NIH) Career Development Award (K award) applications. Recommendations are provided in the context of common barriers, with a focus on practical solutions. METHODS Publicly available NIH reporter data were compiled to examine rates of funding for Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) members. Barriers that women face when initiating programs of research are described and applied to the field of pediatric psychology. RESULTS Of current SPP members, 3.9% (n = 50) have ever received an NIH K award. Approximately 88.5% of SPP members identify as women, including 89.0% of SPP K award recipients. A table of person- and systems-level recommendations is provided to offer strategies for mentees, mentors/sponsors, institutions, and national organizations to address the barriers discussed. CONCLUSIONS By addressing gender-specific barriers to submitting K award applications, we hope to increase the number of women K awardees and support the scientific advancement of pediatric psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, USA
| | - Dana M Bakula
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, USA
- University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, USA
| | - Amy H Egbert
- Department of Psychological Sciences, The University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, USA
| | - Ann M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, USA
| | - Alexandra M Psihogios
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
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18
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Sotto-Santiago S, Mac J, Genao I. "Value my culture, value me": a case for culturally relevant mentoring in medical education and academic medicine. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:229. [PMID: 37041637 PMCID: PMC10088169 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mentoring programs are one mechanism used to increase diversity and participation of historically underrepresented groups in academic medicine. However, more knowledge is needed about the mentoring experiences and how culturally relevant concepts and perspectives may influence diverse students, trainees, and faculty success. This case study utilized the Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) model which examines the experiences of students in higher education. We used this model to examine the mentoring experiences of Black and Latine faculty and offer practical implications for the medical education continuum. METHODS Our research approach is best understood through qualitative inquiry stemming from a single-case study which allowed for in-depth understanding of the contexts informing the phenomenon. Phenomenology is well positioned to contribute to understanding science and health professions. Selection criteria included individuals who self-identified as Black or Latine; inclusive of all faculty ranks and tracks. This analysis focuses on 8 semi-structured interviews, averaging 3 h in length. RESULTS Findings centered on the area of cultural relevance, and participant narratives revealed the connection of mentoring with cultural familiarity, culturally relevant knowledge, cultural service and engagement, and cultural validation. CONCLUSION The use of cultural relevance indicators can inform the creation and evolution of mentoring programs towards holistic support of historically underrepresented trainees and faculty. Implications also focus on the development of mentors and championing the incorporation of cultural humility in the mentoring process. The implications in praxis offers the possibility for a new framework for culturally relevant mentoring (CRM). Through this framework we aim to enhance and facilitate inclusive learning environments and career development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylk Sotto-Santiago
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 305, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indianapolis, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Mac
- Department of Counseling and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, USA
| | - Inginia Genao
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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19
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Jagsi R, Beeland TD, Sia K, Szczygiel LA, Allen MR, Arora VM, Bair-Merritt M, Bauman MD, Bogner HR, Daumit G, Davis E, Fagerlin A, Ford DE, Gbadegesin R, Griendling K, Hartmann K, Hedayati SS, Jackson RD, Matulevicius S, Mugavero MJ, Nehl EJ, Neogi T, Regensteiner JG, Rubin MA, Rubio D, Singer K, Tucker Edmonds B, Volerman A, Laney S, Patton C, Escobar Alvarez S. Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists: innovating support for early-career family caregivers. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:166075. [PMID: 36453546 PMCID: PMC9711869 DOI: 10.1172/jci166075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Sia
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew R. Allen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vineet M. Arora
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Hillary R. Bogner
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gail Daumit
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Esa Davis
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela Fagerlin
- University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel E. Ford
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Rubin
- University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Doris Rubio
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Volerman
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Chen JC, Pawlik T, Kelly EP, Obeng-Gyasi S. Intersectionality in patients with cancer: who should care and why? Future Oncol 2022; 18:4137-4140. [PMID: 36802840 PMCID: PMC10072129 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JC Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timothy Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palmer Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Samilia Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Bath EP, Brown K, Harris C, Guerrero A, Kozman D, Flippen CC, Garraway I, Watson K, Holly L, Godoy SM, Norris K, Wyatt G. For us by us: Instituting mentorship models that credit minoritized medical faculty expertise and lived experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:966193. [PMID: 36341236 PMCID: PMC9634999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.966193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The woefully low proportion of scientists and clinicians underrepresented in medicine (UIM), including members of African-American/Black, Hispanic/Latinx, American Indian/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander communities, is well characterized and documented. Diversity in medicine is not only just, but it improves quality and outcomes. Yet, diversity in academic medicine remains stagnant, despite national recognition and urgent calls to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion across health sciences. One strategy that has shown to improve diversity in many sectors is high quality mentoring. While many institutions have adopted mentoring programs, there remains a lack of mentorship that is equitable, individualized, and sets a clear timeline for academic milestones that will position UIM mentees at the optimal trajectory for promotion and retention. A barrier to assembling these programs is the small number of UIM among the senior faculty ranks who are able to serve in this role, given the disproportionate burden to serve on a multitude of academic committees, task forces, and workgroups to fulfill institutional mandates to diversify representation. These time-consuming services, documented in the literature as the "minority tax," are generally uncompensated and unaccounted for in terms of consideration for promotion, leadership positions, and other measures of career advancement. The Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Academic Mentors (JAM) Council represents a novel, culturally responsive, and anti-racist approach to achieve a more equitable and inclusive institutional environment. This approach strategically leverages the intergenerational wisdom and experience of senior UIM faculty via time-protected effort with the overall goals of improving rates of promotion, retention, and career satisfaction of early career UIM colleagues. This community case study describes the rationale, resources needed, processes, and proposed workflow required to launch the JAM Council, as well as the major roles and responsibilities for JAM mentors and mentees, which may be considered by academic medical centers focused on improving diversity among the faculty ranks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eraka P. Bath
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Brown
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina Harris
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alma Guerrero
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Kozman
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles C. Flippen
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isla Garraway
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Urology, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karol Watson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Langston Holly
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah M. Godoy
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Keith Norris
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gail Wyatt
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Enrollment of Individuals From Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Gynecologic Cancer Precision Oncology Trials. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:654-661. [PMID: 36075065 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize whether enrollment patterns in precision oncology clinical trials for gynecologic cancers reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of patients with gynecologic cancers in the United States. METHODS ClinicalTrials.gov was queried to perform this cross-sectional review. We included precision oncology trials -defined as trials using molecular profiling of a tumor or the patient genome to identify targetable alterations to guide treatment-of ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvar cancers in the United States. National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and United States Census Bureau data were used to estimate cancer burden and the expected number of trial participants by race and ethnicity for each gynecologic cancer. The ratio of actual-to-expected participants was calculated. A ratio greater than 1 signified overenrollment. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the relative weights of individual trials. RESULTS We identified 493 trials, 61 of which met inclusion criteria. There were 2,573 patients enrolled in ovarian cancer trials, 1,197 in uterine cancer trials and 162 in cervical cancer trials. Non-Hispanic White women were overrepresented overall (enrollment ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.20-1.32) and across all cancer types on subgroup analysis. Asian women, non-Hispanic Black women, and Hispanic women were underrepresented overall (enrollment ratios 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.86; 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.66 and 0.30, 95% CI 0.23-0.36, respectively). In subgroup analyses, Asian women and non-Hispanic Black women were underrepresented in ovarian and uterine cancer trials and Hispanic women were underrepresented across all cancer types. CONCLUSION Non-Hispanic Black women, Asian women, and Hispanic women with gynecologic cancers are underrepresented in precision oncology trials. Few U.S.-based precision oncology trials exist for uterine and cervical cancers, which have a high burden of morbidity and mortality among racial and ethnic minority groups. Failure to equitably enroll patients who belong to racial and ethnic minority groups may perpetuate existing disparities in gynecologic cancer outcomes.
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23
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Williams CS, Rathmell WK, Carethers JM, Harper DM, Lo YMD, Ratcliffe PJ, Zaidi M. A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist. eLife 2022; 11:79738. [PMID: 36098684 PMCID: PMC9470153 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physician-scientists have epitomized the blending of deep, rigorous impactful curiosity with broad attention to human health for centuries. While we aspire to prepare all physicians with an appreciation for these skills, those who apply them to push the understanding of the boundaries of human physiology and disease, to advance treatments, and to increase our knowledge base in the arena of human health can fulfill an essential space for our society, economies, and overall well-being. Working arm in arm with basic and translational scientists as well as expert clinicians, as peers in both groups, this career additionally serves as a bridge to facilitate the pace and direction of research that ultimately impacts health. Globally, there are remarkable similarities in challenges in this career path, and in the approaches employed to overcome them. Herein, we review how different countries train physician-scientists and suggest strategies to further bolster this career path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, United States
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - John M Carethers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Diane M Harper
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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24
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Culpepper-Morgan JA, Guillaume A, Louissaint J, Williams R. Black voices in gastroenterology and hepatology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:559-563. [PMID: 35804194 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The Association of Black Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists (ABGH) was established to improve health equity in Black communities and to provide academic and social support for Black gastroenterologists and hepatologists. In this Viewpoint, four members of ABGH (early career, mid-career and late career) discuss their route into gastroenterology and hepatology, how academia and medicine can promote inclusivity and equity, and their advice to Black students interested in a career in medicine or science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Guillaume
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Jeremy Louissaint
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Renee Williams
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Lerman C, Hughes-Halbert C, Falcone M, Gosky DM, Jensen RA, Lee KP, Mitchell E, Odunsi K, Pegher JW, Rodriguez E, Sanchez Y, Shaw R, Weiner G, Willman CL. Leadership Diversity and Development in the Nation's Cancer Centers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1214-1221. [PMID: 35897143 PMCID: PMC9468284 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity and diversity of the oncology leadership workforce has not kept pace with the emerging needs of our increasingly complex cancer centers and the spectrum of challenges our institutions face in reducing the cancer burden in diverse catchment areas. Recognizing the importance of a diverse workforce to reduce cancer inequities, the Association of American Cancer Institutes conducted a survey of its 103 cancer centers to examine diversity in leadership roles from research program leaders to cancer center directors. A total of 82 (80%) centers responded, including 64 National Cancer Institute-designated and 18 emerging centers. Among these 82 respondents, non-Hispanic White individuals comprised 79% of center directors, 82% of deputy directors, 72% of associate directors, and 72% of program leaders. Women are underrepresented in all leadership roles (ranging from 16% for center directors to 45% for associate directors). Although the limited gender, ethnic, and racial diversity of center directors and perhaps deputy directors is less surprising, the demographics of current research program leaders and associate directors exposes a substantial lack of diversity in the traditional cancer center senior leadership pipeline. Sole reliance on the cohort of current center leaders and leadership pipeline is unlikely to produce the diversity in cancer center leadership needed to facilitate the ability of those centers to address the needs of the diverse populations they serve. Informed by these data, this commentary describes some best practices to build a pipeline of emerging leaders who are representative of the diverse populations served by these institutions and who are well positioned to succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Lerman
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes-Halbert
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Falcone
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David M Gosky
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Roy A Jensen
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edith Mitchell
- Thomas Jefferson University Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George Weiner
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Willman
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Faucett EA, Brenner MJ, Thompson DM, Flanary VA. Tackling the Minority Tax: A Roadmap to Redistributing Engagement in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 166:1174-1181. [PMID: 35380882 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Academic medical centers striving to implement diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and antiracism initiatives often ask faculty to volunteer substantial time to committee work, recruitment, mentoring, community, and administrative responsibilities. These requests are not in lieu of current workload and seldom count toward scholarship; the service may go unrecognized, unrewarded, and uncompensated. URiM faculty (underrepresented in medicine) providing such service thus pay a minority tax when precious time is syphoned away from career-advancing activities and personal growth. The resulting strain on available resources has social, psychological, and monetary ramifications that can undermine the long-term objectives of DEI initiatives. We examine the facets of the minority tax, consider the current state of diversity, and present a roadmap to redistribute, reform, and reduce URiM taxation through shared engagement in DEI initiatives. Key interventions include ascribing value to DEI efforts, implementing evidence-based policies to reduce bias, and promoting mentorship, sponsorship, and allyship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynne A Faucett
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael J Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana M Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valerie A Flanary
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Office of Diversity and Inclusion, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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27
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Viglianti EM, Iwashyna TJ. Mentoring First-Generation and Underrepresented in Medicine Physician-Scientists by Expanding Conversations. J Grad Med Educ 2022; 14:162-165. [PMID: 35463157 PMCID: PMC9017268 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-21-00920.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Viglianti
- is Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, and Veteran Affairs at Ann Arbor
| | - Theodore J Iwashyna
- is Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, and Veteran Affairs at Ann Arbor
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