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Peter RE. Acetabulum fractures in the elderly, reconstruction or replacement ? J Clin Orthop Trauma 2024; 54:102490. [PMID: 39101043 PMCID: PMC11296071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2024.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Peter
- Swiss Medical Network and Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Upfill-Brown A, Shi B, Mooney B, Chiou D, Brodke D, Shah AA, Kelley BV, Mayer EN, Devana SK, Lee C, SooHoo NF. Similar Medium-Term Revision Rates Following Acute Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024; 32:550-557. [PMID: 38595147 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of elderly acetabular fractures is complex, with high rates of conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), but potentially higher rates of complications after acute THA. METHODS The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database was queried between 2010 and 2017 for all patients aged 60 years or older who sustained a closed, isolated acetabular fracture and underwent ORIF, THA, or a combination. Chi-square tests and Student t tests were used to identify demographic differences between groups. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate predictors of 30-day readmission and 90-day complications. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the revision surgery-free survival (revision-free survival [RFS]), with revision surgery defined as conversion THA, revision ORIF, or revision THA. RESULTS A total of 2,184 surgically managed acetabular fractures in elderly patients were identified, with 1,637 (75.0%) undergoing ORIF and 547 (25.0%) undergoing THA with or without ORIF. Median follow-up was 295 days (interquartile range, 13 to 1720 days). 99.4% of revisions following ORIF were for conversion arthroplasty. Unadjusted KM analysis showed no difference in RFS between ORIF and THA (log-rank test P = 0.27). RFS for ORIF patients was 95.1%, 85.8%, 78.3%, and 71.4% at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months, respectively. RFS for THA patients was 91.6%, 88.9%, 87.2%, and 78.8% at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months, respectively. Roughly 50% of revisions occurred within the first year postoperatively (49% for ORIF, 52% for THA). In propensity score-matched analysis, there was no difference between RFS on KM analysis ( P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed in medium-term RFS between acute THA and ORIF for elderly acetabular fractures in California. Revision surgeries for either conversion or revision THA were relatively common in both groups, with roughly half of all revisions occurring within the first year postoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Upfill-Brown
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA (Upfill-Brown, Shi, Mooney, Chiou, Brodke, Shah, Kelley, Mayer, Devana, Lee, and SooHoo)
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Papakostidis C, Giannoudis PV. Acetabular fractures in the elderly. what is the current evidence for optimal treatment? Injury 2024; 55:111364. [PMID: 38383103 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas Papakostidis
- Department, Limassol General Hospital (LGH), Nikaias Avenue, Kato Polemidia 4159, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - P V Giannoudis
- Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds,UK Editor in Chief Injury
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Feng G, Tingrun C, Yufeng G, Gang L, Zhelun T, Yimin C, Weidong P, Chao T, Mingjian B, Shiwen Z, Minghui Y, Xinbao W. Epidemiological trends and mid-term to long-term outcomes of acetabular fractures in the elderly in China. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2024; 48:563-572. [PMID: 38019297 PMCID: PMC10799810 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-06032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the epidemiological trends in acetabular fracture and report the mid-term to long-term clinical outcomes of the elderly treated with operation. METHODS Retrospective study. Patients aged ≥ 14 years with operative treatment of the Acetabular fracture from Jan 2010 to Dec 2019 at a level-1 trauma centre were identified to analyze the epidemiological trends, and the difference in fracture patterns between young and elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) were compared. The elderly patients were followed up to evaluate their clinical outcomes and satisfaction degree (worst to best: 0 to10). The patients were divided into the 2010-2014 group and the 2015-2019 group according to the year of admission, and the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared to verify the stability from mid-term to long-term after surgery for acetabular fracture. RESULTS A total of 1024 patients (mean age 43.35 years, range 14-86 years) with acetabular fractures received operative treatment in this decade. The mean age of the acetabular fracture patients increased from 41.1 years to 47.7 years, and the proportion of elderly patients increased from 5.7% to 24.0%, with some volatility. The ratio of male to female decreased year by year, and the proportion of female patients increased with age. And the anterior fracture patterns were more common in the elderly patients compared to the young patients (P < 0.001). 118 elderly patients (82 males, 36 females; mean age 66.91 years, range 60-86 years) were followed-up (mean 77.4 months, range 35-152 months). The overall mortality rate of the elderly patients was 7.69% (9/118). The Harris hip score of those alive patients was 90.41 ± 12.91 points (excellent and good rate 84.4%). 87 patients completed the SF-12 with a normal HRQoL (PCS 50.49 ± 8.88 points; MCS 55.66 ± 8.86 points). 90.8% of the patients achieved a satisfaction score of 9 or higher. And there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the 2010-2014 group and the 2015-2019 group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, acetabular fractures presented an obvious ageing trend in China, and the fracture patterns of the elderly patients differed from those in the young patients. Operative treatment for elderly acetabular fractures yielded satisfactory and persistent clinical outcomes from mid-term to long-term clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Cui Tingrun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ge Yufeng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Liu Gang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Tan Zhelun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Chen Yimin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Peng Weidong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Tu Chao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Bei Mingjian
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zhu Shiwen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yang Minghui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China.
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China.
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Wu Xinbao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, China
- National Center of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100035, China
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Gencarelli P, Menken LG, Hong IS, Robbins CJ, Jankowski JM, Yoon RS, Liporace FA. No Difference in Acute Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Fix and Replace Versus Fixation Alone in the Treatment of Geriatric Acetabular Fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2024; 38:88-95. [PMID: 38031287 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare acute outcomes between patients undergoing fix and replace (FaR) versus open-reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone in the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures. METHODS DESIGN Retrospective Cohort Study. SETTING Single Level 2 Trauma Center. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA Consecutive acetabular fracture patients ≥ 55 years of age treated by two orthopaedic trauma surgeons at one tertiary care center from January 2017 to April 2022 with FaR versus ORIF were identified. Included were those with complete datasets within the 180-day global period. Excluded were patients with previous ORIF of the acetabulum or femur, or revision total hip arthroplasty. OUTCOME MEASURES AND COMPARISONS The primary outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS), postoperative weight-bearing status, postoperative disposition, time to postoperative mobilization, and 90-day readmission rates. Secondary outcomes compared included demographic information, injury mechanism, surgical time, complications, revisions, and preoperative and postoperative Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS Jr.) scores. These were compared between FaR and ORIF groups. RESULTS Seventeen FaR patients (average age 74.5 ± 9.0 years) and 11 ORIF patients (average age 69.4 ± 9.6 years) met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 26.4 months (range: 6-75.6 months). More FaR group patients were ordered immediate weight-bearing as tolerated or partial weight-bearing compared with ORIF alone (70% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.03). More patients in the FaR group had pre-existing hip osteoarthritis compared with ORIF alone (71% vs. 27%, P = 0.05). Fracture classification ( P = 0.03) and Charlson Comorbidity Index ( P = 0.02) differed between the 2 groups. There were no other differences in demographics, LOS ( P = 0.99), postoperative disposition ( P = 0.54), time to postoperative mobilization ( P = 0.38), 90-day readmission rates ( P = 0.51), operative time ( P = 0.06), radiographic union ( P = 0.35), time to union ( P = 0.63), pre- ( P = 0.32) or postoperative HOOS Jr. scores ( P = 0.80), delta HOOS Jr. scores ( P = 0.28), or reoperation rates between groups ( P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS FaR and ORIF seem to be sound treatment options in the management of geriatric acetabular fractures. Patients in the FaR group achieved immediate or partial weight-bearing earlier than the ORIF group; however, time to postoperative mobilization did not differ between the two groups. The remainder of acute postoperative outcomes (LOS, postoperative disposition, and 90-day readmission rates) did not differ between the two groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Gencarelli
- Divison of Orthopaedic Trauma & Adult Reconstruction, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center/Jersey City Medical Center, RWJBarnabas Health, Livingston, Jersey City, NJ
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Giustra F, Cacciola G, Pirato F, Bosco F, De Martino I, Sabatini L, Rovere G, Camarda L, Massè A. Indications, complications, and clinical outcomes of fixation and acute total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acetabular fractures: A systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2024; 34:47-57. [PMID: 37640795 PMCID: PMC10771595 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetabular fracture fixation can be challenging, especially in the elderly. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone may not allow for early weight bearing and is associated with a high rate of secondary osteoarthritis; therefore, a combined hip procedure (CHP) or ORIF with acute total hip arthroplasty, may be beneficial in this population. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of all reported cases of CHP. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies analyzing acetabular fractures in the elderly managed with a combined hip procedure (CHP). The research was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies' methodological quality was evaluated using the MINORS score. The present study was registered on PROSPERO. RESULTS Eleven clinical studies were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 74.4 (63.2-78) years. Low-energy trauma was the most common mechanism of injury (64%). The most prevalent fracture pattern was the anterior column and posterior hemitransverse (ACPHT) (30.6%). The Kocher-Langenbeck approach was preferred for ORIF of posterior fractures and hip arthroplasty. The ilioinguinal approach and modified Stoppa were generally used for anterior fractures. The overall complication rate was 12.2%, and hip dislocation was the most frequent cause of reoperation (4.4%). The average Harris Hip Score reported postoperatively was 81.6 points, which was considered "good." CONCLUSIONS CHP is a safe treatment for elderly acetabular fractures with an acceptable complication and reoperation rate that results in good clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Giustra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO Torino, Via Zuretti, 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco di Torino - ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cacciola
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO Torino, Via Zuretti, 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Ortopedico del Mezzogiorno d'Italia "Franco Scalabrino", Via Consolare Pompea, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirato
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO Torino, Via Zuretti, 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bosco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO Torino, Via Zuretti, 29, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco di Torino - ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ivan De Martino
- Istituto Ortopedico del Mezzogiorno d'Italia "Franco Scalabrino", Via Consolare Pompea, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Sabatini
- Ortopedia Protesica e Robotica - Humanitas Gradenigo, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rovere
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lawrence Camarda
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DiChirOnS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massè
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO Torino, Via Zuretti, 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Denyer S, Hoyt AK, Eikani C, Cohen J, Brown NM. Thirty-Day Outcomes After Acute Total Hip Arthroplasty Combined With Internal Fixation of Acetabular Fractures: A Multi-Institutional Database Analysis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2023; 7:01979360-202312000-00011. [PMID: 38127573 PMCID: PMC10735102 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-23-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purposes of this study were to characterize the 30-day surgical risk of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and total hip arthroplasty stratified by an acetabular fracture pattern and to compare postoperative complications with ORIF alone using a large database. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to determine 30-day outcomes after the combined hip procedure (CHP) compared with ORIF alone between 2005 and 2020. Current Procedural Terminology codes categorized fracture patterns. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square, Fisher exact, or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate for any differences in postoperative complications. Total hospital length of stay was compared. RESULTS A total of 1,187 patients were identified. One hundred eighty-four patients underwent a CHP, consisting of 99 acetabular wall fractures, 45 elementary acetabular fractures, and 40 associated acetabular fractures. There was no notable difference in any surgical site infection, thromboembolic events, transfusion rates, 30-day revision surgery, and readmission, regardless of the fracture pattern when controlling for comorbidities. Total hospital length of stay was shorter for patients who underwent a CHP for acetabular wall fractures or elementary acetabular fractures (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This combined surgical approach appears to have a similar 30-day risk profile when compared with ORIF alone regardless of the fracture pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Denyer
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
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Lim EJ, Shon HC, Yang JY, Ahn J, Kim JJ, Kim JW. Surgical outcomes of acetabular fracture of elderly patients with superomedial dome impaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19091. [PMID: 37925552 PMCID: PMC10625636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of elderly acetabular fractures according to the reduction of impacted dome fragments. A retrospective cohort study was performed in two institutions. Fifty-four patients aged ≥ 60 years with acetabular fractures were enrolled. Data for dome impaction and postoperative reduction was collected. Patients were divided into the good reduction group (displacement ≤ 3 mm) and poor reduction group (displacement > 3 mm). Postoperative osteoarthritis (OA), Harris hip score (HHS), total hip arthroplasty conversion, good/poor outcomes were compared between the two groups. The good reduction group (N = 45) demonstrated a lower proportion of radiographic OA (18 vs. 77%, P = 0.001), higher HHS (82.1 vs. 68.6, P = 0.022), and higher proportion of good outcomes than the poor reduction group (N = 9) (89 vs. 22%, P < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of the patients with dome impaction, the good reduction group had a higher proportion of good outcomes (80 vs. 20%, P = 0.031). On comparing within the good reduction group, dome impaction did not influence clinical outcomes. Elderly acetabular fractures demonstrated favorable outcomes when adequate reduction was achieved even with dome impaction. Well-reduced dome impaction could achieve satisfactory outcomes in elderly acetabular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eic Ju Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Shon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joosuk Ahn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bassett JW, Diamond OJ, Spence DJ, Ward AJ, Acharya MR, Chesser TJ. Mid-term results of the treatment of complex acetabular fractures with combined acute fixation and total hip replacement in the older patient. Hip Int 2023; 33:1093-1099. [PMID: 36541413 DOI: 10.1177/11207000221145437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of acetabular fractures in older patients is increasing. The management of these patients is evolving due to the recognition of risks associated with prolonged immobility with conservative treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing fixation and total hip replacement (THR) for displaced acetabular fractures undergoing single operation with acetabular fixation and THR were identified. Outcomes were assessed using radiographs, clinical notes, Oxford Hip Score and EuroQol-5L. RESULTS 77 patients were identified with 51 completing outcome scores. Mean age 68 years at time of injury. Mean follow-up 5 (2-12) years, OHS 40, EQ-5D 0.78. Revision surgery performed in 7 patients (9%). DISCUSSION Acute fixation combined with THR for acetabular fractures in the elderly patient, offers good functional outcomes and a low complication rate in the mid-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Bassett
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Owen J Diamond
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Spence
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony J Ward
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tim Js Chesser
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Albrektsson M, Möller M, Wolf O, Wennergren D, Sundfeldt M. Acetabular fractures: Epidemiology and mortality based on 2,132 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register. Bone Jt Open 2023; 4:652-658. [PMID: 37652452 PMCID: PMC10471445 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.49.bjo-2023-0085.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To describe the epidemiology of acetabular fractures including patient characteristics, injury mechanisms, fracture patterns, treatment, and mortality. Methods We retrieved information from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) on all patients with acetabular fractures, of the native hip joint in the adult skeleton, sustained between 2014 and 2020. Study variables included patient age, sex, injury date, injury mechanism, fracture classification, treatment, and mortality. Results In total, 2,132 patients with acetabular fractures from the SFR were included in the study. The majority of the patients were male (62%) and aged over 70 years old (62%). For patients aged > 70 years, the 30-day mortality was 8% and one-year mortality 24%. For patients aged ≤ 70 years, the 30-day mortality was 0.2% and one-year mortality 2%. Low-energy injuries (63%) and anterior wall fractures (20%) were most common. Treatment was most often non-surgical (75%). Conclusion The majority of patients who sustain an acetabular fracture are elderly (> 70 years), of male sex, and the fracture most commonly occurs after a simple, low-energy fall. Non-surgical treatment is chosen in the majority of acetabular fracture patients. The one-year mortality for elderly patients with acetabular fracture is similar to the mortality after hip fracture, and a similar multidisciplinary approach to care for these patients should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Albrektsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg/Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of clinical sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Möller
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg/Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of clinical sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Wolf
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Wennergren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg/Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of clinical sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundfeldt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg/Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of clinical sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Upfill-Brown A, Shi B, Maturana C, Brodke D, Shah AA, Kelley BV, Mayer EN, Devana SK, Lee C. Higher Rates of Readmission After Acute Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Elderly Acetabular Fractures, a National Study From 2010 to 2019. J Orthop Trauma 2023; 37:334-340. [PMID: 36750435 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the initial complications and short-term readmissions and reoperations after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) versus acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) for elderly acetabular fractures. DESIGN Retrospective database review. SETTING All hospitalizations in the National Readmissions Database and National Inpatient Sample. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Patients 60 years of age or older with closed acetabular fractures managed surgically identified from the National Readmissions Database or National Inpatient Sample between 2010 and 2019. INTERVENTION Acute THA with or without ORIF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS 30-, 90-, and 180-day readmissions and reoperations and index hospitalization complications. RESULTS An estimated 12,538 surgically managed acetabular fractures in elderly patients occurred nationally between 2010 and 2019, with 10,008 (79.8%) undergoing ORIF and 2529 (20.2%) undergoing THA. Length of stay was 1.7 days shorter ( P < 0.001) and probability of nonhome discharge was reduced (OR 0.68, P = 0.009) for THA patients than for ORIF patients. THA was associated with lower rates of pneumonia (4.6 vs. 9.1%, P < 0.001) and other respiratory complications (10.2 vs. 17.6%) when compared with ORIF. At 30 days, THA patients had higher rates of readmission (13.9 vs. 10.1%, P = 0.007), related readmission (5.4 vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001), readmission for dislocation (3.1 vs. 0.3%, P < 0.001), and reoperations (2.9 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.002). At 180 days, THA patients had higher rates of related readmission (10.1% vs. 3.9%, P < 0.001), readmission for dislocation (5.1% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001), and readmission for SSI (3.4 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Acute THA is associated with lower length of stay and certain index hospitalization complications, but higher rates of readmissions for related reasons and specifically for dislocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Upfill-Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | - Brendan Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | | | - Dane Brodke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | - Akash A Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | - Benjamin V Kelley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | - Erik N Mayer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | - Sai K Devana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
| | - Christopher Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA; and
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Kelly M, Peterson DF, Yoo J, Working ZM, Friess D, Kagan R. Risk of Revision and Complications after Total Hip Arthroplasty for Acute Treatment of Acetabular Fracture. J Arthroplasty 2023:S0883-5403(23)00562-4. [PMID: 37257790 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the treatment of acute acetabular fractures may be indicated where there is high risk for failure of open reduction and internal fixation. This study aimed to determine risks of revision and rates of major complications of THA for acute acetabular fractures. METHODS A retrospective review was performed (all-claims data files of a large national database) by querying International Classification of Disease, tenth revision procedure codes for THA within 14 days of acetabular fracture. We identified all-cause revision and surgical complications including dislocations, mechanical failures (loosenings or broken prostheses), infections, as well as medical complications. Demographic data collected included age, sex, obesity and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Multivariate analyses evaluated the association of revision and major surgical complications after adjusting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities. We identified 956 THAs for the treatment of acute acetabular fracture from 2015 to 2020. Of all acute acetabular fractures treated with THA, 241 were concomitant with ORIF, and 715 were THA alone. RESULTS All-cause revision risk was 18.2%, overall major surgical complication rate 26.9%, and medical complication rate was 13.2%. Women were associated with increased risk of revision (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.8; Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3-2.6, P=0.001), dislocation (aOR 2.0; CI 1.5-3.1, P<0.001), mechanical complication (aOR 2.1; CI 1.4-3.2, P<0.001), and infection (aOR 1.6; CI 1.0-2.5, P=0.044). CONCLUSION We noted risk of all-cause revision of 18.2%, overall major surgical complication rate of 26.9%, and overall major medical complication rate of 13.2% for THA as the treatment of acute acetabular fracture. We caution against broad expansion of THA for treatment of acute acetabular fractures. Furthermore, increased risks of revision and complications in women warrant additional investigation into patient and fracture characteristics that may contribute to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Kelly
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Danielle F Peterson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Jung Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Zachary M Working
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Darin Friess
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Ryland Kagan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239.
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Maresca JA, DeMel DC, Wagner GA, Haase C, Geibel JP. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Applications for Bone Tissue Engineering. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091230. [PMID: 37174630 PMCID: PMC10177443 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is a key support structure within the body. Bones have unique abilities to grow and regenerate after injury. Some injuries or degeneration of the tissues cannot rebound and must be repaired by the implantation of foreign objects following injury or disease. This process is invasive and does not always improve the quality of life of the patient. New techniques have arisen that can improve bone replacement or repair. 3D bioprinting employs a printer capable of printing biological materials in multiple directions. 3D bioprinting potentially requires multiple steps and additional support structures, which may include the use of hydrogels for scaffolding. In this review, we discuss normal bone physiology and pathophysiology and how bioprinting can be adapted to further the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Maresca
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Derek C DeMel
- Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Grayson A Wagner
- Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Colin Haase
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - John P Geibel
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Oguzkaya S, Kizkapan TB, Gunay AE, Misir A. Fracture lines and comminution zones in acetabular fractures based on three dimensional computed tomography. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2022:10.1007/s00590-022-03347-3. [PMID: 35918618 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the fracture patterns of acetabular fractures and create fracture maps and comminution zones based on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS Sixty-eight computed tomography images of 67 patients (47 male [70.1%] and 20 female [29.9%], mean age: 45.2 ± 17.2 [range, 18-85 years] with the diagnosis of intra-articular acetabulum fracture were analyzed. Individual fracture lines were drawn and superimposed to a healthy acetabular template according to Judet-Letournel and simplified fracture classification systems. Fracture line, comminution zone, and heat maps were created using the computed tomography mapping technique. RESULTS Fracture lines were distributed mainly in a horizontal and oblique orientation, which concentrated in the anteroinferior part of the joint in anterior fractures. Posterior fractures mostly had an oblique orientation, which lied between the acetabular dome and middle part of the posterior wall. In complex fractures, fracture lines were concentrated just above the cotyloid fossa, acetabular dome, and posterosuperior part of the acetabulum. The most common comminuted zones were around the central area of the articular surface and the anterior wall in anterior fractures, between the cotyloid fossa and dome in complex fractures, and the upper half posterior wall. CONCLUSION Fracture patterns and comminution zones of acetabular fractures displayed certain characteristics. Some areas had higher comminution zones, and some areas remained intact in repeatable fracture patterns. These results may help surgeons in fixing acetabular fractures, designing new implants, and placement of acetabular component while performing THA after acetabular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Oguzkaya
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Cekirge State Hospital, Ertugrul Mah. 128. Sok. 7/1, Bakgör yaşam evleri sitesi I blok D:24, 16120, Bursa, Nilüfer, Turkey.
| | - Turan Bilge Kizkapan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Basaksehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Eray Gunay
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kayseri State Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdulhamit Misir
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Randelli F, Viganò M, Holzapfel BM, Corten K, Thaler M. Conversion hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach: pearls, pitfalls and personal experience. OPERATIVE ORTHOPADIE UND TRAUMATOLOGIE 2022; 34:177-188. [PMID: 35581503 DOI: 10.1007/s00064-022-00769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conversion total hip arthroplasty (CTHA) through a direct anterior approach (DAA) in supine position. INDICATIONS Failed osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures or failed conservative hip surgery, with hardware in situ. CONTRAINDICATIONS Decayed general conditions, infection (peri-implant or systemic infection), need for greater trochanter reconstruction, severe proximal femur deformity. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE Supine position. Mark DAA and expected limited incisions for hardware removal (HR) with the help of a C-arm. Use guidewire and extraction devices for HR. Perform a DAA with particular attention to a wide release of the femur. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Full progressive weight-bearing starting on day 1, depending on bone quality. Discharge with crutches following patient walking capability. Precautions for 6 weeks. RESULTS In all, 27 conversion THAs through a DAA. Mean age at the time of surgery 59.8 (range 18-81) years. Mean body mass index was 23.5 (range 17-31.6). Reasons of previous surgery failures were avascular necrosis of the femoral head, posttraumatic arthritis and nonunion with or without hardware migration. Mean surgical time was 125.8 min (range 58-190 min, standard deviation [SD] 38.2 min). Mean follow-up time was 6.9 years (range 2-15, SD 5.03 years). Mean pre-Harris Hip Score (mHHs) was 24.4 (range 19-36, SD 5.4), while the mean post-mHHS was 90.3 (range 89-91, SD 0.95). Two patients required postoperative osteosynthesis for periprosthetic fractures due to falls. Overall complication rate was 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Randelli
- Hip Department (CAD) Gaetano Pini-CTO Orthopedic Institute, University of Milan, P.za Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milano, Italy.
| | - M Viganò
- Hip Department (CAD) Gaetano Pini-CTO Orthopedic Institute, University of Milan, P.za Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - B M Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K Corten
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ZOL Genk, Genk, Belgium
| | - M Thaler
- Arthroplasty Center, Helios Klinikum Munich West, Munich, Germany
- Center of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Open reduction and internal fixation alone versus open reduction and internal fixation plus total hip arthroplasty for displaced acetabular fractures in patients older than 60 years: A prospective clinical trial. Injury 2022; 53:523-528. [PMID: 34649730 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal treatment of elderly patients with an acetabular fracture is unknown. We conducted a prospective clinical trial to compare functional outcomes and reoperation rates in patients older than 60 years with acetabular fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone versus ORIF plus concomitant total hip arthroplasty (ORIF + THA). Our hypothesis was that patients who had ORIF + THA would have better patient reported outcomes and lower reoperation rates postoperatively. METHODS Inclusion criteria were patients older than 60 years with acetabular fracture plus at least one of three fracture characteristics: dome impaction, femoral head fracture, or posterior wall component. Eligible patients were operative candidates based on fracture displacement, ambulatory status, and physiological appropriateness. Patients received either ORIF alone or ORIF + THA (accomplished at same surgery through same incision). Outcome measurements included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index hip score, Short Form 36, Harris Hip Score, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form scores. Additionally, patients were monitored for any unplanned reoperation within 2 years. RESULTS Forty-seven of 165 eligible patients with an average age of 70.7 years were included. The mean Harris Hip Score difference favored ORIF + THA (mean difference, 12.3, [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.3 to 24.9, p = 0.07]). No clinically important differences were detected in any other validated outcome score or patient satisfaction score 1 year after surgery. ORIF + THA decreased the absolute risk of reoperation by 28% (95% CI, 13% to 44%, p < 0.01). No postoperative hip dislocation occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS In patients older than 60 years with an operative displaced acetabular fracture with specific fracture features (dome impaction, femoral head fracture, or posterior wall component), treatment with ORIF + THA resulted in fewer reoperations than treatment with ORIF alone. No differences in patient satisfaction and other validated outcome measures were detected.
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17
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[Translated article] Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures in elderly patients. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The influence of bone quality on radiological outcome in 50 consecutive acetabular fractures treated with a pre-contoured anatomic suprapectineal plate. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:1539-1546. [PMID: 33760940 PMCID: PMC9217777 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the range of indications of an anatomical-preshaped three-dimensional suprapectineal plate and to assess the impact of the bone mass density on radiologic outcomes in different types of acetabular fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consecutive case series of 50 acetabular fractures (patient age 69 ± 23 years) treated with suprapectineal anatomic plates were analyzed in a retrospective study. The analysis included: Mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, surgical approach, need for additional total hip arthroplasty, intra- or postoperative complications, as well as bone mass density and radiological outcome on postoperative computed tomography. RESULTS Most frequently, anterior column fracture patterns with and without hemitransverse components as well as associated two column fractures were encountered. The anterior intrapelvic approach (AIP) was used in 98% (49/50) of the cases as primary approach with additional utilization of the first window of the ilioinguinal approach in 13/50 cases (26%). Determination of bone density revealed impaired bone quality in 70% (31/44). Postoperative steps and gaps were significantly greater in this subgroup (p < 0.05). Fracture reduction quality for postoperative steps revealed anatomic results in 92% if the bone quality was normal and in 46% if impaired (p < 0.05). In seven cases (14%), the plate was utilized in combination with acute primary arthroplasty. CONCLUSION A preshaped suprapectineal plate provides good radiological outcomes in a variety of indications in a predominantly geriatric cohort. Impaired bone quality has a significantly higher risk of poor reduction results. In cases with extensive joint destruction, the combination with total hip arthroplasty was a valuable option.
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Cichos KH, Spitler CA, Quade JH, McGwin G, Ghanem ES. Fracture and Patient Characteristics Associated With Early Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Acetabular Fracture Fixation. J Orthop Trauma 2021; 35:599-605. [PMID: 33993173 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors for early conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) after operative treatment of acetabular fractures. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION We reviewed 685 operative acetabular fractures at our institution from 2011 to 2017, with a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 4-105 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Multivariable regression analysis was performed after univariate analysis to identify independent risk factors for conversion THA. Sensitivity analysis was performed with minimum follow-up set at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS One hundred eight patients (16%) underwent conversion THA, with 52% of conversions occurring within 1 year, an additional 27% within 2 years, and the remaining 21% within 6 years of the index acetabular open reduction internal fixation. The median time to conversion THA was 11.5 months (range, 0.5-72 months). The risk of conversion THA by fracture pattern was 53 of 196 (27%) for transverse posterior wall (TPW), 12 of 52 (23%) for T shaped, 10 of 68 (15%) for posterior column with posterior wall, and 25 of 207 (12%) for posterior wall. Independent risk factors for early conversion included the following: TPW fracture, protrusio, hip dislocation, increased body mass index, increased age, infection, and dislocation after open reduction internal fixation. Independent risk factors for early conversion THA specific to patients with TPW fractures include only increased age and body mass index. Sensitivity analysis showed no change in results using either 6 or 12-month minimum follow-up. CONCLUSION Transverse posterior wall fractures have a high risk of early conversion THA compared with other acetabular fracture patterns, especially when in combination with other significant risk factors. Consideration for different and novel management options warrants further study in this subset of acetabular fracture patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Cichos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - Clay A Spitler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - Jonathan H Quade
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elie S Ghanem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
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Risk of Total Hip Arthroplasty After Acetabular Fracture Fixation: The Importance of Age. J Arthroplasty 2021; 36:3194-3199.e1. [PMID: 34074543 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric patients are the most rapidly growing cohort of patients sustaining acetabular fractures (AFs). The purpose of this study was to examine the risk of a secondary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in older patients (>60 year old) with a prior AF open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) compared with younger patients (<60 year old) with an AF ORIF on a large population level. METHODS Using administrative health care data from 1996 to 2010 inclusive of all 202 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, all adult patients with an AF ORIF and a minimum of two year follow-up were identified and included. The risk of THA was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for patient risk factors. Secondary outcomes included surgical complications and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 1725 patients had an AF ORIF; 1452 (84.2%, mean age of 38.3 ± 12.1 years) aged <60 years ("younger") and 273 (15.8%, mean age of 69.9 ± 7.8 years) > 60 years ("older"). The mean (SD) follow-up time for all patients was 6.9 (4.2) years. In older patients, 19.4% (53 of 273) went on to receive a secondary THA with a median time to event of 3.9 years, compared with 12.9% (187 of 1452) in the younger patient cohort with a median time of 6.9 years (HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3). As expected, older patients had a higher 90-day mortality rate compared with younger patients (7.7% vs. 0.7%, respectively; HR 9.2, 95% CI: 4.3-19.9; P < .001). CONCLUSION Older patients with an AF ORIF are at a significantly higher risk for a secondary THA than younger patients with an AF ORIF.
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21
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Austin MS, Ashley BS, Bedard NA, Bezwada HP, Hannon CP, Fillingham YA, Kolwadkar YV, Rees HW, Grosso MJ, Zeegen EN. What is the Level of Evidence Substantiating Commercial Payers' Coverage Policies for Total Joint Arthroplasty? J Arthroplasty 2021; 36:2665-2673.e8. [PMID: 33867209 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the United States has drawn the attention of health care stakeholders. The payers have also used a variety of strategies to regulate the medical necessity of these procedures. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of evidence of the coverage policies being used by commercial payers in the United States. METHODS The references of the coverage policies of four commercial insurance companies were reviewed for type of document, level of evidence, applicability to a TJA population, and success of nonoperative treatment in patients with severe degenerative joint disease. RESULTS 282 documents were reviewed. 45.8% were primary journal articles, 14.2% were level I or II, 41.2% were applicable to patients who were candidates for TJA, and 9.9% discussed the success of nonoperative treatment in patients who would be candidates for TJA. CONCLUSION Most of the references cited by commercial payers are of a lower level of scientific evidence and not applicable to patients considered to be candidates for TJA. This is relatively uniform across the reviewed payers. The dearth of high-quality literature cited by commercial payers reflects the lack of evidence and difficulty in conducting high level studies on the outcomes of nonoperative versus operative treatment for patients with severe, symptomatic osteoarthritis. Patients, surgeons, and payers would all benefit from such studies and we encourage professional societies to strive toward that end through multicenter collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Austin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Blair S Ashley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas A Bedard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Charles P Hannon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Mayo Clinic, Ochester, MN
| | - Yale A Fillingham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yogesh V Kolwadkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VA Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA
| | - Harold W Rees
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Matthew J Grosso
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Connecticut Joint Replacement Institute, Hartford, CT
| | - Erik N Zeegen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA
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22
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Sarasa-Roca M, Angulo-Castaño MC, Gómez-Vallejo J, Torres-Campos A, Lasierra-SanRomán JM, Albareda-Albareda J. Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures in elderly patients. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2021; 66:52-59. [PMID: 34130928 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Life expectancy has risen, leading to an increase in acetabular fractures in fragile patients. Total hip arthroplasty with a reinforcement cage is a technically complex option, but allows fracture control and early mobilization. Our aim is to assess whether the use of Burch-Schneider cage in fragile patients with acetabular fractures allows immediate load stabilization without threatening the early survival of the arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive study of a series of 14 patients with acetabular fractures treated by a reinforcement cage associated with autologous bonegraft plus a cemented acetabular cup, and mobilization and bearing. Judet Letournel fracture types, surgical delay, and complications during admission were analyzed. Following hospital discharge we recorded the incorporation of grafts according to Gie's classification, presence of calcifications according to Brooker, consolidation of the fracture, loosening of implants and functional aspects according to the HHS and Merlé D'Aubigné Postel score. RESULTS The most common fracture was both columns (6/14), with a surgical delay being of 11 days mean and 21,5 days of length of stay. One patient died after surgery. The mean follow-up was 34.4 months. All fractures healed and the bonegraft was incorporated in all cases. The mean HHS was 82 points and the Merle Score was 15/18. There were no complications related to arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS Total hip arthroplasty with Burch-Schneider cage on bonegraft and no added osteosynthesis is a good option of treatment of all types of displaced acetabular fractures in a fragile patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarasa-Roca
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.
| | - M C Angulo-Castaño
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - J Gómez-Vallejo
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - A Torres-Campos
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - J M Lasierra-SanRomán
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - J Albareda-Albareda
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
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Treatment modalities and outcomes following acetabular fractures in the elderly: a systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 32:649-659. [PMID: 34076747 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures remains controversial. Treatment options include nonoperative management, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), total hip arthroplasty (THA) with or without internal fixation, and closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (CRPP). There is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment strategy for geriatric patients with acetabular fractures. The purpose of this study is to compare adverse event rates, functional and radiographic outcomes, and intraoperative results between the various treatment modalities in order to help guide surgical decision making. METHODS We performed a systematic review (registration number CRD42019124624) of observational and comparative studies including patients aged ≥ 55 with acetabular fractures. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies including 3,928 patients with a mean age of 72.6 years (range 55-99 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 29.4 months met our eligibility criteria. The pooled mortality rate of all patients was 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.9-22.4%) with a mean time to mortality of 12.6 months, and the pooled non-fatal complication rate was 24.7% (95% CI 23.9-25.5%). Patients treated with ORIF had a significantly higher non-fatal complication rate than those treated with ORIF + THA, THA alone, CRPP, or nonoperative management (odds ratios [ORs] 1.87, 2.24, 2.15, and 4.48, respectively; p < 0.01). Patients that underwent ORIF were significantly less likely to undergo subsequent THA than these treated with CRPP (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.77) but were more likely to require THA than patients treated nonoperatively (OR 6.81, 95% CI 4.63-10.02). CONCLUSION Elderly patients with acetabular fractures tend to have favorable functional outcomes but suffer from high rates of mortality and complications. In patients treated with internal or percutaneous fixation, there was a high rate of conversion to THA. When determining surgical treatment in this population, THA alone or concurrent with ORIF should be considered given the significantly lower rate of non-fatal complications and similar mortality rate. Nonoperative management remains a viable option and was associated with the lowest non-fatal complication rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Walls A, McAdam A, McMahon SE, Diamond OJ. The management of osteoporotic acetabular fractures: Current methods and future developments. Surgeon 2021; 19:e289-e297. [PMID: 33597085 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetabular fractures in the elderly are challenging. Management is complicated by patients' poor physiological status and osteoporotic bone. Analysis of the management of these patients must be separated from the treatment of younger patients. Conservative management continues to have a role in patients who sustain fractures that are non-displaced and are considered stable with weight bearing mobilisation, and in those patients considered too medically frail to undergo surgical intervention. The mainstay of current surgical intervention is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and variations of ORIF and total hip arthroplasty (THA), or fix and replace. Fix and replace is being increasingly favoured in those patients who display poor prognostic factors for long term joint survival after ORIF. Percutaneous fixation has the theoretical benefits of minimally invasive surgery and the potential to make any subsequent THA less complicated. However, it requires specialised fluoroscopic skills and is not suitable for all fracture patterns. There are a number of developments being reported. The use of a reinforcement ring and THA in has been reported in a number of centres, as has the use of trabecular metal acetabular implants. A coned hemi pelvic prosthesis and THA has been described in our centre, with promising early results. The potential for 3D printing to improve preoperative planning and reduce intra-operative time is also being explored. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature supporting current and future treatment methods, tips on reduction techniques and an overview of the treatment algorithm of these patients in our unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Walls
- Specialist Registrar Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew McAdam
- Core Surgical Trainee, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
| | - Samuel E McMahon
- Specialist Registrar Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Owen J Diamond
- Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Goyal T, Singh G, Kumar Tripathy S, Schuh A, Veerappa LA, Kumar Sen R. Acetabulum fractures in elderly: A systematic review of fracture pattern and treatment. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:989-1001. [PMID: 33192001 PMCID: PMC7656468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetabulum fractures are being increasingly seen with low impact injuries in elderly patients. This article aimed to study systematically literature on geriatric acetabulum fractures. Objectives of this systematic review were to study (1) demography of patients, common mechanisms of injury and types of fracture patterns commonly seen in elderly patients, (2) treatment used for these fractures in literature and (3) mortality rates in elderly with these fractures. METHODS Systematic search was carried out in May 2020 using predefined search strategy for all studies published in the English language in last 20 years. Literature search and data abstraction was done by two independent reviewers. RESULTS After screening of all abstracts, a total of 48 studies were included in the systematic review. In total there were 7876 geriatric patients with acetabulum fractures. Mean age of the patients was 72.47 years. There were 4841 males (61.5%). Fall from low heights was the most common mechanism of injury, present in 47.12% patients followed by motor vehicular accidents in 28.73%. Most common fracture pattern was both column fracture, seen in 19.03% patients, followed by anterior column and posterior hemitransverse fracture in 17.23%, anterior column fractures in 17.13%, and posterior wall fractures in 13.46% patients. Out of total 5160 patients for whom details of treatment were available, 2199 (42.62%) were given non-operative treatment, 2285 (44.28%) were treated with ORIF of acetabulum fracture, 161 (3.12%) were treated with percutaneous fixation and 515 (9.98%) were treated with primary THA. Gull sign, femoral head injury and posterior wall comminution were associated with poorer prognosis after ORIF and may form an indication for a primary THA. CONCLUSION Literature on treatment of geriatric acetabulum fractures is not enough to draw any definite conclusions. There is limited evidence from current literature that surgery could be considered a safe treatment option for displaced acetabulum fractures in elderly. Primary THA can provide early mobility and reduce chances of resurgery in fracture patterns where restoration of joint surface may not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Goyal
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Gaganpreet Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Tripathy
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Alexander Schuh
- Muskuloskelettales Zentrum Klinikum Neumarkt, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberger Str. 12, D-92318, Neumarkt i. d. OPf., Germany
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar Sen
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mohali, India
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Chen MJ, Wadhwa H, Bellino MJ. Sequential ilioinguinal or anterior intrapelvic approach with anterior approach to the hip during combined internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 31:635-641. [PMID: 33099680 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the complications and outcomes of geriatric acetabular fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed via combined ilioinguinal or anterior intrapelvic (AIP) approach to acetabulum and anterior approach to the hip. METHODS Eight patients with a fracture of the acetabulum were treated at a Level I trauma center between 2010 and 2019 with combined ORIF/THA using an ilioinguinal or AIP approach for the acetabulum and a separate anterior approach to the hip. Wound dehiscence, peri-incisional skin necrosis, surgical site infection, dislocation, fracture union, acetabular component stability, and heterotopic ossification (HO) were utilized as outcome measures. Merle d'Aubigné-Postel scores were collected for the six patients that had one-year minimum follow-up. RESULTS The mean patient age was 77 years. Four patients had anterior wall fractures, two had associated both column fractures, and two had anterior column-posterior hemitransverse fractures. All fractures healed with stable fixation of the acetabular component by 6 months. There were no instances of skin necrosis, dislocation, infection, or re-operation. One patient had a superficial wound dehiscence that resolved with local wound care. One patient developed radiographic HO but was clinically asymptomatic. The mean Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score was 15.8 (range = 14-16). CONCLUSIONS Our small series of geriatric patients with fracture of the acetabulum treated with combined ORIF/THA, via the ilioinguinal or AIP approach with a separate anterior approach to the hip, demonstrates satisfactory outcomes with low complications after one-year of follow-up. Further research of these challenging injuries with more patients is warranted in order to determine the subset of fracture types best treated with this method and THA survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City, Stanford, CA, 94063-6342, USA.
| | - Harsh Wadhwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City, Stanford, CA, 94063-6342, USA
| | - Michael J Bellino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor, Redwood City, Stanford, CA, 94063-6342, USA
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Wang L, Li P, Kou J, Hu C. The effect of previous acetabular fractures on total hip arthroplasty outcomes: A matched-controlled study protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22210. [PMID: 32957355 PMCID: PMC7505324 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a safe and mature surgical method for the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis and end-stage degenerative osteoarthritis. The cohort study regarding the outcomes of THA following acetabulum fracture is sparse. Therefore, we carried out this present retrospective paired cohort study to study the long-term outcomes of patients receiving THA after the acetabular fracture versus patients receiving THA for the primary osteoarthritis. METHODS Patients with posttraumatic arthritis who received the initial THA after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures or patients with end-stage degenerative osteoarthritis were included in our study. A retrospective review of patients who receiving the primary total hip arthroplasty in the same institution from 2008 to 2015 was conducted. This present retrospective cohort research was authorized via our hospital institutional review committee. The patients in cohort group were matched 2:1 with the patients in study group according to following criteria: body mass index (±3 points), and age at THA time (±3 years), sex, as well as the score of American Society of Anesthesiologists (±1 point). The measure of primary outcome was the improved Harris Hip Score. Secondary outcomes included surgery time, hip range of motion, revision, complications (infection, loosening, polyethylene wear, dislocation, wound complications, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism). RESULTS It was assumed that there is a remarkable difference in postoperative outcomes between the 2 groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5921).
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Rommens PM, Schwab R, Handrich K, Arand C, Wagner D, Hofmann A. Open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures in patients of old age. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 44:2123-2130. [PMID: 32734382 PMCID: PMC7584535 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MATERIAL AND METHODS There is an ongoing debate on which treatment for acetabular fractures in elderly patients is the most appropriate. This study was set up to identify the role of open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures in persons of old age. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and radiological data of all patients older than 65 years, who suffered an isolated acetabular fracture and were admitted in our Department between 2010 and 2014 (5-year period). Complications, outcome and mortality were recorded. Of all surviving patients, quality of life (QoL), mobility and independence were graded with European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level (EQ-5D-3L), European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D-VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) and Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT). RESULTS Seventy patients could be identified. There were 52 men (74%) and 18 women (26%) with a median age of 79.0 years (range: 65-104 years). Forty-six patients (66%) had been treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), 24 (34%) conservatively. There were negative predictive factors-subchondral impaction, damage to the femoral head and multiple fragments-in 54% of the operative group. With ORIF, an anatomical reduction could be achieved in 27 patients (59%), an acceptable in 18 (39%) and a poor in one (2%). At follow-up, 18 patients (26%) had died and 23 (33%) were not able to participate. The follow-up rate of the surviving operatively treated patients was 77%. Eleven of 46 operated patients (24%) needed a conversion to a total hip arthroplasty (THA). All patients undergoing conversion had imperfect reduction after surgery. No patient in the non-operative group underwent conversion to THA during follow-up. The median follow-up time of operatively treated patients without conversion (n = 17) was 30 months (range, 16-73 months), of patients with THA (n = 9) 30 months after conversion (range, 17-55 months). Quality of reduction correlated to QoL, mobility and independence in all recorded parameters. Patients with secondary THA had similar good outcomes as patients after ORIF without later conversion. Men had better outcome than women. CONCLUSION ORIF of acetabular fractures in patients of old age results in excellent outcomes at short-term follow-up when anatomical reduction can be achieved. In case of negative predictive factors, ORIF cannot be regarded as a definitive solution, rather as the construction of a stable socket for secondary THA. The decision of therapy should be made dependent on pre-operative radiographic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Maria Rommens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin Handrich
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Charlotte Arand
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Westpfalz Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Hellmut-Hartert Straße 1, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Mapping of the Stable Articular Surface and Available Bone Corridors for Cup Fixation in Geriatric Acetabular Fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2020; 28:e573-e579. [PMID: 31567899 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-18-00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment of acetabular fractures in the senior cohort is undetermined. Total hip arthroplasty in the setting of an acetabular fracture is increasing in popularity. However, there is concern regarding the fixation of a prosthetic cup in a fractured acetabulum. The purpose of this study is to map the area of stable articular surface and bone corridors available for cup fixation in this fracture cohort. METHODS CT scans of acetabular fractures in 131 consecutive geriatric patients older than 65 years from two level 1 academic trauma centers were analyzed. Acetabular fractures were classified using the Letournel classification, the available stable articular surface, and the bone corridors available for fixation. RESULTS Fractures involving the anterior column were the most common fracture type seen. The dome only pattern was the most common stable articular surface pattern. The sciatic corridor was available for fixation in all fracture types, followed by the gluteal pillar corridor. Most fractures had at least two corridors (93%) available for screw fixation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study may aid in the development and evaluation of fixation strategies for acetabular cups allowing geriatric acetabular fracture patients earlier weight bearing after primary hip arthroplasty.
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McMahon SE, Diamond OJ, Cusick LA. Coned hemipelvis reconstruction for osteoporotic acetabular fractures in frail elderly patients. Bone Joint J 2020; 102-B:155-161. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.102b2.bjj-2019-0883.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims Complex displaced osteoporotic acetabular fractures in the elderly are associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Surgical options include either open reduction and internal fixation alone, or combined with total hip arthroplasty (THA). There remains a cohort of severely comorbid patients who are deemed unfit for extensive surgical reconstruction and are treated conservatively. We describe the results of a coned hemipelvis reconstruction and THA inserted via a posterior approach to the hip as the primary treatment for this severely high-risk cohort. Methods We have prospectively monitored a series of 22 cases (21 patients) with a mean follow-up of 32 months (13 to 59). Results The mean patient age was 79 years (67 to 87), and the mean ASA score was 3.3 (3 to 5). Three patients had high-energy injuries and 18 had low-energy injuries. All cases were associated fractures (Letournel classification: anterior column posterior hemitransverse, n = 13; associated both column, n = 6; transverse posterior wall, n = 3) with medialization of the femoral head. Mean operative time was 93 minutes (61 to 135). There have been no revisions to date. Of the 21 patients, 20 were full weight-bearing on day 1 postoperatively. Mean length of hospital stay was 12 days (5 to 27). Preoperative mobility status was maintained in 13 patients. At one year, mean Merle d’Aubigné score was 13.1 (10 to 18), mean Oxford Hip Score was 38.5 (24 to 44), mean EuroQol five-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) health score was 68 (30 to 92), and mean EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.68 (0.335 to 0.837); data from 14 patients. Mortality was 9.5% (2/21) at one year. There have been no thromboembolic events, deep infections, or revisions. Conclusion The coned hemipelvis reconstruction bypasses the fracture, creating an immediately stable construct that allows immediate full weight-bearing. The posterior approach minimizes the operative time and physiological insult in this vulnerable patient population. Early results suggest this to be a safe addition to current surgical options, targeted at the most medically frail elderly patient with a complex displaced acetabular fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):155–161.
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Jauregui JJ, Weir TB, Chen JF, Johnson AJ, Sardesai NR, Maheshwari AV, Manson TT. Acute total hip arthroplasty for older patients with acetabular fractures: A meta-analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:976-982. [PMID: 33191999 PMCID: PMC7656476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients. METHODS Meta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17-97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Weighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%. CONCLUSIONS Acute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J. Jauregui
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tristan B. Weir
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin F. Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil R. Sardesai
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aditya V. Maheshwari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Theodore T. Manson
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author. Towson Orthopaedics Associates, 8322 Bellona Avenue, Towson, MD, 21204, USA.
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Acetabulum Cup Stability in an Early Weight-Bearing Cadaveric Model of Geriatric Posterior Wall Fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2020; 34:55-61. [PMID: 31436615 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been suggested for posterior wall (PW) fractures with unfavorable features in the geriatric population. There is a paucity of studies reporting on postoperative protocols for primary THA after PW fractures. The purpose of this study was to test the biomechanical effect of immediate assisted weight-bearing on acetabulum THA cup fixation in an osteoporotic PW fracture model. METHODS Computed tomography scans of 18 geriatric PW fractures (mean age, 77 ± 8 years) were used to generate representative PW fracture. This fracture pattern, comprising 50% of the PW and 25% of the acetabulum rim, was then created in 6 female cadaveric pelves. A multihole acetabulum THA cup was implanted with line-to-line reaming and fixed with four 5-mm screws. The pelves were cyclically loaded to up to 1.8× body weight (BW) in the intact form, after fracture creation and fracture fixation. Optical markers were used to determine acceptable cup motion of less than 150 μm. RESULTS Five specimens withstood 3.6× BW loading after implantation and before fracture creation. At 1.8× BW load, cup motion was nonfractured: 50 ± 24 µm (range, 5-128 µm), fractured with no fixation: 37 ± 22 µm (range, 8-74 µm), or fractured with fixation: 62 ± 39 µm (range, 5-120 µm) (P = 0.0097). Cup motion was <150 µm for all groups. CONCLUSION This study supports the practice of allowing immediate assisted weight-bearing in patients undergoing THA with PW fractures involving up to 50% of the PW and up to 25% of the acetabular rim, with or without fixation of the PW fragment.
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Manson TT. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Plus Total Hip Arthroplasty for the Acute Treatment of Older Patients with Acetabular Fracture: Surgical Techniques. Orthop Clin North Am 2020; 51:13-26. [PMID: 31739876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced acetabular fractures has been the gold standard for treatment of these complex injuries. The subset of older patients with dome impaction, femoral head impaction, or a posterior wall component are considered for treatment with concomitant open reduction and internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty. Little has been written on the surgical techniques to perform concomitant open reduction and internal fixation plus total hip arthroplasty safely. This article describes the important intrinsic factors for acetabular component stability, choice of surgical approach for management of these injuries, and surgical technique for anterior and posterior approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore T Manson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 8322 Bellona Avenue, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
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34
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Grottoli CF, Cingolani A, Zambon F, Ferracini R, Villa T, Perale G. Simulated Performance of a Xenohybrid Bone Graft (SmartBone ®) in the Treatment of Acetabular Prosthetic Reconstruction. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E53. [PMID: 31766685 PMCID: PMC6963854 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure for the replacement of hip joints with artificial prostheses. Several approaches are currently employed in the treatment of this kind of defect. Overall, the most common method involves using a quite invasive metallic support (a Burch-Schneider ring). Moreover, valid alternatives and less invasive techniques still need to be supported by novel material development. In this work, we evaluated the performance of SmartBone®, a xenohybrid bone graft composed of a bovine bone matrix reinforced with biodegradable polymers and collagen, as an effective support in acetabular prosthesis reconstruction. Specifically, the material's mechanical properties were experimentally determined (E = ~1.25 GPa, Ef = ~0.34 GPa, and Et = ~0.49 GPa) and used for simulation of the hip joint system with a SmartBone® insert. Moreover, a comparison with a similar case treated with a Burch-Schneider ring was also conducted. It was found that it is possible to perform THA revision surgeries without the insertion of an invasive metal support and it can be nicely combined with SmartBone®'s osteointegration characteristics. The material can withstand the loads independently (σmax = ~12 MPa) or be supported by a thinner titanium plate in contact with the bone in the worst cases. This way, improved bone regeneration can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland; (C.F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabio Zambon
- Politecnico di Milano, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (T.V.)
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tomaso Villa
- Politecnico di Milano, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (T.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland; (C.F.G.); (A.C.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Xie Y, Zhang L, Xiong Q, Gao Y, Ge W, Tang P. Bench-to-bedside strategies for osteoporotic fracture: From osteoimmunology to mechanosensation. Bone Res 2019; 7:25. [PMID: 31646015 PMCID: PMC6804735 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and strength, rendering people prone to osteoporotic fractures caused by low-energy forces. The primary treatment strategy for osteoporotic fractures is surgery; however, the compromised and comminuted bones in osteoporotic fracture sites are not conducive to optimum reduction and rigid fixation. In addition, these patients always exhibit accompanying aging-related disorders, including high inflammatory status, decreased mechanical loading and abnormal skeletal metabolism, which are disadvantages for fracture healing around sites that have undergone orthopedic procedures. Since the incidence of osteoporosis is expected to increase worldwide, orthopedic surgeons should pay more attention to comprehensive strategies for improving the poor prognosis of osteoporotic fractures. Herein, we highlight the molecular basis of osteoimmunology and bone mechanosensation in different healing phases of elderly osteoporotic fractures, guiding perioperative management to alleviate the unfavorable effects of insufficient mechanical loading, high inflammatory levels and pathogen infection. The well-informed pharmacologic and surgical intervention, including treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and sufficient application of antibiotics, as well as bench-to-bedside strategies for bone augmentation and hardware selection, should be made according to a comprehensive understanding of bone biomechanical properties in addition to the remodeling status of osteoporotic bones, which is necessary for creating proper biological and mechanical environments for bone union and remodeling. Multidisciplinary collaboration will facilitate the improvement of overall osteoporotic care and reduction of secondary fracture incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Acute total hip arthroplasty versus open reduction internal fixation for posterior wall acetabular fractures in middle-aged patients. OTA Int 2019; 2:e014. [PMID: 33937650 PMCID: PMC7953701 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is the standard of care for displaced acetabular fractures, but the inability to achieve anatomic reduction, involvement of the posterior wall, articular impaction, and femoral head cartilaginous injury are known to lead to poorer outcomes. Acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a reasonable treatment option for older patients with an acetabular fracture and risk factors for a poor outcome, but it is only described in case series. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes of ORIF and acute THA in middle-aged patients with an acetabular fracture from a single center. Methods: Retrospective case-controlled study of patients aged 45 to 65 years old with acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall treated with acute THA or ORIF at a level 1 trauma center between 1996 and 2011. Patients were matched by fracture pattern and age at a 2 (ORIF):1 (acute THA) ratio. Functional outcome, complications, and reoperation rates of acute THA and ORIF were compared. Results: Sixteen acute THA patients (average age 56.4 years) and 32 ORIF patients (average age 54.3 years) were evaluated at an average follow-up of 6.2 years (range 1–15.2). The average Oxford Hip Score in the acute THA group was 44 compared to 40 in the ORIF group (P = .075). Complication rates were similar between both the groups. Twelve hips (37%) in the ORIF group had undergone THA or been referred for THA, and 2 revisions (13%) had occurred in the acute THA group. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that those undergoing acute THA had significantly better survival of their index procedure (P = .031). Conclusions: Both ORIF and acute THA for high-energy acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall in middle-aged patients can provide excellent results, with acute THA patients achieving improved survival of the index procedure and improved functional scores.
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Risk Factors for Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Acetabular Fractures Involving the Posterior Wall. J Orthop Trauma 2018; 32:607-611. [PMID: 30277977 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify risk factors for early conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) in an effort to aid in counseling patients and selecting the optimal treatment for patients who sustain a fracture involving the posterior wall of the acetabulum. DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS Patients with acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall managed with open reduction internal fixation at least 4 years out from surgery. INTERVENTION Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were reviewed for injury characteristics and reduction quality. Participants were contacted by telephone to document reoperations and functional outcomes including the SF-8 and modified Merle d'Aubigne Hip Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Conversion to THA. RESULTS The overall rate of conversion to THA was 5% at 2 years, 14% at 5 years, and 17% at 9 years. Presence of 5 specific radiographic features was associated with a 50% rate of conversion to THA in contrast to 11% if 4 or less features were present. Among cases with less than 1 mm of diastasis/step-off on postoperative computed tomography scan, there were no THA conversions, 10% conversion for 1-4 mm, and 54% if 4 mm or more of malreduction. There was no difference in SF-8 or modified Merle d'Aubigne scores comparing patients who underwent THA and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Acetabular fractures with posterior wall involvement are associated with a significantly higher rate of conversion to THA if reduction is not near-anatomic. A combination of clinical/radiographic findings is associated with poorer reductions and higher rate of conversion to THA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Wang T, Sun JY, Zha JJ, Wang C, Zhao XJ. Delayed total hip arthroplasty after failed treatment of acetabular fractures: an 8- to 17-year follow-up study. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:208. [PMID: 30134938 PMCID: PMC6103968 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a reliable procedure following failed treatment of acetabular fractures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the type of fracture treatment and modern ceramic bearing on the clinical outcomes of delayed THA. Methods Between January 1997 and January 2008, 33 patients (33 hips) underwent cementless THA after failed acetabular fractures. Twenty-one were initially treated by open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and 12 had non-ORIF. Joint articulation was either conventional metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) or ceramic-on-ceramic (COC). Intraoperative measures and preoperative and follow-up clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes were compared between the ORIF and non-ORIF groups. Results Surgery duration, blood loss, and transfusion requirement were greater in the ORIF group than in the non-ORIF group (p < 0.05). Significant improvement in Harris Hip Scores was seen post-surgery in both groups. However, a significant difference in the mean Harris Hip Score was not observed between the two groups (p = 0.57). Six patients in the ORIF group required acetabular reconstructive procedures to address bony defects compared to seven patients in the non-ORIF group (p = 0.09). The rate of anatomical restoration was 58.3% (7/12) in the non-ORIF group and 42.9% (9/21) in the ORIF group (p = 0.12). Radiolucent lines were observed in the MOP group and none in the COC group. Overall survival rate was similar in both groups (p = 0.85): 89.3% in the ORIF group and 87.5% in the non-ORIF group. Conclusion Delayed THA with previous acetabular fractures is a challenging procedure. Initial fracture treatment does not influence the outcome of delayed THA, and modern ceramic bearing has promising results in the long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Ying Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun-Jun Zha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
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Iqbal F, Ullah A, Younus S, Aliuddin A, Zia OB, Khan N. Functional outcome of acute primary total hip replacement after complex acetabular fractures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 28:1609-1616. [PMID: 29845326 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the functional outcome of acute primary total hip replacement in the management of complex acetabular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted in orthopedic department of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. The study was approved by the Ethics review committee of hospital (0190-2016). Patients who encountered between January 2010 to January 2016 were entered. Fifty-four patients with acetabular fractures with certain indications (marginal impaction or significant comminution (> 3 fragments) of the articular surface of the acetabulum, full-thickness articular injury to the femoral head, an associated femur neck fracture, or preexisting symptomatic osteoarthritis) were treated with primary total hip replacement. Patients were followed in outpatient clinic at regular intervals after discharge to assess the radiological union of fractures and complications. Functional outcome was evaluated after 2 years by applying Harris Hip Score. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. RESULTS All patients achieved radiological union of fractures at an average duration of 21 weeks. During the follow-up, seven complications were observed. Two patients developed superficial surgical site infection which was treated conservatively. One patient had dislocation which was reduced closely, while two patients had acetabular cup loosening which was revised. We also observed two cases of Brooker I heterotopic ossification and one case of Brooker II. At 2-year follow-up, 78% of patients had an excellent and good functional outcome according to Harris Hip score. CONCLUSION Primary total hip replacement is a valid and reasonable one stage surgical treatment of complex acetabular fractures and in aged individuals. However, the complications are not uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Iqbal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Younus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Akram Aliuddin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Bin Zia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Functional Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Nonoperatively Treated Acetabular Fractures That Meet Operative Criteria. J Orthop Trauma 2017; 31:644-649. [PMID: 28742787 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report functional outcomes of displaced acetabular fractures treated nonoperatively in the geriatric patient population. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Two Level I trauma centers. PATIENTS Twenty-seven patients 60 years of age or older who sustained displaced acetabular fractures during an 11-year period. INTERVENTION Nonoperative treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome measurements were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and Short Form 8 (SF-8) scores. Secondary outcome measurements were conversion to open reduction and internal fixation or total hip arthroplasty and 1-year mortality. RESULTS Twenty-six patients completed the WOMAC and SF-8 surveys. The overall WOMAC score was 12.9 ± 15.6 (range, 0-59.4). The average physical SF-8 was 51.1 ± 8.7 (range, 30.4-58.6), and the average mental SF-8 was 55 ± 6.2 (range, 30.4-58.6). The 1-year mortality rate was 24%. Conversion of treatment occurred in 15% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with fracture patterns that would qualify for operative treatment in younger healthy patients had surprisingly good outcome scores when treated nonoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Abstract
The incidence of acetabular fractures in the elderly population is increasing. Fractures in this population differ from those in younger patients, with more frequent involvement of the anterior column, more comminution, and more severe articular impaction in elderly patients. Although acetabular fractures in geriatric patients are more likely the result of low-energy trauma, outcomes are generally poorer than those in young patients. Multiple management options have been proposed, but no intervention has become the standard of care for these fractures in the elderly. Patient characteristics (eg, prior ambulation status, functional capacity, bone quality), the nature of the fracture, and the experience of the treating orthopaedic surgeon all must be considered when choosing among nonsurgical treatment, percutaneous fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, and immediate or delayed arthroplasty. Each treatment option has the potential for satisfactory results in properly selected patients.
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Clarke-Jenssen J, Røise O, Storeggen SAØ, Madsen JE. Long-term survival and risk factors for failure of the native hip joint after operatively treated displaced acetabular fractures. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:834-840. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b6.bjj-2016-1013.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims Our aim in this study was to describe the long-term survival of the native hip joint after open reduction and internal fixation of a displaced fracture of the acetabulum. We also present long-term clinical outcomes and risk factors associated with a poor outcome. Patients and Methods A total of 285 patients underwent surgery for a displaced acetabular fracture between 1993 and 2005. For the survival analysis 253 were included, there were 197 men and 56 women with a mean age of 42 years (12 to 78). The mean follow-up of 11 years (1 to 20) was identified from our pelvic fracture registry. There were 99 elementary and 154 associated fracture types. For the long-term clinical follow-up, 192 patients with complete data were included. Their mean age was 40 years (13 to 78) with a mean follow-up of 12 years (5 to 20). Injury to the femoral head and acetabular impaction were assessed with CT scans and patients with an ipsilateral fracture of the femoral head were excluded. Results A total of 36 patients underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). The overall ten-year survival of the hip joint was 86% (95% confidence interval (CI) 81% to 90%) and the 20-year survival was 82% (95% CI 76% to 87%). Injury to the femoral head and acetabular impaction were the strongest predictors of failure, with the long-term survival rate falling towards 50% in these patients. The survival fell to 0% at three years when both these risk factors were present in patients aged > 60 years. Conclusion The long-term survival of the native hip joint after acetabular fractures was good, but the presence of injury to the femoral head and acetabular impaction proved to be strong predictors of failure, especially in patients aged > 60 years. These patients may be better treated with a combination of open reduction and internal fixation and primary arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:834–40.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O. Røise
- University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - J. E. Madsen
- University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
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Capone A, Peri M, Mastio M. Surgical treatment of acetabular fractures in the elderly: a systematic review of the results. EFORT Open Rev 2017; 2:97-103. [PMID: 28507782 PMCID: PMC5420821 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of the literature involving a number of databases to identify studies that included outcomes of surgical treatment of acetabular fractures in patients aged > 55 years. An initial search identified 1564 studies. After exclusion by two independent reviewers, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were case series and the mean Coleman Methodology score for methodological quality assessment was 43.7 (standard deviation 12.3). There were 354 patients with acetabular fractures. Pooled analysis revealed a mean age of 71.6 years (55 to 96) and a mean follow-up of 43 months (20 to 188). Complex fractures were reported in 70.1% of patients. Seven studies presented the results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); in eight other studies a total hip arthroplasty (THA), alone or combined with different internal fixation techniques, was the chosen treatment. In the ORIF sub-group, conversion to THA was performed at a mean of 25.5 months with anatomical reduction in 11.6% and imperfect and poor reduction in 22.3%. In the THA sub-group, an acetabular ring or cage with a cemented acetabular component was used in four studies (52 patients) and a cementless acetabular component was implanted in five studies (78 patients). Six patients (4.9%) underwent revision at a mean of 39 months after the index procedure. The analysis of intra-operative and post-operative parameters showed a statistical difference between the two sub-groups with regards to the mean operating time (236 mins ORIF vs 178 mins THA), the mean blood loss (707 mL ORIF vs 974 mL THA) and the mean mortality rate at one year (22.6% ORIF vs 8.8% THA). Based on the current data available, acute THA (alone or in combination with internal fixation) may have a role in the treatment of older patients with complex acetabular fractures. Despite the wide heterogenecity of fracture types and patient co-morbidities, THA procedures were associated with lower rates of mortality and further surgery when compared with the ORIF procedures.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:97-103. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160036
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Affiliation(s)
- Antomio Capone
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcella Peri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Mastio
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Schwarzkopf R, Chin G, Kim K, Murphy D, Chen AF. Do Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty Yield Comparable Results to Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty? J Arthroplasty 2017; 32:862-871. [PMID: 27687806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hip fractures is growing with the increasing elderly population. Typically, hip fractures are treated with open reduction internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Failed hip fracture fixation is often salvaged by conversion THA. The total number of conversion THA procedures is also supplemented by its use in treating different failed surgical hip treatments such as acetabular fracture fixation, Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and developmental dysplasia of the hip. As the incidence of conversion THA rises, it is important to understand the perioperative characteristics of conversion THA. Some studies have demonstrated higher complication rates in conversion THAs than primary THAs, but research distinguishing the 2 groups is still limited. METHODS Perioperative data for 119 conversion THAs and 251 primary THAs were collected at 2 centers. Multivariable linear regression was performed for continuous variables, multivariable logistic regression for dichotomous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS Outcomes for conversion THAs were significantly different (P < .05) compared to primary THA and had longer hospital length of stay (average 3.8 days for conversion THA, average 2.8 days for primary THA), longer operative time (168 minutes conversion THA, 129 minutes primary THA), greater likelihood of requiring metaphysis/diaphysis fixation, and greater likelihood of requiring revision type implant components. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that conversion THAs require more resources than primary THAs, as well as advanced revision type components. Based on these findings, conversion THAs should be reclassified to reflect the greater burden borne by treatment centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Schwarzkopf
- Division of Adult Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, NYU Langone Medical Center Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York
| | - Garwin Chin
- Division of Adult Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University of California Irvine Medical School, Irvine, California
| | - Kelvin Kim
- Division of Adult Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, NYU Langone Medical Center Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York
| | - Dermot Murphy
- Division of Adult Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Rothman Institute Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Division of Adult Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Rothman Institute Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hamlin K, Lazaraviciute G, Koullouros M, Chouari T, Stevenson IM, Hamilton SW. Should Total Hip Arthroplasty be Performed Acutely in the Treatment of Acetabular Fractures in Elderly or Used as a Salvage Procedure Only? Indian J Orthop 2017; 51:421-433. [PMID: 28790471 PMCID: PMC5525523 DOI: 10.4103/ortho.ijortho_138_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is now an increasingly common procedure for people sustaining acetabular fractures. The incidence of acetabular fractures among the elderly population is increasing, and contemporary treatment aims to avoid the risks of prolonged incumbency associated with poor bone stock for fixation or inability to comply with limited weightbearing in this patient group. The concept of acute hip arthroplasty as a treatment for acetabular fracture is, therefore, becoming more topical and relevant. Our systematic review investigates whether THAs for acetabular fractures should be performed acutely, with a short delay, or as a late procedure for posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) if it develops. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed when undertaking this systematic review. Detailed searches were performed on three different databases, using keywords, such as "acetabular fracture," "acetabular trauma," "total hip arthroplasty," "hip arthroplasty," and "hip prosthesis." Studies from 1975 to September 2016 were included in the study. All studies included in the review were independently critically appraised by two of the authors. RESULTS Forty three studies were included in this review. Only two of them actually compared acute and delayed THAs for acetabular fractures with the rest focusing on one or the other. Results were comparable between acute and late THAs in terms of aseptic loosening, operative time, blood loss, Harris Hip Score, and ability to mobilize postoperatively without aid. Complication rates, however, were much higher in the acute group. CONCLUSION Evidence based on this topic is scarce and therefore we have to be cautious about drawing a definitive conclusion. The findings of this systematic review do suggest, however, that acute THAs should be considered in elderly patients, where fixation is not possible, or when their health and ability to rehabilitate are poor. It should also be considered in patients where PTOA is very likely, or where there is already some preexisting degenerative osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Hamlin
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK,Address for correspondence: Miss. Katharine Hamlin, 162 Kincorth Circle, Aberdeen, AB12 5NT, UK. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Tarak Chouari
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Iain M Stevenson
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Steven W Hamilton
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
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48
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the initial treatment of displaced acetabular fractures among older adults across multiple trauma centers and to investigate the factors that influence the decision to operate and the choice of operative procedure [open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) vs. total hip arthroplasty (THA)]. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Fifteen US level-I trauma centers participating in the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Overall, 269 patients aged 60 years or older admitted for the treatment of a displaced acetabular fracture. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Treatment. RESULTS Sixty percent of fractures (n = 162) were treated operatively. Younger age (<80 years), injury from high-energy mechanism, fractures with femoral head impaction, and fractures without hip congruency were significantly associated with receiving operative treatment (P < 0.05). Significant site variation in operative versus nonoperative treatment occurred even after accounting for these factors (P = 0.0044). Among operatively treated patients, 88% (n = 142) received ORIF and 12% (n = 20) received THA as the initial treatment. Women were more likely to be treated with initial THA compared with men; of the known risk factors for poor outcomes with ORIF (ie, dome or roof impaction, femoral head impaction, or posterior wall involvement), only dome impaction was significantly associated with receiving initial THA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Currently, no treatment guidelines exist for acetabular fractures in older adults, which likely explains the significant site variation in operative versus nonoperative treatment. This study identifies patient and injury factors that drive treatment decisions, which will be important in planning and designing future trials needed to determine the best treatment for these fractures.
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Mears SC, Kates SL. A Guide to Improving the Care of Patients with Fragility Fractures, Edition 2. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2015; 6:58-120. [PMID: 26246957 DOI: 10.1177/2151458515572697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, much has been learned about the pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis, the prevention of fragility fractures, and the perioperative management of patients who have these debilitating injuries. However, the volume of published literature on this topic is staggering and far too voluminous for any clinician to review and synthesize by him or herself. This manuscript thoroughly summarizes the latest research on fragility fractures and provides the reader with valuable strategies to optimize the prevention and management of these devastating injuries. The information contained in this article will prove invaluable to any health care provider or health system administrator who is involved in the prevention and management of fragility hip fractures. As providers begin to gain a better understanding of the principles espoused in this article, it is our hope that they will be able to use this information to optimize the care they provide for elderly patients who are at risk of or who have osteoporotic fractures.
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Effect of surgical treatment on mortality after acetabular fracture in the elderly: a multicenter study of 454 patients. J Orthop Trauma 2015; 29:202-8. [PMID: 25233162 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Controversy exists regarding the effect of operative treatment on mortality after acetabular fracture in elderly patients. Our hypothesis was that operative treatment would confer a mortality benefit compared with nonoperative treatment even after adjusting for comorbidities associated with death. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Three University Level I Trauma Centers. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS All patients aged 60 years and older with acetabular fractures treated from 2002 to 2009 were included in the study. Four hundred fifty-four patients were identified with an average age of 74 years. Sixty-seven percent of the study group was male and 33% female. INTERVENTION One of 4 treatments: nonoperative management with early mobilization, percutaneous reduction and fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, acute total hip arthroplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Kaplan-Meier survival curves were created, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for covariates of interest. RESULTS In contrast to previous smaller studies, the overall mortality was relatively low at 16% at 1 year [95% confidence interval (CI), 13-19]. Unadjusted survivorship curves suggested higher 1-year mortality rates for nonoperatively treated patients (21% vs. 13%, P < 0.001); however, nonoperative treatment was associated with other risk factors for higher mortality. By accounting for these patient risk factors, our final multivariate model of survival demonstrated no significant difference in hazard of death for nonoperative treatment (0.92, P = 0.6) nor for any of the 3 operative treatment subgroups (P range, 0.4-0.8). As expected, we did find a significantly increased hazard for factors such as the Charlson comorbidity index [HR, 1.25 per point (95% CI, 1.16-1.34)] and age [HR, 1.08 per year of age more than 70 years (95% CI, 1.05-1.11)]. In addition, associated fracture patterns (compared with elementary patterns) significantly increased the hazard of death with a ratio of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.10-2.06). CONCLUSIONS The operative treatment of acetabular fractures does not increase or decrease mortality, once comorbidities are taken into account. The reasons for this are unknown. Regardless of the causes, the decision for operative versus nonoperative treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures should not be justified based on the concern for increased or decreased mortality alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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