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Huang Y, Dong S, Li X, Shi J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Yu J. VNS-mediated α7nAChR signaling promotes SPM synthesis via regulation of netrin-1 expression during LPS-induced ALI. FASEB J 2024; 38:e9664. [PMID: 38038805 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301623r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays a crucial role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) during sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). Increasing evidence suggests that specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are important in resolving α7nAChR-mediated ALI resolution. Our study aims to elucidate the pivotal role of α7nAChR in the CAP during LPS-associated acute lung injury (ALI). By employing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), we identified α7nAChR as the key CAP subunit in ALI mice, effectively reducing lung permeability and the release of inflammatory cytokines. We further investigated the alterations in SPMs regulated by α7nAChR, revealing a predominant synthesis of lipoxin A4 (LXA4). The significance of α7nAChR-netrin-1 pathway in governing SPM synthesis was confirmed through the use of netrin-1 knockout mice and siRNA-transfected macrophages. Additionally, our evaluation identified a synchronous alteration of LXA4 synthesis in the α7nAChR-netrin-1 pathway accompanied by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), thereby confirming an ameliorative effect of LXA4 on lung injury and macrophage inflammatory response. Concurrently, inhibiting the function of LXA4 annulled the lung-protective effect of VNS. As a result, our findings reveal a novel anti-inflammatory pathway wherein VNS modulates netrin-1 expression via α7nAChR, ultimately leading to LXA4 synthesis and subsequent lung protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Lauwers C, De Bruyn L, Langouche L. Impact of critical illness on cholesterol and fatty acids: insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:84. [PMID: 38015312 PMCID: PMC10684846 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical illness is characterized by a hypercatabolic response encompassing endocrine and metabolic alterations. Not only the uptake, synthesis and metabolism of glucose and amino acids is majorly affected, but also the homeostasis of lipids and cholesterol is altered during acute and prolonged critical illness. Patients who suffer from critically ill conditions such as sepsis, major trauma, surgery or burn wounds display an immediate and sustained reduction in low plasma LDL-, HDL- and total cholesterol concentrations, together with a, less pronounced, increase in plasma free fatty acids. The severity of these alterations is associated with severity of illness, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are multifactorial and only partly clarified. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of how lipid and cholesterol uptake, synthesis and metabolism is affected during critical illness. Reduced nutritional uptake, increased scavenging of lipoproteins as well as an increased conversion to cortisol or other cholesterol-derived metabolites might all play a role in the decrease in plasma cholesterol. The acute stress response to critical illness creates a lipolytic cocktail, which might explain the increase in plasma free fatty acids, although reduced uptake and oxidation, but also increased lipogenesis, especially in prolonged critical illness, will also affect the circulating levels. Whether a disturbed lipid homeostasis warrants intervention or should primarily be interpreted as a signal of severity of illness requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lauwers
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 Box 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lauren De Bruyn
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 Box 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 Box 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Horner E, Lord JM, Hazeldine J. The immune suppressive properties of damage associated molecular patterns in the setting of sterile traumatic injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239683. [PMID: 37662933 PMCID: PMC10469493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Associated with the development of hospital-acquired infections, major traumatic injury results in an immediate and persistent state of systemic immunosuppression, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Detected in the circulation in the minutes, days and weeks following injury, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are a heterogeneous collection of proteins, lipids and DNA renowned for initiating the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Suggesting additional immunomodulatory roles in the post-trauma immune response, data are emerging implicating DAMPs as potential mediators of post-trauma immune suppression. Discussing the results of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, the purpose of this review is to summarise the emerging immune tolerising properties of cytosolic, nuclear and mitochondrial-derived DAMPs. Direct inhibition of neutrophil antimicrobial activities, the induction of endotoxin tolerance in monocytes and macrophages, and the recruitment, activation and expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells are examples of some of the immune suppressive properties assigned to DAMPs so far. Crucially, with studies identifying the molecular mechanisms by which DAMPs promote immune suppression, therapeutic strategies that prevent and/or reverse DAMP-induced immunosuppression have been proposed. Approaches currently under consideration include the use of synthetic polymers, or the delivery of plasma proteins, to scavenge circulating DAMPs, or to treat critically-injured patients with antagonists of DAMP receptors. However, as DAMPs share signalling pathways with pathogen associated molecular patterns, and pro-inflammatory responses are essential for tissue regeneration, these approaches need to be carefully considered in order to ensure that modulating DAMP levels and/or their interaction with immune cells does not negatively impact upon anti-microbial defence and the physiological responses of tissue repair and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Horner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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4
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang S, Jiang M, Chu Y. LC-MS/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analyses for the Mechanism of Augmented Renal Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10459. [PMID: 37445637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) refers to the increased renal clearance of circulating solute in critically ill patients. In this study, the analytical research method of transcriptomics combined with metabolomics was used to study the pathogenesis of ARC at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. In transcriptomics, 534 samples from 5 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed and 834 differential genes associated with ARC were obtained. In metabolomics, we used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to determine the non-targeted metabolites of 102 samples after matching propensity scores, and obtained 45 differential metabolites associated with ARC. The results of the combined analysis showed that purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were changed in patients with ARC. We speculate that the occurrence of ARC may be related to the alteration of renal blood perfusion by LTB4R, ARG1, ALOX5, arginine and prostaglandins E2 through inflammatory response, as well as the effects of CA4, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, PRKACB, NMDAR, glutamate and cAMP on renal capillary wall permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Kyriakaki P, Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E. Schizochytrium spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020497. [PMID: 36830055 PMCID: PMC9952451 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The high propensity of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to oxidation can induce a cascade of cellular immune-oxidative imbalances. On the other hand, PUFA, namely docosapentaenoic acid (ω6-DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can exert immunomodulatory effects by suppressing a pro-inflammatory response. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. levels, rich in both ω6-DPA and DHA on the transcriptional profiling of genes involved in oxidative homeostasis and innate immunity of dairy goats' monocytes and neutrophils. Twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups; the diet of the control group (CON) had no Schizochytrium spp. while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g/goat/day. The mRNA levels of MGST1 in neutrophils were downregulated (p = 0.037), while in monocytes, SOD2 and SOD3 were downregulated (p = 0.010 and p = 0.044, respectively) in ALG60 compared to the CON group. GPX2 mRNA levels were downregulated (p = 0.036) in ALG20 and ALG60 compared to the CON group in neutrophils. NOX1 was upregulated (p = 0.043) in the neutrophiles of ALG60-goats. NOX2 was upregulated (p = 0.042) in the monocytes of ALG40-fed goats, while higher (p = 0.045) levels were also found in the ALG60 group in neutrophils. The mRNA levels of COX2 were downregulated (p = 0.035) in monocytes of the ALG40 and ALG60 groups. The mRNA levels of PTGER2 were also downregulated (p = 0.004) in monocytes of Schizochytrium-fed goats, while in neutrophils, significant downregulation (p = 0.024) was only found for ALG60 compared to the CON group. ALOX5AP mRNA levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.033) in ALG60 compared to the CON group in monocytes. LTA4H mRNA levels were increased (p = 0.015) in ALG60 compared to ALG20 and ALG40 groups in monocytes, while in neutrophils, a significant downregulation (p = 0.028) was observed in ALG20 compared to the CON group. The inclusion of more than 20 g Schizochytrium spp./day in goats' diet induced imbalances in mechanisms that regulate the antioxidant system, while downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory pathways in monocytes and neutrophils.
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dos Santos HT, Nam K, Gil D, Yellepeddi V, Baker OJ. Current experimental methods to investigate the impact of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094278. [PMID: 36713415 PMCID: PMC9878840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by diminished secretory function of the exocrine glands. Although extensive investigation has been done to understand Sjögren's syndrome, the causes of the disease are as yet unknown and treatments remain largely ineffective, with established therapeutic interventions being limited to use of saliva substitutes with modest effectiveness. A primary feature of Sjögren's syndrome is uncontrolled inflammation of exocrine tissues and previous studies have demonstrated that lipid-based specialized pro-resolving mediators reduce inflammation and restores tissue integrity in salivary glands. However, these studies are limited to a single specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator's family member resolvin D1 or RvD1 and its aspirin-triggered epimer, AT-RvD1. Consequently, additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits of other members of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator's family and related molecules (e.g., additional resolvin subtypes as well as lipoxins, maresins and protectins). In support of this goal, the current review aims to briefly describe the range of current experimental methods to investigate the impact of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on Sjögren's syndrome, including both strengths and weaknesses of each approach where this information is known. With this article, the possibilities presented by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators will be introduced to a wider audience in immunology and practical advice is given to researchers who may wish to take up this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim T. dos Santos
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Diana Gil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Venkata Yellepeddi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Olga J. Baker
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Olga J. Baker,
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7
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Formyl peptide receptor 2 as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:19-31. [PMID: 35840658 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global health burden whose existing treatment is largely dependent on anti-inflammatory agents. Despite showing some therapeutic actions, their clinical efficacy and adverse events are unacceptable. Resolution as an active and orchestrated phase of inflammation involves improper inflammatory response with three key triggers, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), neutrophils and phagocyte efferocytosis. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) is a human G protein-coupled receptor capable of binding SPMs and participates in the resolution process. This receptor has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases and its association with mouse model of IBD was established in some resolution-related studies. Here, we give an overview of three reported FPR2/ALX agonists highlighting their respective roles in pro-resolving strategies.
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8
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Vanzant E, Frayman R, Hensley S, Rosenthal M. Should Anabolic Agents be Used for Resolving Catabolism in Post-ICU Recovery? CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-022-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Dos Santos HT, Maslow F, Nam K, Trump B, Weisman GA, Baker OJ. A combination treatment of low-dose dexamethasone and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces Sjögren syndrome-like features in a mouse model. JADA FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:100016. [PMID: 37622089 PMCID: PMC10448398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfscie.2022.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and diminished secretory function of the salivary glands. Dexamethasone (DEX) resolves dry mouth and lymphocytic infiltration; however, this treatment is difficult to maintain because of multiple adverse effects (eg, osteoporosis and skin thinning); likewise, aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) increases saliva secretion but cannot eliminate lymphocytic infiltration. Previous studies showed that a combination of low-dose DEX with AT-RvD1 before disease onset prevents SS-like features in a mouse model; however, this is not clinically practical because there are no reliable indicators of SS before disease onset. Therefore, the authors applied the combined treatment at disease onset to show its efficacy and comparative lack of adverse effects, so that it may reasonably be maintained over a patient's lifetime. Methods NOD/ShiLtJ mice were treated with ethanol (vehicle control), high-dose DEX alone, AT-RvD1 alone, or a combination of low-dose DEX with AT-RvD1 at disease onset for 8 weeks. Then saliva flow rates were measured, and submandibular glands were harvested for histologic analyses. Results A combined treatment of low-dose DEX with AT-RvD1 significantly decreased mast cell degranulation and lymphocytic infiltration, increased saliva secretion, and restored apical aquaporin-5 expression in submandibular glands of NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Conclusions Low-dose DEX combined with AT-RvD1 reduces the severity of SS-like manifestation and prevents the development of advanced and potentially irreversible damage, all in a form that can reasonably be administered indefinitely without the need to cease treatment because of secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Frank Maslow
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Bryan Trump
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Olga J Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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10
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Wu J, Cyr A, Gruen DS, Lovelace TC, Benos PV, Das J, Kar UK, Chen T, Guyette FX, Yazer MH, Daley BJ, Miller RS, Harbrecht BG, Claridge JA, Phelan HA, Zuckerbraun BS, Neal MD, Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Namas RA, Vodovotz Y, Sperry JL, Billiar TR. Lipidomic signatures align with inflammatory patterns and outcomes in critical illness. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6789. [PMID: 36357394 PMCID: PMC9647252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism have the potential to be markers as well as drivers of pathobiology of acute critical illness. Here, we took advantage of the temporal precision offered by trauma as a common cause of critical illness to identify the dynamic patterns in the circulating lipidome in critically ill humans. The major findings include an early loss of all classes of circulating lipids followed by a delayed and selective lipogenesis in patients destined to remain critically ill. The previously reported survival benefit of early thawed plasma administration was associated with preserved lipid levels that related to favorable changes in coagulation and inflammation biomarkers in causal modelling. Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) were elevated in patients with persistent critical illness and PE levels were prognostic for worse outcomes not only in trauma but also severe COVID-19 patients. Here we show selective rise in systemic PE as a common prognostic feature of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Eight-year program of medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anthony Cyr
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Gruen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler C Lovelace
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Upendra K Kar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tianmeng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis X Guyette
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark H Yazer
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Daley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Richard S Miller
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian G Harbrecht
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Claridge
- Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Herb A Phelan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian S Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pär I Johansson
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stensballe
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Center, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Rami A Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason L Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Single-cell RNA sequencing depicts the local cell landscape in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100699. [PMID: 35896115 PMCID: PMC9418739 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a specific reactivity and characteristic remodeling of the periocular tissue in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). However, local cell changes responsible for these pathological processes have not been sufficiently identified. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing is performed to characterize the transcriptional changes of cellular components in the orbital connective tissue in individuals with TAO. Our study shows that lipofibroblasts with RASD1 expression are highly involved in inflammation and adipogenesis during TAO. ACKR1+ endothelial cells and adipose tissue macrophages may engage in TAO pathogenesis. We find CD8+CD57+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes with the terminal differentiation phenotype to be another source of interferon-γ, a molecule actively engaging in TAO pathogenesis. Cell-cell communication analysis reveals increased activity of CXCL8/ACKR1 and TNFSF4/TNFRSF4 interactions in TAO. This study provides a comprehensive local cell landscape of TAO and may be valuable for future therapy investigation. A local transcriptional landscape of orbital connective tissue in TAO is developed RASD1-expressing lipofibroblasts are highly involved in adipogenesis and inflammation ACKR1+ endothelial cells contribute to inflammatory cell infiltration in TAO Adipose tissue macrophages engage in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in TAO
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12
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Gene Expression of the D-Series Resolvin Pathway Predicts Activation of Anti-Tumor Immunity and Clinical Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126473. [PMID: 35742918 PMCID: PMC9223893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In human medicine, the progression from early neoplasia development to either complete resolution of tumorigenesis and associated inflammation or chronicity and fatal outcomes remain difficult to predict. Resolution of inflammation is an active process that stimulates the termination of the inflammatory response and promotes return to homeostasis, while failure in resolution contributes to the development of a number of diseases. To understand how resolution pathways contribute to tumorigenesis, we defined and employed a cumulative score based on the expression level of genes involved in synthesis, signaling, and metabolism of the D-series resolvin (RvD). This score was used for comparative analyses of clinical, cellular, and molecular features of tumors, based on RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets collected within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. Our results indicate that higher RvD scores are associated with better clinical outcome of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), and with molecular and cellular signatures indicative of enhanced anti-tumor immunity and better response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), also in human papilloma virus (HPV) negative HNSC subtypes. Thus, higher activity of the RvD pathway identifies patients with improved resolution and a more efficient immune reaction against cancer.
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Dos Santos HT, Nam K, Maslow F, Trump B, Baker OJ. Specialized pro-resolving receptors are expressed in salivary glands with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 56:151865. [PMID: 34847389 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-trigged (AT) form AT-RvD1, are effective in decreasing inflammation while restoring saliva flow rates in a Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like mouse model before and after disease onset. Resolvins are specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) that actively regulate inflammation. However, we only have extensive data within the salivary glands for RvD1 and AT-RvD1, both of which bind to the receptor ALX/FPR2. As such, the presence of other SPM receptors is unknown within salivary glands. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the expression of SPM receptors in non-SS and SS patients. For this purpose, six human minor salivary glands from female subjects were analyzed by H&E using the Chisholm and Mason classification to determine the degree of lymphocytic infiltration. Next, confocal immunofluorescence analysis was performed to determine the presence and distribution of different SPM receptors in mucous acini and striated ducts. We observed diffuse presence of lymphocytic infiltration and clinical data were consistent with SS diagnosis in three patients. Moreover, confocal immunofluorescence analysis indicated the presence of the receptors ALX/FPR2, BLT1 and CMKLR1 in the mucous acini and striated ducts of both non-SS and SS patients. GPR32 was absent in SS and non-SS minor salivary glands. In summary, our results showed that various SPM receptors are expressed in non-SS and SS minor salivary glands, all of which may pose as potential targets for promoting pro-epithelial and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution signaling on SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frank Maslow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Trump
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Xu C, Chen H. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Model Predicts Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:697043. [PMID: 34447410 PMCID: PMC8384470 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.697043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma is a common but aggressive tumor. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered cell death with important roles in tumor biology. Nevertheless, the prognostic power of ferroptosis-linked genes remained unclear in cutaneous melanoma. Methods Cutaneous melanoma patients of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) were taken as the training cohort while GSE65904 and GSE22153 as the validation cohorts. Multifactor Cox regression model was used to build a prognostic model, and the performance of the model was assessed. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis were used to clarify the mechanisms. Results A five ferroptosis-linked gene predictive model was developed. ALOX5 and GCH1 were illustrated as independent predictive factors. Functional assessment showed enriched immune-linked cascades. Immune infiltrating analysis exhibited the distinct immune microenvironment. Conclusion Herein, a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic model was built in cutaneous melanoma. This model could be used for prognostic prediction, and maybe helpful for the targeted and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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15
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Abstract
Chronic posttraumatic headache (PTH) is among the most common and disabling sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current PTH treatments are often only partially effective and have problematic side effects. We previously showed in a small randomized trial of patients with chronic nontraumatic headaches that manipulation of dietary fatty acids decreased headache frequency, severity, and pain medication use. Pain reduction was associated with alterations in oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, suggesting that oxylipins could potentially mediate clinical pain reduction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circulating oxylipins measured in the acute setting after TBI could serve as prognostic biomarkers for developing chronic PTH. Participants enrolled in the Traumatic Head Injury Neuroimaging Classification Protocol provided serum within 3 days of TBI and were followed up at 90 days postinjury with a neurobehavioral symptom inventory (NSI) and satisfaction with life survey. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods profiled 39 oxylipins derived from n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-6 arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Statistical analyses assessed the association of oxylipins with headache severity (primary outcome, measured by headache question on NSI) as well as associations between oxylipins and total NSI or satisfaction with life survey scores. Among oxylipins, 4-hydroxy-DHA and 19,20-epoxy-docosapentaenoate (DHA derivatives) were inversely associated with headache severity, and 11-hydroxy-9-epoxy-octadecenoate (a linoleic acid derivative) was positively associated with headache severity. These findings support a potential for DHA-derived oxylipins as prognostic biomarkers for development of chronic PTH.
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16
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Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the variety of sperm storage in oviduct of egg layers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101087. [PMID: 33887680 PMCID: PMC8082553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In birds, the sperm storage tubules (SST) are dispersed in uterovaginal junction (UVJ) and highly correlated with differential capacity of sperm storage (SS) in and among species with unspecified mechanisms. Here, the SS duration of 252 egg layer breeders was evaluated in 5 rounds with 3 phenotypic traits to screen high- and low-SS individuals, respectively, followed with transcriptome of UVJ tissues and metabolome of serum (high-SS vs. low-SS) to decipher the candidate genes and biochemical markers correlated with differential SS capacity. Histological characterization suggested slightly higher density of SST in UVJ (high-SS vs. low-SS). Transcriptome analyses identified 596 differentially expressed genes (336 upregulated vs. 260 downregulated), which were mainly enriched in gene ontology terms of homeostasis, steroid and lipid metabolism and hormone activity, and 12 significant pathways (P < 0.05) represented by calcium, steroid, and lipid metabolism. Immunohistochemical staining of GNAQ, ST6GAL1, ADFP, and PCNA showed similar distribution in UVJ tissues between 2 groups. Several candidates (HSD11B2, DIO2, AQP3, GNAQ, NANS, ST6GAL1) combined with 4 (11β-prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin B1, 7α-hydroxytestosterone, and N-acetylneuraminic acid) of 40 differential metabolites enriched in serum metabolome were considered as regulators and biomarkers of SS duration in egg layer breeders. The integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses of chicken breeder hens will provide novel insights for exploration and improvement of differential SS capacity in birds.
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Wu J, Cyr A, Gruen DS, Lovelace TC, Benos PV, Chen T, Guyette FX, Yazer MH, Daley BJ, Miller RS, Harbrecht BG, Claridge JA, Phelan HA, Zuckerbraun BS, Neal MD, Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Namas RA, Vodovotz Y, Sperry JL, Billiar TR. Lipidomic Signatures Align with Inflammatory Patterns and Outcomes in Critical Illness. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-106579. [PMID: 33442677 PMCID: PMC7805459 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-106579/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism have the potential to be markers as well as drivers of the pathobiology of acute critical illness. Here, we took advantage of the temporal precision offered by trauma as a common cause of critical illness to identify the dynamic patterns in the circulating lipidome in critically ill humans. The major findings include an early loss of all classes of circulating lipids followed by a delayed and selective lipogenesis in patients destined to remain critically ill. Early in the clinical course, Fresh Frozen Plasma administration led to improved survival in association with preserved lipid levels that related to favorable changes in coagulation and inflammation biomarkers. Late over-representation of phosphatidylethanolamines with critical illness led to the validation of a Lipid Reprogramming Score that was prognostic not only in trauma but also severe COVID-19 patients. Our lipidomic findings provide a new paradigm for the lipid response underlying critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
- Department of Cardiology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Eight-year program of medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anthony Cyr
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Danielle S. Gruen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Tyler C. Lovelace
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tianmeng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis X. Guyette
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark H. Yazer
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J. Daley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard S. Miller
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian G. Harbrecht
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Claridge
- Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Herb A. Phelan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Brian S. Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Pär I. Johansson
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stensballe
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Center, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Rami A. Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Jason L. Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
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Cioccari L, Luethi N, Masoodi M. Lipid Mediators in Critically Ill Patients: A Step Towards Precision Medicine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599853. [PMID: 33324417 PMCID: PMC7724037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated response to systemic inflammation is a common pathophysiological feature of most conditions encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent evidence indicates that a dysregulated inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of various ICU-related disorders associated with high mortality, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral and myocardial ischemia, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, persistent or non-resolving inflammation may lead to the syndrome of persistent critical illness, characterized by acquired immunosuppression, catabolism and poor long-term functional outcomes. Despite decades of research, management of many disorders in the ICU is mostly supportive, and current therapeutic strategies often do not take into account the heterogeneity of the patient population, underlying chronic conditions, nor the individual state of the immune response. Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators are recognized as key players in the generation and resolution of inflammation, and their signature provides specific information on patients' inflammatory status and immune response. Lipidomics is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to assess lipid metabolism and the interaction between metabolic changes and the immune system via profiling lipid mediators in clinical studies. Within the concept of precision medicine, understanding and characterizing the individual immune response may allow for better stratification of critically ill patients as well as identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of fatty acid-derived lipid mediators as endogenous regulators of the inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving response and future directions for use of clinical lipidomics to identify lipid mediators as diagnostic and prognostic markers in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cioccari
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Nora Luethi
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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The biological role of arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in various human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Relja B, Land WG. Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 46:751-775. [PMID: 31612270 PMCID: PMC7427761 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, the "danger model" argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of "strange" molecules. Thus, an alternative to the "self versus non-self recognition model" has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their "friend or foe" role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Walter Gottlieb Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMR_S1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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21
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Cheng Y, Pereira M, Raukar NP, Reagan JL, Quesenberry M, Goldberg L, Borgovan T, LaFrance Jr WC, Dooner M, Deregibus M, Camussi G, Ramratnam B, Quesenberry P. Inflammation-related gene expression profiles of salivary extracellular vesicles in patients with head trauma. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:676-681. [PMID: 31638091 PMCID: PMC6975135 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have shown that extracellular vesicles released by damaged cells into biological fluids can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of TBI and evaluation of TBI severity. We hypothesize that the genetic profile of salivary extracellular vesicles in patients with head trauma differs from that in uninjured subjects. Findings from this hypothesis would help investigate the severity of TBI. This study included 19 subjects, consisting of seven healthy controls who denied history of head trauma, six patients diagnosed with concussion injury from an outpatient concussion clinic, and six patients with TBI who received treatment in the emergency department within 24 hours after injury. Real-time PCR analysis of salivary extracellular vesicles in participants was performed using TaqMan Human Inflammation array. Gene expression analysis revealed nine upregulated genes in emergency department patients (LOX5, ANXA3, CASP1, IL2RG, ITGAM, ITGB2, LTA4H, MAPK14, and TNFRSF1A) and 13 upregulated genes in concussion clinic patients compared with healthy participants (ADRB1, ADRB2, BDKRB1, HRH1, HRH2, LTB4R2, LTB4R, PTAFR, CYSLTR1, CES1, KLK1, MC2R, and PTGER3). Each patient group had a unique profile. Comparison between groups showed that 15 inflammation-related genes had significant expression change. Our results indicate that inflammation biomarkers can be used for diagnosis of TBI and evaluation of disease severity. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board on December 18, 2015 (approval No. 0078-12) and on June 9, 2016 (approval No. 4093-16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mandy Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Neha P. Raukar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John L. Reagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mathew Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Theodor Borgovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - W Curt LaFrance Jr
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark Dooner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Maria Deregibus
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino TO, Italy
| | - Bharat Ramratnam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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Reyes M, Filbin MR, Bhattacharyya RP, Billman K, Eisenhaure T, Hung DT, Levy BD, Baron RM, Blainey PC, Goldberg MB, Hacohen N. An immune-cell signature of bacterial sepsis. Nat Med 2020; 26:333-340. [PMID: 32066974 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune response to bacterial infection can lead to sepsis, a condition with high mortality. Multiple whole-blood gene-expression studies have defined sepsis-associated molecular signatures, but have not resolved changes in transcriptional states of specific cell types. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to profile the blood of people with sepsis (n = 29) across three clinical cohorts with corresponding controls (n = 36). We profiled total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, 106,545 cells) and dendritic cells (19,806 cells) across all subjects and, on the basis of clustering of their gene-expression profiles, defined 16 immune-cell states. We identified a unique CD14+ monocyte state that is expanded in people with sepsis and validated its power in distinguishing these individuals from controls using public transcriptomic data from subjects with different disease etiologies and from multiple geographic locations (18 cohorts, n = 1,467 subjects). We identified a panel of surface markers for isolation and quantification of the monocyte state and characterized its epigenomic and functional phenotypes, and propose a model for its induction from human bone marrow. This study demonstrates the utility of single-cell genomics in discovering disease-associated cytologic signatures and provides insight into the cellular basis of immune dysregulation in bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reyes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Filbin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roby P Bhattacharyya
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Deborah T Hung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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El Ayadi A, Jay JW, Prasai A. Current Approaches Targeting the Wound Healing Phases to Attenuate Fibrosis and Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031105. [PMID: 32046094 PMCID: PMC7037118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fibrosis results from suboptimal wound healing following significant tissue injury such as severe burns, trauma, and major surgeries. Pathologic skin fibrosis results in scars that are disfiguring, limit normal movement, and prevent patient recovery and reintegration into society. While various therapeutic strategies have been used to accelerate wound healing and decrease the incidence of scarring, recent studies have targeted the molecular regulators of each phase of wound healing, including the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Here, we reviewed the most recent literature elucidating molecular pathways that can be targeted to reduce fibrosis with a particular focus on post-burn scarring. Current research targeting inflammatory mediators, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and regulators of myofibroblast differentiation shows promising results. However, a multimodal approach addressing all three phases of wound healing may provide the best therapeutic outcome.
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24
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Berger M, Terrando N, Smith SK, Browndyke JN, Newman MF, Mathew JP. Neurocognitive Function after Cardiac Surgery: From Phenotypes to Mechanisms. Anesthesiology 2018; 129:829-851. [PMID: 29621031 PMCID: PMC6148379 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For half a century, it has been known that some patients experience neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery; however, defining its incidence, course, and causes remains challenging and controversial. Various terms have been used to describe neurocognitive dysfunction at different times after cardiac surgery, ranging from "postoperative delirium" to "postoperative cognitive dysfunction or decline." Delirium is a clinical diagnosis included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is not included in the DSM-5 and has been heterogeneously defined, though a recent international nomenclature effort has proposed standardized definitions for it. Here, the authors discuss pathophysiologic mechanisms that may underlie these complications, review the literature on methods to prevent them, and discuss novel approaches to understand their etiology that may lead to novel treatment strategies. Future studies should measure both delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction to help clarify the relationship between these important postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Berger
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S. Kendall Smith
- Critical Care Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jeffrey N. Browndyke
- Assistant Professor, Division of Geriatric Behavioral Health, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Mark F. Newman
- Merel H. Harmel Professor of Anesthesiology, and President of the Private Diagnostic Clinic, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Joseph P. Mathew
- Jerry Reves, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Jayaraman SP, Anand RJ, DeAntonio JH, Mangino M, Aboutanos MB, Kasirajan V, Ivatury RR, Valadka AB, Glushakova O, Hayes RL, Bachmann LM, Brophy GM, Contaifer D, Warncke UO, Brophy DF, Wijesinghe DS. Metabolomics and Precision Medicine in Trauma: The State of the Field. Shock 2018; 50:5-13. [PMID: 29280924 PMCID: PMC5995639 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trauma is a major problem in the United States. Mortality from trauma is the number one cause of death under the age of 45 in the United States and is the third leading cause of death for all age groups. There are approximately 200,000 deaths per year due to trauma in the United States at a cost of over $671 billion in combined healthcare costs and lost productivity. Unsurprisingly, trauma accounts for approximately 30% of all life-years lost in the United States. Due to immense development of trauma systems, a large majority of trauma patients survive the injury, but then go on to die from complications arising from the injury. These complications are marked by early and significant metabolic changes accompanied by inflammatory responses that lead to progressive organ failure and, ultimately, death. Early resuscitative and surgical interventions followed by close monitoring to identify and rescue treatment failures are key to successful outcomes. Currently, the adequacy of resuscitation is measured using vital signs, noninvasive methods such as bedside echocardiography or stroke volume variation, and other laboratory endpoints of resuscitation, such as lactate and base deficit. However, these methods may be too crude to understand cellular and subcellular changes that may be occurring in trauma patients. Better diagnostic and therapeutic markers are needed to assess the adequacy of interventions and monitor responses at a cellular and subcellular level and inform clinical decision-making before complications are clinically apparent. The developing field of metabolomics holds great promise in the identification and application of biochemical markers toward the clinical decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha P Jayaraman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rahul J Anand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jonathan H DeAntonio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Martin Mangino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michel B Aboutanos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Vigneshwar Kasirajan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rao R Ivatury
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alex B Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Olena Glushakova
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ronald L Hayes
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Center of Innovative Research, Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida
| | - Lorin M Bachmann
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gretchen M Brophy
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Daniel Contaifer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Urszula O Warncke
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Donald F Brophy
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Dayanjan S Wijesinghe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- da Vinci Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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26
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Hazeldine J, Naumann DN, Toman E, Davies D, Bishop JRB, Su Z, Hampson P, Dinsdale RJ, Crombie N, Duggal NA, Harrison P, Belli A, Lord JM. Prehospital immune responses and development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following traumatic injury: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002338. [PMID: 28719602 PMCID: PMC5515405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all studies that have investigated the immune response to trauma have analysed blood samples acquired post-hospital admission. Thus, we know little of the immune status of patients in the immediate postinjury phase and how this might influence patient outcomes. The objective of this study was therefore to comprehensively assess the ultra-early, within 1-hour, immune response to trauma and perform an exploratory analysis of its relationship with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS AND FINDINGS The immune and inflammatory response to trauma was analysed in 89 adult trauma patients (mean age 41 years, range 18-90 years, 75 males) with a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 24 (range 9-66), from whom blood samples were acquired within 1 hour of injury (mean time to sample 42 minutes, range 17-60 minutes). Within minutes of trauma, a comprehensive leukocytosis, elevated serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and evidence of innate cell activation that included neutrophil extracellular trap generation and elevated surface expression of toll-like receptor 2 and CD11b on monocytes and neutrophils, respectively, were observed. Features consistent with immune compromise were also detected, notably elevated numbers of immune suppressive CD16BRIGHT CD62LDIM neutrophils (82.07 x 106/l ± 18.94 control versus 1,092 x 106/l ± 165 trauma, p < 0.0005) and CD14+HLA-DRlow/- monocytes (34.96 x 106/l ± 4.48 control versus 95.72 x 106/l ± 8.0 trauma, p < 0.05) and reduced leukocyte cytokine secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Exploratory analysis via binary logistic regression found a potential association between absolute natural killer T (NKT) cell numbers and the subsequent development of MODS. Study limitations include the relatively small sample size and the absence of data relating to adaptive immune cell function. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the dynamic and complex nature of the immune response to trauma, with immune alterations consistent with both activation and suppression evident within 1 hour of injury. The relationship of these changes, especially in NKT cell numbers, to patient outcomes such as MODS warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David N. Naumann
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Toman
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Davies
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. B. Bishop
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangjie Su
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hampson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Dinsdale
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Crombie
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Midlands Air Ambulance, Unit 16 Enterprise Trading Estate, Brierley Hill, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Niharika Arora Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Papathanasiou E, Trotman CA, Scott AR, Van Dyke TE. Current and Emerging Treatments for Postsurgical Cleft Lip Scarring: Effectiveness and Mechanisms. J Dent Res 2017. [PMID: 28650705 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517717261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is the most common congenital malformation of the head and the third-most common birth defect. Surgical repair of the lip is the only treatment and is usually performed during the first year of life. Hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation is a frequent postoperative complication that impairs soft tissue form, function, or movement. Multiple lip revision operations are often required throughout childhood, attempting to optimize aesthetics and function. The mechanisms guiding HTS formation are multifactorial and complex. HTS is the result of dysregulated wound healing, where excessive collagen and extracellular matrix proteins are deposited within the wound area, resulting in persistent inflammation and resultant fibrosis. Many studies support the contribution of dysregulated, exaggerated inflammation in scar formation. Fibrosis and scarring result from chronic inflammation that interrupts tissue remodeling in normal wound healing. Failure of active resolution of inflammation pathways has been implicated. The management of HTS has been challenging for clinicians, since current therapies are minimally effective. Emerging evidence that specialized proresolving mediators of inflammation accelerate wound healing by preventing chronic inflammation and allowing natural uninterrupted tissue remodeling suggests new therapeutic opportunities in the prevention and management of HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papathanasiou
- 1 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,2 Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C A Trotman
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A R Scott
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T E Van Dyke
- 1 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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28
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5987082. [PMID: 28694914 PMCID: PMC5488236 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5987082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis and outcomes of critically ill patients are strictly related with inflammatory status. Inflammation involves a multitude of interactions between different cell types and chemical mediators. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to inhibit different pathways including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and interactions, and production of inflammatory cytokines, through the action of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs from omega-6 fatty acids, such as lipoxins, and from omega-3 fatty acids such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins, act in reducing/resolving the inflammatory process in critical diseases, stimulating the phases of resolution of inflammation. In this light, the resolution of inflammation is nowadays considered as an active process, instead of a passive process. In critical illness, SPMs regulate the excessive posttrauma inflammatory response, protecting organs from damage. This review focuses on the role of omega-3 PUFAs as pharma nutrition agents in acute inflammatory conditions, highlighting their effects as anti-inflammatory or proresolving agents.
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29
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Ke Y, Zebda N, Oskolkova O, Afonyushkin T, Berdyshev E, Tian Y, Meng F, Sarich N, Bochkov VN, Wang JM, Birukova AA, Birukov KG. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of OxPAPC Involve Endothelial Cell-Mediated Generation of LXA4. Circ Res 2017; 121:244-257. [PMID: 28522438 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC) generates a group of bioactive oxidized phospholipid products with a broad range of biological activities. Barrier-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC on pulmonary endothelial cells are critical for prevention of acute lung injury caused by bacterial pathogens or excessive mechanical ventilation. Anti-inflammatory properties of OxPAPC are associated with its antagonistic effects on Toll-like receptors and suppression of RhoA GTPase signaling. OBJECTIVE Because OxPAPC exhibits long-lasting anti-inflammatory and lung-protective effects even after single administration in vivo, we tested the hypothesis that these effects may be mediated by additional mechanisms, such as OxPAPC-dependent production of anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator, lipoxin A4 (LXA4). METHODS AND RESULTS Mass spectrometry and ELISA assays detected significant accumulation of LXA4 in the lungs of OxPAPC-treated mice and in conditioned medium of OxPAPC-exposed pulmonary endothelial cells. Administration of LXA4 reproduced anti-inflammatory effect of OxPAPC against tumor necrosis factor-α in vitro and in the animal model of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. The potent barrier-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC against tumor necrosis factor-α and lipopolysaccharide challenge were suppressed in human pulmonary endothelial cells with small interfering RNA-induced knockdown of LXA4 formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2/ALX) and in mFPR2-/- (mouse formyl peptide receptor 2) mice lacking the mouse homolog of human FPR2/ALX. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that inflammation- and injury-associated phospholipid oxidation triggers production of anti-inflammatory and proresolution molecules, such as LXA4. This lipid mediator switch represents a novel mechanism of OxPAPC-assisted recovery of inflamed lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Ke
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Noureddine Zebda
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Olga Oskolkova
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Taras Afonyushkin
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Yufeng Tian
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Fanyong Meng
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Valery N Bochkov
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Anna A Birukova
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.)
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- From the Department of Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.K., N.Z., O.O., T.A., Y.T., F.M., N.S., A.A.B., K.G.B.); National Jewish Health, Denver, CO (E.B.); National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria (V.N.B.).
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30
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Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile is Altered in Both Septic and Non-Septic Critically Ill: A Correlation with Inflammatory Markers and Albumin. Lipids 2016; 52:245-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Das UN. Combination of aspirin with essential fatty acids is superior to aspirin alone to prevent or ameliorate sepsis or ARDS. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:206. [PMID: 27887602 PMCID: PMC5124295 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that aspirin may be of benefit in treating sepsis and ARDS in view of its ability to block cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 activities; inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); enhance the production of endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Our previous studies revealed that plasma phospholipid content of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is low in patients with sepsis. This implies that beneficial actions of aspirin in sepsis and ARDS is unlikely to be obtained in view of deficiency of AA and EPA, the precursors of LXA4 and resolvins respectively that are potent anti-inflammatory compounds and enhancers of eNO generation. In view of this, I propose that a combination of aspirin and AA and EPA (and possibly, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) is likely to be superior in the management of sepsis and ARDS compared to aspirin alone. This suggestion is supported by the recent observation that trauma patients with uncomplicated recoveries had higher resolvin pathway gene expression and lower gene expression ratios of leukotriene: resolvin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA. .,BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, India.
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32
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Hazeldine J, Hampson P, Lord JM. The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review. BURNS & TRAUMA 2016; 4:33. [PMID: 27672669 PMCID: PMC5030723 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-016-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients, the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly important. Centred on the idea that patients who experience “poor” outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience “good” outcome, tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific therapies. Making use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse outcome. Early results are encouraging, with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with “good” outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections, sepsis and multiple organ failure, with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post injury. In particular, genomic data is proving to be highly informative, identifying patients at risk of “poor” outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring systems. Here, focussing predominantly upon human-based research, we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic, protein and metabolite level, and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hazeldine
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Peter Hampson
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK ; Healing Foundation Centre for Burns Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innate immune dysfunction after major burn injuries increases the susceptibility to organ failure. Lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, e.g., resolvin D2, have been shown recently to restore neutrophil functionality and reduce mortality rate in a rat model of major burn injury. However, the physiological mechanisms responsible for the benefic activity of resolvin D2 are not well understood. DESIGN Prospective randomized animal investigation. SETTING Academic research setting. SUBJECTS Wistar male rats. INTERVENTIONS Animals were subjected to a full-thickness burn of 30% total body surface area. Two hours after burn, 25 ng/kg resolvin D2 was administered IV and repeated every day, for 8 days. At day 10 post burn, 2 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide was administered IV, and the presence of renal and hepatic injuries was evaluated at day 11 post burn by histology, immunohistochemistry, and relevant blood chemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In untreated animals, we found significant tissue damage in the kidneys and liver, consistent with acute tubular necrosis and multifocal necrosis, and changes in blood chemistry, reflecting the deterioration of renal and hepatic functions. We detected less tissue damage and significantly lower values of blood urea nitrogen (26.4 ± 2.1 vs 36.0 ± 9.3 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (266.5 ± 295.2 vs 861.8 ± 813.7 U/L; p ≤ 0.01), and total bilirubin (0.13 ± 0.05 vs 0.30 ± 0.14 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.01) in resolvin D2-treated rats than in untreated animals. The mean blood pressure of all animals was above 65 mm Hg, indicating adequate tissue perfusion throughout the experiments. We measured significantly larger amounts of chromatin in the circulation of untreated than of resolvin D2-treated rats (575.1 ± 331.0 vs 264.1 ± 122.4 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05) and identified neutrophil extracellular traps in kidney and liver tissues from untreated rats, consistent with the tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Pathologic changes in kidney and liver tissues in a rat model of major burn and endotoxin insults are ameliorated by resolvin D2.
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