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Luo S, Zheng X, Bao W, Nie S, Ding Y, Yue T, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Li H, Yang Q, Wan Q, Liu B, Xu H, Li G, Xu G, Chen C, Liu H, Shi Y, Zha Y, Kong Y, Su G, Tang Y, Gong M, Ji L, Hou FF, Weng J. Real-world effectiveness of early insulin therapy on the incidence of cardiovascular events in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:154. [PMID: 38844816 PMCID: PMC11156919 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Early insulin therapy is capable to achieve glycemic control and restore β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in these patients remains unclear. In this nationwide real-world study, we analyzed electronic health record data from 19 medical centers across China between 1 January 2000, and 26 May 2022. We included 5424 eligible patients (mean age 56 years, 2176 women/3248 men) who were diagnosed T2D within six months and did not have prior cardiovascular disease. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of early insulin therapy (defined as the first-line therapy for at least two weeks in newly diagnosed T2D patients) with the incidence of major cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure (HF). During 17,158 persons years of observation, we documented 834 incident CHD cases, 719 stroke cases, and 230 hospitalized cases for HF. Newly diagnosed T2D patients who received early insulin therapy, compared with those who did not receive such treatment, had 31% lower risk of incident stroke, and 28% lower risk of hospitalization for HF. No significant difference in the risk of CHD was observed. We found similar results when repeating the aforesaid analysis in a propensity-score matched population of 4578 patients and with inverse probability of treatment weighting models. These findings suggest that early insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T2D may have cardiovascular benefits by reducing the risk of incident stroke and hospitalization for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Tong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Yilun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongqiong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijun Wan
- The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Renal Department and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongjun Shi
- Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Huizhou, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Guobin Su
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchun Gong
- Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China.
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Azhar A, Khan WH, Al-Hosaini K, Zia Q, Kamal MA. Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Type II Diabetes. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2429-2442. [PMID: 35293290 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220315114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, triggered by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late November 2019, spreading to more than 200 countries of the world, the ensuing pandemic to an enormous loss of lives, mainly the older population with comorbidities, like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and hypertension. Amongst these immune-debilitating diseases, SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most common in patients with diabetes due to the absence of a normal active immune system to fight the COVID-19. Recovery of patients having a history of diabetes from COVID-19 encounters several complications, and their management becomes cumbersome. For control of coronavirus, antiviral medications, glucose-lowering agents, and steroids have been carefully evaluated. In the present review, we discuss the crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients with a history of diabetes. We mainly emphasize the molecular factors that are involved in diabetic individuals recently infected by SARS-CoV-2 and developed COVID-19 disease. Lastly, we examine the medications available for the long-term management of diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Azhar
- Aligarh College of Education, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wajihul Hasan Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Khaled Al-Hosaini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar Zia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.,West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease- related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 6141001, Sichuan, China
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3
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Bolla AM, Loretelli C, Montefusco L, Finzi G, Abdi R, Ben Nasr M, Lunati ME, Pastore I, Bonventre JV, Nebuloni M, Rusconi S, Santus P, Zuccotti G, Galli M, D’Addio F, Fiorina P. Inflammation and vascular dysfunction: The negative synergistic combination of diabetes and COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3565. [PMID: 35830597 PMCID: PMC9349661 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Several reports indicate that diabetes determines an increased mortality risk in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and a good glycaemic control appears to be associated with more favourable outcomes. Evidence also supports that COVID-19 pneumonia only accounts for a part of COVID-19 related deaths. This disease is indeed characterised by abnormal inflammatory response and vascular dysfunction, leading to the involvement and failure of different systems, including severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, coagulopathy, myocardial damage and renal failure. Inflammation and vascular dysfunction are also well-known features of hyperglycemia and diabetes, making up the ground for a detrimental synergistic combination that could explain the increased mortality observed in hyperglycaemic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, we conduct a narrative review on this intriguing connection. Together with this, we also present the clinical characteristics, outcomes, laboratory and histopathological findings related to this topic of a cohort of nearly 1000 subjects with COVID-19 admitted to a third-level Hospital in Milan. RESULTS We found an increased mortality in subjects with COVID-19 and diabetes, together with an altered inflammatory profile. CONCLUSIONS This may support the hypothesis that diabetes and COVID-19 meet at the crossroads of inflammation and vascular dysfunction. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04463849 and NCT04382794).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1DPediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica InvernizziDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Reza Abdi
- Nephrology DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1DPediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica InvernizziDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Nephrology DivisionBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Ida Pastore
- Division of EndocrinologyASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilanItaly
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Nephrology DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Pathology UnitASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Rusconi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Division of Respiratory DiseasesASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilanItaly
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica InvernizziDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Department of Pediatrics“V. Buzzi” Children's HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Galli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- III Division of Infectious DiseasesLuigi Sacco HospitalASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilanItaly
| | - Francesca D’Addio
- Division of EndocrinologyASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilanItaly
- International Center for T1DPediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica InvernizziDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of EndocrinologyASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilanItaly
- International Center for T1DPediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica InvernizziDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. SaccoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Nephrology DivisionBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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4
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Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121873. [PMID: 34944517 PMCID: PMC8699107 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is critical in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4/D4/E4 (LTB4/LD4/LTE4), derived from AA, are involved in the initiation of inflammation and regulation of immune response, hematopoiesis, and M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage facilitation. Paradoxically, PGE2 suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and triggers the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) from AA to initiate inflammation resolution process and augment regeneration of tissues. LXA4 suppresses PGE2 and LTs' synthesis and action and facilitates M2 macrophage generation to resolve inflammation. AA inactivates enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and other immunocytes release AA and other bioactive lipids to produce their anti-microbial actions. AA, PGE2, and LXA4 have cytoprotective actions, regulate nitric oxide generation, and are critical to maintain cell shape and control cell motility and phagocytosis, and inflammation, immunity, and anti-microbial actions. Hence, it is proposed that AA plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, COVID-19, and other critical illnesses, implying that its (AA) administration may be of significant benefit in the prevention and amelioration of these diseases.
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5
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Suga Y, Takahashi Y, Shimada T, Yamada S, Morishita E, Asakura H. Effect of NOS Inhibitors and Anticoagulants on Nitric Oxide Production in a Tissue-factor Induced Rat DIC Model. In Vivo 2021; 35:1999-2004. [PMID: 34182474 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We examined the mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) production in a tissue-factor (TF)-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) model in rats, using inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (L-NIL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-NAME), Factor Xa inhibitor (DX-9065a), and thrombin inhibitor argatroban. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental DIC was induced by sustained infusion of 3.75 U/kg TF for 4 h via the tail vein. We then investigated the effect of these four agents on TF-induced DIC. RESULTS Administration of L-NIL or L-NAME during induction of TF-induced DIC did not affect hemostatic markers, whereas elevated plasma levels of NO metabolites (NOX) were significantly suppressed by co-administration of L-NAME. A significant increase in eNOS-mRNA expression was observed in the TF-induced DIC model. Argatroban almost completely suppressed eNOS-mRNA expression. CONCLUSION eNOS plays an important role in the NO production in the TF-induced DIC, and thrombin is a key stimulant of eNOS-mRNA expression in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Suga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Morishita
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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Erichsen JM, Calva CB, Reagan LP, Fadel JR. Intranasal insulin and orexins to treat age-related cognitive decline. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113370. [PMID: 33621561 PMCID: PMC8053680 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (IN) administration of neuropeptides, such as insulin and orexins, has been suggested as a treatment strategy for age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Because dysfunctional neuropeptide signaling is an observed characteristic of ARCD, it has been suggested that IN delivery of insulin and/or orexins may restore endogenous peptide signaling and thereby preserve cognition. IN administration is particularly alluring as it is a relatively non-invasive method that directly targets peptides to the brain. Several laboratories have examined the behavioral effects of IN insulin in young, aged, and cognitively impaired rodents and humans. These studies demonstrated improved performance on various cognitive tasks following IN insulin administration. Fewer laboratories have assessed the effects of IN orexins; however, this peptide also holds promise as an effective treatment for ARCD through the activation of the cholinergic system and/or the reduction of neuroinflammation. Here, we provide a brief overview of the advantages of IN administration and the delivery pathway, then summarize the current literature on IN insulin and orexins. Additional preclinical studies will be useful to ultimately uncover the mechanisms underlying the pro-cognitive effects of IN insulin and orexins, whereas future clinical studies will aid in the determination of the most efficacious dose and dosing paradigm. Eventually, IN insulin and/or orexin administration may be a widely used treatment strategy in the clinic for ARCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Coleman B Calva
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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7
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Zhang X, Chen H, Lei Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Liu W, Fan Z, Ma Z, Yin Z, Li L, Zhu C, Ma B. Multifunctional agents based on benzoxazolone as promising therapeutic drugs for diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113269. [PMID: 33588177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is resulted from activations of polyol pathway and oxidative stress by abnormal metabolism of glucose, and no specific medication is available. We designed a novel class of benzoxazolone derivatives, and a number of individuals were found to have significant antioxidant activity and inhibition of aldose reductase of the key enzyme in the polyol pathway. The outstanding compound (E)-2-(7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-2-oxobenzo[d]oxazol-3(2H)-yl)acetic acid was identified to reduce urinary proteins in diabetic mice suggesting an alleviation in the diabetic nephropathy, and this was confirmed by kidney hematoxylin-eosin staining. Further investigations showed blood glucose normalization, declined in the polyol pathway and lipid peroxides, and raised glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. Thus, we suggest a therapeutic function of the compound for DN which could be attributed to the combination of hypoglycemic, aldose reductase inhibition and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanqi Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Long Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenya Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Zequn Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhechang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
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8
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Das UN. Essential fatty acids and their metabolites in the pathobiology of (coronavirus disease 2019) COVID-19. Nutrition 2021; 82:111052. [PMID: 33290970 PMCID: PMC7657034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, USA; BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India.
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9
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Lázár BA, Jancsó G, Sántha P. Modulation of Sensory Nerve Function by Insulin: Possible Relevance to Pain, Inflammation and Axon Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2507. [PMID: 32260335 PMCID: PMC7177741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin, besides its pivotal role in energy metabolism, may also modulate neuronal processes through acting on insulin receptors (InsRs) expressed by neurons of both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Recently, the distribution and functional significance of InsRs localized on a subset of multifunctional primary sensory neurons (PSNs) have been revealed. Systematic investigations into the cellular electrophysiology, neurochemistry and morphological traits of InsR-expressing PSNs indicated complex functional interactions among specific ion channels, proteins and neuropeptides localized in these neurons. Quantitative immunohistochemical studies have revealed disparate localization of the InsRs in somatic and visceral PSNs with a dominance of InsR-positive neurons innervating visceral organs. These findings suggested that visceral spinal PSNs involved in nociceptive and inflammatory processes are more prone to the modulatory effects of insulin than somatic PSNs. Co-localization of the InsR and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor with vasoactive neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P bears of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pathologies affecting visceral organs, such as the pancreas and the urinary bladder. Recent studies have also revealed significant novel aspects of the neurotrophic propensities of insulin with respect to axonal growth, development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.J.); (P.S.)
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.J.); (P.S.)
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10
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Zhao K, Zhang Y, Li J, Cui Q, Zhao R, Chen W, Liu J, Zhao B, Wan Y, Ma XL, Yu S, Yi D, Gao F. Modified Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Regimen Provides Cardioprotection With Improved Tissue Perfusion in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e012376. [PMID: 32151220 PMCID: PMC7335515 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Laboratory studies demonstrate glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) as a potent cardioprotective intervention, but clinical trials have yielded mixed results, likely because of varying formulas and timing of GIK treatment and different clinical settings. This study sought to evaluate the effects of modified GIK regimen given perioperatively with an insulin-glucose ratio of 1:3 in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Methods and Results In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial with 930 patients referred for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, GIK (200 g/L glucose, 66.7 U/L insulin, and 80 mmol/L KCl) or placebo treatment was administered intravenously at 1 mL/kg per hour 10 minutes before anesthesia and continuously for 12.5 hours. The primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events including all-cause death, low cardiac output syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia. GIK therapy reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiac events and enhanced cardiac function recovery without increasing perioperative blood glucose compared with the control group. Mechanistically, this treatment resulted in increased glucose uptake and less lactate excretion calculated by the differences between arterial and coronary sinus, and increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B in the hearts of GIK-treated patients. Systemic blood lactate was also reduced in GIK-treated patients during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Conclusions A modified GIK regimen administered perioperatively reduces the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. These benefits are likely a result of enhanced systemic tissue perfusion and improved myocardial metabolism via activation of insulin signaling by GIK. Clinical Trial Registration URL: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01516138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryProvincial Cancer Hospital of ShannxiXi'an,China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic DiagnosisXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Qin Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Bijun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Health Statistics andFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
- Department of Health ServicesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency MedicineThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Dinghua Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an,China
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11
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Modulation of GSK - 3β/β - catenin cascade by commensal bifidobateria plays an important role for the inhibition of metaflammation-related biomarkers in response to LPS or non-physiological concentrations of fructose: An in vitro study. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Yaribeygi H, Katsiki N, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effects of antidiabetic drugs on NLRP3 inflammasome activity, with a focus on diabetic kidneys. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:256-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. A review of the anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic agents providing protective effects against vascular complications in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8286-8294. [PMID: 30417367 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are growing rapidly. Although the role of hyperglycemia is well recognized in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, its exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this regard, accumulating evidence suggests that the role of inflammation appears pivotal, with studies showing that most diabetic complications are associated with an inflammatory response. Several classes of antidiabetic agents have been introduced for controlling glycemia, with evidence that these pharmacological agents may have modulatory effects on inflammation beyond their glucose-lowering activity. Here we review the latest evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects of commonly used antidiabetic medications and discuss the relevance of these effects on preventing diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Tang B, Ma J, Ha X, Zhang Y, Xing Y. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulated PHLPP1 through activating nuclear factor-kappa B during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Life Sci 2018; 207:355-363. [PMID: 29940243 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) specifically regulates phospho-Ser473 of protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) opposing cell survival during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Previous studies demonstrated PHLPP1 expression level was controlled by several mechanisms. However, the regulation mechanism of cardiac PHLPP1 expression following myocardial I/R remains unknown. MAIN METHODS The current study utilized the mouse model of myocardial I/R injury in vivo and the neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. Expression of PHLPP1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and pNF-κB were determined by western blot. The expression of PHLPP1 and translocation of NF-κB was assessed by immunofluorescence. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to detect the binding of NF-κB to the promoter region of phlpp1 gene. KEY FINDINGS Myocardial I/R had no effect on cardiac PHLPP1 expression following I/R (30 min/2 h) but decreased after 4 h reperfusion. In vitro, H/R (4 h/1 h) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-stimulation resulted in upregulation of PHLPP1 in NRVMs, which was blocked with etanercept. Yet, H2O2-induced oxidative stress had no obvious effect on PHLPP1 expression of NRVMs at early stage but N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment increased PHLPP1 levels after 4 h H2O2 stimulation. TNF-α and H/R led to both expression and transcriptional activity of NF-κB, accompany with higher expression of PHLPP1. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB inhibitor, prevented the response not only in TNF-α-treated cardiomyocytes but also in H/R-treated group. SIGNIFICANCE These results implicated that TNF-α involved in cardiac PHLPP1 upregulation during reoxygenation, which was mediated by NF-κB transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Department of International Medical, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Drug in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Drug in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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16
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Caldwell A, Morick JN, Jentsch AM, Wegner A, Pavlovic D, Al-Banna N, Lehmann C. Impact of insulin on the intestinal microcirculation in a model of sepsis-related hyperglycemia. Microvasc Res 2018; 119:117-128. [PMID: 29778648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis involves dysfunctional glucose metabolism. Among patients with sepsis, hyperglycemia is frequent and insulin administration has been evaluated for glycemic control to improve patient outcomes. Only few studies have examined the hyperglycemic microcirculation and the impact of insulin on the microvasculature in sepsis. OBJECTIVE To study the functional capillary density (FCD) and leukocyte activation within the intestinal microcirculation in endotoxin-induced experimental sepsis. METHODS In 50 male Lewis rats, endotoxemia was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg). Low dose (LD) glucose was administered to avoid insulin-induced hypoglycemia. High dose (HD) glucose was administered to model sepsis-related hyperglycemia. Animals in LD and HD glucose groups received an insulin bolus (1.4 IU/kg). Two hours after LPS administration, intravital microscopy (IVM) of the terminal ileum was performed, and FCD and leukocyte adherence were measured in a blinded fashion. Blood glucose levels were measured every 30 min following the onset of endotoxemia. Plasma samples were collected 3 h after the onset of endotoxemia to measure IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-4, GM-CSF and MCP-1 levels using multiplex bead immunoassay. RESULTS Endotoxemia significantly reduced FCD and increased leukocyte adherence within the intestinal microvasculature. LD and HD glucose administration combined with insulin improved the FCD and decreased the adherence of leukocytes in endotoxemic animals as did HD glucose administration alone. Consistent with these results, IL-4, IL-1α, GM-CSF and IFN-γ levels were decreased following combined HD glucose and insulin administration in endotoxemic animals. CONCLUSIONS Insulin administration, as well as an endogenous insulin response triggered by HD glucose administration, improved the FCD and decreased leukocyte activation in endotoxemic rats. The results of this study give insight into the immune and vaso-modulatory role of insulin administration during experimental endotoxemia, and may be extrapolated for clinical sepsis and other critical illnesses with marked microcirculatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jan Niklas Morick
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Jentsch
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Wegner
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dragan Pavlovic
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadia Al-Banna
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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17
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Xing Y, Sun W, Wang Y, Gao F, Ma H. Mutual inhibition of insulin signaling and PHLPP-1 determines cardioprotective efficiency of Akt in aged heart. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:873-88. [PMID: 27019292 PMCID: PMC4931841 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury through activating Akt. However, phosphatase PHLPP-1 (PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase-1) dephosphorylates and inactivates Akt. The balanced competitive interaction of insulin and PHLPP-1 has not been directly examined. In this study, we have identified the effect of mutual inhibition of insulin signaling and PHLPP-1 on the cardioprotective efficiency of Akt in aged heart. Young (3 mon) and aged (20 mon) Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to MI/R in vivo. The PHLPP-1 level was higher in aged vs. young hearts at base. But, insulin treatment failed to decrease PHLPP-1 level during reperfusion in the aged hearts. Consequently, the cardioprotection of insulin-induced Akt activation was impaired in aged hearts, resulting in more susceptible to MI/R injury. In cultured rat ventricular myocytes, PHLPP-1 knockdown significantly enhanced insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and reduced simulated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. Contrary, PHLPP-1 overexpression terminated Akt phosphorylation and deteriorated myocytes apoptosis. Using in vivo aged animal models, we confirmed that cardiac PHLPP-1 knockdown or enhanced insulin sensitivity by exercise training dramatically increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. Specifically, MI/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and infarct size were decreased and cardiac function was increased. More importantly, we found that insulin regulated the degradation of PHLPP-1 and insulin treatment could enhance the binding between PHLPP-1 and β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) to target for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Altogether, we have identified a new mechanism by which insulin suppresses PHLPP-1 to enhance Akt activation. But, aged heart possesses lower insulin effectiveness and fails to decrease PHLPP-1 during MI/R, which subsequently limited Akt activity and cardioprotection. PHLPP-1 could be a promising therapeutic interventional target for elderly ischemic heart disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xing
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wanqing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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18
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Intranasal insulin treatment alleviates methamphetamine induced anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Chen O, Cao Z, Li H, Ye Z, Zhang R, Zhang N, Huang J, Zhang T, Wang L, Han L, Liu W, Sun X. High-concentration hydrogen protects mouse heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of thePI3K/Akt1 pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14871. [PMID: 29093541 PMCID: PMC5665927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the role of Akt1 through the cardioprotection of high-concentration hydrogen (HCH). C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups: sham, I/R, I/R + HCH, I/R + HCH + LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), I/R + HCH + wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), I/R + LY294002, and I/R + wortmannin. After 45 min of ischemia, HCH (67% H2 and 33% O2) was administered to mice during a 90-min reperfusion. To investigate the role of Akt1 in the protective effects of HCH, mice were divided into the following groups: I/R + A-674563 (Akt1 selective inhibitor), I/R + HCH + A-674563, I/R + CCT128930 (Akt2 selective inhibitor), and I/R + HCH + CCT128930. After a 4-h reperfusion, serum biochemistry, histological, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the role of the PI3K-Akt1 pathway in the protection of HCH. In vitro, 75% hydrogen was administered to cardiomyocytes during 4 h of reoxygenation after 3-h hypoxia. Several analyses were performed to evaluate the role of the Akt1 in the protective effects of hydrogen. HCH resulted in the phosphorylation of Akt1 but not Akt2, and Akt1 inhibition markedly abolished HCH-induced cardioprotection. Our findings reveal that HCH may exert cardioprotective effects through a PI3K-Akt1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Chen
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, No.411 Hospital of PLA, Shanghai, 200081, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouheng Ye
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjia Zhang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Huang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Han
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Das UN. Is There a Role for Bioactive Lipids in the Pathobiology of Diabetes Mellitus? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:182. [PMID: 28824543 PMCID: PMC5539435 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, decreased levels of circulating endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), altered activity of hypothalamic neurotransmitters (including serotonin and vagal tone) and gut hormones, increased concentrations of free radicals, and imbalance in the levels of bioactive lipids and their pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites have been suggested to play a role in diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) is due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells because of enhanced production of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines released by immunocytes infiltrating the pancreas in response to unknown exogenous and endogenous toxin(s). On the other hand, type 2 DM is due to increased peripheral insulin resistance secondary to enhanced production of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to high-fat and/or calorie-rich diet (rich in saturated and trans fats). Type 2 DM is also associated with significant alterations in the production and action of hypothalamic neurotransmitters, eNO, BDNF, free radicals, gut hormones, and vagus nerve activity. Thus, type 1 DM is because of excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines close to β cells, whereas type 2 DM is due to excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the systemic circulation. Hence, methods designed to suppress excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines may form a new approach to prevent both type 1 and type 2 DM. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and similar surgeries ameliorate type 2 DM, partly by restoring to normal: gut hormones, hypothalamic neurotransmitters, eNO, vagal activity, gut microbiota, bioactive lipids, BDNF production in the gut and hypothalamus, concentrations of cytokines and free radicals that results in resetting glucose-stimulated insulin production by pancreatic β cells. Our recent studies suggested that bioactive lipids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaneoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (which are unsaturated fatty acids) and their anti-inflammatory metabolites: lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, may have antidiabetic actions. These bioactive lipids have anti-inflammatory actions, enhance eNO, BDNF production, restore hypothalamic dysfunction, enhance vagal tone, modulate production and action of ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin, and influence gut microbiota that may explain their antidiabetic action. These pieces of evidence suggest that methods designed to selectively deliver bioactive lipids to pancreatic β cells, gut, liver, and muscle may prevent type 1 and type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N. Das
- BioScience Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, United States
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21
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Scheer A, Knauer SK, Verhaegh R. Survivin expression pattern in the intestine of normoxic and ischemic rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28615071 PMCID: PMC5471735 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, regulates mitosis and chromosome segregation. The expression of survivin proceeds during embryonic development and in addition has already been demonstrated in cancer cells. However, there is also evidence of survivin expression in differentiated tissues, including the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats. A study with human colon specimens exhibited survivin in most basal crypt epithelial cells of normal mucosa. There is rather limited information on survivin expression in the small intestine. In order to paint a more detailed and thus complete picture of survivin expression patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, we used an immunohistochemical approach in normal adult rat small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue. Moreover, to get deeper insights in the regulation of survivin expression after tissue damage, we also studied its expression in mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in male Wistar rats (six animals/group) by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min and subsequent reperfusion for 120 min. Paraffin sections of untreated or ischemically treated tissue were assessed immunohistochemically by survivin and Ki-67 staining. Results Survivin could be detected in the small intestine and ascending colon of the normoxia group. It was expressed mainly in the epithelial cells of the crypts and only marginally in the villi. The individual small intestinal segments studied revealed comparable staining intensities. Likewise, expression of survivin was detected in the ischemically damaged small intestine and ascending colon. The expression pattern corresponded to the normoxic animals, as far as verifiable due to the existing tissue damage. Comparison of the expression pattern of Ki-67, a protein that acts as a cellular marker for proliferation, and survivin demonstrated a coincidental localization of the two proteins in the small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue. Conclusions Survivin was expressed strongly in epithelial cells of small intestinal as well as ascending colonic tissue. Its expression was located in cells with a high proliferation rate and regenerative capacity. This further supports the decisive role of survivin in cell division. Surprisingly, the ischemically damaged small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue showed a comparably high expression level. These results suggest that there is already a maximal survivin expression under normal conditions. However, the intestine is able to maintain the regenerative capacity even in spite of an ischemic injury. These findings reflect the important relevance of an intact intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Scheer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
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22
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Liraglutide attenuates partial warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:311-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Kim WY, Baek MS, Kim YS, Seo J, Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Hong SB. Glucose-insulin-potassium correlates with hemodynamic improvement in patients with septic myocardial dysfunction. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3648-3657. [PMID: 28149560 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) demonstrates a cardioprotective effect by providing metabolic support and anti-inflammatory action, and may be useful in septic myocardial depression. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between GIK and hemodynamic outcomes in septic shock patients with myocardial depression. METHODS Between October 2012 and March 2014, 45 patients in the intensive care unit who fulfilled the criteria for severe sepsis/septic shock and were treated with GIK were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to echocardiographic findings: hypodynamic (27%) and non-hypodynamic (36%). RESULTS Baseline vasopressor requirements did not differ between both groups. In 12 patients with hypodynamic septic shock with myocardial depression, mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased with the median [interquartile range (IQR)] area under the curve of 16 (8 to 29) mmHg, and the heart rate (HR) decreased with the median (IQR) area under the curve of -9 (-20 to 2)/min during the first 72 h. The total insulin dose correlated with improvement in MAP (r=0.61, P=0.061) and the cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r=-0.64, P=0.045) at 72 h, although this phenomenon was not observed in patients with non-hypodynamic septic shock. Serum glucose and potassium levels were within the target ranges in both groups during the 72-h study period. CONCLUSIONS Short-term improvement in hemodynamics correlated with GIK administration in septic shock patients with myocardial depression. The use of GIK was well tolerated in all patients. Further studies are required to demonstrate the role of GIK in septic myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Seong Baek
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Shin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jarim Seo
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Man Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hu J, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Lin J, Wang J, Yu W, Man W, Li C, Zhang R, Gao E, Wang H, Sun D. OSM mitigates post-infarction cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by up-regulating autophagy through Mst1 suppression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1951-1961. [PMID: 27825852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) in the world are rapidly rising possibly attributed to the worsened HF following myocardial infarction (MI) in recent years. Here we examined the effects of oncostatin M (OSM) on postinfarction cardiac remodeling and the underlying mechanisms involved. MI model was induced using left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. In addition, cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated MI. Our results revealed that OSM alleviated left ventricular remodeling, promoted cardiac function, restored mitochondrial cristae density and architecture disorders after 4weeks of MI. Enhanced autophagic flux was indicated in cardiomyocytes transduced with Ad-GFP -LC3 in the OSM treated group as compared with the MI group. OSM receptor Oβ knockout blocked the beneficial effects of OSM in postinfarction cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocytes autophagy. OSM pretreatment significantly alleviated left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in Mst1 transgenic mice, while it failed to reverse further the postinfarction left ventricular dilatation and cardiac function in the Mst1 knockout mice. Our data revealed that OSM alleviated postinfarction cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by enhancing cardiomyocyte autophagy. OSM holds promise as a therapeutic target in treating HF after MI through Oβ receptor by inhibiting Mst1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanrong Man
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Niu S, Bian Z, Tremblay A, Luo Y, Kidder K, Mansour A, Zen K, Liu Y. Broad Infiltration of Macrophages Leads to a Proinflammatory State in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3293-3301. [PMID: 27619992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are often associated with altered inflammatory response, leading to increased host vulnerability to new inflammatory challenges. Employing streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes as a model, we further investigate mechanisms leading to enhanced neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) responses under hyperglycemia and compare them with those under chronic colitis. We show that, different from colitis under which the PMN response is significantly potentiated, the existence of a proinflammatory state associated with broad increases in macrophages in various organs plays a dominant role in promoting the PMN inflammatory response in diabetic mice. Studies of PMN infiltration during zymosan-induced peritonitis reveal that hyperglycemia enhances PMN recruitment not through inducing a high level of IL-17, which is the case in colitis, but through increasing F4/80+ macrophages in the peritoneal cavity, resulting in elevations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CXCL1 production. Insulin reversal of hyperglycemia, but not the neutralization of IL-17, reduces peritoneal macrophage numbers and ameliorates PMN infiltration during peritonitis. Significantly increased macrophages are also observed in the liver, kidneys, and intestines under hyperglycemia, and they are attributable to exacerbated nephropathy and colitis when inflammatory conditions are induced by doxorubicin and dextran sulfate sodium, respectively. Furthermore, analyses of monocyte production and macrophage proliferation in tissues suggest that significant monocytosis of inflammatory F4/80+Gr-1+ monocytes from the spleen and macrophage proliferation in situ synergistically contribute to the increased macrophage population under hyperglycemia. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice develop a systemic proinflammatory state mediated by broad infiltration of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Niu
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Zhen Bian
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Alexandra Tremblay
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Youqun Luo
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Koby Kidder
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854; and
| | - Ahmed Mansour
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Ke Zen
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302;
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Direct Evidence that Myocardial Insulin Resistance following Myocardial Ischemia Contributes to Post-Ischemic Heart Failure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17927. [PMID: 26659007 PMCID: PMC4677294 DOI: 10.1038/srep17927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A close link between heart failure (HF) and systemic insulin resistance has been well documented, whereas myocardial insulin resistance and its association with HF are inadequately investigated. This study aims to determine the role of myocardial insulin resistance in ischemic HF and its underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) developed progressive left ventricular dilation with dysfunction and HF at 4 wk post-MI. Of note, myocardial insulin sensitivity was decreased as early as 1 wk after MI, which was accompanied by increased production of myocardial TNF-α. Overexpression of TNF-α in heart mimicked impaired insulin signaling and cardiac dysfunction leading to HF observed after MI. Treatment of rats with a specific TNF-α inhibitor improved myocardial insulin signaling post-MI. Insulin treatment given immediately following MI suppressed myocardial TNF-α production and improved cardiac insulin sensitivity and opposed cardiac dysfunction/remodeling. Moreover, tamoxifen-induced cardiomyocyte-specific insulin receptor knockout mice exhibited aggravated post-ischemic ventricular remodeling and dysfunction compared with controls. In conclusion, MI induces myocardial insulin resistance (without systemic insulin resistance) mediated partly by ischemia-induced myocardial TNF-α overproduction and promotes the development of HF. Our findings underscore the direct and essential role of myocardial insulin signaling in protection against post-ischemic HF.
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Liang X, Xing W, He J, Fu F, Zhang W, Su F, Liu F, Ji L, Gao F, Su H, Sun X, Zhang H. Magnolol administration in normotensive young spontaneously hypertensive rats postpones the development of hypertension: role of increased PPAR gamma, reduced TRB3 and resultant alleviative vascular insulin resistance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120366. [PMID: 25793876 PMCID: PMC4367990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with prehypertension are more likely to progress to manifest hypertension than those with optimal or normal blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying the development from prehypertension to hypertension still remain largely elusive and the drugs for antihypertensive treatment in prehypertension are absent. Here we determined the effects of magnolol (MAG) on blood pressure and aortic vasodilatation to insulin, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Four-week-old male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats were used. Our results shown that treatment of young SHRs with MAG (100 mg/kg/day, o.g.) for 3 weeks decreased blood pressure, improved insulin-induced aorta vasodilation, restored Akt and eNOS activation stimulated by insulin, and increased PPARγ and decreased TRB3 expressions. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), MAG incubation increased PPARγ, decreased TRB3 expressions, and restored insulin-induced phosphorylated Akt and eNOS levels and NO production, which was blocked by both PPARγ antagonist and siRNA targeting PPARγ. Improved insulin signaling in HUVECs by MAG was abolished by upregulating TRB3 expression. In conclusion, treatment of young SHRs with MAG beginning at the prehypertensive stage decreases blood pressure via improving vascular insulin resistance that is at least partly attributable to upregulated PPARγ, downregulated TRB3 and consequently increased Akt and eNOS activations in blood vessels in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Liang
- Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinxiao He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feifei Su
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fange Liu
- Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lele Ji
- Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Geratology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (XS); (HS)
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (XS); (HS)
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (XS); (HS)
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Chen K, Li G, Geng F, Zhang Z, Li J, Yang M, Dong L, Gao F. Berberine reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via activating AMPK and PI3K-Akt signaling in diabetic rats. Apoptosis 2014; 19:946-57. [PMID: 24664781 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid used in Chinese medicine, exerts anti-diabetic effect by lowering blood glucose and regulating lipid metabolism. It has been reported that BBR decreases mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of these beneficial effects are incompletely understood. In the present study, we sought to determine whether BBR exerts cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with low dose streptozotocin and fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were intragastrically administered with saline or BBR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d) starting from week 9 to 12. At the end of week 12, all rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. BBR significantly improved the recovery of cardiac systolic/diastolic function and reduced myocardial apoptosis in diabetic rats subjected to myocardial I/R. Furthermore, in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, BBR (50 μmol/L) reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial apoptosis, increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased caspase-3 expression, together with enhanced activation of PI3K-Akt and increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and eNOS phosphorylation. Pretreatment with either PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin or AMPK inhibitor Compound C blunted the anti-apoptotic effect of BBR. Our findings demonstrate that BBR exerts anti-apoptotic effect and improves cardiac functional recovery following myocardial I/R via activating AMPK and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chen
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Li J, Xie C, Zhuang J, Li H, Yao Y, Shao C, Wang H. Resveratrol attenuates inflammation in the rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion: Role of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1120-6. [PMID: 25405531 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF‑κB signaling mediates early inflammation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It has additionally been suggested that resveratrol produces cardioprotective and anti‑inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether resveratrol could modulate TLR4/NF‑κB signaling, reduce neutrophil accumulation and TNF‑α induction in an ischemia/reperfusion injured rat heart model. Rats were randomly exposed to a sham operation, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R), MI/R + resveratrol or MI/R + resveratrol + L‑NAME. The data showed that following MI/R, the expression of myocardial TLR4 and NF‑κB increased significantly in the area of induced ischemia. As compared with MI/R, resveratrol significantly attenuated the expression of TLR4 and NF‑κB and reduced the levels of myeloperoxidase, serum and myocardial TNF‑α production, myocardial infarct size and myocardial apoptosis induced by MI/R. All the effects of resveratrol were abolished upon application of L‑NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. These data provide evidence that resveratrol inhibits TLR4/NF‑κB signaling in the rat heart subjected to MI/R, and the anti‑inflammatory effect of resveratrol is associated with NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Xie
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhuang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hali Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Changgang Shao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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30
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Lv M, Liu K, Fu S, Li Z, Yu X. Pterostilbene attenuates the inflammatory reaction induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rat heart. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:724-8. [PMID: 25333895 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of pterostilbene (Pte) in inflammation induced by ischemia/reperfusion is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Pte modulates neutrophil accumulation and the induction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured rat heart model. Rats were randomly exposed to a sham operation, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) alone, MI/R+Pte, MI/R+Pte+L-NAME and MI/R+Pte+ (methylene blue) MB. The results demonstrated that compared with MI/R, Pte reduced the area of myocardial infarction, the levels of myocardial myeloperoxidase, serum creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and the production of serum and myocardial TNF-α. These Pte-induced effects were eliminated by the administration of L-NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, and MB, a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) inhibitor. In conclusion, Pte produces cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects may be associated with an increase in NO production, the inhibition of neutrophil accumulation, and induction of TNF-α and cGMP signaling pathways in myocardium subjected to MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shaopeng Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Zhang M, Niu X, Hu J, Yuan Y, Sun S, Wang J, Yu W, Wang C, Sun D, Wang H. Lin28a protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction under high glucose/high fat conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110580. [PMID: 25313561 PMCID: PMC4196990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Lin28a in protecting against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis under high glucose/high fat (HG/HF) conditions. Methods Primary cardiomyocytes which were isolated from neonatal mouse were randomized to be treated with lentivirus carrying Lin28a siRNA, Lin28acDNA 72 h before H/R (9 h/2 h). Cardiomyocytes biomarkers release (LDH and CK), cardiomyocytes apoptosis, mitochondria biogenesis and morphology, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ATP content and inflammatory cytokines levels after H/R injury in high glucose/high fat conditions were compared between groups. The target proteins of Lin28a were examined by western blot analysis. Results Our results revealed that Lin28a cDNA transfection (overexpression) significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptotic index, improved mitochondria biogenesis, increased ATP production and reduced ROS production as compared with the H/R group in HG/HF conditions. Lin28a siRNA transfection (knockdown) rendered the cardiomyocytes more susceptible to H/R injury as evidenced by increased apoptotic index, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased ATP production and increased ROS level. Interestingly, these effects of Lin28a were blocked by pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Lin28a overexpression increased, while Lin28a knockdown inhibited IGF1R, Nrf-1, Tfam, p-IRS-1, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p70s6k, p-AMPK expression levels after H/R injury in HG/HF conditions. Moreover, pretreatment with wortmannin abolished the effects of Lin28a on the expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70s6k, p-AMPK. Conclusions The present results suggest that Lin28a inhibits cardiomyocytes apoptosis by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function under high glucose/high fat conditions. The mechanism responsible for the effects of Lin28a is associated with the PI3K/Akt dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Corps Hospital, Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (DS); (HW)
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (DS); (HW)
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Acute Insulin Resistance Mediated by Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Severely Burned Rats. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e472-80. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yu Q, Zhou N, Nan Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Hao X, Xiong L, Lau WB, Ma XL, Wang H, Gao F. Effective glycaemic control critically determines insulin cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in anaesthetized dogs. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:238-47. [PMID: 24845581 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Experimental evidence has shown significant cardioprotective effects of insulin, whereas clinical trials produced mixed results without valid explanations. This study was designed to examine the effect of hyperglycaemia on insulin cardioprotective action in a preclinical large animal model of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R). METHODS AND RESULTS Anaesthetized dogs were subjected to MI/R (30 min/4 h) and randomized to normal plasma insulin/euglycaemia (NI/NG), normal-insulin/hyperglycaemia (NI/HG), high-insulin/euglycaemia (HI/NG), and high-insulin/hyperglycaemia (HI/HG) achieved by controlled glucose/insulin infusion. Endogenous insulin production was abolished by peripancreatic vessel ligation. Compared with the control animals (NI/NG), hyperglycaemia (NI/HG) significantly aggravated MI/R injury. Insulin elevation at clamped euglycaemia (HI/NG) protected against MI/R injury as evidenced by reduced infarct size, decreased necrosis and apoptosis, and alleviated inflammatory and oxidative stress (leucocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde levels). However, these cardioprotective effects of insulin were markedly blunted in hyperglycaemic animals (HI/HG). In vitro mechanistic study in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes revealed that insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt was significantly attenuated by high glucose, accompanied by markedly increased IRS-1 O-GlcNAc glycosylation following hypoxia/reoxygenation. Inhibition of hexosamine biosynthesis with 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine abrogated high glucose-induced O-GlcNAc modification and inactivation of IRS-1/Akt as well as cell injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results, derived from a canine model of MI/R, demonstrate that hyperglycaemia blunts insulin protection against MI/R injury via hyperglycaemia-induced glycosylation and subsequent inactivation of insulin-signalling proteins. Our findings suggest that prevention of hyperglycaemia is critical for achieving maximal insulin cardioprotection for the ischaemic/reperfused hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial Corps of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Nan
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoke Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin L Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Sun Q, Li J, Gao F. New insights into insulin: The anti-inflammatory effect and its clinical relevance. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:89-96. [PMID: 24765237 PMCID: PMC3992527 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a commonly exhibited metabolic disorder in critically ill patients, activates the body’s inflammatory defense mechanism, causing the waterfall release of numerous inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and eventually leads to organ damage. As the only glucose-lowering hormone in the body, insulin not only alleviates the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia through its metabolic regulation, but also directly modulates inflammatory mediators and acts upon immune cells to enhance immunocompetence. In this sense, hyperglycemia is pro-inflammatory whereas insulin is anti-inflammatory. Therefore, during the past 50 years, insulin has not only been used in the treatment of diabetes, but has also been put into practical use in dealing with cardiovascular diseases and critical illnesses. This review summarizes the recent advances regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin in both basic research and clinical trials, with the hope of aiding in the design of further experimental research and promoting effective insulin administration in clinical practice.
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CONG XIAOQIANG, LI YING, LU NA, DAI YAJIAN, ZHANG HUIJIE, ZHAO XIN, LIU YA. Resveratrol attenuates the inflammatory reaction induced by ischemia/reperfusion in the rat heart. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2528-32. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wei G, Guan Y, Yin Y, Duan J, Zhou D, Zhu Y, Quan W, Xi M, Wen A. Anti-inflammatory effect of protocatechuic aldehyde on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. Inflammation 2014; 36:592-602. [PMID: 23269534 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, in which inflammatory response plays a vital role, is frequently encountered in clinical practice. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and the possible mechanism of protocatechuic aldehyde (PAl) on MI/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. The rat model of MI/R injury was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, followed by 3-h reperfusion, and pretreatment with PAl could protect the heart from MI/R injury by reducing myocardial infarct size and the activities of creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) in serum. Also, PAl administration markedly reduced cellular injury induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced lactate dehydrogenase and cTn-I activities in the culture medium, and greatly decreased percentage of cell apoptosis. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, phosphorylated IκB-α, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were all evidently decreased by PAl both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these observations suggested that PAl could exert great protective effects against MI/R injury in rats and SI/R injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and the cardioprotective mechanism might be involved in the suppression of inflammatory response via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Huang K, Lu SJ, Zhong JH, Xiang Q, Wang L, Wu M. Comparative analysis of different cyclosporine A doses on protection after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:144-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Han JT, Zhang WF, Wang YC, Cai WX, Lv GF, Hu DH. Insulin protects against damage to pulmonary endothelial tight junctions after thermal injury: Relationship with zonula occludens-1, F-actin, and AKT activity. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:77-84. [PMID: 24393155 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wan-Fu Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yun-Chuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei-Xia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Gen-Fa Lv
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
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Milrinone-induced postconditioning reduces hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nitric oxide. J Surg Res 2014; 186:446-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Impaired cardiac SIRT1 activity by carbonyl stress contributes to aging-related ischemic intolerance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74050. [PMID: 24040162 PMCID: PMC3769351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes can initiate protein oxidative damage which may contribute to heart senescence. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is considered to be a potential interventional target for I/R injury management in the elderly. We hypothesized that aldehyde mediated carbonyl stress increases susceptibility of aged hearts to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms with a focus on SIRT1. Male C57BL/6 young (4-6 mo) and aged (22-24 mo) mice were subjected to myocardial I/R. Cardiac aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), SIRT1 activity and protein carbonyls were assessed. Our data revealed that aged heart exhibited increased endogenous aldehyde/carbonyl stress due to impaired ALDH2 activity concomitant with blunted SIRT1 activity (P<0.05). Exogenous toxic aldehydes (4-HNE) exposure in isolated cardiomyocyte verified that aldehyde-induced carbonyl modification on SIRT1 impaired SIRT1 activity leading to worse hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, which could all be rescued by Alda-1 (ALDH2 activator) (all P<0.05). However, SIRT1 inhibitor blocked the protective effect of Alda-1 on H/R cardiomyocyte. Interestingly, myocardial I/R leads to higher carbonylation but lower activity of SIRT1 in aged hearts than that seen in young hearts (P<0.05). The application of Alda-1 significantly reduced the carbonylation on SIRT1 and markedly improved the tolerance to in vivo I/R injury in aged hearts, but failed to protect Sirt1+/− knockout mice against myocardial I/R injury. This was verified by Alda-1 treatment improved postischemic contractile function recovery in ex vivo perfused aged but not in Sirt1+/− hearts. Thus, aldehyde/carbonyl stress is accelerated in aging heart. These results provide a new insight that impaired cardiac SIRT1 activity by carbonyl stress plays a critical role in the increased susceptibility of aged heart to I/R injury. ALDH2 activation can restore this aging-related myocardial ischemic intolerance.
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Das >UN. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids, and their clinical implications with specific reference to diabetes mellitus and other diseases: part II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Insulin alleviates posttrauma cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:e74-84. [PMID: 23528801 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318278b6e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical evidence indicates that intensive insulin treatment prevents the incidence of multiple organ failures in surgical operation and severe trauma, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that insulin may exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects and thus alleviate cardiac dysfunction after trauma. DESIGN Prospective, randomized experimental study. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sprague Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Anesthetized rats were subjected to 200 revolutions at a rate of 35 rpm in Noble-Collip drum to induce a nonlethal mechanical trauma and were randomized to receive vehicle, insulin, and insulin + wortmannin treatments. An in vitro study was performed on cultured cardiomyocytes subjected to sham-traumatic serum (SS), traumatic serum (TS), SS + tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, SS + H2O2, TS + neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody, or TS + tempol treatments. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Immediate cardiac dysfunction occurred 0.5 hr after trauma without significant cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis, while serum TNF-α and cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased. Importantly, incubation of cardiomyocytes with TS or SS + TNF-α significantly increased ROS generation together with dampened cardiomyocyte contractility and Ca transient, all of which were rescued by TNF-α antibody. Administration of insulin inhibited TNF-α and ROS overproduction and alleviated cardiac dysfunction 2 hours after trauma. Scavenging ROS with tempol also attenuated cardiac dysfunction after trauma, whereas insulin combined with tempol failed to further improve cardiac functional recovery compared with insulin treatment alone. Moreover, the aforementioned anti-TNF-α, antioxidative, and cardioprotective effects afforded by insulin were almost abolished by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time that mechanical trauma induces a significant increase in TNF-α and ROS production, resulting in immediate cardiac dysfunction. Early posttrauma insulin treatment alleviates cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting TNF-α-mediated ROS production via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism.
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Insulin. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:1594-5. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318280431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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NDRG2: a newly identified mediator of insulin cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:341. [PMID: 23463182 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cao Y, Tang J, Yang T, Ma H, Yi D, Gu C, Yu S. Cardioprotective effect of ghrelin in cardiopulmonary bypass involves a reduction in inflammatory response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55021. [PMID: 23359315 PMCID: PMC3554674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ghrelin has been reported to protect the cardiovascular system; however, the cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induced myocardial injury are unclear. In this study, the protective effect of ghrelin on CPB induced myocardial injury and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Methods and Results Adult male rats were subjected to CPB and randomly to receive vehicle (n = 8), ghrelin (n = 8), ghrelin plus [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a GHSR-1a inhibitor (n = 8), or ghrelin plus wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3′-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (n = 8). In vitro study was performed on cultured cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated cardiopulmonary bypass (SCPB). Ghrelin attenuated the inflammatory response, as evidenced by reduced induction of TNF-α, IL-6 and myocardial myeloperoxidase activity and concurrent reduction in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and levels of myocardial injury markers following CPB. Moreover, ghrelin significantly increased cardiac function after CPB. In cultured cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated CPB, ghrelin increased cell viability and decreased the percentage of apoptotic myocytes. Inhibition of ghrelin downstream signaling blocked the cardioprotective effects both in vivo and vitro. Conclusions Ghrelin could provide an effective approach to the attenuation of CPB induced myocardial injury. The cardioprotective effects elicited by ghrelin may contribute to the inhibition of inflammatory response through the Akt-activated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dinghua Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (DHY); (CHG); (SQY)
| | - Chunhu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (DHY); (CHG); (SQY)
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (DHY); (CHG); (SQY)
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Feng Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Cai X, Wang D, Wu K, Chen H, Li J, Lei W. Sustained oxidative stress causes late acute renal failure via duplex regulation on p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation in severely burned rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54593. [PMID: 23349934 PMCID: PMC3547934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence indicates that late acute renal failure (ARF) predicts high mortality in severely burned patients but the pathophysiology of late ARF remains undefined. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced late ARF in a severely burned rat model and to investigate the signaling mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were exposed to 100°C bath for 15 s to induce severe burn injury (40% of total body surface area). Renal function, ROS generation, tubular necrosis and apoptosis, and phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt were measured during 72 hours after burn. RESULTS Renal function as assessed by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen deteriorated significantly at 3 h after burn, alleviated at 6 h but worsened at 48 h and 72 h, indicating a late ARF was induced. Apoptotic cells and cleavage caspase-3 in the kidney went up slowly and turned into significant at 48 h and 72 h. Tubular cell ROS production shot up at 6 h and continuously rose during the 72-h experiment. Scavenging ROS with tempol markedly attenuated tubular apoptosis and renal dysfunction at 72 h after burn. Interestingly, renal p38 MAPK phosphorylation elevated in a time dependent manner whereas Akt phosphorylation increased during the first 24 h but decreased at 48 h after burn. The p38 MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 alleviated whereas Akt inhibitor exacerbated burn-induced tubular apoptosis and renal dysfunction. Furthermore, tempol treatment exerted a duplex regulation through inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation but further increasing Akt phosphorylation at 72 h postburn. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that sustained renal ROS overproduction induces continuous tubular cell apoptosis and thus a late ARF at 72 h after burn in severely burned rats, which may result from ROS-mediated activation of p38 MAPK but a late inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaimin Wu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Antacid co-encapsulated polyester nanoparticles for peroral delivery of insulin: Development, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and pharmacodynamics. Int J Pharm 2013; 440:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li J, Shi QX, Fan R, Zhang LJ, Zhang SM, Guo HT, Wang YM, Kaye AJ, Kaye AD, Bueno FR, Xu XZ, Yu SQ, Yi DH, Pei JM. Vasculoprotective effect of U50,488H in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia: role of Akt-stimulated NO production. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:238-44. [PMID: 23139366 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of pulmonary endothelium function in the pulmonary artery is a direct result of chronic hypoxia. This study is to investigate the vasculoprotective effects of U50,488H (a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist) and its underlying mechanism in hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery endothelial functional injury. Chronic hypoxia was simulated by exposing the rats to 10% oxygen for 2 wk. After hypoxia, right ventricular pressure (RVP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. The pulmonary vascular dysfunction, effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (l-NAME) on the relaxation of U50,488H, and level of nitric oxide (NO) were determined. In vitro, the signaling pathway involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of U50,488H was investigated. Cultured endothelial cells were subjected to simulated hypoxia, and cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining. U50,488H (1.25 mg/kg) significantly reduced RVP and RVHI in hypoxia. U50,488H markedly improved both pulmonary endothelial function (maximal vasorelaxation in response to ACh: 74.9 ± 1.8%, n = 6, P <0.01 vs. hypoxia for 2 wk group) and increased total NO production (1.65 fold). U50,488H relaxed the pulmonary artery rings of the hypoxic rats. This effect was partly abolished by l-NAME. In cells, U50,488H both increased NO production and reduced hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Moreover, pretreatment with nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI, a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist), PI3K inhibitor, Akt inhibitor or l-NAME almost abolished anti-apoptotic effect exerted by U50,488H. U50,488H resulted in increases in Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that pretreatment with U50,488H attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in an Akt-dependent and NO-mediated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhou MS, Schulman IH, Zeng Q. Link between the renin-angiotensin system and insulin resistance: implications for cardiovascular disease. Vasc Med 2012; 17:330-41. [PMID: 22814999 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x12450094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing in the United States and worldwide. The metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic and vascular disorder that is associated with inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the cardiovascular (CV) system and increased CV morbidity and mortality. Insulin activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway promotes nitric oxide (NO) production in the endothelium and glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues. Angiotensin (Ang) II inhibits insulin-mediated PI3K pathway activation, thereby impairing endothelial NO production and Glut-4 translocation in insulin-sensitive tissues, which results in vascular and systemic insulin resistance, respectively. On the other hand, Ang II enhances insulin-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which leads to vasoconstriction and pathologic vascular cellular growth. Therefore, the interaction of Ang II with insulin signaling is fully operative not only in insulin-sensitive tissues but also in CV tissues, thereby linking insulin resistance and CV disease. This notion is further supported by an increasing number of experimental and clinical studies indicating that pharmacological blockade of RAAS improves insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetes in high-risk patients with CV disease. This article reviews experimental and clinical data elucidating the physiological and pathophysiological role of the interaction between insulin and RAAS in the development of insulin resistance as well as CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Nephrology-Hypertension Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
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Han Y, Zhang W, Tang Y, Bai W, Yang F, Xie L, Li X, Zhou S, Pan S, Chen Q, Ferro A, Ji Y. l-Tetrahydropalmatine, an active component of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38627. [PMID: 22715398 PMCID: PMC3371051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is an active ingredients of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, which protects against acute global cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we show that l-THP is cardioprotective in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and examined the mechanism. Rats were treated with l-THP (0, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg b.w.) for 20 min before occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and subjected to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (30 min/6 h). Compared with vehicle-treated animals, the infarct area/risk area (IA/RA) of l-THP (20, 40 mg/kg b.w.) treated rats was reduced, whilst l-THP (10 mg/kg b.w.) had no significant effect. Cardiac function was improved in l-THP-treated rats whilst plasma creatine kinase activity declined. Following treatment with l-THP (20 mg/kg b.w.), subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85, serine473 phosphorylation of Akt and serine1177 phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) increased in myocardium, whilst expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) decreased. However, the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were increased in I30 minR6 h, but decreased to normal level in I30 minR24 h, while treatment with l-THP (20 mg/kg b.w.) enhanced the levels of these two genes in I30 minR24 h. Production of NO in myocardium and plasma, activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in plasma and the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in myocardium were decreased by l-THP. TUNEL assay revealed that l-THP (20 mg/kg b.w.) reduced apoptosis in myocardium. Thus, we show that l-THP activates the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway and increases expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, whilst depressing iNOS-derived NO production in myocardium. This effect may decrease the accumulation of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α and MPO, and lessen the extent of apoptosis, therefore contributing to the cardioprotective effects of l-THP in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suming Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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