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Aquilani R, Brugnatelli S, Maestri R, Iadarola P, Corallo S, Pagani A, Serra F, Bellini A, Buonocore D, Dossena M, Boschi F, Verri M. Chemotherapy-Induced Changes in Plasma Amino Acids and Lipid Oxidation of Resected Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Background for Future Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5300. [PMID: 38791339 PMCID: PMC11121634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that FOLFOX and XELOX therapies negatively impact the metabolism of skeletal muscle and extra-muscle districts. This pilot study tested whether three-month FOLFOX or XELOX therapy produced changes in plasma amino acid levels (PAAL) (an estimation of whole-body amino acid metabolism) and in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid hyper oxidation. Fourteen ambulatory, resected patients with colorectal cancer scheduled to receive FOLFOX (n = 9) or XELOX (n = 5) therapy, after overnight fasting, underwent peripheral venous blood sampling, to determine PAAL and MDA before, during, and at the end of three-month therapy. Fifteen healthy matched subjects (controls) only underwent measures of PAAL at baseline. The results showed changes in 87.5% of plasma essential amino acids (EAAs) and 38.4% of non-EAAs in patients treated with FOLFOX or XELOX. These changes in EAAs occurred in two opposite directions: EAAs decreased with FOLFOX and increased or did not decrease with XELOX (interactions: from p = 0.034 to p = 0.003). Baseline plasma MDA levels in both FOLFOX and XELOX patients were above the normal range of values, and increased, albeit not significantly, during therapy. In conclusion, three-month FOLFOX or XELOX therapy affected plasma EAAs differently but not the baseline MDA levels, which were already high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Silvia Brugnatelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27040 Montescano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Salvatore Corallo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Anna Pagani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Anna Bellini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Federica Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
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Fukushima N, Masuda T, Tsuboi K, Yuda M, Takahashi K, Yano F, Eto K. Prognostic significance of preoperative osteosarcopenia on patient' outcomes after emergency surgery for gastrointestinal perforation. Surg Today 2024:10.1007/s00595-024-02849-3. [PMID: 38683358 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-024-02849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcopenia is a prognostic predictor in emergency surgery. However, there are no reports on the relationship between osteopenia and in-hospital mortality. This study clarified the effect of preoperative osteosarcopenia on patients with gastrointestinal perforation after emergency surgery. METHODS We included 216 patients with gastrointestinal perforations who underwent emergency surgery between January 2013 and December 2022. Osteopenia was evaluated by measuring the pixel density in the mid-vertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Sarcopenia was evaluated by measuring the area of the psoas muscle at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Osteosarcopenia is defined as the combination of osteopenia and sarcopenia. RESULTS Osteosarcomas were identified in 42 patients. Among patients with osteosarcopenia, older and female patients and those with an American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status of ≥ 3 were significantly more common, and the body mass index, hemoglobin value, and albumin level were significantly lower in these patients than in patients without osteosarcopenia. Furthermore, the osteosarcopenia group presented with more postoperative complications than patients without osteosarcopenia (P < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, age ≥ 74 years old (P = 0.04) and osteosarcopenia (P = 0.04) were independent and significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Preoperative osteosarcopenia is a risk factor of in-hospital mortality in patients with gastrointestinal perforation after emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fukushima
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Fuji City General Hospital, 50, Takashimatyo, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka, 417-8567, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tsuboi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Fuji City General Hospital, 50, Takashimatyo, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka, 417-8567, Japan
| | - Masami Yuda
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yano
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ken Eto
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Tanaka GM, Neves LM, Gonçalves CM, Rasquinho GA, Reimberg T, Oliveira RD, Lima AFD, Gil S. Can Muscular Parameters Predict Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression? Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:181-188. [PMID: 38351574 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241232022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders are among the major public health issues. Therefore, identifying predictors of symptoms of depression and anxiety holds fundamental importance to avoid the aggravation of these conditions. Muscle strength and function (e.g., handgrip strength and timed-stands test) are widely recognized predictors of health outcomes; however, their association with symptoms of depression and anxiety is still not completely understood. This study investigated the associations between handgrip strength and timed-stands test scores with symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether individuals exhibiting greater strength levels demonstrate reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to those with lower levels of strength. This is a community-based, cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited through social media and underwent a semi-structured interview to record sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, use of tobacco and medication, and symptoms of anxiety (Beck's Anxiety Inventory [BAI]) and depression (Beck's Depressive Inventory [BDI]). Subsequently, anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and functionality (i.e., timed-stands test) were assessed. In all, 216 individuals were evaluated. The adjusted regression model showed an inverse association between handgrip strength and anxiety (β = -0.22; 95% CI [-0.38, -0.07]; R2 = 0.07, p = .005) and depression symptoms (β = -0.25; 95% CI [-0.42, -0.07]; R2 = 0.05, p = .006). Similarly, timed-stands test scores were associated with anxiety (β = -0.33; 95% CI [-0.54, -0.13]; R2 = 0.09, p = .002) and depression (β = -0.32; 95% CI [-0.56, -0.09]; R2 = 0.06, p = .008). Furthermore, the low-strength group showed higher values on the BAI (9.5 vs. 5.9 arbitrary units; p = .0008) and BDI than the high-strength group (10.8 vs. 7.9 arbitrary units; p = .0214). When individuals were stratified by the timed-stands test, the low timed-stands group demonstrated higher values on the BAI (9.9 vs. 5.5 arbitrary units; p = .0030) and BDI than the high timed-stands group (11.2 vs. 7.5 arbitrary units; p < .0001). The results highlight muscular parameters as significant predictors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Mayumi Tanaka
- Programa de Atividades Esportivas Extensivas à Comunidade, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Maria Gonçalves
- Programa de Atividades Esportivas Extensivas à Comunidade, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Reimberg
- Programa de Atividades Esportivas Extensivas à Comunidade, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire de Oliveira
- Programa de Atividades Esportivas Extensivas à Comunidade, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Gil
- Programa de Atividades Esportivas Extensivas à Comunidade, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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De Rosa S, Greco M, Rauseo M, Annetta MG. The Good, the Bad, and the Serum Creatinine: Exploring the Effect of Muscle Mass and Nutrition. Blood Purif 2023; 52:775-785. [PMID: 37742621 PMCID: PMC10623400 DOI: 10.1159/000533173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is one of the hallmarks of critical illness. Patients admitted to intensive care unit develop sarcopenia through increased protein catabolism, a decrease in protein syntheses, or both. Among the factors known to promote wasting are chronic inflammation and cytokine imbalance, insulin resistance, hypermetabolism, and malnutrition. Moreover, muscle wasting, known to develop in chronic kidney disease patients, is a harmful consequence of numerous complications associated with deteriorated renal function. Plenty of published data suggest that serum creatinine (SCr) reflects increased kidney damage and is also related to body weight. Based on the concept that urea and creatinine are nitrogenous end products of metabolism, the urea:creatinine ratio (UCR) could be applied but with limited clinical usability in case of kidney damage, hypovolemia, excessive, or protein intake, where UCR can be high and independent of catabolism. Recent data suggest that the sarcopenia index should be considered an alternative to serum creatinine. It is more reliable in estimating muscle mass than SCr. However, the optimal biomarker of catabolism is still an unresolved issue. The SCr is not a promising biomarker for renal function and muscle mass based on the influence of several factors. The present review highlights recent findings on the limits of SCr as a surrogate marker of renal function and the assessment modalities of nutritional status and muscle mass measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Greco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Rauseo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Annetta
- UOC Di Anestesia, Rianimazione, Terapia Intensiva e Tossicologia Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze dell’Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e Della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A, Rome, Italy
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Mendes S, Leal DV, Baker LA, Ferreira A, Smith AC, Viana JL. The Potential Modulatory Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Redox Status in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076017. [PMID: 37046990 PMCID: PMC10094245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health burden with high mortality and health costs. CKD patients exhibit lower cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, strongly associated with morbidity/mortality, which is exacerbated when they reach the need for renal replacement therapies (RRT). Muscle wasting in CKD has been associated with an inflammatory/oxidative status affecting the resident cells' microenvironment, decreasing repair capacity and leading to atrophy. Exercise may help counteracting such effects; however, the molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. Thus, trying to pinpoint and understand these mechanisms is of particular interest. This review will start with a general background about myogenesis, followed by an overview of the impact of redox imbalance as a mechanism of muscle wasting in CKD, with focus on the modulatory effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mendes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Diogo V Leal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Luke A Baker
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Aníbal Ferreira
- Nova Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- NephroCare Portugal SA, 1750-233 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alice C Smith
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - João L Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
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de Branco FMS, Rinaldi AEM, Pereira JL, Roschel H, Azeredo CM, de Oliveira EP. Plasma omega-3 fatty acids are positively associated with appendicular muscle mass index only in adults with low protein intake: Results from NHANES 2011-2012. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:76-82. [PMID: 36508774 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids may indirectly increase muscle protein synthesis making the muscle more sensitive to amino acids uptake; therefore, ω-3 could promote benefits on muscle mass mainly when protein intake is low. However, no study has evaluated the association between ω-3 fatty acids and muscle mass according to protein intake. AIM To evaluate the association between plasma ω-3 fatty acids and appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI) in adults according to the protein intake. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed evaluating 1037 individuals aged 20-59 years from a sub-sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to assess plasma ω-3 fatty acids. The lean mass was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and AMMI (kg/m2) was calculated by appendicular lean mass (kg) divided by height squared. The evaluation of protein intake was performed using two 24-h dietary recalls. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association of total plasma ω-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and EPA plus DHA with AMMI according to protein intake (<0.8; ≥0.8; ≥0.8 - <1.2; ≥1.2 - <1.6; and ≥1.6 g/kg/d). RESULTS Total plasma ω-3 (β = 0.0030; CI = 0.0013-0.0046; p = 0.002), ALA (β = 0.0063; CI = 0.0020-0.0107; p = 0.008), EPA (β = 0.0073; CI = 0.0005-0.0142, p = 0.037), DHA (β = 0.0057; CI = 0.0022-0.0093; p = 0.004) and EPA + DHA (β = 0.0040; CI = 0.0010-0.0071; p = 0.013) were positively associated with AMMI in individuals with low protein intake (<0.8 g/kg). However, no association was observed in individuals with protein intake higher than 0.8 g/kg. CONCLUSION Plasma ω-3 fatty acids were positively associated with AMMI only in individuals with low protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia M S de Branco
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa M Rinaldi
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline L Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina M Azeredo
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erick P de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Deng Y, Zhao L, Huang X, Zeng Y, Xiong Z, Zuo M. Contribution of skeletal muscle to cancer immunotherapy: A focus on muscle function, inflammation, and microbiota. Nutrition 2023; 105:111829. [PMID: 36265324 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by degenerative and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a multifactorial syndrome commonly observed in individuals with cancer. Additionally, it represents a poor nutritional status and indicates possible presence of cancer cachexia. Recently, with the extensive application of cancer immunotherapy, the effects of sarcopenia/cachexia on cancer immunotherapy, have gained attention. The aim of this review was to summarize the influence of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) on the response and immune-related adverse events to immunotherapy from the latest literature. It was revealed that low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) has detrimental effects on cancer immunotherapy in most cases, although there were results that were not consistent with this finding. This review also discussed potential causes of the paradox, such as different measure methods, research types, muscle indicators, time point, and cancer type. Mechanically, chronic inflammation, immune cells, and microbiota may be critically involved in regulating the efficacy of immunotherapy under the condition of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia). Thus, nutritional interventions will likely be promising ways for individuals with cancer to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in the future, for low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) is an important prognostic factor for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhujuan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
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Cachexia measured by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and risk of infection in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:391-397. [PMID: 36372851 PMCID: PMC9660131 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a higher frequency of infections than the healthy population. The reason has yet to be explained but involves several factors, of which body composition and rheumatoid cachexia are often overlooked. This study aimed to evaluate whether patients with cachexia, measured by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, are at an increased risk of developing infections compared with patients without cachexia. A secondary analysis of 186 women with RA enrolled in a randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02900898, September 14, 2016) was completed. Medical records and phone calls were used to record infectious events diagnosed and treated during follow-up. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, and a predictive model of infection was created. After 36 months of follow-up, 62 patients (26.7% non-cachectic and 44.3% cachectic, p < 0.01) developed at least one infectious event. The most common site of was the urinary tract, followed by the lungs and respiratory tract. The presence of cachexia (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.15-3.13) and the use of glucocorticoids (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.01-3.09) were associated with infection in univariate and multivariate models. Body mass index (BMI), smoking, and methotrexate use were not associated with a higher frequency of infections. The presence of cachexia and the use of glucocorticoids were identified as predictors of infections in a cohort of female RA patients. More extensive measurements of body composition should be performed beyond BMI in RA patients to better understand its impact and to prevent additional comorbidities and complications. Key Points • The presence of cachexia measured by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis was associated with infectious events in women with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas body mass index did not show an association. • Glucocorticoids were the only drug associated with a higher frequency of infection. None of the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including methotrexate, showed an association.
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Moisey LL, Merriweather JL, Drover JW. The role of nutrition rehabilitation in the recovery of survivors of critical illness: underrecognized and underappreciated. Crit Care 2022; 26:270. [PMID: 36076215 PMCID: PMC9461151 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMany survivors of critical illness face significant physical and psychological disability following discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). They are often malnourished, a condition associated with poor outcomes, and nutrition remains problematic particularly in the early phases of ICU recovery. Yet nutrition rehabilitation, the process of restoring or optimizing nutritional status following illness, is seldom prioritized, possibly because it is an underrecognized and underappreciated area in critical care rehabilitation and research. To date, 16 original studies have been published where one of the objectives includes measurement of indices relating to nutritional status (e.g., nutrition intake or factors impacting nutrition intake) in ICU survivors. The primary aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive summary of key themes arising from these studies which form the basis of our current understanding of nutritional recovery and rehabilitation in ICU survivors. ICU survivors face a multitude of barriers in achieving optimal nutrition that are of physiological (e.g., poor appetite and early satiety), functional (e.g., dysphagia, reduced ability to feed independently), and psychological (e.g., low mood, body dysmorphia) origins. Organizational-related barriers such as inappropriate feeding times and meal interruptions frequently impact an ICU survivor’s ability to eat. Healthcare providers working on wards frequently lack knowledge of the specific needs of recovering critically ill patients which can negatively impact post-ICU nutrition care. Unsurprisingly, nutrition intake is largely inadequate following ICU discharge, with the largest deficits occurring in those who have had enteral nutrition prematurely discontinued and rely on an oral diet as their only source of nutrition. With consideration to themes arising from this review, pragmatic strategies to improve nutrition rehabilitation are explored and directions for future research in the field of post-ICU nutrition recovery and rehabilitation are discussed. Given the interplay between nutrition and physical and psychological health, it is imperative that enhancing the nutritional status of an ICU survivor is considered when developing multidisciplinary rehabilitation strategies. It must also be recognized that dietitians are experts in the field of nutrition and should be included in stakeholder meetings that aim to enhance ICU rehabilitation strategies and improve outcomes for survivors of critical illness.
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Won SH, Hiratsuka Y, Suh SY, Bae H, Choi SE, Kim YJ, Kang B, Lee SW, Suh KJ, Kim JW, Kim SH, Kim JW, Lee KW. Mid-upper Arm Circumference as an Indicator of Quality of Life of Patients with Advanced Cancer. J Palliat Care 2022; 38:24-29. [PMID: 36065585 DOI: 10.1177/08258597221121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) has been used to assess malnutrition and health status across various disease groups. However, it is unclear whether MUAC is associated with quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced cancer. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between MUAC and QOL in ambulatory out-patients with advanced cancer. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary cancer center in South Korea. A total of 200 patients with advanced cancer at oncology clinics of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from March 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled. Out-patients with advanced cancer whose survival was expected to be less than one year by their oncologists were enrolled. QOL of patients was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Associations of QOL with MUAC and nutritional parameters were examined with generalized linear models. RESULTS The most common cancer sites were the lung, colon or rectum, and genitourinary tract. In univariate analyses, significant factors associated with higher summary score of EORTC QLQ-C30 were higher MUAC (≥ 26.5 cm, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (≥ 22 kg/m2, p < 0.001), higher serum albumin (≥ 3.7 g/dL, p < 0.01), higher creatinine (≥ 0.8 mg/dL, p = 0.023), and higher uric acid (≥ 5 mg/dL, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, higher serum albumin (≥ 3.7 g/dL, p < 0.01) and higher MUAC (≥ 26.5 cm, p = 0.03) were independently associated with better summary score of EORTC QLQ-C-30. CONCLUSION MUAC was highly associated with QOL in terms of summary score and overall health status. Thus, MUAC, with its simplicity, can be a useful tool to reflect QOL in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hye Won
- Department of Family Medicine, 373765Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Yusuke Hiratsuka
- Department of Palliative Medicine, 38047Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Takeda General Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Sang-Yeon Suh
- Department of Family Medicine, 373765Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, Dongguk University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, 373765Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Statistics, 34942Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, 299466Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Si Won Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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11
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Liu Z, Diao Y, Li X. Body mass index and serum markers associated with progression-free survival in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:824. [PMID: 35902908 PMCID: PMC9336031 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ICIs have remarkably affected the treatment strategies for numerous malignancies, including lung cancer. However, only a fraction of patients experience durable responses to ICIs; thus, there is an urgent need to identify the parameters related to ICI therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated nutritional status surrogates and several serum markers to estimate the efficacy of ICIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 66 patients with stage III/IV lung cancer who received ICIs were retrospectively analyzed. Features of patients' clinical pathology, including age, sex, histology, line of treatment, BMI, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and serum inflammatory markers such as LMR and PLR, were examined. Progression-free survival was the primary endpoint. Relationships among categorical variables were assessed by the chi-squared test. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log-rank test. Cox multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the association between each variable and the survival time of patients. RESULTS The patients with BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m2), serum ALB≥37 (g/dL), serum creatinine ≥61.8 (μmol/L), LMR ≥ 2.12 had a significantly prolonged PFS in comparison with BMI<25 (kg/m2), ALB<37 (g/dL), creatinine<61.8 (μmol/L), LMR<2.12 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected between patients with PLR < 135 and PLR ≥ 135 (p = 0.612). Multivariate analysis revealed that ALB≥37 (g/dL) and creatinine ≥ 61.8 (μmol/L) were associated with prolonged PFS, while statistical significance was not achieved in the BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that high BMI is related to longer PFS in lung cancer patients treated with ICIs, which may be correlated with high levels of serum albumin and creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Diao
- Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
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12
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Acute post-traumatic muscle atrophy on CT scan predicts prolonged mechanical ventilation and a worse outcome in severe trauma patients. Injury 2022; 53:2501-2510. [PMID: 35613963 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of present study was to assess the association between acute post-traumatic atrophy (APTMA) determined on psoas computed tomography [CT] scan and the duration of mechanical ventilation and outcomes in severe trauma patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of severe trauma patients (Injury Severity Score [ISS], >15) hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 7 days between January 2010 and December 2015 was performed. The psoas muscle index (PMI) was measured on admission and at delayed CT scan. ΔPMI was calculated as the percentage PMI loss between these two scans. Three groups were defined and compared a posteriori using the quartiles of the ΔPMI values: low (lower quartile), moderate, and severe (higher quartile) APTMA groups. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict the duration of mechanical ventilation, of catecholamines, length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and hospital, and complications were assessed. RESULTS A total of 114 trauma patients were included (median age, 40 years; [IQR, 25-54 years]; ISS, 33 [IQR, 25-41]). Based on the ΔPMI determination, 29 patients were allocated in the low APTMA group (range ∆PMI, 0%-6%), 56 in the moderate APTMA group (range ∆PMI, 6%-18%), and 29 in the APTMA group (range ∆PMI, ≥19%). Severity of APTMA was significantly associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation and catecholamines, ICU and hospital LOS (P<0.001). Delayed pneumonia (P=0.006) and other delayed infections (P=0.014), as well as thromboembolic events (P=0.04) were statistically associated with the severity of APTMA, whereas mortality did not differ between the three groups (P=0.20). Using linear regression analysis, each ∆PMI increase of 1% was significantly associated with 0.90 supplementary days of mechanical ventilation (P<0.001), 0.29 supplementary days of catecholamines (P<0.001) and 0.82 supplementary days of hospitalization (P<0.001). All these statistical associations were confirmed in multivariate analysis (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Acute muscle atrophy diagnosed on CT scan by psoas area measurement (ΔPMI) was strongly associated with poor outcomes in severe trauma patients.
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13
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Sato R, Oikawa M, Kakita T, Okada T, Abe T, Yazawa T, Tsuchiya H, Akazawa N, Yoshimachi S, Okano H, Ito K, Tsuchiya T. Impact of Sarcopenia on Postoperative Complications in Obstructive Colorectal Cancer Patients Who Received Stenting as a Bridge to Curative Surgery. J Anus Rectum Colon 2022; 6:40-51. [PMID: 35128136 PMCID: PMC8801243 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2021-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Understanding the relationship between sarcopenia and malignancy is increasingly important since they inevitably affect the aging population. We investigated the clinical significance of sarcopenia in nonmetastatic obstructive colorectal cancer (OCRC) patients who were inserted self-expandable metallic stent and underwent curative surgery. Methods: Plain cross-sectional CT images obtained before stenting were retrospectively analyzed in 92 patients. Muscle volume loss (myopenia) and decreased muscle quality (myosteatosis) were evaluated as skeletal muscle index (SMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), respectively. Results: This study included 54 men and 38 women, with a median age of 70.5 years. The median interval between SEMS placement and the surgery was 17 days (range, 5-47). There were 35 postoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 15.5 days (range, 8-77). Twenty-eight patients (41.3%) were classified as SMI-low, and 31 (34.1%) patients were classified as IMAC-high. In multivariate analysis, IMAC-high [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.22-26.5, P = 0.001] and right-sided tumor (HR = 5.79, 95% CI 1.36-24.7, P = 0.018) were independent predictors of postoperative complications. IMAC-high (HR = 23.2, 95% CI 4.11-131, P < 0.001) and elevated modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) (HR = 5.85, 95% CI 1.22-28.1, P = 0.027) were independent predictors of infectious complications. Relapse-free survival and overall survival were not significantly different regardless of the SMI or IMAC status. Conclusions: IMAC was associated with postoperative complications and infectious complications. Myosteatosis might be a stronger predictor of postoperative complications than myopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaya Oikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaho Okada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Abe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shingo Yoshimachi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Okano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center Sendai Open Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Gil S, Kirwan JP, Murai IH, Dantas WS, Merege-Filho CAA, Ghosh S, Shinjo SK, Pereira RMR, Teodoro WR, Felau SM, Benatti FB, de Sá-Pinto AL, Lima F, de Cleva R, Santo MA, Gualano B, Roschel H. A randomized clinical trial on the effects of exercise on muscle remodelling following bariatric surgery. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1440-1455. [PMID: 34666419 PMCID: PMC8718087 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy and strength loss are common adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery. This randomized, controlled trial investigated the effects of exercise training on bariatric surgery-induced loss of muscle mass and function. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the intervention on molecular and histological mediators of muscle remodelling. METHODS Eighty women with obesity were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 40, age = 42 ± 8 years) or RYGB plus exercise training group (RYGB + ET: n = 40, age = 38 ± 7 years). Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) and 9 months (POST9) after surgery. The 6 month, three-times-a-week, exercise intervention (resistance plus aerobic exercise) was initiated 3 months post-surgery (for RYGB + ET). A healthy, lean, age-matched control group was recruited to provide reference values for selected variables. RESULTS Surgery resulted in a similar (P = 0.66) reduction in lower-limb muscle strength in RYGB and RYGB+ET (-26% vs. -31%), which was rescued to baseline values in RYGB + ET (P = 0.21 vs. baseline) but not in RYGB (P < 0.01 vs. baseline). Patients in RYGB+ET had greater absolute (214 vs. 120 kg, P < 0.01) and relative (2.4 vs. 1.4 kg/body mass, P < 0.01) muscle strength compared with RYGB alone at POST9. Exercise resulted in better performance in timed-up-and-go (6.3 vs. 7.1 s, P = 0.05) and timed-stand-test (18 vs. 14 repetitions, P < 0.01) compared with RYGB. Fat-free mass was lower (POST9-PRE) after RYBG than RYGB + ET (total: -7.9 vs. -4.9 kg, P < 0.01; lower-limb: -3.8 vs. -2.7 kg, P = 0.02). Surgery reduced Types I (~ - 21%; P = 0.99 between-group comparison) and II fibre cross-sectional areas (~ - 27%; P = 0.88 between-group comparison), which were rescued to baseline values in RYGB+ET (P > 0.05 vs. baseline) but not RYGB (P > 0.01 vs. baseline). RYGB + ET showed greater Type I (5187 vs. 3898 μm2 , P < 0.01) and Type II (5165 vs. 3565 μm2 , P < 0.01) fCSA than RYGB at POST9. RYGB + ET also resulted in increased capillarization (P < 0.01) and satellite cell content (P < 0.01) than RYGB at POST9. Gene-set normalized enrichment scores for the muscle transcriptome revealed that the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway was suppressed in RYGB + ET at POST9 vs. PRE (NES: -1.7; P < 0.01), but not in RYGB. Atrogin-1 gene expression was lower in RYGB + ET vs. RYGB at POST9 (0.18 vs. 0.71-fold change, P < 0.01). From both genotypic and phenotypic perspectives, the muscle of exercised patients resembled that of healthy lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence-from gene to function-that strongly supports the incorporation of exercise into the recovery algorithm for bariatric patients so as to counteract the post-surgical loss of muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Igor H Murai
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Carlos Alberto Abujabra Merege-Filho
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa M R Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy R Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheylla M Felau
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Benatti
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L de Sá-Pinto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lima
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Cleva
- Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division Department of Digestive Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Santo
- Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division Department of Digestive Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Gil S, Jacob Filho W, Shinjo SK, Ferriolli E, Busse AL, Avelino-Silva TJ, Longobardi I, de Oliveira Júnior GN, Swinton P, Gualano B, Roschel H. Muscle strength and muscle mass as predictors of hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1871-1878. [PMID: 34523262 PMCID: PMC8661522 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strength and muscle mass are predictors of relevant clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, but in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, it remains to be determined. In this prospective observational study, we investigated whether muscle strength or muscle mass are predictive of hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS We evaluated prospectively 196 patients at hospital admission for muscle mass and strength. Ten patients did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization and were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS The sample comprised patients of both sexes (50% male) with a mean age (SD) of 59 (±15) years, body mass index of 29.5 (±6.9) kg/m2 . The prevalence of current smoking patients was 24.7%, and more prevalent coexisting conditions were hypertension (67.7%), obesity (40.9%), and type 2 diabetes (36.0%). Mean (SD) LOS was 8.6 days (7.7); 17.0% of the patients required intensive care; 3.8% used invasive mechanical ventilation; and 6.6% died during the hospitalization period. The crude hazard ratio (HR) for LOS was greatest for handgrip strength comparing the strongest versus other patients (1.47 [95% CI: 1.07-2.03; P = 0.019]). Evidence of an association between increased handgrip strength and shorter hospital stay was also identified when handgrip strength was standardized according to the sex-specific mean and standard deviation (1.23 [95% CI: 1.06-1.43; P = 0.007]). Mean LOS was shorter for the strongest patients (7.5 ± 6.1 days) versus others (9.2 ± 8.4 days). Evidence of associations were also present for vastus lateralis cross-sectional area. The crude HR identified shorter hospital stay for patients with greater sex-specific standardized values (1.20 [95% CI: 1.03-1.39; P = 0.016]). Evidence was also obtained associating longer hospital stays for patients with the lowest values for vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (0.63 [95% CI: 0.46-0.88; P = 0.006). Mean LOS for the patients with the lowest muscle cross-sectional area was longer (10.8 ± 8.8 days) versus others (7.7 ± 7.2 days). The magnitude of associations for handgrip strength and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area remained consistent and statistically significant after adjusting for other covariates. CONCLUSIONS Muscle strength and mass assessed upon hospital admission are predictors of LOS in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, which stresses the value of muscle health in prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob Filho
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leopold Busse
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Junqueira Avelino-Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Longobardi
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gersiel Nascimento de Oliveira Júnior
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Han P, Yu H, Zhang Y, Xie F, Shao B, Liu X, Yuan B, Liu Z, Liu X, Guo Q. Preoperative Short Physical Performance Battery as a predictor of prolonged hospitalization after coronary artery bypass grafting in older patients. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211044043. [PMID: 34528470 PMCID: PMC8451264 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211044043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and its three components for identifying the requirement for a prolonged hospitalization for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in older patients. Methods This prospective, observational study included 425 older patients who consecutively underwent selective CABG surgery. All patients were assessed for the SPPB. We analysed the association of the postoperative length of hospital stay with the SPPB and three components. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the validity of the SPPB for predicting older patients with a prolonged hospitalization (>8 days). Results The SPPB and its three individual components were independent risk factors for a prolonged postoperative length of hospital stay. Only the SPPB summary score and the 4-m gait speed components showed good discriminative capabilities. An SPPB score cut-off of 9.5 provided the best accuracy for identifying a prolonged hospitalization. A poor physical performance (SPPB <10 score) was related to an increased risk of adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events within 6 months after discharge. Conclusions This study provides evidence for clinical utility of the SPPB score for identifying older patients undergoing CABG who are at risk of prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fandi Xie
- Shanghai Jiangwan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Shao
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangjing Liu
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
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17
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Wang TH, Wu CP, Wang LY. Impact of peripheral muscle strength on prognosis after extubation and functional outcomes in critically ill patients: a feasibility study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16082. [PMID: 34373543 PMCID: PMC8352971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of peripheral muscle strength on prognosis after extubation and subsequent functional outcomes is not evident. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether peripheral muscle strength can be used as a predictor for patients' prognoses after extubation, and (2) whether the peripheral muscle strength before extubation is correlated with patients' subsequent ambulation ability and in-hospital mortality. This study was a prospective observational cohort study. A hand-held dynamometer was used for evaluated the muscle strength of the biceps and quadriceps right before extubation. Besides, after the patients had been transferred from the ICU to the general ward, a 2-minute walk test was performed. A total of 52 patients were enrolled in this study, and the rate of extubation failure was 15%. The muscle strength of the quadriceps was significantly correlated with the prognosis after extubation, 48% of the patients were able to ambulate after being transferred to the general ward. The overall mortality rate was 11%, and there was a significant correlation between the biceps muscle strength and in-hospital mortality. Peripheral muscle strength may serve as an important predictor of a patients' prognoses after extubation. Poor peripheral muscle strength is indicative of not only a higher risk of re-intubation but also higher in-hospital mortality and poorer functional outcomes.Trial registration: ISRCTN16370134. Registered 30 May 2019, prospectively registered. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16370134 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Wang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pyng Wu
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Yang MC, Wang YC, Chen IS, Huang WC. Thickness of rectus abdominis measured by ultrasound in critically ill patients after abdominal surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 38:684-691. [PMID: 33399371 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of patients at high risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation is important in critical care. Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and function, has been reported to be associated with extended mechanical ventilation and prolonged ICU stay. Although ultrasound is noninvasive and widely used in critical care, there is no standard method of using it to assess sarcopenia. OBJECTIVES The study aims to investigate the relationship between outcomes of critically ill patients and the ratio of BMI to the thickness of rectus abdominis measured by a standardised ultrasound examination. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Surgical ICU of a tertiary referral hospital, from October 2017 to June 2018. The thickness of rectus abdominis (RA) was measured while performing extended focused assessment sonography for trauma. BMI was divided by the thickness of rectus abdominis over the upper abdomen to derive the BMI-RA thickness ratio. PATIENTS Sixteen male and 11 female patients admitted to ICU after major abdominal surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes were durations of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay. The disease severity, serum albumin level and BMI-RA thickness ratio were also analysed. RESULTS Ultrasound measurement was easy to perform without adverse effects. The BMI-RA thickness ratio was significantly higher in nonsurvivors and was associated with ICU stay, hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the BMI-RA thickness ratio was a predictor of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION The BMI-RA thickness ratio is related to the outcomes of patients transferred to ICU after major abdominal surgery. Measuring the thickness of rectus abdominis by ultrasound is well tolerated and easy to perform in surgical ICU. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Yang
- From the Division of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital (M-CY), Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (I-SC), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (Y-CW, W-CH), School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University (M-CY, W-CH) and Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W-CH)
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19
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Whyte MB, Vas PRJ, Umpleby AM. Could Exogenous Insulin Ameliorate the Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by Glucocorticoids and COVID-19? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:649405. [PMID: 34220705 PMCID: PMC8249851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.649405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that high-dose dexamethasone improves survival in those requiring critical care due to COVID-19 will mean much greater usage of glucocorticoids in the subsequent waves of coronavirus infection. Furthermore, the consistent finding of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 in individuals with obesity, hypertension and diabetes has focussed attention on the metabolic dysfunction that may arise with critical illness. The SARS coronavirus itself may promote relative insulin deficiency, ketogenesis and hyperglycaemia in susceptible individuals. In conjunction with prolonged critical care, these components will promote a catabolic state. Insulin infusion is the mainstay of therapy for treatment of hyperglycaemia in acute illness but what is the effect of insulin on the admixture of glucocorticoids and COVID-19? This article reviews the evidence for the effect of insulin on clinical outcomes and intermediary metabolism in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brunel Whyte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne M. Umpleby
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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20
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Kemp PR, Paul R, Hinken AC, Neil D, Russell A, Griffiths MJ. Metabolic profiling shows pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to muscle loss in a model of ICU-acquired weakness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1321-1335. [PMID: 32677363 PMCID: PMC7567140 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery can lead to significant muscle loss, which increases recovery time and associates with increased mortality. Muscle loss is not uniform, with some patients losing significant muscle mass and others losing relatively little, and is likely to be accompanied by marked changes in circulating metabolites and proteins. Determining these changes may help understand the variability and identify novel therapeutic approaches or markers of muscle wasting. METHODS To determine the association between muscle loss and circulating metabolites, we studied 20 male patients (median age, 70.5, interquartile range, 62.5-75) undergoing aortic surgery. Muscle mass was determined before and 7 days after surgery and blood samples were taken before surgery, and 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. The circulating metabolome and proteome were determined using commercial services (Metabolon and SomaLogic). RESULTS Ten patients lost more than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris (RFCSA ) and were defined as wasting. Metabolomic analysis showed that 557 circulating metabolites were altered following surgery (q < 0.05) in the whole cohort and 104 differed between wasting and non-wasting patients (q < 0.05). Weighted genome co-expression network analysis, identified clusters of metabolites, both before and after surgery, that associated with muscle mass and function (r = -0.72, p = 6 × 10-4 with RFCSA on Day 0, P = 3 × 10-4 with RFCSA on Day 7 and r = -0.73, P = 5 × 10-4 with hand-grip strength on Day 7). These clusters were mainly composed of acyl carnitines and dicarboxylates indicating that pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to muscle loss following surgery. Surgery elevated cortisol to the same extent in wasting and non-wasting patients, but the cortisol:cortisone ratio was higher in the wasting patients (Day 3 P = 0.043 and Day 7 P = 0.016). Wasting patients also showed a greater increase in circulating nucleotides 3 days after surgery. Comparison of the metabolome with inflammatory markers identified by SOMAscan® showed that pre-surgical mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) (r = 0.79, P = 2 × 10-4 ) and that GDF-15, interleukin (IL)-8), C-C motif chemokine 23 (CCL-23), and IL-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL-15RA) contributed to metabolic changes in response to surgery. CONCLUSIONS We show that pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced cortisol inactivation contribute to muscle loss following surgery. The data also implicate GDF-15 and IL-15RA in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Kemp
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard Paul
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.,Department of Intensive Care, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aaron C Hinken
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - David Neil
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Alan Russell
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Griffiths
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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21
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Yılmaz Çankaya B, Karaman A, Albez FS, Polat G, Alper F, Akgün M. The association of silicosis severity with pectoralis major muscle and subcutaneous fat volumes and the pulmonary artery/aorta ratio evaluated by CT. Diagn Interv Radiol 2020; 27:37-41. [PMID: 32209510 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2020.19534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Silicosis is an incurable occupational disease that sometimes rapidly progresses with fatal outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between disease severity and the change in the pectoralis major muscle volume (PMV), subcutaneous fat volume (SFV), and the pulmonary artery/aorta (P/Ao) ratio in patients with silicosis using computed tomography (CT). METHODS The study included 41 male silicosis patients and 41 control group subjects with available chest CT images. Using dedicated software, we measured PMV and SFV from the axial CT images. We calculated the P/Ao ratio and obtained body mass index (BMI) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) results from hospital records. We used the chest X-ray profusion score according to the International Labor Organization (ILO) classification to evaluate the severity of the silicosis. RESULTS The mean age was 33.5±4.4 and 34.7±4.7 years in the silicotic and control groups, respectively. The mean BMI, PMV, SFV, and P/Ao values significantly differed between the study and control groups (P = 0.0009, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0029, respectively). According to the ILO classification, there were 12 silicosis patients in category 1, 13 in category 2, and 16 in category 3. A significant difference was found between disease categories in terms of PMV, SFV, P/Ao, BMI, and FEV1/FVC values (P = 0.0425, P = 0.0341, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0492, and P = 0.0004, respectively). CONCLUSION Disease severity had a stronger association with decreased PMV and SFV and increased P/Ao ratios than BMI in patients with silicosis caused by denim sandblasting. Thus, CT evaluation might be a useful indicator of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adem Karaman
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fadime Sultan Albez
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Polat
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Alper
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Metin Akgün
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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22
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Progressive loss of muscle mass could be an adverse prognostic factor of 28-day mortality in septic shock patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16471. [PMID: 31712647 PMCID: PMC6848164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in skeletal muscle mass has been shown to increase hospital mortality. Nevertheless, little is known about the association between progressive muscle loss over time and clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate whether progressive loss of muscle mass in septic shock patients was associated with mortality. We reviewed prospectively enrolled registry of septic shock which had 817 consecutive patients. Of these, 175 patients who had computed tomography (CT) at a time of admission as well as 3-6 months prior to admission were included. Between these two CTs, the change in total abdominal muscle area index (TAMAI) was evaluated for progressive muscle loss. The change in TAMAI was higher in the non-survivors (-7.6 cm2/m2, 19.0% decrease) than the survivors (-4.0 cm2/m2, 10.5% decrease) with statistical significance (p = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression showed that the patients who had more than a 6.4 cm2/m2 (16.7%) reduction of TAMAI had a 4.42-fold higher risk for mortality at 28 days (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.41-13.81, p = 0.011). Our study suggested that progressive loss of muscle mass might be a useful prognostic factor for septic shock patients. This implication will need to be further explored in future prospective studies.
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23
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Kubo N, Kawanaka H, Hiroshige S, Tajiri H, Egashira A, Takeuchi H, Matsumoto T, Oki E, Yano T. Sarcopenia discriminates poor prognosis in elderly patients following emergency surgery for perforation panperitonitis. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2019; 3:630-637. [PMID: 31788651 PMCID: PMC6875939 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Sarcopenia has been reported as a prognostic predictor in various conditions; however, it has not been examined in patients with perforation panperitonitis. METHODS A total of 103 consecutive patients with perforation panperitonitis who underwent emergency surgery from 2008 to 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured as the cross-sectional area (cm2) of skeletal muscle in the L3 region on computed tomography images normalized for height (cm2/m2). Sarcopenia was defined as an SMI of ≤43.75 and ≤41.10 cm2/m2 in men and women, respectively. The impact of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes was investigated. RESULTS Sarcopenia was present in 50 (48.5%) patients. Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IIIb) and in-hospital mortality were more frequently observed in patients with than without sarcopenia (28.0% vs 9.4%, P = .015) (20.0% vs 5.7%, P = .029) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sarcopenia, and renal dysfunction were independent risk factors for severe complications and in-hospital mortality. The optimal cut-off levels of age and SMI for predicting these were ≥79 years and SMI <38 cm2/m2, respectively. Among the patients aged ≥79 years, those with SMI <38 cm2/m2 had a severe complication rate of 71% and an in-hospital mortality rate of 57%, whereas the rate of those with SMI ≥38 cm2/m2 was 22% (P = .011) and 11% (P = .008), respectively. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is a predictive factor of severe complications and in-hospital mortality following emergency surgery for perforation panperitonitis, especially in elderly patients. Estimation of sarcopenia may identify patients eligible or not eligible for emergency surgery among elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhide Kubo
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Hirohumi Kawanaka
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
- Clinical Research InstituteBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Shoji Hiroshige
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Hirotada Tajiri
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Akinori Egashira
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Hideya Takeuchi
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Toshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tokujiro Yano
- Department of SurgeryBeppu Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationBeppuJapan
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24
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Gray matter reduction related to decreased serum creatinine and increased triglyceride, Hemoglobin A1C, and low-density lipoprotein in subjects with obesity. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:703-710. [PMID: 31011773 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered brain volume and metabolic variables have been found in subjects with obesity. However, the role of metabolic parameters in gray matter volume (GMV) has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the metabolic parameters and brain volume in subjects with obesity. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with obesity and 39 age and sex matched normal-weight controls were included in this study. Eighteen of the 37 participants who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were included in the longitudinal analysis. Blood samples and high-resolution 3T T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected. Metabolic parameters in plasma and GMV were measured. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gray matter reduction in several cognition-related cortices including right angular gyrus, superior occipital cortex, superior parietal cortex, and cerebellum was related to decreased creatinine, as well as increased triglyceride, HbA1c, and low-density lipoprotein in plasma in subjects with obesity. Weight loss after the surgery induced significant recovery of altered metabolic parameters and decreased gray matter volume. Furthermore, changes in the four metabolic parameters before and after the surgery were associated with changes in gray matter volume. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the gray matter reduction is related to decreased creatinine as well as increased triglyceride, HbA1c, and low-density lipoprotein in plasma in subjects with obesity.
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25
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Naik GS, Waikar SS, Johnson AEW, Buchbinder EI, Haq R, Hodi FS, Schoenfeld JD, Ott PA. Complex inter-relationship of body mass index, gender and serum creatinine on survival: exploring the obesity paradox in melanoma patients treated with checkpoint inhibition. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 30922394 PMCID: PMC6440018 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A male gender driven obesity paradox (improved survival for overweight/obese patients compared to normal weight) was recently shown in melanoma in the context of checkpoint inhibition (anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA4 monotherapy) in a pooled meta-analysis. We characterized the relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) with survival and explored gender-based interactions with surrogates of body composition/malnutrition in the context of PD-1 blockade as monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab in a real-world setting. METHODS Advanced melanoma patients who received at least one dose of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or nivolumab plus ipilimumab (combination) from June 2014 to September 2016 were included in this retrospective cohort study (N = 139). Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS) were the main outcomes. Analysis was performed using Random Survival Forests (RSF)/ multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazards models. RESULTS Overweight/Class-I (25- < 35 kg/m2) obese patients had a significantly lower risk of mortality (adjusted-HR:0.26; 95%CI:0.1-0.71; p-value = 0.008) and progressive disease (adjusted-HR:0.43; 95%CI:0.19-0.95; p-value:0.038) compared to normal-weight (18.5- < 25 kg/m2). Class II/III obesity (compared to normal-weight) had an adjusted HR of 0.42 (95%CI: 0.1-1.77; p-value: 0.238) for OS and 1 (95%CI:0.34-2.94; p-value:0.991) for PFS. Exploration of interactions for OS showed that the association was predominantly driven by males (adjusted-HRmales:0.11; 95%CI:0.03-0.4; adjusted-HRfemales: 0.56; 95%CI:0.16-1.89; p-valueinteraction:0.044); the association was not seen in patients with serum creatinine< 0.9 mg/dL (adjusted-HR:0.43; 95%CI:0.15-1.24; p-valueinteraction:0.020), who were predominantly females. These observations were made in both the anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n = 79) and combination therapy (anti-PD-1/CTLA-4, n = 60) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the existence of an "obesity paradox" restricted to overweight/Class-I obesity in the real-world setting; the association was driven predominantly by males who largely had higher serum creatinine levels, a surrogate for skeletal muscle mass in the setting of metastatic disease. These observations suggest that sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass) or direct measures of body mass composition may be more suitable predictors of survival in melanoma patients treated with PD-1 blockade (monotherapy/combination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish S Naik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alistair E W Johnson
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Buchbinder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schoenfeld
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Melanoma Center & Center for Immuno-Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Kemp PR, Griffiths M, Polkey MI. Muscle wasting in the presence of disease, why is it so variable? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:1038-1055. [PMID: 30588725 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a common clinical feature of many chronic diseases and also occurs in response to single acute events. The accompanying loss of strength can lead to significant disability, increased care needs and have profound negative effects on quality of life. As muscle is the most abundant source of amino acids in the body, it appears to function as a buffer for fuel and substrates that can be used to repair damage elsewhere and to feed the immune system. In essence, the fundamentals of muscle wasting are simple: less muscle is made than is broken down. However, although well-described mechanisms modulate muscle protein turnover, significant individual differences in the amount of muscle lost in the presence of a given severity of disease complicate the understanding of underlying mechanisms and suggest that individuals have different sensitivities to signals for muscle loss. Furthermore, the rate at which muscle protein is turned over under normal conditions means that clinically significant muscle loss can occur with changes in the rate of protein synthesis and/or breakdown that are too small to be measurable. Consequently, the changes in expression of factors regulating muscle turnover required to cause a decline in muscle mass are small and, except in cases of rapid wasting, there is no consistent pattern of change in the expression of factors that regulate muscle mass. MicroRNAs are fine tuners of cell phenotype and are therefore ideally suited to cause the subtle changes in proteome required to tilt the balance between synthesis and degradation in a way that causes clinically significant wasting. Herein we present a model in which muscle loss as a consequence of disease in non-muscle tissue is modulated by a set of microRNAs, the muscle expression of which is associated with severity of disease in the non-muscle tissue. These microRNAs alter fundamental biological processes including the synthesis of ribosomes and mitochondria leading to reduced protein synthesis and increased protein breakdown, thereby freeing amino acids from the muscle. We argue that the variability in muscle loss observed in the human population arises from at least two sources. The first is from pre-existing or disease-induced variation in the expression of microRNAs controlling the sensitivity of muscle to the atrophic signal and the second is from the expression of microRNAs from imprinted loci (i.e. only expressed from the maternally or paternally inherited allele) and may control the rate of myonuclear recruitment. In the absence of disease, these factors do not correlate with muscle mass, since there is no challenge to the established balance. However, in the presence of such a challenge, these microRNAs determine the rate of decline for a given disease severity. Together these mechanisms provide novel insight into the loss of muscle mass and its variation in the human population. The involvement of imprinted loci also suggests that genes that regulate early development also contribute to the ability of individuals to resist muscle loss in response to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Kemp
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Mark Griffiths
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, U.K
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27
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Díaz BB, González DA, Gannar F, Pérez MCR, de León AC. Myokines, physical activity, insulin resistance and autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2018; 203:1-5. [PMID: 30194964 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myokines are peptides produced and released by myocytes of muscle fibers that influence physiology of muscle and other organs and tissues. They are involved in mediating the beneficial effects that exercise has on health. More than one hundred have been identified and among them are IL6, myostatin, irisin, mionectin and decorin. Physical inactivity leads to an altered response of the secretion of myokines and resistance to them; this leads to a pro-inflammatory state that favors sarcopenia and fat accumulation, promoting the development of cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Some myokines, including irisin, are responsible for the improvement that exercise produces in many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer and many autoimmune diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buenaventura Brito Díaz
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Delia Almeida González
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Immunology Section, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fadoua Gannar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Human Nutrition, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Cristo Rodríguez Pérez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
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Connolly M, Paul R, Farre-Garros R, Natanek SA, Bloch S, Lee J, Lorenzo JP, Patel H, Cooper C, Sayer AA, Wort SJ, Griffiths M, Polkey MI, Kemp PR. miR-424-5p reduces ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis in muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:400-416. [PMID: 29215200 PMCID: PMC5879973 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A loss of muscle mass occurs as a consequence of a range of chronic and acute diseases as well as in older age. This wasting results from an imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation with a reduction in synthesis and resistance to anabolic stimulation often reported features. Ribosomes are required for protein synthesis, so changes in the control of ribosome synthesis are potential contributors to muscle wasting. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of muscle phenotype and have been shown to modulate components of the protein synthetic pathway. One miRNA that is predicted to target a number of components of protein synthetic pathway is miR-424-5p, which is elevated in the quadriceps of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Targets of miR-424-5p were identified by Argonaute2 pull down, and the effects of the miRNA on RNA and protein expression were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in muscle cells in vitro. Protein synthesis was determined by puromycin incorporation in vitro. The miRNA was over-expressed in the tibialis anterior muscle of mice by electroporation and the effects quantified. Finally, quadriceps expression of the miRNA was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients with COPD and intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness and in patients undergoing aortic surgery as well as in individuals from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study. RESULTS Pull-down assays showed that miR-424-5p bound to messenger RNAs encoding proteins associated with muscle protein synthesis. The most highly enriched messenger RNAs encoded proteins required for the Pol I RNA pre-initiation complex required for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, (PolR1A and upstream binding transcription factor). In vitro, miR-424-5p reduced the expression of these RNAs, reduced rRNA levels, and inhibited protein synthesis. In mice, over-expression of miR-322 (rodent miR-424 orthologue) caused fibre atrophy and reduced upstream binding transcription factor expression and rRNA levels. In humans, elevated miR-424-5p associated with markers of disease severity in COPD (FEV1 %), in patients undergoing aortic surgery (LVEF%), and in patients with ICU-acquired weakness (days in ICU). In patients undergoing aortic surgery, preoperative miR-424-5p expression in skeletal muscle was associated with muscle loss over the following 7 days. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that miR-424-5p regulates rRNA synthesis by inhibiting Pol I pre-initiation complex formation. Increased miR-424-5p expression in patients with conditions associated with muscle wasting is likely to contribute to the inhibition of protein synthesis and loss of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Connolly
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard Paul
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Roser Farre-Garros
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Samantha A Natanek
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Susannah Bloch
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jen Lee
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jose P Lorenzo
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Harnish Patel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Mark Griffiths
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Paul R Kemp
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Wang CH, Lin HC, Chang YC, Maa SH, Wang JS, Tang WR. Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in ventilated intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9165. [PMID: 29390449 PMCID: PMC5758151 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is clear that ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients have worse outcomes than those who are not, information about the risk factors of in-hospital mortality remains important for medical groups to target interventions for these patients.The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in ventilated ICU patients with an admission diagnosis of acute respiratory failure.We conducted a prospective cohort study in 3 medical ICUs in a 3600-bed university hospital. Consecutive patients with acute respiratory failure who received mechanical ventilation (MV) for at least 96 hours without evidence of pre-existing neuromuscular diseases were followed until discharge. Upon inclusion, the following parameters were collected or evaluated: demographics, clinical history (admission body mass index [BMI], etiology of acute respiratory failure, comorbidity, Charlson comorbidity index, laboratory data), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and right and left quadriceps femoris muscle force. The days of MV before extubation, ICU length of stay, survival status at discharge, and hospital length of stay were recorded from the hospital discharge summary. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.In all, 113 patients (65.49% males) were recruited with a mean age of 69.78 years and mean APACHE II score of 22.63. The mean ICU length of stay was 14.88 ± 9.79 days. Overall in-hospital mortality was 25.66% (29 out of 113 patients). Multivariate analysis showed that the essential factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality were lower BMI (P = .013), and lower scores on the right or left quadriceps femoris muscle force (P = .002 and .010, respectively).Our study suggests that lower BMI and lower scores on lower limb muscle force may be associated with increased in-hospital mortality in ventilated ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Hua Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Yue-Cune Chang
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City
| | - Suh-Hwa Maa
- Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University
| | - Woung-Ru Tang
- School of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Hadda V, Kumar R, Dhungana A, Khan MA, Madan K, Khilnani GC. Inter- and intra-observer variability of ultrasonographic arm muscle thickness measurement by critical care physicians. J Postgrad Med 2017; 63:157-161. [PMID: 28272064 PMCID: PMC5525479 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.201412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intra-observer variability of arm muscle thickness measured by critical care physicians using bedside ultrasonography (USG). METHODOLOGY This prospective study included twenty patients admitted with sepsis. Three measurements of thickness of right arm muscles of each patient using B-mode USG were taken by two critical care fellows, independently. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The mean 1st, 2nd, and 3rd measurements of muscle thickness recorded by observer 1 and 2 were 23.620 (±4.171) versus 23.840 (±3.849) mm, 23.235 (±3.620) versus 23.625 (±4.062) mm, and 24.125 (±4.098) versus 23.965 (±3.651) mm, respectively. The average muscle thickness measured by first and second observer was 23.660 (±3.834) mm and 23.810 (±3.674) mm, respectively. ICC for intra-observer variability for observer 1 and 2 was 0.964 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.924-0.985) and 0.949 (95% CI 0.892-0.978), respectively. ICC for inter-observer variability was 0.995 (95% CI 0.988-0.998). CONCLUSIONS USG is a reliable tool for assessment of arm muscle thickness by critical care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hadda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Dhungana
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - MA Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - GC Khilnani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Increased Early Systemic Inflammation in ICU-Acquired Weakness; A Prospective Observational Cohort Study*. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:972-979. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Kittanamongkolchai W, Harrison AM, Kashani K. Prognostic Importance of Low Admission Serum Creatinine Concentration for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients. Am J Med 2017; 130:545-554.e1. [PMID: 27998681 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to assess the association between low serum creatinine value at admission and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients. METHODS This was a retrospective single-center cohort study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. All hospitalized adult patients between 2011 and 2013 who had an admission creatinine value available were identified for inclusion in this study. Admission creatinine value was categorized into 7 groups: ≤0.4, 0.5 to 0.6, 0.7 to 0.8, 0.9 to 1.0, 1.1 to 1.2, 1.3 to 1.4, and ≥1.5 mg/dL. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio of in-hospital mortality for the various admission creatinine levels, using a creatinine value of 0.7 to 0.8 mg/dL as the reference group in the analysis of all patients and female patients and of 0.9 to 1.0 mg/dL in the analysis of male patients because it was associated with the lowest in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Of 73,994 included patients, 973 (1.3%) died in the hospital. The association between different categories of admission creatinine value and in-hospital mortality assumed a U-shaped distribution, with both low and high creatinine values associated with higher in-hospital mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, principal diagnosis, and comorbid conditions, very low creatinine value (≤0.4 mg/dL) was significantly associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 3.29; 95% confidence interval, 2.08-5.00), exceeding the risk related to a markedly increased creatinine value of ≥1.5 mg/dL (odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 2.07-3.17). The association remained significant in the subgroup analysis of male and female patients. CONCLUSIONS Low creatinine value at admission is independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew M Harrison
- Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn
| | - Kianoush Kashani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
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Bullen LE, Evola MG, Griffith EH, Seiler GS, Saker KE. Validation of ultrasonographic muscle thickness measurements as compared to the gold standard of computed tomography in dogs. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2926. [PMID: 28149695 PMCID: PMC5270592 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective was to quantitatively evaluate the validity of ultrasonographic (US) muscle measurements as compared to the gold standard of computed tomography (CT) in the canine. Design This was a prospective study. Population Twenty-five, client-owned dogs scheduled for CT as part of a diagnostic work-up for the management of their primary disease process were included. Materials and Methods Specific appendicular (cubital flexors and extensors, coxofemoral flexors and extensors) and axial (temporalis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, lumbar epaxials) muscle groups were selected for quantitative measure based on CT planning and patient position. Prior to CT scan, the skin over the muscle sites was shaved and marked with a permanent marker. Patient body position was determined based on the patient’s CT plan; positioning was consistent between CT and US imaging. To ensure identical imaging position for both CT and US measurements, radio-opaque fiducial markers were placed directly over the skin marks once the dog was positioned. Quantitative measurements (cm) for both lean muscle mass (LMM) and subcutaneous adipose (SQA) were recorded. Statistical comparisons between CT and US values were done separately for each site and type. Results Muscle groups and associated SQA measured by US and CT were not statistically different based on an adjusted p-value using Bonferroni’s correction (p < 0.0031). In addition, all LMM and SQA sites had good reliability and agreement (Cronbach’s α = 0.8 − 1.0) between the two metrics, excluding the coxofemoral extensor muscle group (Cronbach’s α = 0.73232). Linear regression analysis of muscle measures indicated close agreement (slope range 0.93–1.09) and minimal bias of variation (intercept range 0.05–0.11) between CT versus US modalities, with the exception of the coxofemoral extensor muscle. Similarly, SQA CT and US measures indicated close agreement with the slope range of 0.88–1.02 and minimal bias of variation with an intercept range of 0.021–0.098, excluding the cubital flexor and extensor groups. Additionally, the R2 values for these remaining LMM and SQA sites are reported as >0.897 for LLM and >0.8289 for SQA. Conclusions Ultrasound imaging of selected appendicular and axial muscle groups in dogs can provide comparable assessment of muscle thickness to the current gold standard, CT. In consideration of both statistical reliability to CT and cage-side accessibility, the temporalis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and lumbar epaxial LMM sites are considered the most useful targets for US LMM assessment in the canine. Our findings support the potential utility of US as a clinical tool in veterinary medicine to assess LMM status in patients. Additional studies are indicated to develop standardized protocols of its use in a cage-side setting and to elucidate the benefit of this modality, in conjunction with nutritional interventions, to manage body LLM stores in compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Bullen
- College of Veterinary Medicine: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , United States
| | - Maria G Evola
- College of Veterinary Medicine: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , United States
| | - Emily H Griffith
- College of Sciences: Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , United States
| | - Gabriela S Seiler
- College of Veterinary Medicine: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , United States
| | - Korinn E Saker
- College of Veterinary Medicine: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , United States
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Leite JSM, Cruzat VF, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Kashani K. Serum creatinine level, a surrogate of muscle mass, predicts mortality in critically ill patients. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E305-11. [PMID: 27162688 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.03.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serum creatinine (SCr) has been widely used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Creatinine generation could be reduced in the setting of low skeletal muscle mass. Thus, SCr has also been used as a surrogate of muscle mass. Low muscle mass is associated with reduced survival in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Recently, studies have demonstrated high mortality in ICU patients with low admission SCr levels, reflecting that low muscle mass or malnutrition, are associated with increased mortality. However, SCr levels can also be influenced by multiple GFR- and non-GFR-related factors including age, diet, exercise, stress, pregnancy, and kidney disease. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound, have recently been studied for muscle mass assessment and demonstrated promising data. This article aims to present the perspectives of the uses of SCr and other methods for prediction of muscle mass and outcomes of ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charat Thongprayoon
- 1 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- 1 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kianoush Kashani
- 1 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Tsaousi G, Kokkota S, Papakostas P, Stavrou G, Doumaki E, Kotzampassi K. Body composition analysis for discrimination of prolonged hospital stay in colorectal cancer surgery patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Tsaousi
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICU; Faculty of Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki
| | - S. Kokkota
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki
| | - P. Papakostas
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki
| | - G. Stavrou
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki
| | - E. Doumaki
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - K. Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki
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Elke G, Wang M, Weiler N, Day AG, Heyland DK. Close to recommended caloric and protein intake by enteral nutrition is associated with better clinical outcome of critically ill septic patients: secondary analysis of a large international nutrition database. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R29. [PMID: 24506888 PMCID: PMC4056527 DOI: 10.1186/cc13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Current international sepsis guidelines recommend low-dose enteral nutrition (EN) for the first week. This contradicts other nutrition guidelines for heterogenous groups of ICU patients. Data on the optimal dose of EN in septic patients are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of energy and protein amount given by EN on clinical outcomes in a large cohort of critically ill septic patients. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of pooled data collected prospectively from international nutrition studies. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of sepsis and/or pneumonia and were admitted to the ICU for ≥3 days, mechanically ventilated within 48 hours of ICU admission and only receiving EN. Patients receiving parenteral nutrition were excluded. Data were collected from ICU admission up to a maximum of 12 days. Regression models were used to examine the impact of calorie and protein intake on 60-day mortality and ventilator-free days. Results Of the 13,630 patients included in the dataset, 2,270 met the study inclusion criteria. Patients received a mean amount of 1,057 kcal/d (14.5 kcal/kg/day) and 49 g protein/day (0.7 g/kg/d) by EN alone. Patients were mechanically ventilated for a median of 8.4 days and 60-day mortality was 30.5%. An increase of 1,000 kcal was associated with reduced 60-day mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.77, P <0.001) and more ventilator-free days (2.81 days, 95% CI 0.53 to 5.08, P = 0.02) as was an increase of 30 g protein per day (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.87, P <0.001 and 1.92 days, 95% CI 0.58 to 3.27, P = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions In critically ill septic patients, a calorie and protein delivery closer to recommended amounts by EN in the early phase of ICU stay was associated with a more favorable outcome.
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Paratz JD, Kayambu G. Early exercise and attenuation of myopathy in the patient with sepsis in ICU. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x11y.0000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Senf SM. Skeletal muscle heat shock protein 70: diverse functions and therapeutic potential for wasting disorders. Front Physiol 2013; 4:330. [PMID: 24273516 PMCID: PMC3822288 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is a highly conserved protein with diverse intracellular and extracellular functions. In skeletal muscle, HSP70 is rapidly induced in response to both non-damaging and damaging stress stimuli including exercise and acute muscle injuries. This upregulation of HSP70 contributes to the maintenance of muscle fiber integrity and facilitates muscle regeneration and recovery. Conversely, HSP70 expression is decreased during muscle inactivity and aging, and evidence supports the loss of HSP70 as a key mechanism which may drive muscle atrophy, contractile dysfunction and reduced regenerative capacity associated with these conditions. To date, the therapeutic benefit of HSP70 upregulation in skeletal muscle has been established in rodent models of muscle injury, muscle atrophy, modified muscle use, aging, and muscular dystrophy, which highlights HSP70 as a key therapeutic target for the treatment of various conditions which negatively affect skeletal muscle mass and function. This article will review these important findings and provide perspective on the unanswered questions related to HSP70 and skeletal muscle plasticity which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Senf
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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Moisey LL, Mourtzakis M, Cotton BA, Premji T, Heyland DK, Wade CE, Bulger E, Kozar RA. Skeletal muscle predicts ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality in elderly ICU patients. Crit Care 2013; 17:R206. [PMID: 24050662 PMCID: PMC4055977 DOI: 10.1186/cc12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the population ages, the number of injured elderly is increasing. We sought to determine if low skeletal muscle mass adversely affected outcome in elderly patients following trauma. METHODS Patients ≥ 65 years of age with an admission abdominal computed tomography scan and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) stay at a Level I trauma center in 2009-2010 were reviewed. Muscle cross-sectional area at the 3rd lumbar vertebra was quantified and muscle index, a normalized measure of muscle mass, was calculated and related to clinical parameters including ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality. Using previously established sex-specific, muscle index cut-points, patients were then categorized as sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic and differences in clinical outcomes between these two groups were also compared. We also examined muscle index as a continuous variable relative to the same clinical outcomes. RESULTS There were 149 severely injured elderly patients (median age 79 years) enrolled in this study of which 71% were sarcopenic. Of the patients who were sarcopenic, 9% were underweight, 44% normal weight, and 47% overweight/obese as per body mass index (BMI) classifications. The overall mortality rate was 27% and univariate analysis demonstrated higher mortality among those who were sarcopenic (32% vs. 14%, P = 0.018). After controlling for age, sex, and injury severity, multiple logistic regression demonstrated that increased muscle index was significantly associated with decreased mortality (OR per unit muscle index = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.875-0.997, P = 0.025). In addition, multivariate linear regression showed that sarcopenia, but not muscle index, was associated with decreased ventilator-free (P = 0.004) and ICU-free days (P = 0.002). Neither BMI, serum albumin nor total adipose tissue on admission were indicative of survival, ventilator-free or ICU-free days. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in the elderly population with traumatic injuries. Traditional measures of nutritional assessment, such as BMI and serum albumin, do not accurately predict outcome in the injured elderly. Sarcopenia, however, represents a potential new predictor for mortality, discharge disposition, and ICU utilization. Measurement of muscularity allows for the early identification of at-risk patients who may benefit from aggressive and multidisciplinary nutritional and rehabilitative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley L Moisey
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marina Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan A Cotton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tahira Premji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Daren K Heyland
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charles E Wade
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eileen Bulger
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rosemary A Kozar
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the incidence, major risk factors, and the clinical, electrophysiological, and histological features of critical illness myopathy (CIM). Major pathogenetic mechanisms and long-term consequences of CIM are also reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS CIM is frequently associated with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), and may have a relevant impact on patients' outcome. CIM has an earlier onset than CIP, and recovery is faster. Loss of myosin filaments on muscle biopsy is important to diagnose CIM, and has a good prognosis. Critical illness, use of steroids, and immobility concur in causing CIM. SUMMARY A rationale diagnostic approach to CIM using clinical, electrophysiological, and muscle biopsy investigations is important to plan adequate therapy and to predict recovery.
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Verzola D, Procopio V, Sofia A, Villaggio B, Tarroni A, Bonanni A, Mannucci I, De Cian F, Gianetta E, Saffioti S, Garibotto G. Apoptosis and myostatin mRNA are upregulated in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2011; 79:773-82. [PMID: 21228768 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and myostatin are major mediators of muscle atrophy and might therefore be involved in the wasting of uremia. To examine whether they are expressed in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we measured muscle apoptosis and myostatin mRNA and their related intracellular signal pathways in rectus abdominis biopsies obtained from 22 consecutive patients with stage 5 CKD scheduled for peritoneal dialysis. Apoptotic loss of myonuclei, determined by anti-single-stranded DNA antibody and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays, was significantly increased three to fivefold, respectively. Additionally, myostatin and interleukin (IL)-6 gene expressions were significantly upregulated, whereas insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA was significantly lower than in controls. Phosphorylated JNK (c-Jun amino-terminal kinase) and its downstream effector, phospho-c-Jun, were significantly upregulated, whereas phospho-Akt was markedly downregulated. Multivariate analysis models showed that phospho-Akt and IL-6 contributed individually and significantly to the prediction of apoptosis and myostatin gene expression, respectively. Thus, our study found activation of multiple pathways that promote muscle atrophy in the skeletal muscle of patients with CKD. These pathways appear to be associated with different intracellular signals, and are likely differently regulated in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verzola
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedale Università San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Vraskou Y, Roher N, Díaz M, Antonescu CN, MacKenzie SA, Planas JV. Direct involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α in the regulation of glucose uptake in rainbow trout muscle cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R716-23. [PMID: 21191000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00514.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α is known to have a direct action on skeletal muscle in mammals. However, little is known regarding the potential effects of cytokines on nonimmune tissues, particularly in skeletal muscle, in fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant trout TNF-α (rtTNF-α) on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We used a primary cell culture of muscle cells from rainbow trout to show that rtTNF-α stimulates glucose uptake in myoblasts and myotubes at concentrations that do not affect the viability of the cells, requiring de novo protein synthesis as shown by the impairment of rtTNF-α-stimulated glucose uptake by cycloheximide. With the use of specific inhibitors, we show that rtTNF-α-stimulated glucose uptake is mediated by the p38MAPK, NF-κB, and JNK pathways. Additionally, we provide evidence that the stimulatory effects of rtTNF-α on glucose uptake in trout skeletal muscle cells may be caused, at least in part, by an increase in the amount of GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Incubation of trout muscle cells with conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated trout macrophages, enriched in TNF-α, increased glucose uptake. Our results indicate that recombinant, as well as native trout TNF-α, directly stimulates glucose uptake in trout muscle cells and provide evidence, for the first time in nonmammalian vertebrates, for a potential regulatory role of TNF-α in skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoryia Vraskou
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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