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Panov AV. The Structure of the Cardiac Mitochondria Respirasome Is Adapted for the β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2410. [PMID: 38397087 PMCID: PMC10889813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that in the heart and kidney mitochondria, more than 95% of ATP production is supported by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. However, the β-oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria has been studied much less than the substrates formed during the catabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. In the last few decades, several discoveries have been made that are directly related to fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we made an attempt to re-evaluate the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids from the perspectives of new discoveries. The single set of electron transporters of the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain is organized into three supercomplexes. Two of them contain complex I, a dimer of complex III, and two dimers of complex IV. The third, smaller supercomplex contains a dimer of complex III and two dimers of complex IV. We also considered other important discoveries. First, the enzymes of the β-oxidation of fatty acids are physically associated with the respirasome. Second, the β-oxidation of fatty acids creates the highest level of QH2 and reverses the flow of electrons from QH2 through complex II, reducing fumarate to succinate. Third, β-oxidation is greatly stimulated in the presence of succinate. We argue that the respirasome is uniquely adapted for the β-oxidation of fatty acids. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex reduces the membrane's pool of ubiquinone to QH2, which is instantly oxidized by the smaller supercomplex, generating a high energization of mitochondria and reversing the electron flow through complex II, which reverses the electron flow through complex I, increasing the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the matrix. The mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase catalyzes a hydride (H-, a proton plus two electrons) transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing the cytosolic pool of NADP(H), thus providing the heart with ATP for muscle contraction and energy and reducing equivalents for the housekeeping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Panov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31201, USA
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Damschroder D, Vieira Neto E, Lasorsa A, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Samovich SN, Souryavong AB, Dar HH, Ramim A, Liang Z, Lazcano P, Ji J, Schmidtke MW, Kiselyov K, Korkmaz A, Vladimirov GK, Artyukhova MA, Rampratap P, Cole LK, Niyatie A, Baker EK, Peterson J, Hatch GM, Atkinson J, Vockley J, Kühn B, Wessells R, van der Wel PCA, Bahar I, Bayir H, Greenberg ML. Anomalous peroxidase activity of cytochrome c is the primary pathogenic target in Barth syndrome. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2184-2205. [PMID: 37996701 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a life-threatening genetic disorder with unknown pathogenicity caused by mutations in TAFAZZIN (TAZ) that affect remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL). TAZ deficiency leads to accumulation of mono-lyso-CL (MLCL), which forms a peroxidase complex with cytochrome c (cyt c) capable of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids. We hypothesized that accumulation of MLCL facilitates formation of anomalous MLCL-cyt c peroxidase complexes and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids as the primary BTHS pathogenic mechanism. Using genetic, biochemical/biophysical, redox lipidomic and computational approaches, we reveal mechanisms of peroxidase-competent MLCL-cyt c complexation and increased phospholipid peroxidation in different TAZ-deficient cells and animal models and in pre-transplant biopsies from hearts of patients with BTHS. A specific mitochondria-targeted anti-peroxidase agent inhibited MLCL-cyt c peroxidase activity, prevented phospholipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial respiration of TAZ-deficient C2C12 myoblasts and restored exercise endurance in a BTHS Drosophila model. Targeting MLCL-cyt c peroxidase offers therapeutic approaches to BTHS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Vieira Neto
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin B Souryavong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abu Ramim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aybike Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margarita A Artyukhova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pushpa Rampratap
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ammanamanchi Niyatie
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emma-Kate Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical Quantitative Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Chen Q, Kovilakath A, Allegood J, Thompson J, Hu Y, Cowart LA, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during aging: Role of sphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159366. [PMID: 37473835 PMCID: PMC11154090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the regulation of protein folding, lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and serves as a primary site of sphingolipid biosynthesis. ER stress (ER dysfunction) participates in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction during aging. Mitochondria are in close contact with the ER through shared mitochondria associated membranes (MAM). Alteration of sphingolipids contributes to mitochondria-driven cell injury. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid that is critical to maintain enzyme activity in the electron transport chain. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in sphingolipids and cardiolipin in ER, MAM, and mitochondria during the progression of aging in young (3 mo.), middle (18 mo.), and aged (24 mo.) C57Bl/6 mouse hearts. ER stress increased in hearts from 18 mo. mice and mice exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction by 24 mo. Hearts were pooled to isolate ER, MAM, and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM). LC-MS/MS quantification of lipid content showed that aging increased ceramide content in ER and MAM. In addition, the contents of sphingomyelin and monohexosylceramides are also increased in the ER from aged mice. Aging increased the total cardiolipin content in the ER. Aging did not alter the total cardiolipin content in mitochondria or MAM yet altered the composition of cardiolipin with aging in line with increased oxidative stress compared to young mice. These results indicate that alteration of sphingolipids can contribute to the ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America.
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Zhang H, He Y, Song C, Chai Z, Liu C, Sun S, Huang Q, He C, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao F. Analysis of fatty acid composition and sensitivity to dietary n-3 PUFA intervention of mouse n-3 PUFA-enriched tissues/organs. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102568. [PMID: 37003143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n3), are of concern for their health-promoting effects such as anti-inflammatory, but the tissue selectivity for n-3 PUFA (i.e., which tissues and organs are rich in n-3 PUFA) is still not well known. In addition, it is unclear which tissues and organs are more sensitive to n-3 PUFA intervention. These unresolved issues have greatly hindered the exploring of the health benefits of n-3 PUFA. METHODS Twenty-four 7-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were assigned to the control, fish oil, DHA, and EPA groups. The last three groups were given a 4-week oral intervention of fatty acids in ethyl ester (400 mg/kg bw). The fatty acid profiles in 27 compartments were determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS The proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFA (the total relative percentage of EPA, DPA n3, and DHA) was analyzed. Eight tissues and organs, including the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus) and peripheral organs (tongue, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, kidney, and heart) were determined as being n-3 PUFA-enriched tissues and organs, owing to their high n-3 PUFA levels. The highest n-3 PUFA content was observed in the tongue for the first time. Notably, the content of linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 n6c) in peripheral organs was observed to be relatively high compared with that in the brain. Interestingly, the proportions of EPA in the kidney, heart, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and tongue increased more markedly after the EPA intervention than after the DHA or fish oil intervention. As expected, the levels of proinflammatory arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4 n6) in the kidney, quadriceps, and tongue were markedly decreased after the three dietary interventions. CONCLUSION Peripheral tissues and organs, including the tongue, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, kidney, and heart, besides the brain, showed obvious tissue selectivity for n-3 PUFA. In the whole body of mice, the tongue exhibits the strongest preference for n-3 PUFA, with the highest proportion of n-3 PUFA. Moreover, these peripheral tissues and organs, especially the kidney, are more sensitive to dietary EPA administration in comparison with the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yannan He
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; OmegaBandz.Inc, Shanghai, 1180 Xingxian Road, Shanghai, 201815, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhenglong Chai
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Chundi Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuben Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Qiuhan Huang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Canxia He
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yuping Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Parra-Lucares A, Romero-Hernández E, Villa E, Weitz-Muñoz S, Vizcarra G, Reyes M, Vergara D, Bustamante S, Llancaqueo M, Toro L. New Opportunities in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Bench to Bedside… and Back. Biomedicines 2022; 11:70. [PMID: 36672578 PMCID: PMC9856156 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health problem in nearly 50% of patients with heart failure. Therefore, research on new strategies for its diagnosis and management has become imperative in recent years. Few drugs have successfully improved clinical outcomes in this population. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to find new pharmacological interventions that target the main mechanisms responsible for this disease. In recent years, pathological mechanisms such as cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, alterations in calcium handling, NO pathway disturbance, and neurohumoral or mechanic impairment have been evaluated as new pharmacological targets showing promising results in preliminary studies. This review aims to analyze the new strategies and mechanical devices, along with their initial results in pre-clinical and different phases of ongoing clinical trials for HFpEF patients. Understanding new mechanisms to generate interventions will allow us to create methods to prevent the adverse outcomes of this silent pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parra-Lucares
- Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- MD PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Esteban Romero-Hernández
- MD PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Eduardo Villa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Sebastián Weitz-Muñoz
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Geovana Vizcarra
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Martín Reyes
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Diego Vergara
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Sergio Bustamante
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Marcelo Llancaqueo
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Luis Toro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
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Linoleic Acid-Enriched Diet Increases Mitochondrial Tetralinoleoyl Cardiolipin, OXPHOS Protein Levels, and Uncoupling in Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue during Diet-Induced Weight Gain. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010009. [PMID: 36671702 PMCID: PMC9854875 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane that supports respiratory chain structure and function and is demonstrated to be influenced by types of dietary fats. However, the influence of dietary fat on CL species and how this best supports mitochondrial function in brown adipose tissue (BAT), which exhibits an alternative method of energy utilization through the uncoupling of the mitochondrial proton gradient to generate heat, is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate metabolic parameters, interscapular BAT CL quantity, species, and mitochondrial function in mice consuming isocaloric moderate-fat diets with either lard (LD; similar fatty acid profile to western dietary patterns) or safflower oil high in linoleic acid (SO), shown to be metabolically favorable in large clinical meta-analyses. Mice fed the SO diet exhibited decreased adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, and enrichment of LA-containing CL species in BAT CL. Furthermore, mice fed the SO diet exhibit higher levels of OXPHOS complex proteins and increased oxygen consumption in BAT. Our findings demonstrate that dietary consumption of LA-rich oil improves metabolic parameters, increases LA-containing CL species, and improves BAT function when compared to the consumption of lard in mice during diet-induced weight gain.
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Zhang J, Shi Y. In Search of the Holy Grail: Toward a Unified Hypothesis on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121906. [PMID: 35741033 PMCID: PMC9221202 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial dynamics, membrane structure, oxidative phosphorylation, mtDNA bioenergetics, and mitophagy. The depletion or abnormal acyl composition of CL causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction causes age-related diseases remain poorly understood. Recent development in the field has identified acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (ALCAT1), an acyltransferase upregulated by oxidative stress, as a key enzyme that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. ALCAT1 catalyzes CL remodeling with very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Enrichment of DHA renders CL highly sensitive to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidized CL becomes a new source of ROS in the form of lipid peroxides, leading to a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, CL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, ablation or the pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 have been shown to mitigate obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, fatty liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The findings suggest that age-related disorders are one disease (aging) manifested by different mitochondrion-sensitive tissues, and therefore should be treated as one disease. This review will discuss a unified hypothesis on CL remodeling by ALCAT1 as the common denominator of mitochondrial dysfunction, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-210-450-1363; Fax: +1-210-562-6150
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Qualitative and Quantitative Effects of Fatty Acids Involved in Heart Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030210. [PMID: 35323653 PMCID: PMC8950543 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have structural and functional diversity. FAs in the heart are closely associated with cardiac function, and their qualitative or quantitative abnormalities lead to the onset and progression of cardiac disease. FAs are important as an energy substrate for the heart, but when in excess, they exhibit cardio-lipotoxicity that causes cardiac dysfunction or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. FAs also play a role as part of phospholipids that compose cell membranes, and the changes in mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and the FA composition of plasma membrane phospholipids affect cardiomyocyte survival. In addition, FA metabolites exert a wide variety of bioactivities in the heart as lipid mediators. Recent advances in measurement using mass spectrometry have identified trace amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-derived bioactive metabolites associated with heart disease. n-3 PUFAs have a variety of cardioprotective effects and have been shown in clinical trials to be effective in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. This review outlines the contributions of FAs to cardiac function and pathogenesis of heart diseases from the perspective of three major roles and proposes therapeutic applications and new medical perspectives of FAs represented by n-3 PUFAs.
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G, Ash M, Settineri R, Escribá PV. Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:944. [PMID: 34940446 PMCID: PMC8707623 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) uses natural membrane lipid supplements to safely replace damaged, oxidized lipids in membranes in order to restore membrane function, decrease symptoms and improve health. Oral MLR supplements contain mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, fatty acids, and other lipids, and can be used to replace and remove damaged cellular and intracellular membrane lipids. Membrane injury, caused mainly by oxidative damage, occurs in essentially all chronic and acute medical conditions, including cancer and degenerative diseases, and in normal processes, such as aging and development. After ingestion, the protected MLR glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are dispersed, absorbed, and internalized in the small intestines, where they can be partitioned into circulating lipoproteins, globules, liposomes, micelles, membranes, and other carriers and transported in the lymphatics and blood circulation to tissues and cellular sites where they are taken in by cells and partitioned into various cellular membranes. Once inside cells, the glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid carriers, globules, liposomes, chylomicrons, or by direct membrane-membrane interactions. The entire process appears to be driven by 'bulk flow' or mass action principles, where surplus concentrations of replacement lipids can stimulate the natural exchange and removal of damaged membrane lipids while the replacement lipids undergo further enzymatic alterations. Clinical studies have demonstrated the advantages of MLR in restoring membrane and organelle function and reducing fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in chronic illness and aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L. Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Michael Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 4SG, UK;
| | | | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
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Ralph-Epps T, Onu CJ, Vo L, Schmidtke MW, Le A, Greenberg ML. Studying Lipid-Related Pathophysiology Using the Yeast Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:768411. [PMID: 34777024 PMCID: PMC8581491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, is one of the most comprehensively studied model organisms in science. Yeast has been used to study a wide variety of human diseases, and the yeast model system has proved to be an especially amenable tool for the study of lipids and lipid-related pathophysiologies, a topic that has gained considerable attention in recent years. This review focuses on how yeast has contributed to our understanding of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and its role in Barth syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Defective tafazzin causes perturbation of CL metabolism, resulting in many downstream cellular consequences and clinical pathologies that are discussed herein. The influence of yeast research in the lipid-related pathophysiologies of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Ralph-Epps
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chisom J Onu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Linh Vo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anh Le
- Muskegon Catholic Central High School, Muskegon, MI, United States
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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11
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Oglakci-Ilhan A, Kusat-Ol K, Uzuner K, Uysal O, Sogut I, Yucel F, Kanbak G. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on myocardial apoptosis in the rat model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury and investigation on the cardioprotective role of calpain inhibitor 1. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2727-2738. [PMID: 34628987 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1985910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the presence of myocardial apoptosis on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury (MI) after long-term high dose alcohol consumption and examined the antiapoptotic role of calpain inhibitor 1. Male Wistar Albino rats (n = 108) were divided into six groups: Control, alcohol (ethanol was given during 30 days for chronic alcohol consumption), MI (150 mg/kg ISO injection at last two days of alcohol consumption), alcohol + MI, alcohol + MI + calpain inhibitor 1 (10 mg/kg inhibitor was injected at 15 min before ISO injections) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) groups. Biochemical, histological, and morphometric methods determined apoptosis levels in the heart tissue of rats. Cytochrome c, caspase 3, and calpain levels were significantly high in alcohol, MI, and alcohol + MI groups. In contrast, mitochondrial cardiolipin content was found to be low in alcohol, MI, and alcohol + MI groups. These parameters were close to the control group in the therapy group. Histological and morphometric data have supported biochemical results. As a result of our biochemical data, myocardial apoptosis was seen in the alcohol, MI, and especially alcohol after MI groups. Calpain inhibitor 1 reduced apoptotic cell death and prevented myocardial tissue injury in these groups. The efficiency of calpain inhibitor was very marked in MI after long-term high dose alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Oglakci-Ilhan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Eldivan Health Services, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat-Ol
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkish Health of Ministry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Uzuner
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Onur Uysal
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application and Research Center ESTEM, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Yucel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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12
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Ghnaimawi S, Rebello L, Baum J, Huang Y. DHA but not EPA induces the trans-differentiation of C2C12 cells into white-like adipocytes phenotype. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249438. [PMID: 34473703 PMCID: PMC8412409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) and myoblast play an important role in myotube regeneration when muscle tissue is injured. However, these cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes once exposed to PPARγ activator like EPA and DHA that are highly suggested during pregnancy. The objective of this study aims at determining the identity of trans-differentiated cells by exploring the effect of EPA and DHA on C2C12 undergoing differentiation into brown and white adipocytes. DHA but not EPA committed C2C12 cells reprograming into white like adipocyte phenotype. Also, DHA promoted the expression of lipolysis regulating genes but had no effect on genes regulating β-oxidation referring to its implication in lipid re-esterification. Furthermore, DHA impaired C2C12 cells differentiation into brown adipocytes through reducing the thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis of derived cells independent of UCP1. Accordingly, DHA treated groups showed an increased accumulation of lipid droplets and suppressed mitochondrial maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. EPA, on the other hand, reduced myogenesis regulating genes, but no significant differences were observed in the expression of adipogenesis key genes. Likewise, EPA suppressed the expression of WAT signature genes indicating that EPA and DHA have an independent role on white adipogensis. Unlike DHA treatment, EPA supplementation had no effect on the differential of C2C12 cells into brown adipocytes. In conclusion, DHA is a potent adipogenic and lipogenic factor that can change the metabolic profile of muscle cells by increasing myocellular fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Rebello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
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13
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Del Campo A, Perez G, Castro PF, Parra V, Verdejo HE. Mitochondrial function, dynamics and quality control in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166208. [PMID: 34214606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization for the adult population and a major cause of mortality worldwide. The HF syndrome is characterized by the heart's inability to supply the cardiac output required to meet the body's metabolic requirements or only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. HF without overt impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was initially labeled as "diastolic HF" until recognizing the coexistence of both systolic and diastolic abnormalities in most cases. Acknowledging these findings, the preferred nomenclature is HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). This syndrome primarily affects the elderly population and is associated with a heterogeneous overlapping of comorbidities that makes its diagnosis challenging. Despite extensive research, there is still no evidence-based therapy for HFpEF, reinforcing the need for a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology underlying its onset and progression. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the pathophysiological changes that accompany HFpEF onset and progression (low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) has just begun to be acknowledged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the participation of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of HFpEF, with particular emphasis on the signaling pathways involved, which may provide future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Perez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
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14
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Jia D, Zhang J, Nie J, Andersen JP, Rendon S, Zheng Y, Liu X, Tian Z, Shi Y. Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links hypoxia to coronary artery disease by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3498-3511. [PMID: 34111561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiac health. A loss of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (TLCL), the predominant cardiolipin species in the healthy mammalian heart, is implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we identified acyl-coenzyme A:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) as the missing link between hypoxia and CHD in an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI). ALCAT1 is an acyltransferase that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in aging-related diseases by catalyzing pathological remodeling of cardiolipin. In support of a causative role of ALCAT1 in CHD, we showed that ALCAT1 expression was potently upregulated by MI, linking myocardial hypoxia to oxidative stress, TLCL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly, ablation of the ALCAT1 gene or pharmacological inhibition of the ALCAT1 enzyme by Dafaglitapin (Dafa), a potent and highly specific ALCAT1 inhibitor, not only restored TLCL levels but also mitochondrial respiration by attenuating signal transduction pathways mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Consequently, ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 by Dafa effectively mitigated CHD and its underlying pathogenesis, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricle dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Together, the findings have provided the first proof-of-concept studies for targeting ALCAT1 as an effective treatment for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Perenna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John-Paul Andersen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Samantha Rendon
- Perenna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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15
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Le CH, Benage LG, Specht KS, Li Puma LC, Mulligan CM, Heuberger AL, Prenni JE, Claypool SM, Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Chicco AJ. Tafazzin deficiency impairs CoA-dependent oxidative metabolism in cardiac mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12485-12497. [PMID: 32665401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding a phospholipid transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for the function of numerous mitochondrial proteins and processes. However, it is unclear how tafazzin deficiency impacts cardiac mitochondrial metabolism. To address this question while avoiding confounding effects of cardiomyopathy on mitochondrial phenotype, we utilized Taz-shRNA knockdown (TazKD ) mice, which exhibit defective cardiolipin remodeling and respiratory supercomplex instability characteristic of human Barth syndrome but normal cardiac function into adulthood. Consistent with previous reports from other models, mitochondrial H2O2 emission and oxidative damage were greater in TazKD than in wild-type (WT) hearts, but there were no differences in oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency or membrane potential. Fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation capacities were 40-60% lower in TazKD mitochondria, but an up-regulation of glutamate oxidation supported respiration rates approximating those with pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine in WT. Deficiencies in mitochondrial CoA and shifts in the cardiac acyl-CoA profile paralleled changes in fatty acid oxidation enzymes and acyl-CoA thioesterases, suggesting limitations of CoA availability or "trapping" in TazKD mitochondrial metabolism. Incubation of TazKD mitochondria with exogenous CoA partially rescued pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation capacities, implicating dysregulation of CoA-dependent intermediary metabolism rather than respiratory chain defects in the bioenergetic impacts of tafazzin deficiency. These findings support links among cardiolipin abnormalities, respiratory supercomplex instability, and mitochondrial oxidant production and shed new light on the distinct metabolic consequences of tafazzin deficiency in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Le
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lindsay G Benage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lance C Li Puma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Mulligan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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16
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. Concurrent EPA and DHA Supplementation Impairs Brown Adipogenesis of C2C12 Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32595696 PMCID: PMC7303889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is considered to play positive roles in fetal neuro system development. However, maternal n−3 PUFAs may induce molecular reprogramming of uncommitted fetal myoblasts into adipocyte phenotype, in turn affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure of the offspring. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the combined effects of EPA and DHA on C2C12 cells undergoing brown adipogenic differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with brown adipogenic differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and 50 μM DHA. After differentiation, mRNA and protein samples were collected. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. General Proteomics analysis was conducted using mass spectrometric evaluation. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XFP Analyzer. Cells treated with n−3 PUFAs had significantly less (P < 0.05) expression of the brown adipocyte marker genes PGC1α, DIO2, and UCP3. Expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes TFAM, PGC1α, and PGC1β were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs treatment. Expression of mitochondrial electron transportation chain (ETC)-regulated genes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs, including ATP5J2, COX7a1, and COX8b. Mass spectrometric and western blot evaluation showed protein levels of enzymes which regulate the ETC and Krebs cycle, including ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A ligase, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (complex III), aconitate hydratase, cytochrome c, and pyruvate carboxylase were all decreased in the n−3 PUFAs group (P < 0.05). Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EPA and DHA may alter the BAT fate of myoblasts by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and induce white-like adipogenesis, shifting the metabolism from lipid oxidation to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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17
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Pakiet A, Jakubiak A, Mierzejewska P, Zwara A, Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Mika A. The Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Composition in the Hearts of Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030824. [PMID: 32245049 PMCID: PMC7146498 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western diet can lead to alterations in cardiac function and increase cardiovascular risk, which can be reproduced in animal models by implementing a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanism of these alterations is not fully understood and may be dependent on alterations in heart lipid composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an HFD on the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, as well as of various lipid fractions in the heart, and on heart function. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD or standard laboratory diet. The FA composition of chow, serum, heart and skeletal muscle tissues was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cardiac function was evaluated by ultrasonography. Our results showed an unexpected increase in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and a significant decrease in monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in the heart tissue of mice fed the HFD. For comparison, no such effects were observed in skeletal muscle or serum samples. Furthermore, we found that the largest increase in PUFAs was in the sphingolipid fraction, whereas the largest decrease in MUFAs was in the phospholipid and sphingomyelin fractions. The hearts of mice fed an HFD had an increased content of triacylglycerols. Moreover, the HFD treatment altered aortic flow pattern. We did not find significant changes in heart mass or oxidative stress markers between mice fed the HFD and standard diet. The above results suggest that alterations in FA composition in the heart may contribute to deterioration of heart function. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is the alteration of sphingolipids and phospholipids in the fatty acid profile, which may change the physical properties of these lipids. Since phospho- and sphingolipids are the major components of cell membranes, alterations in their structures in heart cells can result in changes in cell membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre - Research & Services Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-585-230-810
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18
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Ashapkin VV, Yamskova OV, Lyubetsky VA, Sorokina EV, Shram SI, Markov AV, Vyssokikh MY. Biological Diversity and Remodeling of Cardiolipin in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Pathologies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 84:1469-1483. [PMID: 31870251 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791912006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related dysfunctions are accompanied by impairments in the mitochondrial morphology, activity of signaling pathway, and protein interactions. Cardiolipin is one of the most important phospholipids that maintains the curvature of the cristae and facilitates assembly and interaction of complexes and supercomplexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The fatty acid composition of cardiolipin influences the biophysical properties of the membrane and, therefore, is crucial for the mitochondrial bioenergetics. The presence of unsaturated fatty acids in cardiolipin is the reason of its susceptibility to oxidative damage. Damaged cardiolipin undergoes remodeling by phospholipases, acyltransferases, and transacylases, creating a highly specific fatty acyl profile for each tissue. In this review, we discuss the variability of cardiolipin fatty acid composition in various species and different tissues of the same species, both in the norm and at various pathologies (e.g., age-related diseases, oxidative and traumatic stresses, knockouts/knockdowns of enzymes of the cardiolipin synthesis pathway). Progressive pathologies, including age-related ones, are accompanied by cardiolipin depletion and decrease in the efficiency of its remodeling, as well as the activation of an alternative way of pathological remodeling, which causes replacement of cardiolipin fatty acids with polyunsaturated ones (e.g., arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acids). Drugs or special diet can contribute to the partial restoration of the cardiolipin acyl profile to the one rich in fatty acids characteristic of an intact organ or tissue, thereby correcting the consequences of pathological or insufficient cardiolipin remodeling. In this regard, an urgent task of biomedicine is to study the mechanism of action of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants effective in the treatment of age-related pathologies and capable of accumulating not only in vitro, but also in vivo in the cardiolipin-enriched membrane fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - T S Putyatina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - V V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O V Yamskova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Lyubetsky
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - E V Sorokina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S I Shram
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A V Markov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M Y Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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19
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Sabbah HN. Targeting the Mitochondria in Heart Failure: A Translational Perspective. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:88-106. [PMID: 32043022 PMCID: PMC7000886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burden of heart failure (HF) in terms of health care expenditures, hospitalizations, and mortality is substantial and growing. The failing heart has been described as "energy-deprived" and mitochondrial dysfunction is a driving force associated with this energy supply-demand imbalance. Existing HF therapies provide symptomatic and longevity benefit by reducing cardiac workload through heart rate reduction and reduction of preload and afterload but do not address the underlying causes of abnormal myocardial energetic nor directly target mitochondrial abnormalities. Numerous studies in animal models of HF as well as myocardial tissue from explanted failed human hearts have shown that the failing heart manifests abnormalities of mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and function that lead to a marked increase in the formation of damaging reactive oxygen species and a marked reduction in on demand adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Correcting mitochondrial dysfunction therefore offers considerable potential as a new therapeutic approach to improve overall cardiac function, quality of life, and survival for patients with HF.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CI (to V), complex I (to V)
- Drp, dynamin-related protein
- ETC, electron transport chain
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- LV, left ventricular
- MPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- Mfn, mitofusin
- OPA, optic atrophy
- PGC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator
- PINK, phosphatase and tensin homolog–inducible kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAZ, tafazzin
- cardiolipin
- heart failure
- mitochondria
- mtDNA, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid
- myocardial energetics
- oxidative phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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20
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Lipidomics Detection of Brain Cardiolipins in Plasma Is Associated With Outcome After Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:e292-e300. [PMID: 30855329 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain mitochondrial dysfunction limits neurologic recovery after cardiac arrest. Brain polyunsaturated cardiolipins, mitochondria-unique and functionally essential phospholipids, have unprecedented diversification. Since brain cardiolipins are not present in plasma normally, we hypothesized their appearance would correlate with brain injury severity early after cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation. DESIGN Observational case-control study. SETTING Two medical centers within one city. PARTICIPANTS (SUBJECTS) We enrolled 41 adult cardiac arrest patients in whom blood could be obtained within 6 hours of resuscitation. Two subjects were excluded following outlier analysis. Ten healthy subjects were controls. Sprague-Dawley rats were used in asphyxial cardiac arrest studies. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We developed a high-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method and determined cardiolipins speciation in human brain, heart, and plasma within 6 hours of (return of spontaneous circulation) from 39 patients with cardiac arrest, 5 with myocardial infarction, and 10 healthy controls. Cerebral score was derived from brain-specific cardiolipins identified in plasma of patients with varying neurologic injury and outcome. Using a rat model of cardiac arrest, cardiolipins were quantified in plasma, brain, and heart. Human brain exhibited a highly diverse cardiolipinome compared with heart that allowed the identification of brain-specific cardiolipins. Nine of 26 brain-specific cardiolipins were detected in plasma and correlated with brain injury. The cerebral score correlated with early neurologic injury and predicted discharge neurologic/functional outcome. Cardiolipin (70:5) emerged as a potential point-of-care marker predicting injury severity and outcome. In rat cardiac arrest, a significant reduction in hippocampal cardiolipins corresponded to their release from the brain into systemic circulation. Cerebral score was significantly increased in 10 minutes versus 5 minutes no-flow cardiac arrest and naïve controls. CONCLUSIONS Brain-specific cardiolipins accumulate in plasma early after return of spontaneous circulation and proportional to neurologic injury representing a promising novel biomarker.
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21
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Myocardial Adaptation in Pseudohypoxia: Signaling and Regulation of mPTP via Mitochondrial Connexin 43 and Cardiolipin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111449. [PMID: 31744200 PMCID: PMC6912244 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies intended to mitigate cardiovascular complications cannot be applied in practice without detailed knowledge of molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria, as the end-effector of cardioprotection, represent one of the possible therapeutic approaches. The present review provides an overview of factors affecting the regulation processes of mitochondria at the level of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) resulting in comprehensive myocardial protection. The regulation of mPTP seems to be an important part of the mechanisms for maintaining the energy equilibrium of the heart under pathological conditions. Mitochondrial connexin 43 is involved in the regulation process by inhibition of mPTP opening. These individual cardioprotective mechanisms can be interconnected in the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulting in the maintenance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. In this context, the degree of mitochondrial membrane fluidity appears to be a key factor in the preservation of ATP synthase rotation required for ATP formation. Moreover, changes in the composition of the cardiolipin’s structure in the mitochondrial membrane can significantly affect the energy system under unfavorable conditions. This review aims to elucidate functional and structural changes of cardiac mitochondria subjected to preconditioning, with an emphasis on signaling pathways leading to mitochondrial energy maintenance during partial oxygen deprivation.
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22
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Miklas JW, Clark E, Levy S, Detraux D, Leonard A, Beussman K, Showalter MR, Smith AT, Hofsteen P, Yang X, Macadangdang J, Manninen T, Raftery D, Madan A, Suomalainen A, Kim DH, Murry CE, Fiehn O, Sniadecki NJ, Wang Y, Ruohola-Baker H. TFPa/HADHA is required for fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiolipin re-modeling in human cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4671. [PMID: 31604922 PMCID: PMC6789043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, due to mutations in hydratase subunit A (HADHA), results in sudden infant death syndrome with no cure. To reveal the disease etiology, we generated stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from HADHA-deficient hiPSCs and accelerated their maturation via an engineered microRNA maturation cocktail that upregulated the epigenetic regulator, HOPX. Here we report, matured HADHA mutant cardiomyocytes treated with an endogenous mixture of fatty acids manifest the disease phenotype: defective calcium dynamics and repolarization kinetics which results in a pro-arrhythmic state. Single cell RNA-seq reveals a cardiomyocyte developmental intermediate, based on metabolic gene expression. This intermediate gives rise to mature-like cardiomyocytes in control cells but, mutant cells transition to a pathological state with reduced fatty acid beta-oxidation, reduced mitochondrial proton gradient, disrupted cristae structure and defective cardiolipin remodeling. This study reveals that HADHA (tri-functional protein alpha), a monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-like enzyme, is required for fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiolipin remodeling, essential for functional mitochondria in human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Miklas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elisa Clark
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shiri Levy
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Damien Detraux
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Beussman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alec T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter Hofsteen
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anup Madan
- Covance Genomics Laboratory, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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23
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Kappler L, Kollipara L, Lehmann R, Sickmann A. Investigating the Role of Mitochondria in Type 2 Diabetes - Lessons from Lipidomics and Proteomics Studies of Skeletal Muscle and Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:143-182. [PMID: 31452140 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed as a key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), a highly prevalent disease rapidly developing as one of the greatest global health challenges of this century. Data however about the involvement of mitochondria, central hubs in bioenergetic processes, in the disease development are still controversial. Lipid and protein homeostasis are under intense discussion to be crucial for proper mitochondrial function. Consequently proteomics and lipidomics analyses might help to understand how molecular changes in mitochondria translate to alterations in energy transduction as observed in the healthy and metabolic diseases such as T2Dm and other related disorders. Mitochondrial lipids integrated in a tool covering proteomic and functional analyses were up to now rarely investigated, although mitochondrial lipids might provide a possible lynchpin in the understanding of type 2 diabetes development and thereby prevention. In this chapter state-of-the-art analytical strategies, pre-analytical aspects, potential pitfalls as well as current proteomics and lipidomics-based knowledge about the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kappler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laxmikanth Kollipara
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany. .,Medical Proteome Centre, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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24
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Pennington ER, Sullivan EM, Fix A, Dadoo S, Zeczycki TN, DeSantis A, Schlattner U, Coleman RA, Chicco AJ, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. Proteolipid domains form in biomimetic and cardiac mitochondrial vesicles and are regulated by cardiolipin concentration but not monolyso-cardiolipin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15933-15946. [PMID: 30158245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an anionic phospholipid mainly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it helps regulate bioenergetics, membrane structure, and apoptosis. Localized, phase-segregated domains of CL are hypothesized to control mitochondrial inner membrane organization. However, the existence and underlying mechanisms regulating these mitochondrial domains are unclear. Here, we first isolated detergent-resistant cardiac mitochondrial membranes that have been reported to be CL-enriched domains. Experiments with different detergents yielded only nonspecific solubilization of mitochondrial phospholipids, suggesting that CL domains are not recoverable with detergents. Next, domain formation was investigated in biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and newly synthesized giant mitochondrial vesicles (GMVs) from mouse hearts. Confocal fluorescent imaging revealed that introduction of cytochrome c into membranes promotes macroscopic proteolipid domain formation associated with membrane morphological changes in both GUVs and GMVs. Domain organization was also investigated after lowering tetralinoleoyl-CL concentration and substitution with monolyso-CL, two common modifications observed in cardiac pathologies. Loss of tetralinoleoyl-CL decreased proteolipid domain formation in GUVs, because of a favorable Gibbs-free energy of lipid mixing, whereas addition of monolyso-CL had no effect on lipid mixing. Moreover, murine GMVs generated from cardiac acyl-CoA synthetase-1 knockouts, which have remodeled CL acyl chains, did not perturb proteolipid domains. Finally, lowering the tetralinoleoyl-CL content had a stronger influence on the oxidation status of cytochrome c than did incorporation of monolyso-CL. These results indicate that proteolipid domain formation in the cardiac mitochondrial inner membrane depends on tetralinoleoyl-CL concentration, driven by underlying lipid-mixing properties, but not the presence of monolyso-CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ross Pennington
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834.,the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - E Madison Sullivan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Amy Fix
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Sahil Dadoo
- the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Anita DeSantis
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- the University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam J Chicco
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and
| | - David A Brown
- the Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,
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25
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Paradies G, Paradies V, Ruggiero FM, Petrosillo G. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and cardiolipin alterations in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: implications for pharmacological cardioprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1341-H1352. [PMID: 30095969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Increased reactive oxygen species production, impaired electron transport chain activity, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, Ca2+ overload, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore have been proposed as major contributory factors to mitochondrial dysfunction during myocardial I/R injury. Cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, plays a pivotal role in multiple mitochondrial bioenergetic processes, including respiration and energy conversion, in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics as well as in several steps of the apoptotic process. Changes in CL levels, species composition, and degree of oxidation may have deleterious consequences for mitochondrial function with important implications in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, including myocardial I/R injury. In this review, we focus on the role played by CL alterations in mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial I/R injury. Pharmacological strategies to prevent myocardial injury during I/R targeting mitochondrial CL are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paradies
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | | | - Francesca Maria Ruggiero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petrosillo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council , Bari , Italy
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26
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How cardiolipin peroxidation alters the properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane? Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 214:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Abstract
Disturbances in cardiac metabolism underlie most cardiovascular diseases. Metabolomics, one of the newer omics technologies, has emerged as a powerful tool for defining changes in both global and cardiac-specific metabolism that occur across a spectrum of cardiovascular disease states. Findings from metabolomics studies have contributed to better understanding of the metabolic changes that occur in heart failure and ischemic heart disease and have identified new cardiovascular disease biomarkers. As technologies advance, the metabolomics field continues to evolve rapidly. In this review, we will discuss the current state of metabolomics technologies, including consideration of various metabolomics platforms and elements of study design; the emerging utility of stable isotopes for metabolic flux studies; and the use of metabolomics to better understand specific cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- From the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (R.W.M., S.B.C., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology (R.W.M., S.H.S.)
- Department of Medicine (R.W.M., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
| | - Scott B Crown
- From the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (R.W.M., S.B.C., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- From the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (R.W.M., S.B.C., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
- Division of Endocrinology (G.F.Z., C.B.N.)
- Department of Medicine (R.W.M., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
| | - Svati H Shah
- From the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (R.W.M., S.B.C., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology (R.W.M., S.H.S.)
- Department of Medicine (R.W.M., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- From the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (R.W.M., S.B.C., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
- Division of Endocrinology (G.F.Z., C.B.N.)
- Department of Medicine (R.W.M., G.F.Z., S.H.S., C.B.N.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (C.B.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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28
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Sullivan EM, Pennington ER, Sparagna GC, Torres MJ, Neufer PD, Harris M, Washington J, Anderson EJ, Zeczycki TN, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. Docosahexaenoic acid lowers cardiac mitochondrial enzyme activity by replacing linoleic acid in the phospholipidome. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:466-483. [PMID: 29162722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.812834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chains regulate respiratory enzymatic activity. In several diseases, the rodent cardiac phospholipidome is extensively rearranged; however, whether specific acyl chains impair respiratory enzyme function is unknown. One unique remodeling event in the myocardium of obese and diabetic rodents is an increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. Here, we first confirmed that cardiac DHA levels are elevated in diabetic humans relative to controls. We then used dietary supplementation of a Western diet with DHA as a tool to promote cardiac acyl chain remodeling and to study its influence on respiratory enzyme function. DHA extensively remodeled the acyl chains of cardiolipin (CL), mono-lyso CL, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Moreover, DHA lowered enzyme activities of respiratory complexes I, IV, V, and I+III. Mechanistically, the reduction in enzymatic activities were not driven by a dramatic reduction in the abundance of supercomplexes. Instead, replacement of tetralinoleoyl-CL with tetradocosahexaenoyl-CL in biomimetic membranes prevented formation of phospholipid domains that regulate enzyme activity. Tetradocosahexaenoyl-CL inhibited domain organization due to favorable Gibbs free energy of phospholipid mixing. Furthermore, in vitro substitution of tetralinoleoyl-CL with tetradocosahexaenoyl-CL blocked complex-IV binding. Finally, reintroduction of linoleic acid, via fusion of phospholipid vesicles to mitochondria isolated from DHA-fed mice, rescued the major losses in the mitochondrial phospholipidome and complexes I, IV, and V activities. Altogether, our results show that replacing linoleic acid with DHA lowers select cardiac enzyme activities by potentially targeting domain organization and phospholipid-protein binding, which has implications for the ongoing debate about polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Madison Sullivan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, and
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, and.,the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, and.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Mitchel Harris
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - James Washington
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, and
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, and
| | - David A Brown
- the Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, and.,the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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29
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Münzel T, Camici GG, Maack C, Bonetti NR, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature: Part 2 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:212-229. [PMID: 28683969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease and heart failure impart an enormous burden in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Although there are many different causes of cardiac and vascular disease, most causes share an important pathological mechanism: oxidative stress. In the failing heart, oxidative stress occurs in the myocardium and correlates with left ventricular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively affect myocardial calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and contribute to cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling, apoptosis, and necrosis. Similarly, oxidative balance in the vasculature is tightly regulated by a wealth of pro- and antioxidant systems that orchestrate region-specific ROS production and removal. Reactive oxygen species also regulate multiple vascular cell functions, including endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth, proliferation, and migration; angiogenesis; apoptosis; vascular tone; host defenses; and genomic stability. However, excessive levels of ROS promote vascular disease through direct and irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules, as well as disruption of redox-dependent vascular wall signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology Mainz, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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30
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Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q, Hoppel CL. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Aging Heart. Circ Res 2017; 118:1593-611. [PMID: 27174952 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial metabolism is the underlying basis for the increased sensitivity in the aged heart to stress. The aged heart exhibits impaired metabolic flexibility, with a decreased capacity to oxidize fatty acids and enhanced dependence on glucose metabolism. Aging impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with a greater role played by the mitochondria located between the myofibrils, the interfibrillar mitochondria. With aging, there is a decrease in activity of complexes III and IV, which account for the decrease in respiration. Furthermore, aging decreases mitochondrial content among the myofibrils. The end result is that in the interfibrillar area, there is ≈50% decrease in mitochondrial function, affecting all substrates. The defective mitochondria persist in the aged heart, leading to enhanced oxidant production and oxidative injury and the activation of oxidant signaling for cell death. Aging defects in mitochondria represent new therapeutic targets, whether by manipulation of the mitochondrial proteome, modulation of electron transport, activation of biogenesis or mitophagy, or the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion. These mechanisms provide new ways to attenuate cardiac disease in elders by preemptive treatment of age-related defects, in contrast to the treatment of disease-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Lesnefsky
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qun Chen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Membrane Lipid Replacement for chronic illnesses, aging and cancer using oral glycerolphospholipid formulations with fructooligosaccharides to restore phospholipid function in cellular membranes, organelles, cells and tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1704-1724. [PMID: 28432031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement is the use of functional, oral supplements containing mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, plus fructooligosaccharides (for protection against oxidative, bile acid and enzymatic damage) and antioxidants, in order to safely replace damaged, oxidized, membrane phospholipids and restore membrane, organelle, cellular and organ function. Defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions, including cancer, and normal processes, such as aging. Once the replacement glycerolphospholipids have been ingested, dispersed, complexed and transported, while being protected by fructooligosaccharides and several natural mechanisms, they can be inserted into cell membranes, lipoproteins, lipid globules, lipid droplets, liposomes and other carriers. They are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes. Inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules, liposomes, membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer. Eventually they arrive at their membrane destinations due to 'bulk flow' principles, and there they can stimulate the natural removal and replacement of damaged membrane lipids while undergoing further enzymatic alterations. Clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients. Recently Membrane Lipid Replacement has been used to reduce pain and other symptoms as well as removing hydrophobic chemical contaminants, suggesting that there are additional new uses for this safe, natural medicine supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4SG, UK
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Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q, Tandler B, Hoppel CL. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion: Implications for Novel Therapies. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 57:535-565. [PMID: 27860548 PMCID: PMC11060135 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as key participants in and regulators of myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. This review examines the sites of damage to cardiac mitochondria during ischemia and focuses on the impact of these defects. The concept that mitochondrial damage during ischemia leads to cardiac injury during reperfusion is addressed. The mechanisms that translate ischemic mitochondrial injury into cellular damage, during both ischemia and early reperfusion, are examined. Next, we discuss strategies that modulate and counteract these mechanisms of mitochondrial-driven injury. The new concept that mitochondria are not merely stochastic sites of oxidative and calcium-mediated injury but that they activate cellular responses of mitochondrial remodeling and cellular reactions that modulate the balance between cell death and recovery is reviewed, and the therapeutic implications of this concept are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; ,
- Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249;
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; ,
| | - Bernard Tandler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:451-464. [PMID: 28551802 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the prime source of ATP in cardiomyocytes. Impairment of mitochondrial metabolism results in damage to existing proteins and DNA. Such deleterious effects are part and parcel of the aging process, reducing the ability of cardiomyocytes to counter stress, such as myocardial infarction and consequent reperfusion. In such conditions, mitochondria in the heart of aged individuals exhibit decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production, and increased net reactive oxygen species production; all of these effects are independent of the decrease in number of mitochondria that occurs in these situations. Rather than being associated with the mitochondrial population in toto, these defects are almost exclusively confined to those organelles positioned between myofibrils (interfibrillar mitochondria). It is in complex III and IV where these dysfunctional aspects are manifested. In an apparent effort to correct mitochondrial metabolic defects, affected organelles are to some extent eliminated by mitophagy; at the same time, new, unaffected organelles are generated by fission of mitochondria. Because these cardiac health issues are localized to specific mitochondria, these organelles offer potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could favorably affect the aging process in heart.
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Brown DA, Perry JB, Allen ME, Sabbah HN, Stauffer BL, Shaikh SR, Cleland JGF, Colucci WS, Butler J, Voors AA, Anker SD, Pitt B, Pieske B, Filippatos G, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M. Expert consensus document: Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 14:238-250. [PMID: 28004807 PMCID: PMC5350035 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a pressing worldwide public-health problem with millions of patients having worsening heart failure. Despite all the available therapies, the condition carries a very poor prognosis. Existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, but do not fully address molecular abnormalities that occur in cardiomyocytes. This shortcoming is particularly important given that most patients with heart failure have viable dysfunctional myocardium, in which an improvement or normalization of function might be possible. Although the pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be an important target for therapy to improve cardiac function directly. Mitochondrial abnormalities include impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, shifted metabolic substrate utilization, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, and altered ion homeostasis. In this Consensus Statement, insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure are presented, along with an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to improve the function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, B139, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart &Lung Institute, National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton &Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, C-8, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Center, T-16 Room 080, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, and German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kopodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road Suite 7400, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 201 East Huron, Galter 3-150, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Chao YJ, Chan JF, Hsu YHH. Chemotherapy Drug Induced Discoordination of Mitochondrial Life Cycle Detected by Cardiolipin Fluctuation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162457. [PMID: 27627658 PMCID: PMC5023183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs have been prescribed for the systemic treatment of cancer. We selected three chemotherapy drugs, including methotrexate, mitomycine C and vincristine to inhibit the proliferation of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells in S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle respectively. These chemotherapy drugs showed significant toxicity and growth inhibition to the cancer cells measured by MTT assay. After treated with a 50% inhibitory dosage for 48 hours, these cancer cells showed significant accumulation of cardiolipin (CL), which was a reverse trend of the nutritional deficiency induced arrest at G1 phase. The quantity of each CL species was further semi-quantitated by HPLC-ion trap mass spectrometer. Methotraxate treatment caused unique increases of acyl chain length on CL, which were the opposite of the serum starvation, mitomycine C and vincristine treatments. Although mitomycine C and vincristine have different mechanisms to induce cell cycle arrest, these two drugs displayed similar effects on decreasing chain length of CL. Continuation of CL synthesis during cell cycle arrest indicated the chemotherapy drugs resulting in the discoordination of the mitochondrial life cycle from the cell cycle and thus caused the accumulation of CL. These finding reveals that the pre-remodeling nascent CL accumulates during the methotraxate induced arrest; however, the post-remodeling mature CL accumulates during the mitomycine C and vincristine induced arrest after the synthesis phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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See Hoe LE, May LT, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Sarcolemmal dependence of cardiac protection and stress-resistance: roles in aged or diseased hearts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2966-91. [PMID: 27439627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane is a defining feature of oncotic death in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), and its molecular makeup not only fundamentally governs this process but also affects multiple determinants of both myocardial I-R injury and responsiveness to cardioprotective stimuli. Beyond the influences of membrane lipids on the cytoprotective (and death) receptors intimately embedded within this bilayer, myocardial ionic homeostasis, substrate metabolism, intercellular communication and electrical conduction are all sensitive to sarcolemmal makeup, and critical to outcomes from I-R. As will be outlined in this review, these crucial sarcolemmal dependencies may underlie not only the negative effects of age and common co-morbidities on myocardial ischaemic tolerance but also the on-going challenge of implementing efficacious cardioprotection in patients suffering accidental or surgically induced I-R. We review evidence for the involvement of sarcolemmal makeup changes in the impairment of stress-resistance and cardioprotection observed with ageing and highly prevalent co-morbid conditions including diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. A greater understanding of membrane changes with age/disease, and the inter-dependences of ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection on sarcolemmal makeup, can facilitate the development of strategies to preserve membrane integrity and cell viability, and advance the challenging goal of implementing efficacious 'cardioprotection' in clinically relevant patient cohorts. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Targeting fatty acid metabolism in heart failure: is it a suitable therapeutic approach? Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1003-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Jhun BS, Mishra J, Monaco S, Fu D, Jiang W, Sheu SS, O-Uchi J. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter: regulation by auxiliary subunits and signal transduction pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C67-80. [PMID: 27122161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00319.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis, the Ca(2+) influx-efflux balance, is responsible for the control of numerous cellular functions, including energy metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species, spatiotemporal dynamics of Ca(2+) signaling, and cell growth and death. Recent discovery of the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) provides new possibilities for application of genetic approaches to study the mitochondrial Ca(2+) influx mechanism in various cell types and tissues. In addition, the subsequent discovery of various auxiliary subunits associated with MCU suggests that mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is not solely regulated by a single protein (MCU), but likely by a macromolecular protein complex, referred to as the MCU-protein complex (mtCUC). Moreover, recent reports have shown the potential role of MCU posttranslational modifications in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake through mtCUC. These observations indicate that mtCUCs form a local signaling complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane that could significantly regulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling, as well as numerous mitochondrial and cellular functions. In this review we discuss the current literature on mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake mechanisms, with a particular focus on the structure and function of mtCUC, as well as its regulation by signal transduction pathways, highlighting current controversies and discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Sook Jhun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Jyotsna Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Monaco
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deming Fu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jin O-Uchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
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Serrano JCE, Cassanye A, Martín-Gari M, Granado-Serrano AB, Portero-Otín M. Effect of Dietary Bioactive Compounds on Mitochondrial and Metabolic Flexibility. Diseases 2016; 4:diseases4010014. [PMID: 28933394 PMCID: PMC5456301 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the capacity of an organism to adequately respond to changes in the environment, such as nutritional input, energetic demand, etc. An important player in the capacity of adaptation through different stages of metabolic demands is the mitochondrion. In this context, mitochondrial dysfunction has been attributed to be the onset and center of many chronic diseases, which are denoted by an inability to adapt fuel preferences and induce mitochondrial morphological changes to respond to metabolic demands, such as mitochondrial number, structure and function. Several nutritional interventions have shown the capacity to induce changes in mitochondrial biogenesis/degradation, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, mitochondrial membrane composition, electron transfer chain capacity, etc., in metabolic inflexibility states that may open new target options and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds for the treatment of metabolic diseases. This review is focused in three well-recognized food bioactive compounds that modulate insulin sensitivity, polyphenols, ω-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber, by several mechanism of action, like caloric restriction properties and inflammatory environment modulation, both closely related to mitochondrial function and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C E Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Anna Cassanye
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Martín-Gari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Ana Belen Granado-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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Akhmedov AT, Rybin V, Marín-García J. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and uncoupling proteins in the failing heart. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 20:227-49. [PMID: 25192828 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cardiovascular medicine, myocardial ischemia and infarction, progressing eventually to the final end point heart failure (HF), remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. HF is a complex syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment in ventricular filling or blood ejection. Ultimately, the heart's inability to supply the body's tissues with enough blood may lead to death. Mechanistically, the hallmarks of the failing heart include abnormal energy metabolism, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defects in excitation-contraction coupling. HF is a highly dynamic pathological process, and observed alterations in cardiac metabolism and function depend on the disease progression. In the early stages, cardiac remodeling characterized by normal or slightly increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation plays a compensatory, cardioprotective role. However, upon progression of HF, FA oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative activity are decreased, resulting in a significant drop in cardiac ATP levels. In HF, as a compensatory response to decreased oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake and glycolysis are upregulated, but this upregulation is not sufficient to compensate for a drop in ATP production. Elevated mitochondrial ROS generation and ROS-mediated damage, when they overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce heart injury and contribute to the progression of HF. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), which promote proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, have emerged as essential regulators of mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory activity and ROS generation. Although the physiological role of UCP2 and UCP3, expressed in the heart, has not been clearly established, increasing evidence suggests that these proteins by promoting mild uncoupling could reduce mitochondrial ROS generation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ameliorate thereby myocardial function. Further investigation on the alterations in cardiac UCP activity and regulation will advance our understanding of their physiological roles in the healthy and diseased heart and also may facilitate the development of novel and more efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Akhmedov
- The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, Highland Park, NJ, 08904, USA
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Acquired deficiency of tafazzin in the adult heart: Impact on mitochondrial function and response to cardiac injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:294-300. [PMID: 26692032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The content and composition of cardiolipin (CL) is critical for preservation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and inner membrane integrity. Tafazzin (Taz) is an enzyme responsible for remodeling of immature CL containing mixed acyl groups into the mature tetralinoleyl form (C18:2)4-CL. We hypothesized that acquired defects in Taz in the mature heart would impact remodeling of CL and augment cardiac injury. The role of acquired Taz deficiency was studied using the inducible Taz knockdown (TazKD) mouse. Taz-specific shRNA is induced by doxycycline (DOX). One day of DOX intake decreased Taz mRNA in the heart to 20% vs. DOX-treated WT. Knockdown was initiated at an adult age and was stable during long term feeding. CL phenotype was assessed by (C18:2)4-CL content and was reduced 40% vs. WT at two months of DOX. TazKD showed increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased susceptibility to permeability transition pore opening at baseline. However, OXPHOS measured using the rate of oxygen consumption was unchanged in the setting of acquired Taz deficiency. Infarct size, measured in isolated buffer-perfused Langendorff hearts following 25min. Stop flow ischemia and 60min. Reperfusion was not altered in TazKD hearts. Thus, impaired Taz-function with onset at adult age does not enhance susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Paradies G, Paradies V, Ruggiero FM, Petrosillo G. Cardiolipin alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in heart ischemia/reperfusion injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Banerjee R, Bultman SJ, Holley D, Hillhouse C, Bain JR, Newgard CB, Muehlbauer MJ, Willis MS. Non-targeted metabolomics of Brg1/Brm double-mutant cardiomyocytes reveals a novel role for SWI/SNF complexes in metabolic homeostasis. Metabolomics 2015; 11:1287-1301. [PMID: 26392817 PMCID: PMC4574504 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes utilize either BRG1 or Brm as alternative catalytic subunits to alter the position of nucleosomes and regulate gene expression. Genetic studies have demonstrated that SWI/SNF complexes are required during cardiac development and also protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, Brm constitutive null mutants do not exhibit a cardiomyocyte phenotype and inducible Brg1 conditional mutations in cardiomyocyte do not demonstrate differences until stressed with transverse aortic constriction, where they exhibit a reduction in cardiac hypertrophy. We recently demonstrated the overlapping functions of Brm and Brg1 in vascular endothelial cells and sought here to test if this overlapping function occurred in cardiomyocytes. Brg1/Brm double mutants died within 21 days of severe cardiac dysfunction associated with glycogen accumulation and mitochondrial defects based on histological and ultrastructural analyses. To determine the underlying defects, we performed nontargeted metabolomics analysis of cardiac tissue by GC/MS from a line of Brg1/Brm double-mutant mice, which lack both Brg1 and Brm in cardiomyocytes in an inducible manner, and two groups of controls. Metabolites contributing most significantly to the differences between Brg1/Brm double-mutant and control-group hearts were then determined using the variable importance in projection analysis. Increased cardiac linoleic acid and oleic acid suggest alterations in fatty acid utilization or intake are perturbed in Brg1/Brm double mutants. Conversely, decreased glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and myoinositol suggest that glycolysis and glycogen formation are impaired. These novel metabolomics findings provide insight into SWI/SNF-regulated metabolic pathways and will guide mechanistic studies evaluating the role of SWI/SNF complexes in homeostasis and cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Banerjee
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott J. Bultman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darcy Holley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Hillhouse
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James R. Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monte S. Willis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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44
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Carnevale ML, Bergdahl A. Study of the anti-angiogenic effects of cardiolipin by the aortic ring assay. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26221998 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), a phospholipid found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in all cell types, is critical for the function of the electron transport chain. The role of CL is not fully understood, but it is assumed that the molecule maintains membrane potential and architecture and compensates for alterations in homeostasis that could affect the energy metabolism. The objective of this project was to determine the effects of increasing CL concentrations on angiogenic sprouting by using the aortic ring assay model. For this, 5-day-old C57Bl/6 pups were euthanized by cervical dislocation prior to removal of the aortas. The vessels were cleaned, cut in 0.5 mm wide rings, and placed in a collagen growth matrix supplemented with CL. The results revealed a highly significant reduction of sprout growth (both length and quantity) at low, physiological concentrations. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that CL significantly reduces microvessel formation and that it could potentially provide an interesting novel therapeutic target for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Carnevale
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Andreas Bergdahl
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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45
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Reynolds S. Successful management of Barth syndrome: a systematic review highlighting the importance of a flexible and multidisciplinary approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015; 8:345-58. [PMID: 26251611 PMCID: PMC4524586 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s54802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes and summarizes the available evidence related to the treatment and management of Barth syndrome. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to identify articles published between December 2004 and January 2015. The Cochrane Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) approach was used to guide the article selection and evaluation process. Of the 128 articles screened, 28 articles matched the systematic review inclusion criteria. The results of this review indicate the need for a flexible and multidisciplinary approach to manage the symptoms most commonly associated with Barth syndrome. It is recommended that a comprehensive care team should include individuals with Barth syndrome, their family members and caregivers, as well as medical, rehabilitative, nutritional, psychological, and educational professionals. The evidence for specific treatments, therapies, and techniques for individuals with Barth syndrome is currently lacking in both quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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46
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Mohammadyani D, Angeli JPF, Baranov SV, Klein-Seetharaman J, Friedlander RM, Mallampalli RK, Conrad M, Bayir H. Cardiolipin signaling mechanisms: collapse of asymmetry and oxidation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1667-80. [PMID: 25566681 PMCID: PMC4486147 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An ancient anionic phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), ubiquitously present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic membranes, is essential for several structural and functional purposes. RECENT ADVANCES The emerging role of CLs in signaling has become the focus of many studies. CRITICAL ISSUES In this work, we describe two major pathways through which mitochondrial CLs may fulfill the signaling functions via utilization of their (i) asymmetric distribution across membranes and translocations, leading to the surface externalization and (ii) ability to undergo oxidation reactions to yield the signature products recognizable by the executionary machinery of cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We present a concept that CLs and their oxidation/hydrolysis products constitute a rich communication language utilized by mitochondria of eukaryotic cells for diversified regulation of cell physiology and metabolism as well as for inter-cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dariush Mohammadyani
- 5Department of Bioengineering, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- 6Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergei V Baranov
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- 8Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rama K Mallampalli
- 9Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcus Conrad
- 6Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hülya Bayir
- 10Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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47
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Escribá PV, Busquets X, Inokuchi JI, Balogh G, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Membrane lipid therapy: Modulation of the cell membrane composition and structure as a molecular base for drug discovery and new disease treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:38-53. [PMID: 25969421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays we understand cell membranes not as a simple double lipid layer but as a collection of complex and dynamic protein-lipid structures and microdomains that serve as functional platforms for interacting signaling lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids and lipid structures participate directly as messengers or regulators of signal transduction. In addition, protein-lipid interactions participate in the localization of signaling protein partners to specific membrane microdomains. Thus, lipid alterations change cell signaling that are associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. This article reviews the newly emerging field of membrane lipid therapy which involves the pharmacological regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure for the treatment of diseases. Membrane lipid therapy proposes the use of new molecules specifically designed to modify membrane lipid structures and microdomains as pharmaceutical disease-modifying agents by reversing the malfunction or altering the expression of disease-specific protein or lipid signal cascades. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of this emerging field, especially its molecular bases and its relevance to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jin-ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Horváth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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48
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids incorporation into cardiolipin in H9c2 cardiac myoblast. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:769-75. [PMID: 25866137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), known as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), are common nutrients in daily food intake and have been shown to prevent cardiovascular disease and improve cardiac functions. Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial phospholipid necessary for maintaining physiological function of mitochondria. Several studies have indicated that the cardiolipin acyl chain compositions affect the function of cardiolipin and mitochondria. Here, we investigated the structural changes of cardiolipin after DHA and EPA supplementation and compared them to arachidonic acid (AA) treatment. H9c2 cardiac myoblast was used as a cell model, and cardiolipin species was monitored and identified via LC-MS and MS/MS. Our results showed distinct mass envelopes of cardiolipin with the same carbon number but different double bonds in mass spectrum. There were 116 cardiolipin species with 36 distinct mass in 6 mass envelopes identified by MS/MS. Three days of PUFA treatment resulted in decreases of low-molecular-weight cardiolipin and increases of high-molecular-weight cardiolipin, suggesting the incorporation of exogenous DHA, EPA and AA into mitochondrial cardiolipin. PUFA incorporation was further verified by MS/MS analysis. More importantly, we found that DHA supplementation elevated the percent content of less unsaturated cardiolipin species and highly unsaturated cardiolipin species, containing ω-3 fatty acyl chains, indicating a ω-3 fatty acid incorporation mechanism with peroxidation protection. Our results indicate that PUFA supplementation differentially perturbed the fatty acyl chain compositions in the mitochondrial cardiolipin in the H9c2 cardiac myoblast, suggesting that mitochondrial membrane and the function of mitochondria are susceptible to exogenous lipid species.
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49
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Li XX, Tsoi B, Li YF, Kurihara H, He RR. Cardiolipin and its different properties in mitophagy and apoptosis. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:301-11. [PMID: 25673287 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415574818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique dimeric phospholipid that exists almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) in eukaryotic cells. Two chiral carbons and four fatty acyl chains in CL result in a flexible body allowing interactions with respiratory chain complexes and mitochondrial substrate carriers. Due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, CL is particularly prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative attacks. Under mild mitochondrial damage, CL is redistributed to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and serves as a recognition signal for dysfunctional mitochondria, which are rapidly sequestered by autophagosomes. However, peroxidation of CL is far greater in response to severe stress than under normal or mild-damage conditions. The accumulation of oxidized CL on the OMM results in recruitment of Bax and formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), which releases Cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria. Over the past decade, the significance of CL in the function of mitochondrial bioenergy has been explored. Moreover, approaches to analyzing CL have become more effective and accurate. In this review, we discuss the unique structural features of CL as well as the current understanding of CL-based molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Li
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (XXL, BT, YFL, HK, RRH)
| | - Bun Tsoi
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (XXL, BT, YFL, HK, RRH)
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (XXL, BT, YFL, HK, RRH)
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (XXL, BT, YFL, HK, RRH)
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (XXL, BT, YFL, HK, RRH)
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50
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Lu YW, Claypool SM. Disorders of phospholipid metabolism: an emerging class of mitochondrial disease due to defects in nuclear genes. Front Genet 2015; 6:3. [PMID: 25691889 PMCID: PMC4315098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes co-exist within each cell. While the mitochondrial genome encodes for a limited number of proteins, transfer RNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, the vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome. Of the multitude of mitochondrial disorders known to date, only a fifth are maternally inherited. The recent characterization of the mitochondrial proteome therefore serves as an important step toward delineating the nosology of a large spectrum of phenotypically heterogeneous diseases. Following the identification of the first nuclear gene defect to underlie a mitochondrial disorder, a plenitude of genetic variants that provoke mitochondrial pathophysiology have been molecularly elucidated and classified into six categories that impact: (1) oxidative phosphorylation (subunits and assembly factors); (2) mitochondrial DNA maintenance and expression; (3) mitochondrial protein import and assembly; (4) mitochondrial quality control (chaperones and proteases); (5) iron–sulfur cluster homeostasis; and (6) mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion). Here, we propose that an additional class of genetic variant be included in the classification schema to acknowledge the role of genetic defects in phospholipid biosynthesis, remodeling, and metabolism in mitochondrial pathophysiology. This seventh class includes a small but notable group of nuclear-encoded proteins whose dysfunction impacts normal mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism. The resulting human disorders present with a diverse array of pathologic consequences that reflect the variety of functions that phospholipids have in mitochondria and highlight the important role of proper membrane homeostasis in mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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