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Yun M, Regen ND, Anchondo Y, Eddinger K, Malkmus S, Roberts SW, Donati E, Leonardi A, Yaksh TL. Acetaminophen effects upon formalin-evoked flinching, postformalin, and postincisional allodynia and conditioned place preference. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1168. [PMID: 39139364 PMCID: PMC11321755 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We explored in mice, the analgesic, tolerance, dependency, and rewarding effects of systemic acetaminophen (APAP). Methods Studies employed adult mice (C57Bl6). (1) Intraplantar formalin flinching + post formalin allodynia. Mice were given intraperitoneal APAP in a DMSO (5%)/Tween 80 (5%) or a water-based formulation before formalin flinching on day 1 and tactile thresholds assessed before and after APAP at day 12. (2) Paw incision. At 24 hours and 8 days after hind paw incision in male mice, effects of intraperitoneal APAP on tactile allodynia were assessed. (3) Repeated delivery. Mice received daily (4 days) analgesic doses of APAP or vehicle and tested upon formalin flinching on day 5. (4) Conditioned place preference. For 3 consecutive days, vehicle was given in the morning in either of 2 chambers and in each afternoon, an analgesic dose of morphine or APAP in the other chamber. On days 5 and 10, animals were allowed to select a "preferred" chamber. Results Formalin in male mice resulted in biphasic flinching and an enduring postformalin tactile allodynia. Acetaminophen dose dependently decreased phase 2 flinching, and reversed allodynia was observed postflinching. At a comparable APAP dose, female mice showed similarly reduced phase 2 flinching. Incision allodynia was transiently reversed by APAP. Repeated APAP delivery showed no loss of effect after sequential injections or signs of withdrawal. Morphine, but not APAP or vehicle, resulted in robust place preference. Conclusions APAP decreased flinching and allodynia observed following formalin and paw incision and an absence of tolerance, dependence, or rewarding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yuvicza Anchondo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shelle Malkmus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven W. Roberts
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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2
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Mickols E, Meyer A, Handin N, Stüwe M, Eriksson J, Rudfeldt J, Blom K, Fryknäs M, Sellin ME, Lauschke VM, Karlgren M, Artursson P. OCT1 (SLC22A1) transporter kinetics and regulation in primary human hepatocyte 3D spheroids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17334. [PMID: 39068198 PMCID: PMC11283471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
3D spheroids of primary human hepatocytes (3D PHH) retain a differentiated phenotype with largely conserved metabolic function and proteomic fingerprint over weeks in culture. As a result, 3D PHH are gaining importance as a model for mechanistic liver homeostasis studies and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) in drug discovery. However, the kinetics and regulation of drug transporters have not yet been assessed in 3D PHH. Here, we used organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1/SLC22A1) as a model to study both transport kinetics and the long-term regulation of transporter activity via relevant signalling pathways. The kinetics of the OCT1 transporter was studied using the fluorescent model substrate 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+) and known OCT1 inhibitors in individual 3D PHH. For long-term studies, 3D PHH were treated with xenobiotics for seven days, after which protein expression and OCT1 function were assessed. Global proteomic analysis was used to track hepatic phenotypes as well as prototypical changes in other regulated proteins, such as P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3A4. ASP+ kinetics indicated a fully functional OCT1 transporter with a Km value of 14 ± 4.0µM as the mean from three donors. Co-incubation with known OCT1 inhibitors decreased the uptake of ASP+ in the 3D PHH spheroids by 35-52%. The long-term exposure studies showed that OCT1 is relatively stable upon activation of nuclear receptor signalling or exposure to compounds that could induce inflammation, steatosis or liver injury. Our results demonstrate that 3D PHH spheroids express physiologically relevant levels of fully active OCT1 and that its transporter kinetics can be accurately studied in the 3D PHH configuration. We also confirm that OCT1 remains stable and functional during the activation of key metabolic pathways that alter the expression and function of other drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. These results will expand the range of studies that can be performed using 3D PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Stüwe
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Rudfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Blom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Laddha AP, Wu H, Manautou JE. Deciphering Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity: The Crucial Role of Transcription Factors like Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 as Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:740-753. [PMID: 38857948 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used over-the-counter medication throughout the world. At therapeutic doses, APAP has potent analgesic and antipyretic effects. The efficacy and safety of APAP are influenced by multifactorial processes dependent upon dosing, namely frequency and total dose. APAP poisoning by repeated ingestion of supratherapeutic doses, depletes glutathione stores in the liver and other organs capable of metabolic bioactivation, leading to hepatocellular death due to exhausted antioxidant defenses. Numerous genes, encompassing transcription factors and signaling pathways, have been identified as playing pivotal roles in APAP toxicity, with the liver being the primary organ studied due to its central role in APAP metabolism and injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its array of downstream responsive genes are crucial in counteracting APAP toxicity. NRF2, along with its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, plays a vital role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis. This regulation is significant in modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatocellular death induced by APAP. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the mechanisms through which NRF2 activation and signaling critically influence the threshold for developing APAP toxicity. We also describe how genetically modified rodent models for NRF2 and related genes have been pivotal in underscoring the significance of this antioxidant response pathway. While NRF2 is a primary focus, the article comprehensively explores other genetic factors involved in phase I and phase II metabolism of APAP, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pathways that contribute to APAP toxicity, thereby providing a holistic understanding of the genetic landscape influencing susceptibility to this condition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the genetic elements and signaling pathways underlying APAP-induced liver toxicity, focusing on the crucial protective role of the transcription factor NRF2. This review also delves into the genetic intricacies influencing APAP safety and potential liver harm. It also emphasizes the need for deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, especially the interplay of NRF2 with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Hangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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4
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Luyendyk JP, Morozova E, Copple BL. Good Cells Go Bad: Immune Dysregulation in the Transition from Acute Liver Injury to Liver Failure After Acetaminophen Overdose. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:722-728. [PMID: 38050055 PMCID: PMC11257689 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammatory cells and other components of the immune system in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury and repair has been extensively investigated. Although this has resulted in a wealth of information regarding the function and regulation of immune cells in the liver after injury, apparent contradictions have fueled controversy around the central question of whether the immune system is beneficial or detrimental after APAP overdose. Ultimately, this may not be a simple assignment of "good" or "bad." Clinical studies have clearly demonstrated an association between immune dysregulation and a poor outcome in patients with severe liver damage/liver failure induced by APAP overdose. To date, studies in mice have not uniformly replicated this connection. The apparent disconnect between clinical and experimental studies has perhaps stymied progress and further complicated investigation of the immune system in APAP-induced liver injury. Mouse models are often dismissed as not recapitulating the clinical scenario. Moreover, clinical investigation is most often focused on the most severe APAP overdose patients, those with liver failure. Notably, recent studies have made it apparent that the functional role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced liver injury is highly context dependent and greatly influenced by the experimental conditions. In this review, we highlight some of these recent findings and suggest strategies seeking to resolve and build on existing disconnects in the literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetaminophen overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Studies indicate that dysregulated innate immunity contributes to the transition from acute liver injury to acute liver failure. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this and the potential underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Elena Morozova
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bryan L Copple
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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5
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Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Dubey AR, Kinger S, Choudhary A, Karmakar S, Lal G, Kumar A, Kumar A, Prasad A, Mishra A. Acetaminophen induces mitochondrial apoptosis through proteasome dysfunctions. Life Sci 2024; 349:122732. [PMID: 38768775 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a known antipyretic and non-opioid analgesic for mild pain and fever. Numerous studies uncover their hidden chemotherapeutics applications, including chronic cancer pain management. Acetaminophen also represents an anti-proliferative effect in some cancer cells. Few studies also suggest that the use of Acetaminophen can trigger apoptosis and impede cellular growth. However, Acetaminophen's molecular potential and precise mechanism against improper cellular proliferation and use as an effective anti-proliferative agent still need to be better understood. Here, our current findings show that Acetaminophen induces proteasomal dysfunctions, resulting in aberrant protein accumulation and mitochondrial abnormalities, and consequently induces cell apoptosis. We observed that the Acetaminophen treatment leads to improper aggregation of ubiquitylated expanded polyglutamine proteins, which may be due to the dysfunctions of proteasome activities. Our in-silico analysis suggests the interaction of Acetaminophen and proteasome. Furthermore, we demonstrated the accumulation of proteasome substrates and the depletion of proteasome activities after treating Acetaminophen in cells. Acetaminophen induces proteasome dysfunctions and mitochondrial abnormalities, leading to pro-apoptotic morphological changes and apoptosis successively. These results suggest that Acetaminophen can induce cell death and may retain a promising anti-proliferative effect. These observations can open new possible molecular strategies in the near future for developing and designing specific and effective proteasome inhibitors, which can be helpful in conjugation with other anti-tumor drugs for their better efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Surojit Karmakar
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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Chen C, Feng D, Wang Y, Yao T, Mackowiak B, Gao B. Necrotic Liver Lesion Resolution: Another Mode of Liver Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38955211 DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The liver has the great ability to regenerate after partial resection or injury, and the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration have been extensively investigated. Interestingly, acute liver injuries triggered by various etiologies are associated with the formation of necrotic lesions, and such necrotic lesions are also rapidly resolved. However, how necrotic liver lesions are repaired has not been carefully investigated until recently. In this review, we briefly summarize the spatiotemporal process of necrotic liver lesion resolution in several liver injury models including immune-mediated liver injury and drug-induced liver injury. The roles of liver nonparenchymal cells and infiltrating immune cells in controlling necrotic liver lesion resolution are discussed, which may help identify potential therapies for acute liver injury and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiantian Yao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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7
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Liu F, He J, Chen X, Liu R, Li F, Geng Y, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Mu X. Maternal Administration of Acetaminophen Affects Meiosis Through its Metabolite NAPQI Targeting SIRT7 in Fetal Oocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:93-109. [PMID: 38062739 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Acetaminophen (APAP) is clinically recommended as analgesic and antipyretic among pregnant women. However, accumulating laboratory evidence shows that the use of APAP during pregnancy may alter fetal development. Since fetal stage is a susceptible window for early oogenesis, we aim to assess the potential effects of maternal administration of APAP on fetal oocytes. Results: Pregnant mice at 14.5 dpc (days post-coitus) were orally administered with APAP (50 and 150mg/kg.bw/day) for 3 days; meanwhile, 14.5 dpc ovaries were collected and cultured with APAP or its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI; 5 and 15 μM) for 3 days. It showed that APAP caused meiotic aberrations in fetal oocytes through its metabolite NAPQI, including meiotic prophase I (MPI) progression delay and homologous recombination defects. Co-treatment with nicotinamide (NAM) or nicotinamide riboside chloride (NRC), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) supplements, efficiently restored the MPI arrest, whereas the addition of the inhibitor of sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) invalidated the effect of the NAD+ supplement. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed distorted transcriptomes of fetal ovaries treated with NAPQI. Furthermore, the fecundity of female offspring was affected, exhibiting delayed primordial folliculogenesis and puberty onset, reduced levels of ovarian hormones, and impaired developmental competence of MII oocytes. Innovation: These findings provide the first known demonstration that NAPQI, converted from maternal administration of APAP, disturbs meiotic process of fetal oocytes and further impairs female fecundity in adulthood. The concomitant oral dosing with NAM further supports the benefits of NAD+ supplements on oogenesis. Conclusion: Short-term administration of APAP to pregnant mouse caused meiotic aberrations in fetal oocytes by its metabolite NAPQI, whereas co-treatment with NAD+ supplement efficiently relieves the adverse effects by interacting with SIRT7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Junlin He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ronglu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Dai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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King J, Kelly B, Rhein N, Rosengren R. Post-COVID-19 approach to teaching an undergraduate laboratory class focused on experimental design and data interpretation. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 52:442-452. [PMID: 38546208 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
To best prepare students for the real-world research environment, key skills, including experimental design, data analysis, communication of results, and critical thinking, should be key components of undergraduate science courses. Furthermore, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on in-person teaching has resulted in a need to develop courses that enable flexible learning. This paper details the laboratory component of a senior-level toxicology class that was developed to emphasize all these skills and allow for flexible learning. The aim of the laboratory class was for students to determine how curcumin protected against acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. To stimulate critical thinking, students were required to choose a maximum of four experiments from the six on offer. Before conducting an experiment, students stated a hypothesis and selected the appropriate treatment groups. Once an experiment was completed, students were given access to a complete dataset, on which they performed statistical analysis and drew conclusions. Students who were unable to attend the laboratory session in person were able to complete the required pre-lab work and access the dataset. Following each experiment, students could write a lab summary, and receive thorough feedback. The final assessment was a written manuscript of their findings as well as a chance to respond to reviewer comments. This teaching approach prioritized the critical thinking, analysis, and experimental design aspects of scientific research. Overall, this structure was well received by students and it could easily be adapted for use on other life science courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie King
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barnaby Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nayla Rhein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Huang Y, Dziegielewska KM, Habgood MD, Qiu F, Leandro ACC, Callaghan PD, Curran JE, VandeBerg JL, Saunders NR. ABC Efflux Transporters and Solute Carriers in the Early Developing Brain of a Marsupial Monodelphis domestica (South American Gray Short-Tailed Opossum). J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25655. [PMID: 38980080 PMCID: PMC11257411 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
This study used a marsupial Monodelphis domestica, which is born very immature and most of its development is postnatal without placental protection. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to identify the expression of influx and efflux transporters (ATP-binding cassettes [ABCs] and solute carriers [SLCs]) and metabolizing enzymes in brains of newborn to juvenile Monodelphis. Results were compared to published data in the developing eutherian rat. To test the functionality of these transporters at similar ages, the entry of paracetamol (acetaminophen) into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured using liquid scintillation counting following a single administration of the drug along with its radiolabelled tracer [3H]. Drug permeability studies found that in Monodelphis, brain entry of paracetamol was already restricted at P5; it decreased further in the first week of life and then remained stable until the oldest age group tested (P110). Transcriptomic analysis of Monodelphis brain showed that expression of transporters and their metabolizing enzymes in early postnatal (P) pups (P0, P5, and P8) was relatively similar, but by P109, many more transcripts were identified. When transcriptomes of newborn Monodelphis brain and E19 rat brain and placenta were compared, several transporters present in the rat placenta were also found in the newborn Monodelphis brain. These were absent from E19 rat brain but were present in the adult rat brain. These data indicate that despite its extreme immaturity, the newborn Monodelphis brain may compensate for the lack of placental protection during early brain development by upregulating protective mechanisms, which in eutherian animals are instead present in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Mark D Habgood
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona Qiu
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Ana CC Leandro
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Paul D Callaghan
- ANSTO – Australia’s Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Norman R Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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10
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Hossen MS, Akter A, Azmal M, Rayhan M, Islam KS, Islam MM, Ahmed S, Abdullah-Al-Shoeb M. Unveiling the molecular basis of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity: Interaction of N-acetyl- p-benzoquinone imine with mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101727. [PMID: 38766381 PMCID: PMC11098724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), a toxic byproduct of paracetamol (Acetaminophen, APAP), can accumulate and cause liver damage by depleting glutathione and forming protein adducts in the mitochondria. These adducts disrupt the respiratory chain, increasing superoxide production and reducing ATP. The goal of this study was to provide computational proof that succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a subunit of complex II in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is a favorable binding partner for NAPQI in this regard. Method Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, protein-protein interaction networks (PPI), and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis were employed to identify binding characteristics, interaction partners, and their associations with metabolic pathways. A lipid membrane was added to the experimental apparatus to mimic the natural cellular environment of SDH. This modification made it possible to develop a context for investigating the role and interactions of SDH within a cellular ecosystem that was more realistic and biologically relevant. Result The molecular binding affinity score for APAP and NAPQI with SDH was predicted -6.5 and -6.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, RMSD, RMSF, and Rog from the molecular dynamics simulations study revealed that NAPQI has slightly higher stability and compactness compared to APAP at 100 ns timeframe with mitochondrial SDH. Conclusion This study serves to predict the mechanistic process of paracetamol toxicity by using different computational approaches. In addition, this study will provide information about the drug target against APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahadot Hossen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahir Azmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mostakim Rayhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Saiful Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmodul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shoeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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11
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Farhan N, Dahal UP, Wahlstrom J. Development and Evaluation of Ontogeny Functions of the Major UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes to Underwrite Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pediatric Populations. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38898531 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) demonstrate variable expression in the pediatric population. Thus, understanding of age-dependent maturation of UGTs is critical for accurate pediatric pharmacokinetics (PK) prediction of drugs that are susceptible for glucuronidation. Ontogeny functions of major UGTs have been previously developed and reported. However, those ontogeny functions are based on in vitro data (i.e., enzyme abundance, in vitro substrate activity, and so on) and therefore, may not translate to in vivo maturation of UGTs in the clinical setting. This report describes meta-analysis of the literature to develop and compare ontogeny functions for 8 primary UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17) based on published in vitro and in vivo studies. Once integrated with physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling models, in vivo activity-based ontogeny functions demonstrated somewhat greater prediction accuracy (mean squared error, MSE: 0.05) compared to in vitro activity (MSE: 0.104) and in vitro abundance-based ontogeny functions (MSE: 0.129).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashid Farhan
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Upendra P Dahal
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jan Wahlstrom
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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12
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Mireault M, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Sleno L. Perturbations in human bile acid profiles following drug-induced liver injury investigated using semitargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9731. [PMID: 38469943 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in North America. To investigate the effect of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) on circulating bile acid (BA) profiles, serum from ALF patients and healthy controls were analyzed using a semitargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry approach to measure BAs in their unconjugated and amidated forms and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. METHODS Human serum samples from 20 healthy volunteers and 34 ALF patients were combined with deuterated BAs and extracted, prior to liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A mix of 46 standards helped assign 26 BAs in human serum by accurate mass and retention time matching. Moreover, other isomers of unconjugated and amidated BAs, as well as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, were assigned by accurate mass filtering. In vitro incubations of standard BAs provided increased information for certain peaks of interest. RESULTS A total of 275 BA metabolites, with confirmed or putative assignments, were measured in human serum samples. APAP overdose significantly influenced the levels of most BAs, promoting glycine conjugation, and, to a lesser extent, taurine conjugation. When patient outcome was considered, 11 BAs were altered significantly, including multiple sulfated species. Although many of the BAs measured did not have exact structures assigned, several putatively identified BAs of interest were further characterized using in vitro incubations. CONCLUSION An optimized chromatographic separation tailored to BAs of ranging polarities was combined with accurate mass measurements to investigate the effect that DILI has on their complex profiles and metabolism to a much wider extent than previously possible. The analysis of complex BA profiles enabled in-depth analysis of the BA metabolism perturbations in ALF, including certain metabolites related to patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mireault
- Department of Chemistry/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Department of Chemistry/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Kouznetsov VV. Exploring acetaminophen prodrugs and hybrids: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9691-9715. [PMID: 38525062 PMCID: PMC10958773 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This critical review highlights the advances in developing new molecules for treating pain syndrome, an important issue for human health. Acetaminophen (APAP, known as paracetamol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in clinical practice despite their adverse effects. Research is being conducted to develop innovative drugs with improved pharmaceutical properties to mitigate these effects. A more practical way to achieve that is to study well-known and time-tested drugs in their molecular combinations. Accordingly, the present work explores APAP and their combined chemical entities, i.e., prodrugs (soft drugs), codrugs (mutual prodrugs), and hybrids. Due to their molecular structure, APAP prodrugs or codrugs could be considered merged or conjugated hybrids; all these names are very fluid terms. This article proposed a structural classification of these entities to better analyze their advances. So, the following: carrier-linked O-modified APAP, -linked N-modified APAP derivatives (prodrugs), and direct- and spacer-N,O-linked APAP hybrids (codrugs) are the central parts of this review and are examined, especially ester and amide NSAID-APAP molecules. The C-linked APAP and nitric oxide (NO)-releasing APAP hybrids were also briefly discussed. Prime examples of APAP-based drugs such as propacetamol, benorylate, acetaminosalol, nitroparacetamol, and agent JNJ-10450232 weave well into this classification. The proposed classification is the first and original, giving a better understanding of the SAR studies for new pain relievers research and the design development for the analgesic APAP-(or NSAID)-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Cl. 9 # Cra 27 A.A. 680006 Bucaramanga Colombia
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14
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Yoo N, Thomas S, Bender M, Cheng XJC. A Case of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Therapeutic Ketamine Use for Sedation. Case Rep Crit Care 2024; 2024:8366034. [PMID: 38505599 PMCID: PMC10950395 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8366034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, initially developed as an anesthetic, has shown versatility in medical applications, including pain management, treatment-resistant depression, and sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU). While generally well-tolerated, long-term use at high doses raises concerns about potential toxicities, particularly in the liver. We present a case of a 27-year-old female with a complex medical history who received ketamine infusion for ICU sedation and experienced a sudden rise in liver function tests (LFTs), indicating possible ketamine-induced liver injury (KILI). The patient's liver function normalized after ketamine discontinuation. KILI is infrequent with short-term ketamine use, but emerging case reports suggest it may be associated with chronic or intermittent exposure. The underlying mechanisms for KILI are not fully understood but may involve the accumulation of ketamine metabolites, causing direct toxic effects on the liver. As ketamine's use expands, especially in critical care settings, clinicians should be vigilant for the potential development of KILI. Further research is needed to better understand its risk factors and mechanisms, as early detection and management of KILI are crucial to ensuring patient safety and optimizing ketamine's therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Yoo
- NYU Langone Health Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Sarun Thomas
- NYU Langone Health Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA
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15
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Huang Y, Qiu F, Dziegielewska KM, Koehn LM, Habgood MD, Saunders NR. Effects of paracetamol/acetaminophen on the expression of solute carriers (SLCs) in late-gestation fetal rat brain, choroid plexus and the placenta. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:427-444. [PMID: 38059686 PMCID: PMC10988763 DOI: 10.1113/ep091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) regulate transfer of a wide range of molecules across cell membranes using facilitative or secondary active transport. In pregnancy, these transporters, expressed at the placental barrier, are important for delivery of nutrients to the fetus, whilst also limiting entry of potentially harmful substances, such as drugs. In the present study, RNA-sequencing analysis was used to investigate expression of SLCs in the fetal (embryonic day 19) rat brain, choroid plexus and placenta in untreated control animals and following maternal paracetamol treatment. In the treated group, paracetamol (15 mg/kg) was administered to dams twice daily for 5 days (from embryonic day 15 to 19). In untreated animals, overall expression of SLCs was highest in the placenta. In the paracetamol treatment group, expression of several SLCs was significantly different compared with control animals, with ion, amino acid, neurotransmitter and sugar transporters most affected. The number of SLC transcripts that changed significantly following treatment was the highest in the choroid plexus and lowest in the brain. All SLC transcripts that changed in the placenta following paracetamol treatment were downregulated. These results suggest that administration of paracetamol during pregnancy could potentially disrupt fetal nutrient homeostasis and affect brain development, resulting in major consequences for the neonate and extending into childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Fiona Qiu
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Liam M. Koehn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark D. Habgood
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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16
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Nasr Isfahani M, Etesami H, Ahmadi O, Masoumi B. Comparing the efficacy of intravenous morphine versus ibuprofen or the combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in patients with closed limb fractures: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38273252 PMCID: PMC10809472 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-00933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous ibuprofen or intravenous ibuprofen plus acetaminophen compared to intravenous morphine in patients with closed extremity fractures. METHODS A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary trauma center in Iran. Adult patients between 15 and 60 years old with closed, isolated limb fractures and a pain intensity of at least 6/10 on the visual analog scale (VAS) were eligible. Patients with specific conditions or contraindications were not included. Participants were randomly assigned to receive intravenous ibuprofen, intravenous ibuprofen plus acetaminophen, or intravenous morphine. Pain scores were assessed using the visual analog scale at baseline and 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after drug administration. The primary outcome measure was the pain score reduction after one hour. RESULTS Out of 388 trauma patients screened, 158 were included in the analysis. There were no significant differences in age or sex distribution among the three groups. The pain scores decreased significantly in all groups after 5 min, with the morphine group showing the lowest pain score at 15 min. The maximum effect of ibuprofen was observed after 30 min, while the ibuprofen-acetaminophen combination maintained its effect after 60 min. One hour after injection, pain score reduction in the ibuprofen-acetaminophen group was significantly more than in the other two groups, and pain score reduction in the ibuprofen group was significantly more than in the morphine group. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that ibuprofen and its combination with acetaminophen have similar or better analgesic effects compared to morphine in patients with closed extremity fractures. Although morphine initially provided the greatest pain relief, its effect diminished over time. In contrast, ibuprofen and the ibuprofen-acetaminophen combination maintained their analgesic effects for a longer duration. The combination therapy demonstrated the most sustained pain reduction. The study highlights the potential of non-opioid analgesics in fracture pain management and emphasizes the importance of initiation of these medications as first line analgesic for patients with fractures. These findings support the growing trend of exploring non-opioid analgesics in pain management. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05630222 (Tue, Nov 29, 2022). The manuscript adheres to CONSORT guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nasr Isfahani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Trauma Data Registration Center, Al-Zahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Etesami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Vice Chancellery for Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Ahmadi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Masoumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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17
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Yang JO, Dong TS. Mg and the microbiome: A liver-protective duo. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:5-6. [PMID: 38211563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure continues to carry high morbidity and mortality with limited therapeutic options. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Li et al. demonstrate that oral magnesium can protect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury through alterations in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Yang
- UCLA Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S Dong
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Ezhilarasan D, Shree Harini K, Karthick M, Selvaraj C. Ethyl gallate concurrent administration protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice: An in vivo and in silico approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14369. [PMID: 37817304 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) in high doses causes acute liver injury and acute liver failure. Ethyl gallate (EG) is a natural polyphenol, possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the protective role of EG against APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice. Acute liver injury was induced by a single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg., i.p.). In separate groups, EG (10 mg/kg), EG (20 mg/kg), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 1200 mg/kg., i.p.) were administered concurrently with APAP. The mice were sacrificed after 24 h of treatment. Liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity, antioxidant markers, inflammatory markers, and histopathological studies were done. APAP administration caused a significant elevation of marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation. APAP administration also decreased enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants. Acute APAP intoxication induced nuclear factor κ B, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, p65, and p52 and downregulated IκB gene expressions. Our histopathological studies have confirmed the presence of centrilobular necrosis, 24 h after APAP intoxication. All the above abnormalities were significantly inhibited in groups of mice that were concurrently administered with APAP + EG and APAP + NAC. Our in silico analysis further confirms that hydroxyl groups of EG interact with the above inflammatory proteins at the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid region. These effects of EG against APAP-induced acute liver injury could be attributed to its antioxidative, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Therefore, this study suggests that EG can be an efficient therapeutic approach to protect the liver from APAP intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Karthik Shree Harini
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Munusamy Karthick
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Modelling, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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19
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Messelmani T, Le Goff A, Soncin F, Souguir Z, Merlier F, Maubon N, Legallais C, Leclerc E, Jellali R. Coculture model of a liver sinusoidal endothelial cell barrier and HepG2/C3a spheroids-on-chip in an advanced fluidic platform. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:64-75. [PMID: 37973520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The liver is one of the main organs involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and a key organ in toxicity studies. Prior to accessing the hepatocytes, xenobiotics pass through the hepatic sinusoid formed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). The LSECs barrier regulates the kinetics and concentrations of the xenobiotics before their metabolic processing by the hepatocytes. To mimic this physiological situation, we developed an in vitro model reproducing an LSECs barrier in coculture with a hepatocyte biochip, using a fluidic platform. This technology made dynamic coculture and tissue crosstalk possible. SK-HEP-1 and HepG2/C3a cells were used as LSECs and as hepatocyte models, respectively. We confirmed the LSECs phenotype by measuring PECAM-1 and stabilin-2 expression levels and the barrier's permeability/transport properties with various molecules. The tightness of the SK-HEP-1 barrier was enhanced in the dynamic coculture. The morphology, albumin secretion, and gene expression levels of markers of HepG2/C3a were not modified by coculture with the LSECs barrier. Using acetaminophen, a well-known hepatotoxic drug, to study tissue crosstalk, there was a reduction in the expression levels of the LSECs markers stabilin-2 and PECAM-1, and a modification of those of CLEC4M and KDR. No HepG2/C3a toxicity was observed. The metabolisation of acetaminophen by HepG2/C3a monocultures and cocultures was confirmed. Although primary cells are required to propose a fully relevant model, the present approach highlights the potential of our system for investigating xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Messelmani
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Anne Le Goff
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- CNRS/IIS/Centre Oscar Lambret/Lille University SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Hauts-de-France, 43 Avenue le Corbusier, 59800 Lille, France; CNRS, IRL2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Zied Souguir
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, Biocentre Fleming Bâtiment A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Cedex CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne, France
| | - Nathalie Maubon
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, Biocentre Fleming Bâtiment A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France; CNRS, IRL2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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20
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Naume MM, Zhao Q, Haslund-Krog SS, Krag T, Winter BCMD, Revsbech KL, Vissing J, Holst H, Møller MH, Hornsyld TM, Dunø M, Hoei-Hansen CE, Born AP, Bo Jensen P, Cathrine Ørngreen M. Acetaminophen treatment in children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy: a lower tolerance and higher risk of hepatotoxicity. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 34:9-18. [PMID: 38052667 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure has been reported sporadically in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and other neuromuscular disorders with low skeletal muscle mass receiving recommended dosages of acetaminophen. It is suggested that low skeletal muscle mass may add to the risk of toxicity. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics and safety of acetaminophen in patients with SMA. We analyzed acetaminophen metabolites and liver biomarkers in plasma from SMA patients and healthy controls (HC) every hour for six or eight hours on day 1 and day 3 of treatment with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. Twelve patients with SMA (six adults and six children) and 11 HC participated in the study. Adult patients with SMA had significantly lower clearance of acetaminophen compared to HC (14.1 L/h vs. 21.5 L/h). Formation clearance of acetaminophen metabolites, glucuronide, sulfate, and oxidative metabolites were two-fold lower in the patients compared to HC. The liver transaminases and microRNAs increased nine-fold in one adult SMA patient after two days of treatment. The other patients and HC did not develop abnormal liver biomarkers. In this study, patients with SMA had lower clearance and slower metabolism of acetaminophen, and one patient developed liver involvement. We recommend giving 15 mg/kg/dose to SMA adults (with a maximum of 4000 mg/day) and monitoring standard liver biomarkers 48 h after first-time treatment of acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mostue Naume
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Qiaolin Zhao
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Rotterdam Clinical Pharmacometrics Group, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda C M de Winter
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Rotterdam Clinical Pharmacometrics Group, the Netherlands
| | - Karoline Lolk Revsbech
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Holst
- Rare disease and advance therapies, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Morten Hylander Møller
- Department of Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tessa Munkeboe Hornsyld
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dunø
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Engel Hoei-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alfred Peter Born
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Bo Jensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Cathrine Ørngreen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Hilițanu LN, Mititelu-Tarțău L, Popa EG, Bucă BR, Gurzu IL, Fotache PA, Pelin AM, Pricop DA, Pavel LL. Chitosan Soft Matter Vesicles Loaded with Acetaminophen as Promising Systems for Modified Drug Release. Molecules 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 38202640 PMCID: PMC10780230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study was designed to acquire, characterize and evaluate the biocompatibility of novel lipid vesicles loaded with acetaminophen (APAP) and coated with chitosan (CS). We investigated the in vitro and in vivo drug release kinetics from these systems, and we conducted assessments for both in vitro hemocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility. For the in vivo biocompatibility evaluation, the mice were randomly divided into four groups of six animals and were treated orally as follows: control group: 0.1 mL/10 g body weight of double-distilled water; CS group: 0.1 mL/10 g body weight 1% CS solution; APAP group: 150 mg/kg body weight APAP; APAP-v group: 150 mg/kg body weight APAP-loaded lipid vesicles. The impact of APAP-v on various hematological, biochemical, and immune parameters in mice were assessed, and the harvested tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. The innovative formulations effectively encapsulating APAP within soft vesicles exhibited reasonable stability in solution and prolonged drug release in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro hemolysis test involving APAP-loaded vesicles revealed no signs of damage to red blood cells. The mice treated with APAP-v showed neither significant variances in hematological, biochemical, and immune parameters, nor structural changes in the examined organ samples, compared to the control group. APAP-v administration led to prolonged drug release. We can conclude that the APAP-v are innovative carrier systems for modifying drug release, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Nicoleta Hilițanu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tarțău
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Eliza Grațiela Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Beatrice Rozalina Bucă
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Irina Luciana Gurzu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Paula Alina Fotache
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Daniela Angelica Pricop
- Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania, RECENT AIR, Laboratory of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomical Observatory, Physics, ‘Al. I. Cuza’ University, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Lăcrămioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
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22
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El Zein R, Ispas-Szabo P, Jafari M, Siaj M, Mateescu MA. Oxidation of Mesalamine under Phenoloxidase- or Peroxidase-like Enzyme Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:8105. [PMID: 38138595 PMCID: PMC10871084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesalamine, also called 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid), is a largely used anti-inflammatory agent and is a main choice to treat Ulcerative Colitis. This report is aimed to investigate enzymatic processes involved in the oxidation of mesalamine to better understand some of its side-effects. Oxidation with oxygen (catalyzed by ceruloplasmin) or with hydrogen peroxide (catalyzed by peroxidase or hemoglobin) showed that these oxidases, despite their different mechanisms of oxidation, could recognize mesalamine as a substrate and trigger its oxidation to a corresponding quinone-imine. These enzymes were chosen because they may recognize hydroquinone (a p-diphenol) as substrate and oxidize it to p-benzoquinone and that mesalamine, as a p-aminophenol, presents some similarities with hydroquinone. The UV-Vis kinetics, FTIR and 1H NMR supported the hypothesis of oxidizing mesalamine. Furthermore, mass spectrometry suggested the quinone-imine as reaction product. Without enzymes, the oxidation process was very slow (days and weeks), but it was markedly accelerated with the oxidases, particularly with peroxidase. Cyclic voltammetry supported the hypothesis of the oxidative process and allowed a ranking of susceptibility to oxidizing mesalamine in comparison with other oxidizable drug molecules with related structures. The susceptibility to oxidation was higher for mesalamine, in comparison with Tylenol (acetaminophen) and with aspirin (salicylic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mircea Alexandru Mateescu
- Department of Chemistry and Center CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Downtown Branch, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (R.E.Z.); (P.I.-S.); (M.J.); (M.S.)
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23
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Kim SM, Jo SY, Park HY, Lee YR, Yu JS, Yoo HH. Investigation of Drug-Interaction Potential for Arthritis Dietary Supplements: Chondroitin Sulfate, Glucosamine, and Methylsulfonylmethane. Molecules 2023; 28:8068. [PMID: 38138558 PMCID: PMC10745882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the leading conditions that promote the consumption of these dietary supplements. Chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and methylsulfonylmethane are among the prominent alternative treatments for osteoarthritis. In this study, these dietary supplements were incubated with cytochrome P450 isozyme-specific substrates in human liver microsomes, and the formation of marker metabolites was measured to investigate their inhibitory potential on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. The results revealed no significant inhibitory effects on seven CYPs, consistent with established related research data. Therefore, these substances are anticipated to have a low potential for cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions with osteoarthritis medications that are likely to be co-administered. However, given the previous reports of interaction cases involving glucosamine, caution is advised regarding dietary supplement-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - So Young Jo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (Y.R.L.)
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (Y.R.L.)
| | - Jun Sang Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
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24
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Joshi P, Kang SY, Acharya P, Sidhpura D, Lee MY. High-throughput assessment of metabolism-mediated neurotoxicity by combining 3D-cultured neural stem cells and liver cell spheroids. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105688. [PMID: 37660999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that biotransformation in the liver plays an important role in the augmented toxicity and detoxification of chemicals, relatively little efforts have been made to incorporate biotransformation into in vitro neurotoxicity testing. Conventional in vitro systems for neurotoxicity tests lack the capability of investigating the qualitative and quantitative differences between parent chemicals and their metabolites in the human body. Therefore, there is a need for an in vitro toxicity screening system that can incorporate hepatic biotransformation of chemicals and predict the susceptibility of their metabolites to induce neurotoxicity. To address this need, we adopted 3D cultures of metabolically competent HepaRG cell line with ReNcell VM and established a high-throughput, metabolism-mediated neurotoxicity testing system. Briefly, spheroids of HepaRG cells were generated in an ultralow attachment (ULA) 384-well plate while 3D-cultured ReNcell VM was established on a 384-pillar plate with sidewalls and slits (384PillarPlate). Metabolically sensitive test compounds were added in the ULA 384-well plate with HepaRG spheroids and coupled with 3D-cultured ReNcell VM on the 384PillarPlate, which allowed us to generate metabolites in situ by HepaRG cells and test them against neural stem cells. We envision that this approach could be potentially adopted in pharmaceutical and chemical industries when high-throughput screening (HTS) is necessary to assess neurotoxicity of compounds and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Joshi
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., 12200 Ford Road, Dallas, TX 75234, United States of America
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America
| | - Darshita Sidhpura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., 12200 Ford Road, Dallas, TX 75234, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America.
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25
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Erhunmwunse NO, Tongo I, Ezemonye LI. Multiple biomarker responses in female Clarias gariepinus exposed to acetaminophen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122437-122457. [PMID: 37973782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Several authors have documented the presences of acetaminophen (APAP) in both surface and groundwater and have received attention from government agencies and basic authorities across the globe. The impacts of such pharmaceutical products on non-target organism like fish are underestimated as a result of selected investigation using few biomarkers. We evaluated the sub-chronic impacts of APAP in female catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using multiple biomarkers. The exposure of female catfish to APAP induced oxidative stress. Markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher in all exposed groups. Exposure of Clarias gariepinus to APAPA caused histological alterations in the gills (fusion and shortening of some filaments, hyperplasia of the epithelial gill cells, aneurism, congestion, and epithelial rupture of the gills), liver (apoptotic hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion, and necrosis of the hepatocytes), and gonad (degenerated follicles and ovarian apoptosis). Furthermore, multivariate results indicated that there was a distinct response from the acetaminophen-exposed female catfish, with over 95% of the biomarkers significantly contributing to the discrimination between the acetaminophen-exposed female catfish and the control groups. Our research provides evidence supporting the use of a multiple biomarker approach to evaluate the impacts of drugs on the health status of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Isioma Tongo
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria
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26
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Spildrejorde M, Samara A, Sharma A, Leithaug M, Falck M, Modafferi S, Sundaram AY, Acharya G, Nordeng H, Eskeland R, Gervin K, Lyle R. Multi-omics approach reveals dysregulated genes during hESCs neuronal differentiation exposure to paracetamol. iScience 2023; 26:107755. [PMID: 37731623 PMCID: PMC10507163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal paracetamol exposure has been associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood. Pharmacoepigenetic studies show differences in cord blood DNA methylation between unexposed and paracetamol-exposed neonates, however, causality and impact of long-term prenatal paracetamol exposure on brain development remain unclear. Using a multi-omics approach, we investigated the effects of paracetamol on an in vitro model of early human neurodevelopment. We exposed human embryonic stem cells undergoing neuronal differentiation with paracetamol concentrations corresponding to maternal therapeutic doses. Single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq integration identified paracetamol-induced chromatin opening changes linked to gene expression. Differentially methylated and/or expressed genes were involved in neurotransmission and cell fate determination trajectories. Some genes involved in neuronal injury and development-specific pathways, such as KCNE3, overlapped with differentially methylated genes previously identified in cord blood associated with prenatal paracetamol exposure. Our data suggest that paracetamol may play a causal role in impaired neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Spildrejorde
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina Samara
- Division of Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children′s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Falck
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Modafferi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y.M. Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, SE-14152 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Gervin
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Madiedo-Podvrsan S, Sebillet L, Martinez T, Bacari S, Zhu F, Cattelin M, Leclerc E, Merlier F, Jellali R, Lacroix G, Vayssade M. Development of a lung-liver in vitro coculture model for inhalation-like toxicity assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105641. [PMID: 37437822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are considered prime study models for inhalation-like toxicity assessment. However, in light of animal experimentation reduction (3Rs), we developed and investigated an alternative in vitro method to study systemic-like responses to inhalation-like exposures. A coculture platform was established to emulate inter-organ crosstalks between a pulmonary barrier, which constitutes the route of entry of inhaled compounds, and the liver, which plays a major role in xenobiotic metabolism. Both compartments (Calu-3 insert and HepG2/C3A biochip) were jointly cultured in a dynamically-stimulated environment for 72 h. The present model was characterized using acetaminophen (APAP), a well-documented hepatotoxicant, to visibly assess the passage and circulation of a xenobiotic through the device. Based on viability and functionality parameters the coculture model showed that the bronchial barrier and the liver biochip can successfully be maintained viable and function in a dynamic coculture setting for 3 days. In a stress-induced environment, present results reported that the coculture model emulated active and functional in vitro crosstalk that seemingly was responsive to xenobiotic exposure doses. The hepatic and bronchial cellular responses to xenobiotic exposure were modified in the coculture setting as they displayed earlier and stronger detoxification processes, highlighting active and functional organ crosstalk between both compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Madiedo-Podvrsan
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Louise Sebillet
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Martinez
- French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks, INERIS, Direction milieux et impacts sur le vivant, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Salimata Bacari
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Fengping Zhu
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cattelin
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Franck Merlier
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Ghislaine Lacroix
- French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks, INERIS, Direction milieux et impacts sur le vivant, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Muriel Vayssade
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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28
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Park GC, Chung JW, Jang ES, Kim JW. Association between adverse outcomes of hepatitis A and acetaminophen use: A population-based cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1368-1374. [PMID: 37088594 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) may cause acute liver injury with therapeutic doses in high-risk conditions such as chronic alcohol consumption or malnutrition. In acute hepatitis A (AHA), however, the safety of APAP has not been fully established. This study examined the potential association between APAP use and clinical outcomes of AHA in a nationwide and hospital-based cohort. METHODS Adult patients with AHA were identified from claims data of South Korean national healthcare insurance between 2008 and 2016 (n = 43,500). Logistic regression models were used to compare the risk of adverse outcomes (renal replacement therapy, hepatic encephalopathy and/or brain edema, mechanical ventilation, and liver transplantation) in patients exposed to APAP against control and patients exposed to NSAIDs. A propensity score (PS)-matched hospital-based AHA cohort (n = 146) was assessed for biochemical profiles after exposure to APAP or NSAIDs. RESULTS AHA patients were exposed to APAP or NSAIDs in 26.4% and 11.5% of cases, respectively. Compared to NSAID treatment, APAP exposure was associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization (98.8% vs. 92.4%; p < 0.0001). APAP exposure was independently associated with increased adverse outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 5.66, p < 0.0001 against control; OR =1.67, p = 0.0015 against NSAIDs). PS-matched hospital cohort showed higher peak serum bilirubin levels (7.0 vs. 5.3 mg/dL; p = 0.03) and a longer time to recovery of jaundice after APAP use than with NSAID use. CONCLUSION APAP exposure was associated with increased adverse outcomes in a nationwide AHA cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Chan Park
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wha Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Lee DU, Choi D, Shaik MR, Schuster K, Schellhammer S, Ponder R, Lee KJ, Chou H, Ding S, Bahadur A, Fan G, Lominadze Z. The impact of race and gender on the outcomes of patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: propensity score-matched analysis of the NIS database. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1049-1060. [PMID: 37505978 PMCID: PMC10403278 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen overdose is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure in the USA. In this study, we investigated the impact of race and gender on the hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. METHODS From the National Inpatient Sample between the years 2016 and 2019, patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure were selected and stratified based on gender (Male and Female) and race (White, Black and Hispanic). The cases were propensity score-matched to controls (male and Whites) and were compared along the following endpoints: mortality, length of stay, hospitalization costs, and hepatic complications. RESULTS Among patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure, females experienced higher rates of mortality (16.60% vs. 11.70%, P = 0.004) and clinical illness, including hypotension (11.80% vs. 7.15%, P = 0.002) and ventilator use (40.80% vs. 30.00%, P < 0.001). When stratified by race, Black patients had longer hospital stays (Black vs. White, 8.76 days vs. 7.46 days, P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in outcomes between Hispanic and White patients. No significant differences in mortality were shown between races. CONCLUSION We found that females had a higher rate of mortality and incidence of hepatic encephalopathy compared to males. When stratified by race, Blacks were shown to have longer hospital stay. Females and racial minorities were also affected by special healthcare needs after discharge compared to their male and White cohorts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Uihwan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dabin Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammed Rifat Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus. Baltimore, MD 21201. USA
| | - Kimmy Schuster
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sophie Schellhammer
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Reid Ponder
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ki Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Hannah Chou
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Samuel Ding
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Aneesh Bahadur
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gregory Fan
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zurabi Lominadze
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Tueshaus T, McKemie DS, Kanarr K, Kass PH, Knych HK. Pharmacokinetics and effects of codeine in combination with acetaminophen on thermal nociception in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:311-325. [PMID: 37021661 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Codeine and acetaminophen in combination have proven to be an effective analgesic treatment for moderate-to-severe and postoperative pain in humans. Studies have demonstrated that codeine and acetaminophen, when administered as sole agents, are well tolerated by horses. In the current study, we hypothesized that administration of the combination of codeine and acetaminophen would result in a significant thermal antinociceptive effect compared with administration of either alone. Six horses were administered oral doses of codeine (1.2 mg/kg), acetaminophen (20 mg/kg), and codeine plus acetaminophen (1.2 mg/kg codeine and 6-6.4 mg/kg acetaminophen) in a three-way balanced crossover design. Plasma samples were collected, concentrations of drug and metabolites determined via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. Pharmacodynamic outcomes, including effect on thermal thresholds, were assessed. Codeine Cmax and AUC were significantly different between the codeine and combination group. There was considerable inter-individual variation in the pharmacokinetic parameters for codeine, acetaminophen, and their metabolites in horses. All treatments were well tolerated with minimal significant adverse effects. An increase in the thermal threshold was noted at 1.5 and 2 h, from 15 min through 6 h and 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 h in the codeine, acetaminophen, and combination groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisa Tueshaus
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel S McKemie
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Kanarr
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Philip H Kass
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather K Knych
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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Keuper-Navis M, Walles M, Poller B, Myszczyszyn A, van der Made TK, Donkers J, Eslami Amirabadi H, Wilmer MJ, Aan S, Spee B, Masereeuw R, van de Steeg E. The application of organ-on-chip models for the prediction of human pharmacokinetic profiles during drug development. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106853. [PMID: 37473876 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology has led to in vitro models with many new possibilities compared to conventional in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, the potential of OoC models to improve the prediction of human oral bioavailability and intrinsic clearance is discussed, with a focus on the functionality of the models and the application in current drug development practice. Multi-OoC models demonstrating the application for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are summarized and existing challenges are identified. Physiological parameters for a minimal viable platform of a multi-OoC model to study PK are provided, together with PK specific read-outs and recommendations for relevant reference compounds to validate the model. Finally, the translation to in vivo PK profiles is discussed, which will be required to routinely apply OoC models during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Keuper-Navis
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Walles
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birk Poller
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Myszczyszyn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (RMCU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas K van der Made
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Donkers
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Saskia Aan
- Stichting Proefdiervrij, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (RMCU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Duthaler U, Bachmann F, Ozbey AC, Umehara K, Parrott N, Fowler S, Krähenbühl S. The Activity of Members of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Subfamilies UGT1A and UGT2B is Impaired in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:1141-1155. [PMID: 37328712 PMCID: PMC10386950 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The impact of liver cirrhosis on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) is currently not well characterized. We investigated the glucuronidation capacity and glucuronide accumulation in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS We administered the Basel phenotyping cocktail (caffeine, efavirenz, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, metoprolol, midazolam) to patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 16 Child A, n = 15 Child B, n = 5 Child C) and n = 12 control subjects and obtained pharmacokinetic profiles of substrates and primary metabolites and their glucuronides. RESULTS Caffeine and its metabolite paraxanthine were only slightly glucuronidated. The metabolic ratio (AUCglucuronide/AUCparent, MR) was not affected for caffeine but decreased by 60% for paraxanthine glucuronide formation in Child C patients. Efavirenz was not glucuronidated whereas 8-hydroxyefavirenz was efficiently glucuronidated. The MR of 8-hydroxyefavirenz-glucuronide formation increased three-fold in Child C patients and was negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate. Flurbiprofen and omeprazole were not glucuronidated. 4-Hydroxyflurbiprofen and 5-hydroxyomeprazole were both glucuronidated but the corresponding MRs for glucuronide formation were not affected by liver cirrhosis. Metoprolol, but not α-hydroxymetoprolol, was glucuronidated, and the MR for metoprolol-glucuronide formation dropped by 60% in Child C patients. Both midazolam and its metabolite 1'-hydroxymidazolam underwent glucuronidation, and the corresponding MRs for glucuronide formation dropped by approximately 80% in Child C patients. No relevant glucuronide accumulation occurred in patients with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Detailed analysis revealed that liver cirrhosis may affect the activity of UGTs of the UGT1A and UGT2B subfamilies according to liver function. Clinically significant glucuronide accumulation did not occur in the population investigated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03337945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Duthaler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Bachmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agustos C Ozbey
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Umehara
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Adhikary S, Al Hoque A, Ray M, Paul S, Hossain A, Goswami S, Dey R. Investigation of Paracetamol Entrapped Nanoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4712-4727. [PMID: 37273095 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An effort was made to administer paracetamol drug through transdermal patch, as no such formulation of this drug has been developed yet. The primary cause for the lack of such formulations is paracetamol's poor aqueous solubility. As a result, the current research concentrated on preparing nanomedicines, or drug-loaded nanoparticles, for delivery via transdermal formulations. Nanoparticles can improve the solubility of weakly aqueous soluble or even aqueous insoluble drugs by changing the crystalline structure of loaded medicines to an amorphous state and serving as drug permeation boosters. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized through sol-gel technique to achieve the aforementioned goal. DLS data revealed that the average particle size was around 100-200 nm, which was sufficient to penetrate the skin barrier. XRD analysis showed that the SNPs were amorphous, and the drug molecules lost their crystallinity after encapsulation into the nanoparticles, causing the enhancement of dissolution of drug molecules in physiological pH (pH-7.4). Different kinetic models were employed for the ex vivo dissolution data to evaluate the suitable kinetic model followed by the drug release in both burst and sustained phase. In vivo analgesic study was executed on mice applying each of the transdermal formulations to examine the performances of the patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Adhikary
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ashique Al Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Manisheeta Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Swastik Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Goswami
- Department of Labour, ESI Institute of Pain Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajib Dey
- Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Oliveira LC, Rocha DS, Silva-Neto HA, Silva TAC, Coltro WKT. Polyester resin and graphite flakes: turning conductive ink to a voltammetric sensor for paracetamol sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:324. [PMID: 37493852 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of a disposable electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) is described using a novel formulation of conductive ink that combines graphite powder, polyester resin, and acetone. As a proof of concept, the proposed sensor was utilized for paracetamol (PAR) sensing. The introduced ink was characterized via morphological, structural, and electrochemical analysis, and the results demonstrated appreciable analytical performance. The proposed ePAD provided linear behavior (R2 = 0.99) in the concentration range between 1 and 60 µmol L-1, a limit of detection of 0.2 µmol L-1, and satisfactory reproducibility (RSD ~ 7.7%, n = 5) applying a potential of + 0.81 V vs Ag at the working electrode. The quantification of PAR was demonstrated in different pharmaceutical formulations. The achieved concentrations revealed good agreement with the labeled values, acceptable accuracy (101% and 106%), and no statistical difference from the data obtained by HPLC at the 95% confidence level. The environmental impact of the new device was assessed using AGREE software, which determined a score of 0.85, indicating that it is eco-friendly. During the pharmacokinetic study of PAR, it was found that the drug has a maximum concentration of 23.58 ± 0.01 µmol L-1, a maximum time of 30 min, and a half-life of 2.15 h. These results are comparable to other studies that utilized HPLC. This suggests that the combination of graphite powder and polyester resin can transform conductive ink into an effective ePAD that can potentially be used in various pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa C Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly S Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Habdias A Silva-Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Thaísa A C Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Goiânia, GO, 74175-100, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.
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Xie W, Jiang R, Xie J, Vince R, More SS. Geometric Isomer of Guanabenz Confers Hepatoprotection to a Murine Model of Acetaminophen Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1071-1080. [PMID: 37348131 PMCID: PMC10355191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen, a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, is one of the leading causes of drug-induced acute liver injury in the United States and worldwide. Phase-I metabolism of acetaminophen generates the toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) intermediate. Reactions of NAPQI with a wide range of biomolecules cause increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, some of the cellular events contributing toward liver toxicity. Previously, we evaluated the potential of an FDA-approved, ER stress-modulating antihypertensive drug, Wytensin (trans-guanabenz, E-GA), as an antidote for acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. E-GA prevented elevation of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT), even when administered up to 6 h after acetaminophen overdose, and exhibited synergistic analgesic interactions. However, the commercially available guanabenz exists solely as a trans-isomer and suffers from sedative side effects resulting from the inhibition of central α2A-adrenergic receptors in locus coeruleus. Here, we studied the utility of the relatively unexplored cis-isomer of guanabenz as a treatment option for acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. cis(Z)-Guanabenz acetate (Z-GA) lacks interaction with α2A-adrenoreceptors and is thus devoid of sedative, blood-pressure-lowering side effects of E-GA. Treatment of mice with Z-GA (10 mg/kg) before acetaminophen overdose and up to 6 h post APAP administration prevented liver injury and suppressed the elevation of serum ALT levels. Mechanistically, hepatoprotective effects of both isomers are similar and partly attributed to attenuation of the ER stress and oxidative stress in the liver. The results of this study suggest that Z-GA may be a safer, effective antidote for the clinical management of acute liver injury resulting from acetaminophen overdose. It also raises a tantalizing possibility of a prophylactic combination of the geometric isomer of the approved drug guanabenz with acetaminophen in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Gold JR, Grubb T, Court MH, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7-9 Day-old foals. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1198940. [PMID: 37483288 PMCID: PMC10359069 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen is utilized in human infants for pain management and fever. Neonatal foals might benefit from administration of acetaminophen but effective and safe dosage regimens for neonatal foals remains to be determined. Objective The objective was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen following oral administration of a single dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg to neonatal foals. A secondary objective was to evaluate any changes in hematology and biochemistry profiles. Study design Randomized study. Methods Eight clinically healthy 7-9-day old Quarter Horse foals (3 colts and 5 fillies) received a single oral dose of acetaminophen either 20 (n = 4) or 40 (n = 4) mg/kg. Hematology and biochemistry profiles were evaluated before and 7 days after drug administration. Blood samples were collected before and 8 times after acetaminophen administration for 48 h to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non- compartmental analysis. Results The median peak plasma concentrations (and range) occurred at 1.5 (0.5-2) hours, and 1.0 (1-2) hours for the 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. The maximum plasma concentration (and range) was 12 (7.9-17.4) μg/mL for the 20 mg/kg dose and 14 (11-18) μg/mL for 40 mg/kg dose. The median AUC0-∞ ranged from 46 to 100 and 79 to 160 h*-μg/mL for the 20 and 40 mg/kg dose, respectively. Hematology and biochemistry profiles remained within normal limits. Conclusion Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after oral administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg to neonates is comparable to adult horses. However, safety and the optimal dosage regimen of acetaminophen for treating pain and or pyrexia in neonates in this age group remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer R. Gold
- Wisconsin Equine Clinic and Hospital, Oconomowoc, WI, United States
| | - Tamara Grubb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael H. Court
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Nicolas F. Villarino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Spillers NJ, Luther PM, Talbot NC, Ly GH, Downs EM, Lavespere G, Pavlickova D, Ahmadzadeh S, Viswanath O, Varrassi G, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. Association of Acetaminophen With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Pharmacologic Considerations and Treatment Options. Cureus 2023; 15:e41116. [PMID: 37519510 PMCID: PMC10382713 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen is an extremely common drug with many implications for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. It has a unique mechanism of action and downstream effects that separate it categorically from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These differences come with potential adverse effects that range from mild drug reactions to severe life-threatening emergencies. While acetaminophen's toxic liver effects are well known, a lesser-known adverse effect of this drug is its association with the development of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These dermatological emergencies involve similar pathological processes, including apoptosis of the epidermis and sloughing of the dermis and mucosa from the underlying layers with a positive Nikolsky sign. Currently, SJS and TEN are considered immune-mediated type IV hypersensitivity reactions predominantly involving CD8+ T lymphocytes. Other immune mediators, including regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, interleukins, and drug metabolites are speculated to be involved, but their mechanisms have not been entirely determined. These conditions are differentially diagnosed by the percentage of body area affected with SJS and TENS, involving <10% and >30%, respectively. Genomic variations in human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes have been implicated in the susceptibility and severity of acetaminophen-induced SJS/TENS, however, details of these interactions remain unclear. Acetaminophen's widespread use and the morbidity of its associated skin pathologies SJS and TENS warrant an in-depth examination of the causative processes involved in their pathogenesis. It is critical that both physicians and patients be made aware that while acetaminophen is widely tolerated by most individuals, severe and potentially fatal interactions do occur, and further investigation is necessary to reduce these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Spillers
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Patrick M Luther
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Norris C Talbot
- Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Gianni H Ly
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Evan M Downs
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Gabriel Lavespere
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Denisa Pavlickova
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Pain Management, Valley Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Nithiyanandam S, Evan Prince S. Caesalpinia bonducella mitigates oxidative damage by paracetamol intoxication in the kidney and intestine via modulating pro/anti-inflammatory and apoptotic signaling: an In vivo mechanistic insight. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:176. [PMID: 37188289 PMCID: PMC10175523 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protracted use of paracetamol at therapeutic/toxic doses readily induces major organ toxicity and poor clinical efficacy. Caesalpinia bonducella seeds possess a diverse range of biological and therapeutic activities. Thus, our study aimed to scrutinize the toxic effects of paracetamol and the potential renal and intestinal protective effects of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract (CBSE). To Wistar rats, CBSE was administered for 8 days (300 mg/kg, p.o.) with or without paracetamol (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) on the 8th day. Pertinent toxicity assessments in the kidney and intestine were analyzed at the end of the study. The CBASE's phytochemical components were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After the study period, study findings evidenced that paracetamol intoxication induced elevation of renal enzyme indicators, oxidative damage, imbalance with the pro/anti-inflammatory production and pro/anti-apoptotic mediators, and tissue injury; all repercussions were alleviated by pre-treatment with CBASE. CBASE considerably reduced (P < 0.05) paracetamol-induced kidney and intestine injury by limiting caspase-8/3 signaling and amplification of inflammation in renal and intestinal tissue by significantly reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. As per the GC-MS report, three main bioactive components-Piperine, Isocaryophyllene, and Tetradec-13-en-11-yn-1-ol were predominant and have protective activities. Our study ascertains that CBSE pre-treatment exerts potent renal and intestine protection against paracetamol intoxication. Thus, CBSE could be a prospective therapeutic candidate for protecting the kidney and intestine from the severity of paracetamol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Nithiyanandam
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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Ezugwu AL, Anaduaka EG, Chibuogwu CC, Ezeorba TPC. Meat tenderization using acetaminophen (paracetamol/APAP): A review on deductive biochemical mechanisms, toxicological implications and strategies for mitigation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15628. [PMID: 37159697 PMCID: PMC10163616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Meats consist of edible portions originating from domestic and wild animals. Meat's palatability and sensory accessibility largely depend on its tenderness to consumers. Although many factors influence meat tenderness, the cooking method cannot be neglected. Different chemical, mechanical, and natural means of meat tenderization have been considered healthy and safe for consumers. However, many households, food vendors, and bars in developing countries engage in the unhealthy use of acetaminophen (paracetamol/APAP) in meat tenderization due to the cost reduction it offers in the overall cooking process. Acetaminophen (paracetamol/APAP) is one of the most popular, relatively cheap, and ubiquitous over-the-counter drugs that induce serious toxicity challenges when misused. It is important to note that acetaminophen during cooking is hydrolyses into a toxic compound known as 4-aminophenol, which damages the liver and kidney and results in organ failure. Despite the reports on the increase in the use of acetaminophen for meat tenderizing in many web reports, there have not been any serious scientific publications on this subject. This study adopted classical/traditional methodology to review relevant literature retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using relevant key terms (Acetaminophen, Toxicity, Meat tenderization, APAP, paracetamol, mechanisms) and Boolean operators (AND and OR). This paper provides in-depth information on the hazard and health implications of consuming acetaminophen tenderized meat via genetic and metabolic pathways deductions. Understanding these unsafe practices will promote awareness and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Godwin Anaduaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Christian Chiazor Chibuogwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
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Izawa T, Travlos GS, Cortes RA, Clayton NP, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Absence of Increased Susceptibility to Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in a Diet-Induced NAFLD Mouse Model. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:112-125. [PMID: 37158481 PMCID: PMC10523943 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease and its influence on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is not fully understood. We investigated whether NAFLD can influence acetaminophen (APAP [N-acetyl-p-aminophenol])-induced hepatotoxicity in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NAFLD. The male C57BL/6NTac DIO mice, fed a high-fat diet for more than 12 weeks, developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatomegaly with hepatic steatosis, similar to human NAFLD. In the acute toxicity study after a single dose of APAP (150 mg/kg), compared with control lean mice, the DIO mice had decreased serum transaminase levels and less severe hepatocellular injury. The DIO mice also had altered expression of genes related to APAP metabolism. Chronic APAP exposure for 26 weeks did not predispose the DIO mice with NAFLD to more severe hepatotoxicity compared with the lean mice. These results suggested that the C57BL/6NTac DIO mouse model appears to be more tolerant to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than lean mice, potentially related to altered xenobiotic metabolizing capacity in the fatty liver. Further mechanistic studies with APAP and other drugs in NAFLD animal models are necessary to investigate the mechanism of altered susceptibility to intrinsic DILI in some human NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Izawa
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gregory S. Travlos
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Cortes
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Natasha P. Clayton
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert C. Sills
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Schmiemann D, Hohenschon L, Bartels I, Hermsen A, Bachmann F, Cordes A, Jäger M, Gutmann JS, Hoffmann-Jacobsen K. Enzymatic post-treatment of ozonation: laccase-mediated removal of the by-products of acetaminophen ozonation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53128-53139. [PMID: 36853537 PMCID: PMC10119220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is a powerful technique to remove micropollutants from wastewater. As chemical oxidation of wastewater comes with the formation of varying, possibly persistent and toxic by-products, post-treatment of the ozonated effluent is routinely suggested. This study explored an enzymatic treatment of ozonation products using the laccase from Trametes versicolor. A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis revealed that the major by-products were effectively degraded by the enzymatic post-treatment. The enzymatic removal of the by-products reduced the ecotoxicity of the ozonation effluent, as monitored by the inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. The ecotoxicity was more effectively reduced by enzymatic post-oxidation at pH 7 than at the activity maximum of the laccase at pH 5. A mechanistic HPLC-HRMS and UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis revealed that acidic conditions favored rapid conversion of the phenolic by-products to dead-end products in the absence of nucleophiles. In contrast, the polymerization to harmless insoluble polymers was favored at neutral conditions. Hence, coupling ozonation with laccase-catalyzed post-oxidation at neutral conditions, which are present in wastewater effluents, is suggested as a new resource-efficient method to remove persistent micropollutants while excluding the emission of potentially harmful by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schmiemann
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 32, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hohenschon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 32, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
- Wfk-Cleaning Technology-Institute e.V., Campus Fichtenhain 11, 47807, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Indra Bartels
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 32, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermsen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 32, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Bachmann
- ASA Spezialenzyme GmbH, Am Exer 19C, 38302, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Arno Cordes
- ASA Spezialenzyme GmbH, Am Exer 19C, 38302, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Martin Jäger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 32, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen Stefan Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann-Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 32, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.
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42
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AlMasoud N, Alomar TS, Xu Y, Lima C, Goodacre R. Rapid detection and quantification of paracetamol and its major metabolites using surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst 2023; 148:1805-1814. [PMID: 36938623 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00249g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) is an over-the-counter (OTC) drug that is commonly used as an analgesic for mild pain, headache, cold and flu. While in the short term it is a safe and effective medicine, it is sometimes used for attempted suicides particularly in young adults. In such circumstances it is important for rapid diagnosis of overdoses as antidotes can be given to limit liver damage from one of its primary metabolites N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Unfortunately, the demand for rapid and sensitive analytical techniques to accurately monitor the abuse of OTC drugs has significantly risen. Ideally these techniques would be highly specific, sensitive, reproducible, portable and rapid. In addition, an ideal point of care (PoC) test would enable quantitative detection of drugs and their metabolites present in body fluids. While Raman spectroscopy meets these specifications, there is a need for enhancement of the signal because the Raman effect is weak. In this study, we developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) methodology in conjunction with chemometrics to quantify the amount of paracetamol and its main primary metabolites (viz., paracetamol sulfate, p-acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide and NAPQI) in water and artificial urine. The enhancement of the SERS signals was achieved by mixing the drug or xenometabolites with a gold nanoparticle followed by aggregation with 0.045 M NaCl. We found that the SERS data could be collected directly, due to immediate analyte association with the Au surface and colloid aggregation. Accurate and precise measurements were generated, with a limit of detection (LoD) of paracetamol in water and artificial urine at 7.18 × 10-6 M and 2.11 × 10-5 M, respectively, which is well below the limit needed for overdose and indeed normal levels of paracetamol in serum after taking 1 g orally. The predictive values obtained from the analysis of paracetamol in water and artificial urine were also excellent, with the coefficient of determination (Q2) being 0.995 and 0.996, respectively (1 suggests a perfect model). It was noteworthy that when artificial urine was spiked with paracetamol, no aggregating agent was required due to the salt rich medium, which led to spontaneous aggregation. Moreover, for the xenometabolites of paracetamol excellent LoDs were obtained and these ranged from 2.6 × 10-4 M to 5 × 10-5 M with paracetamol sulfate and NAPQI having Q2 values of 0.934 and 0.892 and for p-acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide this was slightly lower at 0.6437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Taghrid S Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Yun Xu
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Cassio Lima
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Lim HK, Chen J, Lam W, Gong Y, Leclercq L, Silva J, Salter R, Berwaerts J, Gelotte CK, Vakil AM, Eichenbaum GE, Kuffner EK, Flores CM. Metabolism and disposition of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) in rats, dogs, nonhuman primates and humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105379. [PMID: 36931586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006), a novel non-opioid, non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with structural similarities to acetaminophen, demonstrated anti-pyretic and/or analgesic activities in preclinical models and humans and reduced potential to cause hepatotoxicity in preclinical species. Metabolism and disposition of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) following oral administration to rats, dogs, monkeys and humans are reported. Urinary excretion was the major route of elimination based on recovery of 88.6% (rats) and 73.7% (dogs) of oral dose. The compound was extensively metabolized based on low recovery of unchanged drug in excreta from rats (11.3%) and dogs (18.4%). Clearance is driven by O-glucuronidation, amide hydrolysis, O-sulfation and methyl oxidation pathways. The combination of metabolic pathways driving clearance in human is covered in at least one preclinical species despite a few species-dependent pathways. O-Glucuronidation was the major primary metabolic pathway of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) in dogs, monkeys and humans, although amide hydrolysis was another major primary metabolic pathway in rats and dogs. A minor bioactivation pathway to quinone-imine is observed only in monkeys and humans. Unchanged drug was the major circulatory component in all species investigated. Except for metabolic pathways unique to the 5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide moiety, metabolism and disposition of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) are similar to acetaminophen across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Keang Lim
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Wing Lam
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Yong Gong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jose Silva
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Rhys Salter
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Amy M Vakil
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Fort Washington, PA, USA
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Guimarães NSS, Ramos VS, Prado-Souza LFL, Lopes RM, Arini GS, Feitosa LGP, Silva RR, Nantes IL, Damasceno DC, Lopes NP, Rodrigues T. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Glycolic Extract Protects Liver Mitochondria from Oxidative Damage and Prevents Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030628. [PMID: 36978874 PMCID: PMC10045355 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is an aromatic culinary herb. Native to the Mediterranean region, it is currently cultivated worldwide. In addition to its use as a condiment in food preparation and in teas, rosemary has been widely employed in folk medicine and cosmetics. Several beneficial effects have been described for rosemary, including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Here, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the antioxidant activity of the glycolic extract of R. officinalis (Ro) in isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM) under oxidative stress conditions. We also investigated its protective effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. A crude extract was obtained by fractionated percolation, using propylene glycol as a solvent due to its polarity and cosmeceutical compatibility. The quantification of substances with recognized antioxidant action revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Dereplication studies carried out through LC-MS/MS and GC-MS, supported by The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform, annotated several phenolic compounds, confirming the previous observation. In accordance, Ro decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) elicited by Fe2+ or t-BOOH and inhibited the lipid peroxidation of mitochondrial membranes in a concentration-dependent manner in RLM. Such an effect was also observed in liposomes as membrane models. Ro also prevented the oxidation of mitochondrial protein thiol groups and reduced glutathione (GSH). In model systems, Ro exhibited a potent scavenger activity toward 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anions. It also demonstrated an Fe2+ chelating activity. Moreover, Ro did not exhibit cytotoxicity or dissipate the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψ) in rat liver fibroblasts (BRL3A cells). To evaluate whether such antioxidant protective activity observed in vitro could also be achieved in vivo, a well-established model of hepatotoxicity induced by acute exposure to acetaminophen (AAP) was used. This model depletes GSH and promotes oxidative-stress-mediated tissue damage. The treatment of rats with 0.05% Ro, administered intraperitoneally for four days, resulted in inhibition of AAP-induced lipid peroxidation of the liver and the prevention of hepatotoxicity, maintaining alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) levels equal to those of the normal, non-treated rats. Together, these findings highlight the potent antioxidant activity of rosemary, which is able to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage in vitro, and effects such as the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. S. Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes CEP 08780-911, SP, Brazil
| | - Vyctória S. Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes CEP 08780-911, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura F. L. Prado-Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André CEP 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Rayssa M. Lopes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André CEP 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S. Arini
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís G. P. Feitosa
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Silva
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Iseli L. Nantes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André CEP 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora C. Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu CEP 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes CEP 08780-911, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-4996-8371
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Abstract
The epidemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) favors drug consumption, which augments the risk of adverse events including liver injury. For more than 30 years, a series of experimental and clinical investigations reported or suggested that the common pain reliever acetaminophen (APAP) could be more hepatotoxic in obesity and related metabolic diseases, at least after an overdose. Nonetheless, several investigations did not reproduce these data. This discrepancy might come from the extent of obesity and steatosis, accumulation of specific lipid species, mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes-related parameters such as ketonemia and hyperglycemia. Among these factors, some of them seem pivotal for the induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which favors the conversion of APAP to the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). In contrast, other factors might explain why obesity and NAFLD are not always associated with more frequent or more severe APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity, such as increased volume of distribution in the body, higher hepatic glucuronidation and reduced CYP3A4 activity. Accordingly, the occurrence and outcome of APAP-induced liver injury in an obese individual with NAFLD would depend on a delicate balance between metabolic factors that augment the generation of NAPQI and others that can mitigate hepatotoxicity.
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Effects of Prenatal Paracetamol Exposure on the Development of Asthma and Wheezing in Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051832. [PMID: 36902618 PMCID: PMC10003539 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the report was to evaluate whether in utero exposure to paracetamol is associated with risk towards developing respiratory disorders such as asthma and wheeze after birth. MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published in English to December 2021. The study involved 330,550 women. We then calculated the summary risk estimates and 95% CIs and plotted forest plots using random effect models (DerSimonian-Laird method) and fixed effect models. We also performed a systematic review of the chosen articles and a meta-analysis of studies based on the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement. Accordingly, maternal exposure to paracetamol during pregnancy was associated with a significant increased risk of asthma: crude OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.48, p < 0.001; and significant increased risk of wheeze: crude OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.54, p < 0.002. Results of our study confirmed that maternal paracetamol use in pregnancy is associated with an enhanced risk of asthma and wheezing in their children. We believe paracetamol should be used with caution by pregnant women, and at the lowest effective dose, and for the shortest duration. Long-term use or the use of high doses should be limited to the indications recommended by a physician and with the mother-to-be under constant supervision.
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Li H, Weng Q, Gong S, Zhang W, Wang J, Huang Y, Li Y, Guo J, Lan T. Kaempferol prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatocyte ferroptosis via Nrf2 pathway activation. Food Funct 2023; 14:1884-1896. [PMID: 36723004 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) has become a growing public health problem. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death associated with lipid peroxide accumulation, has been recently implicated in AILI. The activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is a potential therapy for AILI. Kaempferol (KA), a flavonoid widely existing in edible plants, has been reported to exert profound anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate whether KA exerts anti-AILI effects via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mice were fasted for 22 h and injected intraperitoneally with APAP (250 mg kg-1) to induce AILI. Mice were pre-injected intragastrically with KA for 2 h followed by APAP injection. The hepatic injury was observed by H&E staining. Biochemical parameters of the serum and liver were measured using kits. KA alleviated hepatic injury and inflammatory response in AILI mice and ameliorated APAP-induced hepatic iron overload and oxidative stress in mice. In addition, the protective effects of KA against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were examined in L02 cells in vitro. Cell viability was assayed by the CCK8 assay. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in L02 cells were detected by MitoSox fluorescence. KA reversed the APAP-induced decrease in cell viability and GSH levels and inhibited the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Furthermore, KA activated the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated Gpx4 in mouse livers and L02 cells to inhibit ferroptosis induced by APAP. Finally, molecular docking indicated the potential interaction of KA with Keap1. Taken together, KA ameliorated oxidative stress and ferroptosis-mediated AILI by activating Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiqing Weng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weixian Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqiao Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanjun Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sato K, Mizutani A, Muranaka Y, Yao J, Kobayashi M, Yamazaki K, Nishii R, Nishi K, Nakanishi T, Tamai I, Kawai K. Biological Distribution after Oral Administration of Radioiodine-Labeled Acetaminophen to Estimate Gastrointestinal Absorption Function via OATPs, OATs, and/or MRPs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020497. [PMID: 36839818 PMCID: PMC9964641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the whole-body distribution of orally-administered radioiodine-125 labeled acetaminophen (125I-AP) to estimate gastrointestinal absorption of anionic drugs. 125I-AP was added to human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 and Flp293 cells expressing human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1/3, OATP2B1, organic anion transporter (OAT)1/2/3, or carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN)2, with and without bromosulfalein (OATP and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) inhibitor) and probenecid (OAT and MRP inhibitor). The biological distribution in mice was determined by oral administration of 125I-AP with and without bromosulfalein and by intravenous administration of 125I-AP. The uptake of 125I-AP was significantly higher in HEK293/OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OAT1, and OAT2 cells than that in mock cells. Bromosulfalein and probenecid inhibited OATP- and OAT-mediated uptake, respectively. Moreover, 125I-AP was easily excreted in the urine when administered intravenously. The accumulation of 125I-AP was significantly lower in the blood and urinary bladder of mice receiving oral administration of both 125I-AP and bromosulfalein than those receiving only 125I-AP, but significantly higher in the small intestine due to inhibition of OATPs and/or MRPs. This study indicates that whole-body distribution after oral 125I-AP administration can be used to estimate gastrointestinal absorption in the small intestine via OATPs, OATs, and/or MRPs by measuring radioactivity in the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Sato
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Asuka Mizutani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yuka Muranaka
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Jianwei Yao
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-265-2500
| | - Kana Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishii
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji 910-1193, Japan
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Semi-Targeted Profiling of Bile Acids by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in a Rat Model of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032489. [PMID: 36768813 PMCID: PMC9917070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a semi-targeted approach, we have investigated the effect of acetaminophen on circulating bile acid profiles in rats, including many known bile acids and potential isomeric structures, as well as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The chromatographic separation was based on an optimized reverse-phase method exhibiting excellent resolution for a complex mix of bile acids using a solid-core C18 column, coupled to a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight system. The semi-targeted workflow consisted of first assigning all peaks detectable in samples from 46 known bile acids contained in a standard mix, as well as additional peaks for other bile acid isomers. The presence of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates was also examined based on their elemental formulae and detectable peaks with matching exact masses were added to the list of features for statistical analysis. In this study, rats were administered acetaminophen at four different doses, from 75 to 600 mg/kg, with the highest dose being a good model of drug-induced liver injury. Statistically significant changes were found by comparing bile acid profiles between dosing levels. Some tentatively assigned conjugates were further elucidated using in vitro metabolism incubations with rat liver fractions and standard bile acids. Overall, 13 identified bile acids, 23 tentatively assigned bile acid isomers, and 9 sulfate conjugates were found to increase significantly at the highest acetaminophen dose, and thus could be linked to drug-induced liver injury.
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50
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Protective Effect of Annona muricata Linn Fruit Pulp Lyophilized Powder against Paracetamol-Induced Redox Imbalance and Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current investigation, Annona muricata Linn. lyophilized fruit pulp powder was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity induced by paracetamol or acetaminophen (APAP). Male Sprague Dawley rats were orally pre-treated for 15 days with A. muricata lyophilized fruit pulp powder at low (1 g/kg b.wt) and high doses (2 g/kg b.wt). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as the standard drug. Hepatotoxicity was induced using APAP, in a single oral administration of 2.5 g/kg body weight dosage on the 15th day. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated in the APAP group but were found to be significantly reduced in the pre-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. APAP administration brought down the serum total protein and albumin levels significantly. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were reduced in the APAP administration; further, the reduced glutathione pool in the tissue was also diminished significantly. However, with the administration of Annona lyophilized fruit pulp powder, the level of antioxidant parameters was near normal. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in the APAP group, while the silymarin, AML, and AMH groups exhibited resistance to lipid peroxidation (LPO), as evident from lower levels of LPO generated. Histopathological examination also revealed considerable tissue damage in the APAP alone treatment group, which was not devastating in the silymarin, AML, and AMH groups. Altogether, the study concludes that the lyophilized fruit pulp of A. muricata is protective against APAP-induced liver injury in rats by modulating the hepatic redox systems.
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