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Xi X, Cai J, Zhang C, Wang X. Does Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio Predict Mortality Risk in Patients With Heart Failure? Tex Heart Inst J 2024; 51:e238210. [PMID: 38686683 DOI: 10.14503/thij-23-8210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have established a positive correlation between serum uric acid to creatinine (SUA/Cr) ratio and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between SUA/Cr ratio and the prognosis of heart failure (HF) remains unknown. This study investigated the potential of SUA/Cr ratio as a prognostic predictor for patients with HF. METHODS This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 2,122 patients with HF between March 2013 and June 2017. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to SUA/Cr ratio tertiles and were followed up with until December 31, 2022. The association between SUA/Cr ratio and the prognosis of HF was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The mean (SD) age and mean (SD) SUA/Cr ratio of the study cohort (66% male) were 59.3 (14.7) years and 4.71 (2.09), respectively. During a median follow-up period of 15 months (range, 11-26 months), 390 end-point events were observed. Prognosis analysis revealed that a high SUA/Cr ratio was associated with an increased mortality risk of HF (hazard ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.26-2.09]; P < .001) compared with the SUA/Cr ratio in the lowest tertile. After adjusting for covariates, the hazard ratio for mortality risk of HF was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.23-2.37; P = .001). Subgroup analysis showed that mortality risk increased in direct proportion with the SUA/Cr ratio in female patients, patients with a history of hypertension and β-blocker use, and patients with UA levels below 428 μmol/L and creatinine levels less than 97 mg/dL. Stratification by age; by history of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking; and by level of fasting plasma glucose, however, had no obvious effect on the association between SUA/Cr ratio and HF prognosis. Patients with higher SUA/Cr ratios had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. CONCLUSION A high SUA/Cr ratio was an independent risk factor for the mortality risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Lu Y, Wang C, Chen H, Peng W, Zhang W, Zhang L, Wu C, Xie A, Lin Y, Sun Y, Pu Y, Fang B, Feng B. The interaction effect of depressive symptoms and inflammation on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:946-954. [PMID: 38199407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there was an interaction effect between depressive symptoms and inflammation on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was unclear. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 3346 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to explore the associations of depressive symptoms or inflammation with CVDs. The attributable proportion of interaction (API), and synergy index (SI) were applied for evaluating the statistical significance of the interaction effect. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were associated with 2.31-fold risk of CVDs [odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.47-3.62). The increased risk of CVDs was observed in people with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥1.88 group (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.85) and neutrophil/[white blood cell (WBC)-neutrophil] ≥1.35 (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-2.07) after adjusting for confounders. The interaction effect of depressive symptoms and high NLR on the risk of CVDs was statistically significant with an OR value of 2.60 (95%CI: 1.43-4.70) compared to low NLR and no depressive symptoms group after adjusting for confounders. The API was 0.66 (95%CI: 0.44-0.89) and SI was 4.23 (95%CI: 2.08-8.59). The interaction effect of depressive symptoms and high neutrophil/(WBC-neutrophil) was associated with the risk of CVDs compared to low neutrophil/(WBC-neutrophil) and no depressive symptoms group (OR = 3.59, 95%CI: 2.00-6.45). The API was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.63-0.93) and SI was 6.75 (95%CI: 3.55-12.82). CONCLUSION There was an interaction effect of depressive symptoms and inflammation on the occurrence of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Lu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Changde Wang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Chunlan Wu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Anjie Xie
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yudong Lin
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuting Pu
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Beilei Feng
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China.
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Li S, Xie X, Zeng X, Wang S, Lan J. Association between serum albumin to serum creatinine ratio and mortality risk in patients with heart failure. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2345-2355. [PMID: 37710402 PMCID: PMC10651659 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum albumin to serum creatinine ratio (sACR) and the prognosis of heart failure (HF). In this single-center prospective cohort study, a total of 2625 patients with HF were enrolled between March 2012 and June 2017. All patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of sACR. Of 2625 patients, the mean age was 57.0 ± 14.3 years. During a median follow-up time of 23 months, 666 end point events occurred. Prognosis analysis indicated that the lowest sACR was significantly associated with higher mortality risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.920, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.585-2.326, p < 0.001) when compared with the highest tertile. After adjusting for covariates including age, gender, diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and β-blocker use, the HRs for mortality risk of HF was 1.513 (95% CI = 1.070-2.139, p = 0.019). Subgroup analysis indicated that the mortality risk of HF statistically significantly reduced with the rise in sACR in patients with no β-blocker use, patients with serum creatine less than 97 μmol/L. However, stratification by age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, level of glycosylated hemoglobin, and albumin have no obvious effect on the association between sACR and the prognosis of HF. Additionally, patients with lower sACR displayed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The discriminant power of sACR alone and in combination with age, gender, SBP, heart rate, and glycosylated hemoglobin were excellent with C statistic of 0.655 and 0.889, respectively. Lower sACR was an independent risk factor for mortality risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
- Panzhihua Central Hospital affiliated to Dali UniversityYunnanChina
| | - Xiaoshuang Xie
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
| | - Shihai Wang
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
| | - Jianjun Lan
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
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Barghchi H, Dehnavi Z, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Alwaily ER, Almulla AF, Kareem AK, Barati M, Ranjbar G, Mohammadzadeh A, Rahimi P, Pahlavani N. The effects of Chlorella vulgaris on cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive review on putative molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114624. [PMID: 37018990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) make this condition as an important public health concern. The use of natural products in treating this chronic condition has increased in recent years one of which is the single-celled green alga Chlorella. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has been studied for its potential benefits to human health due to its biological and pharmacological features. CV contains a variety of macro and micronutrients, including proteins, omega-3, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Some studies have indicated that taking CV as a dietary supplement can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. In some studies, cardiovascular risk factors that are based on hematological indices did not show these benefits, and no molecular mechanisms have been identified. This comprehensive review summarized the research on the cardio-protective benefits of chlorella supplementation and the underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehnavi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
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Cheng AS, Li X. The Potential Biotherapeutic Targets of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8254. [PMID: 37175958 PMCID: PMC10178966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is manifested by an abrupt decline in kidney function as a consequence of intravascular exposure to contrast media. With the increased applicability of medical imaging and interventional procedures that utilize contrast media for clinical diagnosis, CI-AKI is becoming the leading cause of renal dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanism associated with CI-AKI involves renal medullary hypoxia, the direct toxicity of contrast agents, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and epigenetic regulation. To date, there is no effective therapy for CI-AKI, except for the development of strategies that could reduce the toxicity profiles of contrast media. While most of these strategies have failed, evidence has shown that the proper use of personalized hydration, contrast medium, and high-dose statins may reduce the occurrence of CI-AKI. However, adequate risk predication and attempts to develop preventive strategies can be considered as the key determinants that can help eliminate CI-AKI. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of CI-AKI is crucial to uncover molecular targets for the prevention of CI-AKI. This review has taken a step further to solidify the current known molecular mechanisms of CI-AKI and elaborate the biomarkers that are used to detect early-stage CI-AKI. On this foundation, this review will analyze the molecular targets relating to apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, and, thus, provide a strong rationale for therapeutic intervention in the prevention of CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shasha Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Gan T, Yang J, Jiang L, Gao Y. Living alone and cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:719-731. [PMID: 34477038 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1975784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore whether living alone could increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception to 5 October 2020. Cohort studies evaluating the relationship between living alone and cardiovascular outcomes were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore which characteristics would affect the relationship. A total of 13 effect sizes obtained from 11 studies were included and spanned from 1993 to 2019, with 424,286 participants. This study found that living alone increased the risk of cardiovascular outcomes (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10-1.36, I2 = 80.3%, P = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, living alone increased the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients from Europe (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61, I2 = 76.2%, P = 0.000), but not increased in Asia (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.83-1.66, I2 = 76.2%, P = 0.000) and multiple regions (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.08, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.738). For different cardiovascular outcomes, living alone has statistical significance in increasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, I2 = 84.0%, P = 0.000) and myocardial infarction (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21, I2 = 29.6%, P = 0.213). The risk of cardiovascular mortality in men was higher than women (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24-1.86 vs HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.85-1.20; P < 0.05 for interaction). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of the meta-analysis were robust. In conclusion, living alone could increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and men were more prone to cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingli Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yinyan Gao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kardanova SA, Kirichenko YY, Bochkarnikova OV, Antyufeeva ON, Kochkareva YB, Vinogradova OY, Privalova EV, Ilgisonis IS, Belenkov YN. Relationship Between Markers of the Acute Phase of Inflammation, Parameters of Blood Lipid Composition and Intracardiac Hemodynamics During Chemotherapy in Patients With Multiple Myeloma. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:18-26. [PMID: 36206134 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.9.n2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate in a pilot study time-related changes in the clinical state, indexes of the acute phase of inflammation, parameters of blood lipid profile, intracardiac hemodynamics, and disorders of cardiac rhythm/conduction in patients who are not candidates for autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, during three bortezomib-containing chemotherapy courses (VCD) followed by a correlation analysis.Material and methods This pilot study included 20 patients diagnosed with myeloma, who were not candidates for autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation and who had undergone three courses of VCD chemotherapy (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone). In addition to mandatory examinations, measurement of blood lipid profile, transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG), and 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring were performed for all participants before and after a specific therapy.Results Following three bortezomib-containing courses of chemotherapy, patients of the study group had significant increases in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (1.6±0.2 and 2.5±0.4; р=0.05), cholesterol concentration (4.8±1.1 and 5.6±1.1 mmol/l, р=0.05), and low-density lipoprotein concentration (2.8±0.4 and 3.5±0.8 mmol/l, р=0.02). In comparing the changes in parameters of intracardiac hemodynamics, criteria for genuine cardiotoxicity were not met, however, a tendency to emergence/progression of myocardial diastolic dysfunction was noted. No clinically significant disorders of cardiac rhythm/conduction were observed. The correlation analysis performed prior to the start of chemotherapy, showed significant strong, direct correlations between the C-protein concentration and left atrial (LA) volume (r=0.793; p=0.006), right atrial (RA) volume (r=0.857; p=0.002), left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension (EDD) (r=0.589; p=0.043), and LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r=0.726; p=0.017). Following the specific treatment, significant, medium-power and strong correlations were found between NLR and EDV (r= -0.673; p=0.033), NLR and end systolic volume (ESV) (r= -0.710; p=0.021), respectively. Significant direct correlations were found between the bortezomib dose per one injection and the serum concentration of triglycerides following the treatment (r=0.78; p=0.05); a single bortezomib dose and parameters of intracardiac hemodynamics: LA (r=0.71; p=0.026), RA (r=0.74; p=0.014), EDD (r=0.837; p=0.003), EDV (r=0.749; p=0.013), ESV (r=0.553; p=0.049).Conclusion For the first time, a comprehensive evaluation was performed in patients with multiple myeloma, including the dynamics of blood lipid profile, intracardiac hemodynamics and disorders of cardiac rhythm/conduction during bortezomib-containing antitumor therapy, with an analysis of correlation with levels of acute inflammation phase markers. Although in the observation window for genuine cardiotoxicity, clinically significant cardiovascular complications were not detected, the found correlations may evidence a potential role of systemic inflammation activity in myocardial remodeling in the studied patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kardanova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | | | | | | | - Yu B Kochkareva
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Department of Health
| | - O Yu Vinogradova
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Department of Health
| | - E V Privalova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - I S Ilgisonis
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - Yu N Belenkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
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Association between tooth loss and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2022; 123:104178. [PMID: 35661800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor oral health status may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, whether a specific association exists between tooth loss and hypertension is inconclusive. Accordingly, a quantitative systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and hypertension. METHODS Systematic search, data analysis and quality assessment were conducted on relevant literature published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Libraries until October 2021. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as effect size to evaluate the association between tooth loss and hypertension. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify whether difference was associated with study-level factors. RESULTS Of the 56 studies selected, 28 studies in 16 different countries involving 1,224,821 individuals were eligible for the systematic review. After adjustment for confounding factors, individuals with tooth loss had a higher risk for hypertension (OR 1.20; 95%CI 1.10-1.30, I2 = 40.02%). With respect to the risk of hypertension on tooth loss, individuals with hypertension still had a higher risk for tooth loss (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.07-1.62, I2 = 51.10%). Age limitation of the included population is the major source of heterogeneity. However, studies in which the population was limited to the elderly did not report an increase in association between tooth loss and hypertension compared with studies without age limitation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a bidirectional association between tooth loss and hypertension. Future longitudinal prospective studies are required to establish causality between tooth loss and hypertension. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Subjects with severe tooth loss should be carefully monitored for the manifestation of hypertension. The oral health status of hypertensive patients should also be meticulous maintained to prevent unwarranted tooth loss.
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Salvianolic Acid B Suppresses ER Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis via the AMPK/FoxO4 and Syndecan-4/Rac1 Signaling Pathways in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8332825. [PMID: 35340217 PMCID: PMC8947883 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8332825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates uncontrolled endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses can activate the inflammasome, which generally results in endothelial dysfunction, a major pathogenetic factor of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Salvianolic acid B (SalB), produced by Radix Salviae, exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in multiple cell types. However, SalB's effects on ER stress-related inflammasome and endothelial dysfunction remain unknown. Here, we showed SalB substantially abrogated ER stress-induced cell death and reduction in capillary tube formation, with declined intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) amounts and restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as increased expression of HO-1 and SOD2 in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs). ER stress suppression by CHOP or caspase-4 siRNA transfection attenuated the protective effect of SalB. Additionally, SalB alleviated ER stress-mediated pyroptotic cell death via the suppression of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome, as evidenced by reduced cleavage of caspase-1 and interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-18 secretion levels. Furthermore, this study provided a mechanistic basis that AMPK/FoxO4/KLF2 and Syndecan-4/Rac1/ATF2 signaling pathway modulation by SalB substantially prevented BM-EPCs damage associated with ER stress by decreasing intracellular ROS amounts and inducing NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. In summary, our findings identify that ER stress triggered mitochondrial ROS release and NLRP3 generation in BM-EPCs, while SalB inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptotic cell death by regulating the AMPK/FoxO4/KLF2 and Syndecan-4/Rac1/ATF2 pathways. The current findings reveal SalB as a potential new candidate for the treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Murugappan G, Leonard SA, Farland LV, Lau ES, Shadyab AH, Wild RA, Schnatz P, Carmichael SL, Stefanick ML, Parikh NI. Association of infertility with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal participants in the Women’s Health Initiative. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:1038-1046. [PMID: 35305814 PMCID: PMC9081220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of infertility with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among postmenopausal participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). We hypothesized that nulliparity and pregnancy loss may reveal more extreme phenotypes of infertility, enabling further understanding of the association of infertility with ASCVD. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Forty clinical centers in the United States. PATIENT(S) A total of 158,787 postmenopausal participants in the Women's Health Initiative cohort. INTERVENTION(S) Infertility, parity, and pregnancy loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcome was risk of ASCVD among women with and without a history of infertility, stratified by history of live birth and pregnancy loss. Cox proportional-hazards models were adjusted for demographics and risk factors for ASCVD. RESULT(S) Among 158,787 women, 25,933 (16.3%) reported a history of infertility; 20,427 (80%) had at least 1 live birth; and 9,062 (35%) had at least 1 pregnancy loss. There was a moderate overall association between infertility and ASCVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.06) over 19 years of follow-up. Among nulliparous women, infertility was associated with a 13% higher risk of ASCVD (95% CI, 1.04-1.23). Among nulliparous women who had a pregnancy loss, infertility was associated with a 36% higher risk of ASCVD (95% CI, 1.09-1.71). CONCLUSION(S) Women with a history of infertility overall had a moderately higher risk of ASCVD compared with women without a history of infertility. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk was much higher among nulliparous infertile women and among nulliparous infertile women who also had a pregnancy loss, suggesting that in these more extreme phenotypes, infertility may be associated with ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathree Murugappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
| | - Stephanie A Leonard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Leslie V Farland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emily S Lau
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert A Wild
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Peter Schnatz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital, Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, California
| | - Nisha I Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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11
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Lee W, Yim HW, Lee Y. Cohort study of long working hours and increase in blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration: Mechanisms of overwork and cardiovascular disease. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12359. [PMID: 36101013 PMCID: PMC9470891 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to find evidence of the inflammation-mediated mechanism by which long working hours contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS This cohort study was performed in 56 953 Korean adults free of CVD who underwent a comprehensive screening examination and were followed for up to 7 years. An increase in blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) of 1 mg/L or more at the follow-up visit was defined as an incidence. The average weekly working hours in the past year were categorized as ≤40, 41-52, 53-60, and ≥60 h per week. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized estimating equations to calculate the risk of an incidental increase of hsCRP. RESULTS Participants with longer working hours had a higher incidence of hsCRP. Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of incident cases for ≥61 h compared with ≤40 h was 1.69 (1.04-2.75). In subgroup analyses according to sex and the presence of hypertension and diabetes, the risk of hsCRP incidence were highest in the group working more than 61 h in all subgroups, but none of them were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Working hours are independently associated with increased risk of elevated hsCRP in a dose-response relationship. Excessive long-time work is a risk factor for CVD, and it was found that an increase in hsCRP was associated with the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woncheol Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate SchoolThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeseong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
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12
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Alam MJ, Puppala V, Uppulapu SK, Das B, Banerjee SK. Human microbiome and cardiovascular diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:231-279. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Ugovšek S, Zupan J, Rehberger Likozar A, Šebeštjen M. Influence of lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation: what is yet to be done? Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:855-869. [PMID: 35832698 PMCID: PMC9266870 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with risk of cardiovascular events. The best-characterised and well-standardised clinical indicator of inflammation is C-reactive protein. Current evidence-based drug therapies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are mainly focused on reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, these drugs do not provide sufficient protection against recurrent cardiovascular events. One of the possible mechanisms behind this recurrence might be the persistence of residual inflammation. For the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs, the statins, their reduction of cardiovascular events goes beyond lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, we review the effects of these lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation, considering statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid and antisense oligonucleotides. We focus in particular on C-reactive protein, and discuss how the effects of the statins might be related to reduced rates of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ugovšek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Miran Šebeštjen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Cardiology, Slovenia
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14
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Tear Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Keratoconus: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6628923. [PMID: 34631885 PMCID: PMC8497143 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the tear levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with keratoconus (KC). Design Systemic review and meta-analysis. Methods The following electronic databases and search engine were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A systematic search of all relevant studies published through January 2021 was conducted, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cytokine levels were calculated to estimate the pooled effects. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and metaregression were applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results A total of 7 studies with 374 participants (374 eyes) from clinical studies were included. The tear levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly increased in KC compared with normal controls. The SMD of IL-1β was 1.93 (95% CI 0.22 to 3.65, P = 0.03). The SMD of IL-6 was 1.22 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.84, P < 0.001). The SMD of TNF-α was 1.75 (95% CI 0.66 to 2.83, P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the two groups on interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The SMD for IL-4 was 2.36 (95% CI -0.28 to 5.00, P = 0.08) and for IL-10 was 0.30 (95% CI -1.29 to 1.89, P = 0.71). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the heterogeneity maybe significantly correlated with the method of detection, the different ages, and the source of population. Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased, indicating that cytokine profile changed in KC tears and inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of KC.
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15
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Miller KG, Gianaros PJ, Kamarck TW, Anderson BA, Muldoon MF, Manuck SB. Cortisol activity partially accounts for a relationship between community socioeconomic position and atherosclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105292. [PMID: 34144404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to others, individuals living in communities of socioeconomic disadvantage experience more atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a greater extent of preclinical atherosclerosis. Although the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, it is widely hypothesized that alterations in normative cortisol release from the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis may play a role in linking lower community socioeconomic position (C-SEP) to CVD risk. The current study examined this hypothesis in relation to a marker of preclinical atherosclerosis among 488 healthy midlife adults (30-54 years, Mean age= 43, 52% Female, 81% White). All participants were employed and without clinical CVD. C-SEP was estimated from census tract data, and atherosclerosis was measured as intima-medial thickness of the carotid arteries (cIMT) by duplex ultrasonography. Four indicators of HPA activity [cortisol at awakening and the cortisol awakening response (CAR), rate of diurnal decline in cortisol (diurnal slope), and total output expressed as area under the curve (AUC)] were derived from salivary cortisol measurements obtained from 5 samples on each of 3 working days. Path analyses were used to examine associations of C-SEP with cIMT and HPA activity and to test whether individual differences in HPA activity could account for any association of C-SEP with cIMT using bootstrapping (5000 iterations). All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and composite measures of both individual-level socioeconomic position (income, education, occupation), and cardiometabolic risk (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting lipids and glucose). Lower C-SEP was related to both greater cIMT (b = -0.004, p = .021) and a flatter diurnal slope of cortisol (b = -0.001, p = .039). An indirect effect showed attenuated diurnal slope to partially mediate the relationship between C-SEP and cIMT (95% CI = -0.0018 to -0.0001), and a residual direct effect of C-SEP on cIMT remained significant (95% CI = -0.0097 to -0.004). These results suggest that low C-SEP associations with preclinical atherosclerosis may be due in part to correlated variation in adrenocortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa G Miller
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90808, USA.
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Thomas W Kamarck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Barbara A Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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16
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Szwed P, Gąsecka A, Zawadka M, Eyileten C, Postuła M, Mazurek T, Szarpak Ł, Filipiak KJ. Infections as Novel Risk Factors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathophysiological Links and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2539. [PMID: 34201137 PMCID: PMC8229654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the major cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the continuous progress in ASCVD therapy, the residual risk persists beyond the management of traditional risk factors. Several infections including Helicobacter pylori infection, periodontal disease, and viral infections are associated with the increased risk of ASCVD, both directly by damage to the heart muscle and vasculature, and indirectly by triggering a systemic proinflammatory state. Hence, beyond the optimal management of the traditional ASCVD risk factors, infections should be considered as an important non-classical risk factor to enable early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Here, we summarized the currently available evidence regarding the role of inflammation in ASCVD and the association between the particular infections and pathogens (Helicobacter pylori, periodontal disease, pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus, Human immunodeficiency virus, Herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) on the development and progression of ASCVD. We also speculated about the potential therapeutic implications of the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective drugs on ASCVD outcomes, including drugs routinely administered in patients with ASCVD (statins, P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers) and novel strategies aiming at residual risk reduction (colchicine, anti-cytokine drugs, and methotrexate). Considering the emerging association between infections and ASCVD, it is crucial to determine the possible advantages of infection prevention and treatment in patients with ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szwed
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Mateusz Zawadka
- 2nd Department of Anaestesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Marek Postuła
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland;
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, 02-034 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
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17
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Tonouchi R, Okada T, Abe Y, Kazama M, Kuromori Y, Yoshino Y, Iwata F, Hara M, Saito E, Morioka I. Subclass distribution of low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and the clustering of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese children. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:664-670. [PMID: 33020997 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein-tryglyceride (LDL-TG) may represent another marker of cardiovascular risks. We therefore measured LDL-TG including the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution and investigated the association between LDL-TG subclass profile and the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and insulin resistance in Japanese children. METHODS The study included 237 schoolchildren (boys 115, girls 122). Four subclasses of low-density lipoprotein-tryglyceride (large, medium, small, and very small) was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Total LDL-TG and TG levels in LDL subclasses were evaluated among four MetS component groups; non-abdominal obesity, abdominal obesity, pre-MetS, and MetS. RESULTS Total LDL-TG (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0175) and triglyceride levels in LDL subclasses were significantly different among four MetS component groups (large: P = 0.0002, P = 0.0084; medium: P = 0.0009, P = 0.0491; small: P =0.0025, P = 0.0509; very small: P = 0.0808, P = 0.0228; boys and girls, respectively). Total LDL-TG (r = 0.411, P < 0.0001, r = 0.378. P < 0.0001) and triglyceride levels in LDL subclasses correlated positively with the homeostasis model of assessment ratio (large: r = 0.396, P < 0.0001, r = 0.346, P < 0.0001; medium: r = 0.274, P = 0.0030, r = 0.228, P = 0.0115; small: r = 0.342, P = 0.0002, r = 0.292, P = 0.0011; very small: r = 0.385, P < 0.0001, r = 0.426, P < 0.0001, boys and girls, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Subclass distribution of LDL-TG was significantly associated with the clustering of MetS components in both sexes, and insulin resistance is a significant determinant of LDL-TG in all LDL subclasses. Lipoprotein-tryglyceride subclass analysis, rather than LDL-C, may provide a precise evaluation for cardiovascular disease risks in children with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryousuke Tonouchi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan
| | - Tomoo Okada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Life Sciences, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Yuriko Abe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan
| | - Minako Kazama
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuromori
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan
| | - Yayoi Yoshino
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiko Hara
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Toyko, Japan
| | - Emiko Saito
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Toyko, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Toyko, Japan
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18
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Merz MP, Turner JD. Is early life adversity a trigger towards inflammageing? Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111377. [PMID: 33905877 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are many 'faces' of early life adversity (ELA), such as childhood trauma, institutionalisation, abuse or exposure to environmental toxins. These have been implicated in the onset and severity of a wide range of chronic non-communicable diseases later in life. The later-life disease risk has a well-established immunological component. This raises the question as to whether accelerated immune-ageing mechanistically links early-life adversity to the lifelong health trajectory resulting in either 'poor' or 'healthy' ageing. Here we examine observational and mechanistic studies of ELA and inflammageing, highlighting common and distinct features in these two life stages. Many biological processes appear in common including reduction in telomere length, increased immunosenescence, metabolic distortions and chronic (viral) infections. We propose that ELA shapes the developing immune, endocrine and nervous system in a non-reversible way, creating a distinct phenotype with accelerated immunosenescence and systemic inflammation. We conclude that ELA might act as an accelerator for inflammageing and age-related diseases. Furthermore, we now have the tools and cohorts to be able to dissect the interaction between ELA and later life phenotype. This should, in the near future, allow us to identify the ecological and mechanistic processes that are involved in 'healthy' or accelerated immune-ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Merz
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 avenue de Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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19
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Lorenzatti AJ. Anti-inflammatory Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Results of Clinical Trials. Eur Cardiol 2021; 16:e15. [PMID: 33976710 PMCID: PMC8086421 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2020.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the vasculature where cholesterol accumulates in the arterial wall stimulating infiltration of immune cells. This plays an important role in plaque formation, as well as complications caused by its build up. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are implicated throughout the progression of the disease and different therapies that aim to resolve this chronic inflammation, reduce cardiovascular (CV) events and improve clinical outcomes have been tested. The results from the pivotal CANTOS trial show that targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β successfully reduces the incidence of secondary CV events. This review briefly assesses the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, providing a picture of the multiple players involved in the process and offering a perspective on targeting inflammation to prevent atherosclerotic CV events, as well as focusing on the results of the latest Phase III clinical trials.
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20
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Abstract
Thromboinflammation involves complex interactions between actors of inflammation and immunity and components of the hemostatic system, which are elicited upon infection or tissue injury. In this context, the interplay between platelets and innate immune cells has been intensively investigated. The ATP-gated P2X1 ion channel, expressed on both platelets and neutrophils is of particular interest. On platelets, this ion channel contributes to platelet activation and thrombosis, especially under high shear stress conditions of small arteries, whereas on neutrophils, it is involved in chemotaxis and in mitigating the activation of circulating cells. In vitro studies indicate that it may also be implicated in platelet-dependent immune responses during bacterial infection. More recently, in a mouse model of intestinal epithelial barrier disruption causing systemic inflammation, it has been reported that neutrophil P2X1 ion channel could play a protective role against exaggerated inflammation-associated thrombosis. This review will focus on this unique role of the ATP-gated P2X1 ion channel in thromboinflammation, highlighting possible implications and pointing to the need for further investigation of the role of P2X1 ion channels in the interplay between platelets and neutrophils during thrombus formation under various sterile or infectious inflammatory settings and in distinct vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Oury
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Odile Wéra
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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21
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Yu J, Zhu H, Taheri S, Mondy W, Perry S, Kindy MS. Plant-Based Nutritional Supplementation Attenuates LPS-Induced Low-Grade Systemic Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020573. [PMID: 33430045 PMCID: PMC7826722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based nutritional supplementation has been shown to attenuate and reduce mortality in the processes of both acute and chronic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Low-level systemic inflammation is an important contributor to these afflictions and diets enriched in phytochemicals can slow the progression. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on changes in glucose and insulin tolerance, performance enhancement, levels of urinary neopterin and concentrations of neurotransmitters in the striatum in mouse models. Both acute and chronic injections of LPS (2 mg/kg or 0.33 mg/kg/day, respectively) reduced glucose and insulin tolerance and elevated neopterin levels, which are indicative of systemic inflammatory responses. In addition, there were significant decreases in striatal neurotransmitter levels (dopamine and DOPAC), while serotonin (5-HT) levels were essentially unchanged. LPS resulted in impaired execution in the incremental loading test, which was reversed in mice on a supplemental plant-based diet, improving their immune function and maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, plant-based nutritional supplementation attenuated the metabolic changes elicited by LPS injections, causing systemic inflammatory activity that contributed to both systemic and neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.T.); (W.M.)
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.T.); (W.M.)
| | - Saeid Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.T.); (W.M.)
| | - William Mondy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.T.); (W.M.)
| | | | - Mark S. Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.T.); (W.M.)
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Morvaridzadeh M, Fazelian S, Agah S, Khazdouz M, Rahimlou M, Agh F, Potter E, Heshmati S, Heshmati J. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytokine 2020; 135:155224. [PMID: 32763761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of ginger supplementation on circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The search included PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized clinical trials on the effect of ginger supplementation on circulation levels of CRP, hs-CRP, IL-6, sICAM, and TNF-α published up until February 1st, 2020. We did not restrict articles based on language of publication. Standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for net changes in inflammatory mediators using a random-effects model. Sixteen RCTs comprising 1010 participants were found to be eligible for this meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction of circulating CRP (SMD: -5.11, 95% CI: -7.91, -2.30, I2 = 98.1%), hs-CRP (SMD: -0.88, 95% CI: -1.63, -0.12, I2 = 90.8%) and TNF-α levels (SMD: -0.85, 95% CI: -1.48, -0.21, I2 = 89.4%) following ginger supplementation. However, meta-analysis results did not show any significant impact of ginger supplementation on IL-6 (SMD: -0.45, 95% CI: -1.29, 0.38, I2 = 89.2%), and sICAM levels (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.26, I2 = 00.0%). This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrates a significant impact of ginger in lowering circulating CRP, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels. Large-scale RCTs are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about the effect of ginger on other inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Fazelian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khazdouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Agh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eric Potter
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Shilan Heshmati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Miki S, Suzuki JI, Kunimura K, Morihara N. Mechanisms underlying the attenuation of chronic inflammatory diseases by aged garlic extract: Involvement of the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1462-1467. [PMID: 32010323 PMCID: PMC6966139 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase and an important regulator of energy metabolism. The decreased activity of AMPK induced by low-grade chronic inflammation has been implicated in several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the activation of AMPK by natural and synthetic products can ameliorate these diseases through the inhibition of inflammation. For example, aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to enhance the phosphorylation of Thr172 of the α-subunit of AMPK in several tissues of disease model animals. In addition, AGE has been reported to suppress the progression of atherosclerotic plaque formation in an animal model of atherosclerosis. Moreover, AGE has been found to decrease the level of plasma glycated albumin and to improve hyperglycemia in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. These inhibitory effects of AGE are induced by the suppression of the inflammatory response. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms through which AGE activates AMPK, as well as the mechanisms through which the activation of AMPK by AGE modulates the inflammatory response in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Miki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Naoaki Morihara
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.,Research and Development, Wakunaga of America Co., Ltd., Mission Viejo, CA 92691, USA
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