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Sullivan BD, Smith GT, Gupta A, Harman F, Ansari E. Impact of Clinician Subjectivity on the Assessment of Dry Eye Disease Prevalence in a UK Public Health Care Patient Population. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:743-753. [PMID: 38476359 PMCID: PMC10929644 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s452149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the impact of subjectivity on diagnosis rates of dry eye disease (DED) in an unbiased population. Patients and Methods A multicenter study enrolled 818 subjects with complete report forms (465 females, 67.1 ± 16.7 years, 353 males, 65.0 ± 15.9 years). Subjects were evaluated for staining, TBUT, tear osmolarity, meibomian gland disease, and OSDI. Results Physicians diagnosed 48.7% of subjects as having DED, ranging from 42.9% to 62.3% between sites. Positivity rates for staining (≥ grade 1) ranged from 41.3% to 84.1% (mean = 0.8 ± 0.9 grade), TBUT (<10s) ranged from 39.1% to 61.6% (mean = 10.4 ± 6.6 seconds), osmolarity (>308 mOsm/L) ranged from 63.7% to 72.4% (mean = 319.7 ± 20.8), MGD grading ranged from 28.9% to 51.3% (mean = 0.5 ± 0.7), and symptoms measured by OSDI ranged from 57.6% to 71.0% (mean = 23.5 ± 20.5) between sites. Tear osmolarity was the most consistent between sites (max/min positivity = 114%), followed by OSDI (123%), TBUT (158%), MGD (178%), and staining (204%). DED markers were uncorrelated (average r2 = 0.05 ± 0.07). A substantial number of subjects (N = 110) exhibited positive symptoms (OSDI = 32.4 ± 15.7) and hyperosmolarity (338.1 ± 20.1 mOsm/L) but no other obvious signs of DED (MGD grade = 0.2 ± 0.4, TBUT = 13.5 ± 7.0 seconds, staining grade = 0.4 ± 0.5). Conclusion Subjective signs of DED varied considerably, whereas objective measurements of OSDI and osmolarity were the most consistent between sites. A large proportion of subjects exhibited high symptoms and hyperosmolarity but no other obvious signs of dry eye disease, most of whom were undiagnosed by clinical assessment without access to the osmolarity measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy T Smith
- The Great Western Hospital NHS Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Arun Gupta
- Ashford and St Peters NHS Trust, Ashford, UK
| | | | - Ejaz Ansari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maidstone & Tunbridge Wells Hospitals, Maidstone, Kent, UK
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VanDerMeid KR, Byrnes MG, Millard K, Scheuer CA, Phatak NR, Reindel W. Comparative Analysis of the Osmoprotective Effects of Daily Disposable Contact Lens Packaging Solutions on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:247-258. [PMID: 38292853 PMCID: PMC10825585 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s437841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Contact lens (CL) wear challenges the balance of the ocular surface environment by increasing water evaporation and tear osmolarity. Maintaining ocular surface homeostasis during CL wear remains a goal of lens manufacturers and an important consideration for eye care professionals. The purpose of this study was to measure the metabolic activity and inflammatory responses of a transformed human corneal epithelial cell (THCEpiC) line under hyperosmotic conditions in the presence of CL packaging solutions. Methods CL packaging solutions sampled from seven daily disposable silicone hydrogel CL blister packages were prepared at 25% and made hyperosmolar (400 mOsm/kg) with NaCl. THCEpiCs were incubated with each solution for 24 hr, after which cell culture supernatants were collected. THCEpiC metabolic activity was determined by an alamarBlue assay. Concentrations in cell culture supernatants of inflammatory cytokine (interleukin [IL]-6) and chemokine (IL-8), as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), were quantitated by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results THCEpiC metabolic activity under hyperosmolar conditions decreased in the presence of somofilcon A and senofilcon A solutions (p=0.04 and 0.004, respectively), but no other solution (all p≥0.09). Concentrations of IL-6 increased in the presence of delefilcon A, somofilcon A, narafilcon A, and senofilcon A solutions (all p≤0.001), but no other solution (all p≥0.08), while those of IL-8 increased in the presence of all solutions (all p≤0.03) but kalifilcon A (p>0.99), and those of MCP-1 increased in the presence of delefilcon A, verofilcon A, somofilcon A, and stenfilcon A solutions (all p<0.0001), but no other solution (all p>0.99). Conclusion CL packaging solutions differ in their capacity to inhibit epithelial inflammation. THCEpiC inflammatory response was less in the presence of a CL packaging solution containing osmoprotectants than in solutions lacking osmoprotectants under moderately hyperosmolar conditions in vitro. Clinical studies are warranted to further substantiate the benefit of osmoprotectants.
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Faustino-Barros JF, Saranzo Sant'Ana AM, Dias LC, de Andrade Batista Murashima A, Costa Mendes da Silva LE, Fantucci MZ, Garcia DM, Rocha EM. Distinct Inflammatory and Oxidative Effects of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism in the Lacrimal Functional Unit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086974. [PMID: 37108138 PMCID: PMC10138510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism (HT) are prevalent diseases associated with dry eye (DE). Their impact on the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) is poorly known. This work evaluates the changes in the LFU in DM and HT. Adult male Wistar rats had the disease induced as follows: (a) DM: streptozotocin and (b) HT: methimazole. The tear film (TF) and blood osmolarity were measured. Cytokine mRNA was compared in the lacrimal gland (LG), trigeminal ganglion (TG), and cornea (CO). Oxidative enzymes were evaluated in the LG. The DM group showed lower tear secretion (p = 0.02) and higher blood osmolarity (p < 0.001). The DM group presented lower mRNA expression of TRPV1 in the cornea (p = 0.03), higher Il1b mRNA expression (p = 0.03), and higher catalase activity in the LG (p < 0.001). The DM group presented higher Il6 mRNA expression in the TG (p = 0.02). The HT group showed higher TF osmolarity (p < 0.001), lower expression of Mmp9 mRNA in the CO (p < 0.001), higher catalase activity in the LG (p = 0.002), and higher expression of Il1b mRNA in the TG (p = 0.004). The findings revealed that DM and HT induce distinct compromises to the LG and the entire LFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino-Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ariane Mirela Saranzo Sant'Ana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lara Cristina Dias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Zílio Fantucci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Denny Marcos Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Melani Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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Nagaarudkumaran N, Mirzapour P, McCanna D, Ngo W. Temporal Change in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression from Immortalized Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Hyperosmotic Stress. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1488-1495. [PMID: 36107828 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2125531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the metabolic activity, and cytokine expression over time from immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to hyperosmotic stress. METHODS HCECs were cultured and expanded in DMEM/F-12 with 10% FBS. The cells were exposed to either normal media (295 mmol/kg) or hyperosmolar media (500 mmol/kg) for 0.25, 3, 6, and 12 hours. After each exposure duration, metabolic activity was quantified using alamarBlue, and a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) was quantified using multiplexed electrochemiluminescence (Meso Scale Diagnostics, Rockville, MD). RESULTS Metabolic activity of the HCEC exposed to hyperosmolar conditions was significantly reduced at the 3-, 6-, and 12-hour mark compared to the control (all p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in cytokine expression between the hyperosmolar media and control at the 0.25- and 3-hour mark for all cytokines (all p ≥ 0.28). The difference in cytokine expression between the hyperosmolar media and the control was significant for IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, and TNF-α at the 6-hour mark (all p ≤ 0.02). No significant change in cytokine expression between the hyperosmolar media and control was noted for IL-2, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ (all p ≥ 0.74) at the 6-hour mark. CONCLUSION Hyperosmolar stress reduced cell metabolic activity and increased expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL6, IL8, IL-12p70, IL-13, and TNF-α over a 6-hour period in an immortalized HCEC line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijani Nagaarudkumaran
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Parisa Mirzapour
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - David McCanna
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong SAR, China
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Thanuja M, Ranganath SH, Bonanno JA, Srinivas SP. Nanoliposomes for Sensing Local Osmolarity of the Tear Film on the Corneal Surface. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:549-560. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.Y. Thanuja
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Sudhir H. Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
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Stuard WL, Guner MK, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 Regulates Mitochondrial Hyperfusion and Metabolic Activity in Ocular Surface Epithelia during Hyperosmolar Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074066. [PMID: 35409425 PMCID: PMC9000157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the eye, hyperosmolarity of the precorneal tear film triggers inflammation and the development of dry eye disease (DED), a highly prevalent condition that causes depression and disability in severe forms. A member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, the IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), is a pleiotropic protein with known roles in growth downregulation and survival. IGFBP-3 exerts these effects by blocking IGF-1 activation of the type 1 IGF-receptor (IGF-1R). Here, we examined a new IGF-independent role for IGFBP-3 in the regulation of mitochondrial and metabolic activity in ocular surface epithelial cells subject to hyperosmolar stress and in a mouse model of DED. We found that hyperosmolar stress decreased IGFBP-3 expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with exogenous IGFBP-3 induced an early, transient shift in IGF-1R to mitochondria, followed by IGFBP-3 nuclear accumulation. IGFBP-3 nuclear accumulation increased protein translation, blocked the hyperosmolar-mediated decrease in oxidative phosphorylation through the induction of mitochondrial hyperfusion, and restored corneal health in vivo. These data indicate that IGFBP-3 acts a stress response protein in ocular surface epithelia subject to hyperosmolar stress. These findings may lead to the development of first-in-class therapeutics to treat eye diseases with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Protective effects of low-molecular-weight components of adipose stem cell-derived conditioned medium on dry eye syndrome in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21874. [PMID: 34750552 PMCID: PMC8575953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the protective effects of low-molecular-weight adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (LADSC-CM) in a mouse model of dry eye syndrome. Mice subjected to desiccating stress and benzalkonium chloride had decreased tear secretion, impaired corneal epithelial tight junction with microvilli, and decreased conjunctival goblet cells. Topical application of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) stimulated lacrimal tear secretion, preserved tight junction and microvilli of the corneal epithelium, and increased the density of goblet cells and MUC16 expression in the conjunctiva. The low-molecular-weight fractions (< 10 kDa and < 3 kDa) of ADSC-CM (LADSC-CM) provided better protections than the > 10 kDa or > 3 kDa fractions of ADSC-CM. In the in vitro study, desiccation for 10 min or hyperosmolarity (490 osmols) for 24 h caused decreased viability of human corneal epithelial cells, which were reversed by LADSC-CM. The active ingredients in the LADSC-CM were lipophobic and stable after heating and lyophilization. Our study demonstrated that LADSC-CM had beneficial effects on experimental dry eye. It is worthy of further exploration for the active ingredient(s) and the mechanism.
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8
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Shamloo K, Mistry P, Barbarino A, Ross C, Jhanji V, Sharma A. Differential Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines on Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Mucins and Glycocalyx. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:17. [PMID: 34128966 PMCID: PMC8212448 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.7.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ocular surface mucins and glycocalyx are critical for providing ocular hydration as well lubrication and repelling pathogens or allergens. Elevated levels of tear proinflammatory cytokines in dry eye may have detrimental effect on mucins and glycocalyx. The present study tested the effect of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ on membrane-tethered mucins expression, glycocalyx, and viability of ocular surface epithelial cells. Methods Stratified cultures of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ for 24 hours. The mucins gene and protein expressions were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The glycocalyx was imaged using confocal microscopy after staining with Alexa 488-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin lectin. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death was quantified using flow cytometry. Results IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ treatment resulted in a significant increase in mucins (MUC)1 and MUC4 gene and protein expression in human corneal epithelial cells but caused no significant changes in the levels of these mucins in conjunctival epithelial cells. Further, these cytokines decreased MUC16 expression in both corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. Moreover, no notable change in glycocalyx or apoptotic cell death in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells was noted with any of the tested cytokines, but IL-6 and TNF-α exposure increased necrotic cell death in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, respectively. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines have differential effects on human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell mucins expression, but do not cause any damage to ocular surface epithelial cell glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Shamloo
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Priya Mistry
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Barbarino
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Ross
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
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Bogdan ED, Stuard WL, Titone R, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 Mediates Metabolic Homeostasis During Hyperosmolar Stress in the Corneal Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 34100890 PMCID: PMC8196413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a multifunctional secretory protein with well-known roles in cell growth and survival. Data in our laboratory suggest that IGFBP-3 may be functioning as a stress response protein in the corneal epithelium. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of IGFBP-3 in mediating the corneal epithelial cell stress response to hyperosmolarity, a well-known pathophysiological event in the development of dry eye disease. Methods Telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells were used in this study. Cells were cultured in serum-free media with (growth) or without (basal) supplements. Hyperosmolarity was achieved by increasing salt concentrations to 450 and 500 mOsM. Metabolic and mitochondrial changes were assessed using Seahorse metabolic flux analysis and assays for mitochondrial calcium, polarization and mtDNA. Levels of IGFBP-3 and inflammatory mediators were quantified using ELISA. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. In select experiments, cells were cotreated with 500 ng/mL recombinant human (rh)IGFBP-3. Results Hyperosmolar stress altered metabolic activity, shifting cells towards a respiratory phenotype. Hyperosmolar stress further altered mitochondrial calcium levels, depolarized mitochondria, decreased levels of ATP, mtDNA, and expression of IGFBP-3. In contrast, hyperosmolar stress increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Supplementation with rhIGFBP-3 abrogated metabolic and mitochondrial changes with only marginal effects on IL-8. Conclusions These findings indicate that IGFBP-3 is a critical protein involved in hyperosmolar stress responses in the corneal epithelium. These data further support a new role for IGFBP-3 in the control of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Bogdan
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Whitney L Stuard
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Rossella Titone
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Senthil K, Jiao H, Downie LE, Chinnery HR. Altered Corneal Epithelial Dendritic Cell Morphology and Phenotype Following Acute Exposure to Hyperosmolar Saline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 62:38. [PMID: 33625479 PMCID: PMC7910639 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological and phenotypic responses of corneal epithelial dendritic cells (DCs) to acute topical hyperosmolar stress, given a pathogenic role for tear hyperosmolarity in dry eye disease (DED). Methods C57BL/6J mice were anesthetized and received 350 mOsm/L (physiological; n = 5 mice), 450 mOsm/L (n = 6), or 600 mOsm/L (n = 6) saline on a randomly assigned eye. Corneas were harvested 2 hours later. Immunofluorescent staining was performed using CD45, CD86, and CD68 antibodies to investigate DC morphology (density, viability, field area, circularity, and dendritic complexity) and immunological phenotype. Flow cytometry was used to confirm CD86 and CD68 expression in CD11c+ DCs, using C57BL/6J mice that received topical applications of 350 mOsm/L, 450 mOsm/L, or 600 mOsm/L (n = 5 per group) bilaterally for 2 hours. Results Following exposure to 450 mOsm/L topical saline for 2 hours, DCs in the central and peripheral cornea were larger (field area: Pcentral = 0.005, Pperipheral = 0.037; circularity: Pcentral = 0.026, and Pperipheral = 0.013) and had higher expression of CD86 compared with 350 mOsm/L controls (immunofluorescence: P < 0.0001; flow cytometry: P = 0.0058). After application of 600 mOsm/L saline, DC morphology was unchanged, although the percentage of fragmented DCs, and phenotypic expression of CD86 (immunofluorescence: P < 0.0001; and flow cytometry: P = 0.003) and CD68 (immunofluorescence: P = 0.024) were higher compared to 350 mOsm/L controls. Conclusions Short-term exposure to mild hyperosmolar saline (450 mOsm/L) induced morphological and phenotypic maturation in corneal epithelial DCs. More severe hyperosmolar insult (600 mOsm/L) for 2 hours appeared toxic to these cells. These data suggest that hyperosmolar conditions activate corneal DCs, which may have implications for understanding DC activation in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthana Senthil
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haihan Jiao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E. Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly R. Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Zhang F, Jia D, Li Q, Zhang M, Liu H, Wu X. Preparation and Evaluation of a Xanthan Gum-Containing Linezolid Ophthalmic Solution for Topical Treatment of Experimental Bacterial Keratitis. Pharm Res 2021; 38:347-359. [PMID: 33469875 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To formulate a xanthan gum-containing linezolid ophthalmic solution (LZD-XG) as a new antibiotic treatment against ocular bacterial infection. METHODS LZD-XG was prepared and evaluated for its in vitro/in vivo ocular tolerance, in vitro/in vivo antibacterial activity, and in vivo ocular penetration. RESULTS The optimized LZD-XG exhibited good in vitro/in vivo eye tolerance. A prolonged ocular surface residence time of LZD-XG was observed after topical instillation, and the ocular permeation was significantly better for LZD-XG than fora linezolid (LZD) ophthalmic solution. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was significantly better with LZD-XG than with LZD. In vivo evaluation also confirmed a strong therapeutic treatment effect of LZD-XG, as it significantly improved the clinical symptoms, ameliorated the damage of Staphylococcus aureus to ocular tissues, lowered the colony forming unit counts in the cornea, and decreased the myeloperoxidase activity in the cornea. CONCLUSION LZD-XG was deemed a viable ophthalmic solution against ocular bacterial infection due to its excellent in vitro and in vivo characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Xianggen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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12
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Farabaugh KT, Krokowski D, Guan BJ, Gao Z, Gao XH, Wu J, Jobava R, Ray G, de Jesus TJ, Bianchi MG, Chukwurah E, Bussolati O, Kilberg M, Buchner DA, Sen GC, Cotton C, McDonald C, Longworth M, Ramakrishnan P, Hatzoglou M. PACT-mediated PKR activation acts as a hyperosmotic stress intensity sensor weakening osmoadaptation and enhancing inflammation. eLife 2020; 9:e52241. [PMID: 32175843 PMCID: PMC7145421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of cells to adapt to increased environmental tonicity can lead to inflammatory gene expression and pathogenesis. The Rel family of transcription factors TonEBP and NF-κB p65 play critical roles in the switch from osmoadaptive homeostasis to inflammation, respectively. Here we identified PACT-mediated PKR kinase activation as a marker of the termination of adaptation and initiation of inflammation in Mus musculus embryonic fibroblasts. We found that high stress-induced PACT-PKR activation inhibits the interaction between NF-κB c-Rel and TonEBP essential for the increased expression of TonEBP-dependent osmoprotective genes. This resulted in enhanced formation of TonEBP/NF-κB p65 complexes and enhanced proinflammatory gene expression. These data demonstrate a novel role of c-Rel in the adaptive response to hyperosmotic stress, which is inhibited via a PACT/PKR-dependent dimer redistribution of the Rel family transcription factors. Our results suggest that inhibiting PACT-PKR signaling may prove a novel target for alleviating stress-induced inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Farabaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska UniversityLublinPoland
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Greeshma Ray
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | - Tristan J de Jesus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Evelyn Chukwurah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Michael Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | - Calvin Cotton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | - Michelle Longworth
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
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Effects of Hypertonic Saline and Hydroxyethyl Starch on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Hemorrhagic Shock Mice under Secondary Bacterial Attack. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5417201. [PMID: 32258126 PMCID: PMC7085872 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5417201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The primary target is to reveal whether the resuscitation with hypertonic saline (HTS) or hydroxyethyl starch (HES) would have different effects on the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) count and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC)/granulocytic/neutrophilic MDSC (G-MDSC) rate in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) in a controlled hemorrhagic shock mouse model under secondary Escherichia coli bacterial infection attack, comparing to resuscitation with normal saline (NS) in 72 hours. Method After hemorrhagic shock with bacteremia, which is induced by Escherichia coli bacterial infection attack, comparing to resuscitation with normal saline (NS) in 72 hours. Method. After hemorrhagic shock with bacteremia, which is induced by Escherichia coli 35218 injection, the mice were distributed into control, NS, HTS, and HES groups. The peripheral blood nucleated cells (PBNC), spleen single-cell suspension, and bone marrow nucleated cells were collected. The flow cytometry was used to detect the MDSC, M-MDSC, and G-MDSC. Result In PBNC, after resuscitation with NS, the MDSC was continuously higher, while the rate of M-MDSC/G-MDSC were continuously lower (P < 0.05). In HTS, the MDSC varied, higher at 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). In HTS, the MDSC varied, higher at 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). In HTS, the MDSC varied, higher at 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). In HTS, the MDSC varied, higher at 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). In HTS, the MDSC varied, higher at 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.05), the M-MDSC/G-MDSC were continuously lower (P < 0.05). In the spleen, resuscitation with HTS, the M-MDSC/G-MDSC were continuously lower (P < 0.05). In BMNC, after resuscitation with HES, the M-MDSC/G-MDSC were lower at 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). Conclusion In mouse hemorrhagic shock model with bacterial infection, the resuscitation with NS, HTS, or HES induced difference changes in MDSC and M-MDSC/G-MDSC, which were time-dependent and organ-specific. Resuscitation with crystalloid, like NS or HTS, showed longer effects on the MDSC and M-MDSC/G-MDSC in peripheral blood; while HTS has a longer effect on M-MDSC/G-MDSC in the spleen, HES has a stronger impact on the differentiation regulation of MDSC to G-MDSC in the bone marrow.
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Fong PY, Shih KC, Lam PY, Chan TCY, Jhanji V, Tong L. Role of tear film biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2019; 9:150-159. [PMID: 31572651 PMCID: PMC6759547 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_56_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in the use of tear film biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease (DED), owing to their potential important roles in the pathogenesis of ocular surface damage, as well as the technical feasibility of tear sample collection techniques. An Entrez PubMed search was conducted on March 2, 2019, to include papers investigating the use of tear film biomarkers in DED, and the results were classified according to whether the DED is associated with systemic inflammatory disease or not and further classified within each section according to the molecular nature of the biomarker for further discussion. A total of 58 relevant articles were reviewed. Certain cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-17, and IL-8, were found by a number of studies to consistently reflect disease severity well and had strong correlations with tear film metrics and tests for ocular surface damage in dry eye without systemic inflammatory disease. For dry eye with systemic inflammatory disease, IL-17, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonists were shown to be consistently higher in affected eyes and correlated well with ocular surface disease severity in more than one type of inflammatory disease. With the advancement in technology and lowered costs in the future, tear film biomarker counts would allow better diagnosis and monitoring of DED, as well as facilitate personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Yui Fong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Pun Yuet Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Tommy Chung Yan Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Louis Tong
- Cornea and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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15
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Sailer CO, Wiedemann SJ, Strauss K, Schnyder I, Fenske WK, Christ-Crain M. Markers of systemic inflammation in response to osmotic stimulus in healthy volunteers. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1282-1287. [PMID: 31434055 PMCID: PMC6765321 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic stimulus or stress results in vasopressin release. Animal and human in vitro studies have shown that inflammatory parameters, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), increase in parallel in the central nervous system and bronchial, corneal or intestinal epithelial cell lines in response to osmotic stimulus. Whether osmotic stimulus directly causes a systemic inflammatory response in humans is unknown. We therefore investigated the influence of osmotic stimulus on circulatory markers of systemic inflammation in healthy volunteers. In this prospective cohort study, 44 healthy volunteers underwent a standardized test protocol with an osmotic stimulus leading into the hyperosmotic/hypernatremic range (serum sodium ≥150 mmol/L) by hypertonic saline infusion. Copeptin - a marker indicating vasopressin activity - serum sodium and osmolality, plasma IL-8 and TNF-α were measured at baseline and directly after osmotic stimulus. Median (range) serum sodium increased from 141 mmol/L (136, 147) to 151 mmol/L (145, 154) (P < 0.01), serum osmolality increased from 295 mmol/L (281, 306) to 315 mmol/L (304, 325) (P < 0.01). Median (range) copeptin increased from 4.3 pg/L (1.1, 21.4) to 28.8 pg/L (19.9, 43.4) (P < 0.01). Median (range) IL-8 levels showed a trend to decrease from 0.79 pg/mL (0.37, 1.6) to 0.7 pg/mL (0.4, 1.9) (P < 0.09) and TNF-α levels decreased from 0.53 pg/mL (0.11, 1.1) to 0.45 pg/mL (0.12, 0.97) (P < 0.036). Contrary to data obtained in vitro, circulating proinflammatory cytokines tend to or decrease in human plasma after osmotic stimulus. In this study, osmotic stimulus does not increase circulating markers of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Odilia Sailer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence should be addressed to C O Sailer:
| | - Sophia Julia Wiedemann
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Strauss
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Schnyder
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Kristin Fenske
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Center for Research and Treatment Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Dystrophy-associated caveolin-3 mutations reveal that caveolae couple IL6/STAT3 signaling with mechanosensing in human muscle cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1974. [PMID: 31036801 PMCID: PMC6488599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-3 is the major structural protein of caveolae in muscle. Mutations in the CAV3 gene cause different types of myopathies with altered membrane integrity and repair, expression of muscle proteins, and regulation of signaling pathways. We show here that myotubes from patients bearing the CAV3 P28L and R26Q mutations present a dramatic decrease of caveolae at the plasma membrane, resulting in abnormal response to mechanical stress. Mutant myotubes are unable to buffer the increase in membrane tension induced by mechanical stress. This results in impaired regulation of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway leading to its constitutive hyperactivation and increased expression of muscle genes. These defects are fully reversed by reassembling functional caveolae through expression of caveolin-3. Our study reveals that under mechanical stress the regulation of mechanoprotection by caveolae is directly coupled with the regulation of IL6/STAT3 signaling in muscle cells and that this regulation is absent in Cav3-associated dystrophic patients. Caveolae are mechanosensors and mutations of their coat proteins are implicated in muscle disorders, but molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that caveolae can regulate IL6/STAT3 signaling in muscle cells under stress, and that dystrophy related Cav3 mutant myotubes have reduced caveolae and upregulated IL6 signaling.
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17
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Rayl JM, Wellehan JFX, Bunick D, Allender MC. Development of reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR assays for detection of the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in chelonians. Cytokine 2019; 119:16-23. [PMID: 30856601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In response to viral pathogens, a host releases pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). While several approaches exist to measure cytokine responses, evaluating gene transcription through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) provides a fast, reproducible, and sensitive method for quantifying this response. The objective of this study was to develop an effective and sensitive RT-qPCR assay for the quantification of red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) and eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) cytokines: IL-1β, TNFα, IL-10 and the reference gene β-actin. RNA was isolated from the buffy coat layer of whole blood, comprised mainly of circulating leukocytes, and complimentary DNA (cDNA) was produced. Conventional PCR was performed to obtain cytokine mRNA sequences, products were sequenced, and a hydrolysis probe-based RT-qPCR assay was designed for each cytokine. Standard curves were generated using the target gene sequences cloned within a plasmid. Efficiencies for each assay were between of 85-110%, R2 > 0.98, and limits of detection of 10-100 copies per reaction. The initial samples used to identify the novel target sequences were then used to evaluate the performance of the qPCR assays. Consistent transcription of beta actin across individuals in both species and measurable transcription of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 transcript targets in individuals of both species were observed. The assays are a novel technique in chelonians to evaluate host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Rayl
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine at University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Bunick
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Matthew C Allender
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine at University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Yang L, Zhang S, Duan H, Dong M, Hu X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shi W, Zhou Q. Different Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Hyperosmotic Stress on Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells and Wound Healing in Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:46-57. [PMID: 30302939 PMCID: PMC6312447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and severe dry eye are two important adverse factors for the successful transplant of cultured limbal stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammation and hyperosmotic stress (a key pathological factor in dry eye) on corneal epithelial stem cells (CESCs) and corneal epithelial wound healing. We observed that the CESCs exhibited significant morphological changes when treated with interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), or hyperosmotic stress. Colony‐forming efficiency or colony‐forming size was decreased with the increasing concentrations of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, or hyperosmotic stress, which was exacerbated when treated simultaneously with pro‐inflammatory factors and hyperosmotic stress. However, the colony‐forming capacity of CESCs recovered more easily from pro‐inflammatory factor treatment than from hyperosmotic stress treatment. Moreover, when compared with pro‐inflammatory factors treatment, hyperosmotic stress treatment caused a more significant increase of apoptotic and necrotic cell numbers and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the normal ability of corneal epithelial wound healing in the mice model was suppressed by both pro‐inflammatory factors and hyperosmotic stress treatment, and especially severely by hyperosmotic stress treatment. In addition, inflammation combined with hyperosmotic stress treatment induced more serious epithelial repair delays and apoptosis in corneal epithelium. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors were found in hyperosmotic stress‐treated cells and mice corneas, which persisted even during the recovery period. The results suggested that pro‐inflammatory factors cause transient inhibition, while hyperosmotic stress causes severe apoptosis and necrosis, persistent cell cycle arrest of CESCs, and severe corneal wound healing delay. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2019;8:46–57
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Songmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Muchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Shandong Lunan Eye Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Ahn S, Eom Y, Kang B, Park J, Lee HK, Kim HM, Song JS. Effects of Menthol-Containing Artificial Tears on Tear Stimulation and Ocular Surface Integrity in Normal and Dry Eye Rat Models. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:580-587. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1434895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somin Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsub Eom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungboung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Jiang JK, Fang W, Hong LJ, Lu YQ. Distribution and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells after fluid resuscitation in mice with hemorrhagic shock. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:48-58. [PMID: 28070996 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in hemorrhagic shock mice, which are resuscitated with normal saline (NS), hypertonic saline (HTS), and hydroxyethyl starch (HES). METHODS BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, NS, HTS, and HES resuscitation groups. Three subgroups (n=8) in each resuscitation group were marked as 2, 24, and 72 h. Flow cytometry was used to detect the MDSCs, monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), and granulocytic/neutrophilic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) in peripheral blood nucleated cells (PBNCs), spleen single-cell suspension, and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs). RESULTS The MDSCs in BMNCs among three resuscitation groups were lower 2 h after shock, in PBNCs of the HTS group were higher, and in spleen of the NS group were lower (all P<0.05 vs. control). The M-MDSC/G-MDSC ratios in PBNCs of the HTS and HES groups were lower (both P<0.05 vs. control). At 24 h, the MDSCs in PBNCs of the NS and HTS groups were higher, while the spleen MDSCs in the HTS group were higher (all P<0.05 vs. control). The M-MDSC/G-MDSC ratios were all less in PBNCs, spleen, and BMNCs of the NS and HTS groups, and were lower in BMNCs of the HES group (all P<0.05 vs. control). At 72 h, the elevated MDSCs in PBNCs were presented in the HTS and HES groups, and in spleen the augment turned up in three resuscitation groups (all P<0.05 vs. control). The inclined ratios to M-MDSC were exhibited in spleen of the NS and HTS groups, and in PBNCs of the NS group; the inclination to G-MDSC in BMNCs was shown in the HES group (all P<0.05 vs. control). CONCLUSIONS HTS induces the earlier elevation of MDSCs in peripheral blood and spleen, and influences its distribution and differentiation, while HES has a less effect on the distribution but a stronger impact on the differentiation of MDSCs, especially in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Kun Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wen Fang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang-Jie Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Ismail T, Bürgin J, Todorov A, Osinga R, Menzi N, Largo R, Haug M, Martin I, Scherberich A, Schaefer D. Low osmolality and shear stress during liposuction impair cell viability in autologous fat grafting. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:596-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The Blockade of IL6 Counterparts the Osmolar Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:8350134. [PMID: 27555966 PMCID: PMC4983368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8350134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of hyperosmolarity on cell survival/apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells and evaluate the possible role of IL6, Wong-Kilbourne derivative of Chang conjunctival cell line (WKD) was used in this study. Confluent cells were incubated under different osmolarity (290 mOsm and 500 mOsm) with or without neutralizing IL6 antibody (50 ng/mL). The expression of IL6 level was measured in the supernatant of each conditioned medium. Cell viability/apoptosis assay was performed using Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Western blot was conducted to measure the abundance of apoptotic markers and IL6 related downstream signaling pathway. The concentration of IL6 showed time-dependent increase in cells treated with 500 mOsm. Although apoptosis of WKD cell is increased in treated 500 mOsm for 24 h, apoptosis reduced in WKD cell treated 500 mOsm with anti-IL6 for 24 h. Anti-IL6 inhibited the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which was induced by hyperosmolarity. Hyperosmolar condition induced apoptosis in conjunctival epithelial cells, along with increase of IL6 production. IL6 neutralizing antibody inhibited apoptosis and JAK-STAT signaling in hyperosmolar condition. These findings suggested that IL6 may be involved in apoptotic change and in hyperosmolarity.
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Effects of Lutein on Hyperosmoticity-Induced Upregulation of IL-6 in Cultured Corneal Epithelial Cells and Its Relevant Signal Pathways. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:8341439. [PMID: 27047687 PMCID: PMC4800098 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8341439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a common disorder characterized by deficiency of tear. Hyperosmoticity of tear stimulates inflammation and damage of ocular surface tissues and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of dry eye. Cultured human corneal epithelial (CE) cells were used for the study of effects of lutein and hyperosmoticity on the secretion of IL-6 by CE cells. Cell viability of CE cells was not affected by lutein at 1–10 μM as determined by MTT assay. Hyperosmoticity significantly elevated the secretion of IL-6 by CE cells as measured by ELISA analysis. The constitutive secretion of IL-6 was not affected by lutein. Lutein significantly and dose-dependently inhibited hyperosmoticity-induced secretion of IL-6. Phosphorylated- (p)- p38 MAPK, p-JNK levels in cell lysates and NF-κB levels in cell nuclear extracts were increased by being exposed to hyperosmotic medium. JNK, p38, and NF-κB inhibitors decreased hyperosmoticity-induced secretion of IL-6. Lutein significantly inhibited hyperosmoticity-induced elevation of NF-κB, p38, and p-JNK levels. We demonstrated that lutein inhibited hyperosmoticity-induced secretion of IL-6 in CE cells through the deactivation of p38, JNK, and NF-κB pathways. Lutein may be a promising agent to be explored for the treatment of dry eye.
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Ihnatko R, Eden U, Fagerholm P, Lagali N. Congenital Aniridia and the Ocular Surface. Ocul Surf 2015; 14:196-206. [PMID: 26738798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aniridia is a congenital pan-ocular disorder caused by haplo-insufficiency of Pax6, a crucial gene for proper development of the eye. Aniridia affects a range of eye structures, including the cornea, iris, anterior chamber angle, lens, and fovea. The ocular surface, in particular, can be severely affected by a progressive pathology termed aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK), markedly contributing to impaired vision. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge of the genetic, clinical, micro-morphological, and molecular aspects of AAK. We draw upon material presented in the literature and from our own observations in large aniridia cohorts. We summarize signs and symptoms of AAK, describe current options for management, and discuss the latest research findings that may lead to better diagnosis and new treatment or prevention strategies for this debilitating ocular surface condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulla Eden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Fagerholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Koch DD, Jia Y, Cao W, Zhang S. Anterior chamber interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and prostaglandin E2 in patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 100:579-82. [PMID: 26659713 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in aqueous humour in patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. METHODS In 27 eyes of 27 patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (femto group), aqueous humour of 100 μL was collected after laser treatment. In 15 eyes of 15 subjects undergoing routine cataract surgery (control group), aqueous humour of 100 μL was also collected. The IL-1β, IL-6 and Prostaglandin E2 (Human Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6 and Prostaglandin E2 ELISA Kits, Bio-Swamp Life Science) were used to determine the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 in the aqueous humour. All patients were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prior to surgery. RESULTS For IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2, respectively, the mean concentration values in aqueous humour were 25.6, 24.6 and 64.2 pg/mL in the femto group, and 17.1, 15.2 and 45.7 pg/mL in the control group (table 2). Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 were significantly higher in the femto group than those in the control group (all p<0.01). There were no significant correlations between concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 or PGE2 and age, cataract densities, suction time or laser time (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 significantly increased after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, which maybe the cause of intraoperative miosis seen in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Douglas D Koch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yading Jia
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Weifang Cao
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Suhua Zhang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
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