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Zhen T, Li Y, Guo Q, Yao S, You Y, Lei B. Pathogenicity and Function Analysis of Two Novel SLC4A11 Variants in Patients With Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 37787991 PMCID: PMC10561774 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the pathogenicity and function of two novel SLC4A11 variants associated with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and to study the function of a SLC4A11 (K263R) mutant in vitro. Methods Ophthalmic examinations were performed on a 28-year-old male proband with CHED. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were applied for mutation screening. Bioinformatics and pathogenicity analysis were performed. HEK293T cells were transfected with the plasmids of empty vector, wild-type SLC4A11, and SLC4A11 (K263R) mutant. The transfected cells were treated with SkQ1. Oxygen consumption, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis rate were measured. Results The proband had poor visual acuity with nystagmus since childhood. Corneal foggy opacity was evident in both eyes. Two novel SLC4A11 variants were detected. Sanger sequencing showed that the proband's father and sister carried c.1464-1G>T variant, and the proband's mother and sister carried c.788A>G (p.Lys263Arg) variant. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, SLC4A11 c.1464-1G>T was pathogenic, whereas c.788A>G, p.K263R was a variant of undetermined significance. In vitro, SLC4A11 (K263R) variant increased ROS level and apoptosis rate. Decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate were remarkable. Furthermore, SkQ1 decreased ROS levels and apoptosis rate but increased mitochondrial membrane potential in the transfected cells. Conclusions Two novel heterozygous pathogenic variants of the SLC4A11 gene were identified in a family with CHED. The missense variant SLC4A11 (K263R) caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis in mutant transfected cells. In addition, SkQ1 presented a protective effect suggesting the anti-oxidant might be a novel therapeutic drug. Translational Relevance This study verified the pathogenicity of 2 novel variants in the SLC4A11 gene in a CHED family and found an anti-oxidant might be a new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhen
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya You
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Mehta N, Verma A, Achanta DS, Kannabiran C, Roy S, Mishra DK, Chaurasia S, Edward DP, Ramappa M. Updates on congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:405-416. [PMID: 38249503 PMCID: PMC10798399 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-23-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare genetic corneal disorder causing progressive cornea clouding and significant visual impairment. CHED remains a leading indication for pediatric corneal transplantation despite its infrequency, particularly in regions with high consanguinity rates like Southeast Asia. Identifying the Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 11 (SLC4A11) gene as the genetic basis of CHED has led to the discovery of it's various genetic variations. However, a comprehensive understanding of its clinical-genetic correlation, pathophysiology, and optimal management is ongoing. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge about CHED, covering its genetic origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, and management strategies. Surgical intervention, such as penetrating keratoplasty (PK), Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), remains the primary treatment. DSAEK and DMEK offer advantages over PK, including quicker visual recovery, reduced complications, and longer graft survival, especially in the pediatric age group. The timing of surgical interventions depends on disease severity, age at presentation, comorbidities, and visual potential. Elevated oxidative stress in CHED corneal tissue suggests potential benefits from anti-inflammatory drugs to rescue mutated endothelial cells. Considering the limitations of corneal graft surgeries, exploring novel gene-based molecular therapies are essential for future management. Early diagnosis, appropriate surgical interventions, amblyopia control, and genetic counseling for predictive analysis are pivotal for optimizing CHED management. A multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, researchers, and genetic counselors is essential for precise diagnosis and optimal care for CHED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neet Mehta
- Academy of Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anshuman Verma
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ophthalmic Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Divya Sree Achanta
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ophthalmic Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children’s Eye Care Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chitra Kannabiran
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sunita Chaurasia
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepak Paul Edward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ophthalmic Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children’s Eye Care Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare, autosomal recessive, monogenic corneal condition with variable expressivity. Often presents in bilateral symmetrical progressive corneal cloudiness that starts in the early infancy. It is characterized by increased corneal thickness, profound corneal edema, and thickening of the Descemet membrane due to endothelial dysfunction. The published literature lacks uniform guidelines for grading corneal cloudiness and management algorithm for CHED cases. This article focuses on applying newer investigational modalities to fine-tune surgical outcomes and more recent CHED management strategies. METHODS This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed database of relevant CHED articles focusing on those published in the last 7 years. A total of around 70 articles were reviewed, and 17 of them were included in this review. These include systemic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, case-controlled studies, and case series. RESULTS Corneal cloudiness grading in CHED using subjective and objective methods using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) and densitometry using Scheimpflug imaging can help select appropriate management plan for CHED cases. DSAEK outscores penetrating keratoplasty with much fewer complications and expedites visual recovery, which helps mitigate amblyopia. CONCLUSION Managing cases of CHED has been a challenge due to the dilemma in timing and appropriate surgical method selection and lack of definitive medical or other conservative approaches. Currently, DSAEK has shown favorable results in cases of CHED. However, appropriate staging of CHED and selecting the appropriate management approach appears to play a critical role in managing such cases. Besides these, novel treatment modalities such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) that target restoring water-flux activity in subtype of CHED and gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 are promising paradigm treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neet Mehta
- Academy of Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L V Prasad Eye InstituteJasti V , Hyderabad, India
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Kannabiran C, Chaurasia S, Ramappa M, Mootha VV. Update on the genetics of corneal endothelial dystrophies. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2239-2248. [PMID: 35791103 PMCID: PMC9426112 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_992_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of diseases with different modes of inheritance and genetic basis for each dystrophy. The genes associated with these diseases encode transcription factors, structural components of the stroma and Descemet membrane, cell transport proteins, and others. Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is associated with mutations in two genes, OVOL2 and SLC4A11, for dominant and recessive forms of CHED, respectively. Mutations in three genes are known to cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD). They are OVOL2 (PPCD1), ZEB1 (PPCD3), and GRHL1 (PPCD4). The PPCD2 locus involving the collagen gene COL8A2 on chromosome 1 is disputed due to insufficient evidence. Mutations in the COL8A2 gene are associated with early-onset Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Several genes have been associated with the more common, late-onset FECD. Alterations in each of these genes occur in a fraction of patients, and the most prevalent genetic alteration in FECD patients across the world is a triplet repeat expansion in the TCF4 gene. Knowledge of the genetics of corneal endothelial dystrophies has considerably advanced within the last decade and has contributed to better diagnosis of these dystrophies as well as opened up the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches based on the molecular mechanisms involved. The functions of genes identified to date provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms involved in each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Kannabiran
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sunita Chaurasia
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics; The Cornea Institute; Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics; The Cornea Institute; Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Bonanno JA, Shyam R, Choi M, Ogando DG. The H + Transporter SLC4A11: Roles in Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Uncoupling. Cells 2022; 11:197. [PMID: 35053313 PMCID: PMC8773465 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute-linked cotransporter, SLC4A11, a member of the bicarbonate transporter family, is an electrogenic H+ transporter activated by NH3 and alkaline pH. Although SLC4A11 does not transport bicarbonate, it shares many properties with other members of the SLC4 family. SLC4A11 mutations can lead to corneal endothelial dystrophy and hearing deficits that are recapitulated in SLC4A11 knock-out mice. SLC4A11, at the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitates glutamine catabolism and suppresses the production of mitochondrial superoxide by providing ammonia-sensitive H+ uncoupling that reduces glutamine-driven mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in SLC4A11 KO also triggers dysfunctional autophagy and lysosomes, as well as ER stress. SLC4A11 expression is induced by oxidative stress through the transcription factor NRF2, the master regulator of antioxidant genes. Outside of the corneal endothelium, SLC4A11's function has been demonstrated in cochlear fibrocytes, salivary glands, and kidneys, but is largely unexplored overall. Increased SLC4A11 expression is a component of some "glutamine-addicted" cancers, and is possibly linked to cells and tissues that rely on glutamine catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Bonanno
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (R.S.); (M.C.).; (D.G.O.)
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Altered gene expression in slc4a11 -/- mouse cornea highlights SLC4A11 roles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20885. [PMID: 34686736 PMCID: PMC8536660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC4A11 is a H+/NH3/water transport protein, of corneal endothelial cells. SLC4A11 mutations cause congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy and some cases of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. To probe SLC4A11’s roles, we compared gene expression in RNA from corneas of 17-week-old slc4a11−/− (n = 3) and slc4a11+/+ mice (n = 3) and subjected to RNA sequencing. mRNA levels for a subset of genes were also assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT RT-PCR). Cornea expressed 13,173 genes, which were rank-ordered for their abundance. In slc4a11−/− corneas, 100 genes had significantly altered expression. Abundant slc14a1 expression, encoding the urea transporter UT-A, suggests a significant role in the cornea. The set of genes with altered expression was subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, revealing that alterations clustered into extracellular region, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and plasma membrane functions. Gene expression changes further clustered into classes (with decreasing numbers of genes): cell fate and development, extracellular matrix and cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. Together these gene changes confirm earlier suggestions of a role of SLC4A11 in ion homeostasis, energy metabolism, cell adhesion, and reveal an unrecognized SLC4A11 role in cytoskeletal organization.
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Choi M, Bonanno JA. Mitochondrial Targeting of the Ammonia-Sensitive Uncoupler SLC4A11 by the Chaperone-Mediated Carrier Pathway in Corneal Endothelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:4. [PMID: 34499705 PMCID: PMC8434753 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SLC4A11, an electrogenic H+ transporter, is found in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of corneal endothelium. However, the underlying mechanism of SLC4A11 targeting to mitochondria is unknown. Methods The presence of mitochondrial targeting sequences was examined using in silico mitochondrial proteomic analyses. Thiol crosslinked peptide binding to SLC4A11 was screened by untargeted liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Direct protein interactions between SLC4A11 and chaperones were examined using coimmunoprecipitation analysis and proximity ligation assay. Knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of chaperones in human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) or mouse corneal endothelial cells (MCECs), ex vivo kidney, or HA-SLC4A11–transfected fibroblasts was performed to investigate the functional consequences of interfering with mitochondrial SLC4A11 trafficking. Results SLC4A11 does not contain canonical N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that HSC70 and/or HSP90 are bound to HA-SLC4A11–transfected PS120 fibroblast whole-cell lysates or isolated mitochondria, suggesting trafficking through the chaperone-mediated carrier pathway. SLC4A11 and either HSP90 or HSC70 complexes are directly bound to the mitochondrial surface receptor, TOM70. Interference with this trafficking leads to dysfunctional mitochondrial glutamine catabolism and increased reactive oxygen species production. In addition, glutamine (Gln) use upregulated SLC4A11, HSP70, and HSP90 expression in whole-cell lysates or purified mitochondria of HCECs and HA-SLC4A11–transfected fibroblasts. Conclusions HSP90 and HSC70 are critical in mediating mitochondrial SLC4A11 translocation in corneal endothelial cells and kidney. Gln promotes SLC4A11 import to the mitochondria, and the continuous oxidative stress derived from Gln catabolism induced HSP70 and HSP90, protecting cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Choi
- Vision Science Program, Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Joseph A Bonanno
- Vision Science Program, Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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Zhang J, Dai Y, Wu D, Li Y, Xu J. Whole exome sequencing identified FAM149A as a plausible causative gene for congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, affecting Nrf2-Antioxidant signaling upon oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:117-124. [PMID: 34303830 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare genetic disease of the corneal endothelium with a very early onset of bilateral corneal edema due to degeneration and dysfunction of the corneal endothelium. Currently SLC4A11 is the only established causative gene for CHED, but not all these reported CHED patients could be explained by SLC4A11 deficiency, indicating that the genetic predisposition of CHED still requires further exploration. METHODS Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on a CHED patient and his unaffected parents. The GATK2 and an in-house bioinformatics pipeline were applied for variant analyses, following the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Potential pathogenic variants were further validated by Sanger sequencing. The expression profiles of FAM149A in cell line, murine tissues or human corneal endothelia were determined by RT-qPCR. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the expression of FAM149A in vitro. Cell viability was detected by a CCK-8 assay. ROS and 8-OHdG were examined by fluorometric analysis. The nuclear translocation of NRF2 was determined by western blotting. RESULTS We identified a homozygous mutation (NM_015398.3: c.991A > G; p.R331G) in the FAM149A gene that related to the phenotype of CHED. FAM149A was found to be highly expressed in corneal endothelium, and up-regulated upon oxidative stress. Further functional investigations demonstrated that deficiency in FAM149A impaired Nrf2-antioxidant signaling, rendering cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Consistently, the expression of FAM149A was significantly reduced in patients with corneal endothelium dysfunction. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated, for the first time, FAM149A as a plausible causative gene for CHED etiology, offering new insight for future investigation targeting CHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yue Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Guha S, Roy S. Enhanced expression of SLC4A11 by tert-Butylhydroquinone is mediated by direct binding of Nrf2 to the promoter of SLC4A11. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:299-306. [PMID: 33744340 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC4A11, a Na + dependent OH- transporter, is highly expressed in the epithelium and endothelium of the cornea. Mutations in SLC4A11 cause congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), a progressive disease with gradual loss of vision and characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of corneal endothelial cells. SLC4A11 expression is also responsive to oxidative stress. Thus, understanding of SLC4A11 gene regulation is of utmost importance for therapeutic interventions. However, it remains elusive how SLC4A11 is regulated at transcriptional and translational level. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis of the SLC4A11 promoter was performed using TRANSFAC. SLC4A11 promoter constructs were generated and exposed to tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) or cotransfected with Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression plasmid and promoter activity was determined. The expression of SLC4A11 was also determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblot analysis. The binding of Nrf2 to the promoter of SLC4A11 was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Induction of Nrf2 by tBHQ or overexpression of Nrf2 caused increased expression of SLC4A11 in HeLa and human corneal endothelial cells. A conserved Nrf2 binding sequence was found in the promoter of SLC4A11 of several mammalian species. Reporter gene assays showed transcriptional activation of the SLC4A11 promoter in response to tBHQ treatment and Nrf2 overexpression. ChIP analysis validated Nrf2 binding to the conserved sequence of the SLC4A11 promoter. Induction of the Nrf2 pathway also resulted in increased endogenous SLC4A11 protein abundance. On the other hand, depletion of Nrf2 inhibited both transcriptional and translational activities of SLC4A11. CONCLUSION In summary, we determined direct Nrf2 binding to antioxidant responsive element site within the SLC4A11 promoter, and observed increased expression of SLC4A11 by Nrf2 inducers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing Nrf2 exerts an important role in regulation of SLC4A11 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Guha
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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Determination of Oxidative Stress Markers in the Aqueous Humor and Corneal Tissues of Patients With Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy. Cornea 2020; 40:491-496. [PMID: 33177409 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the presence of oxidative stress markers in the aqueous humor (AH) and corneal tissues of patients with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). METHODS Interventional prospective study was undertaken to quantify levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione in the AH of patients with CHED. AH was collected from patients undergoing keratoplasty and levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione were determined using biochemical assays and measured spectrophotometrically. AH collected from pediatric patients with cataract were used as control. Corneal sections of patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty were obtained, and presence of glutathione peroxidase 1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase was determined by immunohistochemistry. Tissue sections obtained from cadaveric corneas unsuitable for clinical transplant were used as control. RESULTS Significantly increased ascorbic acid levels were determined in patients with CHED (605.6 ± 158.9 μM) compared with those in controls (190.5 ± 74.72 μM). However, a trend toward reduced level of glutathione was detected in patients with CHED compared with that in the controls. Increased glutathione peroxidase 1 staining and reduced expression of catalase was detected in corneal tissues of patients with CHED compared with those in control corneal tissues. There was no apparent changes observed in the expression of superoxide dismutase in the corneal sections obtained from patients with CHED. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione in AH of patients with CHED. Our data suggest the presence of oxidative stress in CHED that might be responsible for the pathological changes in patients with CHED.
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Lovatt M, Kocaba V, Hui Neo DJ, Soh YQ, Mehta JS. Nrf2: A unifying transcription factor in the pathogenesis of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101763. [PMID: 33099215 PMCID: PMC7578533 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), is an oxidative stress induced transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective gene expression. Thus, Nrf2 is essential for cellular redox homeostasis. Loss or dysregulation of Nrf2 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases, including diseases of the cornea. One of the most common diseases of the cornea in which Nrf2 is implicated is Fuchs’ endothelial cornea dystrophy (FECD). FECD is the leading indication for corneal transplantation; and is associated with a loss of corneal endothelial cell (CEC) function. In this review, we propose that Nrf2 is an essential regulator of CEC function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deficiency of Nrf2 function is a hallmark of FECD. In addition, we advocate that pharmacological targeting of Nrf2 as a possible therapy for FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lovatt
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery (NIIOS), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dawn Jing Hui Neo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Yu Qiang Soh
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Potential Protective and Therapeutic Roles of the Nrf2 Pathway in Ocular Diseases: An Update. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9410952. [PMID: 32273949 PMCID: PMC7125500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9410952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor- (erythroid-derived 2-) like 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of many processes of life, and it plays an important role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic responses and in cancer. This review is focused on the potential mechanism of Nrf2 in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases. Also, several Nrf2 inducers, including noncoding RNAs and exogenous compounds, which control the expression of Nrf2 through different pathways, are discussed in ocular disease models and ocular cells, protecting them from dysfunctional changes. Therefore, Nrf2 might be a potential target of protecting ocular cells from various stresses and preventing ocular diseases.
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Malhotra D, Casey JR. Molecular Mechanisms of Fuchs and Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Corneal Dystrophies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:41-81. [PMID: 32789790 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cornea, the eye's outermost layer, protects the eye from the environment. The cornea's innermost layer is an endothelium separating the stromal layer from the aqueous humor. A central role of the endothelium is to maintain stromal hydration state. Defects in maintaining this hydration can impair corneal clarity and thus visual acuity. Two endothelial corneal dystrophies, Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) and Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy (CHED), are blinding corneal diseases with varied clinical presentation in patients across different age demographics. Recessive CHED with an early onset (typically age: 0-3 years) and dominantly inherited FECD with a late onset (age: 40-50 years) have similar phenotypes, although caused by defects in several different genes. A range of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain FECD and CHED pathology given the involvement of multiple causative genes. This critical review provides insight into the proposed molecular mechanisms underlying FECD and CHED pathology along with common pathways that may explain the link between the defective gene products and provide a new perspective to view these genetic blinding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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14
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Brejchova K, Dudakova L, Skalicka P, Dobrovolny R, Masek P, Putzova M, Moosajee M, Tuft SJ, Davidson AE, Liskova P. IPSC-Derived Corneal Endothelial-like Cells Act as an Appropriate Model System to Assess the Impact of SLC4A11 Variants on Pre-mRNA Splicing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3084-3090. [PMID: 31323090 PMCID: PMC6645617 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report molecular genetic findings in six probands with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) variably associated with hearing loss (also known as Harboyan syndrome). Furthermore, we developed a cellular model to determine if disease-associated variants induce aberrant SLC4A11 pre-mRNA splicing. Methods Direct sequencing of the entire SLC4A11 coding region was performed in five probands. In one individual, whole genome sequencing was undertaken. The effect of c.2240+5G>A on pre-mRNA splicing was evaluated in a corneal endothelial-like (CE-like) cell model expressing SLC4A11. CE-like cells were derived from autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via neural crest cells exposed to B27, PDGF-BB, and DKK-2. Total RNA was extracted, and RT-PCR was performed followed by Sanger and a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) approach to identify and quantify the relative abundance of alternatively spliced transcripts. Results In total, 11 different mutations in SLC4A11 evaluated as pathogenic were identified; of these, c.1237G>A, c.2003T>C, c.1216+1G>A, and c.2240+5G>A were novel. The c.2240+5G>A variant was demonstrated to result in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing. A targeted NGS approach confirmed that the variant introduces a leaky cryptic splice donor site leading to the production of a transcript containing an insertion of six base pairs with the subsequent introduction of a premature stop codon (p.Thr747*). Furthermore, a subset of transcripts comprising full retention of intron 16 also were observed, leading to the same functionally null allele. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of using CE-like cells to investigate the pathogenic consequences of SLC4A11 disease–associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Brejchova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Skalicka
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Dobrovolny
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Masek
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Craniofacial Surgery, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Tuft
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Petra Liskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Skibska B, Gorąca A. Perspectives on the use of lipoic acid in the support of disease treatment*. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2019. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural compound present in food and used as a dietary supplement. LA is endogenously synthetized in small amounts from octanoid acid in the mitochondria. This compound occurs naturally in vegetables such as spinach, broccoli and in animal tissues, in the kidneys, heart and liver. It has been shown that LA is a cofactor in the multienzyme complexes that are responsible for oxidative decarboxylation of α- ketoacids. LA and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), have many biological functions leading to a wide variety of actions such as anti-inflammation and antioxidant protection, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, regenerating other antioxidant agents, such as vitamins C and E, and cytosolic glutathione, chelating the transitional metal ions (e.g. iron and copper), and modulating the signal transduction of nuclear factor. Many authors regard LA as a potentially useful agent in the treatment and/or prevention of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, hypertension, heart diseases, inflammation. This review concentrates on the role of LA in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation and blood pressure regulation. LA can be considered as a potentially useful drug in treatment of many diseases, particularly those related to excessive production of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Skibska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gorąca
- College of Cosmetology and Health Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Malhotra D, Loganathan SK, Chiu AM, Lukowski CM, Casey JR. Human Corneal Expression of SLC4A11, a Gene Mutated in Endothelial Corneal Dystrophies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9681. [PMID: 31273259 PMCID: PMC6609610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two blinding corneal dystrophies, pediatric-onset congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and some cases of late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), are caused by SLC4A11 mutations. Three N-terminal SLC4A11 variants: v1, v2 and v3 are expressed in humans. We set out to determine which of these transcripts and what translated products, are present in corneal endothelium as these would be most relevant for CHED and FECD studies. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR revealed only v2 and v3 mRNA in human cornea, but v2 was most abundant. Immunoblots probed with variant-specific antibodies revealed that v2 protein is about four times more abundant than v3 in human corneal endothelium. Bioinformatics and protein analysis using variant-specific antibodies revealed that second methionine in the open reading frame (M36) acts as translation initiation site on SLC4A11 v2 in human cornea. The v2 variants starting at M1 (v2-M1) and M36 (v2-M36) were indistinguishable in their cell surface trafficking and transport function (water flux). Structural homology models of v2-M36 and v3 suggest structural differences but their significance remains unclear. A combination of bioinformatics, RNA quantification and isoform-specific antibodies allows us to conclude that SLC4A11 variant 2 with start site M36 is predominant in corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Sampath K Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anthony M Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Chris M Lukowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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17
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Alka K, Casey JR. Ophthalmic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as a Therapy for Corneal Dystrophies Caused by SLC4A11 Mutation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4258-4267. [PMID: 30140924 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SLC4A11 is a plasma membrane protein of corneal endothelial cells. Some mutations of the SLC4A11 gene result in SLC4A11 protein misfolding and failure to mature to the plasma membrane. This gives rise to some cases of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). We screened ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for their ability to correct SLC4A11 folding defects. Methods Five ophthalmic NSAIDs were tested for their therapeutic potential in some genetic corneal dystrophy patients. HEK293 cells expressing CHED and FECD-causing SLC4A11 mutants were grown on 96-well dishes in the absence or presence of NSAIDs. Ability of NSAIDs to correct mutant SLC4A11 cell-surface trafficking was assessed with a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay and by confocal microscopy. The ability of mutant SLC4A11-expressing cells to mediate water flux (SLC4A11 mediates water flux across the corneal endothelial cell basolateral membrane as part of the endothelial water pump) was measured upon treatment with ophthalmic NSAIDs. Results BRET-assays revealed significant rescue of SLC4A11 mutants to the cell surface by 4 of 5 NSAIDs tested. The NSAIDs, diclofenac and nepafenac, were effective in moving endoplasmic reticulum-retained missense mutant SLC4A11 to the cell surface, as measured by confocal immunofluorescence. Among intracellular-retained SLC4A11 mutants, 20 of 30 had significant restoration of cell surface abundance upon treatment with diclofenac. Diclofenac restored mutant SLC4A11 water flux activity to the level of wild-type SLC4A11 in some cases. Conclusions These results encourage testing diclofenac eye drops as a treatment for corneal dystrophy in patients whose disease is caused by some SLC4A11 missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Alka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Zhang L, Guo Z, Wang Y, Geng J, Han S. The protective effect of kaempferol on heart via the regulation of Nrf2, NF-κβ, and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways in isoproterenol-induced heart failure in diabetic rats. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:294-309. [PMID: 30864233 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to delineate the effect of kaempferol (KF) on heart failure (HF) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced male diabetic rats received KF orally at 10 and 20 mg/kg for 42 consecutive days. In last 2 days of the experimental period, isoproterenol was subcutaneously injected at 85 mg/kg to induce HF. The hearts were processed for hemodynamic, biochemical, molecular, and histological investigations. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were elevated in KF-treated HF-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, KF treatment resulted in decreased fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with increased serum insulin levels. Besides, serum cardiac injury markers like troponin-I, creatine kinase-muscle/brain, lactate dehydrogenase, and brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly reduced in KF treatment. KF treatment has shown decrease in cardiac heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase with increased Keap1 mRNA levels. The cardioprotection of KF was improved by inhibition of apoptosis via blocking phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling pathways in HF-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, reduced cardiac apoptosis in KF treatment was confirmed by decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells, histopathological changes in HF-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, the cardioprotective effect of KF is attributed to the regulation of Nrf2, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways in HF-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Geng
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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19
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Sarnicola C, Farooq AV, Colby K. Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: Update on Pathogenesis and Future Directions. Eye Contact Lens 2019; 45:1-10. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Liu XF, Zhou DD, Xie T, Hao JL, Malik TH, Lu CB, Qi J, Pant OP, Lu CW. The Nrf2 Signaling in Retinal Ganglion Cells under Oxidative Stress in Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1090-1098. [PMID: 29989056 PMCID: PMC6036726 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are one of the important cell types affected in many ocular neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in retinal RGCs death in ocular neurodegenerative diseases. More and more attention has been focused on studying the agents that may have neuroprotective effects. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key nuclear transcription factor for the systemic antioxidant defense system. This review elucidates the underlying mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated neuroprotective effects on RGCs in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several Nrf2 inducers that shield RGCs from oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration via regulating Nrf2 signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of . Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tayyab Hamid Malik
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Om Prakash Pant
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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21
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Abstract
Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (FED) is characterized by corneal endothelial dysfunction and guttate excrescences on the posterior corneal surface, and is the leading indication for corneal transplantation in developed countries. In severe cases, keratoplasty is considered as the gold standard of treatment. However, there have been significant developments in our understanding of FED over the past decade. Attempts have been made to treat this disease with regenerative therapy techniques such as primary descemetorhexis without an endothelial graft or with a tissue-engineering approach. The discovery of a strong association between the CTG18.1 trinucleotide repeat expansion sequence and FED may pave the way for gene therapy strategies in the future. In this review, we evaluate these novel therapeutic modalities as possible alternatives to keratoplasty as the standard of care for FED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiang Soh
- Tissue Engineering & Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 168751, Singapore.,Department of Corneal & External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore
| | - Gary Sl Peh
- Tissue Engineering & Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 168751, Singapore.,Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering & Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 168751, Singapore.,Department of Corneal & External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore.,Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
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22
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Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: a review of their role in ocular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2865-2883. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For many years, oxidative stress arising from the ubiquitous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. While emerging research has provided some evidence of the important physiological role of ROS in normal cell function, disease may arise where the concentration of ROS exceeds and overwhelms the body’s natural defence against them. Additionally, ROS may induce genomic aberrations which affect cellular homoeostasis and may result in disease. This literature review examines the current evidence for the role of oxidative stress in important ocular diseases with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets for future study. The need is particularly pressing in developing treatments for conditions which remain notoriously difficult to treat, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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23
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Nrf2, a Potential Therapeutic Target against Oxidative Stress in Corneal Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2326178. [PMID: 29209447 PMCID: PMC5676473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2326178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Conservative medical agents, which may prevent sight-threatening corneal disease progression, are urgently desired. Numerous evidences have revealed the involvement of oxidative stress in various corneal diseases, such as corneal wound healing and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like erythroid-cell-derived protein with CNC homology- (ECH-) associated protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling is well known as one of the main antioxidative defense systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to elucidate the different expression profiles of Nrf2 signaling as well as the underlying mechanisms in corneal diseases, implicating that Nrf2 may serve as a potentially promising therapeutic target for corneal diseases.
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Liu W, Tang FL, Lin S, Zhao K, Mei L, Ye J, Xiong WC. Vps35-deficiency impairs SLC4A11 trafficking and promotes corneal dystrophy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184906. [PMID: 28934248 PMCID: PMC5608277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vps35 (vacuolar protein sorting 35) is a major component of retromer that selectively promotes endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of transmembrane proteins. Dysfunction of retromer is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, Vps35/retromer’s function in the eye or the contribution of Vps35-deficiency to eye degenerative disorders remains to be explored. Here we provide evidence for a critical role of Vps35 in mouse corneal dystrophy. Vps35 is expressed in mouse and human cornea. Mouse cornea from Vps35 heterozygotes (Vps35+/-) show features of dystrophy, such as loss of both endothelial and epithelial cell densities, disorganizations of endothelial, stroma, and epithelial cells, excrescences in the Descemet membrane, and corneal edema. Additionally, corneal epithelial cell proliferation was reduced in Vps35-deficient mice. Intriguingly, cell surface targeting of SLC4A11, a membrane transport protein (OH- /H+ /NH3 /H2O) of corneal endothelium, whose mutations have been identified in patients with corneal dystrophy, was impaired in Vps35-deficient cells and cornea. Taken together, these results suggest that SLC4A11 appears to be a Vps35/retromer cargo, and Vps35-regulation of SLC4A11 trafficking may underlie Vps35/retromer regulation of corneal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WX); (JY)
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WX); (JY)
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25
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Guha S, Chaurasia S, Ramachandran C, Roy S. SLC4A11 depletion impairs NRF2 mediated antioxidant signaling and increases reactive oxygen species in human corneal endothelial cells during oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642546 PMCID: PMC5481427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dystrophy is a progressive disease with gradual loss of vision and characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of corneal endothelial cells. Mutations in SLC4A11, a Na+ dependent OH− transporter, cause congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), the two most common forms of endothelial degeneration. Along with genetic factors, oxidative stress plays a role in pathogenesis of several corneal diseases. In this study we looked into the role of SLC4A11 in antioxidant stress response in human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnC). We found increased expression of SLC4A11 in presence of oxidative stress. Depletion of SLC4A11 using targeted siRNA, caused an increase in reactive oxygen species, cytochrome c, lowered mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced cell viability during oxidative stress. Moreover, SLC4A11 was found to be necessary for NRF2 mediated antioxidant gene expression in HCEnC. On the other hand, over expression of SLC4A11 reduces reactive oxygen species levels and increases cell viability. Lastly, CHED tissue specimens show evidence of oxidative stress and reduced expression of NRF2. In conclusion, our data suggests a possible role of SLC4A11 in regulating oxidative stress, and might be responsible for both the etiology and treatment of corneal endothelial dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Guha
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India.,Research Scholar, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Charanya Ramachandran
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India.,Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India. .,Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India.
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26
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Kao L, Azimov R, Shao XM, Frausto RF, Abuladze N, Newman D, Aldave AJ, Kurtz I. Multifunctional ion transport properties of human SLC4A11: comparison of the SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C variants. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C820-C830. [PMID: 27581649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00233.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), Harboyan syndrome (CHED with progressive sensorineural deafness), and potentially a subset of individuals with late-onset Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy are caused by mutations in the SLC4A11 gene that results in corneal endothelial cell abnormalities. Originally classified as a borate transporter, the function of SLC4A11 as a transport protein remains poorly understood. Elucidating the transport function(s) of SLC4A11 is needed to better understand how its loss results in the aforementioned posterior corneal dystrophic disease processes. Quantitative PCR experiments demonstrated that, of the three known human NH2-terminal variants, SLC4A11-C is the major transcript expressed in human corneal endothelium. We studied the expression pattern of the three variants in mammalian HEK-293 cells and demonstrated that the SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C variants are plasma membrane proteins, whereas SLC4A11-A is localized intracellularly. SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C were shown to be multifunctional ion transporters capable of transporting H+ equivalents in both a Na+-independent and Na+-coupled mode. In both transport modes, SLC4A11-C H+ flux was significantly greater than SLC4A11-B. In the presence of ammonia, SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C generated inward currents that were comparable in magnitude. Chimera SLC4A11-C-NH2-terminus-SLC4A11-B experiments demonstrated that the SLC4A11-C NH2-terminus functions as an autoactivating domain, enhancing Na+-independent and Na+-coupled H+ flux without significantly affecting the electrogenic NH3-H(n)+ cotransport mode. All three modes of transport were significantly impaired in the presence of the CHED causing p.R109H (SLC4A11-C numbering) mutation. These complex ion transport properties need to be addressed in the context of corneal endothelial disease processes caused by mutations in SLC4A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyo Kao
- Division of Nephrology.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rustam Azimov
- Division of Nephrology.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Department of Neurobiology.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ricardo F Frausto
- Stein Eye Institute, and.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natalia Abuladze
- Division of Nephrology.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Debra Newman
- Division of Nephrology.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony J Aldave
- Stein Eye Institute, and.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, .,Brain Research Institute.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Oliver VF, Vincent AL. The Genetics and Pathophysiology of IC3D Category 1 Corneal Dystrophies: A Review. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016; 5:272-81. [PMID: 27213768 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders affecting the cornea, many of which lead to visual impairment. The International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies has established criteria to clarify the status of the various corneal dystrophies, which include the knowledge of the underlying genetics. In this review, we discuss the International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies category 1 (second edition) corneal dystrophies, for which a clear genetic link has been established. We highlight the various mechanisms underlying corneal dystrophy pathology, including structural disorganization, instability or maladhesion, aberrant protein stability and deposition, abnormal cellular proliferation or apoptosis, and dysfunction of normal enzymatic processes. Understanding these genetic mechanisms is essential for designing targets for therapeutic intervention, especially in the age of gene therapy and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Frances Oliver
- From the *Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and †Eye Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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