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Perez-Miller S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Peptide and Peptidomimetic Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 with the N-Type Calcium Channel for Pain Relief. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1916-1936. [PMID: 39022365 PMCID: PMC11249630 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels serve pleiotropic functions. Often found in complexes, their activities and functions are sculpted by auxiliary proteins. We discovered that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a binding partner and regulator of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2), a genetically validated contributor to chronic pain. Herein, we trace the discovery of a new peptidomimetic modulator of this interaction, starting from the identification and development of CBD3, a CRMP2-derived CaV binding domain peptide. CBD3 uncouples CRMP2-CaV2.2 binding to decrease CaV2.2 surface localization and calcium currents. These changes occur at presynaptic sites of nociceptive neurons and indeed, CBD3 ameliorates chronic pain in preclinical models. In pursuit of a CBD3 peptidomimetic, we exploited a unique approach to identify a dipeptide with low conformational flexibility and high solvent accessibility that anchors binding to CaV2.2. From a pharmacophore screen, we obtained CBD3063, a small-molecule that recapitulated CBD3's activity, reversing nociceptive behaviors in rodents of both sexes without sensory, affective, or cognitive effects. By disrupting the CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction, CBD3063 exerts these effects indirectly through modulating CaV2.2 trafficking, supporting CRMP2 as an auxiliary subunit of CaV2.2. The parent peptide CBD3 was also found by us and others to have neuroprotective properties at postsynaptic sites, through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3, potentially acting as an auxiliary subunit for these pathways as well. Our new compound is poised to address several open questions regarding CRMP2's role in regulating the CaV2.2 pathways to treat pain with the potential added benefit of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
- Pain
and Addiction Therapeutics (PATH) Collaboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Cao B, Xu Q, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li H, Zheng J, Liu F, Wan Y, Wei B. Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:155. [PMID: 38851750 PMCID: PMC11162504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, the current methods for pain assessment and treatment fall short of clinical needs. Benefiting from advances in neuroscience and biotechnology, the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms critically involved in pain modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements have incited progress in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting the stage for the subsequent contents. The review next delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying pain disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification, inflammasome, signaling pathways and microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view of pain research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism and pain comorbidities, are discussed in detail based on current findings. The status quo of pain evaluation and manipulation is summarized. A series of improved and innovative pain management strategies, such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface and microbial intervention, are making strides towards clinical application. We highlight existing limitations and future directions for enhancing the quality of preclinical and clinical research. Efforts to decipher the complexities of pain pathology will be instrumental in translating scientific discoveries into clinical practice, thereby improving pain management from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yajiao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Gomez K, Allen HN, Duran P, Loya-Lopez S, Calderon-Rivera A, Moutal A, Tang C, Nelson TS, Perez-Miller S, Khanna R. Targeted transcriptional upregulation of SENP1 by CRISPR activation enhances deSUMOylation pathways to elicit antinociception in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. Pain 2024; 165:866-883. [PMID: 37862053 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.7 is an essential component of human pain signaling. Changes in Na V 1.7 trafficking are considered critical in the development of neuropathic pain. SUMOylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) regulates the membrane trafficking and function of Na V 1.7. Enhanced CRMP2 SUMOylation in neuropathic pain correlates with increased Na V 1.7 activity. Pharmacological and genetic interventions that interfere with CRMP2 SUMOylation in rodents with neuropathic pain have been shown to reverse mechanical allodynia. Sentrin or SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs) are vital for balancing SUMOylation and deSUMOylation of substrates. Overexpression of SENP1 and/or SENP2 in CRMP2-expressing cells results in increased deSUMOylation and decreased membrane expression and currents of Na V 1.7. Although SENP1 is present in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, its role in regulating Na V 1.7 function and pain is not known. We hypothesized that favoring SENP1 expression can enhance CRMP2 deSUMOylation to modulate Na V 1.7 channels. In this study, we used a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats activation (CRISPRa) SENP1 lentivirus to overexpress SENP1 in dorsal root ganglia neurons. We found that SENP1 lentivirus reduced CRMP2 SUMOylation, Na V 1.7-CRMP2 interaction, and Na V 1.7 membrane expression. SENP1 overexpression decreased Na V 1.7 currents through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, directly linked to CRMP2 deSUMOylation. Moreover, enhancing SENP1 expression did not affect the activity of TRPV1 channels or voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels. Intrathecal injection of CRISPRa SENP1 lentivirus reversed mechanical allodynia in male and female rats with spinal nerve injury. These results provide evidence that the pain-regulating effects of SENP1 overexpression involve, in part, the modulation of Na V 1.7 channels through the indirect mechanism of CRMP2 deSUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather N Allen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Loya-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tyler S Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Loya-Lopez SI, Allen HN, Duran P, Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Kumar U, Shields R, Zeng R, Dwivedi A, Saurabh S, Korczeniewska OA, Khanna R. Intranasal CRMP2-Ubc9 inhibitor regulates Na V 1.7 to alleviate trigeminal neuropathic pain. Pain 2024; 165:573-588. [PMID: 37751532 PMCID: PMC10922202 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dysregulation of voltage-gated sodium Na V 1.7 channels in sensory neurons contributes to chronic pain conditions, including trigeminal neuropathic pain. We previously reported that chronic pain results in part from increased SUMOylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), leading to an increased CRMP2/Na V 1.7 interaction and increased functional activity of Na V 1.7. Targeting this feed-forward regulation, we developed compound 194 , which inhibits CRMP2 SUMOylation mediated by the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. We further demonstrated that 194 effectively reduces the functional activity of Na V 1.7 channels in dorsal root ganglia neurons and alleviated inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we used a comprehensive array of approaches, encompassing biochemical, pharmacological, genetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral analyses, to assess the functional implications of Na V 1.7 regulation by CRMP2 in trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons. We confirmed the expression of Scn9a , Dpysl2 , and UBE2I within TG neurons. Furthermore, we found an interaction between CRMP2 and Na V 1.7, with CRMP2 being SUMOylated in these sensory ganglia. Disrupting CRMP2 SUMOylation with compound 194 uncoupled the CRMP2/Na V 1.7 interaction, impeded Na V 1.7 diffusion on the plasma membrane, and subsequently diminished Na V 1.7 activity. Compound 194 also led to a reduction in TG neuron excitability. Finally, when intranasally administered to rats with chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve, 194 significantly decreased nociceptive behaviors. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of CRMP2 in regulating Na V 1.7 within TG neurons, emphasizing the importance of this indirect modulation in trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago I. Loya-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Heather N. Allen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Upasana Kumar
- Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07101, United States of America
| | - Rory Shields
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark Health Science Campus, Newark, NJ 07101, United States of America
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, United States of America
| | - Akshat Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, United States of America
| | - Saumya Saurabh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, United States of America
| | - Olga A. Korczeniewska
- Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07101, United States of America
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark Health Science Campus, Newark, NJ 07101, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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Gomez K, Duran P, Tonello R, Allen HN, Boinon L, Calderon-Rivera A, Loya-López S, Nelson TS, Ran D, Moutal A, Bunnett NW, Khanna R. Neuropilin-1 is essential for vascular endothelial growth factor A-mediated increase of sensory neuron activity and development of pain-like behaviors. Pain 2023; 164:2696-2710. [PMID: 37366599 PMCID: PMC10751385 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds numerous ligands including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Binding of this ligand to NRP-1 and the co-receptor, the tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR2, elicits nociceptor sensitization resulting in pain through the enhancement of the activity of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. We previously reported that blocking the interaction between VEGFA and NRP-1 with the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 attenuates VEGFA-induced dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal excitability and alleviates neuropathic pain, pointing to the VEGFA/NRP-1 signaling as a novel therapeutic target of pain. Here, we investigated whether peripheral sensory neurons and spinal cord hyperexcitability and pain behaviors were affected by the loss of NRP-1. Nrp-1 is expressed in both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic sensory neurons. A CRIPSR/Cas9 strategy targeting the second exon of nrp-1 gene was used to knockdown NRP-1. Neuropilin-1 editing in DRG neurons reduced VEGFA-mediated increases in CaV2.2 currents and sodium currents through NaV1.7. Neuropilin-1 editing had no impact on voltage-gated potassium channels. Following in vivo editing of NRP-1, lumbar dorsal horn slices showed a decrease in the frequency of VEGFA-mediated increases in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents. Finally, intrathecal injection of a lentivirus packaged with an NRP-1 guide RNA and Cas9 enzyme prevented spinal nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both male and female rats. Collectively, our findings highlight a key role of NRP-1 in modulating pain pathways in the sensory nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Heather N. Allen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Santiago Loya-López
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tyler S. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Aubin Moutal
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University; Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University; New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue; New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Gomez K, Stratton HJ, Duran P, Loya S, Tang C, Calderon-Rivera A, François-Moutal L, Khanna M, Madura CL, Luo S, McKiver B, Choi E, Ran D, Boinon L, Perez-Miller S, Damaj MI, Moutal A, Khanna R. Identification and targeting of a unique Na V1.7 domain driving chronic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217800120. [PMID: 37498871 PMCID: PMC10410761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules directly targeting the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) NaV1.7 have not been clinically successful. We reported that preventing the addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifier onto the NaV1.7-interacting cytosolic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) blocked NaV1.7 function and was antinociceptive in rodent models of neuropathic pain. Here, we discovered a CRMP2 regulatory sequence (CRS) unique to NaV1.7 that is essential for this regulatory coupling. CRMP2 preferentially bound to the NaV1.7 CRS over other NaV isoforms. Substitution of the NaV1.7 CRS with the homologous domains from the other eight VGSC isoforms decreased NaV1.7 currents. A cell-penetrant decoy peptide corresponding to the NaV1.7-CRS reduced NaV1.7 currents and trafficking, decreased presynaptic NaV1.7 expression, reduced spinal CGRP release, and reversed nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia. Importantly, the NaV1.7-CRS peptide did not produce motor impairment, nor did it alter physiological pain sensation, which is essential for survival. As a proof-of-concept for a NaV1.7 -targeted gene therapy, we packaged a plasmid encoding the NaV1.7-CRS in an AAV virus. Treatment with this virus reduced NaV1.7 function in both rodent and rhesus macaque sensory neurons. This gene therapy reversed and prevented mechanical allodynia in a model of nerve injury and reversed mechanical and cold allodynia in a model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. These findings support the conclusion that the CRS domain is a targetable region for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Harrison J. Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Santiago Loya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | | | - May Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Cynthia L. Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Bryan McKiver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Edward Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO63104
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY10010
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Loya-Lopez SI, Allen HN, Duran P, Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Kumar U, Shields R, Zeng R, Dwivedi A, Saurabh S, Korczeniewska OA, Khanna R. Intranasal CRMP2-Ubc9 Inhibitor Regulates Na V 1.7 to Alleviate Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549195. [PMID: 37502910 PMCID: PMC10370107 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of voltage-gated sodium Na V 1.7 channels in sensory neurons contributes to chronic pain conditions, including trigeminal neuropathic pain. We previously reported that chronic pain results in part from increased SUMOylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), leading to an increased CRMP2/Na V 1.7 interaction and increased functional activity of Na V 1.7. Targeting this feed-forward regulation, we developed compound 194 , which inhibits CRMP2 SUMOylation mediated by the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. We further demonstrated that 194 effectively reduces the functional activity of Na V 1.7 channels in dorsal root ganglia neurons and alleviated inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we employed a comprehensive array of investigative approaches, encompassing biochemical, pharmacological, genetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral analyses, to assess the functional implications of Na V 1.7 regulation by CRMP2 in trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons. We confirmed the expression of Scn9a , Dpysl2 , and UBE2I within TG neurons. Furthermore, we found an interaction between CRMP2 and Na V 1.7, with CRMP2 being SUMOylated in these sensory ganglia. Disrupting CRMP2 SUMOylation with compound 194 uncoupled the CRMP2/Na V 1.7 interaction, impeded Na V 1.7 diffusion on the plasma membrane, and subsequently diminished Na V 1.7 activity. Compound 194 also led to a reduction in TG neuron excitability. Finally, when intranasally administered to rats with chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION), 194 significantly decreased nociceptive behaviors. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of CRMP2 in regulating Na V 1.7 within TG neurons, emphasizing the importance of this indirect modulation in trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Yin JB, Liu HX, Dong QQ, Wu HH, Liang ZW, Fu JT, Zhao WJ, Hu HQ, Guo HW, Zhang T, Lu YC, Jin S, Wang XL, Cao BZ, Wang Z, Ding T. Correlative increasing expressions of KIF5b and Nav1.7 in DRG neurons of rats under neuropathic pain conditions. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114115. [PMID: 36773735 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nav1.7, one of tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels, mainly expressed in the small diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The expression and accumulation on neuronal membrane of Nav1.7 increased following peripheral tissue inflammation or nerve injury. However, the mechanisms for membrane accumulation of Nav1.7 remained unclear. We report that KIF5b, a highly expressed member of the kinesin-1 family in DRGs, promoted the translocation of Nav1.7 to the plasma membrane in DRG neurons of the rat. Following nociceptive behaviors in rats induced by peripheral spared nerve injury (SNI), synchronously increased KIF5b and Nav1.7 expressions were observed in DRGs. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated the co-expressions of KIF5b and Nav1.7 in the same DRG neurons. Immunoprecipitation experiments further confirmed the interactions between KIF5b and Nav1.7. Moreover, intrathecal injections of KIF5b shRNA moderated the SNI-induced both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The rescued analgesic effects also alleviated SNI-induced anxiety-like behaviors. In sum, KIF5b was required for the membrane localizations of Nav1.7, which suggests a novel mechanism for the trafficking of Nav1.7 involved in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qin-Qin Dong
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China; Department of Neurology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Huang-Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhuo-Wen Liang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jin-Tao Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Yanzhou District Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272100, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huai-Qiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Bing-Zhen Cao
- Department of Neurology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan 250031, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Tan Ding
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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9
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Wang C, Chen R, Zhu X, Zhang X. Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Ameliorates Pain Sensitization in Central Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury via the HDAC5/NEDD4/SCN9A Axis. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03913-z. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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10
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Loya-López SI, Duran P, Ran D, Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Moutal A, Khanna R. Cell specific regulation of NaV1.7 activity and trafficking in rat nodose ganglia neurons. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100109. [PMID: 36531612 PMCID: PMC9755031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium NaV1.7 channel sets the threshold for electrogenesis. Mutations in the gene encoding human NaV1.7 (SCN9A) cause painful neuropathies or pain insensitivity. In dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, activity and trafficking of NaV1.7 are regulated by the auxiliary collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Specifically, preventing addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), by the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, at lysine-374 (K374) of CRMP2 reduces NaV1.7 channel trafficking and activity. We previously identified a small molecule, designated 194, that prevented CRMP2 SUMOylation by Ubc9 to reduce NaV1.7 surface expression and currents, leading to a reduction in spinal nociceptive transmission, and culminating in normalization of mechanical allodynia in models of neuropathic pain. In this study, we investigated whether NaV1.7 control via CRMP2-SUMOylation is conserved in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons. This study was motivated by our desire to develop 194 as a safe, non-opioid substitute for persistent pain, which led us to wonder how 194 would impact NaV1.7 in NG neurons, which are responsible for driving the cough reflex. We found functioning NaV1.7 channels in NG neurons; however, they were resistant to downregulation via either CRMP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CRMP2 SUMOylation by 194. CRMP2 SUMOylation and interaction with NaV1.7 was consered in NG neurons but the endocytic machinery was deficient in the endocytic adaptor protein Numb. Overexpression of Numb rescued CRMP2-dependent regulation on NaV1.7, rendering NG neurons sensitive to 194. Altogether, these data point at the existence of cell-specific mechanisms regulating NaV1.7 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago I. Loya-López
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
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11
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Matthews RM, Bradley E, Griffin CS, Lim XR, Mullins ND, Hollywood MA, Lundy FT, McGarvey LP, Sergeant GP, Thornbury KD. Functional expression of Na V1.7 channels in freshly dispersed mouse bronchial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C749-C762. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00011.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolated smooth muscle cells (SMC) from mouse bronchus were studied using the whole-cell patch clamp technique at ~21oC. Stepping from -100 mV to -20 mV evoked inward currents of mean amplitude -275 pA. These inactivated (tau=1.1 ms) and were abolished when external Na+ was substituted with N-Methyl-D-glucamine. In current-voltage protocols, current peaked at -10 mV and reversed between +20 and +30 mV. The V1/2s of activation and inactivation were -25 & -86 mV, respectively. The current was highly sensitive to tetrodotoxin (IC50=1.5 nM) and the NaV1.7 subtype selective blocker, PF-05089771 (IC50=8.6 nM), consistent with NaV1.7 as the underlying pore-forming a subunit. Two NaV1.7-selective antibodies caused membrane-delineated staining of isolated SMC, as did a non-selective pan-NaVantibody. RT-PCR, performed on groups of ~15 isolated SMC, revealed transcripts for NaV1.7 in 7/8 samples. Veratridine (30 mM), a non-selective NaV channel activator, reduced peak current evoked by depolarization but induced a sustained current of 40 pA. Both effects were reversed by tetrodotoxin (100 nM). In tension experiments veratridine (10 mM) induced contractions that were entirely blocked by atropine (1 mM). However, in the presence of atropine, veratridine was able to modulate the pattern of activity induced by a combination of U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic) & PGE2(prostaglandin E2), by eliminating bursts in favour of sustained phasic contractions. These effects were readily reversed to control-like activity by tetrodotoxin (100 nM). In conclusion, mouse bronchial SMC functionally express NaV1.7 channels that are capable of modulating contractile activity, at least under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Matthews
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Bradley
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Caoimhin S. Griffin
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Xin Rui Lim
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Nicolas D. Mullins
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Mark A. Hollywood
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala T. Lundy
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Lorcan P. McGarvey
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Gerard P. Sergeant
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
| | - Keith D. Thornbury
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
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12
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Boinon L, Yu J, Madura CL, Chefdeville A, Feinstein DL, Moutal A, Khanna R. Conditional knockout of CRMP2 in neurons, but not astrocytes, disrupts spinal nociceptive neurotransmission to control the initiation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2022; 163:e368-e381. [PMID: 35029600 PMCID: PMC8760468 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mechanistic studies principally focusing on primary afferent nociceptive neurons uncovered the upregulation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2)-a dual trafficking regulator of N-type voltage-gated calcium (Cav2.2) as well as Nav1.7 voltage-gated sodium channels-as a potential determinant of neuropathic pain. Whether CRMP2 contributes to aberrant excitatory synaptic transmission underlying neuropathic pain processing after peripheral nerve injury is unknown. Here, we interrogated CRMP2's role in synaptic transmission and in the initiation or maintenance of chronic pain. In rats, short-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CRMP2 in the spinal cord reduced the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, but not spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, recorded from superficial dorsal horn neurons in acute spinal cord slices. No effect was observed on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In a complementary targeted approach, conditional knockout of CRMP2 from mouse neurons using a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha promoter to drive Cre recombinase expression reduced the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, but not miniature excitatory SCss. Conditional knockout of CRMP2 from mouse astrocytes using a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter had no effect on synaptic transmission. Conditional knockout of CRMP2 in neurons reversed established mechanical allodynia induced by a spared nerve injury in both male and female mice. In addition, the development of spared nerve injury-induced allodynia was also prevented in these mice. Our data strongly suggest that CRMP2 is a key regulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission driving pain signaling and that it contributes to the transition of physiological pain into pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 United States of America
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 United States of America
| | - Cynthia L. Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 United States of America
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 United States of America
| | - Douglas L. Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 United States of America
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 United States of America
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, United States of America
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13
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Li J, Stratton HJ, Lorca SA, Grace PM, Khanna R. Small molecule targeting NaV1.7 via inhibition of the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction reduces pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. Channels (Austin) 2022; 16:1-8. [PMID: 34983286 PMCID: PMC8741281 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.2023383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel isoform NaV1.7 is a critical player in the transmission of nociceptive information. This channel has been heavily implicated in human genetic pain disorders and is a validated pain target. However, targeting this channel directly has failed, and an indirect approach – disruption of interactions with accessory protein partners – has emerged as a viable alternative strategy. We recently reported that a small-molecule inhibitor of CRMP2 SUMOylation, compound 194, selectively reduces NaV1.7 currents in DRG neurons across species from mouse to human. This compound also reversed mechanical allodynia in a spared nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced model of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that oral administration of 194 reverses mechanical allodynia in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, we show that orally administered 194 reverses the increased latency to cross an aversive barrier in a mechanical conflict-avoidance task following CCI. These two findings, in the context of our previous report, support the conclusion that 194 is a robust inhibitor of NaV1.7 function with the ultimate effect of profoundly ameliorating mechanical allodynia associated with nerve injury. The fact that this was observed using both traditional, evoked measures of pain behavior as well as the more recently developed operator-independent mechanical conflict-avoidance assay increases confidence in the efficacy of 194-induced anti-nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Li
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harrison J Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sabina A Lorca
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter M Grace
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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14
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Braden K, Stratton HJ, Salvemini D, Khanna R. Small molecule targeting NaV1.7 via inhibition of the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction reduces and prevents pain chronification in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 11:100082. [PMID: 35024498 PMCID: PMC8733339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with anti-neoplastic agents can lead to the development of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which is long lasting and often refractory to treatment. This neuropathic pain develops along dermatomes innervated by peripheral nerves with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is expressed at high levels in peripheral nerve tissues and has been implicated in the development of CIPN. Efforts to develop novel analgesics directly inhibiting NaV1.7 have been unsuccessful, and our group has pioneered an alternative approach based on indirect modulation of channel trafficking by the accessory protein collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). We have recently reported a small molecule, compound 194, that inhibits CRMP2 SUMOylation by the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 (Cai et al. , Sci. Transl. Med. 2021 13(6 1 9):eabh1314). Compound 194 is a potent and selective inhibitor of NaV1.7 currents in DRG neurons and reverses mechanical allodynia in models of surgical, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain, including spared nerve injury and paclitaxelinduced peripheral neuropathy. Here we report that, in addition to its reported effects in rats, 194 also reduces mechanical allodynia in male CD-1 mice treated with platinumcomplex agent oxaliplatin. Importantly, treatment with 194 prevented the development of mechanical allodynia when co-administered with oxaliplatin. No effects were observed on the body weight of animals treated with oxaliplatin or 194 throughout the study period. These findings support the notion that 194 is a robust inhibitor of CIPN that reduces established neuropathic pain and prevents the emergence of neuropathic pain during treatment with multiple anti-neoplastic agents in both mice and rats.
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Key Words
- CIPN, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRMP2
- CRMP2, collapsin response mediator protein 2
- Chemotherapy
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- NaV1.7
- NaV1.7, voltage-gated sodium channel family 1 isoform 7
- Neuropathy
- Oxaliplatin
- PWT, paw withdrawal threshold
- SNI, spared nerve injury
- SUMO, smallubiquitin like modifier
- SUMOylation
- TTX, tetrodotoxin
- TTX-R, tetrodotoxin-resistant
- TTX-S, tetrodotoxin-sensitive
- Ubc9, E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme
- t-CSM, tat-CRMP2 SUMOylation motif
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Braden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Harrison J. Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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15
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Jansen LAR, Forster LA, Smith XL, Rubaharan M, Murphy AZ, Baro DJ. Changes in peripheral HCN2 channels during persistent inflammation. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:165-179. [PMID: 33423595 PMCID: PMC7808421 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1870086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptor sensitization following nerve injury or inflammation leads to chronic pain. An increase in the nociceptor hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih, is observed in many models of pathological pain. Pharmacological blockade of Ih prevents the mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity that occurs during pathological pain. Alterations in the Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (HCN2) mediate Ih-dependent thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Limited knowledge exists regarding the nature of these changes during chronic inflammatory pain. Modifications in HCN2 expression and post-translational SUMOylation have been observed in the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of chronic inflammatory pain. Intra-plantar injection of CFA into the rat hindpaw induces unilateral hyperalgesia that is sustained for up to 14 days following injection. The hindpaw is innervated by primary afferents in lumbar DRG, L4-6. Adjustments in HCN2 expression and SUMOylation have been well-documented for L5 DRG during the first 7 days of CFA-induced inflammation. Here, we examine bilateral L4 and L6 DRG at day 1 and day 3 post-CFA. Using L4 and L6 DRG cryosections, HCN2 expression and SUMOylation were measured with immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assays, respectively. Our findings indicate that intra-plantar injection of CFA elicited a bilateral increase in HCN2 expression in L4 and L6 DRG at day 1, but not day 3, and enhanced HCN2 SUMOylation in ipsilateral L6 DRG at day 1 and day 3. Changes in HCN2 expression and SUMOylation were transient over this time course. Our study suggests that HCN2 is regulated by multiple mechanisms during CFA-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-A. R. Jansen
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - L. A. Forster
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - X. L. Smith
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M. Rubaharan
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A. Z. Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - D. J. Baro
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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16
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Cai S, Moutal A, Yu J, Chew LA, Isensee J, Chawla R, Gomez K, Luo S, Zhou Y, Chefdeville A, Madura C, Perez-Miller S, Bellampalli SS, Dorame A, Scott DD, François-Moutal L, Shan Z, Woodward T, Gokhale V, Hohmann AG, Vanderah TW, Patek M, Khanna M, Hucho T, Khanna R. Selective targeting of NaV1.7 via inhibition of the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction reduces pain in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabh1314. [PMID: 34757807 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium NaV1.7 channel, critical for sensing pain, has been actively targeted by drug developers; however, there are currently no effective and safe therapies targeting NaV1.7. Here, we tested whether a different approach, indirect NaV1.7 regulation, could have antinociceptive effects in preclinical models. We found that preventing addition of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) on the NaV1.7-interacting cytosolic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) blocked NaV1.7 functions and had antinociceptive effects in rodents. In silico targeting of the SUMOylation site in CRMP2 (Lys374) identified >200 hits, of which compound 194 exhibited selective in vitro and ex vivo NaV1.7 engagement. Orally administered 194 was not only antinociceptive in preclinical models of acute and chronic pain but also demonstrated synergy alongside other analgesics—without eliciting addiction, rewarding properties, or neurotoxicity. Analgesia conferred by 194 was opioid receptor dependent. Our results demonstrate that 194 is a first-in-class protein-protein inhibitor that capitalizes on CRMP2-NaV1.7 regulation to deliver safe analgesia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Lindsey A Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Translational Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str 9, Cologne D-50931, Germany
| | - Reena Chawla
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Cynthia Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Shreya Sai Bellampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - David D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Taylor Woodward
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Marcel Patek
- Regulonix LLC, 1555 E. Entrada Segunda, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
- Bright Rock Path LLC, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Regulonix LLC, 1555 E. Entrada Segunda, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Translational Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str 9, Cologne D-50931, Germany
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Regulonix LLC, 1555 E. Entrada Segunda, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
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17
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Cheng J, Deng Y, Zhou J. Role of the Ubiquitin System in Chronic Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:674914. [PMID: 34122010 PMCID: PMC8194701 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.674914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a significant public health issue, chronic pain, mainly neuropathic pain (NP) and inflammatory pain, has a severe impact. The underlying mechanisms of chronic pain are enigmatic at present. The roles of ubiquitin have been demonstrated in various physiological and pathological conditions and underscore its potential as therapeutic targets. The dysfunction of the component of the ubiquitin system that occurs during chronic pain is rapidly being discovered. These results provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms of chronic pain. Chronic pain is regulated by ubiquitination, SUMOylation, ubiquitin ligase, and deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), etc. Insight into the mechanism of the ubiquitin system regulating chronic pain might contribute to relevant therapeutic targets and the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Foxo1 selectively regulates static mechanical pain by interacting with Nav1.7. Pain 2021; 162:490-502. [PMID: 32868747 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mechanical allodynia is a debilitating condition for millions of patients with chronic pain. Mechanical allodynia can manifest in distinct forms, including brush-evoked dynamic and filament-evoked static allodynia. In the nervous system, the forkhead protein Foxo1 plays a critical role in neuronal structures and functions. However, the role of Foxo1 in the somatosensory signal remains unclear. Here, we found that Foxo1 selectively regulated static mechanical pain. Foxo1 knockdown decreased sensitivity to static mechanical stimuli in normal rats and attenuated static mechanical allodynia in rat models for neuropathic, inflammatory, and chemotherapy pain. Conversely, Foxo1 overexpression selectively enhanced sensitivity to static mechanical stimuli and provoked static mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, Foxo1 interacted with voltage-gated sodium Nav1.7 channels and increased the Nav1.7 current density by accelerating activation rather than by changing the expression of Nav1.7 in dorsal root ganglia neurons. In addition, the serum level of Foxo1 was found to be increased in chronic pain patients and to be positively correlated with the severity of chronic pain. Altogether, our findings suggest that serum Foxo1 level could be used as a biological marker for prediction and diagnosis of chronic pain. Moreover, selective blockade of Foxo1/Nav1.7 interaction may offer a new therapeutic approach in patients with mechanical pain.
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19
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Chronic pain susceptibility is associated with anhedonic behavior and alterations in the accumbal ubiquitin-proteasome system. Pain 2021; 162:1722-1731. [PMID: 33449505 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT It remains unknown why on similar acute/subacute painful conditions, pain persists in some individuals while in others it resolves. Genetic factors, mood, and functional alterations, particularly involving the mesolimbic network, seem to be key. To explore potential susceptibility or resistance factors, we screened a large population of rats with a peripheral neuropathy and we isolated a small subset (<15%) that presented high thresholds (HTs) to mechanical allodynia (reduced pain manifestation). The phenotype was sustained over 12 weeks and was associated with higher hedonic behavior when compared with low-threshold (LT) subjects. The nucleus accumbens of HT and LT animals were isolated for proteomic analysis by Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra. Two hundred seventy-nine proteins displayed different expression between LT and HT animals or subjects. Among several protein families, the proteasome pathway repeatedly emerged in gene ontology enrichment and KEGG analyses. Several alpha and beta 20S proteasome subunits were increased in LT animals when compared with HT animals (eg, PSMα1, PSMα2, and PSMβ5). On the contrary, UBA6, an upstream ubiquitin-activating enzyme, was decreased in LT animals. Altogether these observations are consistent with an overactivation of the accumbal proteasome pathway in animals that manifest pain and depressive-like behaviors after a neuropathic injury. All the proteomic data are available through ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022478.
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20
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Wang H, Shen YJ, Li XJ, Xia J, Sun L, Xu Y, Ma Y, Li D, Xiong YC. DNMT3b SUMOylation Mediated MMP-2 Upregulation Contribute to Paclitaxel Induced Neuropathic Pain. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1214-1223. [PMID: 33550530 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a common chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment, while it often causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia, and its mechanism remains largely unknown. The previous study has shown that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays a pivotal role in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced neuropathic pain, but its function in CIPN and exact molecular mechanisms underlying upregulation is not explored. Our present study revealed that MMP-2 is also upregulated in paclitaxel induced neuropathic pain (NP), and knockdown it by siRNA can ameliorate mechanical allodynia. Since DNA methylation is closely related to gene transcription, we explored the methylation status of the MMP-2 gene and demonstrated that MMP-2 upregulation is related to the reduced methylation level of its promoter. DNA methylation is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and previous studies suggested that three main types of DNMTs can undergo SUMOylation. Our next study revealed that SUMO1 modification of DNMT3b is significantly enhanced. Intrathecal administration of SUMOylation inhibitor, ginkgolic acid (GA), could reverse enhanced SUMO1 modification of DNMT3b and upregulation of MMP-2 in the model rats. Further investigation suggested that DNMT3b binding activity to the promoter region of the MMP-2 gene is significantly decreased in paclitaxel treated rats, and the administration of GA can reverse these effects, which is also accompanied by changes in the promoter methylation status of the MMP-2 gene. Our study demonstrates that MMP-2 up-regulation mediated by DNMT3b SUMOylation is essential for paclitaxel induced NP development, which brings us new therapeutic options for CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi-Jia Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yehao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuan-Chang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Rd.168, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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21
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Studies on CRMP2 SUMOylation-deficient transgenic mice identify sex-specific Nav1.7 regulation in the pathogenesis of chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2021; 161:2629-2651. [PMID: 32569093 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sodium channel Nav1.7 is a master regulator of nociceptive input into the central nervous system. Mutations in this channel can result in painful conditions and produce insensitivity to pain. Despite being recognized as a "poster child" for nociceptive signaling and human pain, targeting Nav1.7 has not yet produced a clinical drug. Recent work has illuminated the Nav1.7 interactome, offering insights into the regulation of these channels and identifying potentially new druggable targets. Among the regulators of Nav1.7 is the cytosolic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). CRMP2, modified at lysine 374 (K374) by addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), bound Nav1.7 to regulate its membrane localization and function. Corollary to this, preventing CRMP2 SUMOylation was sufficient to reverse mechanical allodynia in rats with neuropathic pain. Notably, loss of CRMP2 SUMOylation did not compromise other innate functions of CRMP2. To further elucidate the in vivo role of CRMP2 SUMOylation in pain, we generated CRMP2 K374A knock-in (CRMP2) mice in which Lys374 was replaced with Ala. CRMP2 mice had reduced Nav1.7 membrane localization and function in female, but not male, sensory neurons. Behavioral appraisal of CRMP2 mice demonstrated no changes in depressive or repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors and a decrease in noxious thermal sensitivity. No changes were observed in CRMP2 mice to inflammatory, acute, or visceral pain. By contrast, in a neuropathic model, CRMP2 mice failed to develop persistent mechanical allodynia. Our study suggests that CRMP2 SUMOylation-dependent control of peripheral Nav1.7 is a hallmark of chronic, but not physiological, neuropathic pain.
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22
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Qin Y, Yang X, Xing Z, Shen Y, Wu H, Qi Y. The function of SUMOylation and its crucial roles in the development of neurological diseases. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21510. [PMID: 33710677 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are relatively complex diseases of a large system; however, the detailed mechanism of their pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated, and effective treatment methods are still lacking for some of the diseases. The SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification is a dynamic and reversible process that is catalyzed by SUMO-specific E1, E2, and E3 ligases and reversed by a family of SENPs (SUMO/Sentrin-specific proteases). SUMOylation covalently conjugates numerous cellular proteins, and affects their cellular localization and biological activity in numerous cellular processes. A wide range of neuronal proteins have been identified as SUMO substrates, and the disruption of SUMOylation results in defects in synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and neuronal stress responses. SUMOylation disorders cause many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. By modulating the ion channel subunit, SUMOylation imbalance is responsible for the development of various channelopathies. The regulation of protein SUMOylation in neurons may provide a new strategy for the development of targeted therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases and channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengcao Xing
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajie Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Gomez K, Ran D, Madura CL, Moutal A, Khanna R. Non-SUMOylated CRMP2 decreases Na V1.7 currents via the endocytic proteins Numb, Nedd4-2 and Eps15. Mol Brain 2021; 14:20. [PMID: 33478555 PMCID: PMC7819318 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are key players in neuronal excitability and pain signaling. Functional expression of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is under the control of SUMOylated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). When not SUMOylated, CRMP2 forms a complex with the endocytic proteins Numb, the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 (Eps15), and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 to promote clathrin-mediated endocytosis of NaV1.7. We recently reported that CRMP2 SUMO-null knock-in (CRMP2K374A/K374A) female mice have reduced NaV1.7 membrane localization and currents in their sensory neurons. Preventing CRMP2 SUMOylation was sufficient to reverse mechanical allodynia in CRMP2K374A/K374A female mice with neuropathic pain. Here we report that inhibiting clathrin assembly in nerve-injured male CRMP2K374A/K374A mice precipitated mechanical allodynia in mice otherwise resistant to developing persistent pain. Furthermore, Numb, Nedd4-2 and Eps15 expression was not modified in basal conditions in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of male and female CRMP2K374A/K374A mice. Finally, silencing these proteins in DRG neurons from female CRMP2K374A/K374A mice, restored the loss of sodium currents. Our study shows that the endocytic complex composed of Numb, Nedd4-2 and Eps15, is necessary for non-SUMOylated CRMP2-mediated internalization of sodium channels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Cynthia L Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. .,Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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24
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Henley JM, Seager R, Nakamura Y, Talandyte K, Nair J, Wilkinson KA. SUMOylation of synaptic and synapse-associated proteins: An update. J Neurochem 2021; 156:145-161. [PMID: 32538470 PMCID: PMC8218484 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that regulates protein signalling and complex formation by adjusting the conformation or protein-protein interactions of the substrate protein. There is a compelling and rapidly expanding body of evidence that, in addition to SUMOylation of nuclear proteins, SUMOylation of extranuclear proteins contributes to the control of neuronal development, neuronal stress responses and synaptic transmission and plasticity. In this brief review we provide an update of recent developments in the identification of synaptic and synapse-associated SUMO target proteins and discuss the cell biological and functional implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Henley
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Richard Seager
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Karolina Talandyte
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Jithin Nair
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Kevin A. Wilkinson
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
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25
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Khanna R, Moutal A, Perez-Miller S, Chefdeville A, Boinon L, Patek M. Druggability of CRMP2 for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2492-2505. [PMID: 32693579 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed phosphoproteins that coordinate cytoskeletal formation and regulate cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. Accumulating evidence has also demonstrated a key role for CRMP2 in trafficking of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and SUMOylation (addition of a small ubiquitin like modifier). Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that dysregulated post-translational modifications of CRMP2 contribute to the pathomechanisms of diverse diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, and bipolar disorder. Here, we review the discovery, functions, and current putative preclinical and clinical therapeutics targeting CRMP2. These potential therapeutics include CRMP2-based peptides that inhibit protein-protein interactions and small-molecule compounds. Capitalizing on the availability of structural information, we identify druggable pockets on CRMP2 and predict binding modes for five known CRMP2-targeting compounds, setting the stage for optimization and de novo drug discovery targeting this multifunctional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Regulonix LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85718, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Marcel Patek
- BrightRock Path, LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85704, United States
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26
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Moutal A, Shan Z, Miranda VG, François-Moutal L, Madura CL, Khanna M, Khanna R. Evaluation of edonerpic maleate as a CRMP2 inhibitor for pain relief. Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:498-504. [PMID: 31680630 PMCID: PMC6833970 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1684608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the microtubule-associated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is necessary for the expression of chronic pain. CRMP2 achieves this control of nociceptive signaling by virtue of its ability to regulate voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels. To date, however, no drugs exist that target CRMP2. Recently, the small molecule edonerpic maleate (1 -{3-[2-(1-benzothiophen-5-yl)ethoxy]propyl}azetidin-3-ol maleate), a candidate therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease was reported to be a novel CRMP2 binding compound with the potential to decrease its phosphorylation level in cortical tissues in vivo. Here we sought to determine the mechanism of action of edonerpic maleate and test its possible effect in a rodent model of chronic pain. We observed: (i) no binding between human CRMP2 and edonerpic maleate; (ii) edonerpic maleate had no effect on CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons; (iii) edonerpic maleate-decreased calcium but increased sodium current density in DRG neurons; and (iv) edonerpic maleate was ineffective in reversing post-surgical allodynia in male and female mice. Thus, while CRMP2 inhibiting compounds remain a viable strategy for developing new mechanism-based pain inhibitors, edonerpic maleate is an unlikely candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital & Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Victor G Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia L Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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27
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Singh AK, Wadsworth PA, Tapia CM, Aceto G, Ali SR, Chen H, D'Ascenzo M, Zhou J, Laezza F. Mapping of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex interface reveals FLPK as a functionally active peptide modulating excitability. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14505. [PMID: 32671946 PMCID: PMC7363588 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel complex is comprised of pore-forming α subunits (Nav1.1-1.9) and accessory regulatory proteins such as the intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). The cytosolic Nav1.6 C-terminal tail binds directly to FGF14 and this interaction modifies Nav1.6-mediated currents with effects on intrinsic excitability in the brain. Previous studies have identified the FGF14V160 residue within the FGF14 core domain as a hotspot for the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex formation. Here, we used three short amino acid peptides around FGF14V160 to probe for the FGF14 interaction with the Nav1.6 C-terminal tail and to evaluate the activity of the peptide on Nav1.6-mediated currents. In silico docking predicts FLPK to bind to FGF14V160 with the expectation of interfering with the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex formation, a phenotype that was confirmed by the split-luciferase assay (LCA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology studies demonstrate that FLPK is able to prevent previously reported FGF14-dependent phenotypes of Nav1.6 currents, but that its activity requires the FGF14 N-terminal tail, a domain that has been shown to contribute to Nav1.6 inactivation independently from the FGF14 core domain. In medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, where both FGF14 and Nav1.6 are abundantly expressed, FLPK significantly increased firing frequency by a mechanism consistent with the ability of the tetrapeptide to interfere with Nav1.6 inactivation and potentiate persistent Na+ currents. Taken together, these results indicate that FLPK might serve as a probe for characterizing molecular determinants of neuronal excitability and a peptide scaffold to develop allosteric modulators of Nav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Paul A. Wadsworth
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- M.D.‐Ph.D. Combined Degree ProgramUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Cynthia M. Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- NIEHS Environmental Toxicology Training ProgramUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Aceto
- Institute of Human PhysiologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. GemelliIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Syed R. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Marcello D'Ascenzo
- Institute of Human PhysiologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. GemelliIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Center for Addiction ResearchUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Center for Addiction ResearchUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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28
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Forster LA, Jansen LAR, Rubaharan M, Murphy AZ, Baro DJ. Alterations in SUMOylation of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 during persistent inflammation. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1517-1536. [PMID: 32446289 PMCID: PMC7496191 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Unilateral injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the intra‐plantar surface of the rodent hindpaw elicits chronic inflammation and hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hindlimb. Mechanisms contributing to this hyperalgesia may act over multiple time courses and can include changes in ion channel expression and post‐translational SUMOylation. Hyperpolarization‐activated, cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels mediate the hyperpolarization‐activated current, Ih. An HCN2‐mediated increase in C‐nociceptor Ih contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia in the CFA model of inflammatory pain. Changes in HCN2 post‐translational SUMOylation and protein expression have not been systematically documented for a given dorsal root ganglia (DRG) throughout the time course of inflammation. Methods This study examined HCN2 protein expression and post‐translational SUMOylation in a rat model of CFA‐induced hindpaw inflammation. L5 DRG cryosections were used in immunohistochemistry experiments and proximity ligation assays to investigate HCN2 expression and SUMOylation, respectively, on days 1 and 3 post‐CFA. Results Unilateral CFA injection elicited a significant bilateral increase in HCN2 staining intensity in small diameter DRG neurons on day 1 post‐CFA, and a significant bilateral increase in the number of small neurons expressing HCN2 but not staining intensity on day 3 post‐CFA. HCN2 channels were hyper‐SUMOylated in small diameter neurons of ipsilateral relative to contralateral DRG on days 1 and 3 post‐CFA. Conclusions Unilateral CFA injection elicits unilateral mechanical hyperalgesia, a bilateral increase in HCN2 expression and a unilateral increase in post‐translational SUMOylation. This suggests that enhanced HCN2 expression in L5 DRG is not sufficient for mechanical hyperalgesia in the early stages of inflammation and that hyper‐SUMOylation of HCN2 channels may also be necessary. Significance Nociceptor HCN2 channels mediate an increase in Ih that is necessary for mechanical hyperalgesia in a CFA model of chronic pain, but the mechanisms producing the increase in nociceptor Ih have not been resolved. The data presented here suggest that the increase in Ih during the early stages of inflammation may be mediated by an increase in HCN2 protein expression and post‐translational SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Forster
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah J Baro
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Kushnarev M, Pirvulescu IP, Candido KD, Knezevic NN. Neuropathic pain: preclinical and early clinical progress with voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:259-271. [PMID: 32070160 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1728254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that significantly affects the quality of life of millions of people globally. Most of the pharmacologic treatments currently in use demonstrate modest efficacy and over half of all patients do not respond to medical management. Hence, there is a need for new, efficacious drugs. Evidence points toward voltage-gated sodium channels as a key target for novel analgesics.Area covered: The role of voltage-gated sodium channels in pain pathophysiology is illuminated and the preclinical and clinical data for new sodium channel blockers and toxin-derived lead compounds are examined. The expansion of approved sodium channel blockers is discussed along with the limitations of current research, trends in drug development, and the potential of personalized medicine.Expert opinion: The transition from preclinical to clinical studies can be difficult because of the inherent inability of animal models to express the complexities of pain states. Pain pathways are notoriously intricate and may be pharmacologically modulated at a variety of targets; it is unlikely that action at a single target could completely abolish a pain response because pain is rarely unifactorial. Combination therapy may be necessary and this could further confound the discovery of novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kushnarev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Iulia Paula Pirvulescu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Candido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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30
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Buchta WC, Moutal A, Hines B, Garcia-Keller C, Smith ACW, Kalivas P, Khanna R, Riegel AC. Dynamic CRMP2 Regulation of CaV2.2 in the Prefrontal Cortex Contributes to the Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:346-357. [PMID: 31359322 PMCID: PMC6980501 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction remains a major health concern with limited effective treatment options. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying relapse may help inform the development of new pharmacotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) regulates presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission and contributes to pathological changes during diseases, such as neuropathic pain and substance use disorders. We examined the role of CRMP2 and its interactions with a known binding partner, CaV2.2, in cocaine-seeking behavior. We employed the rodent self-administration model of relapse to drug seeking and focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) for its well-established role in reinstatement behaviors. Our results indicated that repeated cocaine self-administration resulted in a dynamic and persistent alteration in the PFC expression of CRMP2 and its binding partner, the CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channel. Following cocaine self-administration and extinction training, the expression of both CRMP2 and CaV2.2 was reduced relative to yoked saline controls. By contrast, cued reinstatement potentiated CRMP2 expression and increased CaV2.2 expression above extinction levels. Lastly, we utilized the recently developed peptide myr-TAT-CBD3 to disrupt the interaction between CRMP2 and CaV2.2 in vivo. We assessed the reinstatement behavior after infusing this peptide directly into the medial PFC and found that it decreased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Taken together, these data suggest that neuroadaptations in the CRMP2/CaV2.2 signaling cascade in the PFC can facilitate drug-seeking behavior. Targeting such interactions has implications for the treatment of cocaine relapse behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Buchta
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Bethany Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Constanza Garcia-Keller
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Alexander C W Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Arthur C Riegel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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31
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Zhou Y, Cai S, Moutal A, Yu J, Gómez K, Madura CL, Shan Z, Pham NYN, Serafini MJ, Dorame A, Scott DD, François-Moutal L, Perez-Miller S, Patek M, Khanna M, Khanna R. The Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Elicits Analgesia through Inhibition of NaV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4834-4846. [PMID: 31697467 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one is a natural flavonoid found in fruits from the citrus family. Because (2S)-naringenin is known to racemize, its bioactivity might be related to one or both enantiomers. Computational studies predicted that (2R)-naringenin may act on voltage-gated ion channels, particularly the N-type calcium channel (CaV2.2) and the NaV1.7 sodium channel-both of which are key for pain signaling. Here we set out to identify the possible mechanism of action of naringenin. Naringenin inhibited depolarization-evoked Ca2+ influx in acetylcholine-, ATP-, and capsaicin-responding rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. This was corroborated in electrophysiological recordings from DRG neurons. Pharmacological dissection of each of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels subtypes could not pinpoint any selectivity of naringenin. Instead, naringenin inhibited NaV1.8-dependent and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant while sparing tetrodotoxin sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated Na+ channels as evidenced by the lack of further inhibition by the NaV1.8 blocker A-803467. The effects of the natural flavonoid were validated ex vivo in spinal cord slices where naringenin decreased both the frequency and amplitude of sEPSC recorded in neurons within the substantia gelatinosa. The antinociceptive potential of naringenin was evaluated in male and female mice. Naringenin had no effect on the nociceptive thresholds evoked by heat. Naringenin's reversed allodynia was in mouse models of postsurgical and neuropathic pain. Here, driven by a call by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health's strategic plan to advance fundamental research into basic biological mechanisms of the action of natural products, we advance the antinociceptive potential of the flavonoid naringenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Kimberly Gómez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Cynthia L. Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Nancy Y. N. Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Maria J. Serafini
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - David D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Marcel Patek
- BrightRock Path Consulting, LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
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32
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Moutal A, White KA, Chefdeville A, Laufmann RN, Vitiello PF, Feinstein D, Weimer JM, Khanna R. Dysregulation of CRMP2 Post-Translational Modifications Drive Its Pathological Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6736-6755. [PMID: 30915713 PMCID: PMC6728212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed, homologous phosphoproteins best known for coordinating cytoskeletal formation and regulating cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, oxidation, and O-GlcNAcylation. While CRMP2's physiological functions rely mostly on its non-phosphorylated state, dysregulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and SUMOylation has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer, chronic pain, spinal cord injury, neurofibromatosis type 1, and others. Here, we provide a consolidated update on what is known about CRMP2 signaling and function, first focusing on axonal growth and neuronal polarity, then illustrating the link between dysregulated CRMP2 post-translational modifications and diseases. We additionally discuss the roles of CRMP2 in non-neuronal cells, both in the CNS and regions of the periphery. Finally, we offer thoughts on the therapeutic implications of modulating CRMP2 function in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rachel N Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Douglas Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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33
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François-Moutal L, Felemban R, Scott DD, Sayegh MR, Miranda VG, Perez-Miller S, Khanna R, Gokhale V, Zarnescu DC, Khanna M. Small Molecule Targeting TDP-43's RNA Recognition Motifs Reduces Locomotor Defects in a Drosophila Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2006-2013. [PMID: 31241884 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA dysregulation likely contributes to disease pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. A pathological form of the transactive response (TAR) DNA binding protein (TDP-43) binds to RNA in stress granules and forms membraneless, amyloid-like TDP-43 aggregates in the cytoplasm of ALS motor neurons. In this study, we hypothesized that by targeting the RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains of TDP-43 that confer a pathogenic interaction between TDP-43 and RNA, motor neuron toxicity could be reduced. In silico docking of 50000 compounds to the RRM domains of TDP-43 identified a small molecule (rTRD01) that (i) bound to TDP-43's RRM1 and RRM2 domains, (ii) partially disrupted TDP-43's interaction with the hexanucleotide RNA repeat of the disease-linked c9orf72 gene, but not with (UG)6 canonical binding sequence of TDP-43, and (iii) improved larval turning, an assay measuring neuromuscular coordination and strength, in an ALS fly model based on the overexpression of mutant TDP-43. Our findings provide an instructive example of a chemical biology approach pivoted to discover small molecules targeting RNA-protein interactions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Razaz Felemban
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Melissa R. Sayegh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor G. Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Daniela C. Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Garcia-Caballero A, Zhang FX, Chen L, M'Dahoma S, Huang J, Zamponi GW. SUMOylation regulates USP5-Cav3.2 calcium channel interactions. Mol Brain 2019; 12:73. [PMID: 31455361 PMCID: PMC6712834 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3.2 calcium channels play a key role in nociceptive signaling in the primary afferent pain pathway. We have previously reported the regulation of Cav3.2 calcium channels by the deubiquitinase USP5 and its importance for regulating peripheral transmission of pain signals. Here we describe the regulation of the Cav3.2-USP5 interaction by SUMOylation. We show that endogenous USP5 protein expressed in dorsal root ganglia undergoes SUMOylation, and the level of USP5 SUMOylation is reduced following peripheral nerve injury. SUMO prediction software identified several putative lysines that have the propensity to be targets for SUMO conjugation. A series of single lysine substitutions in an mCherry tagged USP5 construct followed by expression in tsA-201 cells identified lysine K113 as a key target for USP5 SUMO2/3 modification. Finally, Cav3.2 calcium channel immunoprecipitates revealed a stronger interaction of Cav3.2 with a SUMO2/3 resistant USP5-K113R mutant, indicating that SUMO2/3 modification of USP5 reduces its affinity for the calcium channel Cav3.2. Collectively, our data suggest that dysregulation of USP5 SUMOylation after peripheral nerve injury may contribute to the well described alteration in Cav3.2 channel activity during neuropathic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Garcia-Caballero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Said M'Dahoma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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35
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Wang L, Ji S. Inhibition of Ubc9-Induced CRMP2 SUMOylation Disrupts Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:391-398. [PMID: 31267313 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive astrocytoma. Despite maximum treatment, the GBM usually recurs and the patient survival is poor. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of GBM progression will be meaningful to ameliorate this situation. In this study, collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and Ubc9 protein levels were evaluated in three GBM cell lines. Sumoylated CRMP2 were enriched and immunoprecipitated using SUMO1 and IgG antibodies. CRMP2-K374A mutant was generated by site-direct mutagenesis. All indicated constructs were transfected into GL15 cells, and the corresponding proliferation-promoting effect was assessed through cell proliferation ratio. The t-CSM peptide was used to disturb Ubc9-CRMP2 interaction. CRMP2 is expressed in all tested GBM cell lines. The Ubc9 protein levels are positively correlated with CRMP2 level, and both can promote GBM cell proliferation. Blocking CRMP2 SUMOylation through SUMOylation-incompetent mutant or small peptide suppresses CRMP2-induced GBM cell proliferation. This study demonstrates that the CRMP2 SUMOylation exists widely in GBM cells and drives glioblastoma proliferation. CRMP2 SUMOylation inhibition can significantly suppress GBM proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Suzhen Ji
- Department of Emergency, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
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36
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Shan Z, Cai S, Yu J, Zhang Z, Vallecillo TGM, Serafini MJ, Thomas AM, Pham NYN, Bellampalli SS, Moutal A, Zhou Y, Xu GB, Xu YM, Luo S, Patek M, Streicher JM, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. Reversal of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain by the Small-Molecule Natural Product Physalin F via Block of CaV2.3 (R-Type) and CaV2.2 (N-Type) Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2939-2955. [PMID: 30946560 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No universally efficacious therapy exists for chronic pain, a disease affecting one-fifth of the global population. An overreliance on the prescription of opioids for chronic pain despite their poor ability to improve function has led to a national opioid crisis. In 2018, the NIH launched a Helping to End Addiction Long-term plan to spur discovery and validation of novel targets and mechanisms to develop alternative nonaddictive treatment options. Phytochemicals with medicinal properties have long been used for various treatments worldwide. The natural product physalin F, isolated from the Physalis acutifolia (family: Solanaceae) herb, demonstrated antinociceptive effects in models of inflammatory pain, consistent with earlier reports of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. However, the target of action of physalin F remained unknown. Here, using whole-cell and slice electrophysiology, competition binding assays, and experimental models of neuropathic pain, we uncovered a molecular target for physalin F's antinociceptive actions. We found that physalin F (i) blocks CaV2.3 (R-type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, (ii) does not affect CaV3 (T-type) voltage-gated calcium channels or voltage-gated sodium or potassium channels, (iii) does not bind G-protein coupled opioid receptors, (iv) inhibits the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in spinal cord slices, and (v) reverses tactile hypersensitivity in models of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and spinal nerve ligation. Identifying CaV2.2 as a molecular target of physalin F may spur its use as a tool for mechanistic studies and position it as a structural template for future synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital & Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | | | - Jie Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital & Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- BrightRock Path Consulting, LLC, Tucson 85721, Arizona, United States
| | | | | | | | - Marcel Patek
- BrightRock Path Consulting, LLC, Tucson 85721, Arizona, United States
| | | | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
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Welch MA, Forster LA, Atlas SI, Baro DJ. SUMOylating Two Distinct Sites on the A-type Potassium Channel, Kv4.2, Increases Surface Expression and Decreases Current Amplitude. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:144. [PMID: 31213982 PMCID: PMC6554448 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational conjugation of Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) peptides to lysine (K) residues on target proteins alters their interactions. SUMOylation of a target protein can either promote its interaction with other proteins that possess SUMO binding domains, or it can prevent target protein interactions that normally occur in the absence of SUMOylation. One subclass of voltage-gated potassium channels that mediates an A-type current, IA, exists as a ternary complex comprising Kv4 pore-forming subunits, Kv channel interacting proteins (KChIP) and transmembrane dipeptidyl peptidase like proteins (DPPL). SUMOylation could potentially regulate intra- and/or intermolecular interactions within the complex. This study began to test this hypothesis and showed that Kv4.2 channels were SUMOylated in the rat brain and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing a GFP-tagged mouse Kv4.2 channel (Kv4.2g). Prediction software identified two putative SUMOylation sites in the Kv4.2 C-terminus at K437 and K579. These sites were conserved across mouse, rat, and human Kv4.2 channels and across mouse Kv4 isoforms. Increasing Kv4.2g SUMOylation at each site by ~30% produced a significant ~22%–50% decrease in IA Gmax, and a ~70%–95% increase in channel surface expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of Kv4.2g showed that K437 SUMOylation regulated channel surface expression, while K579 SUMOylation controlled IA Gmax. The K579R mutation mimicked and occluded the SUMOylation-mediated decrease in IA Gmax, suggesting that SUMOylation at K579 blocked an intra- or inter-protein interaction involving K579. The K437R mutation did not obviously alter channel surface expression or biophysical properties, but it did block the SUMOylation-mediated increase in channel surface expression. Interestingly, enhancing K437 SUMOylation in the K579R mutant roughly doubled channel surface expression, but produced no change in IA Gmax, suggesting that the newly inserted channels were electrically silent. This is the first report that Kv4.2 channels are SUMOylated and that SUMOylation can independently regulate Kv4.2 surface expression and IA Gmax in opposing directions. The next step will be to determine if/how SUMOylation affects Kv4 interactions within the ternary complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghyn A Welch
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lori A Forster
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Selin I Atlas
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deborah J Baro
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Transcriptional Regulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Contributes to GM-CSF-Induced Pain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5222-5233. [PMID: 31015342 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2204-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces the production of granulocyte and macrophage populations from the hematopoietic progenitor cells; it is one of the most common growth factors in the blood. GM-CSF is also involved in bone cancer pain development by regulating tumor-nerve interactions, remodeling of peripheral nerves, and sensitization of damage-sensing (nociceptive) nerves. However, the precise mechanism for GM-CSF-dependent pain is unclear. In this study, we found that GM-CSF is highly expressed in human malignant osteosarcoma. Female Sprague Dawley rats implanted with bone cancer cells develop mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, but antagonizing GM-CSF in these animals significantly reduced such hypersensitivity. The voltage-gated Na+ channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 were found to be selectively upregulated in rat DRG neurons treated with GM-CSF, which resulted in enhanced excitability. GM-CSF activated the Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway, which promoted the transcription of Nav1.7-1.9 in DRG neurons. Accordingly, targeted knocking down of either Nav1.7-1.9 or Jak2/Stat3 in DRG neurons in vivo alleviated the hyperalgesia in male Sprague Dawley rats. Our findings describe a novel bone cancer pain mechanism and provide a new insight into the physiological and pathological functions of GM-CSF.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It has been reported that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a key role in bone cancer pain, yet the underlying mechanisms involved in the GM-CSF-mediated signaling pathway in nociceptors is not fully understood. Here, we showed that GM-CSF promotes bone cancer-associated pain by enhancing the excitability of DRG neurons via the Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (Stat3)-mediated upregulation of expression of nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium channels. Our study provides a detailed understanding of the roles that sodium channels and the Jak2/Stat3 pathway play in the GM-CSF-mediated bone cancer pain; our data also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting GM-CSF.
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Modulation of CRMP2 via ( S)-Lacosamide shows therapeutic promise but is ultimately ineffective in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease. Neuronal Signal 2019; 3:NS20190001. [PMID: 32269836 PMCID: PMC7104323 DOI: 10.1042/ns20190001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN6-Batten disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with no cure, characterized by accumulation of lipofuscin in the lysosome, glial activation, and neuronal death. Here we test the therapeutic efficacy of modulating collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) activity via S-N-benzy-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((S)-Lacosamide) in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease. Promisingly, mouse neuronal cultures as well as Cln6 patient fibroblasts treated with varying concentrations of (S)-Lacosamide showed positive restoration of lysosomal associated deficits. However, while acute in vivo treatment enhanced glial activation in 3-month-old Cln6 mutant mice, chronic treatment over several months did not improve behavioral or long-term survival outcomes. Therefore, modulation of CRMP2 activity via (S)-Lacosamide alone is unlikely to be a viable therapeutic target for CLN6-Batten disease.
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UBC9 regulates cardiac sodium channel Na v1.5 ubiquitination, degradation and sodium current density. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:79-91. [PMID: 30772377 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 is critical for generation and conduction of cardiac action potentials. Mutations and expression level changes of Nav1.5 are associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation machinery utilizes three enzyme activities, E1, E2, and E3, to regulate protein degradation. Previous studies from us and others showed that Nedd4-2 acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in ubiquitination and degradation of Nav1.5, however, more key regulators remain to be identified. In this study, we show that UBC9, a SUMO-conjugating enzyme, regulates ubiquitination and degradation of Nav1.5. Overexpression of UBC9 significantly decreased Nav1.5 expression and reduced sodium current densities, whereas knockdown of UBC9 expression significantly enhanced Nav1.5 expression and increased sodium current densities, in both HEK293 cells and primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of UBC9 increased ubiquitination of Nav1.5, and proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked the effect of UBC9 overexpression on Nav1.5 degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that UBC9 interacts with Nedd4-2. UBC9 with mutation C93S, which suppresses SUMO-conjugating activity of UBC9, was as active as wild type UBC9 in regulating Nav1.5 levels, suggesting that UBC9 regulates Nav1.5 expression levels in a SUMOylation-independent manner. Our findings thus identify a key structural element of the ubiquitin-conjugation machinery for Nav1.5 and provide important insights into the regulatory mechanism for ubiquitination and turnover of Nav1.5.
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Chew LA, Bellampalli SS, Dustrude ET, Khanna R. Mining the Na v1.7 interactome: Opportunities for chronic pain therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:9-20. [PMID: 30699328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The peripherally expressed voltage-gated sodium NaV1.7 (gene SCN9A) channel boosts small stimuli to initiate firing of pain-signaling dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and facilitates neurotransmitter release at the first synapse within the spinal cord. Mutations in SCN9A produce distinct human pain syndromes. Widely acknowledged as a "gatekeeper" of pain, NaV1.7 has been the focus of intense investigation but, to date, no NaV1.7-selective drugs have reached the clinic. Elegant crystallographic studies have demonstrated the potential of designing highly potent and selective NaV1.7 compounds but their therapeutic value remains untested. Transcriptional silencing of NaV1.7 by a naturally expressed antisense transcript has been reported in rodents and humans but whether this represents a viable opportunity for designing NaV1.7 therapeutics is currently unknown. The demonstration that loss of NaV1.7 function is associated with upregulation of endogenous opioids and potentiation of mu- and delta-opioid receptor activities, suggests that targeting only NaV1.7 may be insufficient for analgesia. However, the link between opioid-dependent analgesic mechanisms and function of sodium channels and intracellular sodium-dependent signaling remains controversial. Thus, additional new targets - regulators, modulators - are needed. In this context, we mine the literature for the known interactome of NaV1.7 with a focus on protein interactors that affect the channel's trafficking or link it to opioid signaling. As a case study, we present antinociceptive evidence of allosteric regulation of NaV1.7 by the cytosolic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Throughout discussions of these possible new targets, we offer thoughts on the therapeutic implications of modulating NaV1.7 function in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Shreya S Bellampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Erik T Dustrude
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Moutal A, Kalinin S, Kowal K, Marangoni N, Dupree J, Lin SX, Lis K, Lisi L, Hensley K, Khanna R, Feinstein DL. Neuronal Conditional Knockout of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 Ameliorates Disease Severity in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419892090. [PMID: 31795726 PMCID: PMC6893573 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester (LKE) reduced disease severity and axonal damage in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis and increased neuronal maturation and survival in vitro . A major target of LKE is collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), suggesting this protein may mediate LKE actions. We now show that conditional knockout of CRMP2 from neurons using a CamK2a promoter to drive Cre recombinase expression reduces disease severity in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 EAE model, associated with decreased spinal cord axonal damage, and less glial activation in the cerebellum, but not the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction show CRMP2 depletion from descending motor neurons in the motor cortex, but not from spinal cord neurons, suggesting that the benefits of CRMP2 depletion on EAE may stem from effects on upper motor neurons. In addition, mice in which CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation was prevented by substitution for an alanine residue also showed reduced EAE severity. These results show that modification of CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation can influence the course of EAE and suggests that treatment with CRMP2 modulators such as LKE act in part by reducing CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kinga Lis
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome,
Italy
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith,
AR, USA
| | | | - Douglas L. Feinstein
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Phosphorylated CRMP2 Regulates Spinal Nociceptive Neurotransmission. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5241-5255. [PMID: 30565051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) has emerged as a central node in assembling nociceptive signaling complexes involving voltage-gated ion channels. Concerted actions of post-translational modifications, phosphorylation and SUMOylation, of CRMP2 contribute to regulation of pathological pain states. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel role for CRMP2 in spinal nociceptive transmission. We found that, of six possible post-translational modifications, three phosphorylation sites on CRMP2 were critical for regulating calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. Of these, only CRMP2 phosphorylated at serine 522 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) contributed to spinal neurotransmission in a bidirectional manner. Accordingly, expression of a non-phosphorylatable CRMP2 (S522A) decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), whereas expression of a constitutively phosphorylated CRMP2 (S522D) increased the frequency of sEPSCs. The presynaptic nature of CRMP2's actions was further confirmed by pharmacological antagonism of Cdk5-mediated CRMP2 phosphorylation with S-N-benzy-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((S)-lacosamide; (S)-LCM) which (i) decreased sEPSC frequency, (ii) increased paired-pulse ratio, and (iii) reduced the presynaptic distribution of CaV2.2 and NaV1.7, two voltage-gated ion channels implicated in nociceptive signaling. (S)-LCM also inhibited depolarization-evoked release of the pro-nociceptive neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the spinal cord. Increased CRMP2 phosphorylation in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) was decreased by intrathecal administration of (S)-LCM resulting in a loss of presynaptic localization of CaV2.2 and NaV1.7. Together, these findings indicate that CRMP2 regulates presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission in spinal cord and may play an important role in regulating pathological pain. Novel targeting strategies to inhibit CRMP2 phosphorylation by Cdk5 may have great potential for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Neuroprotective Peptide Therapies: A Case for Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs). Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8080147. [PMID: 30087289 PMCID: PMC6119922 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with survivors suffering significant neurological sequelae including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. While hypothermia is used clinically to reduce neurological injury following HIE, it is only used for term infants (>36 weeks gestation) in tertiary hospitals and improves outcomes in only 30% of patients. For these reasons, a more effective and easily administrable pharmacological therapeutic agent, that can be used in combination with hypothermia or alone when hypothermia cannot be applied, is urgently needed to treat pre-term (≤36 weeks gestation) and term infants suffering HIE. Several recent studies have demonstrated that cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), which include many cell-penetrating peptides [CPPs; e.g., transactivator of transcription (TAT) and poly-arginine-9 (R9; 9-mer of arginine)], possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. For example, we have demonstrated that poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) and its D-enantiomer (R18D) are neuroprotective in vitro following neuronal excitotoxicity, and in vivo following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this paper, we review studies that have used CARPs and other peptides, including putative neuroprotective peptides fused to TAT, in animal models of perinatal HIE. We critically evaluate the evidence that supports our hypothesis that CARP neuroprotection is mediated by peptide arginine content and positive charge and that CARPs represent a novel potential therapeutic for HIE.
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François-Moutal L, Scott DD, Perez-Miller S, Gokhale V, Khanna M, Khanna R. Chemical shift perturbation mapping of the Ubc9-CRMP2 interface identifies a pocket in CRMP2 amenable for allosteric modulation of Nav1.7 channels. Channels (Austin) 2018; 12:219-227. [PMID: 30081699 PMCID: PMC6104687 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1491244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery campaigns directly targeting the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7, a highly prized target in chronic pain, have not yet been clinically successful. In a differentiated approach, we demonstrated allosteric control of trafficking and activity of NaV1.7 by prevention of SUMOylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Spinal administration of a SUMOylation incompetent CRMP2 (CRMP2 K374A) significantly attenuated pain behavior in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain, underscoring the importance of SUMOylation of CRMP2 as a pathologic event in chronic pain. Using a rational design strategy, we identified a heptamer peptide harboring CRMP2's SUMO motif that disrupted the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction, inhibited CRMP2 SUMOylation, inhibited NaV1.7 membrane trafficking, and specifically inhibited NaV1.7 sodium influx in sensory neurons. Importantly, this peptide reversed nerve injury-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the SNI model, supporting the practicality of discovering pain drugs by indirectly targeting NaV1.7 via prevention of CRMP2 SUMOylation. Here, our goal was to map the unique interface between CRMP2 and Ubc9, the E2 SUMO conjugating enzyme. Using computational and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate the enzyme/substrate nature of Ubc9/CRMP2 binding and identify hot spots on CRMP2 that may form the basis of future drug discovery campaigns disrupting the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction to recapitulate allosteric regulation of NaV1.7 for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Donald Scott
- Departments of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona USA
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Departments of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona USA
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - May Khanna
- Departments of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona USA
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Departments of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona USA
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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