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Huang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Wang H, Yu X, Wang Z, Lv X. Co-occurrence of depressive and anxious symptoms and their influence on self-rated health: a national representative survey among Chinese older adults. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38745442 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2348613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of the co-occurrence of depressive and anxious symptoms (CO) and their influence on perceived overall health were not clear in community dwelling Chinese older adults. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of CO and to explore its influence on self-rated health (SRH). METHOD This study included 12301 individuals aged ≥65 years from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a nationally representative survey of older adults in mainland China. Participants received face-to-face interviews and assessments of depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms via 10-item of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), respectively. SRH was measured by self-reported. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between CO and SRH after adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS The average age was 83.4 (SD: 11.0) years and there were 6576 (53.5%) females. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of depressive symptoms only (DSO) was 38.6%, anxious symptoms only (ASO) was 1.5%, and CO was 10.8%. Compared with those without depressive and anxious symptoms, the older adults with DSO or ASO were more likely to have significant influence on SRH. And particularly, CO was likely to produce the greatest decrement in the level of SRH. CONCLUSION CO was not rare in Chinese older adults nationwide. The older adults having CO had increased risk for lower level of SRH than having DSO or ASO. More attention should be given to CO among the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Yoon SI, Park HY, Lee HW, Park C, Chung SY, Kim JW. Effectiveness of mindfulness and Qigong training for self-healing in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1336656. [PMID: 38699452 PMCID: PMC11064841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1336656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hwabyung is a Korean culture-bound syndrome characterized by anger-related physical and psychological symptoms. Depressive disorder is a common mental illness occurring worldwide, and has been reported to have a high comorbidity rate with Hwabyung. For patients with depressive disorders, differential diagnosis and combined treatment for Hwabyung should be considered. Mindfulness and Qigong may be effective alternatives for regulating emotions such as depression, anxiety, and anger. This study aims to investigate whether Mindfulness and Qigong Training for Self-Healing (MQT-SH) would improve emotional problems in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder. Methods This study will be a two-arm block randomized controlled trial. A total of 64 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. While the experimental group will perform MQT-SH for the first six weeks, the control group will receive no treatment. During the next six weeks, the control group will perform MQT-SH for ethical equity. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks). The primary outcomes would be Hwabyung and depression, while the secondary outcomes would include anxiety, anger, and vitality. Discussion This study will provide a basis for assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness and Qigong training in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung-Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital in Gangdong (KHNMCOH 2023-09-003). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration This trial was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea, No. KCT0008937 and was registered on November 10, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-In Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Yeong Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yong Chung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Choi NG, Choi BY, Marti CN. Mediation of the Association Between Physical Exercise and Depressive/Anxiety Symptoms by Pain and Sleep Problems Among Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2024; 10:23337214241241397. [PMID: 38525486 PMCID: PMC10960979 DOI: 10.1177/23337214241241397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, based on the 2022 National Health and Aging Trend Study (N = 5,593, age 65+), we examined direct associations between moderate and vigorous physical exercise (PE) and depressive/anxiety symptoms as well as bothersome pain and sleep problems. We then examined if the association between PE and depressive/anxiety symptoms would be partially mediated by the effects of PE on bothersome pain and sleep problems. Results from a path model showed that controlling for sociodemographic and health statuses, PE was negatively associated with depressive/anxiety symptoms and bothersome pain, but it was not significantly associated with sleep problems. The mediation analysis showed that 10% of the total effects of PE on depressive/anxiety symptoms was indirect effects of PE on bothersome pain. This study is important as it examined the associations among PE, pain, sleep, and depression/anxiety in community-dwelling older adults in their natural environments. Healthcare and social service providers for older adults need to emphasize the importance and benefits of PE for older adults' physical and mental health. Easy access to venues for PE is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Y. Choi
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and BayHealth, Dover, DE, USA
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Scodari BT, Chacko S, Matsumura R, Jacobson NC. Using machine learning to forecast symptom changes among subclinical depression patients receiving stepped care or usual care. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:213-220. [PMID: 37541599 PMCID: PMC10548339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical depression (SD) is a mental health disorder characterized by minor depressive symptoms. Most SD patients are treated in the primary practice, but many respond poorly to treatment at the expense of provider resources. Stepped care approaches are appealing for tiering SD care to efficiently allocate scarce resources while jointly optimizing patient outcomes. However, stepped care can be time inefficient, as some persons may respond poorly and be forced to suffer with their symptoms for prolonged periods. Machine learning can offer insight into optimal treatment paths and inform clinical recommendations for incident patients. METHODS As part of the Step-Dep trial, participants with SD were randomized to receive stepped care (N=96) or usual care (N=140). Machine learning was used to predict changes in depressive symptoms every three months over a year for each treatment group. RESULTS Tree-based models were effective in predicting PHQ-9 changes among patients who received stepped care (r=0.35-0.46, MAE=0.14-0.17) and usual care (r=0.34-0.49, MAE=0.15-0.18). Patients who received stepped care were more likely to reduce PHQ-9 scores if they had high PHQ-9 but low HADS-A scores at baseline, a low number of chronic illnesses, and an internal locus of control. LIMITATIONS Models may suffer from potential overfitting due to sample size limitations. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the promise of machine learning for predicting changes in depressive symptoms for SD patients receiving different treatments. Trained models can intake incident patient information and predict outcomes to inform personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Scodari
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Sarah Chacko
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rina Matsumura
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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5
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Pedroso-Chaparro MDS, Cabrera I, Márquez-González M, Ribeiro Ó, Losada-Baltar A. Comorbid Depressive and Anxiety Symptomatology in Older Adults: The Role of Aging Self-Stereotypes, Loneliness, and Feelings of Guilt Associated with Self-Perception as a Burden. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 26:e26. [PMID: 37772769 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2023.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences between older adults' symptom profiles (subclinical, anxiety, depressive, and comorbid) in negative aging self-stereotypes, loneliness, and feelings of guilt associated with self-perception as a burden. Participants were 310 community-dwelling people aged 60 years and over. The sample was grouped into four symptom profiles of older adults: anxiety, depressive, comorbid anxiety-depression, and subclinical symptoms. We carried out multinomial logistic regression analyses to analyze the role of assessed variables in the explanation of the four symptom profiles. Older adults who reported a comorbid symptomatology presented higher negative aging self-stereotypes and feelings of loneliness than the other three profiles. Compared with the subclinical profile, older adults who reported clinical symptomatology (anxiety, depressive, and comorbid profile) presented higher feelings of guilt associated with self-perception as a burden. The findings of this study suggest potential associations that may contribute to understanding and treating comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults.
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Depression/anxiety symptoms and self-reported difficulty managing medication regimen among community-dwelling older adults. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 78:50-57. [PMID: 35853418 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between depression/anxiety severity and changes in severity and self-reported difficulty managing medications among a representative sample of community-residing US Medicare beneficiaries without a reported dementia diagnosis. METHOD We used the 2018 and 2019 National Health and Aging Trend Study (analysis sample N = 3198, 98% age 70+). Depression/anxiety was measured with the PHQ-4, and difficulty managing medication was self-reported. Following descriptive statistics, we fit a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the associations between depression/anxiety symptoms in 2018 and changes in severity between 2018 and 2019 and self-reported level of difficulty managing medication in 2019. RESULTS Of past-month prescription medication users in 2019, 85.2%, 10.7%, and 4.1% reported no difficulty, a little/some difficulty, and a lot of difficulty or partial/full reliance on other's help for health/functioning reasons, respectively. Both mild and moderate/severe levels of depression/anxiety in 2018 were associated with significantly higher risks of a little/some difficulty and a lot of difficulty/other's help in 2019. Compared to no change in depression/anxiety symptoms between 2018 and 2019, decreased symptoms were associated with lower risk (RRR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.28-0.78) and increased symptoms were associated with higher risk (RRR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.12-2.67) of a little/some difficulty managing one's medication. CONCLUSIONS Decrease and increase in depression/anxiety are associated with decreased and increased risk, respectively, of medication self-management difficulty among community-residing older adults. Healthcare providers should more carefully assess for medication management problems in their older adults with depression and anxiety symptoms and provide individually tailored interventions for those with great difficulty self-managing medication.
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Chen J, Tuersun Y, Yang J, Xiong M, Wang Y, Rao X, Jiang S. Association of depression symptoms and sleep quality with state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province, China: a mediation analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:627. [PMID: 35982434 PMCID: PMC9388213 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms among medical students is particularly high, and it has increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sleep quality and state-trait anxiety are risk factors for depression, but no study has yet investigated the mediating role of state-trait anxiety in the relationship between poor sleep quality and depression symptoms in medical students. This study aims to investigate the relationship among depression symptoms, sleep quality and state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 1227 students' online questionnaires collected from four medical universities in Anhui Province using a convenience sampling method. We measured respondents' sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms using three scales: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). We analysed the mediating role of STAI scores on the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores through the Sobel-Goodman Mediation Test while controlling for covariates. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 74.33% (912) and 41.40% (518) of the respondents reported suffering from poor sleep quality and depression symptoms. Sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms were positively associated with each other (β = 0.381 ~ 0.775, P < 0.001). State-trait anxiety partially mediated the association between sleep quality and depression symptoms (Sobel test Z = 15.090, P < 0.001), and this mediating variable accounted for 83.79% of the association when adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analysis further revealed that STAI scores partially mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in females and rural students and fully mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in males and urban students. CONCLUSIONS This study found that sleep quality and state-trait anxiety have a significant predictive effect on depression symptoms. State-trait anxiety mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms, with a more complex mechanism observed among rural and female medical students. Multiple pathways of intervention should be adopted, such as encouraging students to self-adjust, providing professional psychological intervention and timely monitoring, enriching extracurricular activities, and making changes in policies regarding long shifts and working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jiao Yang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Xiong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Rao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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8
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Jones AL, Rafferty J, Cochran SD, Abelson J, Mays VM. Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older. J Aging Health 2022; 34:378-389. [PMID: 35435023 PMCID: PMC9133161 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221086065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine anxiety disorders in aging Black adults. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Survey of American Life, we estimated lifetime/12-month prevalence of anxiety disorders in Black men and women, age 50+ (N = 1561). Disorder-specific persistence and severity, functional impairment, and mental health service utilization were investigated using multivariate regressions. Results: Black men and women who met criteria for anxiety disorders (lifetime prevalence=12.4%/18.3% in men/women) also demonstrated persistent disorders (percent meeting criteria = 40.3%-61.2%). Those with a 12-month anxiety disorder (6.2%/10.5% of men/women) typically reported severe task interference (38.3%-85.7%). Those with any 12-month anxiety disorder, compared to those without, experienced greater impairment in days out of role, work, family burden, cognition and, in women, mobility (p's < .05). Only 47.0%/65.2% of Black men/women with any lifetime anxiety disorder used mental health services. Discussion: Despite low prevalence, older Blacks with anxiety disorders experience substantial mental health burden in middle age and later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Jones
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (IDEAS), 422567Veteran Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jane Rafferty
- Program for Research on Black Americans, 51331Institute of Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, 143265University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Susan D Cochran
- Departments of Epidemiology and Statistics, Fielding School of Public Health, 25808University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- UCLA Center for Bridging Research Innovation, Training and Education for Minority Health Disparities Solutions (BRITE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Abelson
- Program for Research on Black Americans, 51331Institute of Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, 143265University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Vickie M Mays
- UCLA Center for Bridging Research Innovation, Training and Education for Minority Health Disparities Solutions (BRITE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Morel C, Montgomery SE, Li L, Durand-de Cuttoli R, Teichman EM, Juarez B, Tzavaras N, Ku SM, Flanigan ME, Cai M, Walsh JJ, Russo SJ, Nestler EJ, Calipari ES, Friedman AK, Han MH. Midbrain projection to the basolateral amygdala encodes anxiety-like but not depression-like behaviors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1532. [PMID: 35318315 PMCID: PMC8940900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are complex diseases, and often co-occur with depression. It is as yet unclear if a common neural circuit controls anxiety-related behaviors in both anxiety-alone and comorbid conditions. Here, utilizing the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm that induces singular or combined anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes in mice, we show that a ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine circuit projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) selectively controls anxiety- but not depression-like behaviors. Using circuit-dissecting ex vivo electrophysiology and in vivo fiber photometry approaches, we establish that expression of anxiety-like, but not depressive-like, phenotypes are negatively correlated with VTA → BLA dopamine neuron activity. Further, our optogenetic studies demonstrate a causal link between such neuronal activity and anxiety-like behaviors. Overall, these data establish a functional role for VTA → BLA dopamine neurons in bi-directionally controlling anxiety-related behaviors not only in anxiety-alone, but also in anxiety-depressive comorbid conditions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Morel
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah E. Montgomery
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Long Li
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Barbara Juarez
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.412623.00000 0000 8535 6057Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.412623.00000 0000 8535 6057Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nikos Tzavaras
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Microscopy Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Stacy M. Ku
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Meghan E. Flanigan
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Min Cai
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Jessica J. Walsh
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Allyson K. Friedman
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.257167.00000 0001 2183 6649Department of Biological Science, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
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Rep C, Peyre H, Sánchez-Rico M, Blanco C, Dosquet M, Schuster JP, Limosin F, Hoertel N. Contributing factors to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of major depressive episode: Results from a national study. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:585-595. [PMID: 34952114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains unclear whether specific clinical factors contribute to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of major depression. METHODS Using a nationally representative US adult sample, the second wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, we compared the characteristics of 5 different groups of patients defined by their age at onset: (i) before 18 years, (ii) between 18 and 34 years, (iii) between 35 and 44 years, (iv) between 45 and 59 years, and (v) 60 years or older. Specifically, we examined parental history of psychiatric disorders, history of childhood maltreatment experiences, sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorders, and psychiatric disorders that occurred before the first major depressive episode (MDE). RESULTS Compared with first MDE occurring between 18 and 34 years, first MDE before 18 years was more strongly associated with childhood maltreatment and family history of psychiatric disorders, and less strongly linked to prior lifetime psychiatric disorders, whereas first MDE occurring at 60 years and older was more strongly associated with widowhood and a prior lifetime history of generalized anxiety disorder. LIMITATIONS Associations found cannot be interpzreted as causal relationships due to study design and the risk of recall bias. CONCLUSION Our results suggest substantial age differences in risk factors for first MDE. Improving early detection and treatment of major depression and other psychiatric disorders, and preventing childhood maltreatment may have broad benefits to reduce the burden of MDE at all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rep
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris.
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Paris, France; Cognitive Sciences and Psycholinguistic Laboratory, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris; Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie Dosquet
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris
| | - Jean-Pierre Schuster
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris; Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris; Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Liu X, Zhao W, Hu F, Hao Q, Hou L, Sun X, Zhang G, Yue J, Dong B. Comorbid anxiety and depression, depression, and anxiety in comparison in multi-ethnic community of west China: prevalence, metabolic profile, and related factors. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:381-387. [PMID: 34732339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence, lifestyle factors, chronic disease status, and assessing the metabolic profile, comparing key differences in a cohort of subjects aged at least 50 years old among depression combined anxiety, depression and anxiety in a multi-ethnic population in west China. METHODS A large multi-ethnic sample of 6838 participants aged 50 years old (mean age 62.4 ± 8.3 years) from West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study was analyzed. We categorized all participants into four groups: (a) comorbid anxiety and depression symptomology (CAD), (b) anxiety only, (c) depression only, or (d) neither depression nor anxiety. Different variables like anthropometry measures, life styles, chronic disease and blood test were collected. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). GDS-15 scores ≥5 indicate depression. Anxiety status was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) instrument and the scores ≥5 was considered as having anxiety. Different variables like anthropometry measures, life styles, cognitive function and chronic disease comorbidities were collected and serum parameters were tested. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity was done to compare between those with the mental outcomes and without. RESULTS The proportions of CAD, anxiety and depression were 9.0%, 12.8% and 10.6% respectively with ethnic diversity. The 'comorbid' group shown greater frequency of being female, having a lower educational level, higher prevalence of being single/divorced/widowed, drinking alcohol and smoking, more chronic disease profile and cognitive decline compared with individuals with only one disorder. And the metabolic profile showed differences in albumin, total protein, creatinine, uric acid, thyroid hormones in comparing CAD symptomology and the 'neither symptomology'. CONCLUSIONS Yi, Qiang and Uyghur ethnic groups have a higher prevalence of mental disease compared with Han in west China. And these mental disease had a distinct risk factor profile in age, sex, educational level, chronic disease and cognitive function. Vitamin D levels were lower among those with mental disease compared to those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fengjuan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lisha Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gongchang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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12
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An Overview of Anxiety, Trauma-Related and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-021-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Hendriks GJ, van Zelst WH, van Balkom AJ, Uphoff E, Robertson L, Keijsers GPJ, Oude Voshaar RC. Cognitive behavioural therapy and third wave approaches for anxiety and related disorders in older people. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007674.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Hendriks
- “Overwaal” Centre of Expertise for Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD; Institute for Integrated Mental Health Care “Pro Persona; Nijmegen Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Willeke H van Zelst
- Department of Psychiatry; University Medical Centre Groningen; Groningen Netherlands
| | - Anton J van Balkom
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute; VU-University Medical Centre and GGZ inGeest; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Uphoff
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders; University of York; York UK
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; University of York; York UK
| | - Lindsay Robertson
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders; University of York; York UK
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; University of York; York UK
| | - Ger PJ Keijsers
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychological Sciences; Maastricht University; Maastricht Netherlands
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14
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Lai HC, Hsu NW, Chou P, Chen HC. The associations between various sleep-wake disturbances and depression in community-dwelling older adults- the Yilan study, Taiwan. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:717-724. [PMID: 30835495 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1582006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Given the close relationship between sleep-wake disturbances and depression, an in-depth investigation of such a relationship is imperative. The present study aims at elucidating the relationship between various sleep-wake disturbances and depression in older adults and at examining the influence of co-occurring anxiety on such associations.Method: A community-based survey using the cohort from the Yilan Study in Taiwan was conducted from August 2013 to November 2016. Adults aged 65 and older were randomly selected to participate in the study. The Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale was used to measure clinical depressive and anxiety symptoms. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness were defined through the Athens Insomnia Scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, respectively. Furthermore, the use of hypnotics, subjective sleep duration and sleep-wake scheduling were evaluated. Their relationship with depression was examined through logistic regression analyses.Results: There were 2620 participants surveyed and 247 (9.4%) had depression. Before controlling for anxiety, insomnia (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.23-2.55), daytime sleepiness (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.27-2.53), and long sleepers (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.24-2.53) have a higher likelihood for depression in the multivariable regression analysis. However, when including anxiety into the multivariable regression model, only those with daytime sleepiness and long sleepers had an elevated risk for depression. Therefore, the association between insomnia and depression turned to be statistically non-significant.Conclusion: In older adults, various sleep-wake disturbances differ in their relationship with depression. In addition, daytime sleepiness and long sleep duration were mostly characteristic of depression when co-occurring anxiety was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Lai
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wei Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine & Community Medicine Center, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
The world's older population continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. This trend amplifies the necessity of improving the care of older patients with chronic health problems. Of those with chronic health problems, those with cardiovascular diseases and depression are particularly challenging due to the multifaceted nature of these conditions. This review discusses the significance of this aging trend and ways to better care for this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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16
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Lutz J, Mashal N, Kramer A, Suresh M, Gould C, Jordan JT, Wetherell JL, Beaudreau SA. A Case Report of Problem Solving Therapy for Reducing Suicide Risk in Older Adults with Anxiety Disorders. Clin Gerontol 2020; 43:110-117. [PMID: 31131742 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1617378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Suicide is a global public health problem among older adults. Problem-solving therapy (PST) has demonstrated promise in reducing late-life suicide risk, chiefly in secondary analyses of studies on late-life depression. PST mitigates negative beliefs about one's problem-solving abilities and maladaptive problem-solving styles, which suicidal older adults report. The effects of PST on suicide risk in older adults with primary anxiety disorder diagnoses have not been examined. Anxiety is a risk factor for suicide, but it is less studied in research on suicide compared to depression. This paper describes two cases of older individuals with anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation who completed six sessions of PST. Methods: Assessments of suicide risk, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and problem-solving ability were administered. Results: Both cases exhibited a clinically significant reduction in suicide risk, along with reductions in anxiety, worry, and depressive symptoms by posttreatment. Conclusions & Clinical Implications: Findings highlight the potential for PST as a psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing suicide risk in older adults with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lutz
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nehjla Mashal
- General Psychiatry Outpatient Services, VA San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abigail Kramer
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Madhuvanthi Suresh
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christine Gould
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joshua T Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sherry A Beaudreau
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Maggioni E, Delvecchio G, Grottaroli M, Garzitto M, Piccin S, Bonivento C, Maieron M, D'Agostini S, Perna G, Balestrieri M, Brambilla P. Common and different neural markers in major depression and anxiety disorders: A pilot structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 290:42-50. [PMID: 31279954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although anxiety and depression often co-occur and share some clinical features, it is still unclear if they are neurobiologically distinct or similar processes. In this study, we explored common and specific cortical morphology alterations in depression and anxiety disorders. Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were acquired from 13 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 11 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), 11 Panic Disorder (PD) patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). Regional cortical thickness, surface area (SA), volume and gyrification were measured and compared among groups. We found left orbitofrontal thinning in all patient groups, as well as disease-specific alterations. MDD showed volume deficits in left precentral gyrus compared to all groups, volume and area deficits in right fusiform gyrus compared to GAD and HC. GAD showed lower SA than MDD and PD in right superior parietal cortex, higher gyrification than HC in right frontal gyrus. PD showed higher gyrification in left superior parietal cortex when compared to MDD and higher SA in left postcentral gyrus compared to all groups. Our results suggest that clinical phenotypic similarities between major depression and anxiety disorders might rely on common prefrontal alterations. Frontotemporal and parietal abnormalities may represent unique biological signatures of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Grottaroli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Garzitto
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, via della Bontà 7, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, via Colugna 50, Udine, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, via della Bontà 7, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Department of Physics, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria 'S.Maria della Misericordia', P.za S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena D'Agostini
- Department of Neuroradiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria 'S.Maria della Misericordia', P.za S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni, Hermanas Hospitalarias, via Roma 16, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, via Colugna 50, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Ulbricht CM, Hunnicutt JN, Hume AL, Lapane KL. Depression, Anxiety, and Pain among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents. THE JOURNAL OF NURSING HOME RESEARCH SCIENCES 2019; 5:40-48. [PMID: 33748657 DOI: 10.14283/jnhrs.2019.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression, anxiety, and pain are commonly experienced by older adults living in nursing homes. Objectives To describe the prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, and pain among newly admitted nursing home residents in the United States and to describe the treatment of these disorders. Design Cross-sectional study of newly admitted residents. Setting Residents able to complete a pain assessment (n=783,826) living in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing homes in the United States in 2011-2012. Measures Measures of sociodemographic, mood and behavior, pain, diagnoses, and functioning items from the Minimum Data Set (MDS) version 3.0. Results Approximately 36% of residents had a diagnosis of depression (other than bipolar disorder) and/or an anxiety disorder (n = 272,311). Of these residents, 25.2% had both depression and an anxiety disorder (95% CI = 25.0-25.4%), 54.3% (95% CI = 54.1-54.5%) had depression without an anxiety disorder, and 20.5% had an anxiety disorder without depression (95% CI = 20.3-20.6%). Fifteen percent had the triad of depression, anxiety, and pain at admission (95% CI = 9.3-23.3%). Depressive symptoms were more commonly reported by residents with pain than by those without pain. Receipt of psychological therapy (range: 0.9%-2.0%) or any psychiatric medication was lacking (range: 35.3%-48.5%), regardless of pain status. Participants reporting pain received a combination of scheduled, pro re nata (PRN)/as-needed, and non-medication pain interventions (range: 59.8% depression without anxiety to 62.9% depression and anxiety disorder). Conclusion Residents often suffer from combinations of depression, anxiety and pain at admission to nursing home. While treatment of pain is more common than treatment of psychiatric treatments, both psychiatric treatment and pain management may be suboptimal in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Ulbricht
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jacob N Hunnicutt
- Clinical and Population Health Research Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Anne L Hume
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA
| | - Kate L Lapane
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA.,Clinical and Population Health Research Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Pary
- a Veterans Administration Medical Center , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Simrat Kaur Sarai
- b University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Riley Sumner
- c University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Steven Lippmann
- b University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
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20
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Chang PS, Knobf T, Oh B, Funk M. Physical and Psychological Health Outcomes of Qigong Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:301-322. [PMID: 30827152 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical limitations, depression and anxiety are prevalent among older adults. Mild to moderate exercise can promote physical and psychological health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Qigong, a type of Chinese traditional medicine exercise, has demonstrated beneficial effects on physical ability and mental health in adults with chronic conditions. The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the effects of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health outcomes in older adults. A total of 1282 older adults aged 62 to 83 years with depressive symptoms, frailty or chronic medical illnesses were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that Qigong exercise resulted in significantly improved physical ability compared with active control or usual care (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.00 and 1.20, respectively). The pooled effects of studies with thrice weekly Qigong sessions had the greatest effect ( SMD=1.65 ) on physical ability in older adults. Lower quality studies demonstrated larger effect sizes than those of higher quality. Although Qigong exercise showed favorable effects on depression, balance and functioning, the overall effects did not reach statistical significance. No significant adverse events were reported. The findings suggest that the Qigong exercise may be an option for older adults to improve physical ability, functional ability, balance and to lessen depression and anxiety. However, the number of RCTs that enroll older adults is limited. More methodologically sound RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health in older adults with chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shiun Chang
- * School of Nursing, Indiana University at Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Tish Knobf
- † School of Nursing, Yale University, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Byeongsang Oh
- ‡ Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marjorie Funk
- † School of Nursing, Yale University, Connecticut 06511, USA
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21
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Chen H, Wang X, Huang Y, Li G, Liu Z, Li Y, Geng H. Prevalence, risk factors and multi-group latent class analysis of lifetime anxiety disorders comorbid depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:360-365. [PMID: 30266027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies about comorbidity have primarily focused on disorders based on diagnostic criteria instead of symptoms. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety comorbid depression based on a population-based sample in Chifeng City Inner Mongolia and explored the gender differences of depressive subtypes in anxiety patients. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 6376 community residents. Logistics analysis and multiple-group latent class analysis was used in exploring the risk factors and subtypes of anxiety comorbid depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 4528 respondents were interviewed in this study. The lifetime prevalence estimates for anxiety in the total sample was 5.70%. Among residents who had ever had anxiety, most of them reported having depressive symptoms while 15.79% of them met the criteria of MDD. Logistics analysis showed childhood adversities were associated with anxiety comorbid depressive symptoms. The results of multiple-group latent class analysis showed that the latent class probabilities were different between males and females. CONCLUSION The prevalence rates of comorbidity were similar to the reports of previous regional surveys in China with statistically significant differences of comorbidity occurring between males and females. Precision prevention should therefore be targeted towards different kinds of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Guohua Li
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, China.
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, China
| | - Hongchun Geng
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, China
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Biella MM, Borges MK, Strauss J, Mauer S, Martinelli JE, Aprahamian I. Subthreshold Depression Needs A Prime Time In Old Age Psychiatry? A Narrative Review Of Current Evidence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2763-2772. [PMID: 31576131 PMCID: PMC6765057 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s223640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to carry out a narrative review, aiming to update the literature on subsyndromic depression (SD), which is the most prevalent depressive disorder in older adults, and no formal guidelines or consensus are dedicated to this topic. We carried out an electronic search for articles on SD. Relevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science using the search terms "subthreshold depression," "prevalence," "treatment" and "older adults" in several combinations. Original articles in English were included from inception to 1st March 2019. No clear consensus exists in the literature on its nosologic classification, diagnostic tools, causes, course, outcomes or management. SD diagnosis should base in depressive symptoms scales and DSM criteria. Treatment relies mainly on collaborative care and psychotherapy. SD is relevant in clinical practice and research in geriatric psychiatry. Given the negative outcomes and potential benefits of treatment, we recommend brief psychotherapy as first-line treatment and use of psychotropic agents in cases with greater severity and/or functional impairment in association with psychotherapy. SD can precede major depressive disorder, but it also may consist of a primary depressive disorder in older adults. Furthermore, adequate treatment of SD can prevent or reduce negative outcomes associated with depressive symptoms such as worsening of clinical comorbidities, loss of functionality, increased demand for health services, and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maria Biella
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Kiiti Borges
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jason Strauss
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sivan Mauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University Scholl of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Eduardo Martinelli
- Geriatrics & Psychiatry Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Geriatrics & Psychiatry Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, Brazil
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Welzel FD, Stein J, Röhr S, Fuchs A, Pentzek M, Mösch E, Bickel H, Weyerer S, Werle J, Wiese B, Oey A, Hajek A, König HH, Heser K, Keineidam L, van den Bussche H, van der Leeden C, Maier W, Scherer M, Wagner M, Riedel-Heller SG. Prevalence of Anxiety Symptoms and Their Association With Loss Experience in a Large Cohort Sample of the Oldest-Old. Results of the AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:285. [PMID: 31139097 PMCID: PMC6518947 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety in adults is a common mental health problem. However, studies on anxiety in the oldest-old are lacking. We sought to identify the age- and gender-specific prevalence of anxiety symptoms in a large sample of general practice patients. Furthermore, we investigated relevant associations of anxiety specifically with respect to recent experience of loss. Methods: Based on the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in general practice patients, a sample of 897 patients aged 82 years and older was assessed. Anxiety was assessed using the short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-SF). For the assessment of loss, patients were asked whether there were cases of death in their closer social environment since the last assessment. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were run. Results: Of the oldest-old individuals (aged 82+ years, mean age: 86.8), 14.5% (95% CI 12.4-16.8) suffered from anxiety symptoms. Highest prevalence rates were found for 82- to 85-year-old women (17.2%, 95% CI 12.6-22.1) and for 86- to 90-year-old patients (both sexes) in general (15.9%, 95% CI 12.6-19.2). Older individuals who experienced cases of death in their close social environment within the last 18 months had almost twice the odds [odds ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-3.17] of reporting anxiety compared to those without a recent loss. As expected, depression and impaired cognitive status were associated with the presence of anxiety symptoms. No relation was found between social network, gender, age, frailty, or physical illness and anxiety in regression analysis. Conclusions: This study provides for the first time age- and gender-specific prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms and associated risk factors among a large population-based sample of oldest-old primary care attenders. Anxiety is highly prevalent in individuals aged 82 years and older. Depression, impaired cognitive status, and recent experience of loss are associated with late-life anxiety. Our findings support the idea that recent experience of loss should be taken seriously in the context of clinical practice with respect to diagnosing and treating anxiety in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska D Welzel
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Stein
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Röhr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Fuchs
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Edelgard Mösch
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Werle
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke Oey
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Keineidam
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin van der Leeden
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Petkus AJ, Wetherell JL, Stein MB, Chavira DA, Craske MG, Sherbourne C, Sullivan G, Bystritsky A, Roy-Byrne P. Age Differences in Death and Suicidal Ideation in Anxious Primary Care Patients. Clin Gerontol 2018; 41:271-281. [PMID: 28960158 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine age differences in the likelihood of endorsing of death and suicidal ideation in primary care patients with anxiety disorders. METHOD Participants were drawn from the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) Study, an effectiveness trial for primary care patients with panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and/or social anxiety disorder (SAD). RESULTS Approximately one third of older adults with anxiety disorders reported feeling like they were better off dead. Older adults with PD and SAD were more likely to endorse suicidal ideation lasting at least more than half the prior week compared with younger adults with these disorders. Older adults with SAD endorsed higher rates of suicidal ideation compared with older adults with other anxiety disorders. Multivariate analyses revealed the importance of physical health, social support, and comorbid MDD in this association. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation is common in anxious, older, primary care patients and is particularly prevalent in socially anxious older adults. Findings speak to the importance of physical health, social functioning, and MDD in this association. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS When working with anxious older adults it is important to conduct a thorough suicide risk assessment and teach skills to cope with death and suicidal ideation-related thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Petkus
- a University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- b VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , California , USA.,c University of California, San Diego , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- c University of California, San Diego , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Denise A Chavira
- d University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- d University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | | | - Greer Sullivan
- f University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
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Abstract
The world's older population continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. This trend amplifies the necessity of improving the care of older patients with chronic health problems. Of those with chronic health problems, those with cardiovascular diseases and depression are particularly challenging due to the multifaceted nature of these conditions. This review discusses the significance of this aging trend and ways to better care for this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Beaunoyer E, Landreville P, Carmichael PH. Older Adults’ Knowledge of Anxiety Disorders. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 74:806-814. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Landreville
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Depression and Asthma Outcomes in Older Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aggarwal R, Kunik M, Asghar-Ali A. Anxiety in Later Life. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2017; 15:157-161. [PMID: 31975848 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20160045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of anxiety disorders occurring in later life is diverse and includes the same disorders that occur with younger adults-such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder-but also unique presentations, including a fear of falling and the anxiety often seen in various neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment are arguably more challenging in older populations. In addition, many older adults have subthreshold symptoms that can benefit from proper management. This article summarizes the literature on anxiety disorder presentations in later life and offers key recommendations to assist clinicians working with this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- The authors are with the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. Dr. Aggarwal is also with the Mental Health Careline, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Houston. Dr. Asghar-Ali is also with the South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, and Dr. Kunik is also chief of the Behavioral Health and Implementation Program, VA Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC
| | - Mark Kunik
- The authors are with the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. Dr. Aggarwal is also with the Mental Health Careline, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Houston. Dr. Asghar-Ali is also with the South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, and Dr. Kunik is also chief of the Behavioral Health and Implementation Program, VA Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC
| | - Ali Asghar-Ali
- The authors are with the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. Dr. Aggarwal is also with the Mental Health Careline, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Houston. Dr. Asghar-Ali is also with the South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, and Dr. Kunik is also chief of the Behavioral Health and Implementation Program, VA Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC
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Evaluating Perceived Probability of Threat-Relevant Outcomes and Temporal Orientation in Flying Phobia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161272. [PMID: 27557054 PMCID: PMC4996458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probability bias regarding threat-relevant outcomes has been demonstrated across anxiety disorders but has not been investigated in flying phobia. Individual temporal orientation (time perspective) may be hypothesised to influence estimates of negative outcomes occurring. The present study investigated whether probability bias could be demonstrated in flying phobia and whether probability estimates of negative flying events was predicted by time perspective. Sixty flying phobic and fifty-five non-flying-phobic adults were recruited to complete an online questionnaire. Participants completed the Flight Anxiety Scale, Probability Scale (measuring perceived probability of flying-negative events, general-negative and general positive events) and the Past-Negative, Future and Present-Hedonistic subscales of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (variables argued to predict mental travel forward and backward in time). The flying phobic group estimated the probability of flying negative and general negative events occurring as significantly higher than non-flying phobics. Past-Negative scores (positively) and Present-Hedonistic scores (negatively) predicted probability estimates of flying negative events. The Future Orientation subscale did not significantly predict probability estimates. This study is the first to demonstrate probability bias for threat-relevant outcomes in flying phobia. Results suggest that time perspective may influence perceived probability of threat-relevant outcomes but the nature of this relationship remains to be determined.
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Comparison of the estimated prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders in Canada between self-report and administrative data. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2016; 25:360-9. [PMID: 26081585 PMCID: PMC7137597 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796015000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare trends in the estimated prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders identified from two data sources (self-report and administrative). Reviewing, synthesising and interpreting data from these two sources will help identify potential factors that underlie the observed estimates and inform public health action. METHOD We used self-reported, diagnosed mood and/or anxiety disorder cases from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) across a 5-year span (from 2003 to 2009) to estimate the prevalence among the Canadian population aged ≥15 years. We also estimated the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders using the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), which identified cases using ICD-9/-10-CA codes from physician billing claims and hospital discharge records during the same time period. The prevalence rates for mood and/or anxiety disorders were compared across the CCHS and CCDSS by age and sex for all available years of data from 2003 to 2009. Summary rates were age-standardised to the Canadian population as of 1 October 1991. RESULTS In 2009, the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders was 9.4% using self-reported data v. 11.3% using administrative data. Prevalence rates obtained from administrative data were consistently higher than those from self-report for both men and women. However, due to an increase in the prevalence of self-reported cases, these differences decreased over time (rate ratios for both sexes: 1.6-1.2). Prevalence estimates were consistently higher among females compared with males irrespective of data source. While differences in the prevalence estimates between the two data sources were evident across all age groups, the reduction of these differences was greater among adolescent, young and middle-aged adults compared with those 70 years and older. CONCLUSIONS The overall narrowing of differences over time reflects a convergence of information regarding the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders trends between self-report and administrative data sources. While the administrative data-based prevalences remained relatively stable, the self-reported prevalences increased over time. These observations may reflect positive societal changes in the perceptions of mental health (declining stigma) and/or increasing mental health literacy. Additional research using non-ecological data is required to further our understanding of the observed findings and trends, including a data linkage exercise permitting a comparison of prevalence estimates and population characteristics from these two data sources both separately and merged.
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Karp JF, DiNapoli EA, Wetherell J, Bolon C, Rodriguez E, Shega J, Weiner DK. Deconstructing Chronic Low Back Pain in the Older Adult—Step by Step Evidence and Expert-Based Recommendations for Evaluation and Treatment: Part IX: Anxiety. PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 17:1423-35. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Karam G, Itani L, Fayyad J, Karam A, Mneimneh Z, Karam E. Prevalence, Correlates, and Treatment of Mental Disorders among Lebanese Older Adults: A National Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:278-86. [PMID: 26880613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data on the mental health of older adults in the Middle East is lacking. Prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanese older adults (age: 60+ years) as well as accounts of their attitude towards seeking professional help for mental disorders were investigated. The results of older adults were compared to a younger age group (18-59 years). DESIGN Cross-sectional nationally representative study, using data from the Lebanese Evaluation of the Burden of Ailments and Needs of the Nation. SETTING Community-based epidemiologic survey. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults (N = 2,857) in Lebanon. MEASUREMENTS Mental disorders were evaluated using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS The lifetime and 12-month prevalences of having "any mental disorder" in older adults (N = 593) were 17.4% and 10.6%, respectively, and were significantly lower than the prevalence in younger adults (25.7% and 18.5%, respectively). Female sex, low household income, social disability, and exposure to war trauma were significant correlates of 12-month mental disorders in older adults. Of those with a 12-month mental disorder, 16.0% sought professional help for their condition in the past year. CONCLUSIONS As shown in other epidemiologic studies, the prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon was lower in older adults as compared to younger adults. Several factors in epidemiologic studies, however, may contribute to the underdiagnosis of mental disorders in older adults. No significant differences in attitude towards mental health services were found between older and younger age groups. The importance of interventions that improve the social relationships of older adults is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care , Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Lynn Itani
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - John Fayyad
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aimee Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elie Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care , Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A large and extensive body of research has examined comorbid anxiety and depression in adults. Children and adolescents also frequently present with comorbid anxiety and depression; however, research and treatment require unique environmental and neurodevelopmental considerations in children. As a result, our understanding of comorbid anxiety and depression in children and adolescents is limited. OBJECTIVE The goal of this systematic review was to examine the current literature focused on comorbid anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. The review included theoretical conceptualizations as well as diagnostic, neurobiological, prevention, and treatment considerations. In addition, a proposed algorithm for the treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression in children/adolescents is provided. METHODS This systematic literature review included 3 discrete searches in Ovid SP Medline, PsycInfo, and PubMed. RESULTS The review included and synthesized 115 articles published between 1987 and 2015. The available evidence suggests that anxiety and depression are common in clinical populations of children and adolescents, and that comorbidity is likely underestimated in children and adolescents. Children and adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression have unique presentations, greater symptom severity, and treatment resistance compared with those who have either disease in isolation. A dimensional approach may be necessary for the future development of diagnostic strategies and treatments for this population. Nascent neuroimaging work suggests that anxiety and depression each represents a distinct neurobiological phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The literature that is currently available suggests that comorbid anxiety and depression is a common presentation in children and adolescents. This diagnostic picture underscores the importance of comprehensive dimensional assessments and multimodal evidence-based approaches given the high disease severity. Future research on the neurobiology and the treatment of these common clinical conditions is warranted.
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Oude Voshaar RC, van der Veen DC, Hunt I, Kapur N. Suicide in late-life depression with and without comorbid anxiety disorders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31:146-52. [PMID: 26095418 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbid anxiety in depression increases the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior, although data on death by suicide are scarce. We compared characteristics of depressed elderly patients with and without anxiety disorders who died by suicide. METHODS From a 16-year clinical survey of all suicides in the UK (n = 25,128), we identified 1909 cases aged ≥60 years with a primary diagnosis of depression and no comorbidity other than anxiety disorders. Clinical characteristics of cases with (n = 333, 17.4%) and without (n = 1576) comorbid anxiety disorders were compared by logistic regression adjusted for demographic differences. RESULTS Compared with cases without comorbid anxiety disorders, cases with comorbid anxiety disorders were more likely to have a duration of illness over 1 year (OR(1-5 years) = 1.4 [95% CI: 1.0-1.9], p = 0.061; OR(≥5 years) = 1.4 [95% CI: 1.6-2.8], p < 0.001), were more frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs other than antidepressants, lithium, and antipsychotics (OR = 2.1 [95% CI: 1.6-2.7], p < 0.001) and were more distressed during their last contact with services (OR = 1.3 [95% CI: 1.0-1.7], p = 0.037). In contrast, clinicians estimated the immediate and long-term suicidal risks lower in those with comorbid anxiety disorders (OR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.3-0.9], p = 0.011 and OR = 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6-1.0], p = 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION Among depressed suicide cases, a comorbid anxiety disorder was identified in one out of six cases and associated with a higher prevalence of several suicide risk factors. This is important, as the detection of anxiety disorders comorbid to depression seems rather low and even when recognized clinicians rated such individuals as at low suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Date C van der Veen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Hunt
- Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Winkler P, Horáček J, Weissová A, Šustr M, Brunovský M. Physical Comorbidities in Depression Co-Occurring with Anxiety: A Cross Sectional Study in the Czech Primary Care System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:15728-38. [PMID: 26690458 PMCID: PMC4690951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities associated with depression have been researched in a number of contexts. However, the epidemiological situation in clinical practice is understudied, especially in the post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe region. The aim of this study was to assess physical comorbidities in depression, and to identify whether there are increased odds of physical comorbidities associated with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders. Data on 4264 patients aged 18–98 were collected among medical doctors in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2011. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess comorbidities among patients with depressive disorder. There were 51.29% of those who have a physical comorbidity, and 45.5% of those who have a comorbid anxiety disorders among patients treated with depression in Czech primary care. Results of logistic regressions show that odds of having pain, hypertension or diabetes mellitus are particularly elevated at those who have co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorder. Our findings demonstrate that comorbidities associated with depressive disorders are highly prevalent in primary health care practice, and that physical comorbidities are particularly frequent among those with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Ruská 2411/87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Aneta Weissová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Šustr
- KRKA Čr, S.r.o, Mezibranská 579/7, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Brunovský
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Ruská 2411/87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among the elderly and are associated with increased disability, poor quality of life, and cognitive impairment. Despite this high prevalence and associated morbidities, anxiety disorders in late life are underreported and understudied. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology, disease presentation, and current treatment of anxiety disorders in older adults. We also discuss limitations in the current understanding of such disorders in this population, as well as future research directions that may reveal the mechanisms and rationale for treatment regimens for anxiety disorders in late life. We present material on the application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) model to geriatric anxiety. Finally, we describe optimal management strategies of anxiety disorders.
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Laborde-Lahoz P, El-Gabalawy R, Kinley J, Kirwin PD, Sareen J, Pietrzak RH. Subsyndromal depression among older adults in the USA: prevalence, comorbidity, and risk for new-onset psychiatric disorders in late life. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:677-85. [PMID: 25345806 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based data are lacking on the prevalence and comorbidity of subsyndromal depression (SSD) and its associated risk for incident psychiatric disorders in older adults. METHODS Using nationally representative data from 10,409 US adults aged 55 years and older who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, we evaluated associations between lifetime SSD at Wave 1, and lifetime and incident mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders over a 3-year period. RESULTS Some 13.8% of older adults met criteria for SSD, and 13.7% met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, older adults with SSD at Wave 1 had significantly increased odds of lifetime mood (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 3.65-10.55), anxiety (AORs = 1.61-2.50), and any personality (AOR = 1.62) disorders. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid psychiatric disorders, older adults with SSD at Wave 1 had significantly increased odds of developing new-onset MDD (AOR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-2.05), as well as an anxiety disorder (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04-2.20) at Wave 2. CONCLUSION In addition to the 13.7% of US older adults with lifetime MDD, an additional 13.8% have lifetime SSD, which is not a formally recognized diagnosis. In addition to its high prevalence, SSD is associated with elevated rates of comorbid mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, as well as the development of a new-onset MDD and anxiety disorder. These results underscore the importance of dimensional approaches to assessing depressive symptoms in older persons, as diagnostic approaches that rely on rigorous categorical classifications may fail to identify a substantial proportion of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Laborde-Lahoz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renée El-Gabalawy
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jolene Kinley
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paul D Kirwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Polenick CA, Flora SR. Behavioral activation for depression in older adults: theoretical and practical considerations. THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST 2015; 36:35-55. [PMID: 25729131 DOI: 10.1007/bf03392291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a major public health concern that can have devastating effects on older individuals and their families. Behavioral theories predict that decreases in response-contingent positive reinforcement and increases in negatively reinforced avoidance behaviors, often accompanied by aversive life events, result in the selection and maintenance of depression. Based on these theories, behavioral activation treatments for depression are designed to facilitate structured increases in enjoyable activities that increase opportunities for contact with positive reinforcement. We discuss the applicability of behavioral models for LLD, and we briefly review current behavioral activation interventions for LLD with an emphasis on implications for future behavior-analytic research. Behavioral activation has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing depression and increasing healthy behavior in older adults. Potential challenges and considerations for future research are discussed. We suggest that applied behavior analysts and clinical behavior analysts are particularly well suited to improve and expand on the knowledge base and practical application of behavioral activation interventions with this population.
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Meng X, D'Arcy C. Comorbidity Between Lifetime Eating Problems and Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:156-62. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre; Montreal Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Canada
- School of Public Health; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Canada
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John CS, Sypek EI, Carlezon WA, Cohen BM, Öngür D, Bechtholt AJ. Blockade of the GLT-1 Transporter in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Induces both Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1700-8. [PMID: 25586634 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression has been associated with abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission and decreased astrocyte number in limbic areas. We previously demonstrated that global and prefrontal cortical blockade of the astrocytic glutamate transporter (GLT-1) induces anhedonia and c-Fos expression in areas that regulate anxiety, including the central amygdala (CEA). Given the role of the amygdala in anxiety and the high degree of comorbidity between anxiety and depression, we hypothesized that GLT-1 blockade in the CEA would induce symptoms of anhedonia and anxiety in rats. We microinjected the GLT-1 inhibitor, dihydrokainic acid (DHK), into the CEA and examined effects on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as an index of hedonic state, and on behavior in two anxiety paradigms, elevated plus maze (EPM) and fear conditioning. At lower doses, intra-CEA DHK produced modest increases in ICSS responding (T0). Higher doses resulted in complete cessation of responding for 15 min, suggesting an anhedonic or depressive-like effect. Intra-CEA DHK also increased anxiety-like behavior such that percent time in the open arms and total entries were decreased in the EPM and acquisition of freezing behavior to the tone was increased in a fear-conditioning paradigm. These effects did not appear to be explained by non-specific changes in activity, because effects on fear conditioning were assessed in a drug-free state, and a separate activity test showed no significant effects of intra-CEA DHK on locomotion. Taken together, these studies suggest that blockade of GLT-1 in the CEA is sufficient to induce both anhedonia and anxiety and therefore that a lack of glutamate uptake resulting from glial deficits may contribute to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S John
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Sypek
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Anita J Bechtholt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Measuring anxiety in late life: a psychometric examination of the geriatric anxiety inventory and geriatric anxiety scale. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:804-11. [PMID: 25271176 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties, internal scale reliability and validity, of two geriatric anxiety measures: the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). We also determined the extent to which memory ability influenced the psychometric properties of these measures. Older adult participants (N=110; M age=75 years) completed self-report, clinician-rated and diagnostic psychiatric measures and a neuropsychiatric battery. GAI and GAS scores had good internal consistency, adequate reliability, and strong convergent validity. GAI scores had better discriminant validity than GAS scores relative to a health rating. Both measures had strong associations with depression scores. Psychometric properties were decreased in participants with average delayed memory recall compared with those with superior recall. Both measures had good psychometric support, particularly in those with strong memory abilities. Psychometric performance characteristics indicate that the GAI and GAS may be good alternatives to anxiety measures not designed specifically for older adults.
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Transdiagnostic CBT treatment of co-morbid anxiety and depression in an older adult: single case experimental design. Behav Cogn Psychother 2014; 43:119-24. [PMID: 25396319 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465814000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in older adults, evaluation of suitable clinical models is rare. AIMS This study tested the acceptability and effectiveness of a transdiagnostic approach to treating co-morbid anxiety and depression in an older adults in a routine clinical setting. METHOD In an A/B single case experimental design, a patient completed five daily ideographic measures of anxiety and depression across baseline and treatment and the HADS at five time points over time, including 3-month follow-up. The 8-session treatment was transdiagnostic CBT informed by the Unified Protocol. RESULTS All sessions were attended. Significant baseline-treatment improvements were found for daily structure, mood, confidence and worry, with large associated effect sizes. The HADS showed that the patient met recovery criteria by the end of treatment, with some evidence of anxious relapse at follow-up. CONCLUSION Transdiagnostic CBT offers promise as a treatment approach to mixed anxiety and depression in older adults. The model needs to be further tested using more rigorous and suitably powered methodologies.
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Shin JA, Kosiba JD, Traeger L, Greer JA, Temel JS, Pirl WF. Dyspnea and panic among patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 48:465-70. [PMID: 24766738 PMCID: PMC4163506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Among patients with lung cancer, dyspnea is associated with psychological distress, fatigue, and poor coping. Respiratory symptoms are also a common trigger for panic attacks in the general population. Minimal research has addressed the prevalence of panic disorder or the association of dyspnea with the risk of panic disorder in lung cancer. OBJECTIVES We explored the frequency of panic disorder symptoms and the association of dyspnea with the risk of panic disorder symptoms among patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS During 2006-2010, consecutive patients presenting for initial consultation at a thoracic oncology clinic completed a survey of current symptoms, including dyspnea and panic disorder symptoms. We evaluated the frequency of panic disorder symptoms. Logistic regression was used to test the association of dyspnea with the risk of panic disorder symptoms, adjusting for age, gender, disease stage, performance status, and major depression symptoms. RESULTS Among 624 patients (mean age=63.7; standard deviation=12.1; 52.6% female), 48.1% reported that breathing was at least somewhat difficult and 11.2% endorsed panic disorder symptoms. Dyspnea was independently associated with higher risk of panic disorder symptoms (odds ratio=2.19, 95% confidence interval=1.11-4.31, P=0.02). Younger age and major depression symptoms also were associated with higher risk (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Almost half of the patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer reported dyspnea, and patients with dyspnea were more than twice as likely to endorse panic disorder symptoms relative to patients without dyspnea. Results highlight the need to differentiate panic disorder symptoms among patients who report dyspnea, particularly those who are younger or experiencing major depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Shin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Jesse D Kosiba
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lara Traeger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A Greer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer S Temel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William F Pirl
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hu E, Koucky EM, Brown WJ, Bruce SE, Sheline YI. The Role of Rumination in Elevating Perceived Stress in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:1953-1962. [PMID: 24346652 PMCID: PMC4119088 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513511697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rumination has been shown to be important in both the maintenance and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Increased rumination has also been linked to perceptions of increased stress, which in turn are significantly associated with increased PTSD severity. The present study sought to examine this relationship in more detail by means of a mediation analysis. Forty-nine female survivors of interpersonal violence who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria for PTSD were administered the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results indicated that perceived stress mediates the relationship between rumination and PTSD, but did not do so after controlling for depression. Such results provide further evidence for the overlap between PTSD and MDD, and, in broader clinical practice, translate to a sharper focus on rumination and perceived stress as maintenance factors in both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hu
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
| | | | | | - Steven E Bruce
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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Anxiety symptoms in 74+ community-dwelling elderly: associations with physical morbidity, depression and alcohol consumption. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89859. [PMID: 24587079 PMCID: PMC3935948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Anxiety among community-dwelling older adults has not been studied sufficiently. The aims of this cross-sectional population-based study were to estimate the point prevalence of clinically relevant anxiety symptoms and to describe their socio-demographic and clinical features, with particular focus on the association with somatic illnesses. Methods Three-hundred-sixty-six non-demented older adults (mean age 83.7±6.2, range 74–99 years) from the Faenza Project (Northern Italy) were assessed using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination-Revised (CAMDEX-R) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory short form (GAI-sf). Multi-adjusted regression analyses were used to estimate Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Results Clinically relevant anxiety symptoms occurred in one out of five participants (point prevalence 21.0%) and were significantly associated with depression (OR 5.6 per rank; 95% CI: 3.1–10.1), physical morbidity (OR 3.5 per illness; 95% CI: 1.0–11.9) and female gender (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.4–5.5). Further, there were significant associations with a consumption of alcohol exceeding 1 alcoholic unit/day. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms are very common in older subjects, especially when medically ill. Depression and alcohol consumption often co-occur with late-life anxiety symptoms, thus requiring special attention in daily clinical practice.
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Thaipisuttikul P, Ittasakul P, Waleeprakhon P, Wisajun P, Jullagate S. Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:2097-103. [PMID: 25419132 PMCID: PMC4235207 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s72026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidities are common in major depressive disorder (MDD). They may worsen outcome and cause economic burden. The primary objective was to examine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in MDD. The secondary objectives were to compare the presence of comorbidities between currently active and past MDD, and between patients with and without suicidal risk. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 250 patients with lifetime MDD and age ≥18 years were enrolled. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Thai version, was used to confirm MDD diagnosis and classify comorbidities. MDD diagnosis was confirmed in 190, and 60 patients were excluded due to diagnosis of bipolar disorder. RESULTS Of the 190 MDD patients, 25.8% had current MDD and 74.2% had past MDD. Eighty percent were women. The mean age at enrollment was 50 years, and at MDD onset was 41 years. Most patients were married (53.2%), employed (54.8%), and had ≥12 years of education (66.9%). There were 67 patients (35.3%) with one or more psychiatric comorbidities. Comorbidities included dysthymia (19.5%), any anxiety disorders (21.1%) (panic disorder [6.8%], agoraphobia [5.8%], social phobia [3.7%], obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] [4.7%], generalized anxiety disorder [5.3%], and post-traumatic stress disorder [4.2%]), alcohol dependence (0.5%), psychotic disorder (1.6%), antisocial personality (1.1%), and eating disorders (0%). Compared with past MDD, the current MDD group had significantly higher OCD (P<0.001), psychotic disorder (P=0.048), past panic disorder (P=0.017), and suicidal risk (P<0.001). Suicidal risk was found in 32.1% of patients. Patients with suicidal risk had more comorbid anxiety disorder of any type (P=0.019) and psychotic disorder (P=0.032). CONCLUSION Several comorbidities were associated with MDD. Patients with active MDD had higher comorbid OCD, psychotic disorder, past panic disorder, and suicidal risk. Patients with suicide risk had higher comorbid anxiety and psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papan Thaipisuttikul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pichai Ittasakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punjaporn Waleeprakhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarabhorn Wisajun
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudawan Jullagate
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
The diagnosis of dysthymic disorder was created in DSM-III and maintained in DSM-IV to describe a depressive syndrome of mild to moderate severity of at least two years' duration that did not meet criteria for major depressive disorder. The prevalence of dysthymic disorder is approximately 2% in the elderly population where subsyndromal depressions of lesser severity are more common. Dysthymic disorder was replaced in DSM-V by the diagnosis of "persistent depressive disorder" that includes chronic major depression and dysthymic disorder. In older adults, epidemiological and clinical evidence supports the use of the term "dysthymic disorder." In contrast to young adults with dysthymic disorder, older adults with dysthymic disorder commonly present with late age of onset, without major depression and other psychiatric disorders, and with a low rate of family history of mood disorders. They often have stressors such as loss of social support and bereavement, and some have cerebrovascular or neurodegenerative pathology. A minority has chronic depression dating from youth with psychiatric comorbidity similar to young adults with dysthymic disorder. In older adults, both dysthymic disorder and subsyndromal depression increase disability and lead to poor medical outcomes. Elderly patients with dysthymic disorder are seen mainly in primary care where identification and treatment are often inadequate. Treatment with antidepressant medication shows marginal superiority over placebo in controlled trials, and problem-solving therapy shows similar efficacy. Combined treatment and collaborative care models show slightly better results, but cost effectiveness is a concern. Further work is needed to clarify optimal approaches to the treatment of dysthymic disorder in elderly patients.
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Hamdi NR, Iacono WG. Lifetime prevalence and co-morbidity of externalizing disorders and depression in prospective assessment. Psychol Med 2014; 44:315-324. [PMID: 23590946 PMCID: PMC3797261 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological research is believed to underestimate the lifetime prevalence of mental illness due to recall failure and a lack of rapport between researchers and participants. METHOD In this prospective study, we examined lifetime prevalence and co-morbidity rates of substance use disorders, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in a representative, statewide Minnesota sample (n = 1252) assessed four times between the ages of 17 and 29 years with very low attrition. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence rates of all disorders more than doubled between the ages of 17 and 29 years in both men and women, and our prospective rates at the age of 29 years were consistently higher than rates from leading epidemiological surveys. Although there was some variation, the general trend was for lifetime co-morbidity to increase between the ages of 17 and 29 years, and this trend was significant for MDD-alcohol dependence, MDD-nicotine dependence, and ASPD-nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results show that emerging adulthood is a high-risk period for the development of mental illness, with increases in the lifetime prevalence and co-morbidity of mental disorders during this time. More than a quarter of individuals had met criteria for MDD and over a fifth had experienced alcohol dependence by the age of 29 years, indicating that mental illness is more common than is estimated in cross-sectional mental health surveys. These findings have important implications for the measurement of economic burden, resource allocation toward mental health services and research, advocacy organizations for the mentally ill, and etiological theories of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Hamdi
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - W G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Schulte MT, Hser YI. Substance Use and Associated Health Conditions throughout the Lifespan. Public Health Rev 2014; 35:https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20150206061220/http://www.publichealthreviews.eu/upload/pdf_files/14/00_Schulte_Hser.pdf. [PMID: 28366975 PMCID: PMC5373082 DOI: 10.1007/bf03391702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A life stage perspective is necessary for development of age-appropriate strategies to address substance use disorders (SUDs) and related health conditions in order to produce better overall health and well-being. The current review evaluated the literature across three major life stages: adolescence, adulthood, and older adulthood. FINDINGS 1) Substance use is often initiated in adolescence, but it is during adulthood that prevalence rates for SUDs peak; and while substance involvement is less common among older adults, the risk for health complications associated with use increases. 2) Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and, increasingly, prescription medications, are the most commonly misused substances across age groups; however, the use pattern of these and other drugs and the salient impact vary depending on life stage. 3) In terms of health outcomes, all ages are at risk for overdose, accidental injury, and attempted suicide. Adolescents are more likely to be in vehicular accidents while older adults are at greater risk for damaging falls. Adulthood has the highest rates of associated medical conditions (e.g., cancer, sexually transmitted disease, heart disease) and mental health conditions (e.g., bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, antisocial personality disorder). CONCLUSION Prolonged heavy use of drugs and/or alcohol results in an array of serious health conditions. Addressing SUDs from a life stage perspective with assessment and treatment approaches incorporating co-occurring disorders are necessary to successfully impact overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya T. Schulte
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yih-Ing Hser
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Bryant C, Mohlman J, Gum A, Stanley M, Beekman ATF, Wetherell JL, Thorp SR, Flint AJ, Lenze EJ. Anxiety disorders in older adults: looking to DSM5 and beyond... Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:872-6. [PMID: 23567396 PMCID: PMC4169193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bryant
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne and Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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