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Employment-related musculoskeletal complications experienced by the physical therapists in Bangladesh: a comprehensive cross-sectional case study. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-022-00096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dentists, nurses, and physical therapists have all been associated with an increased risk of work-related diseases. The findings of studies in these different occupations might aid in the development of preventative measures. In Bangladesh, however, no comparable evidence has been recorded among physical therapists. The study’s goal was to find out the prevalence of work-related physical problems at different anatomical locations, as well as the link between these disorders and treatment strategies across Bangladeshi physical therapists.
Methods
A physical and online survey of Bangladeshi physical therapists was done. A total of 300 questionnaires were given out, with work-related discomfort or pain detected in nine locations of the body: (1) neck, (2) shoulder, (3) elbow, (4) wrists, (5) upper back, (6) lumbar, (7) thighs, (8) knee, and (9) ankle.
Results
85.5% of Bangladeshi physical therapists suffer musculoskeletal problems, according to the results of this research. The neck (25.7%), lower back (15.2%), elbow (12.3%), ankle (8.6%), and shoulder (8.6%) were the most often affected locations (7.1%). Upper back (3.0%) and hips (2.2%) ailments had the lowest prevalence.
Conclusion
Work-related musculoskeletal illnesses were common among the Bangladeshi physical therapists, especially in their neck, lower back, elbow, and ankle regions.
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Serra L, Farrants K, Alexanderson K, Ubalde M, Lallukka T. Trajectory analyses in insurance medicine studies: Examples and key methodological aspects and pitfalls. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263810. [PMID: 35148351 PMCID: PMC8836370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectory analyses are being increasingly used in efforts to increase understanding about the heterogeneity in the development of different longitudinal outcomes such as sickness absence, use of medication, income, or other time varying outcomes. However, several methodological and interpretational challenges are related to using trajectory analyses. This methodological study aimed to compare results using two different types of software to identify trajectories and to discuss methodological aspects related to them and the interpretation of the results. METHODS Group-based trajectory models (GBTM) and latent class growth models (LCGM) were fitted, using SAS and Mplus, respectively. The data for the examples were derived from a representative sample of Spanish workers in Catalonia, covered by the social security system (n = 166,192). Repeatedly measured sickness absence spells per trimester (n = 96,453) were from the Catalan Institute of Medical Evaluations. The analyses were stratified by sex and two birth cohorts (1949-1969 and 1970-1990). RESULTS Neither of the software were superior to the other. Four groups were the optimal number of groups in both software, however, we detected differences in the starting values and shapes of the trajectories between the two software used, which allow for different conclusions when they are applied. We cover questions related to model fit, selecting the optimal number of trajectory groups, investigating covariates, how to interpret the results, and what are the key pitfalls and strengths of using these person-oriented methods. CONCLUSIONS Future studies could address further methodological aspects around these statistical techniques, to facilitate epidemiological and other research dealing with longitudinal study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS) University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristin Farrants
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mónica Ubalde
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Heinonen N, Lallukka T, Lahti J, Pietiläinen O, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Katainen A, Kouvonen A. Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Record Linkage Cohort Study Among 19- to 39-Year-Old Female Municipal Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:105-114. [PMID: 34723911 PMCID: PMC8812422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors. METHODS Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied. RESULTS Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD. CONCLUSION Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heinonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (Heinonen, Dr Nordquist, Dr Katainen, and Dr Kouvonen); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Dr Olli, Dr Nordquist, and Dr Mänty); South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland (Dr Nordquist); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland (Dr Mänty); Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK (Dr Kouvonen)
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Sickness absence due to common mental disorders in young employees in Sweden: are there differences in occupational class and employment sector? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1097-1106. [PMID: 34386867 PMCID: PMC9042979 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of sickness absence (SA) in young adults is due to common mental disorders (CMDs). Still studies on CMD-related SA in young workers are lacking, especially studies for those employed in the private sector. The current study investigated the associations between sector of employment, occupational class and SA due to CMDs. In addition, associations between type of employment branch and SA due CMDs within each sector were examined. METHODS This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 663,583 employees, 19-29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Employment sector (i.e., private/public) and occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) were measured in 2009. Risk estimates of SA due to CMDs, between 2010 and 2016, were calculated as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Sector of employment was associated with SA due to CMDs, such that public sector workers had an elevated risk when compared with private sector employees (adjusted HR: 1.31 (95% CI 1.29-1.33). Moreover, manual workers had a slightly elevated risk for SA due to CMDs compared to non-manual workers. Within the private sector, in both manual and non-manual workers, those employed in education and health and social services evidenced the highest rates and risks of SA due to CMDs. CONCLUSION Sector of employment and occupational class play a role in SA due to CMDs in young employees. These findings should be considered when identifying high-risk groups for SA in the young working population.
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Mänty M, Kouvonen A, Nordquist H, Harkko J, Pietiläinen O, Halonen JI, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Physical working conditions and subsequent sickness absence: a record linkage follow-up study among 19-39-year-old municipal employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:489-497. [PMID: 34687341 PMCID: PMC8795030 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Physical work exposures are associated with sickness absence among older employees. We aimed to examine if they similarly contribute to all-cause sickness absence during early and mid-careers. Methods We used questionnaire data on physical work exposures linked to register data on sickness absence from 3542 municipal employees aged 19–39 years. Follow-up for the number of sickness absence days was 12 months. Exposures to physical workload, occupational environmental hazards, and sedentary work were divided into quartiles. In addition, duration of daily exposure to heavy work was included. Negative binomial regression models were used. Results Higher exposure to physical workload or hazardous exposures was associated with a higher number of sickness absence days. The age and gender adjusted rate ratios for sickness absence days among the participants whose exposure to physical workload was in the highest exposure quartile were 2.1 (95% CI 1.8‒2.5) compared with those whose exposure was in the lowest quartile. In addition, rate ratios for sickness absence days among participants who reported that they do heavy physical work 1.1‒2.0 h, 2.1‒4.0 h or over 4 h daily were 1.6 (1.3‒1.9), 1.5 (1.3‒1.8) and 1.7 (1.5‒2.1), respectively, compared with those who reported not doing physical work. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors or health characteristics attenuated the associations only slightly. Conclusion Exposure to physically demanding work is associated with a higher number of sickness absence days among municipal employees below 40 years of age. Physical working conditions should be considered when aiming to support later work ability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01791-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Unit of Strategy and Research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland.
| | - A Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - H Nordquist
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Health Care and Emergency Care, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland
| | - J Harkko
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J I Halonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Björkenstam E, Helgesson M, Gustafsson K, Virtanen M, Hanson LLM, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Occupational class and employment sector differences in common mental disorders: a longitudinal Swedish cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:809-815. [PMID: 34269384 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent increases in common mental disorders (CMDs) among young adults are of great concern although studies of CMDs in young employees are sparse. This study investigated the independent and interacting effects of sector of employment, occupational class and CMDs. Additionally, associations between type of employment branch and CMDs within each sector were examined. METHODS This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 665 138 employees, 19-29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Employment sector (i.e. private/public) and occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) were measured in 2009. Risk estimates of CMDs, measured as new prescription of antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a diagnosis of CMDs, between 2010 and 2016, were calculated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using Cox multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Public sector employees (whereof 60% manual workers) had an elevated risk for CMDs compared to private sector employees [adjusted HR: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12-1.16)]. Within each sector, manual workers were at increased risk of CMDs compared to non-manual workers. There was an interaction between sector of employment and occupational class; manual workers in the public sector had the highest CMD risk [adjusted synergy index: 1.51 (95% CI 1.29-1.76)]. The most elevated risk for CMDs was observed in those employed in health and social services and the lowest risk among construction workers. CONCLUSION Sector of employment and occupational class play a role in CMDs in young employees. These findings should be taken into account in the attempts to reduce CMDs in the young working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Helgesson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Gustafsson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Linda L M Hanson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Viviani CA, Bravo G, Lavallière M, Arezes PM, Martínez M, Dianat I, Bragança S, Castellucci HI. Productivity in older versus younger workers: A systematic literature review. Work 2021; 68:577-618. [PMID: 33612506 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide ageing and thus, workforce ageing, is a concern for both developed and developing nations. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to determine, through a systematic literature review, the effects of age in three dimensions that are often used to define or assess productivity at work. METHODS PICO framework was used to generate search strategies, inclusion criteria and terms. Scopus and PubMed databases were used. Peer-reviewed journal papers written in English and published (or in press) between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. RESULTS After filtering through inclusion criteria, 74 papers were included in the review. Considering productivity, 41%of the findings showed no differences between younger and older workers, 31%report better productivity of younger workers and 28%reported that older workers had better productivity than younger workers. Performance was better in older workers (58%), presenteeism generally showed no significant differences between age groups (61%). Absenteeism was the only outcome where younger workers outperformed older workers (43%). CONCLUSION Overall, there was no difference in productivity between older and younger workers. Older workers performed better than younger workers, but had more absenteeism, while presenteeism showed no differences. As ageing has come to workplaces, holistic approaches addressing total health are suggested to overcome the worldwide workforce ageing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Viviani
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Chile
| | - G Bravo
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile
| | - M Lavallière
- Module de Kinésiologie, Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec á Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay (QC), Canada
| | - P M Arezes
- ALGORITMI Centre, School of Engineering of the University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Martínez
- Mutual de Seguridad de la Cámara Chilena de la Construcción, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Dianat
- Department of Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Bragança
- Research Innovation and Enterprise, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - H I Castellucci
- Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Leino-Arjas P, Seitsamo J, Nygård CH, K.C. P, Neupane S. Process of Work Disability: From Determinants of Sickness Absence Trajectories to Disability Retirement in A Long-Term Follow-Up of Municipal Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052614. [PMID: 33807823 PMCID: PMC7967364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Work disability may originate early during work history and involve sickness absences (SA) and eventually permanent disability. We studied this process over 15 years. Questionnaire data collected in 1981 on health, working conditions, and lifestyle of Finnish municipal employees aged 44-58 years (n = 6257) were linked with registers on SA (≥10 workdays), disability pension, and death from the period 1986-1995. Trajectory analysis was used to assess development in SA (days/year) over 5 years (1981-1985). We analyzed determinants of the trajectories with multinomial regression, while trajectory membership was used as a predictor of disability pension (DP) during the subsequent 10 years in survival analysis. Three SA trajectories emerged: increasing (women: 6.8%; men: 10.2%), moderate (21.2%; 22.7%), and low. In a mutually adjusted model, the increasing trajectory in women was associated with baseline musculoskeletal (MSD), mental and respiratory disorders, injuries, obesity, sleep problems, and low exercise (effect sizes OR > 2), and in men with MSD, sleep problems, smoking, low exercise, and non-satisfaction with management. The moderate trajectory associated with MSD, 'other somatic disorders', sleep problems, and awkward work postures in both genders; in women, also overweight, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity, and (inversely) knowledge-intensive work, and in men, smoking and mental disorders were thus associated. Ten-year risks of DP contrasting increasing vs. low SA were more than 10-fold in both genders and contrasting moderate vs. low SA 3-fold in women and 2-fold in men. These findings emphasize the need for early identification of workers with short-term problems of work ability and interventions regarding lifestyle, health, and working conditions, to help prevent permanent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Leino-Arjas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (P.L.-A.); (J.S.)
| | - Jorma Seitsamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (P.L.-A.); (J.S.)
| | - Clas-Håkan Nygård
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (C.-H.N.); (P.K.C.)
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Prakash K.C.
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (C.-H.N.); (P.K.C.)
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Subas Neupane
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (C.-H.N.); (P.K.C.)
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Durand MJ, Coutu MF, Tremblay D, Sylvain C, Gouin MM, Bilodeau K, Kirouac L, Paquette MA, Nastasia I, Coté D. Insights into the Sustainable Return to Work of Aging Workers with a Work Disability: An Interpretative Description Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:92-106. [PMID: 32347441 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A sustainable return to work (S-RTW) following prolonged work disability poses particular challenges as workers age. This article provides a synthesis of the factors and issues involved in a S-RTW process for aging workers following such a disability. Methods Using interpretive description methods, a critical review was conducted of the literature specifying return-to-work factors and issues for aging workers with regard to four major causes of work disability (musculoskeletal disorders, common mental disorders, cancer or other chronic diseases). The initial review concerned the 2000-2016 literature, and was subsequently updated for November 2016-December 2018. To further explore and contextualise the results of this literature review, four focus groups were held with stakeholders, representing the workplace, insurance, and healthcare systems and workers. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed. Results Fifty-five articles were reviewed and 35 stakeholders participated in the focus groups. Returning to work and staying at work appear to be particularly challenging for aging workers, who face notable issues and stigma concerning their ability to meet work demands, as well as their mobilisation and engagement in these processes. Such findings echo in many ways the main assertions of the literature on aging at work, except those regarding the transformation of capacities with aging, which is not mentioned in relation to workers with a work disability. The influence of healthcare and compensation systems on the S-RTW of aging work-disabled workers has also received little attention to date. Conclusions The results underscore that aging workers with a disability are frequently vulnerable in terms of their health or their jobs. Intersectoral efforts are needed to remedy this situation to keep them at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Durand
- Centre d'action en prévention et réadaptation des incapacités au travail (CAPRIT), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Coutu
- Centre d'action en prévention et réadaptation des incapacités au travail (CAPRIT), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Dominique Tremblay
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Chantal Sylvain
- Centre d'action en prévention et réadaptation des incapacités au travail (CAPRIT), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Marie-Michelle Gouin
- Department of Management and Human Resource Management, School of Management, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Karine Bilodeau
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-ville, PO Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Laurie Kirouac
- Department of Industrial Relations, Université Laval, 1025 avenue des Sciences-Humaines, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Paquette
- Centre d'action en prévention et réadaptation des incapacités au travail (CAPRIT), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Suite 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Iuliana Nastasia
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 Boulevard De Maisonneuve West, Montreal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Daniel Coté
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 Boulevard De Maisonneuve West, Montreal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada
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Subjective cognitive complaints and permanent work disability: a prospective cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:901-910. [PMID: 33462663 PMCID: PMC8238735 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Work disability (WD) is a medico-legal concept that refers to disability benefits (DB) granted due to diseases. We assessed whether subjective cognitive complaints (SCC)-presenting as self-rated difficulties of concentration, memory, clear thinking, and decision making-predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. METHODS In this prospective cohort study with up to 7-year follow-up, we combined the SCC questionnaire results with reliable registry data on the DBs of 7161 professional/managerial employees (46% females). We excluded employees who were on long-term sickness absence (SA) or had received a DB at baseline. The exposure variable was the presence of SCC. Age and SA before the questionnaire as a proxy measure of general health were treated as confounders and the analyses were conducted by gender. The outcome variable was a granted DB. The cumulative incidence function illustrates the difference between SCC categories, and the Fine-Gray model estimates the predictors of WD during the 8-year follow-up. RESULTS The annual incidence of DB was 0.15% in the entire cohort: 0.18% among the females, and 0.12% among the males (p = 0.795). The most common primary reasons for permanent WD were mental (36%) and musculoskeletal (20%) disorders. SCC predicted DB in both genders when controlling for age and prior SA. Hazard ratios were 2.9 with a 95% confidence interval 1.4-6.0 for the females and 3.7 (1.8-7.9) for the males. CONCLUSION Subjective cognitive complaints predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. This finding has implications for supporting work ability and preventing work disability among employees with cognitively demanding tasks.
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Shiri R, Hiilamo A, Rahkonen O, Robroek SJW, Pietiläinen O, Lallukka T. Predictors of working days lost due to sickness absence and disability pension. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:843-854. [PMID: 33433695 PMCID: PMC8238732 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify social and health-related predictors of the number of days lost due to sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among initially 55-year-old public-sector workers. Methods The data from the Finnish Helsinki Health Study included participants aged 55 years at the baseline (in 2000–2002, N = 1630, 81% women), and were enriched with register-based information on SA and DP. The cumulative number of calendar days lost due to SA ≥ 1 day or DP between ages 55 and 65 was calculated. Negative binomial regression model was used to identify the predictors of days lost. Results The average calendar days lost was 316 days (about 220 working days) during a 10-year follow-up, and 44% were due to SA and 56% due to DP. Smoking [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.40 for past and IRR = 1.30, CI 1.07–1.58 for current], binge drinking (IRR = 1.22, CI 1.02–1.46), lifting or pulling/pushing heavy loads (IRR = 1.35, CI 1.10–1.65), awkward working positions (IRR = 1.24, CI 1.01–1.53), long-standing illness limiting work or daily activities (IRR = 2.32, CI 1.93–2.79), common mental disorder (IRR = 1.52, CI 1.30–1.79), and multisite pain (IRR = 1.50, CI 1.23–1.84) increased the number of days lost, while high level of education (IRR = 0.66, CI 0.52–0.82) and moderate level of leisure-time physical activity (IRR = 0.80, CI 0.67–0.94) reduced the number of days lost. Conclusions Modifiable lifestyle risk factors, workload factors, common mental disorder, and multisite pain substantially increase the number of days lost. However, the findings of this study could be generalized to female workers in the public sector. Future research should also consider shorter SA spells in estimating working years lost and working life expectancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-020-01630-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 18, 00032, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 18, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 18, 00032, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ropponen A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Svedberg P. Psychosocial working conditions, pain, mental disorders, and disability pension. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:233-240. [PMID: 32951531 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1816882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate associations between psychosocial working conditions and disability pension (DP), and the role of co-existing pain or common mental disorders (CMDs). Survey data collected 1998-2003 on 25,135 Swedish twins born 1935-1958 were linked with national DP register data until 2013. Psychosocial working conditions, pain and CMDs were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression models (hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals). One unit increase in job demands or control was associated with a higher risk for DP due to musculoskeletal disorders. One unit decrease in job demands predicted lower risk of DP due to mental diagnoses. Co-existing pain or CMD played no role for associations of job demands with DP, but pain influenced the associations with DP due to mental diagnoses. To conclude, psychosocial working conditions play different roles for DP depending on the diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Ropponen
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Halonen JI, Hiilamo A, Butterworth P, Wooden M, Ervasti J, Virtanen M, Sivertsen B, Aalto V, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Lallukka T. Psychological distress and sickness absence: Within- versus between-individual analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:333-339. [PMID: 32056769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty remains whether associations for psychological distress and sickness absence (SA) observed between and within individuals differ, and whether age, gender and work-related factors moderate these associations. METHODS We analyzed SA records of 41,184 participants of the Finnish Public Sector study with repeated survey data between 2000 and 2016 (119,024 observations). Psychological distress was measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), while data on SA days were from the employers' registers. We used a hybrid regression estimation approach adjusting for time-variant confounders-age, marital status, occupational class, body mass index, job contract type, months worked in the follow-up year, job demand, job control, and workplace social capital-and time-invariant gender (for between-individual analysis). RESULTS Higher levels of psychological distress were consistently associated with SA, both within- and between-individuals. The within-individual association (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.68, 95% CI 1.61-1.75 for SA at high distress), however, was substantially smaller than the between-individual association (IRR 2.53, 95% CI 2.39-2.69). High levels of psychological distress had slightly stronger within-individual associations with SA among older (>45 years) than younger employees, lower than higher occupational class, and among men than women. None of the assessed work unit related factors (e.g. job demand, job control) were consistent moderators. LIMITATIONS These findings may not be generalizable to other working sectors or cultures with different SA policies or study populations that are male dominated. CONCLUSIONS Focus on within-individual variation over time provides more accurate estimates of the contribution of mental health to subsequent sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00270 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Mark Wooden
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lallukka T, Kaila-Kangas L, Mänty M, Koskinen S, Haukka E, Kausto J, Leino-Arjas P, Kaikkonen R, Halonen JI, Shiri R. Work-Related Exposures and Sickness Absence Trajectories: A Nationally Representative Follow-up Study among Finnish Working-Aged People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122099. [PMID: 31200553 PMCID: PMC6616391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of physically demanding work to the developmental trajectories of sickness absence (SA) has seldom been examined. We analyzed the associations of 12 physical work exposures, individually and in combination, with SA trajectories among the occupationally active in the Finnish nationally representative Health 2000 survey. We included 3814 participants aged 30–59 years at baseline, when exposure history to work-related factors was reported. The survey and interview responses were linked with the annual number of medically confirmed SA spells through 2002–2008 from national registries. Trajectory analyses identified three SA subgroups: 1 = low (54.6%), 2 = slowly increasing (33.7%), and 3 = high (11.7%). After adjustments, sitting or use of keyboard >1 year was inversely associated with the high SA trajectory (odds ratio, OR, 0.57; 95% 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.43–0.77). The odds of belonging to the trajectory of high SA increased with an increasing number of risk factors, and was highest for those with ≥4 physical workload factors (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.99–3.69). In conclusion, these findings highlight the need to find ways to better maintain the work ability of those in physically loading work, particularly when there occurs exposure to several workload factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Leena Kaila-Kangas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- City of Vantaa, Asematie 7, 01300 Vantaa, Finland.
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Unit of Statistics and research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eija Haukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Kausto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi Leino-Arjas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Risto Kaikkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Hiilamo A, Shiri R, Kouvonen A, Mänty M, Butterworth P, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Common mental disorders and trajectories of work disability among midlife public sector employees - A 10-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2019; 247:66-72. [PMID: 30654267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined trajectories of work disability, indicated by sickness absence and disability retirement, among midlife public sector employees with and without common mental disorders (CMD) at baseline. We also examined adverse childhood events, occupational class, long-standing illness and health behaviour as determinants of the trajectories. METHODS A sample from the Helsinki Health Study was extracted comprising 2350 employees. Baseline characteristics were obtained from mail surveys conducted in 2000-2 and 2007. CMD were measured by the General Health Questionnaire. Participants were followed between the ages of 50-59. Work disability trajectories were modelled by the annual number of work disability months in group-based trajectory analysis. Multinomial regression was used to predict trajectory group memberships. RESULTS Three trajectories were identified: no work disability (consisting 59% of the all employees), stable/low (31%) and high/increasing disability (10%). Employees with CMD were more likely to belong to the stable/low (odds ratio 1.73 [95% confidence interval 1.37-2.18]), and the high/increasing (2.55 [1.81-3.59]) trajectories. Stratified models showed that the determinants of the trajectories were largely similar for those with CMD compared to those without CMD except that obesity was a somewhat stronger predictor of the high/increasing trajectory among employees with CMD. LIMITATIONS The focus on midlife public sector employees limits the generalisability to other employment sectors and younger employees. CONCLUSIONS CMD were strongly associated with a trajectory leading to early exit from employment and a stable/low work disability trajectory. These findings have implications for interventions promoting work ability of employees with mental ill-health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, 00370, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, 00370, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Administrative Data Research Centre - Northern Ireland (ADRC-NI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Unit of Research, Development and Innovation, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, 00370, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Demou E, Smith S, Bhaskar A, Mackay DF, Brown J, Hunt K, Vargas-Prada S, Macdonald EB. Evaluating sickness absence duration by musculoskeletal and mental health issues: a retrospective cohort study of Scottish healthcare workers. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018085. [PMID: 29374662 PMCID: PMC5829784 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sickness absence (SA) among healthcare workers is associated with occupational and non-occupational risk factors and impacts employee health, healthcare delivery and patient health. At the same time, healthcare is one of the employment sectors with the highest rates of work-related ill health in the UK. Musculoskeletal (MSK) and mental health (MH) issues are leading causes of SA, but there is a lack of research on how certain MSK/MH conditions impact on SA duration. The study aim is to determine differences in SA duration by MH and MSK disorders in healthcare employees. METHODS Survival analyses were used to estimate SA duration due to MSK and MH problems over 6 years, and Cox's proportional hazards models to determine the HRs of returning to work, using a bespoke Scottish health board database with over 53 000 SA events. SA duration and time to return-to-work (RTW) were estimated for employees by age, gender, job and health conditions. RESULTS MSK and MH conditions accounted for 27% and 6% of all SA events and 23.7% and 19.5% of all days lost, respectively. Average SA duration was 43.5 days for MSK and 53.9 days for MH conditions. For MSK conditions, employees with low back or neck pain had the fastest RTW (median P50: 7 days), whereas employees absent due to depression took the longest (P50: 54 days). The most influential sociodemographic variables affecting RTW were age, gender and job category. CONCLUSIONS Using a unique and rich database, we found significant differences in SA duration by presenting condition in healthcare workers. MH conditions, and depression specifically, accounted for the most working days' absence. Significant variations in duration were also observed for MSK conditions. Our findings can inform public health practitioners and healthcare managers of the most significant factors impacting MSK-related and MH-related SA to develop and implement tailored and targeted workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shanley Smith
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abita Bhaskar
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel F Mackay
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sergio Vargas-Prada
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad Central de Contingencias Comunes (U3C), ASEPEYO, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewan B Macdonald
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Ropponen A, Narusyte J, Mather L, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Åkerstedt T, Svedberg P. Night work as a risk factor for future cause-specific disability pension: A prospective twin cohort study in Sweden. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:249-260. [PMID: 29144170 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1399137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to investigate the associations between night work and disability pension (DP) due to all causes, cardiovascular (CVD), mental, and other diagnoses, adjusting for familial confounding. The material of the study included comprehensive survey data on 27 165 Swedish twins born in 1935-1958 that were linked with DP data for the survey period (1998-2003) to 2013. Night work was assessed as years of working nights at least every now and then, and categorized into not at all, 1-10 years and over 10 years. For statistical analyses, Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of the study indicated that over 10 years duration of night work had an age- and sex-adjusted HR of 1.48 (95% CI 1.11-1.98) for DP due to CVD and 1-10 years of night work an HR of 1.28 (95% CI 1.06-1.55) for DP due to mental diagnoses, but attenuated when covariates were adjusted for. Both 1-10 years (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17-1.39) and >10 years of night work (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.34) were associated with DP due to all causes and other diagnoses. These risks remained after adjusting for covariates. To conclude, even modest exposure in terms of duration of night work is a risk factor for all-cause DP, but also for DP due to mental and other diagnoses. The risk of DP due to CVD seems to be associated with longer (>10 years) periods of night work. All the associations between night work and DP seem to be influenced by various covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Ropponen
- a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- b Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lisa Mather
- b Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- b Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- c Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- b Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Sumanen H, Lahelma E, Pietiläinen O, Rahkonen O. The Magnitude of Occupational Class Differences in Sickness Absence: 15-Year Trends among Young and Middle-Aged Municipal Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14060625. [PMID: 28598380 PMCID: PMC5486311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our aim was to examine the magnitude of relative occupational class differences in sickness absence (SA) days over a 15-year period among female and male municipal employees in two age-groups. Methods: 18-34 and 35-59-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki from 2002 to 2016 were included in our data (n = ~37,500 per year). Occupational class was classified into four groups. The magnitude of relative occupational class differences in SA was studied using the relative index of inequality (RII). Results: The relative occupational class differences were larger among older than younger employees; the largest differences were among 35-59-year-old men. Among women in both age-groups the relative class differences remained stable during 2002-2016. Among younger and older men, the differences were larger during the beginning of study period than in the end. Among women in both age-groups the RII values were between 2.19 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.98, 2.42) and 3.60 (95% CI 3.28, 3.95). The corresponding differences varied from 3.74 (95% CI 3.13, 4.48) to 1.68 (95% CI 1.44, 1.97) among younger and from 6.43 (95% CI 5.85, 7.06) to 3.31 (95% CI 2.98, 3.68) among older men. CONCLUSIONS Relative occupational class differences were persistent among employees irrespective of age group and gender. Preventive measures should be started at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Sumanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Sumanen H, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. 10-year trends of educational differences in long sickness absence due to mental disorders. J Occup Health 2017; 59:352-355. [PMID: 28496028 PMCID: PMC5557822 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0024-br] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mental disorders are a key cause of sickness absence (SA) and challenge prolonging working careers. Thus, evidence on the development of SA trends is needed. In this study, educational differences in long SAs due to mental disorders were examined in two age groups among employees of the City of Helsinki from 2004 to 2013. METHODS All permanently and temporarily employed staff aged 18-34 and 35-49 were included in the analyses (n=~27800 per year). SA spells of ≥14 days due to mental disorders were examined annually. Education was classified to higher and lower levels. Joinpoint regression was used to identify major turning points in SA trends. RESULTS Joinpoint regression models showed that lower educated groups had more long SAs spells due to mental disorders than those groups with higher education. SA trends decreased during the study period in all studied age and educational groups. Lower educated age groups had similar SA trends. Younger employees with higher education had the fewest SAs. CONCLUSIONS A clear educational gradient was found in long SAs due to mental disorders during the study period. SA trends decreased from 2004 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki
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