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Woodard KT, Bailey AM, Esagoff AI, Fragala MS, Hayward JI, Hunter JL, Hsu YJ, Kim PM, Peters ME, Carr SM. A population health approach to workplace mental health: rationale, implementation and engagement. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336898. [PMID: 38699412 PMCID: PMC11064789 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe a population health-based program to support employee and dependent mental health and learn from engagement trends. Methods Retrospective analysis of a program utilizing an assessment of mental health risk. For scoring "at risk," a Care Concierge is offered to connect users with resources. Results Participation was offered to 56,442 employees and dependents. Eight thousand seven hundred thirty-one completed the assessment (15%). Of those, 4,644 (53%) scored moderate or higher. A total of 418 (9%) engaged the Care Concierge. Factors that negatively influenced the decision to engage care included bodily pain, financial concerns. Positive influences were younger age, high stress, anxiety, PTSD and low social support. Conclusion Proactive assessment plus access to a Care Concierge facilitates mental healthcare utilization. Several factors influence likelihood to engage in care. A better understanding of these factors may allow for more targeted outreach and improved engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee T. Woodard
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Allison M. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aaron I. Esagoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Yea-Jen Hsu
- The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul M. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew E. Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan M. Carr
- Johns Hopkins Healthcare, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Haapanen MJ, Törmäkangas T, von Bonsdorff ME, Strandberg AY, Strandberg TE, von Bonsdorff MB. Midlife cardiovascular health factors as predictors of retirement age, work-loss years, and years spent in retirement among older businessmen. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16526. [PMID: 37783715 PMCID: PMC10545670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of premature retirement. However, the relationship between CVD risk factors and workforce participation is not well known. We studied the relationship between midlife CVD risk, age at retirement, work-loss years, and survival in retirement. Middle-aged Finnish men (initial n = 3490, mean age = 47.8 years) were assessed for CVD risk factors and general health in the 1970s. They worked as business executives and provided information on their retirement status in the year 2000. Survival was followed up to the 9th decade of life with a follow-up of up to 44 years. Work-loss years were calculated as death or retirement occurring at age ≤ 65 years. Smoking, body mass index, and alcohol use were used as covariates, excluding models of CVD risk, which were adjusted for alcohol use only. Higher risk of 10-year fatal CVD was associated with 0.32 more years (relative risk < 1 vs. 1, covariate-adjusted β = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.53) of work-loss. Higher risk of 5-year incident (covariate-adjusted time-constant HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.19, 1.47) and 10-year fatal (covariate-adjusted time-dependent HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.30, 1.85) CVD in midlife were associated with fewer years spent in retirement. Poorer self-rated health and physical fitness and higher levels of triglycerides were associated with increased hazard of earlier retirement, more work-loss years, and fewer years spent in retirement. Poorer health and greater midlife CVD risk may be associated with earlier exit from the workforce and fewer years spent in retirement. Management of CVD risk in midlife may support people to work longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Haapanen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Monika E von Bonsdorff
- Management and Leadership, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arto Y Strandberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo E Strandberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Murphy JK, Noble JM, Chakraborty PA, Michlig G, Michalak EE, Greenshaw AJ, Lam RW. Values and preferences related to workplace mental health programs and interventions: An international survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283057. [PMID: 37756304 PMCID: PMC10530006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the perspectives of workers and managers on workplace programs and interventions that seek to promote mental wellbeing, and prevent and treat mental health conditions The results contributed supporting evidence for the development of the WHO's first global guidelines for mental health and work, which provide evidence-based recommendations to support the implementation of workplace mental health programs and supports, to improve their acceptability, appropriateness, and uptake. METHODS An international online survey was used to examine the values and preferences among workers and managers related to workplace mental health prevention, protection, promotion, and support programs and services. The survey was made available in English, French, and Spanish and recruitment consisted of convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey data. Rapid thematic qualitative analysis was used to analyse the results of open-ended questions. RESULTS N = 451 responses representing all WHO regions were included in the analysis. These results provide a unique international perspective on programs and supports for mental health at work, from the standpoint of workers and managers. Results suggest that workers value interventions developed in consultation with workers (including indicated, selective and universal interventions), increased training and capacity building among managers, and targeted interventions to address the pervasive impact of stigma on perceptions about mental health at work and help-seeking. CONCLUSION The findings of this study seek to reflect the perspectives of workers and their managers, and therein to promote improved access, availability and uptake of mental health programs and supports at work and-ultimately- to support the potential of workplaces as environments that promote and support mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K. Murphy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jasmine M. Noble
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Georgia Michlig
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Michalak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Greenshaw
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Aloia R, Priebe JA. Vorschlag eines umfassenden Modells zur Vorhersage von Präsentismus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Das Phänomen „Präsentismus“ definiert als das Verhalten von Berufstätigen, trotz Vorliegen von Krankheitssymptomen der Arbeitstätigkeit nachzugehen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene Faktoren Präsentismus beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung soll ein umfassendes Modell, das die Vorhersagequalität personenbedingter, organisationaler und arbeitsbezogener Faktoren hinsichtlich Präsentismus zeigt, entwickelt werden und damit bestehende Forschungsbefunde erweitern, um somit zu einem besseren Verständnis von Präsentismus beizutragen. Um die Fehlervarianz zu minimieren wurden über 800 Probanden eines einzigen Unternehmens befragt. Es zeigten sich Zusammenhänge von Präsentismus vor allem mit organisationalen und arbeitsbezogenen Faktoren, i.e. „Arbeitsplatzsicherheit“, „empfundene Gerechtigkeit“, „Unterstützung des Vorgesetzten“, „Funktion“ sowie „Vertretung im Krankheitsfall“, während nur „Gesundheitszustand“ als einziger personenbedingter Aspekt einen Prädiktionswert hatte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janosch A. Priebe
- Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar (MRI), Klinik für Neurologie, München
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Moreno A, Díez F, Ferreira L. Business Leadership from a Gender Perspective and Its Impact on the Work Environment and Employee's Well-Being in Companies in the Basque Country. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:30. [PMID: 35010284 PMCID: PMC8750843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
If the workplace environment is good, the health and well-being of employees will be good too. This research aims to distinguish whether there are differences when it comes to being directed by a man or a woman and whether this affects employees. An ad hoc questionnaire was applied, collecting personal information and including the MLQ-6 S. It was sent by mail and answered by 549 employees of 16 companies in the Basque Country, Spain. A total of 277 (50.5%) men and 272 (49.5%) women participated, among whom there were 63 managers. The methodology shows a double perspective of how employees understand and perceive the differences between male and female business leaders and how managers see themselves exercising this leadership. No significant differences have been perceived. Both men and women believe they make their employees feel good about exercising leadership (M = 42.11%, W = 48.00%) quite often. Employed women consider it more challenging to become leaders and reconcile their work-life. Men do not think so. Communication is the tool that women managers know best how to handle and where men seem to fail more. Working on it could achieve more business success and better health in employees.
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Ndione I, Aerts A, Barshilia A, Boch J, Rosiers SD, Ferrer JME, Saric J, Seck K, Sene BN, Steinmann P, Venkitachalam L, Shellaby JT. Fostering cardiovascular health at work - case study from Senegal. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1108. [PMID: 34112133 PMCID: PMC8194249 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the 15 million annual premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), 85% occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Affecting individuals in the prime of their lives, NCDs impose severe economic damage to economies and businesses, owing to the high mortality and morbidity within the workforce. The Novartis Foundation urban health initiative, Better Hearts Better Cities, was designed to improve cardiovascular health in Dakar, Senegal through a combination of interventions including a workplace health program. In this study, we describe the labor policy environment in Senegal and the outcomes of a Novartis Foundation-supported multisector workplace health coalition bringing together volunteering private companies. METHODS A mixed method design was applied between April 2018 and February 2020 to evaluate the workplace health program as a case study. Qualitative methods included a desk review of documents relevant to the Senegalese employment context and work environment and in-depth interviews with eight key informants including human resource representatives and physicians working in the participating companies. Quantitative methods involved an analysis of workplace health program indicators, including data on diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension in employees, provided by the coalition companies, and a cost estimate of NCD-related ill-health as compared to the investment needed for hypertension screening and awareness raising events. RESULTS Senegal has a legal and regulatory system that ensures employee protection, supports social security benefits, and promotes health and hygiene in companies. The Dakar Workplace Health Coalition comprised 18 companies, with a range of staff between 300 and 4'220, covering 36'268 employees in total. Interviews suggested that the main enablers for workplace program success were strong leadership support within the company and a central coordination mechanism for the program. The main barrier to monitor progress and outcomes was the reluctance of companies to share data. Four companies provided aggregated anonymized cohort data, documenting a total of 21'392 hypertension screenings and an increasing trend in blood pressure control (from 34% in Q4 2018 to 39% in Q2 2019) in employees who received antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSION Evidence on workplace health and wellness programs in Africa is scarce. This study highlights how private sector companies can play a significant role in improving cardiovascular population health in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Aerts
- Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jasmina Saric
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lohaus D, Habermann W, El Kertoubi I, Röser F. Working While Ill Is Not Always Bad-Positive Effects of Presenteeism. Front Psychol 2021; 11:620918. [PMID: 33551933 PMCID: PMC7862752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism-going to work while ill-is a widespread phenomenon worldwide. Previous research has concentrated mainly on its negative effects. This study investigates the positive consequences of presenteeism derived from a comprehensive content model of presenteeism that was developed on the basis of negative effects. In a quantitative online-survey employees (N = 181) rated the degree of experienced or potential positive effects depending on whether they had worked while ill (75%) or not (25%) during the previous year. Results revealed that all postulated positive effects described in the content model were relevant. Most positive effects were rated significantly higher by participants who had shown presenteeism in comparison to those who had not. The positive effects significantly predicted presenteeism propensity (adjusted R 2 = 0.20) for participants having shown presenteeism. In addition, an overall rating of positive effects was significantly related to presenteeism, however, to a lesser degree. Overall, the results demonstrate the applicability of the content model to positive effects of presenteeism. They point to the need for further investigation of them and their consideration for the management of presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lohaus
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Isam El Kertoubi
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Röser
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Bayram M, Burgazoglu H. The Relationships Between Control Measures and Absenteeism in the Context of Internal Control. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:443-449. [PMID: 33329910 PMCID: PMC7728821 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study tries to show the effect of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislation implemented via plan-do-check-act methodology on accident and sickness absenteeism. Methods The data for the study gathered via a questionnaire from a large-sized organization operates in production and maintenance of passenger coaches in February–March 2019 in Turkey. The data analyzed via structural equation model analysis. Results The results showed that there are statistically meaningful relationships between OHS protective measures, training and informing of employees, and employee participation and accident and sickness absenteeism. In addition, a meaningful relationship between internal control and accident and sickness absenteeism was determined. Statistically meaningful relationships between emergency measures, and health surveillance and internal control, and accident and sickness absenteeism could not be determined. Conclusion It is concluded that the actions implemented by organizations to reduce absenteeism should be as per OHS legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Bayram
- Business School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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9
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Prochaska JJ, Brown-Johnson C, Baiocchi M, Lazaro AS, Chieng A, Stinson S, Anzai N. Treating tobacco dependence to aid re-employment among job-seekers: A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2020; 141:106259. [PMID: 33022318 PMCID: PMC7704695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION U.S. reductions in smoking have not been experienced equally. Smoking prevalence is greater among persons of lower education, lower income, and unemployed. We evaluated whether a cessation intervention for job-seekers would result in significantly fewer cigarettes smoked per day and a greater likelihood of tobacco abstinence and re-employment, compared to the control condition at 6-months follow-up. METHODS Unemployed, job-seekers who smoked daily were recruited from five employment development departments in the San Francisco Bay Area, October 2015 to February 2018. Intention to quit smoking was not required. Participants were randomized to a brief motivationally-tailored, computer-assisted counseling intervention or referred to a toll-free quitline. Midstudy, 8-weeks of combination nicotine replacement was added to the intervention. Expired carbon monoxide and cotinine testing verified abstinence. Data were analyzed fall 2019. RESULTS Participants (N = 360; 70% men; 43% African American, 27% non-Hispanic Caucasian; 19% unhoused) averaged 12 cigarettes/day (SD = 6), 67% smoked within 30 min of wakening; 27% were in preparation stage to quit. During the 6-month study period, intervention participants were more likely to make a quit attempt (71% vs. 58%, p = .021) and reported significantly greater reduction in cigarettes/day than control participants (median reduction: 6.9 vs. 5.0, p = .038); however, bioconfirmed abstinence (3%) and re-employment (36%) did not differ by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS In a diverse sample with economic hardships, quit attempts and smoking reduction were greater in the intervention group; however, few achieved abstinence, and neither abstinence nor re-employment differed by condition. A priority group, further research is needed on smoking and re-employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
| | - Cati Brown-Johnson
- Evaluation Sciences Unit, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Baiocchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Adrienne S Lazaro
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Amy Chieng
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Stinson
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicole Anzai
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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10
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Musich S, Wang SS, Schaeffer JA, Kraemer S, Wicker E, Yeh CS. The additive impact of multiple psychosocial protective factors on selected health outcomes among older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2020; 42:502-508. [PMID: 32998841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the additive properties of five psychosocial protective factors: purpose-in-life, resilience, optimism, internal locus of control and social connections. Self-reported psychological (depression, stress) and physical (health status, functionality) health outcomes and measured healthcare utilization and expenditures were included. The study sample was identified from adults age ≥65 who completed a health survey during May-June 2019 (N = 3,577). Each of the five protective factors was dichotomized as high/low (1/0) and counted with equal weighting. The protective factors were additive such that significant improvements in psychological and physical health outcomes were evident across factor subgroups: as the number of factors increased, health outcomes improved. The magnitude of the improvements was greatest between 0 and 1 factor. In addition, a significant linear trend for reduced healthcare expenditures ($1,356 reduction per factor added) was evident. Interventions promoting at least one protective factor would be beneficial for older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Musich
- Research for Aging Populations, Optum, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Shaohung S Wang
- Research for Aging Populations, Optum, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - James A Schaeffer
- Research for Aging Populations, Optum, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Medicare & Retirement, UnitedHealthcare Alliances, PO Box 9472, Minneapolis, MN 55440, USA
| | - Ellen Wicker
- AARP Services, Inc., 601 E. Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20049, USA
| | - Charlotte S Yeh
- AARP Services, Inc., 601 E. Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20049, USA
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11
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Pei P, Lin G, Li G, Zhu Y, Xi X. The association between doctors' presenteeism and job burnout: a cross-sectional survey study in China. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:715. [PMID: 32746808 PMCID: PMC7398254 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary to examine doctors working with illness from a professional point of view, because it is not only related to their occupational health, but more importantly, will affect the treatment effect of patients and the overall medical level of the hospital. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between doctors' presenteeism and job burnout, and to identify other factors that are associated with presenteeism. METHODS A cross-sectional survey involving doctors (except for primary doctors) was conducted in China. Using one item measure about presenteeism and a 15-item Chinese version of the BMI-GS questionnaire, this study investigated prevalence of doctors' presenteeism and job burnout, and determined the relationship between presenteeism and job burnout by logistical model. RESULTS Relationship between presenteeism and job burnout were explored, and the influence of work factors were evaluated. The survey was completed by 1376/1547 hospital doctors, with a response rate of 88.9%. Presenteeism was reported by 30.7% of participants. Using MBI-GS, 86.8% of all doctors had moderate job burnout and 6.0%(n = 82) were severe job burnout. Logistic regression analysis showed that doctors with medium, high degree of emotional exhaustion and high degree of cynicism were more likely to practice presenteeism (all p < 0.05). In addition, two other work-related factors, including the doctors' department and position, were also likely to relate with presenteeism (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS By examining the relationship between presenteeism and job burnout, this study determined that there is indeed a significant correlation between the two. This result has a certain reference value for the development of work health, especially presenteeism and job burnout theory, and also makes a certain contribution to the relevant research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy and Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Lin
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy and Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy and Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy and Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy and Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Goetzel RZ, Henke RM, Head MA, Benevent R, Rhee K. Ten Modifiable Health Risk Factors and Employees' Medical Costs-An Update. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:490-499. [PMID: 32295381 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120917850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the relationship between employees' health risks and health-care costs to inform health promotion program design. DESIGN An observational study of person-level health-care claims and health risk assessment (HRA) data that used regression models to estimate the relationship between 10 modifiable risk factors and subsequent year 1 health-care costs. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS The sample included active, full-time, adult employees continuously enrolled in employer-sponsored health insurance plans contributing to IBM MarketScan Research Databases who completed an HRA. Study criteria were met by 135 219 employees from 11 employers. MEASURES Ten modifiable risk factors and individual sociodemographic and health characteristics were included in the models as independent variables. Five settings of health-care costs were outcomes in addition to total expenditures. ANALYSIS After building the analytic file, we estimated generalized linear models and conducted postestimation bootstrapping. RESULTS Health-care costs were significantly higher for employees at higher risk for blood glucose, obesity, stress, depression, and physical inactivity (all at P < .0001) than for those at lower risk. Similar cost differentials were found when specific health-care services were examined. CONCLUSION Employers may achieve cost savings in the short run by implementing comprehensive health promotion programs that focus on decreasing multiple health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Z Goetzel
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,IBM Watson Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyu Rhee
- IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Parkinson MD, Hammonds T, Keyser DJ, Wheeler JR, Peele PB. Impact of Physician Referral to Health Coaching on Patient Engagement and Health Risks: An Observational Study of UPMC's Prescription for Wellness. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:366-375. [PMID: 32048859 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate impact of physician referral to health coaching on patient engagement and health risk reduction. DESIGN Four-year retrospective, observational cohort study with propensity-matched pair comparisons. SETTING Integrated delivery and finance system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. SAMPLE 10 457 adult insured members referred to health coaching by their physician; 37 864 other members identified for health coaching through insurer-initiated outreach. INTERVENTION Practice-based, technology-supported workflow and process for physician prescribing of health coaching during regular office visit, with follow-up on patient's progress and implementation supports. MEASURES Patient engagement based on completion of pre-enrollment assessment, formal enrollment in health coaching, completion of required sessions, health risk levels, and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching referral. ANALYSIS Difference-in-difference analysis to assess change in health risk levels and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching and probability weighting to control for potential confounding between groups. RESULTS Members referred by a physician were significantly more likely to enroll in a health coaching program (21.0% vs 6.0%, P < .001) and complete the program requirements (8.5% vs 2.7%, P < .001) than when referred by insurer-initiated outreach; significant within group improvement in health risk levels from baseline (P < .001) was observed for both the groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients are significantly more likely to engage in health coaching when a referral is made by a physician; engagement in health coaching significantly improves health risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Parkinson
- Health and Productivity, UPMC Health Plan and WorkPartners, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Hammonds
- Health Economics, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna J Keyser
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennie R Wheeler
- Health and Productivity, UPMC Health Plan and WorkPartners, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pamela B Peele
- Health Economics, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Ruhle SA, Breitsohl H, Aboagye E, Baba V, Biron C, Correia Leal C, Dietz C, Ferreira AI, Gerich J, Johns G, Karanika-Murray M, Lohaus D, Løkke A, Lopes SL, Martinez LF, Miraglia M, Muschalla B, Poethke U, Sarwat N, Schade H, Steidelmüller C, Vinberg S, Whysall Z, Yang T. “To work, or not to work, that is the question” – Recent trends and avenues for research on presenteeism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1704734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Ruhle
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Breitsohl
- Human Resources, Leadership, and Organization, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - E. Aboagye
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V. Baba
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C. Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - C. Correia Leal
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Dietz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. I. Ferreira
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Gerich
- Institute for Sociology, Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - G. Johns
- John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - D. Lohaus
- Department of Business Psychology, University of Applied SciencesDarmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Løkke
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S. L. Lopes
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. F. Martinez
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - M. Miraglia
- University of Liverpool Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. Muschalla
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U. Poethke
- Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. Sarwat
- Institute of Management Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - H. Schade
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - C. Steidelmüller
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Z. Whysall
- Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - T. Yang
- Faculty of Organization and Human Resource, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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15
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Mental Health in the Workplace: A Call to Action Proceedings From the Mental Health in the Workplace-Public Health Summit. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:322-330. [PMID: 29280775 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to declare a call to action to improve mental health in the workplace. METHODS We convened a public health summit and assembled an Advisory Council consisting of experts in the field of occupational health and safety, workplace wellness, and public policy to offer recommendations for action steps to improve health and well-being of workers. RESULTS The Advisory Council narrowed the list of ideas to four priority projects. CONCLUSIONS The recommendations for action include developing a mental health in the workplace (1) "how to" guide, (2) scorecard, (3) recognition program, and (4) executive training.
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16
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Schwatka NV, Smith D, Weitzenkamp D, Atherly A, Dally MJ, Brockbank CVS, Tenney L, Goetzel RZ, Jinnett K, McMillen J, Newman LS. The Impact of Worksite Wellness Programs by Size of Business: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study of Participation, Health Benefits, Absenteeism, and Presenteeism. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:S42-S54. [PMID: 30212884 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Worksite wellness programs (WWP) may positively impact employee health, medical expenditures, absenteeism, and presenteeism. However, there has been little research to assess the benefits of WWP in small businesses. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate changes in health, absenteeism, and presenteeism for employees who participated in a WWP. Methods We conducted an observational, 3-year cohort study of 5766 employees from 314 businesses of differing sizes. We followed two cohorts of employees, who completed at least two annual health risk assessments (HRA) between May 2010 and December 2014. Changes from baseline to the first and second follow-up periods were assessed for chronic and non-chronic health conditions, absenteeism, and presenteeism. Results Small business employees were more likely to participate in the WWP than were employees from large businesses. Changes in chronic and non-chronic health conditions varied by size of business, with small business employees showing improvements in stress, overall health, depression, smoking status, vegetable and fruit consumption, and physical activity, and in their perceptions of job health culture. In contrast, large business employees experienced improvements in stress, vegetable consumption, and alcohol use. No changes in absenteeism or presenteeism were observed. Conclusions Small businesses achieve higher employee participation rates and more health improvements when compared to employees from large employers. Findings suggest that small businesses may gain the most from a WWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Schwatka
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Center for Health, Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Weitzenkamp
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Center for Health, Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam Atherly
- Department of Health Systems, Management and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miranda J Dally
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Liliana Tenney
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ron Z Goetzel
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.,IBM Watson Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Jinnett
- Center for Workforce Health and Performance, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Health and Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lee S Newman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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17
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18
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Jeffery AD, Hewner S, Pruinelli L, Lekan D, Lee M, Gao G, Holbrook L, Sylvia M. Risk prediction and segmentation models used in the United States for assessing risk in whole populations: a critical literature review with implications for nurses' role in population health management. JAMIA Open 2019; 2:205-214. [PMID: 31984354 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to assess the current state of risk prediction and segmentation models (RPSM) that focus on whole populations. Materials Academic literature databases (ie MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and CINAHL), environmental scan, and Google search engine. Methods We conducted a critical review of the literature focused on RPSMs predicting hospitalizations, emergency department visits, or health care costs. Results We identified 35 distinct RPSMs among 37 different journal articles (n = 31), websites (n = 4), and abstracts (n = 2). Most RPSMs (57%) defined their population as health plan enrollees while fewer RPSMs (26%) included an age-defined population (26%) and/or geographic boundary (26%). Most RPSMs (51%) focused on predicting hospital admissions, followed by costs (43%) and emergency department visits (31%), with some models predicting more than one outcome. The most common predictors were age, gender, and diagnostic codes included in 82%, 77%, and 69% of models, respectively. Discussion Our critical review of existing RPSMs has identified a lack of comprehensive models that integrate data from multiple sources for application to whole populations. Highly depending on diagnostic codes to define high-risk populations overlooks the functional, social, and behavioral factors that are of great significance to health. Conclusion More emphasis on including nonbilling data and providing holistic perspectives of individuals is needed in RPSMs. Nursing-generated data could be beneficial in addressing this gap, as they are structured, frequently generated, and tend to focus on key health status elements like functional status and social/behavioral determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin D Jeffery
- Department of Veterans Affairs and Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Informatics, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sharon Hewner
- Family, Community and Health Systems Science Department, University at Buffalo School of Nursing, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lisiane Pruinelli
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deborah Lekan
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mikyoung Lee
- College of Nursing, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Grace Gao
- Department of Nursing, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Martha Sylvia
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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19
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Esser A, Kraus T, Tautz A, Minten H, Lang J. Building an allostatic load index from data of occupational medical checkup examinations: a feasibility study. Stress 2019; 22:9-16. [PMID: 30348041 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1492537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The allostatic load index (ALI) assesses the physiological adaption to chronic stress by cumulative changes in the circulation, respiration, inflammation, metabolic and anthropometric systems. The ALI thus can function as a risk marker for secondary prevention in occupational medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of creating a predictive marker by using data from an executive checkup program of an international company and to examine its relationship to work-related surrogate health parameters. Datasets from 307 examinations of 151 executives (19 males and 132 females) were available. Each participant attended at least one checkup examination between 2003 and 2015. The mean age was 43.6 (SD ±6.6, 31-64y). We developed four different ALIs with different biomarkers of the cardio-vascular, immune, metabolic and anthropometric systems. As a primary mediator, the thyroid-stimulating hormone was used as a proxy. For each ALI, the associations with the work ability index (WAI) and categories of sick leave days (SLD) were examined. Zero inflation was considered for SLD. One ALI showed a significant negative association with the WAI (B = -0.680, SE =0.266, p = .049). The results of a second ALI had a similar trend (B= -0.355, SE =0.201, p = .081). After adjustment for zero inflation two other ALIs showed a positive association with SLD. This study provides the first hints that biomarkers form a secondary prevention program are useful in calculating a meaningful ALI. Thus, the concept of allostatic load could be used in workplace health-promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Esser
- a Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- a Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Andreas Tautz
- b Corporate Health Management Germany , Deutsche Post DHL Group, Headquarters , Bonn , Germany
| | - Helmut Minten
- b Corporate Health Management Germany , Deutsche Post DHL Group, Headquarters , Bonn , Germany
| | - Jessica Lang
- a Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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20
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Medical Claims According to Wellness Program Participation for a Large Insurance Company in the United States. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:985-989. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Street TD, Lacey SJ. Accounting for employee health: The productivity cost of leading health risks. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:228-237. [PMID: 30168878 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Workplace health promotion and protection" broadly refers to an integrated approach to workplace health and safety initiatives. There are substantial benefits to adopting such an approach, including the potential for: improvements to individual employees' health and well-being; increased productivity; and reduced safety risks and expenses. Yet many employers remain reluctant to shift from traditional safety initiatives and spending. This paper aims to demonstrate the value of investing in an integrated health promotion and protection approach by calculating the productivity costs associated with 11 modifiable health risks and 14 chronic conditions in an Australian mining company. METHOD Eight hundred and ninety-seven employees participated in a self-report health survey aimed at investigating employee health behaviours, health conditions and productivity. RESULTS Overall, modifiable health risks and chronic health conditions were calculated to contribute to an estimated $22.15 million (AUD) and $7.95 million (AUD) in lost productivity per 1000 employees per annum, respectively. Although employee stress was identified as the third highest prevalence health risk across the employee sample (at 42%), it accounted for the highest financial burden. CONCLUSION Employee health plays a vital role in the profitability, productivity, and safety outcomes of an organisation. For modifiable health risks and chronic conditions, ailments that affected cognition resulted in the highest financial burden (ie, stress and migraine headaches). SO WHAT?: These findings make a strong financial and business case for the integration of preventative health and safety initiatives, with particular emphasis on modifiable health risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D Street
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Qld, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lacey
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Qld, Australia
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22
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Association Between Exercise Frequency and Health Care Costs Among Employees at a Large University and Academic Medical Center. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:1167-1174. [PMID: 27930473 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise frequency and health care costs associated with medical and pharmacy claims among a 10-year employee cohort. METHODS The relationship between self-reported exercise (days/week) and health care costs was analyzed with negative binomial regression, using an integrated database involving 32,044 person-years and linking employee demographics, health risk appraisal information, and health insurance claims. RESULTS An association demonstrating exercise frequency lowering health care costs was present in most medical and prescription drug categories and was strongest among employees reporting 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 days/week of exercise. Increased exercise was associated with statistically significant reductions in endocrine disease costs and gastrointestinal prescription drug costs. CONCLUSIONS This cohort demonstrates lower health care costs in employee populations when exercise frequency is increased. Employers may lower modifiable risk factors for chronic disease and reduce health care costs by promoting exercise among their employee population.
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23
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Morois S, Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Leclerc A, Limosin F, Goldberg S, Herquelot E, Goldberg M, Zins M. Daily alcohol consumption and sickness absence in the GAZEL cohort. Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:482-488. [PMID: 28339654 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background : Previous studies that examined the association between daily alcohol consumption and sickness absences (SA) were mostly retrospective and did not take into account the characteristics of SA. : A total of 9907 daily drinkers (8442 men and 1465 women) of the GAZEL prospective cohort were included. Daily alcohol consumption over the three previous years was self-reported at baseline and categorized as low, moderate, high or very high risk according to the World Health Organization. Duration of SA (short: ≤7 days; moderate: 8-28; long: >28) was collected from administrative records as well as causes for long SA. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate Risk Ratios of SA according to alcohol consumption with low-risk category as reference. : Duration of follow-up (in years) for SA was 8.4 ± 3.7 in men and 11.2 ± 5.4 in women. Increasing alcohol consumption predicted increasing risk of SA with a dose-response relationship ( P < 0.01 for men; P = 0.01 for women). In men, strength of this association increased with SA duration [e.g. RRs from 1.41 (95% CI: 1.12-1.79) to 2.12 (95% CI: 1.49-3.00) in the very high-risk category, for short and long SA, respectively]. In men, even a moderate consumption predicted increased risk of SA whatever their duration (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07-1.23). In women, a moderate consumption predicted only long SA (RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.00-1.50). Daily alcohol consumption was associated with almost all causes of long SA in men, and with respiratory diseases, digestive diseases and injury in women. : We found a dose-response relationship between daily alcohol consumption and the risk of SA. Even moderate consumption could increase this risk, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Morois
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, 75015 Paris, France.,Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, U894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Annette Leclerc
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, 75015 Paris, France.,Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, U894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stephen Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Eléonore Herquelot
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Brborović H, Daka Q, Dakaj K, Brborović O. Antecedents and associations of sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism in nurses: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Pract 2017; 23. [PMID: 29094426 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study comprehensively analysed and systemized the elements associated with nursing sickness presenteeism (SP) and sickness absenteeism (SA). BACKGROUND Both behaviours represent a real challenge to nursing departments because they can increase costs, cause health care adverse events, and impact the quality of health care. DESIGN The systematic review of cohort studies was designed to be consistent with the PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES PubMed, ProQuest, and Emerald were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles published from the 1950s to December 2016. REVIEW METHODS Cohort studies were included (12 SA and 1 SP) in the review if they examined the association between one or more exposures and SP and/or SA in nurses. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Twenty-three antecedents were associated with SA and grouped as work and organizational, mental and physical health, and demographic; 3 antecedents were associated with SP (job demands, burnout, and exhaustion). Exhaustion (fatigue) and job demands were associated with SA and SP. Depersonalization was an outcome of SP over time. CONCLUSION The ability to predict presenteeism and absenteeism in nursing is useful to constrain costs and ensure that quality care is delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brborović
- School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Sports Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Qëndresë Daka
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Ognjen Brborović
- School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine and Organization of Health Care, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Ding D, Kolbe-Alexander T, Nguyen B, Katzmarzyk PT, Pratt M, Lawson KD. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a systematic review and critical appraisal. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1392-1409. [PMID: 28446455 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the literature on the economic burden of physical inactivity in populations, with emphases on appraising the methodologies and providing recommendations for future studies. DESIGN Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016047705). DATA SOURCES Electronic databases for peer-reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched, followed by reference searching and consultation with experts. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that examined the economic consequences of physical inactivity in a population/population-based sample, with clearly stated methodologies and at least an abstract/summary written in English. RESULTS Of the 40 eligible studies, 27 focused on direct healthcare costs only, 13 also estimated indirect costs and one study additionally estimated household costs. For direct costs, 23 studies used a population attributable fraction (PAF) approach with estimated healthcare costs attributable to physical inactivity ranging from 0.3% to 4.6% of national healthcare expenditure; 17 studies used an econometric approach, which tended to yield higher estimates than those using a PAF approach. For indirect costs, 10 studies used a human capital approach, two used a friction cost approach and one used a value of a statistical life approach. Overall, estimates varied substantially, even within the same country, depending on analytical approaches, time frame and other methodological considerations. CONCLUSION Estimating the economic burden of physical inactivity is an area of increasing importance that requires further development. There is a marked lack of consistency in methodological approaches and transparency of reporting. Future studies could benefit from cross-disciplinary collaborations involving economists and physical activity experts, taking a societal perspective and following best practices in conducting and reporting analysis, including accounting for potential confounding, reverse causality and comorbidity, applying discounting and sensitivity analysis, and reporting assumptions, limitations and justifications for approaches taken. We have adapted the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist as a guide for future estimates of the economic burden of physical inactivity and other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Tracy Kolbe-Alexander
- Department of Human Biology, Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael Pratt
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kenny D Lawson
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Yim HY, Seo HJ, Cho Y, Kim J. Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in Relationship between Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention among Nurses at Veterans Administration Hospitals in Korea. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2017; 11:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in an Employed Population as Determined by Analysis of Three Data Sources. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:161-168. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Page NC, Nilsson VO. Active Commuting: Workplace Health Promotion for Improved Employee Well-Being and Organizational Behavior. Front Psychol 2017; 7:1994. [PMID: 28119640 PMCID: PMC5222872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This paper describes a behavior change intervention that encourages active commuting using electrically assisted bikes (e-bikes) for health promotion in the workplace. This paper presents the preliminary findings of the intervention’s impact on improving employee well-being and organizational behavior, as an indicator of potential business success. Method: Employees of a UK-based organization participated in a workplace travel behavior change intervention and used e-bikes as an active commuting mode; this was a change to their usual passive commuting behavior. The purpose of the intervention was to develop employee well-being and organizational behavior for improved business success. We explored the personal benefits and organizational co-benefits of active commuting and compared these to a travel-as-usual group of employees who did not change their behavior and continued taking non-active commutes. Results: Employees who changed their behavior to active commuting reported more positive affect, better physical health and more productive organizational behavior outcomes compared with passive commuters. In addition, there was an interactive effect of commuting mode and commuting distance: a more frequent active commute was positively associated with more productive organizational behavior and stronger overall positive employee well-being whereas a longer passive commute was associated with poorer well-being, although there was no impact on organizational behavior. Conclusion: This research provides emerging evidence of the value of an innovative workplace health promotion initiative focused on active commuting in protecting and improving employee well-being and organizational behavior for stronger business performance. It considers the significant opportunities for organizations pursuing improved workforce well-being, both in terms of employee health, and for improved organizational behavior and business success.
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Byrne DW, Rolando LA, Aliyu MH, McGown PW, Connor LR, Awalt BM, Holmes MC, Wang L, Yarbrough MI. Modifiable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: 10-Year Health Outcomes From a Health Promotion Program. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:1027-1037. [PMID: 27866595 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have examined the impact of healthy lifestyle choices on health-related outcomes; however, given their fragmented, often cross-sectional nature, assessing the relative impact of daily modifiable behaviors on overall long-term outcomes, particularly for a diverse working adult population, remains challenging. METHODS Relationships between ten self-reported healthy lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes during the subsequent 9 years in a cohort of 10,248 participants enrolled during 2003 in a voluntary workplace wellness program were assessed. Cox proportional-hazards models computed hazard ratios (HRs) for lifestyle characteristics associated with time to one of seven self-reported chronic diseases or death. Data were collected between 2003 and 2012 and analyzed between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS Behaviors that most significantly affected future outcomes were low-fat diet, aerobic exercise, nonsmoking, and adequate sleep. A dose-response effect was seen between dietary fat intake and hypertension, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia. After dietary fat intake, aerobic exercise was the next most significant behavior associated with development of outcomes. Compared with sedentary participants, those who exercised 4 days per week were less likely to develop new-onset diabetes (HR=0.31, 95% CI=0.20, 0.48); heart disease (HR=0.46, 95% CI=0.27, 0.80); and hypercholesterolemia (HR=0.61, 95% CI=0.50, 0.74). Low-fat diet and adequate sleep were more significant than commonly promoted healthy behaviors, such as eating a daily breakfast. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable lifestyle behaviors targeted in health promotion programs should be prioritized in an evidence-based manner. Top priorities for workplace health promotion should include low-fat diet, aerobic exercise, nonsmoking, and adequate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Byrne
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Lori A Rolando
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula W McGown
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa R Connor
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bradley M Awalt
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marilyn C Holmes
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mary I Yarbrough
- Vanderbilt Faculty/Staff Health and Wellness, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Sidney JA, Jones A, Coberley C, Pope JE, Wells A. The well-being valuation model: a method for monetizing the nonmarket good of individual well-being. HEALTH SERVICES AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2016; 17:84-100. [PMID: 28239262 PMCID: PMC5306175 DOI: 10.1007/s10742-016-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to advance the evaluation and monetization of well-being improvement programs, offered by population health management companies, by presenting a novel method that robustly monetizes the entirety of well-being improvement within a population. This was achieved by utilizing two employers' well-being assessments with medical and pharmacy administrative claims (2010-2011) across a large national employer (n = 50,647) and regional employer (n = 6170) data sets. This retrospective study sought to monetize both direct and indirect value of well-being improvement across a population whose medical costs are covered by an employer, insurer, and/or government entity. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate disease incidence rates and input-output modelling was used to measure indirect effects of well-being improvement. These methodological components removed the burden of specifying an exhaustive number of regression models, which would be difficult in small populations. Members who improved their well-being were less likely to become diseased. This reduction saved, per avoided occurrence, US$3060 of total annual health care costs. Of the members who were diseased, improvement in well-being equated to annual savings of US$62 while non-diseased members saved US$26. The method established here demonstrates the linkage between improved well-being and improved outcomes while maintaining applicability in varying populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Sidney
- Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc., 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, TN 37067 USA
| | - Ashlin Jones
- Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc., 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, TN 37067 USA
| | - Carter Coberley
- Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc., 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, TN 37067 USA
| | - James E. Pope
- Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc., 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, TN 37067 USA
| | - Aaron Wells
- Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc., 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, TN 37067 USA
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Schwatka NV, Atherly A, Dally MJ, Fang H, vS Brockbank C, Tenney L, Goetzel RZ, Jinnett K, Witter R, Reynolds S, McMillen J, Newman LS. Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:14-23. [PMID: 27530688 PMCID: PMC5241501 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the predictive relationships between employee health risk factors (HRFs) and workers' compensation (WC) claim occurrence and costs. METHODS Logistic regression and generalised linear models were used to estimate the predictive association between HRFs and claim occurrence and cost among a cohort of 16 926 employees from 314 large, medium and small businesses across multiple industries. First, unadjusted (HRFs only) models were estimated, and second, adjusted (HRFs plus demographic and work organisation variables) were estimated. RESULTS Unadjusted models demonstrated that several HRFs were predictive of WC claim occurrence and cost. After adjusting for demographic and work organisation differences between employees, many of the relationships previously established did not achieve statistical significance. Stress was the only HRF to display a consistent relationship with claim occurrence, though the type of stress mattered. Stress at work was marginally predictive of a higher odds of incurring a WC claim (p<0.10). Stress at home and stress over finances were predictive of higher and lower costs of claims, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The unadjusted model results indicate that HRFs are predictive of future WC claims. However, the disparate findings between unadjusted and adjusted models indicate that future research is needed to examine the multilevel relationship between employee demographics, organisational factors, HRFs and WC claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Schwatka
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work, and Environment and Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam Atherly
- Department of Health Systems, Management & Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Miranda J Dally
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work, and Environment and Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liliana Tenney
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work, and Environment and Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ron Z Goetzel
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, and Truven Health Analytics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Roxana Witter
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work, and Environment and Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Lee S Newman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Health, Work, and Environment and Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Klatt MD, Sieck C, Gascon G, Malarkey W, Huerta T. A healthcare utilization cost comparison between employees receiving a worksite mindfulness or a diet/exercise lifestyle intervention to matched controls 5 years post intervention. Complement Ther Med 2016; 27:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hartman L, van Dongen JM, Hildebrandt VH, Strijk JE. The Role of Vitality in the Relationship Between a Healthy Lifestyle and Societal Costs of Health Care and Lost Productivity: A Mediation Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2016; 30:465-74. [PMID: 27445327 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116658182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the mediating effect of vitality in the relationship between healthy lifestyle characteristics and health-care and productivity-related costs. DESIGN Observational prospective cohort study with 2 measurements. Online questionnaires were filled out in 2013 (T0) and 2014 (T1). SETTING A random sample of a Dutch online interview panel was obtained. SUBJECTS Data of 4231 Dutch adults who had complete data at T0 and T1 were used in the present study. Participants were representative for the Dutch adult population in terms of age, gender, and having chronic disease(s). MEASURES Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI), vitality, and health-care and productivity-related costs. The HLI consisted of the sum of 6 healthy lifestyle characteristics, including a healthy BMI (yes/no), meeting physical activity, fruit, vegetable, and alcohol consumption guidelines (yes/no), and smoking status (yes: non or former smoker/no: current smoker). Health-care and productivity-related costs were measured using a utilization questionnaire. ANALYSIS Linear regression analysis. RESULTS The HLI was related to vitality. In addition, vitality was related to health-care costs and productivity-related costs. Furthermore, vitality was found to transmit 28.4% of the effect of HLI on health-care costs and 39.4% of the effect of HLI on productivity-related costs. CONCLUSION Lifestyle was related to vitality and vitality to health-care and productivity-related costs. Vitality mediated the relationship between lifestyle and health-care and productivity-related costs. Therefore, we recommend to sustain and improve both vitality and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hartman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J M van Dongen
- Department of Health Sciences & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V H Hildebrandt
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J E Strijk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Does Worksite Culture of Health (CoH) Matter to Employees? Empirical Evidence Using Job-Related Metrics. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:448-54. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prochaska JJ, Michalek AK, Brown-Johnson C, Daza EJ, Baiocchi M, Anzai N, Rogers A, Grigg M, Chieng A. Likelihood of Unemployed Smokers vs Nonsmokers Attaining Reemployment in a One-Year Observational Study. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176:662-70. [PMID: 27065044 PMCID: PMC5111825 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Studies in the United States and Europe have found higher smoking prevalence among unemployed job seekers relative to employed workers. While consistent, the extant epidemiologic investigations of smoking and work status have been cross-sectional, leaving it underdetermined whether tobacco use is a cause or effect of unemployment. OBJECTIVE To examine differences in reemployment by smoking status in a 12-month period. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational 2-group study was conducted from September 10, 2013, to August 15, 2015, in employment service settings in the San Francisco Bay Area (California). Participants were 131 daily smokers and 120 nonsmokers, all of whom were unemployed job seekers. Owing to the study's observational design, a propensity score analysis was conducted using inverse probability weighting with trimmed observations. Including covariates of time out of work, age, education, race/ethnicity, and perceived health status as predictors of smoking status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Reemployment at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Of the 251 study participants, 165 (65.7) were men, with a mean (SD) age of 48 (11) years; 96 participants were white (38.2%), 90 were black (35.9%), 24 were Hispanic (9.6%), 18 were Asian (7.2%), and 23 were multiracial or other race (9.2%); 78 had a college degree (31.1%), 99 were unstably housed (39.4%), 70 lacked reliable transportation (27.9%), 52 had a criminal history (20.7%), and 72 had received prior treatment for alcohol or drug use (28.7%). Smokers consumed a mean (SD) of 13.5 (8.2) cigarettes per day at baseline. At 12-month follow-up (217 participants retained [86.5%]), 60 of 108 nonsmokers (55.6%) were reemployed compared with 29 of 109 smokers (26.6%) (unadjusted risk difference, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15-0.42). With 6% of analysis sample observations trimmed, the estimated risk difference indicated that nonsmokers were 30% (95% CI, 12%-48%) more likely on average to be reemployed at 1 year relative to smokers. Results of a sensitivity analysis with additional covariates of sex, stable housing, reliable transportation, criminal history, and prior treatment for alcohol or drug use (25.3% of observations trimmed) reduced the difference in employment attributed to smoking status to 24% (95% CI, 7%-39%), which was still a significant difference. Among those reemployed at 1 year, the average hourly wage for smokers was significantly lower (mean [SD], $15.10 [$4.68]) than for nonsmokers (mean [SD], $20.27 [$10.54]; F(1,86) = 6.50, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively track reemployment success by smoking status. Smokers had a lower likelihood of reemployment at 1 year and were paid significantly less than nonsmokers when reemployed. Treatment of tobacco use in unemployment service settings is worth testing for increasing reemployment success and financial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Anne K Michalek
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine Brown-Johnson
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eric J Daza
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael Baiocchi
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicole Anzai
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Amy Rogers
- San Francisco Department of Veteran Affairs, San Francisco, California
| | - Mia Grigg
- Buckelew Programs Residential Support Services, San Rafael, California
| | - Amy Chieng
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Holton MK, Barry AE, Chaney JD. Employee stress management: An examination of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies on employee health. Work 2016; 53:299-305. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-152145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kim Holton
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam E. Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J. Don Chaney
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Impact of a Workplace Health Promotion Program on Employees' Blood Pressure in a Public University. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148307. [PMID: 26840508 PMCID: PMC4739732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace health promotion is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases among employees. Previous workplace health programs have shown benefits such as lowered disease prevalence, reduced medical costs and improved productivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a 6-year workplace health promotion program on employees' blood pressure in a public university. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we included 1,365 employees enrolled in the university's workplace health promotion program, a program conducted since 2008 and using data from the 2008-2013 follow-up period. Participants were permanent employees aged 35 years and above, with at least one follow up measurements and no change in antihypertensive medication during the study period. Baseline socio-demographic information was collected using a questionnaire while anthropometry measurements and resting blood pressure were collected during annual health screening. Changes in blood pressure over time were analyzed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS The systolic blood pressure in the hypertension subgroup decreased 2.36 mmHg per year (p<0.0001). There was also significant improvement in systolic blood pressure among the participants who were at risk of hypertension (-0.75 mmHg, p<0.001). The diastolic blood pressure among the hypertensive and at risk subgroups improved 1.76 mmHg/year (p<0.001) and 0.56 mmHg/year (p<0.001), respectively. However, there was no change in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among participants in the healthy subgroup over the 6-year period. CONCLUSION This study shows that continuing participation in workplace health promotion program has the potential to improve blood pressure levels among employees.
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Estimating the return on investment from a health risk management program offered to small Colorado-based employers. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 56:554-60. [PMID: 24806569 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether changes in health risks for workers in small businesses can produce medical and productivity cost savings. METHODS A 1-year pre- and posttest study tracked changes in 10 modifiable health risks for 2458 workers at 121 Colorado businesses that participated in a comprehensive worksite health promotion program. Risk reductions were entered into a return-on-investment (ROI) simulation model. RESULTS Reductions were recorded in 10 risk factors examined, including obesity (-2.0%), poor eating habits (-5.8%), poor physical activity (-6.5%), tobacco use (-1.3%), high alcohol consumption (-1.7%), high stress (-3.5%), depression (-2.3%), high blood pressure (-0.3%), high total cholesterol (-0.9%), and high blood glucose (-0.2%). The ROI model estimated medical and productivity savings of $2.03 for every $1.00 invested. CONCLUSIONS Pooled data suggest that small businesses can realize a positive ROI from effective risk reduction programs.
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Musich S, McCalister T, Wang S, Hawkins K. An Evaluation of the Well at Dell Health Management Program: Health Risk Change and Financial Return on Investment. Am J Health Promot 2015; 29:147-57. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.131115-quan-582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the effectiveness of the Well at Dell comprehensive health management program in delivering health care and productivity cost savings relative to program investment (i.e., return on investment). Design. A quasi-experimental design was used to quantify the financial impact of the program and nonexperimental pre-post design to evaluate change in health risks. Setting. Ongoing worksite health management program implemented across multiple U.S. locations. Subjects. Subjects were 24,651 employees with continuous medical enrollment in 2010–2011 who were eligible for 2011 health management programming. Intervention. Incentive-driven, outcomes-based multicomponent corporate health management program including health risk appraisal (HRA)/wellness, lifestyle management, and disease management coaching programs. Measures. Medical, pharmacy, and short-term disability pre/post expenditure trends adjusted for demographics, health status, and baseline costs. Self-reported health risks from repeat HRA completers. Analysis. Propensity score–weighted and multivariate regression–adjusted comparison of baseline to post trends in health care expenditures and productivity costs for program participants and nonparticipants (i.e., difference in difference) relative to programmatic investment. Results. The Well at Dell program achieved an overall return on investment of 2.48 in 2011. Most of the savings were realized from the HRA/wellness component of the program. Cost savings were supported with high participation and significant health risk improvement. Conclusion. An incentive-driven, well-managed comprehensive corporate health management program can continue to achieve significant health improvement while promoting health care and productivity cost savings in an employee population.
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A 3-Year Assessment of the Effects of a Self-Administered Health Risk Assessment on Health Care Utilization, Costs, and Health Risks. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:1284-90. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rabacow FM, Luiz ODC, Malik AM, Burdorf A. Lifestyle factors, direct and indirect costs for a Brazilian airline company. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 48:949-57. [PMID: 26039398 PMCID: PMC4285830 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze lifestyle risk factors related to direct healthcare costs and the indirect costs due to sick leave among workers of an airline company in Brazil. METHODS In this longitudinal 12-month study of 2,201 employees of a Brazilian airline company, the costs of sick leave and healthcare were the primary outcomes of interest. Information on the independent variables, such as gender, age, educational level, type of work, stress, and lifestyle-related factors (body mass index, physical activity, and smoking), was collected using a questionnaire on enrolment in the study. Data on sick leave days were available from the company register, and data on healthcare costs were obtained from insurance records. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between direct and indirect healthcare costs with sociodemographic, work, and lifestyle-related factors. RESULTS Over the 12-month study period, the average direct healthcare expenditure per worker was US$505.00 and the average indirect cost because of sick leave was US$249.00 per worker. Direct costs were more than twice the indirect costs and both were higher in women. Body mass index was a determinant of direct costs and smoking was a determinant of indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and smoking among workers in a Brazilian airline company were associated with increased health costs. Therefore, promoting a healthy diet, physical activity, and anti-tobacco campaigns are important targets for health promotion in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Maluf Rabacow
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Preventiva. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Olinda do Carmo Luiz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Malik
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Administração e Recursos Humanos. Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Faculdade Getulio Vargas. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health. Erasmus MC. University Medical Center. Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Comparing the contributions of well-being and disease status to employee productivity. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:252-7. [PMID: 24603200 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare employee overall well-being to chronic disease status, which has a long-established relationship to productivity, as relative contributors to on-the-job productivity. METHODS Data from two annual surveys of three companies were used in longitudinal analyses of well-being as a predictor of productivity level and productivity change among 2629 employees with diabetes or without any chronic conditions. RESULTS Well-being was the most significant predictor of productivity cross-sectionally in a model that included disease status and demographic characteristics. Longitudinally, changes in well-being contributed to changes in productivity above and beyond what could be explained by the presence of chronic disease or other fixed characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of well-being as the broader framework for understanding, explaining, and improving employee productivity in both the healthy and those with disease.
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UPMC MyHealth: managing the health and costs of U.S. healthcare workers. Am J Prev Med 2014; 47:403-10. [PMID: 24951044 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace wellness programs hold promise for managing the health and costs of the U.S. workforce. These programs have not been rigorously tested in healthcare worksites. PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of MyHealth on the health and costs of UPMC healthcare workers. DESIGN Five-year observational study conducted in 2013 with subgroup analyses and propensity-matched pair comparisons to more accurately interpret program effects. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS UPMC, an integrated health care delivery and financing system headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants included 13,627 UPMC employees who were continuously enrolled in UPMC-sponsored health insurance during the study period and demonstrated participation in MyHealth by completing a Health Risk Assessment in both 2007 and 2011, as well as 4,448 other healthcare workers employed outside of UPMC who did not participate in the program. INTERVENTION A comprehensive wellness, prevention, and chronic disease management program that ties achievement of health and wellness requirements to receipt of an annual credit on participants' health insurance deductible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Health-risk levels, medical, pharmacy, and total healthcare costs, and Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set performance rates for prevention and chronic disease management. RESULTS Significant improvements in health-risk status and increases in use of preventive and chronic disease management services were observed in the intervention group. Although total healthcare costs increased significantly, reductions in costs were significant for those who moved from higher- to the lowest-risk levels. The contrast differences in costs between reduced- and maintained-risk groups was also significant. Matched pair comparisons provided further evidence of program effects on observed reductions in costs and improvements in prevention, but not improvements in chronic disease management. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating incentivized health management strategies in employer-sponsored health insurance benefit designs can serve as a useful, though not sufficient, tool for managing the health and costs of the U.S. healthcare workforce.
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Musich S, White J, Hartley SK, Bhattarai GR, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ. A More Generalizable Method to Evaluate Changes in Health Care Costs with Changes in Health Risks Among Employers of All Sizes. Popul Health Manag 2014; 17:297-305. [DOI: 10.1089/pop.2013.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - John White
- Health Economics Outcome Research, Optum, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Abstract
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Total Worker Health™ Program defines essential elements of an integrated health protection and health promotion model to improve the health, safety, and performance of employers and employees. The lack of a clear strategy to address the core drivers of poor health, excessive medical costs, and lost productivity has deterred a comprehensive, integrated, and proactive approach to meet these challenges. The Employer Health and Productivity Roadmap™, comprising six interrelated and integrated core elements, creates a framework of shared accountability for both employers and their health and productivity partners to implement and monitor actionable measures that improve health, maximize productivity, and reduce excessive costs. The strategy is most effective when linked to a financially incentivized health management program or consumer-directed health plan insurance benefit design.
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Access to health programs at the workplace and the reduction of work presenteeism: a population-based cross-sectional study. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 55:1318-22. [PMID: 24164761 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3182a299e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine access to health programs at workplace as a determinant of presenteeism among adults. METHODS Data source was a subsample of the 2009-2010 Canadian Community Health Survey. The outcome was self-reported reduced activities at work (presenteeism). The explanatory variable was self-reported access to a health program at workplace. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between outcome and explanatory variables adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Adjusting for sex, age, education, income, work stress, and chronic conditions, presenteeism was not associated with having access to a health program at workplace (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.65). The odds of presenteeism were higher in workers who reported high work stress and those with chronic medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study found that access to health programs at workplace is not significantly associated with a decline in presenteeism.
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A more generalizable method to evaluate the association between commonly reported health risks and health care expenditures among employers of all sizes. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 55:1179-85. [PMID: 24064775 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31829b2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between health risks and health care expenditures for employers of all sizes, generalizing to all employees, even those who did not complete a health risk assessment (HRA). METHODS Health risk assessments were obtained from 169,693 insured employees and spouses. Total health care expenditures were measured before HRA completion. Propensity score weighting, adjusting for HRA nonresponse, and multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between health risks and health care expenditures. RESULTS These at-risk categories were significantly associated with increased health care expenditures: elevated blood pressure, body weight and cholesterol, medication/drug use for relaxation, physical inactivity, and stress. CONCLUSIONS The large sample size, the use of data from small firms, and generalizability made this study unique. Targeted programs that promote management of health risks could result in health care cost savings for employers of all sizes.
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Prochaska JJ, Brown-Johnson CG. Encouraging and supporting smoking cessation in the workforce. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:385-7. [PMID: 24759972 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Prochaska
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Axelsson CK, Ballegaard S, Karpatschof B, Schousen P. Pressure pain sensitivity as a marker for stress and pressure pain sensitivity-guided stress management in women with primary breast cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:399-407. [PMID: 24697620 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate (1) Pressure Pain Sensitivity (PPS) as a marker for stress and (2) a PPS-guided intervention in women with primary Breast Cancer (BC). METHODS (1) A total of 58 women with BC were examined before and after 6 months of intervention. A control group of 165 women office employees was divided in a High Stress Group (HSG, n = 37) and a Low Stress Group (LSG, n = 128) to evaluate the association between PPS, questionnaire-related Quality of Life (QOL) and self-evaluated stress. (2) A PPS-guided stress management program (n = 40) was compared to a Psychosocial Group Intervention (PGI, n = 91) and no treatment (n = 86) with respect to a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire measured QOL. RESULTS (1) Resting PPS and changes in PPS during the intervention period correlated significantly to EORTC and Short Form 36 (SF 36) main scores: (all p < 0.05). Between BC, HSG and LSG there was a significant and positive correlation with respect to PPS, SF 36 main scores, depression, and clinical stress scores (all p < 0.05). However, the BC group scored significantly lower than both HSG and LSG (both p < 0.05) with respect to self-evaluated stress. (2) The PPS-guided intervention group improved EORTC main score, pain and nausea, when compared to the control groups (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PPS was positively associated with QOL, which was in contrast to self-evaluated stress. PPS-guided intervention improved QOL in women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen K Axelsson
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, University of Copenhagen , Denmark
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Addley K, Boyd S, Kerr R, McQuillan P, Houdmont J, McCrory M. The impact of two workplace-based health risk appraisal interventions on employee lifestyle parameters, mental health and work ability: results of a randomized controlled trial. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2014; 29:247-258. [PMID: 24399261 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyt113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Health risk appraisals (HRA) are a common type of workplace health promotion programme offered by American employers. In the United Kingdom, evidence of their effectiveness for promoting health behaviour change remains inconclusive. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of two HRA interventions on lifestyle parameters, mental health and work ability in a UK context. A total of 180 employees were randomized into one of three groups: Group A (HRA augmented with health promotion and education activities), Group B (HRA only) and Group C (control, no intervention). After 12 months, changes in mean scoring in 10 lifestyle, mental health and work ability indices were compared, Groups A and B demonstrated non-significant improvements in 70% and 80%, respectively, compared with controls (40%). Odds ratios revealed that, compared with the control group, Group A was 29.2 (95% CI: 9.22-92.27) times more likely to report a perceived change in lifestyle behaviour; Group B 4.4 times (95% CI: 1.65-11.44). In conclusion, participation in the HRA was associated with a higher likelihood of perceived lifestyle behaviour change which was further increased in the augmented HRA group, thereby providing preliminary evidence that HRA and augmented HRA in particular may help UK employees make positive healthy lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Addley
- NICS Occupational Health Service, Lincoln Building, 27-45 Great Victoria Street, Belfast BT2 7SH, Northern Ireland, Ulster Business School, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland and Institute of Work, Health & Organisations, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
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