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Oliveira JP, Sampaio T, Marinho DA, Barbosa TM, Morais JE. Exploring Injury Prevention Strategies for Futsal Players: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1387. [PMID: 39057530 PMCID: PMC11275960 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Futsal carries a high risk of injury for players. This systematic review aimed to assess the existing literature on injury prevention strategies for futsal players. The literature was searched using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 20 March 2024. Relevant articles were searched using the terms "futsal" AND "injury" AND "prevention". Fourteen studies were included in the review. The review identified several injury prevention strategies with potential benefits for futsal players. Structured warm-up routines were shown to improve balance and eccentric strength and to reduce total, acute, and lower limb injuries. Proprioceptive training methods were suggested to improve joint stability and landing mechanics, which may reduce the risk of injury. Furthermore, multicomponent methods that include components such as core stability and flexibility have shown potential for reducing injury rates in futsal players. Finally, by reducing fatigue and improving movement control, strength training procedures designed to correct muscular imbalances may improve performance, which may ultimately minimize the risk of injury. This systematic review demonstrates the potential benefits of different injury prevention strategies for futsal players. The combination of several strategies, such as proprioceptive training, multicomponent programs, warm-up routines, and strength training specifically designed to address muscular imbalances, appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. Oliveira
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (T.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Sampaio
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (T.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (T.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Barbosa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (T.M.B.); (J.E.M.)
- Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jorge E. Morais
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (T.M.B.); (J.E.M.)
- Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Villanueva-Guerrero O, Lozano D, Roso-Moliner A, Nobari H, Lago-Fuentes C, Mainer-Pardos E. Effects of different strength and velocity training programs on physical performance in youth futsal players. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30747. [PMID: 38784537 PMCID: PMC11112280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Futsal is a high intensity team sport with intermittent actions of short duration, so it is necessary to include different training strategies to improve explosive actions. There is a gap in the scientific literature regarding training programs that improve the performance of young futsal players. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different strength and velocity training programs on lower body physical performance in youth futsal players. Forty-two youth futsal players were divided into control group (CG, n = 14) and a strength intervention group (SG, n = 14), which included a weekly session for 8 weeks of eccentric strength training, plyometrics and core strengthening, and a velocity intervention group (VG, n = 14), which included a weekly session during 8 weeks of training with linear speed exercises and with change of direction, accelerations with resistance bands and core strengthening. SG significantly improved horizontal jump (HJ) (p:0.02), V-CUT (p:0.91) and change of direction deficit (CODD) (p:0.01). VG showed significant improvements in HJ (p:0.01), in 25 m sprint (p:0.01), in total repeated sprint ability time (p:0.01), in V-CUT (p:0.01) and in CODD (p:0.01). SG showed significant intergroup differences (p:0.01) in COD variables with respect to CG and VG. In conclusion, SG and VG showed significant improvements in lower body performance variables in youth futsal players. In addition, the SG has substantial changes in COD compared to the other two groups, so it has a greater effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Villanueva-Guerrero
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autovía A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Demetrio Lozano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autovía A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Roso-Moliner
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autovía A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos Lago-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Mainer-Pardos
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autovía A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
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Van Hoye A, Geidne S, Vuillemin A, Dowd K, Glibo I, Heck S, Ibsen B, Johnson S, Kingsland M, Kokko S, Lane A, Ooms L, Overbye M, Woods C, Zeimers G, Whiting S, Winand M. Health promoting sports federations: theoretical foundations and guidelines. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1147899. [PMID: 37497027 PMCID: PMC10366374 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1147899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers and policy-makers have highlighted that the potential for organized sports to promote health has been underexploited. Sports clubs have limited capacity to promote health due to their voluntary nature and have called for support from their national sports federations. The present article provides guidelines, based on the theoretical principles of health promoting sports clubs and an analysis of practical tools and proven strategies, to support national sports federations to invest in health promotion (HP). Methods A qualitative iterative study was undertaken, based on five 2-h meetings of a group of 15 international researchers in HP in sports clubs. Notes and minutes from meetings, as well as shared outputs were analyzed based on the health promoting sports club framework. Results Guidelines developed for national sports federations to promote health includes a definition of a health promoting sports federation (HPSF), a description of how the settings-based approach to HP adapts to national sports federations, as well as practical applications of health promoting sports club's intervention strategies. The analysis of existing tools also demonstrated that most tools are centered on a single dimension of health (social, mental, physical, spiritual or community), and often on a specific health topic. Furthermore, they do not cover HP as a continuous long-lasting process, but are generally short-term programs. The HPSF clarifies theoretical concepts, their practical implementation via case studies and outlines intervention components and tools useful for sports federations in their implementation of HP. Conclusion The guidelines developed in this study are intended to facilitate national sports federations to acknowledge/understand, reinforce/underpin and foster current and further investment in HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Van Hoye
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute,Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department, University of Limeric, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Susanna Geidne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Kieran Dowd
- SHE Research Group, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Iva Glibo
- European Sport NGO Youth, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Heck
- Ecole Nationale de l’Education Physique et des Sports (ENEPS), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Stacey Johnson
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, Angers, France
| | | | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aoife Lane
- SHE Research Group, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | | | - Marie Overbye
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Woods
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute,Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department, University of Limeric, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Zeimers
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organization (LouRIM), Mor Sciences Faculty, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stephen Whiting
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of NCDs, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Winand
- LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg
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Jimenez-Garcia JA, Miller MB, DeMont RG. Effects of Multicomponent Injury Prevention Programs on Children and Adolescents' Fundamental Movement Skills: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:705-719. [PMID: 36527377 PMCID: PMC10580683 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221146434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are essential to participate in physical activity. Understanding the effects of multicomponent injury prevention programs (MIPP) on FMS may help promote safe physical activity. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the effects of MIPP on biomechanical outcomes and neuromuscular performance measured on children and adolescents while performing FMS. DATA SOURCE We searched PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA We included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, published in English, that analyzed the effects of MIPP on biomechanics and neuromuscular performance of FMS in participants under 18 years of age. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers screened the articles, assessed the quality of the evidence using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and synthesized the data. DATA SYNTHESIS We conducted meta-analyses and reported the characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias of studies. RESULTS We included 27 articles that reported data from 1,427 participants. Positive effects on FMS were reported in 23 of the 27 included articles. Vertical Jump, running speed, acceleration, and dynamic balance presented positive-significant pooled effect sizes. Dribbling and horizontal jump presented non-significant pooled effect sizes. CONCLUSION MIPP can positively affect FMS in children and adolescents in sports-related settings. Lack of participant compliance and implementation fidelity may affect MIPP effectiveness. Including MIPP in physical literacy interventions, physical education classes, and organized physical activity may lead to functional adaptations that help promote safe physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Jimenez-Garcia
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew B. Miller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Richard G. DeMont
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ling DI, Janosky J, Schneider B, Russomano J, Boyle C, Kinderknecht J, Marx RG. A Controlled Trial of the Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Physical Performance in Male and Female High School Athletes. Sports Health 2023; 15:386-396. [PMID: 35499093 PMCID: PMC10170228 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221089917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromuscular training (NMT) has demonstrated efficacy as an intervention to decrease the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and improve sports performance. The effect of this training on the mechanisms that contribute to improved physical performance has not been well defined. HYPOTHESIS Athletes in the NMT group will have better mechanisms of fundamental movements and agility tests that may contribute to improved sports performance. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS Eight high school teams (111 athletes, 53% male, mean age 16 years) participated, with half performing NMT. Physical performance was measured using the dorsaVi ViPerform system, a US Food and Drug Administration-cleared wireless sensor system. Agility was assessed using a timed 3-cone test. Independent sample t tests were used to compare differences between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS Matched pre- and postseason data were collected from 74 athletes after excluding athletes with injury and those lost to follow-up. Significant improvements were observed in the NMT group for loading/landing speed ratios during a single-leg hop test (right lower extremity = -0.19 [-0.37, 0.03], P = 0.03 and left lower extremity = -0.27 [-0.50, -0.03], P = 0.03). The control group had lower ground reaction forces compared with the NMT group (P < 0.02), while significant improvements were found in the NMT group for initial peak acceleration (P < 0.02) and cadence (P = 0.01) during a straight-line acceleration/deceleration test. For the 3-cone agility test, the postseason time decreased compared with preseason in the NMT group, whereas the time for the control group increased (-0.37 s vs 0.14 s, P < 0.00). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that NMT administered by sports medicine clinicians can significantly improve some physical performance of fundamental movements in high school athletes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Coaches should be trained to effectively deliver NMT in order to improve sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne I. Ling
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York
- Department of Population Health
Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - Joseph Janosky
- Sports Safety Program, Sports Medicine
Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | | | | | - Caroline Boyle
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York
| | | | - Robert G. Marx
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill
Cornell Medical College, New York
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6
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Asgari M, Nazari B, Bizzini M, Jaitner T. Effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance, biomechanical measures, and physiological responses: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:226-235. [PMID: 35659964 PMCID: PMC10105015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The side effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance have not been generally reviewed. The objective of this study was to synthesize the literature on the effects of the 11+ on players' performance. METHODS Five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar) were searched (from April 2006 to March 2022) using predefined keywords and sub-keywords. The potential references were primarily recorded through Endnote and imported to Covidence. Out of the 123 references screened by 2 blinded researchers through the software, 59 full texts were assessed for eligibility, 33 of which were ultimately included. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias were then assessed. Study ID, title, place, aim, design, start/end dates, population description, study criteria, statistical analysis, and outcomes were extracted. RESULTS Studies were conducted on male and female players aged 10-32 years old. The quality of the studies was moderate to high, and except for unclear bias for blinding outcome assessment, the risk of bias for all domains was low. Long-term application of the 11+ improved most biomechanical measures and physiological responses except for lower extremity stability, ankle evertors time latency, ankle dorsiflexion, and proprioception. Conversely, the 11+ showed acute negative effects on physical performance compared to dynamic warm-ups and non-significant effects on technical abilities. CONCLUSION Mid-to-long-term implementation of the 11+ improved the majority of biomechanical and a couple of physical measures but showed no effects on technical skills. Precaution must be observed for using the 11+ before competitions, as it could acutely decrease physical/technical performance. Given the contradictory nature of the literature, further studies should evaluate the short-to-mid-term effects of the 11+. Further studies are required to address ankle responses to the 11+ intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Asgari
- Institute for Sport and Sports Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44221, Germany.
| | - Bahareh Nazari
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Kish Island branch, Kish Island 79416, Iran
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic Lengghalde, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jaitner
- Institute for Sport and Sports Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44221, Germany
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Zhou X, Luo A, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zha Y, Wang S, Ashton C, Andamasaris JE, Wang H, Wang Q. The Effect of FIFA 11+ on the Isometric Strength and Running Ability of Young Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13186. [PMID: 36293765 PMCID: PMC9603440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is the world's game, and keeping athletes healthy while playing the game has often been a focus of study. There is a high occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries reported in soccer. FIFA 11+ was developed as an intervention to help prevent such injuries. FIFA 11+ has previously been studied for its efficacy as an injury prevention program, but not for its effect on sports performance in an adolescent population. The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of implementing the FIFA 11+ intervention on strength, speed, and agility. Twenty youth soccer players were randomly divided into an intervention group (INT) and a control group (CON). The intervention lasted for eight weeks and performance assessments were completed pre- and post-intervention. Post-test INT knee flexor strength was significantly higher than pre-test scores (p < 0.05). INT also demonstrated significantly higher hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio (H/Q) after the intervention (p < 0.05), while the CON H/Q did not change significantly. 30-m sprint performance of both groups improved from pre- to post-test (p < 0.05). Shuttle run performance was significantly improved in post-test scores for INT players (p < 0.05), but did not change significantly for the CON players. It is suggested that implementing FIFA 11+ before training in young soccer players can lead to performance benefits as well as injury prevention benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, 1 Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anmin Luo
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Beijing Haidian Experimental High School, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, 1 Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Zha
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, 1 Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, 1 Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Caroline Ashton
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | | | - Henry Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Qirong Wang
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, 1 Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Kolokythas N, Metsios GS, Galloway SM, Allen N, Wyon MA. Neuromuscular Training in Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dance Med Sci 2022; 26:181-190. [PMID: 35697491 DOI: 10.12678/1089-313x.091522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well documented that there is high prevalence of injuries in pre-professional and professional ballet dancers. Current evidence from high in quality and quantity research on injury prevention in sport indicates that interventions can reduce injury risks by 30% to 50%. Injury prevention research in dance is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility (adherence, fidelity, and practicality) of a randomized controlled trial for the utilization of neuromuscular training in pre-professional ballet dancers. METHODS A convenience sample of 22 pre-professional ballet dancers were randomized into an intervention and control group. The intervention group took part in a neuromuscular-based training workout, five times per week before the ballet class, for 10 weeks. The intervention was an adaptation of the FIFA 11+, an injury prevention intervention and is called 11+ Dance. The intervention consisted of low intensity bodyweight exercises that lasted 20 to 30 minutes performed daily. RESULTS Intervention adherence was 38% ± 8%, with higher participation at the beginning of the study. Attendance for post-testing was low 45% and 36% for the intervention and control group, respectively, mainly due to injury. There were no adverse effects reported, however, the participants reported delayed onset muscle soreness at the beginning of the intervention, indicating that there may be a potential training effect. Fear of muscle hypertrophy and fatigue were also reported as reasons for attrition. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically non-significant differences for the countermovement jump F(1, 9) = 0.36, p = 0.564, 𝜂2p = 0.04; reactive strength index F(1, 7) = 0.02, p = 0.885, 𝜂2p = 0.003; and the isometric mid-thigh pull F(1, 12) = 0.002, p = 0.967, 𝜂2p = 0.000. CONCLUSION The results of the study, together with the feedback from the participants, suggest that some protocol modifications are necessary for the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial in a pre-professional setting. The current trial has produced valuable information for the intervention frequency and load prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Kolokythas
- Elmhurst Ballet School, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - George S Metsios
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun M Galloway
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Allen
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Royal Ballet, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Wyon
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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Day‐to‐day Variation of the Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Energy Expenditure during FIFA 11+ and Dynamic Warm‐up Exercises. J Hum Kinet 2022; 81:73-84. [PMID: 35291626 PMCID: PMC8884869 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There seems to be a scarcity in literature investigating day-to-day warm-up (WU) variations. We investigated day-to-day variation of psychophysiological responses during Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ and dynamic warm-up (DWU) exercises. Twenty-one male collegiate soccer players were randomly assigned to the FIFA 11+ (n = 10) or DWU group (n = 11). Each group performed the assigned WU protocol on three different occasions with a 48-h interval in between. The inter-day variation of the heart rate (HR), time distribution of HR zones, heart rate variability (HRV), estimated energy expenditure (EE), blood lactate (BL) concentration, and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. A two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in chosen variables [group (2) × day (3)]. The coefficient of variation was used to determine the dispersion of the variables over the sessions. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a two-way random model and a single measure (ICC2,1) was used to determine inter-day reliability. There were no significant differences in time spent at particular HR zones and EE in both groups. The FIFA 11+ exercises showed high reliability of exercise duration, average HR (HRaverage), minimal HR (HRmin), peak HR (HRpeak), and post-exercise RPE. In the DWU group, high reliability was found only in HRaverage, HRpeak, and post-exercise RPE. The FIFA 11+ exercises showed similar EE, exercise HR patterns, BL, and RPE compared to the DWU. The FIFA 11+ program is an intense WU protocol with a characteristically low variation of day-to-day exercise HR and RPE responses.
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10
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Weir G. Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in sport: biomechanically informed approaches. Sports Biomech 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34965847 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.2016925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews a series of studies contributing to a framework for preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in sport. As the majority of these injuries are non-contact in nature, theoretically, these injuries are preventable. The studies presented in this paper focus on understanding biomechanical countermeasures of ACL injury and how this knowledge can inform both screening and training intervention research and practice in sport. These countermeasures include: 1) modifying an athlete's technique to reduce externally applied loads to the knee; 2) increasing the muscle support around the knee and hip to counter elevated loads applied to the knee and; 3) improving an athlete's perception during dynamic sports tasks to increase planning time to coordinate desirable movement patterns. By furthering the empirical evidence of modifiable biomechanical countermeasures of ACL injury risk, we can better understand best practices for developing interventions on a mass scale to prevent ACL injuries in the sporting community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Weir
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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11
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Hedt CA, Pearson JM, Lambert BS, McCulloch PC, Harris JD. Sex-Related Hip Strength Measures Among Professional Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1992-1999. [PMID: 30747903 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hedt, CA, Pearson, JM, Lambert, BS, McCulloch, PC, and Harris, JD. Sex-related hip strength measures among professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1992-1999, 2021-Lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries in soccer are common among sexes. However, it remains unknown whether differences between sexes exist with regard to absolute or relative hip strength and how these differences may relate to injury. In the current study, we performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pre-season data from male (♂n = 21) and female (♀n = 19) professional United States soccer organizations. Two years of pre-season data were collected for peak strength of lower extremity and hip musculature (no duplicates used). A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance was used to detect differences in hip strength between sexes and dominant compared with nondominant legs. For all significant multivariate effects indicated by Wilks lambda and follow-up univariate analysis, a Tukey's post hoc test was used for pairwise univariate comparisons. A 2-tailed independent-samples T-test was used for comparison of height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), mean leg length, and strength ratios between dominant and nondominant limbs between sexes. Type I error was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses. Height (♂183.1 ± 6.8 cm, ♀170.0 ± 5.5 cm), body mass (♂79.0 ± 8.7 kg, ♀65.1 ± 5.6 kg), BMI (♂23.5 ± 1.3 kg·m-2, ♀22.5 ± 1.4 kg·m-2), and mean leg length (♂95.5 ± 4.34 cm, ♀ 88.3 ± 3.24 cm) differed between groups (p < 0.05). Sex differences (p < 0.05) were also found for hip abduction (dominant ♂19.5 ± 3.6 kg, ♀17.3 ± 2.2 kg; nondominant ♂18.5 ± 3.7 kg, ♀16.0 ± 2.3 kg), adduction (dominant ♂19.8 ± 3.0 kg, ♀16.7 ± 2.3 kg; nondominant ♂20.1 ± 2.9 kg, ♀17.6 ± 2.9 kg), external rotation (dominant ♂21.7 ± 3.4 kg, ♀17.7 ± 2.4 kg; nondominant ♂21.6 ± 3.9 kg, ♀16.8 ± 2.1 kg), and dominant hamstring strength (♂27.9 ± 6.5 kg, ♀23.0 ± 4.9 kg). The ratio of hip internal to external rotation strength differed in the nondominant leg (♂1.1 ± 0.2, ♀0.9 ± 0.2, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between males and females when measures were normalized to body mass. These findings provide baseline pre-season normative data for professional soccer athletes and indicate that strength differences can be expected among different sexes, but are attenuated with attention to body mass. Further research should indicate how pre-season strength measures relate to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin A Hedt
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Jentry M Pearson
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Bradley S Lambert
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas; and.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Patrick C McCulloch
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Joshua D Harris
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas; and
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12
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Borges L, Dermargos A, Gorjão R, Cury-Boaventura MF, Hirabara SM, Abad CC, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Barros MP, Hatanaka E. Updating futsal physiology, immune system, and performance. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:659-676. [PMID: 34028324 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1929221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Futsal promotes stress by handling the ball, physical contact, and exhaustive muscle contractions, elevating the risks for injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation after a training session or a match. In this review, we critically evaluate the more recent advances in the performance and health of futsal players. We searched the effects of futsal on performance, physiological parameters, muscle injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Although the stressful factors apply to all futsal players, goalkeepers require special attention during the competition and the recovery phase. We also show that the FIFA injury prevention programme, called The 11+, is effective in improving athletic performance and avoiding injury in futsal players. Research with different training durations and intensities and a wider range of studies involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and physiological mechanisms are of interest to design a more precise map of the biochemical regulation of training load and competition season in futsal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Borges
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Dermargos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil.,Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria F Cury-Boaventura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sandro M Hirabara
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cesar C Abad
- Faculdade Lusófona de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tania C Pithon-Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rui Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil.,Immunobiological Production Sector, Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelo P Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
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13
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Nuhu A, Jelsma J, Dunleavy K, Burgess T. Effect of the FIFA 11+ soccer specific warm up programme on the incidence of injuries: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251839. [PMID: 34029321 PMCID: PMC8143390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soccer players incur injuries that typically affect their performance. Injuries are caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that call for multifactorial preventive interventions. The study examines the impact of the FIFA 11+ warm up programme on the incidence and severity of injuries in second division soccer players in Rwanda. Methods Twelve teams (309 players) were randomised in the intervention group and 12 teams (317 players) in the control group using a cluster randomized controlled trial with teams as the unit of randomization. Intervention group teams implemented the FIFA 11+ soccer specific warm-up programme during training and matches at least three times a week over seven months of the Rwandan soccer season. Control group teams continued with usual warm up exercises. The primary outcome of this study was the overall incidence of training and match injuries. Injuries, training and match exposure as well as severity categories were recorded per the F-MARC guidelines. Results A lower proportion of players sustained injuries in the intervention group (52%) compared to the control group (63%) (Odd ratio: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.5–0.9). A significantly lower rate ratio was observed in the intervention group for overall (RR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) and match (RR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) injuries. Compliance to the injury prevention programme was 77%. In the intervention group, the incidence of injury was similar across all teams and across the medium and highly compliant teams. There was a statistically significant 55% and 71% reduction of the rate of moderate and severe injuries in the intervention group respectively. Conclusion The 11+ warm up injury prevention programme resulted in a significant reduction in the odds of sustaining injuries. In addition, injuries sustained were less severe. The programme should be rolled out to all teams in Rwanda and may well result in a decrease in the incidence and severity of injury in similar contexts. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201505001045388).
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Affiliation(s)
- Assuman Nuhu
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer Jelsma
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kim Dunleavy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Theresa Burgess
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Nuhmani S. The FIFA 11+ does not alter performance in amateur female basketball players-a randomized control trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:379-383. [PMID: 34187120 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The FIFA-Medical and Assessment Research Centre (F-MARC) introduced the warm-up FIFA 11+ program to reduce injuries and promote fair play. Although the FIFA11+ program is a well-established warm-up protocol for injury prevention, studies on the program's performance enhancement aspects have had controversial results. Therefore, the objective of the study is to investigate the efficacy of FIFA11+ program on sports performance parameters such as running speed, agility, and vertical jump performance in amateur female basketball players. METHODS In this study, 59 amateur female basketball players were recruited and randomized into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=29). The experimental group completed the FIFA 11+ program for 12 weeks (three times/week), while the control group members completed their regular training programs. The study adopted a pretest-posttest design. 20-yard sprint run, t test and vertical jump test were the outcome measures. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in the sports performance parameters (sprint test p=0.21, t test p=0.16, vertical jump test p=0.09) was found between groups' post-test measurements. The paired sample t test revealed that the 12-week FIFA 11+ program did not demonstrate any significant improvement in the participants' sprint, agility, and vertical jump performance (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed no enhancement in sports performance parameters such as sprint speed, agility, and vertical jump performance in amateur female basketball players. This lack of improvement in performance measures suggests that the program cannot be used as a training strategy for the targeted sports performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Rahlf AL, John C, Hamacher D, Zech A. Effects of a 10 vs. 20-Min Injury Prevention Program on Neuromuscular and Functional Performance in Adolescent Football Players. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578866. [PMID: 33178045 PMCID: PMC7593709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular injury prevention training is not only effective in reducing sports injury rates, but also in improving neuromuscular and performance-related variables. However, it is currently unknown if this effect can be modified by varying the training dosage. Objective To compare the effects of two injury prevention programmes with a different training duration on neuromuscular control and functional performance in adolescent football players. Methods 342 (15.4 ± 1.7 years) male football players from 18 teams were initially included. The teams were cluster-randomized into two intervention groups. Both groups performed an injury prevention program twice a week during one football season (10 months) using the same exercises but a different duration. One intervention group (INT10, n = 175) performed the program for 10 min, while the other intervention group (INT20, n = 167) for 20 min. At the beginning and end of the season, balance control (Balance Error Scoring System = BESS), jump performance (Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump) and flexibility (Sit and Reach Test, ankle flexibility, hip flexibility) tests were performed. For the final analysis, nine teams with 104 players were considered. Results Significant group by time interactions were found for the sit and reach test (p < 0.001) and ankle flexibility (p < 0.001) with higher improvements in the INT20 group. Improvements over the period of one season but no group differences were found for the BESS, Squat Jump and hip flexibility. Conclusion Within a single training session, performing structured neuromuscular training with a longer duration is more effective than a shorter duration for improving lower extremity flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lina Rahlf
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelius John
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Hamacher
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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16
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Shamlaye J, Tomšovský L, Fulcher ML. Attitudes, beliefs and factors influencing football coaches' adherence to the 11+ injury prevention programme. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000830. [PMID: 33062304 PMCID: PMC7525254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore football coaches’ beliefs and attitudes about injury prevention and the 11+ injury prevention programme, and to investigate factors that may influence adherence to the 11+ injury prevention programme. Methods A total of 538 football coaches who had completed an injury prevention education workshop were invited to participate in a web-based nationwide survey. The survey questions explored beliefs and attitudes about injury prevention and the 11+ injury prevention programme, self-reported adherence to the 11+ programme, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of the 11+ programme. Results There were 158 respondents. The majority believe that injury prevention is part of their coaching role (94%) that a structured warm-up is an important part of their team’s preparation for training and games (96%), and that the 11+ is effective (92%). While most respondents (95%) use the 11+, modifications are common. Participants with greater coaching experience are more likely to use the programme. Time constraints are the main barriers to adherence, while knowing that the programme enhances performance is seen as a major facilitator. Conclusions Coaches who attended an injury prevention workshop have positive attitudes towards injury prevention and the 11+ programme. However, coaches with less coaching experience may be less likely to use the 11+ and could therefore be the target population for future education workshops. Promoting the performance enhancing effects of the 11+ and encouraging modifications could improve acceptability and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luboš Tomšovský
- Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Sports Performance Research Institute, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland University of Technology (AUT), School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark L Fulcher
- Axis Sports Medicine Specialists, Auckland, New Zealand.,New Zealand Football, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC. Use of Social or Behavioral Theories in Exercise-Related Injury Prevention Program Research: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1515-1528. [PMID: 31187453 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social or behavioral theories within exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) research may lead to a better understanding of why adherence to the programs is low and inform the development of interventions to improve program adherence. There is a need to determine which theories have been used within the literature and at what level theory was used to further the field. OBJECTIVE To determine which social or behavioral science theories have been incorporated within ERIPP research and assess the level at which the theories were used. The key question guiding the search was "What social or behavioral theories have been used within ERIPP research?" METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed with an appraisal of bias risk using a custom critical appraisal tool. An electronic search of EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and PubMed was completed from inception to October 2018. Studies investigating attitudes towards ERIPP participation with the use of a social or behavioral theoretical model or framework were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The electronic search returned 7482 results and two articles were identified though a hand search, which resulted in ten articles meeting inclusion criteria. Four different behavioral or social theoretical models or frameworks were identified including the health action process approach model, health belief model, self-determination theory, and theory of planned behavior. Six studies utilized the theory at a B level meaning a theoretical construct was measured while four utilized the theory at the C level meaning the theory was tested. The mean critical appraisal score was 78%, indicating a majority of the studies were higher quality. CONCLUSION There has been an increase in the use of theory within literature that is specific to ERIPP participation. Additionally, the use of theory has shifted from guiding program design to the measurement of theoretical constructs and testing of the theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Gabriel
- College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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18
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Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC, Cramer RJ. An intervention based on the health belief model led to improvements in self-efficacy towards ERIPP participation and functional performance in club sport athletes: a pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:921-926. [PMID: 32402758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if an intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) could improve attitudes towards exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) participation and functional performance in club sport participants. DESIGN Repeated measures METHODS: Participants completed the HBM Scale (HBMS) and Theory of Planned Behavior Scale (TPBS) to assess attitudes towards ERIPP participation at three time points (pre-measure, post-measure, follow-up measure). The HBM based intervention was delivered immediately following the pre-measure containing: 1) education on ERIPPs, benefits and barriers to participating, strategies to overcome barriers, risk factors and consequences for lower extremity injuries, and strategies to prevent lower extremity injuries 2) individualized feedback on functional performance 3) demonstration and participation in the 11+. Attitudes towards injury prevention were compared using the subscales of the HBMS and TPBS at all three time points. Functional performance was compared at the pre-measure and follow-up measure. RESULTS Significant improvements with large effect sizes were detected in individual self-efficacy from pre-test (0.73±4.48) to post-test (2.93±4.30; P=0.05; ƞ2=0.18) and pre-test to follow-up (3.20±3.49; P=0.04; ƞ2=0.20) and community led self-efficacy from pre-test (4.40±2.75) to post-test (6.07±3.43; P=0.02; ƞ2=0.24) and pre-test to follow-up (7.07±2.05; P=0.001; ƞ2=0.44). Additionally, significant improvements were found in the LESS-RT following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The intervention based on the HBM led to improvements in individual and community led self-efficacy indicating an enhancement in the participants' confidence in their ability to participate in an ERIPP. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of individualized interventions to improve attitudes towards and adherence to ERIPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky
| | - Robert J Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
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Lopes M, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Injury prevention in futsal players: is the FIFA 11+ a simple answer to a complex problem? PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2020.1731177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lopes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Lago-Fuentes C, Jiménez-Loaisa A, Padrón-Cabo A, Mecías-Calvo M, Rey E. Perceptions of the technical staff of professional teams regarding injury prevention in Spanish national futsal leagues: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8817. [PMID: 32257644 PMCID: PMC7102501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Futsal is a sport with increasing popularity and level of performance, both in male and female categories. Also, there are several injuries along a season, so it is needed to know how to reduce this burden. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of technical staff on injury risk factors, risk testing and preventive measures, and the strategies used by them within professional male and female futsal teams. A cross-sectional study was designed during the 2017–2018 season. A total of 32 futsal teams involved in male and female Spanish national futsal leagues completed, through an online survey platform, a questionnaire about injury risk factors, risk testing and preventive measures. Findings showed that: (a) most teams reported enough human resources, but insufficient material and time resources, (b) the main risk factors detected were previous injuries, strength deficits and dehydration, (c) functional movement patterns, flexibility tests and self-report questionnaires were the most applied tests for detecting injury risks in their players and (d) most of the main preventive measures used by technical staff matched with the best valued by them. Technical staff defined properly the main risk factors in futsal performance, as well as they applied preventive strategies with scientific support. The information provided in this research could be of interest for sport scientists and technical staff when designing more accurate and efficient injury prevention programs in futsal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lago-Fuentes
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Research Center, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Alexis Padrón-Cabo
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Rey
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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21
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Ling DI, Cepeda NA, Marom N, Jivanelli B, Marx RG. Injury prevention programmes with plyometric and strengthening exercises improve on-field performance: a systematic review. J ISAKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
ImportanceInjury prevention programmes (IPPs) have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious in protecting young athletes from anterior cruciate ligament and other lower-extremity injuries. However, the effectiveness of these programme in practice has been limited due to poor adherence among coaches of organised sports teams.ObjectiveA change in messaging from injury reduction to performance enhancement may be an effective strategy for improving adherence. We conducted a systematic review to address whether implementing IPP can also provide benefits on sports performance as measured by on-field tests.Evidence reviewData Sources: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to August 2018.Study Selection: English-language studies were selected if they evaluated on-field performance testing before and after participation in the IPP or compared with another programme/control. No limitations were placed on study design or study population. Studies were excluded if they evaluated programme without an explicit focus on injury prevention or reported on injury risk factors that were not related to athletic performance.Study designSystematic reviewData extractionStudy design, population, sport and level, comparison group and duration/frequency of the IPP were extracted from full-text articles. The results of performance testing were summarised into the following categories: balance, sprinting, agility, jumping, physical fitness and sport-specific skills.FindingsThe evidence shows that IPP can have beneficial effects on measures of sports performance and physical fitness. Factors that resulted in significant improvement included longer frequency and duration of the programme, as well as inclusion of plyometric and muscle strengthening exercises.ConclusionsThere is a wide variety of measures used for athletic performance. IPPs that are done more frequently for longer durations and that include strengthening and plyometric exercises have been shown to improve athletic performance. Enhanced performance with tests that can be conducted on the field with existing equipment may help convince coaches and athletes to improve adherence with the IPP exercises.Level of evidenceLevel II
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22
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Gee TI, Morrow RA, Stone MR, Bishop DC. A neuromuscular training program enhances dynamic neuromuscular control and physical performance in court‐sport athletes. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I. Gee
- School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Ryan A. Morrow
- School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Mark R. Stone
- School of Sport and Wellbeing University of Central Lancashire Preston UK
| | - Daniel C. Bishop
- School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
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23
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Zarei M, Abbasi H, Daneshjoo A, Gheitasi M, Johari K, Faude O, Rommers N, Rössler R. The Effect of the "11+ Kids" Program on the Isokinetic Strength of Young Football Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:25-30. [PMID: 30958052 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The "11+ Kids" injury-prevention program has been shown to reduce injuries and related costs in youth football players less than 14 y of age. A major argument to convince coaches to use this exercise-based injury-prevention program is a potential performance enhancement of the players. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the "11+ Kids" program on isokinetic strength. METHODS Two teams were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group replaced their warm-up by the "11+ Kids" and the control group warmed up as usual. Two days before and after the 10-wk intervention, isokinetic strength of the hip adductors and abductors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle invertors and evertors was tested. RESULTS Thirty-one players (mean age 11.5 [0.8] y) completed the study. The intervention group showed large improvements in all isokinetic strength measures (P < .001 for all measures; Cohen d = 0.8-1.4), whereas the control group only showed negligible to medium positive effects (P values ranging from .006 to .718; Cohen d = -0.1 to 0.7). The intervention was beneficial compared with the control group regarding isokinetic strength of the hip adductors (P < .001), knee flexors (P = .002), and ankle evertors (P < .001) and invertors (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Given the relatively short intervention period of 10 wk, the observed improvements relate to a practically meaningful effect of the intervention. The gain in strength may improve players' performance and may contribute to a reduction of injury risk in the long-term application.
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Drury B, Ratel S, Clark CC, Fernandes JF, Moran J, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E70. [PMID: 33467385 PMCID: PMC7739302 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the role of eccentric resistance training in youth and how this training modality can be utilized within long-term physical development. Current literature on responses to eccentric exercise in youth has demonstrated that potential concerns, such as fatigue and muscle damage, compared to adults are not supported. Considering the importance of resistance training for youth athletes and the benefits of eccentric training in enhancing strength, power, speed, and resistance to injury, its inclusion throughout youth may be warranted. In this review we provide a brief overview of the physiological responses to exercise in youth with specific reference to the different responses to eccentric resistance training between children, adolescents, and adults. Thereafter, we discuss the importance of ensuring that force absorption qualities are trained throughout youth and how these may be influenced by growth and maturation. In particular, we propose practical methods on how eccentric resistance training methods can be implemented in youth via the inclusion of efficient landing mechanics, eccentric hamstrings strengthening and flywheel inertia training. This article proposes that the use of eccentric resistance training in youth should be considered a necessity to help develop both physical qualities that underpin sporting performance, as well as reducing injury risk. However, as with any other training modality implemented within youth, careful consideration should be given in accordance with an individual's maturity status, training history and technical competency as well as being underpinned by current long-term physical development guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Drury
- Department of Applied Sport Sciences, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, England, UK;
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P, EA 3533), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5RW, England, UK;
| | - John F.T. Fernandes
- Department of Applied Sport Sciences, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, England, UK;
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3WA, UK;
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7C, Canada;
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Hanlon C, Krzak JJ, Prodoehl J, Hall KD. Effect of Injury Prevention Programs on Lower Extremity Performance in Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2019; 12:12-22. [PMID: 31390306 DOI: 10.1177/1941738119861117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how existing youth injury prevention programs affect specific modifiable injury risk factors will inform future program development for youth athletes. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the effects of injury prevention programs on the modifiable intrinsic risk factors associated with lower extremity performance in youth athletes. DATA SOURCES This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A systematic search of the literature was performed using multiple databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost [including CINAHL, Medline, and SPORTDiscus], and PEDro). Secondary references were appraised for relevant articles. Article types included randomized or cluster randomized controlled trials and randomized cohort designs with youth athletes engaged in organized sports, along with outcomes that included at least 1 physical performance outcome measure. STUDY SELECTION Eight studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers, with a third consulted in the case of disagreement, which was not needed. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Included studies underwent review of methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. RESULTS Studies included mixed-sex samples of youth athletes who predominantly participated in soccer at different skill levels. The FIFA 11+ series was the most commonly used injury prevention program. Among studies, the mean percentage of improvement identified was 11.3% for force generation, 5.7% for coordination, 5.2% for posture, and 5.2% for balance. The lowest mean percentage improvement was in speed (2.2%). Endurance was not significantly affected by any of the programs. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that injury prevention programs improve several modifiable intrinsic risk factors of lower extremity performance among youth athletes, particularly force generation. However, several intrinsic risk factors were either not significantly affected or specifically addressed by existing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph J Krzak
- Physical Therapy Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.,Shriners Hospital for Children-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Janey Prodoehl
- Physical Therapy Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Kathy D Hall
- Physical Therapy Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
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Lopes M, Lopes S, Patinha T, Araújo F, Rodrigues M, Costa R, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Balance and proprioception responses to FIFA 11+ in amateur futsal players: Short and long-term effects. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2300-2308. [PMID: 31200633 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1628626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The FIFA 11+ has shown positive effects on balance and proprioception parameters in football players. As there have been very few research studies involving futsal, we examined the short and long term effects of the FIFA 11+ on static and dynamic balance, as well as proprioception in male amateur futsal players. Methods: Seventy-one male futsal players were randomized to two groups (FIFA 11+: n = 37, age: 27.33 ± 4.33 years; Control: n = 34, age: 25.55 ± 4.65 years). Intervention lasted 10 weeks, 2 sessions per week, succeeded by a 10-week follow-up period. For balance testing, we assessed the single-legged postural sway with a force platform (static balance) and the Y balance test (dynamic balance). Proprioception was assessed with active joint position sense testing. Results: Complete pre-post intervention and follow-up tests were available for 61 players. The FIFA 11+ group showed higher training exposure and lower body mass index and body weight. After adjustment for baseline differences, no significant differences between groups were observed in the pre-post changes for centre of pressure measures, Y-balance and proprioception parameters both at short and long-term. Conclusions: Performing FIFA 11+ for 10 weeks did not improve static and dynamic balance as well as proprioception in amateur futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lopes
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Susana Lopes
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Telma Patinha
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Fábio Araújo
- b Institute of Public Health, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Mário Rodrigues
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rui Costa
- c School of Health Sciences and CINTESIS@UA, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- d Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure -CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- e School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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Lopes M, Rodrigues JM, Monteiro P, Rodrigues M, Costa R, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Effects of the FIFA 11+ on ankle evertors latency time and knee muscle strength in amateur futsal players. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:24-34. [PMID: 31092112 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1609588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The FIFA 11+ has shown to increase muscle strength and reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the short and long-term effects of the FIFA 11+ on knee strength, and muscle latency after sudden inversion of amateur futsal players.Methods: Seventy-one male futsal players were recruited and randomized to a FIFA 11+ (n = 37, age: 27.0 ± 5.1 years) and a control group (n = 34, age: 26.0 ± 5.1 years). The FIFA 11+ programme was executed twice a week, for 10 weeks, followed-up after 10 weeks where both groups executed regular warm-ups. Concentric and eccentric isokinetic knee muscle strength was tested and latency time of the evertor muscles after sudden inversion of the ankle was executed with a trapdoor mechanism following an EMG protocol of selected leg muscles (peroneus brevis and peroneus longus).Results: No significant difference were observed between groups for short-term changes in isokinetic strength after adjustment for baseline differences. At long-term, significant gains were obtained after adjustment for baseline differences in eccentric strength for both lower limbs as for the H/Q ratios for the dominant limb. No changes between groups were observed in the peroneus brevis and peroneus longus latency time.Conclusions: Performing FIFA 11+ did not have short-term effects on knee strength and muscle latency after sudden inversion in amateur futsal players. However, significant long-term benefits were observed for eccentric strength and H/Q ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lopes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Manuel Rodrigues
- IEETA - Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro and DETI - Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Rodrigues
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Costa
- School of Health Sciences and CINTESIS@UA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Lopes M, Simões D, Rodrigues JM, Costa R, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. The FIFA 11+ does not alter physical performance of amateur futsal players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:743-751. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McKenzie CR, Whatman C, Brughelli M, Borotkanics R. The effect of the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up on physical performance in youth netball players. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:91-98. [PMID: 30904750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up in improving physical performance measures in New Zealand secondary school netball players. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING A seven-week intervention study in secondary school netball. PARTICIPANTS 81 youth netball players (Intervention group, n = 45; Control group, n = 36). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance measures included prone hold, change of direction, sprint, vertical and horizontal jump, Y-balance and time-to-stabilisation. Mixed effects models and t-tests were used to determine significant differences of pre and post measures between groups. RESULTS Significant improvements in prone hold (β = 20.46 s; p = 0.01) and vertical jump (β = 6.73 cm; p = 0.01) were found in the intervention group compared to the control group, while horizontal jump was found to significantly decrease (β = -9.86 cm; p = 0.03) in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up can improve some physical performance measures in youth netball players. It is recommended that coaches should consider implementing the warm-up in their netball programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe R McKenzie
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Borotkanics
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Soares ATDS, Teixeira LP, Lara S. Desempenho isocinético de atletas de futsal sub-13 após a prática do protocolo Fifa 11+. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/18000226012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho isocinético da musculatura flexora e extensora do joelho de jogadores de futsal sub-13 após a prática de 18 semanas do protocolo Fifa 11+. Participaram 14 jogadores de futsal do sexo masculino com idade média de 12,58±0,66 anos. A avaliação da força foi realizada através do dinamômetro isocinético (Biodex System Pro 4™), nas velocidades de 60°/s, 180°/s e 300°/s, pré e pós-intervenção. O protocolo Fifa 11+ foi aplicado antes do início de cada treino regular, duas vezes por semana, durante 18 semanas, com duração aproximada de 25 minutos. Na análise pré-intervenção foi encontrada uma diferença entre o membro dominante e o não dominante superior a 10% no pico de torque de flexores e extensores a 60°/s e 180°/s, respectivamente. Já na análise pós-intervenção não foram encontradas tais assimetrias. Houve um aumento da relação agonista/antagonista no lado dominante na velocidade de 60°/s, pós-intervenção, aproximando-se do valor ideal proposto pela literatura (de 60%). Houve, ainda, aumento do desempenho isocinético dos atletas após a intervenção. Neste sentido, conclui-se que a aplicação de 18 semanas do protocolo Fifa 11+ promoveu uma melhora do desempenho isocinético das musculaturas extensoras e flexoras de joelho, além de diminuir as assimetrias musculares entre os membros em jovens atletas de futsal.
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Nawed A, Khan IA, Jalwan J, Nuhmani S, Muaidi QI. Efficacy of FIFA 11+ training program on functional performance in amateur male soccer players. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:867-870. [PMID: 29889058 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-171034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FIFA-Medical and Assessment Research Centre developed FIFA 11+ program as a warm-up program for soccer players. Although the FIFA 11+ program is a well-established warm-up protocol for injury prevention among soccer players, the program's performance enhancement aspect is not frequently discussed in the literature. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the FIFA 11+ training program on functional performance in amateur male soccer players. METHODS The study included 57 amateur male soccer players from Jamia Hamdard University, who were randomly placed in an experimental group (n= 29) or a control group (n= 28). The experimental group underwent the FIFA 11+ training program for 12 weeks (five times per week) and the control group continued their regular training. The study adopted a pretest-posttest design. The outcome measurements included the following tests: vertical jump, 20-yard sprint run, Illinois agility run test, and t-tests. RESULTS Vertical jump and sprint speed were significantly improved in the FIFA 11+ program group compared to the control group (p< 0.05). No statistically significant difference in agility parameters (p> 0.05) was found between the groups. CONCLUSION The results show that the FIFA 11+ program may improve the performance of young amateur soccer players. This study may serve as the foundation for further studies with larger participant numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Nawed
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Inab A Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Jalwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qassim I Muaidi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Beaudouin F, Rössler R, Aus der Fünten K, Bizzini M, Chomiak J, Verhagen E, Junge A, Dvorak J, Lichtenstein E, Meyer T, Faude O. Effects of the '11+ Kids' injury prevention programme on severe injuries in children's football: a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1418-1423. [PMID: 30279219 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effects of the injury prevention programme '11+ Kids' on reducing severe injuries in 7 to 13 year old football (soccer) players. METHODS Football clubs (under-9, under-11 and under-13 age groups) from the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland were cluster-randomised (clubs) into an intervention (INT) and a control group (CON). INT replaced their usual warm-up by '11+ Kids' two times a week. CON followed their regular training regime. Match and training exposure and injury characteristics were recorded and injury incidence rates (IRs) and 95% CIs calculated. For the present analysis, only severe injuries (absence from training/match ≥28 days) were considered. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using extended Cox models. RESULTS The overall IR of severe injuries per 1000 football hours was 0.33 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.43) in CON and 0.15 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.23) in INT. There was a reduction of severe overall (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.72), match (0.41, 0.17 to 0.95) and training injuries (0.42, 0.21 to 0.86) in INT. The injury types that were prevented the most were: other bone injuries 66%, fractures 49% and sprains and ligament injuries 37%. Severe injuries located at the knee (82%), hip/groin (81%), the foot/toe (80%) and the ankle (65%) were reduced tremendously. CONCLUSIONS '11+ Kids' has a large preventive effect on severe injuries by investing only 15 to 20 min per training session. The present results should motivate coaches to implement effective injury prevention programmes such as the '11+ Kids' in children's football. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02222025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beaudouin
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roland Rössler
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Aus der Fünten
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Schulthess Klinik and Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Chomiak
- Department of Orthopaedics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Junge
- Schulthess Klinik and Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Schulthess Klinik and Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Lichtenstein
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The fallacy of amelioration: Thinking through Knowledge Translation in sport and exercise medicine. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zarei M, Abbasi H, Daneshjoo A, Barghi TS, Rommers N, Faude O, Rössler R. Long-term effects of the 11+ warm-up injury prevention programme on physical performance in adolescent male football players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2447-2454. [PMID: 29638190 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1462001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the long-term effects of the 11+ on physical performance in adolescent male football (soccer) players. Eighty-two 14- to 16-year-old male football players (11+ = 42 players, control = 40 players) participated. Teams were randomised to control (CON) and intervention (INT) groups. INT applied the 11+ injury prevention programme for 30 weeks at least twice a week as a warm-up. CON performed their standard warm-up. Motor performance tests were conducted 1 week prior and 1 week after the competition season. We used magnitude-based inferences and linear mixed-effects models to analyse performance test results. INT showed superior results compared to CON in the vertical jump height 7.5% (95%-CI 4.4%, 10.7%), the Bosco 15-s-jump test 7.2% (95%-CI 2.2%, 12.4%), and the Illinois agility test -2.6% (95%-CI -4.1%, -1.1%). Possibly beneficial effects in favour of INT were found in the 9.1 m sprint test -3.1% (95%-CI -6.1%, 0.1%). Possibly harmful effects (i.e. in favour of CON) were observed in the dribbling test 2.8% (95%-CI -0.8%, 6.4%). The 11+ warm-up programme can improve different performance measures in football players. Coaches might implement additional dribbling drills next to the 11+ to achieve improvements observed in dribbling ability when using a regular warm-up programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zarei
- a Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences , University of Shahid Beheshti , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamed Abbasi
- b Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises , Sports Sciences Research Institute , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Daneshjoo
- c Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - Tohid Seif Barghi
- d Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IR Iran
| | - Nikki Rommers
- e Department of Movement and Sports Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.,f Department of Movement and Sports Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Oliver Faude
- g Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Roland Rössler
- g Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,h Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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Chen YS, Lai WL, Hou CW, Chen CH, Chiu YW, Bezzera P. Effect of post warm-up resting interval on static and dynamic balance, and maximal muscle strength followed by the FIFA 11+ and dynamic warm-up exercises. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:366-375. [PMID: 29619793 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that implementation of the FIFA11+ can immediately increase exercise performance. However, the elapsed time of post warm-up (WU) effect of the FIFA 11+ is unclear. METHODS Twenty-one male university football players were randomly assigned into the FIFA 11+ (N.=10) or control group (conventional dynamic WU exercise, N.=11). The participants performed static, drop jump, and maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) tests before and after the WU protocol in four different occasions with 0, 10, 20 or 30 min resting interval. Static balance with 4 sensory conditions (stable surface with eyes open, stable surface with eyes closed, unstable surface with eyes open, and unstable surface with eyes closed), drop jump (30 and 50 cm heights), and MVC of knee extension and flexion were examined. The electromyography (EMG) of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris were recorded during the drop jump and MVC measurements. The percentage of pre-and-post WU changes were used for comparison. RESULTS The MVC slightly decrease immediate after the FIFA11+ but slightly increase after 10, 20, and 30 min resting interval. However, there was no significant difference in all variables during static and dynamic balance measurements and the EMG measurements. No between-group differences were found in all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The benefit of WU effect on neuromuscular performance lasts 30 min after FIFA11+ WU activity. Considerations to implement FIFA11+ or conventional dynamic WU exercises for beneficial strategy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan -
| | - Wai-Lin Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Wen Hou
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Sports Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pedro Bezzera
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Melgaço, Portugal
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Effect of the 11+ injury prevention programme on fundamental movement patterns in soccer players. Biol Sport 2018; 35:229-236. [PMID: 30449940 PMCID: PMC6224851 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.74636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No studies have assessed whether changes in an individual’s fundamental movement patterns can be achieved with the 11+ prevention programme in soccer players. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the 11+ compared with a standard warm-up on fundamental movement patterns using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in amateur male soccer players. Twenty-three male soccer players (age: 24.7±.3.8 years; height: 1.77±0.58 m; body mass: 73.9±6.2 kg) were randomly assigned to the 11+ (n= 12) or control (n= 11) group. The intervention programme had to be carried out 3 times a week over 6 weeks. The 11+ warm-up lasted ~25 minutes and was conducted before starting regular practice, replacing the team’s standard warm-up. The control group warmed up with standard jogging, ball exercises, and active stretching to match the duration of the 11+. Within-group analysis revealed significant improvements in the FMS total score in the 11+ (+10.51%; d= 0.83) and control group (+7.99%; d= 0.68) from pre-test to post-test. In the between-group analysis, there were no significant differences between groups. At the post-test a significantly greater number of players in the 11+ group exhibited a score that improved to above the injury threshold (≤14) (p= 0.046). This study suggests that regular implementation of the 11+ injury prevention programme may not produce additional improvements in fundamental movement patterns other than those produced by a standard warm-up.
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Pérez-Silvestre Á, Albert-Lucena D, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Plaza-Manzano G, Pecos-Martín D, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Martín-Casas P, Romero-Franco N. Six weeks of multistation program on the knee proprioception and performance of futsal players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:399-406. [PMID: 29589410 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprioception and vertical jump are important parameters in the performance and prevention of injuries in futsal. However, very few studies have analyzed the role of multistation exercises to improve these variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a six-week multistation exercise program on knee joint position sense (JPS) and countermovement jump (CMJ) of futsal players. METHODS Thirty-four male futsal players randomly classified into experimental (N.=17) or control group (N.=17). The experimental group included a multistation exercise protocol to their training routines (2 times/week - 6 weeks); the control group continued their training routines. All the players completed similar training routines outside of the multistation exercises. Before (baseline), just after the intervention (Post6Wk) and four weeks later (Post10Wk), CMJ and knee JPS (absolute, relative and variable angular error: AAE, RAE and VAE, respectively) were evaluated. RESULTS ANOVA showed that the experimental group significantly decreased VAE at Post10Wk compared to baseline, suggestive of greater proprioceptive precision, while the control group significantly increased AAE, RAE and VAE at Post10Wk compared to baseline. The experimental group exhibited lower and thus, better AAE and VAE than the control group at Post10Wk, although no significant differences were found at Post6Wk. No significant differences was found in the CMJ. CONCLUSIONS A six weeks of multistation program may help improve proprioceptive precision of futsal players, even one month after finishing the 6-wk multistation training program. However, this is not long enough to improve proprioceptive acuity and maximum vertical jump. Therefore, the meaningful of these results in term of performance are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guido F Gómez-Chiguano
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Hydrology, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Martín-Casas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Hydrology, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Romero-Franco
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain -
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Krommes K, Petersen J, Nielsen MB, Aagaard P, Hölmich P, Thorborg K. Sprint and jump performance in elite male soccer players following a 10-week Nordic Hamstring exercise Protocol: a randomised pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:669. [PMID: 29202784 PMCID: PMC5716363 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The preseason Nordic Hamstring Protocol (NHP) reduces hamstring strain injuries in football players. Despite persisting injury rates, elite clubs are reluctant to apply the NHP often over concerns of negative impacts on performance. This pilot study investigated if sprint or jump-performance outcomes tended to increase or decrease following implementation of the NHP in elite male soccer-players. RESULTS Nineteen male soccer players from the Danish 1st division were randomised to perform NHP (27 sessions) during pre-season, or to control group (CG). Sprint performance (30 m with 5 and 10 m split times) and countermovement jump (CMJ height) was measured before the mid-seasonal break and again after 10 weeks of performing the NHP at the end of pre-season. Dropouts were due to transfers and injuries unrelated to performing NHP (NHP = 0, CG = 5). Sprint performance on the short split distances improved for most players in the NHP (6 out of 9 improved, median changes for 5 m split: - 0.068 s; 10 m split: - 0.078 s), but not CG (2 out of 5 improved, median changes for 5 m split: + 0.1 s; 10 m split: CG: + 0.11 s), but both groups had small declines at 30 m sprint (NHP: 7 out of 9 declined, median changes: + 0.116 s; CG: 4 out of 5 declined, median changes: + 0.159 s). CMJ height mostly improved in both groups (NHP: 6 out of 9 improved, median changes: + 2.1 cm; CG: 4 out of 8 improved, median changes: + 0.55 cm). Performing the NHP in elite soccer players did therefore not seem to negatively affect sprint and vertical jump performance outcomes in the present study, while in fact showing some promise for the more explosive characteristics such as the short 5 and 10 m split-times and maximal CMJ height, which all are highly relevant performance parameters in elite football.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krommes
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark. .,Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J Petersen
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - M B Nielsen
- Department of Radiology, Section of Ultrasound, Diagnostic Centre, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Hölmich
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - K Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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ISOKINETIC KNEE MUSCLE STRENGTH PROFILE IN BRAZILIAN MALE SOCCER, FUTSAL, AND BEACH SOCCER PLAYERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:1103-1110. [PMID: 29234562 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20171103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior cruciate ligament injury is higher in soccer athletes as compared to athletes of other sports. Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury include low knee hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio and bilateral strength deficits. Purpose To investigate isokinetic thigh muscles strength, hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio, and bilateral strength comparisons in athletes who participate in professional soccer, futsal, and beach soccer. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Brazilian professional soccer (n=70), futsal (n=30), and beach soccer (n=12) players were isokinetically assessed to examine strength of knee extensors and flexors at 60 degrees/second in concentric mode, to measure peak torque of dominant and non-dominant limbs. Results In the dominant limb, for extensors muscles, futsal players presented significantly lower peak torque values (223.9 ± 33.4 Nm) than soccer (250.9 ± 43.0 Nm; p=0.02) and beach soccer players (253.1 ± 32.4 Nm; p=0.03). Peak torque for extensor muscles in the non-dominant limb was significantly lower in futsal (224.0 ± 35.8 Nm) than in beach soccer players (256.8 ± 39.8 Nm; p=0.03). Hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio for dominant limbs for futsal (57.6 ± 10.1%), soccer (53.5 ± 8.8%), and beach soccer (56.3 ± 8.4%) players presented no significant differences between groups; however, the mean values were lower than recommended values found in the literature. There were no strength deficits for any of the evaluated groups when compared bilaterally. Conclusions Futsal athletes presented lower values for quadriceps strength than soccer and beach soccer athletes. Futsal, soccer, and beach soccer players presented no strength asymmetries, but they presented with strength imbalance in hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio. Level of Evidence 3.
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Harøy J, Thorborg K, Serner A, Bjørkheim A, Rolstad LE, Hölmich P, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Including the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise in the FIFA 11+ Provides Missing Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength Effect in Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:3052-3059. [PMID: 28806100 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517720194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FIFA 11+ was developed as a complete warm-up program to prevent injuries in soccer players. Although reduced hip adduction strength is associated with groin injuries, none of the exercises included in the FIFA 11+ seem to specifically target hip adduction strength. PURPOSE To investigate the effect on eccentric hip adduction strength of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program with or without the Copenhagen adduction exercise. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS We recruited 45 eligible players from 2 U19 elite male soccer teams. Players were randomized into 2 groups; 1 group carried out the standard FIFA 11+ program, while the other carried out the FIFA 11+ but replaced the Nordic hamstring exercise with the Copenhagen adduction exercise. Both groups performed the intervention 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Players completed eccentric strength and sprint testing before and after the intervention. Per-protocol analyses were performed, and 12 players were excluded due to low compliance (<67% of sessions completed). The main outcome was eccentric hip adduction strength (N·m/kg). RESULTS Between-group analyses revealed a significantly greater increase in eccentric hip adduction strength of 0.29 Nm/kg (8.9%; P = .01) in favor of the group performing the Copenhagen adduction exercise, whereas no within-group change was noted in the group that used the standard FIFA 11+ program (-0.02 N·m/kg [-0.7%]; P = .69). CONCLUSION Including the Copenhagen adduction exercise in the FIFA 11+ program increases eccentric hip adduction strength, while the standard FIFA 11+ program does not. Registration: Registration: ISRCTN13731446 (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joar Harøy
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Andreas Serner
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark.,Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - André Bjørkheim
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn E Rolstad
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Hölmich
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Faude O, Rössler R, Petushek EJ, Roth R, Zahner L, Donath L. Neuromuscular Adaptations to Multimodal Injury Prevention Programs in Youth Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Physiol 2017; 8:791. [PMID: 29075200 PMCID: PMC5643472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Neuromuscular injury prevention programs (IPP) can reduce injury rate by about 40% in youth sport. Multimodal IPP include, for instance, balance, strength, power, and agility exercises. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of multimodal IPP on neuromuscular performance in youth sports. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search including selected search terms related to youth sports, injury prevention, and neuromuscular performance. Inclusion criteria were: (i) the study was a (cluster-)randomized controlled trial (RCT), and (ii) investigated healthy participants, up to 20 years of age and involved in organized sport, (iii) an intervention arm performing a multimodal IPP was compared to a control arm following a common training regime, and (iv) neuromuscular performance parameters (e.g., balance, power, strength, sprint) were assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated IPP effects on sport-specific skills. Results: Fourteen RCTs (comprising 704 participants) were analyzed. Eight studies included only males, and five only females. Seventy-one percent of all studies investigated soccer players with basketball, field hockey, futsal, Gaelic football, and hurling being the remaining sports. The average age of the participants ranged from 10 years up to 19 years and the level of play from recreational to professional. Intervention durations ranged from 4 weeks to 4.5 months with a total of 12 to 57 training sessions. We observed a small overall effect in favor of IPP for balance/stability (Hedges' g = 0.37; 95%CI 0.17, 0.58), leg power (g = 0.22; 95%CI 0.07, 0.38), and isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength as well as hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (g = 0.38; 95%CI 0.21, 0.55). We found a large overall effect for sprint abilities (g = 0.80; 95%CI 0.50, 1.09) and sport-specific skills (g = 0.83; 95%CI 0.34, 1.32). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effects in high-level (g = 0.34–1.18) compared to low-level athletes (g = 0.22–0.75), in boys (g = 0.27–1.02) compared to girls (g = 0.09–0.38), in older (g = 0.32–1.16) compared to younger athletes (g = 0.18–0.51), and in studies with high (g = 0.35–1.16) compared to low (g = 0.12–0.38) overall number of training sessions. Conclusion: Multimodal IPP beneficially affect neuromuscular performance. These improvements may substantiate the preventative efficacy of IPP and may support the wide-spread implementation and dissemination of IPP. The study has been a priori registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016053407).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Rössler
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Public and Occupational Health & Amsterdam Movement Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erich J Petushek
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Zahner
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Pappas E, Sinclair PJ, Sanders RH. Adding a post-training FIFA 11+ exercise program to the pre-training FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduces injury rates among male amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised trial. J Physiother 2017; 63:235-242. [PMID: 28939307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Does adding a post-training Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ exercise program to the pre-training FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduce injury rates among male amateur soccer players? DESIGN Cluster-randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one teams of male amateur soccer players aged 14 to 35 years were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10 teams, 160 players) or the control group (n=11 teams, 184 players). INTERVENTION Both groups performed pre-training FIFA 11+ exercises for 20minutes. The experimental group also performed post-training FIFA 11+ exercises for 10minutes. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes measures were incidence of overall injury, incidence of initial and recurrent injury, and injury severity. The secondary outcome measure was compliance to the experimental intervention (pre and post FIFA 11+ program) and the control intervention (pre FIFA 11+ program). RESULTS During one season, 26 injuries (team mean=0.081 injuries/1000 exposure hours, SD=0.064) were reported in the experimental group, and 82 injuries were reported in the control group (team mean=0.324 injuries/1000hours, SD=0.084). Generalised Estimating Equations were applied with an intention-to-treat analysis. The pre and post FIFA 11+ program reduced the total number of injuries (χ2 (1)=11.549, p=0.001) and the incidence of initial injury (χ2 (2)=8.987, p=0.003) significantly more than the pre FIFA 11+ program alone. However, the odds of suffering a recurrent injury were not different between the two groups (χ2 (1)=2.350, p=0.125). Moreover, the severity level of injuries was not dependent upon whether or not the pre and post FIFA 11+ program was implemented (χ2 (1)=0.016, p=0.898). CONCLUSION Implementation of the FIFA 11+ program pre-training and post-training reduced overall injury rates in male amateur soccer players more than the pre FIFA 11+ program alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12615001206516. [Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Pappas E, Sinclair PJ, Sanders RH (2017) Adding a post-training FIFA 11+ exercise program to the pre-training FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduces injury rates among male amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 63: 235-242].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Saleh A Al Attar
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeebullah Soomro
- Broken Hill University Department of Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Sinclair
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross H Sanders
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Thorborg K, Krommes KK, Esteve E, Clausen MB, Bartels EM, Rathleff MS. Effect of specific exercise-based football injury prevention programmes on the overall injury rate in football: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the FIFA 11 and 11+ programmes. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:562-571. [PMID: 28087568 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of FIFA injury prevention programmes in football (FIFA 11 and FIFA 11+). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised controlled trials comparing the FIFA injury prevention programmes with a control (no or sham intervention) among football players. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL via Ebsco, Web of Science, SportDiscus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from 2004 to 14 March 2016. RESULTS 6 cluster-randomised controlled trials had assessed the effect of FIFA injury prevention programmes compared with controls on the overall football injury incidence in recreational/subelite football. These studies included 2 specific exercise-based injury prevention programmes: FIFA 11 (2 studies) and FIFA 11+ (4 studies). The primary analysis showed a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio of 0.75 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.98), p=0.04, in favour of the FIFA injury prevention programmes. Secondary analyses revealed that when pooling the 4 studies applying the FIFA 11+ prevention programme, a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.77, p<0.001) was present in favour of the FIFA 11+ prevention programme. No reduction was present when pooling the 2 studies including the FIFA 11 prevention programme (IRR 0.99; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.23, p=0.940). CONCLUSIONS An injury-preventing effect of the FIFA injury prevention programmes compared with controls was shown in football. This effect was induced by the FIFA 11+ prevention programme which has a substantial injury-preventing effect by reducing football injuries by 39%, whereas a preventive effect of the FIFA 11 prevention programme could not be documented. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42015024120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Thorborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kühn Krommes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ernest Esteve
- University School of Health and Sport Sciences, Universitat de Girona (EUSES-UdG), Carrer de Francesc Macia 65, Girona, Spain.,Sportclinic, Physiotherapy and Sports Training Center, Girona, Spain
| | - Mikkel Bek Clausen
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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44
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Bizzini M, Dvorak J. FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide-a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 2016; 49:577-9. [PMID: 25878073 PMCID: PMC4413741 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, FIFA promoted and disseminated the FIFA 11+ injury prevention programme worldwide. Developed and studied by the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), the programme was based on a randomised controlled study and one countrywide campaign in amateur football that significantly reduced injuries and healthcare costs. Since the FIFA 11+ launch, key publications have confirmed the preventive effects of the programme and have evaluated its performance effects in female as well as male amateur football players. Furthermore, implementation strategies of this prevention programme have also been studied. The goal of this narrative review was to summarise the available scientific evidence about the FIFA 11+ programme. While FIFA continues to disseminate and implement FIFA 11+ among its Member Associations, adaptations of the injury prevention programme for children and referees have been developed and are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bizzini
- FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre, and Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre, and Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Rössler R, Donath L, Bizzini M, Faude O. A new injury prevention programme for children’s football – FIFA 11+ Kids – can improve motor performance: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:549-56. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1099715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Rössler R, Donath L, Verhagen E, Junge A, Schweizer T, Faude O. Exercise-based injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 2015; 44:1733-48. [PMID: 25129698 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promotion of sport and physical activity (PA) for children is widely recommended to support a healthy lifestyle, but being engaged in sport bears the risk of sustaining injuries. Injuries, in turn, can lead to a reduction in current and future involvement in PA and, therefore, may negatively affect future health as well as quality of life. Thus, sports injury prevention is of particular importance in youth. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the effectiveness of exercise-based injury prevention programs in child and adolescent sport in general, and with respect to different characteristics of the target group, injury prevention program, and outcome variables. DATA SOURCES An Internet-based literature search was conducted in six databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus) using the following search terms with Boolean conjunction: (sport injur* OR athletic injur* OR sport accident*) AND (prevent* OR prophylaxis OR avoidance) AND (child* OR adolescent OR youth). STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials and controlled intervention studies in organized sport, published in English in a peer-reviewed journal, analyzing the effects of an exercise-based injury prevention program in athletes younger than 19 years of age. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers evaluated eligibility and methodological quality. Main outcome extracted was the rate ratio (RR). Statistical analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance random effects model. RESULTS Twenty-one trials, conducted on a total of 27,561 athletes (median age 16.7 years [range 10.7-17.8]), were included. The overall RR was 0.54 (95% CI 0.45-0.67) [p < 0.001]. Girls profited more from injury prevention than boys (p = 0.05). Both prevention programs with a focus on specific injuries (RR 0.48 [95% CI 0.37-0.63]) and those aiming at all injuries (RR 0.62 [95% CI 0.48-0.81]) showed significant reduction effects. Pre-season and in-season interventions were similarly beneficial (p = 0.93). Studies on programs that include jumping/plyometric exercises showed a significant better (p = 0.002) injury preventive effect (RR 0.45 [95% CI 0.35-0.57], Z = 6.35, p < 0.001) than studies without such exercises (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.61-0.90], Z = 3.03, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The results provide good evidence and clearly demonstrate beneficial effects of exercise-based injury prevention programs in youth sports as they can result in statistically significant and practically relevant injury reduction. In particular, multimodal programs including jumping/plyometric exercises can be recommended. However, there is a considerable lack of data for children (under 14 years of age) and for individual sports in general. Future research should include these groups and focus on the effect of specific exercises and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Rössler
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, CH-4052, Basel, Switzerland,
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Hammes D, Aus der Fünten K, Kaiser S, Frisen E, Bizzini M, Meyer T. Injury prevention in male veteran football players - a randomised controlled trial using "FIFA 11+". J Sports Sci 2014; 33:873-81. [PMID: 25370591 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.975736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The warm-up programme "FIFA 11+" has been shown to reduce football injuries in different populations, but so far veteran players have not been investigated. Due to differences in age, skill level and gender, a simple transfer of these results to veteran football is not recommended. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of the "FIFA 11+" in veteran football players. Twenty veteran football teams were recruited for a prospective 9-month (1 season) cluster-randomised trial. The intervention group (INT, n = 146; 45 ± 8 years) performed the "FIFA 11+" at the beginning of each training session, while the control group (CON, n = 119; 43 ± 6 years) followed its regular training routine. Player exposure hours and injuries were recorded according to an international consensus statement. No significant difference was found between INT and CON in overall injury incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.91 [0.64-1.48]; P = 0.89). Only severe injuries reached statistical significance with higher incidence in CON (IRR: 0.46 [0.21-0.97], P = 0.04). Regular conduction (i.e. once a week) of the "FIFA 11+" did not prevent injuries in veteran footballers under real training and competition circumstances. The lack of preventive effects is likely due to the too low overall frequency of training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hammes
- a Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
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Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine position statement: Neuromuscular training programs can decrease anterior cruciate ligament injuries in youth soccer players. Clin J Sport Med 2014; 24:263-7. [PMID: 24776712 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bizzini M, Junge A, Dvorak J. Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: how to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47:803-6. [PMID: 23813485 PMCID: PMC3717809 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, injury prevention has received a lot of attention in sports medicine, and recently international sports-governing bodies, such as the International Olympic Committee, declared the protection of the athletes' health as one of their major objectives. In 1994, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) established its Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) with the aim 'to prevent football injuries and to promote football as a health-enhancing leisure activity, improving social behaviour'. Since then, FIFA has developed and evaluated its injury-prevention programmes 'The 11' and 'FIFA 11+' have demonstrated in several scientific studies how simple exercise-based programmes can decrease the incidence of injuries in amateur football players. This paper summarises 18 years of scientific and on-field work in injury prevention by an international sports federation (FIFA), from formulating the aim to make its sport safer to the worldwide dissemination of its injury-prevention programme in amateur football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bizzini
- Medical Assessment and Research Centre, and Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
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