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Truong-Vu KP. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in the Timing of Initiating the HPV Vaccine in the United States: the Case of Southeast Asian Americans. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2210-2223. [PMID: 37531020 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, non-Latinx (NL) Southeast Asian Americans have the highest incidence of HPV-associated cervical cancer in the US. Little is known about NL-Southeast Asian Americans' HPV vaccination coverage due to being categorized under the "Asian American" monolith. Therefore, this study uses restricted data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to disaggregate NL-Southeast Asian Americans and compare this population's age-specific probabilities of initiating HPV vaccinations to two Asian American subgroups (NL-East Asian and NL-South Asian Americans) and NL-White, NL-Black, and Latinx Americans. Multinomial logistic regression models examine the differences in the timing of initiating the HPV vaccine series, late (ages 13-26) or never, relative to on-time vaccination (by age 12). NL-Southeast Asian Americans are significantly more likely to never vaccinate and to vaccinate late than NL-White, NL-Black, and Latinx Americans, relative to on-time vaccination. NL-Southeast Asian American boys/men are significantly more likely to never initiate the HPV vaccine than Latinx boys/men, relative to on-time vaccination. NL-Southeast Asian American girls/women are significantly more likely to never vaccinate and vaccinate late than NL-White, NL-Black, and Latinx girls/women, relative to on-time vaccination. There are significant gender differences in uptake among all racial and ethnic groups, except among NL-Southeast and NL-East Asian Americans. Disaggregated data on NL-Southeast Asian Americans helps scholars and public health officials uncover health disparities and improve health interventions. Targeted HPV vaccine promotion and services for this population are needed to mitigate current and future health disparities and promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Phuong Truong-Vu
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Miami, 5202 University Dr., Coral Gables, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
- Cancer Control, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- CU Population Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Mann-Barnes T, Bhimla A, Coronado M, Lin T, Duro-Aina A, Park H, Ma GX. Factors that Predict HPV Vaccination Behavior Among Young Men-Who-Have-Sex-with-Men in the Greater Philadelphia Region. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2167-2174. [PMID: 36036840 PMCID: PMC9422934 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the USA. HPV is acknowledged as one of the leading causes of anal cancer, with an increased risk in men who have sex with men (MSM), when compared to age-matched heterosexual men. This study highlights the various factors that influence and impede HPV vaccination uptake among a multiracial cohort of young-MSM (YMSM). A total of 444 participants aged 18 to 27 in the Greater Philadelphia region completed an online survey. Approximately 75.79% (n = 335) of participants did not receive at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Having a healthcare provider recommendation (OR = 25.54, 95% CI: 25.54-85.42, p < 0.001) and a one unit increase in experiences of adverse effects of stigma and homophobia (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, p = 0.044) were associated with a greater likelihood of receiving the HPV vaccine uptake. Having a greater number of sexual partners (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97, p = 0.014) and having had condomless anal sex in the past 6 months (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.58, p < 0.001) were associated with a lower odds of HPV vaccine uptake. In conclusion, healthcare provider-focused interventions and educational programs are needed to increase awareness and uptake of the HPV vaccine to mitigate the risks associated with sexual behaviors among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrell Mann-Barnes
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aisha Bhimla
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Coronado
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timmy Lin
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adebola Duro-Aina
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hemi Park
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Condrat CE, Cretoiu D, Radoi VE, Mihele DM, Tovaru M, Bordea CI, Voinea SC, Suciu N. Unraveling Immunological Dynamics: HPV Infection in Women-Insights from Pregnancy. Viruses 2023; 15:2011. [PMID: 37896788 PMCID: PMC10611104 DOI: 10.3390/v15102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, hormonal and immune adaptations are vital for supporting the genetically distinct fetus during elevated infection risks. The global prevalence of HPV necessitates its consideration during pregnancy. Despite a seemingly mild immune response, historical gestational viral infections underscore its significance. Acknowledging the established HPV infection risks during pregnancy, our review explores the unfolding immunological changes in pregnant women with HPV. Our analysis aims to uncover strategies for safely modulating the immune system, mitigating adverse pregnancy consequences, and enhancing maternal and child health. This comprehensive narrative review delves into the existing knowledge and studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Condrat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.C.)
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (V.E.R.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorica Elena Radoi
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (V.E.R.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Mihaela Mihele
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tovaru
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Ioan Bordea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 252 Fundeni Rd., 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Cristian Voinea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 252 Fundeni Rd., 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.C.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
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Dufour L, Carrouel F, Dussart C. Human Papillomaviruses in Adolescents: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Pharmacists Regarding Virus and Vaccination in France. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030778. [PMID: 36992485 PMCID: PMC10058809 DOI: 10.3390/v15030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, and their oncogenic role has been well demonstrated in genital, anal, and oropharyngeal areas. However, a certain distrust and a lack of knowledge about this vaccine are perceptible among French adolescents and their parents. Thus, health professionals and, more particularly, pharmacists appear to be key persons to promote HPV vaccination and restore confidence in the target population. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV vaccination among pharmacists, particularly in boys, following the 2019 recommendation to vaccinate them. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive survey that was conducted from March to September 2021 among pharmacists in France. 215 complete questionnaires were collected. Gaps in knowledge were found, only 21.4% and 8.4% obtained a high level of knowledge related to, respectively, HPV and vaccination. Pharmacists were confident in the HPV vaccine (94.4%), found it safe and useful, and felt that the promotion of the vaccine was part of their role (94.0%). However, only a few have already advised it, which they justify due to a lack of opportunity and forgetfulness. Faced with this, training, computerized reminders, or supportive materials could be implemented to improve the advice and thus the vaccination coverage. Finally, 64.2% were in favor of a pharmacy-based vaccination program. In conclusion, pharmacists are interested in this vaccination and the role of promoter. However, they need the means to facilitate this mission: training, computer alerts, supportive materials such as flyers, and the implementation of vaccination in pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dufour
- Laboratory "Health, Systemic, Process" (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory "Health, Systemic, Process" (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Dussart
- Laboratory "Health, Systemic, Process" (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
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HPV Vaccination among Polish Adolescents-Results from POLKA 18 Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122385. [PMID: 36553909 PMCID: PMC9777763 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and genital warts and constitutes one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Cervical cancer is the only reproductive cancer that has a primary prevention programme through the introduction of HPV vaccinations. Even though the majority of European countries have nationally funded HPV vaccination programmes, in Poland these are exclusively local and scarcely funded. Moreover, the majority of local programmes are directed to females only. Meanwhile, Poland has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence rates among high income countries. The aim of this study was to measure HPV vaccination levels among final-year students in Poland and to establish the association between vaccination status and gender, region and level of sexual education received. This study is a part of the POLKA 18 Study, which used original self-reported paper-based questionnaires distributed in schools in six Polish regions. The study was conducted between April and December 2019. The obtained data were analysed in STATA 17. In total, 2701 fully completed questionnaires were collected. Over half of the respondents (58.2%) did not know their HPV vaccination status. Only 16.0% of the respondents replied that they have been vaccinated against HPV (18.2% of females and 14.5% of males). There was no direct association between vaccination status and access to ‘family life education’ classes. The vaccination level significantly differed among the different regions of Poland (p < 0.0001), with the Śląskie and Wielkopolskie regions achieving the highest rates. At least a quarter of adolescents after their sexual debut have not been vaccinated against HPV. Regions with immunization programmes introduced to their provincial capitals had higher vaccination rates. Our findings indicate the need for the introduction of state-funded vaccination programmes at the national level for the vaccination rate to increase, which will have the potential to decrease cervical cancer incidence in the country.
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Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) Networks and Splicing Switches in Cervical Cancer: HPV Oncogenesis, Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091852. [PMID: 36144454 PMCID: PMC9501168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the primary cause of female cancer fatalities in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Persistent infections from the human papillomavirus (HPV) can result in cervical cancer. However, numerous different factors influence the development and progression of cervical cancer. Transcriptomic knowledge of the mechanisms with which HPV causes cervical cancer pathogenesis is growing. Nonetheless, there is an existing gap hindering the development of therapeutic approaches and the improvement of patient outcomes. Alternative splicing allows for the production of numerous RNA transcripts and protein isoforms from a single gene, increasing the transcriptome and protein diversity in eukaryotes. Cancer cells exhibit astounding transcriptome modifications by expressing cancer-specific splicing isoforms. High-risk HPV uses cellular alternative splicing events to produce viral and host splice variants and proteins that drive cancer progression or contribute to distinct cancer hallmarks. Understanding how viruses utilize alternative splicing to drive pathogenesis and tumorigenesis is essential. Although research into the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis is advancing, the function of other non-coding RNAs, including lncRNA and circRNA, has been understudied. Through their interaction with mRNA, non-coding RNAs form a network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which regulate gene expression and promote cervical cancer development and advancement. The dysregulated expression of non-coding RNAs is an understudied and tangled process that promotes cervical cancer development. This review will present the role of aberrant alternative splicing and immunosuppression events in HPV-mediated cervical tumorigenesis, and ceRNA network regulation in cervical cancer pathogenesis will also be discussed. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of splicing disruptor drugs in cervical cancer will be deliberated.
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Zhang ER, Pfeiffer RM, Austin A, Clarke MA, Hayes J, Horner MJ, Monterosso A, Pawlish KS, Engels EA, Shiels MS. Impact of HIV on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Rates in the United States, 2001-2015. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1246-1252. [PMID: 35575389 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has increased in the U.S. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an elevated risk of anal SCC, and changes in the number of anal SCCs among PLWH may have influenced general population trends. METHODS Data were obtained from a linkage of HIV and cancer registries in 12 U.S. regions. The proportion of anal SCCs occurring among PLWH was estimated by sex, age group and race and ethnicity. To assess the impact of anal SCCs among PLWH on general population trends, annual percentage changes (APCs) in incidence rates including and excluding anal SCCs among PLWH were estimated. RESULTS Between 2001-2015, 14.5% of 16,110 anal SCC diagnoses occurred in PLWH. In 2013-2015, 33% of anal SCCs among men occurred in PLWH, but only 3% among women. The proportion of anal SCCs among PLWH was highest among 20-49-year-olds and Black and Hispanic individuals. General population anal SCC trends among men were strongly influenced by cases among PLWH: rates increased 4.6%/year [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4%, 8.0%] from 2001-2009 followed by a non-significant decline (APC: -2.7%/year [95%CI: -7.1, 2.0%]) from 2009-2015, but without anal SCCs among PLWH, rates were stable (APC: 0.7%, [95%CI: -0.8%-2.3%]). Anal SCC rates among women increased 3.8%/year (95%CI 3.2%-4.4%) during 2001-2012 and then declined non-significantly (APC=-3.8; 95%CI -6.9, -0.6), and anal SCCs among PLWH had little impact on these trends. CONCLUSION During 2001-2015, anal SCCs among PLWH contributed strongly to changes in incidence trends in the general U.S. population among men, but not women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; United States
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; United States
| | - April Austin
- New York State Cancer Registry, New York Department of Health, Albany, NY; United States
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; United States
| | - Jennifer Hayes
- Maryland Cancer Registry,Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD; United States
| | - Marie-Josèphe Horner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; United States
| | - Analise Monterosso
- HIV/STD/HCV Epidemiology and Surveillance, Branch, Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX; United States
| | - Karen S Pawlish
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ; United States
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; United States
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; United States
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Gender Differences in Knowledge and Attitude towards HPV and HPV Vaccine among College Students in Wenzhou, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010010. [PMID: 35062671 PMCID: PMC8779512 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine human papillomavirus (HPV)-related awareness and willingness to receive HPV vaccination among college students, in Wenzhou, and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among college students in Wenzhou to investigate their knowledge, attitude, and factors affecting their willingness to receive HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 1035 questionnaires were collected, of which 1002 were valid (males: 374, females: 628). In total, 904 (90.2%) college students had heard of HPV, with a lower rate among males than females (85.3% vs. 93.2%, p < 0.05) and 693 (69.2%) had heard of the HPV vaccine, with a significantly lower rate among males than females (53.7% vs. 78.3%, p < 0.05). Overall awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine among males and females was moderate, with lower awareness among males. A total of 55.9% of males and 80.4% of females indicated that they would be willing to receive the HPV vaccine, a significant difference (p < 0.001). The price, safety of HPV vaccine, and lack of knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine were the major barriers to HPV vaccination for college students. Compared to females, inadequate knowledge of HPV was the main barrier factor for HPV vaccination among male college students. Conclusions: The overall knowledge level of males is lower than that of females. For male college students, providing more knowledge about HPV infection is helpful to promote their willingness to vaccinate. It is necessary to promote HPV-related knowledge for male and female college students, respectively.
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Olivera C, Mosmann JP, Paira DA, Molina RI, Tissera AD, Motrich RD, Cuffini CG, Rivero VE. Association between Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in male partners of infertile couples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19924. [PMID: 34620929 PMCID: PMC8497555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of HPV infection and its relationship with other sexually transmitted infections was analyzed in a cohort of 117 male partners of infertile couples from Cordoba, Argentina. Semen samples and urethral swabs were obtained and the infection with HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was analyzed. A prevalence of HPV infection of 27.4% was found. Interestingly, infections by exclusively low risk HPV genotypes or high/intermediate risk HPV genotypes were present in 64.5% and 22.6% of cases, respectively. Low risk-HPV6 was the most frequently detected genotype. Remarkably, HPV and C. trachomatis infections were significantly associated to each other (OR: 11.55, 95% CI 1.14-117.06). No significant differences in sperm quality were found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients indicating that HPV male urogenital infection does not impair sperm quality. Our results show a high prevalence of HPV urogenital infection among male partners of infertile couples, and that HPV and C. trachomatis infections are reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Moreover, our results suggest that men constitute a reservoir for continued transmission of C. trachomatis and HPV to women highlighting the need for routine screening for these two pathogens in male partners of infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olivera
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jessica P. Mosmann
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Instituto de Virología “Dr. José M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Paira
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa I. Molina
- Laboratorio de Andrología Y Reproducción, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Rubén D. Motrich
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia G. Cuffini
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Instituto de Virología “Dr. José M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia E. Rivero
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Hebnes JB, Munk C, Frederiksen K, Joergensen HO, Iftner T, Kjaer SK. The role of circumcision, tobacco, and alcohol use in genital human papillomavirus infection among men from Denmark. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 32:1028-1035. [PMID: 33978528 DOI: 10.1177/09564624211014727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial to understand the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men to prevent the increasing male HPV-related disease burden. We evaluated the associations between HPV infection and circumcision, smoking, and alcohol use after accounting for sexual behavior. The study included 2331 male personnel from Danish barracks. Penile swabs were tested for HPV DNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, INNO-LiPA. All men completed a self-administered questionnaire providing data on potential risk factors for HPV such as lifestyle and sexual habits. Using multivariable logistic regression, associations between potential risk factors and HPV infection were estimated and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current cigarette smoking was associated with increased odds of HPV detection (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1.4), but we found no association with alcohol use in the analysis adjusted for sexual behavior. Circumcision reduced the odds of a prevalent HPV infection (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-1.0) although not statistically significantly. Strong associations with lifetime and recent number of female sex partners were observed, but in contrast to uncircumcised men, increasing number of sex partners was not associated with higher HPV prevalence in circumcised men. In conclusion, smoking was associated with increased odds of penile HPV in men from the general population in Denmark, whereas circumcision seemed to reduce the risk. Moreover, our results indicated that there might be differences in the viral susceptibility between circumcised and uncircumcised men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Hebnes
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, 165143Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Munk
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, 165143Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Frederiksen
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, 165143Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Iftner
- Medical Virology, Section of Experimental Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, 165143Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Griffin M, Jaiswal J, Stults CB. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates by Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Among 18-44-Year-Olds in the U.S. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3079-3092. [PMID: 33942195 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the U.S., human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended for individuals up to age 26, although the vaccination is currently approved for all people up to the age of 45. This research sought to explore HPV vaccination disparities by age with subgroup analysis by gender identity and sexual orientation groups, as well as sociodemographic factors that may serve as barriers to or facilitators of vaccination. This study used data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Only data for individuals who reported their gender identity, sexual orientation, and HPV vaccination status were included in the analytic sample (n = 7330). HPV vaccination rates for this sample were low, as only 18.2% (n = 1332) of the sample had received the HPV vaccination. These low rates of vaccination were similar across all subsamples: cisgender men (9.8%, n = 343), cisgender women (25.8%, n = 985), heterosexuals (17.5%, n = 1197), lesbian women or gay men (20.8%, n = 40), and bisexuals (30.8%, n = 95). In multivariable logistic regression models, younger participants (18-34) were more likely to report receiving the HPV vaccination across all subsamples. Further modeling indicated several common factors associated with higher odds of vaccination: living in a metropolitan area, having insurance coverage, and having at least one provider. Understanding vaccination disparities, as well as vaccination facilitators and barriers, is important to inform policy and program efforts. This is especially significant for adults between the ages of 35 and 44 who were excluded from the initial vaccination recommendations but are vulnerable due to changing cultural norms, including delayed marriage, nonmonogamous long-term relationships, and the ending of long-term partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybec Griffin
- Rutgers University School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Jessica Jaiswal
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher B Stults
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Truong-Vu KP. On-time, late, or never: Incorporating intersectionality to predict age-specific probabilities of initiating the HPV vaccine series. Soc Sci Med 2021; 287:114227. [PMID: 34482275 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The HPV vaccine's effectiveness in protecting against the human papillomavirus (HPV) is dependent on both the timing of vaccine initiation (by age 12) and number of vaccine doses. This study used an intersectional approach to examine how gender and its intersection with race/ethnicity predict age-specific probabilities of initiating HPV vaccinations for boys/men and girls/women across four racial/ethnic groups: non-Latinx (NL) white, NL-Black, Latinx, and NL-Asian American. Multinomial logistic regression models-with on-time vaccination as the base outcome-examined the timing of initiating HPV vaccinations (never or late) in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study finds that the multiplicative interaction term between gender and race/ethnicity produces significant results in the likelihood of initiating HPV vaccine uptake: NL-Asian American boys/men have the highest risk of not vaccinating on time. This finding would have been hidden with a one-dimensional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Phuong Truong-Vu
- Department of Sociology and Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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13
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Punjani N, Basourakos SP, Nang QG, Lee RK, Goldstein M, Alukal JP, Li PS. Genitourinary Infections Related to Circumcision and the Potential Impact on Male Infertility. World J Mens Health 2021; 40:179-190. [PMID: 34169676 PMCID: PMC8987143 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Male circumcision (MC) is one of the oldest surgical procedures still completed today. Medical indications for MC include phimosis, recurrent balanitis, cosmesis, and infection prevention. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of MC in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea, chlamydia, chancroid, and syphilis, and the subsequent impact of these genitourinary infections on male fertility. Overall, many compelling data support that MC may play an essential role in both genitourinary infection prevention and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Punjani
- Department of Urology, Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spyridon P Basourakos
- Department of Urology, Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quincy G Nang
- Department of Urology, Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Department of Urology, Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph P Alukal
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip S Li
- Department of Urology, Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Fan Q, Huang T, Sun X, Wang YW, Wang J, Liu Y, Ni T, Gu SL, Li YH, Wang YD. HPV-16/18 E6-induced APOBEC3B expression associates with proliferation of cervical cancer cells and hypomethylation of Cyclin D1. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:313-330. [PMID: 33631046 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection causes a majority of cases of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cervical lesions. However, the mechanisms underlying the direct evolution from HPV-16/18-infected epithelium to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III, which can progress to cervical cancer, remain poorly identified. Here, we performed RNA-seq after laser capture microdissection, and found that APOBEC3B was highly expressed in cervical cancer specimens compared with CIN III with HPV-16/18 infection. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that high levels of APOBEC3B were correlated with lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. Subsequent experiments revealed that HPV-16 E6 could upregulate APOBEC3B through direct binding to the promoter of APOBEC3B in cervical cancer cells. Silencing of APOBEC3B by stable short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown reduced the proliferative capacity of Caski and HeLa cells in vitro and in vivo, but had only a small effect on the migration and invasion of two cervical cancer cell lines. Finally, we identified the changes in gene expression following APOBEC3B silencing in Caski cells by microarray, demonstrating a biological link between APOBEC3B and CCND1 in cervical cancer cells. Importantly, through methyl-capture sequencing and pyrosequencing, APOBEC3B was found to affect the levels of the downstream protein Cyclin D1 (which is encoded by the CCND1 gene) through hypomethylation of the CCND1 promoter. In conclusion, our study supports HPV-16 E6-induced APOBEC3B expression associates with proliferation of cervical cancer cells and hypomethylation of Cyclin D1. Thus, APOBEC3B may be a potential therapeutic target in human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ni
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Gu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
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15
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Hampson IN, Oliver AW, Hampson L. Potential Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type Substitution, Superinfection Exclusion and Latency on the Efficacy of the Current L1 Prophylactic Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010022. [PMID: 33374445 PMCID: PMC7823767 DOI: 10.3390/v13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are >200 different types of human papilloma virus (HPV) of which >51 infect genital epithelium, with ~14 of these classed as high-risk being more commonly associated with cervical cancer. During development of the disease, high-risk types have an increased tendency to develop a truncated non-replicative life cycle, whereas low-risk, non-cancer-associated HPV types are either asymptomatic or cause benign lesions completing their full replicative life cycle. HPVs can also be present as non-replicative so-called “latent” infections and they can also show superinfection exclusion, where cells with pre-existing infections with one type cannot be infected with a different HPV type. Thus, the HPV repertoire and replication status present in an individual can form a complex dynamic meta-community which changes with respect to both time and exposure to different HPV types. In light of these considerations, it is not clear how current prophylactic HPV vaccines will affect this system and the potential for iatrogenic outcomes is discussed in light of recent outcome data.
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16
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High Risk α-HPV E6 Impairs Translesion Synthesis by Blocking POLη Induction. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010028. [PMID: 33374731 PMCID: PMC7793514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cervical cancers (CaCx) are caused by the expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes (HPV E6 and E7). Here, in vitro assays, computational approaches and immunohistochemical analysis of cervical biopsies show that HPV oncogenes impair translesion synthesis (TLS). This limits the pathway’s ability to prevent replication stress from causing fork collapse and DNA damage. As a result, HPV oncogenes make cells more sensitive to replication stressing agents, such as Cisplatin. Mechanistically, HPV E6 prevents replication stress from triggering the accumulation of a TLS-specific polymerase (POLη). Supplying exogenous POLη to CaCx cells rescues TLS and lowers Cisplatin toxicity. Abstract High risk genus α human papillomaviruses (α-HPVs) express two versatile oncogenes (α-HPV E6 and E7) that cause cervical cancer (CaCx) by degrading tumor suppressor proteins (p53 and RB). α-HPV E7 also promotes replication stress and alters DNA damage responses (DDR). The translesion synthesis pathway (TLS) mitigates DNA damage by preventing replication stress from causing replication fork collapse. Computational analysis of gene expression in CaCx transcriptomic datasets identified a frequent increased expression of TLS genes. However, the essential TLS polymerases did not follow this pattern. These data were confirmed with in vitro and ex vivo systems. Further interrogation of TLS, using POLη as a representative TLS polymerase, demonstrated that α-HPV16 E6 blocks TLS polymerase induction by degrading p53. This doomed the pathway, leading to increased replication fork collapse and sensitivity to treatments that cause replication stress (e.g., UV and Cisplatin). This sensitivity could be overcome by the addition of exogenous POLη.
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17
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Das D, Bristol ML, Pichierri P, Morgan IM. Using a Human Papillomavirus Model to Study DNA Replication and Repair of Wild Type and Damaged DNA Templates in Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7564. [PMID: 33066318 PMCID: PMC7589113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses have 8kbp DNA episomal genomes that replicate autonomously from host DNA. During initial infection, the virus increases its copy number to 20-50 copies per cell, causing torsional stress on the replicating DNA. This activates the DNA damage response (DDR) and HPV replicates its genome, at least in part, using homologous recombination. An active DDR is on throughout the HPV life cycle. Two viral proteins are required for replication of the viral genome; E2 binds to 12bp palindromic sequences around the A/T rich origin of replication and recruits the viral helicase E1 via a protein-protein interaction. E1 forms a di-hexameric complex that replicates the viral genome in association with host factors. Transient replication assays following transfection with E1-E2 expression plasmids, along with an origin containing plasmid, allow monitoring of E1-E2 replication activity. Incorporating a bacterial lacZ gene into the origin plasmid allows for the determination of replication fidelity. Here we describe how we exploited this system to investigate replication and repair in mammalian cells, including using damaged DNA templates. We propose that this system has the potential to enhance the understanding of cellular components involved in DNA replication and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipon Das
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Molly L. Bristol
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Pietro Pichierri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Iain M. Morgan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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18
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Anti-Retroviral Protease Inhibitors Regulate Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection of Primary Oral and Cervical Epithelium. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092664. [PMID: 32961945 PMCID: PMC7563395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2016, globally, 36.7 million people were living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), of which 53% had access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) (UNAIDS 2017 Global HIV Statistics). The risk of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal, cervical and anal cancers are higher among patients infected with HIV in the era of ART. Generally, HPV infections are self-limiting, however, persistent HPV infection is a major risk to carcinogenic progression. Long intervals between initial infection and cancer development imply cofactors are involved. Co-factors that increase infectivity, viral load, and persistence increase risk of cancer. We propose that the ART Protease Inhibitors (PI) class of drugs are novel co-factors that regulate HPV infection in HIV-infected patients. We developed a model system of organotypic epithelium to study impact of PI treatment on HPV16 infection. Our model could be used to study mechanisms of HPV infection in context of ART, and for developing drugs that minimize HPV infections. Abstract Epidemiology studies suggest that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) may be at increased risk of acquiring opportunistic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections and developing oral and cervical cancers. Effective HAART usage has improved survival but increased the risk for HPV-associated cancers. In this manuscript, we report that Protease Inhibitors (PI) treatment of three-dimensional tissues derived from primary human gingiva and cervical epithelial cells compromised cell-cell junctions within stratified epithelium and enhanced paracellular permeability of HPV16 to the basal layer for infection, culminating in de novo biosynthesis of progeny HPV16 as determined using 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling of newly synthesized genomes. We propose that HAART/PI represent a novel class of co-factors that modulate HPV infection of the target epithelium. Our in vitro tissue culture model is an important tool to study the mechanistic role of anti-retroviral drugs in promoting HPV infections in HAART-naïve primary epithelium. Changes in subsequent viral load could promote new infections, create HPV reservoirs that increase virus persistence, and increase the risk of oral and cervical cancer development in HIV-positive patients undergoing long-term HAART treatment.
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19
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Gerend MA, Madkins K, Crosby S, Korpak AK, Phillips GL, Bass M, Houlberg M, Mustanski B. Evaluation of a Text Messaging-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intervention for Young Sexual Minority Men: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Behav Med 2020; 55:321-332. [PMID: 32914838 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-related anal cancer. Although a safe and effective vaccine is available to prevent HPV infection, HPV vaccine uptake among young MSM remains low. PURPOSE This pilot randomized controlled trial tested the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a text messaging-based HPV vaccination intervention for young sexual minority men. METHODS In 2018, unvaccinated sexual minority men aged 18-25 years were recruited from Chicago to participate in a 9 month sexual health program called txt2protect. Participants (N = 150) were randomized to the intervention or control condition. Intervention condition messages focused primarily on HPV vaccination, with only a brief mention of other sexual health practices (e.g., condom use and HIV testing), while control condition messages focused on a variety of sexual health practices with only a brief mention of HPV vaccination. Participants received daily text messages for the first 3 weeks and monthly text messages for the remaining ~8 months of the trial. Participants completed surveys at baseline and 3 week and 9 month follow-ups. RESULTS Participants reported high satisfaction with the intervention. Although trial retention was high (with over 88% completing the 9 month survey), the study fell short of meeting its recruitment goal. HPV vaccine series initiation was significantly higher among intervention participants (19.4%) compared to control participants (6.6%), odds ratio = 3.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 10.08. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that txt2protect is an acceptable and potentially promising intervention for increasing HPV vaccine initiation among young sexual minority men. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02994108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Gerend
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krystal Madkins
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shariell Crosby
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron K Korpak
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory L Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Bass
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Cerasuolo A, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML. The Role of RNA Splicing Factors in Cancer: Regulation of Viral and Human Gene Expression in Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:474. [PMID: 32596243 PMCID: PMC7303290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spliceosomal complex components, together with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, regulate the process of constitutive and alternative splicing, the latter leading to the production of mRNA isoforms coding multiple proteins from a single pre-mRNA molecule. The expression of splicing factors is frequently deregulated in different cancer types causing the generation of oncogenic proteins involved in cancer hallmarks. Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and constitutive expression of viral oncogenes. The aberrant activity of hnRNPs and SR proteins in cervical neoplasia has been shown to trigger the production of oncoproteins through the processing of pre-mRNA transcripts either derived from human genes or HPV genomes. Indeed, hnRNP and SR splicing factors have been shown to regulate the production of viral oncoprotein isoforms necessary for the completion of viral life cycle and for cell transformation. Target-therapy strategies against hnRNPs and SR proteins, causing simultaneous reduction of oncogenic factors and inhibition of HPV replication, are under development. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the functional link between RNA splicing factors and deregulated cellular as well as viral RNA maturation in cervical cancer and the opportunity of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumouri IRCCS–Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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21
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Intranasal Therapeutic Peptide Vaccine Promotes Efficient Induction and Trafficking of Cytotoxic T Cell Response for the Clearance of HPV Vaginal Tumors. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020259. [PMID: 32485935 PMCID: PMC7349944 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers continue to affect millions of women around the world, and the five year survival rate under the current standard of care for these cancers is less than 60% in some demographics. Therefore there is still an unmet need to develop an effective therapy that can be easily administered to treat established HPV cervical cancer lesions. We sought to investigate the potential of an intranasal HPV peptide therapeutic vaccine incorporating the combination of α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and CpG-ODN adjuvants (TVAC) against established HPV genital tumors in a syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse model. We obtained evidence to show that TVAC, delivered by the mucosal intranasal route, induced high frequencies of antigen-specific CD8 T cells concurrent with significant reduction in the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), correlating with sustained elimination of established HPV genital tumors in over 85% of mice. Inclusion of both the adjuvants in the vaccine was necessary for significant increase of antigen-specific CD8 T cells to the tumor and antitumor efficacy because vaccination incorporating either adjuvant alone was inefficient. These results strongly support the utility of the TVAC administered by needle-free intranasal route as a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of established genital HPV tumors.
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22
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Siu JYM, Fung TKF, Leung LHM. Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccination Among Men in a Chinese Community: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319831912. [PMID: 30776950 PMCID: PMC6775547 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319831912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause various diseases; low-risk strains can cause
genital warts, whereas high-risk strains can cause cervical cancer and cancer of
the vulva in women and cancers of the penis, anus, and oropharynx in men.
Although HPV affects men, literature has reported that the prevalence of HPV
vaccination is far lower among men than among women. Few studies have examined
perceptions and acceptability of the HPV vaccine among men, particularly in
Chinese communities. In this study, the acceptability of the HPV vaccine to men
was investigated using Hong Kong men as a case group. A qualitative research
approach was adopted. Thirty-nine men were purposively sampled for the in-depth
individual semistructured interviews from June to October 2017 to investigate
their perceptions of the HPV vaccine and the barriers for them to receive the
vaccination. Limited knowledge and awareness of HPV-related issues, low
perceived risk of HPV infection, perceived association between HPV vaccine and
promiscuity, and lack of accessible official information on HPV-related topics
were identified as the key barriers. These barriers intermingled with the
sociocultural environment, cultural values of sexuality, and patriarchal gender
values. HPV vaccine is shown to be socially constructed as a vaccine for women
exclusively and for promiscuity. The participants were discouraged from
receiving HPV vaccination because of its signaling of socially deviant
promiscuity. Cultural taboo on sex served as a social oppression of open
discussion about HPV vaccine and affected the participants’ perceived need of
vaccination. Perceived insignificance of reproductive organs also influenced the
participants’ perceived need of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yuen-Man Siu
- 1 Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy K F Fung
- 2 Department of Communication Studies, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Leo Ho-Man Leung
- 1 Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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23
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Piroozmand A, Mousavi Nasab SD, Erami M, Hashemi SMA, Khodabakhsh E, Ahmadi N, Vahedpoor Z. Distribution of Human Papillomavirus and Antisperm Antibody in Semen and Its Association with Semen Parameters Among Infertile Men. J Reprod Infertil 2020; 21:183-188. [PMID: 32685415 PMCID: PMC7362092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be associated with infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a potential agent in male infertility. Also, anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) have been detected in men with infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and association of HPV and ASA in infected semen of infertile men. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 96 infertile men referring to infertility treatment center of Kashan University of Medical Sciences during March 2017 till September 2017 in Iran. Semen analysis and diagnostic PCR test were performed for detection of HPV DNA. The semen parameters in HPV infected and ASA positive samples were compared with HPV non-infected and ASA negative samples. Chi square test was used to determine the correlation between variables and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS HPV DNA and ASA were detected in 17.4% and 15.2% of 96 semen samples, respectively. Semen volume, sperm count, sperm motility and the normal morphology rate were significantly decreased in HPV-positive subjects (p=0.004, p= 0.016, p<0.001, and p=0.017, respectively). Also, sperm motility was significantly decreased in ASA-positive subjects (p=0.002), also patients with HPV infection had a higher rate of ASA than the non-HPV group. In contrast to ASA, HPV infection had a significant correlation with education level (p=0.039). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that asymptomatic seminal infection of HPV and ASA by adversely affecting sperm quality, in particular sperm motility and count, may play an important role in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Piroozmand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Erami
- Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Khodabakhsh
- Infertility Clinic, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahedpoor
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Corresponding Author: Zahra Vahedpoor, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, E-mail:
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Jeannot E, Viviano M, Follonier MC, Kaech C, Oberhauser N, Mpinga EK, Vassilakos P, Kaiser B, Petignat P. Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Undergraduate Men and Women Healthcare University Students in Switzerland. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040130. [PMID: 31561629 PMCID: PMC6963720 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus is a common sexually transmitted infection, representing the main cause of genital warts and cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate basic knowledge and beliefs regarding HPV infection and HPV vaccine among undergraduate healthcare men and women students, as well as their attitudes towards HPV vaccine. Methods: Undergraduate women and men (nursing and midwifery curses) attending three Schools of Health Sciences located in Switzerland. A total of 427 women and 223 men have completed the web questionnaire, which included questions on their socio-demographic background and about basic knowledge and attitudes toward the HPV infection and vaccination. Results: Women undergraduate students have a better knowledge of HPV infection than their men counterparts, although there was a significant gap in knowledge of the disease’s mode of transmission and prevention. Among women, 72.6% of respondents reported having received at least one dose of HPV vaccines versus 31.4% for men respondents. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed a poor understanding among undergraduate healthcare men and women students about the HPV infection, its mode of transmission and its prevention. Our findings highlight the need to improve education on HPV for undergraduate healthcare students in order to increase the awareness of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Jeannot
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health, Chemin de Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Community Psychiatric Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Manuela Viviano
- Gynecology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Boulevard de la Cluse 30, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Christelle Kaech
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.
| | - Nadine Oberhauser
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.
| | | | - Pierre Vassilakos
- Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Route de Ferney 150, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Kaiser
- University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 2800 Délémont, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Petignat
- Gynecology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Boulevard de la Cluse 30, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Loretan C, Chamberlain AT, Sanchez T, Zlotorzynska M, Jones J. Trends and Characteristics Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States, 2014-2017. Sex Transm Dis 2019; 46:465-473. [PMID: 30994522 PMCID: PMC6667229 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-associated cancer rates are high among men who have sex with men (MSM). The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends HPV vaccination for all MSM through age 26 years. We examined trends in HPV vaccine uptake among young US MSM between 2014 and 2017. METHODS Cochran-Armitage tests and estimated annual percentage changes were used to examine annual trends (2014-2017) in HPV vaccination initiation among US MSM ≤26 years as of 2011 who participated in a nationwide annual cross-sectional online survey. We identified independent correlates of HPV vaccination in 2017 using Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS There were 2,381 participants in 2014; 4,143 in 2015; 3,926 in 2016; and 3,407 in 2017. Mean age was 23.5 years, 39% lived in metropolitan areas, and 37% lived in the South. HPV vaccination significantly increased (P < 0.0001) from 22.5% in 2014 to 37.6% in 2017 (estimated annual percentage change = 17.4%). HPV vaccination was significantly greater for MSM who were younger, had health insurance, saw a healthcare provider in the past 12-months, resided in the Northeast, resided in metropolitan areas, had higher household income, disclosed their sexual identity to health care provider, and had gonorrhea/chlamydia diagnosis in the past 12-months. CONCLUSIONS Human papillomavirus vaccination among MSM increased from 2014 to 2017, but vaccine uptake varied significantly by MSM subgroup. Despite favorable trends, the HPV vaccination coverage for this population (37.6%) is less than half of the Healthy People 2020 target (80%). Additional efforts are needed to increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Loretan
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Atlanta, GA
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26
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Dibble KE, Maksut JL, Siembida EJ, Hutchison M, Bellizzi KM. A Systematic Literature Review of HPV Vaccination Barriers Among Adolescent and Young Adult Males. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2019; 8:495-511. [PMID: 31090474 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes several cancers and genital warts among sexually active adolescent and young adult (AYA) males. Quadrivalent HPV vaccines were approved for use in the AYA male population in 2010, but vaccination rates have plateaued at around 10%-15%. A better understanding of the barriers AYA male patients, their parents, and their health care providers (HCPs) experience with respect to vaccination uptake is necessary for tailoring interventions for this population. A literature search was conducted through the PubMed and PsycINFO databases in October 2017. Studies were included if they specified at least one barrier to vaccination uptake in AYA males. Studies were excluded if they did not focus on AYA males, their parents, or their HCP; were conducted outside the United States; or were published before 2010. A total of 23 studies were reviewed, and analysis found that these three groups (i.e., AYA males, parents, and HCPs) had significantly different concerns regarding vaccination. The identified themes included the lack of HPV vaccine awareness/information, misinformation about HPV, lack of communication, financial issues relating to uptake, demographic/perceived social norms, and sexual activity. Health care professionals working directly with AYA males and their parents should provide an open route of communication regarding these sensitive issues, and further educate families on the importance of HPV vaccines in reducing the incidence of certain cancers among men in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Dibble
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jessica L Maksut
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth J Siembida
- Outcomes Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Morica Hutchison
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Keith M Bellizzi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Lieblong BJ, Montgomery BEE, Su LJ, Nakagawa M. Natural history of human papillomavirus and vaccinations in men: A literature review. Health Sci Rep 2019; 2:e118. [PMID: 31139757 PMCID: PMC6529831 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Infection with high-risk (HR) genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for and causative of almost all cervical cancers and their precursor condition, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. These conditions have been sharply reduced by cervical cytology screening, and a further decrease is expected because of the recent introduction of prophylactic HPV vaccinations. While significant attention has been given to gynecologic HPV disease, men can be affected by HPV-related cancers of the anus, penis, and oropharynx. This literature review aims to address disparities in HPV-related disease in men, and certain HR male subpopulations, compared with women. DISCUSSION Overall, immunocompetent men are far less likely than women to develop anogenital HPV-related cancers, despite harboring HR HPV infections at anogenital sites. On the other hand, men who have sex with men and men living with human immunodeficiency virus infection are at considerably higher risk of HPV-related disease. Historic rates of prophylactic HPV vaccination in males have trailed those of females due to numerous multilevel factors, although, in recent years, this sex gap in vaccination coverage has been closing. In the absence of routine HPV screening in males, therapeutic vaccinations have emerged as a potential treatment modality for preinvasive neoplasia and are in various phases of clinical testing. CONCLUSION Successful reductions in HPV disease morbidity at the population level must acknowledge and target HPV infections in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Lieblong
- College of Medicine, Department of PathologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Brooke E. E. Montgomery
- Faye W. Boozman College of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Faye W. Boozman College of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Mayumi Nakagawa
- College of Medicine, Department of PathologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
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Chuerduangphui J, Proyrungroj K, Pientong C, Hinkan S, Budkaew J, Pimson C, Chumworathayi B, Hanond P, Ekalaksananan T. Prevalence and anatomical sites of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus infections in men who have sex with men, Khon Kaen, Thailand. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:509. [PMID: 30305039 PMCID: PMC6180447 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that are frequently found in men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection. METHODS This study investigated the prevalence of infection and anatomical site distribution of these viruses in asymptomatic MSM. DNA, extracted from cells collected from the anorectum, oropharynx and urethra of 346 participants, was investigated for the presence of EBV, HPV and HSV using real-time PCR. Demographic data from the participants were analyzed. RESULTS All three viruses were found in all sampled sites. EBV was the commonest virus, being detected in the anorectum (47.7% of participants), oropharynx (50.6%) and urethra (45.6%). HPV and HSV were found in 43.9% and 2.9% of anorectum samples, 13.8% and 3.8% of oropharynx samples and 25.7% and 2% of urethra samples, respectively. HPV infection of the anorectum was significantly associated with age groups 21-30 (odds = 3.043, 95% CI = 1.643-5.638 and P = 0.001) and 46-60 years (odds = 2.679, 95% CI = 1.406-5.101 and P = 0.03). EBV infection of the urethra was significantly correlated with age group 21-30 years (odds = 1.790, 95% CI = 1.010-3.173 and P = 0.046). EBV/HPV co-infection of the anorectum (odds = 3.211, 95% CI = 1.271-8.110, P = 0.014) and urethra (odds = 2.816, 95% CI = 1.024-7.740, P = 0.045) was also associated with this age group. Among HIV-positive MSM, there was a significant association between age-group (odds = 21.000, 95% CI = 1.777-248.103, P = 0.016) in HPV infection of the anorectum. A failure to use condoms was significantly associated with HPV infection of the anorectum (odds = 4.095, 95% CI = 1.404-11.943, P = 0.010) and urethra (odds = 7.187, 95% CI = 1.385-37.306, P = 0.019). Similarly, lack of condom use was significantly associated with EBV infection of the urethra (odds = 7.368, 95% CI = 1.580-34.371, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION These results indicate that asymptomatic MSM in Northeast Thailand form a potential reservoir for transmission of STDs, and in particular for these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jureeporn Chuerduangphui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanisara Proyrungroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Saowarop Hinkan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jiratha Budkaew
- Department of Social Medicine, Khon Kaen Center Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Charinya Pimson
- Department of Animal Health Science, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bandit Chumworathayi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ploenpit Hanond
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. .,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Brown B, Marg L, Leon S, Chen C, Siu JNY, Calvo G, Sánchez H, Galea JT. The relationship between anogenital HPV types and incident HIV infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru: Findings from a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204996. [PMID: 30278061 PMCID: PMC6168173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that individuals living with HIV have a higher HPV prevalence, the impact of individual HPV types on HIV acquisition is less clear. In this prospective cohort study we investigated the relationship between HPV types and incident HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Lima, Peru. Six hundred HIV-negative Peruvian MSM and TW participated in a 2-year study with biannual visits. At baseline, participants completed a computerized, self-administered questionnaire on sexual behavior and HPV knowledge and underwent a physical exam including anogenital swabs for HPV DNA (37 genotypes via linear array testing) and HIV testing; follow-up visits included the questionnaire and HIV testing. Participant mean age was 25 years (range = 18-40), with 48.9% self-identifying as gay and 86.5% reporting having sex exclusively with men. At baseline, 530 participants had HPV DNA present (61.1% with high-risk HPV, 84.9% with low-risk HPV). Among 571 participants who returned for any study visit, 73 (12.8%) became infected with HIV during the 2-year follow-up (6% HIV incidence). Compared to those without HIV, more participants with HIV had any HPV type present (97.3% vs. 87.6%, respectively, p = .01), more than one HPV type (79.5% vs. 58.2%, p < .01), or high-risk HPV (72.6% vs. 51.4%, p < .01). Some participants lost to follow-up could have been HIV-positive, which would have affected the relationship of HPV and HIV infection. Our prospective study showed that participants with any HPV type, more than one HPV type, or high-risk HPV were more likely to test positive for HIV. Although most studies have shown HPV-HIV coinfection, our findings illustrate the strong relationship between individual HPV types and HIV infection. This further illustrates the potential utility of HPV vaccine for MSM and TW, not only for HPV prevention but also possibly for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Brown
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Logan Marg
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | | | - Cynthia Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junice Ng Yi Siu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jerome T. Galea
- Epicentro Salud, Lima, Peru
- School of Social Work, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Misdiagnosis of Primary Urethral Condyloma Acuminata with Papillary Cancer: a Case Report. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.58227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chondros K, Graikos K, Klambatsas A, Dimasis N. Extensive anogenital warts: a multidisciplinary surgical management. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:227. [PMID: 30574245 PMCID: PMC6295299 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.227.16448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital warts are a major worldwide healthcare problem of sexually active population. Apart from direct association with cervical cancer, male patients experience HPV-related condylomata in several locations in the anogenital area. Extensive growth, multifocality and difficult accessibility wart sites are demanding and often require multidisciplinary surgical management. In our case, we present a male patient with extensive anogenital warts treated by a team of surgeons in several steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Chondros
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Rethymnon, Rethymnon, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Klambatsas
- Department of Urology-Oncology, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Dimasis
- Department of Urology-Oncology, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cheung T, Lau JTF, Wang JZ, Mo PKH, Ho YS. Acceptability of HPV vaccines and associations with perceptions related to HPV and HPV vaccines among male baccalaureate students in Hong Kong. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198615. [PMID: 29912883 PMCID: PMC6005511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The highly infectious human papillomavirus (HPV) causes both genital warts and cervical cancer in women. In 2009, the prevalence of genital warts in Hong Kong was 203.7 per 100,000 person-years. Cervical cancer, more seriously, was the eight most common cancer among women and girls in Hong Kong, accounting for 2.3% of all new cancer cases in females in 2014. Cervical cancer is a significant global public health problem and HPV is a major risk factor leading to the development of cervical cancer. HPV is also the most common sexually transmitted disease among university students. This is the first study to examine the acceptability of HPV vaccines and associations with perceptions related to HPV and HPV vaccines among the male baccalaureate student population locally. Methods A self-administrative cross-sectional survey was used to assess whether male baccalaureate students from eight local Hong Kong universities intended to be immunized for HPV. The study also asked questions concerning how its subjects perceived HPV and HPV vaccines using the Health Belief Model. Data collection spanned from June to September 2015. A multiple stepwise regression model was used to examine associations between cognitive factors and subjects’ intention to take up the HPV vaccine. Results A total of 1,004 (83.7%) students aged 18 and 26 participated in this study. 23.3% found vaccinating for HPV acceptable, a level correlating with a number of indicators. Subjects were more likely to find vaccinating acceptable if 1) they knew something about HPV vaccines; 2) they understood that men were susceptible to infection by HPV; 3) they realised they could benefit by HPV vaccination, and 4) they were aware of the arguments for and against HPV vaccination, as disseminated by either the media or peers. Conclusions HPV remains a significant public health concern in Hong Kong and China more broadly. This study’s findings show a disconnect between the perceived and actual risk of being infected with the HPV vaccine among male baccalaureate students. This disconnect may be bridged by informing young men of the benefits of their being vaccinated against HPV, by removing the psychological and financial barriers that prevent them from taking up the vaccine and by improving how primary healthcare providers motivate them to get immunized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Johnson Z. Wang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P. K. H. Mo
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. S. Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Human papillomavirus infection by anatomical site among Greek men and women: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 25:558-71. [PMID: 26628088 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We systematically reviewed the literature on anal, penile, cervical, and oropharyngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Greece to provide a comprehensive overview of HPV prevalence and to explore the reporting of HPV in Greek men and women. A total of five databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched up until 1 January 2015 for studies looking at HPV prevalence, incidence, or risk factors by anatomical site. We identified 50 eligible studies for inclusion. The majority of them were cervical studies (n=26) followed by head and neck studies (n=13) with only two studies exclusively focusing on anal sites and two on penile sites. The remaining studies examined prevalence from multiple sites. Most studies looked at small, high-risk populations, and HPV prevalence ranged from 2.5-43.4% for cervical studies; 0-91% for head and neck studies; 54.6-78.4% for anal studies; and 20.3-66.7% for penile studies. Age, smoking, and number of sexual partners were the commonly assessed risk factors. There were significant sex and anatomic site disparities in the reporting of HPV prevalence. Given the relationship between HPV infection and the increasing incidence of anal cancer in men, more research is needed to reveal the prevalence of HPV at these sites in Greek men, especially given the reports of the declining health of the Greek population.
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Lehtinen T, Söderlund-Strand A, Petäjä T, Eriksson T, Jokiranta S, Natunen K, Dillner J, Lehtinen M. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence in Male Adolescents 4 Years After HPV-16/18 Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:966-968. [PMID: 28968844 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among HPV-16/18-vaccinated and unvaccinated Finnish male adolescents participating in chlamydia screening 4 years after vaccination with AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine in 2007-2009. Previously vaccinated (n = 395) or unvaccinated (n = 149) male adolescents were enrolled in 12 municipalities. First-void urine samples were tested for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68, and prevalence rates for HPV-16/18, and HPV-11/16/18/31/33/45 were reduced profoundly (0% vs 2.1% [P = .02] and 0.8% vs 5.3 [P = .002], respectively). Overall HPV DNA prevalence was also significantly reduced among HPV-16/18-vaccinated (4.1%) compared with unvaccinated subjects (10.1%) (P = .01). In this post hoc study, a highly significant reduction in HPV prevalence 4 years after vaccination suggests that the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine has protective efficacy in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere
| | | | - Tiina Petäjä
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere
| | - Tiina Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere
| | | | - Kari Natunen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Scully D, Irving N, Daly M, Ní Shúilleabháin A. HPV vaccination among men who have sex with men in Ireland: GPs' awareness and vaccination rates. Sex Transm Infect 2017; 94:157. [PMID: 29133524 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diarmaid Scully
- TCD/HSE Specialist Training Programme in General Practice, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Irving
- TCD/HSE Specialist Training Programme in General Practice, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Daly
- Women's Health Programme, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Ní Shúilleabháin
- TCD/HSE Specialist Training Programme in General Practice, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Mejilla A, Li E, Sadowski CA. Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination: Questions and answers. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2017; 150:306-315. [PMID: 28894500 PMCID: PMC5582673 DOI: 10.1177/1715163517712534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Mejilla
- Alberta Health Services (Mejilla, Li), University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences (Sadowski), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Emily Li
- Alberta Health Services (Mejilla, Li), University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences (Sadowski), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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Tan TQ, Gerbie MV. Perception, Awareness, and Acceptance of Human Papillomavirus Disease and Vaccine Among Parents of Boys Aged 9 to 18 Years. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017; 56:737-743. [PMID: 28589764 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816682788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Male human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates remain very low. The study objective was to gain an understanding of the perceptions of HPV disease and acceptance/barriers to HPV vaccine by parents of boys aged 9 to 18 years. An anonymous, written survey was administered from January 1, 2011 to September 30, 2013 in private pediatric offices (PPOs) and public health clinics (PHCs) in Chicago, Illinois. A total of 230 PPO parents (PPOPs) and 286 PHC parents (PHCPs) completed the survey. Despite significant differences ( P < .0001) in education level, socioeconomic status, and HPV disease and vaccine knowledge/awareness between the PPOP and PHCP, there was no difference between PPOP and PHCP who would vaccinate their sons with HPV vaccine. For both groups, health care provider recommendation was the primary influence for vaccination. The major barrier to vaccination was lack of information on HPV disease/vaccine. Health care providers need to proactively discuss and use HPV vaccine in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Q Tan
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melvin V Gerbie
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pankam T, Kerr SJ, Teeratakulpisan N, Rodbamrung P, Wongkanya R, Keelawat S, Ruangritchankul K, Hongchookiat P, Watanapokasin R, Phanuphak N. Human papillomavirus in anal biopsy tissues and liquid-based cytology samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative Thai men who have sex with men. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2017; 3:149-154. [PMID: 28720449 PMCID: PMC5883198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of developing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer. We compared HPV genotypes in anal tissues (Bx) and anal liquid-based cytology fluid (LBC) from HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. Methods Bx (32 normal, 41 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 22 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL)), along with LBC from the same visit, were selected from 61 HIV-positive and 34 HIV-negative MSM who enrolled into a prospective cohort in Bangkok, Thailand. HPV genotyping was performed on Bx and LBC. Results Any HPV and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) prevalence were 63.2% and 60.0% in Bx and 71.6% and 62.1% in LBC, respectively. HIV-positive MSM had higher rates of HR-HPV genotypes detection (70.5% vs. 47.1%, p=0.03) in LBC than HIV-negative MSM. HPV16 (27%) was the most common HR-HPV found in HSIL tissue. In HIV-positive MSM, the frequency of HR-HPV detection increased with histopathologic grading in both Bx and LBC samples. HSIL was associated with the presence of any HR-HPV(OR 7.6 (95%CI 1.8–31.9); P=0.006) in LBC and in Bx((OR 5.6 (95%CI 1.4–22.7); P=0.02). Conclusions Our data strongly support the integration of HR-HPV screening on LBC samples, along with HPV vaccination, into an anal cancer prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tippawan Pankam
- The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Kerr
- HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Komkrit Ruangritchankul
- Department of Pathology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand; SEARCH, Bangkok, Thailand
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Polansky H, Itzkovitz E, Javaherian A. Human papillomavirus (HPV): systemic treatment with Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin safely and effectively clears virus. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:575-583. [PMID: 28424535 PMCID: PMC5344427 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper reports the results of a clinical study that tested the effect of systemic treatment with the botanical product Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin on the clearance rate (also called time to clearance) of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The study compared the clearance rate in treated and untreated individuals suffering from a symptomatic HPV infection. The data on the untreated individuals were obtained by reverse engineering of the Kaplan-Meier figures in five published papers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 59 treated participants. All participants were suffering from a symptomatic HPV infection prior to the commencement of treatment. The treatment was one to four capsules of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin per day. The duration of treatment was 2-12 months. The study included five groups of external controls with diverse characteristics. RESULTS The mean time to clearance in Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin-treated individuals was 5.1 months or 151.5 days (95% CI: 4.2-5.9 months or 95% CI: 125.7-177.3 days, respectively). The median time to clearance was 3.5 months. The mean time to clearance in the five untreated groups ranged from 6.9 to 20.0 months (P<0.0001 for the difference between treatment group and each untreated group). Also, 100% of the participants in the treatment group were HPV free at the end of 12 months vs 53%, 52%, 65%, 20%, and 77% in the untreated control groups. The treated participants reported no adverse experiences. CONCLUSION This clinical study has two major contributions. First, it showed that systemic treatment with the natural Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin decreased the time to HPV clearance, increased the percentage of HPV-free individuals, and caused no adverse experiences in individuals suffering from a symptomatic HPV infection. Since there are no other systemic treatments for symptomatic HPV infections, this study presents highly valuable information on the clinical effects of the first treatment in this category. Second, the study presents a new method for conducting clinical studies that addresses one of the major deficiencies associated with the practice of the randomized controlled trial method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease, Valley Cottage, NY, USA
| | - Edan Itzkovitz
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease, Valley Cottage, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Javaherian
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease, Valley Cottage, NY, USA
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Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains one of the most commonly sexually transmitted infections in both females and males. HPV viruses are associated with several manifestations including genital warts, but more importantly for urology practitioners, cervical and penile carcinomas and recurrent genital condylomata in both sexes. The incidence of HPV-related carcinomas has increased in cervical, oropharyngeal, vulvar, penile, and anal cancers. Effective vaccines have been available for almost a decade, but widespread adoption of vaccine administration has been problematic for multiple reasons. Many countries (over 100) have adopted vaccine programs for females and an increasing number of countries are extending the indications to include males between the ages of 9-26. There still seems to be controversy surrounding these universal vaccination programs as well as some ethical and practical concerns regarding the administration of a vaccine for diseases that are associated with sexual contact in both sexes, especially during the early adolescent years. Objective The objective was to provide a review of the available literature so pediatric and adult urologists may be more aware of the issues related to HPV vaccination in order to more effectively counsel patients and parents regarding the risks, benefits, and public health issues regarding HPV vaccination. This topic is especially relevant to pediatric urologists who see patients in the target age group for the HPV vaccine. There has been an explosion of literature regarding HPV vaccination programs and the relative difficulty in adopting the vaccine series with a completion rate of under 50% of patients in the recommended age ranges for vaccination. Methods Articles were obtained from an extensive Medline literature search (1998-present) to evaluate the current HPV vaccination regimens for teenagers with special emphasis on the urologically focused disease burden. Results The adoption of universal HPV vaccination has been difficult, but appears to be increasing over time as public education improves and governmentally- mandated vaccine programs increase. Despite the ethical concerns raised, the benefits of vaccination with regard to cancer prevention outweigh the risks and potential side effects related to the quadrivalent vaccine administration. Clearly, more follow-up over time is required to document these improvements in public health. Urologists need to remain aware of the prevention strategies for HPV infection and should help with counseling parents and patients in the appropriate age groups for HPV vaccination. Urology providers need to help engage and educate the parents and teenage patients to help promote broader adoption of the HPV vaccine regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Donald White
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical Center and Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Quinn GP, Schabath MB, Sanchez JA, Sutton SK, Green BL. The importance of disclosure: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, queer/questioning, and intersex individuals and the cancer continuum. Cancer 2015. [PMID: 25521303 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29203:10.1002/cncr.29203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender/Transsexual, Queer/Questioning, Intersex (LGBTQI) population experiences cancer health disparities due to lack of disclosure and knowledge about increased cancer risk. Oncology health care providers and institutions should create environments that encourage disclosure of sexual orientation and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Quinn GP, Schabath MB, Sanchez JA, Sutton SK, Green BL. The importance of disclosure: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, queer/questioning, and intersex individuals and the cancer continuum. Cancer 2014; 121:1160-3. [PMID: 25521303 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Abstract
Nearly 200 distinct human papilloma viruses (HPVs) have now been recognized, and each is associated with a specific set of clinical lesions. They are associated with a spectrum of diseases, from benign verrucae vulgares and condylomata acuminata to the malignancies of the cervix, vulva, anus, and penis. Disease associated with HPV can be divided into skin and mucosal lesion of the genital and extragenital regions. The relationship between HPV and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is important clinically, because NMSC is the most common form of malignancy among fair-skinned populations. HPVs have also been detected in skin tags, lichen sclerosus, seborrheic keratoses, actinic keratoses, epidermal cysts, psoriatic plaques, and plucked hairs, but cutaneous HPV can be found on healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Ljubojevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mihael Skerlev
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sirera G, Videla S. [Screening of intraepithelial anal neoplasm]. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 142:150-2. [PMID: 24210980 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Sirera
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona (Barcelona), España; Fundació Lluita contra La Sida; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona (Barcelona), España.
| | - Sebastián Videla
- Fundació Lluita contra La Sida; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona (Barcelona), España
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Kucukunal A, Altunay IK, Mercan S. Sexual dysfunction in men suffering from genital warts. J Sex Med 2013; 10:1585-91. [PMID: 23551711 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can present clinically as genital warts (GWs) in both males and females. Much less is known about the psychosexual consequences of GW, and the studies on patients in this group are still quite limited. AIMS The aim of this study was to test two hypotheses: (i) sexual dysfunction (SD) is likely to occur in male patients suffering from GWs; (ii) if male SD exists, it may be associated with depression or anxiety. METHODS This was a pilot study with a prospective cross-sectional design. Male patients with GW (N for patient group = 116) were compared with male control cases (N for control group = 71) using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The participants were evaluated by a dermatologist and a psychiatrist, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The associations between sexual dysfunction, depression, and anxiety among the participants were examined. RESULTS There was no difference between the groups in terms of sociodemographic changes. Sexual dysfunction was found to be significantly more common in the patients than controls (P = 0.000 < 0.001). When the subscores of ASEX were evaluated, they were found to be statistically significant between the two groups (P = 0.000 < 0.001). BDI and BAI scores were statistically higher in the patient group than in controls, and there was a positive correlation between BDI and BAI scores with ASEX total and subscores (P = 0.000 < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Male patients with GW have higher rates of sexual dysfunction, depression, and anxiety when compared with the normal population. Men suffering from GW should be evaluated for possible sexual problems, besides depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kucukunal
- Dermatology and Venereology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Long-term effectiveness of infrared coagulation for the treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 in HIV-infected men and women. AIDS 2013; 27:951-959. [PMID: 23276804 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32835e06c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effectiveness and safety of infrared coagulation (IRC) for the ablation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and to provide data on the prevalence of AIN in HIV-infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study based on data collected from a prospectively compiled database of outpatients attended in the Clinical-Proctology-HIV-Unit (first visit). The effectiveness (normal anal cytology after 12 months of IRC) and safety of IRC were estimated. RESULTS Between January 2005 and December 2011, a total of 69 (5%) patients with biopsy-proven AIN-2 or AIN-3 from among 1518 patients (1310 men; 208 women) were treated with IRC. The prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 49.5% [751/1518; (atypical squamous cells of unknown significance, 14%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 27.5%; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 8%)]. High-resolution anoscopy revealed intra-anal condylomata in 31% of patients (236/751), nonvisualized lesions in 30% (227/751), and visualized lesions (from which biopsy specimens were taken) in 38% (288/751). The histological diagnosis was: AIN-1, 52% (151/288); AIN-2, 15% (44/288); AIN-3, 9% (25/288); normal, 19% (56/288); and nonevaluable, 4% (12/288). IRC was applied in-office in 66 patients (three refused to undergo treatment). At 12 months, all patients (n = 56) had a normal anal cytology result. Seven (13%) patients had biopsy-proven recurrence [mean (range) time-to-recurrence, 30 (18-43) months]. High-risk-human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was detected in all anal lesions (HPV-16 was the most common genotype). Agreement between cytological and histological results was poor. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of AIN was found in both HIV-infected men and HIV-infected women. Although randomized clinical trials are lacking, IRC ablation of AIN-2 and AIN-3 lesions without concomitant condylomata could help prevent anal squamous cell carcinoma.
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47
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[The challenge of anal pathology related to human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients]. Med Clin (Barc) 2013; 140:211-3. [PMID: 23164458 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Coutlée F, de Pokomandy A, Franco EL. Epidemiology, natural history and risk factors for anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Sex Health 2013; 9:547-55. [PMID: 22954036 DOI: 10.1071/sh11167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies conducted in HIV-seropositive individuals have enhanced our understanding of the natural history of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and of factors predictive of progression to high-grade AIN, the immediate precursor to anal cancer. AIN is frequently detected in HIV-seropositive individuals. Factors that increase the risk for AIN include HIV infection, low current or nadir blood CD4+ cell counts, receptive anal intercourse, oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, persistent anal HPV infection, multiple HPV type infections and high anal HPV viral load. This review confirms the importance of high-grade AIN in HIV-seropositive individuals and HIV-seronegative men having sex with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Coutlée
- Départements de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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49
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Ortiz AP, Alejandro N, Pérez CM, Otero Y, Soto-Salgado M, Palefsky JM, Tortolero-Luna G, Romaguera J. Acceptability of cervical and anal HPV self-sampling in a sample of Hispanic women in Puerto Rico. PUERTO RICO HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2012; 31:205-212. [PMID: 23844468 PMCID: PMC3954748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-sampling techniques have been shown to be reliable in determining human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, although the acceptability of this method of sampling has not been studied in Puerto Rico (PR). The objective of this study was to determine the acceptability of cervicovaginal and anal self-sampling for HPV DNA testing among women in PR. One hundred women aged 18-34 years old and undergoing routine Pap smears in an OBGYN clinic in PR were recruited. Interviewer-administered and computer-based questionnaires were used to collect information on relevant risk factors. To assess acceptability, four-item acceptability Likert scales were used that measured comfort, pain, privacy, and embarrassment. Overall acceptability indexes were calculated as the sum of the Likert scores. Clinician-collected and self-collected cervicovaginal and anal samples for HPV-DNA testing were obtained from the participating women. Although the acceptability of both sampling methods was high, it was higher for self- rather than clinician-sampling of the cervix (difference in mean score = -0.71, p<0.05); contrarily, it was higher for clinician-sampling of the anus (difference in mean score = 0.64). When analyzing individual items within the scale, less embarrassment was observed with respect to the self-collection of cervical and anal samples. Nevertheless, most women reported that they preferred having a clinician collect cervical and anal samples (67% and 61%, respectively); and most of these women (86% for cervical samples and 92% for anal samples) felt more confident that this sample would be properly taken. Despite this, in this population, the high level of acceptability with regard to self-collected samples and the previously documented concordance between self- and clinician-collected samples support the use of cervical and anal HPV DNA self-sampling techniques in future HPV-related population-based studies and screening programs in PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Ortiz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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