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Liparulo TS, Shoemaker JE. Mathematical Modeling Suggests That Monocyte Activity May Drive Sex Disparities during Influenza Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:837. [PMID: 38932131 PMCID: PMC11209518 DOI: 10.3390/v16060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, females of reproductive age often experience a more severe disease during influenza A virus infection, which may be due to differences in their innate immune response. Sex-specific outcomes to influenza infection have been recapitulated in mice, enabling researchers to study viral and immune dynamics in vivo in order to identify immune mechanisms that are differently regulated between the sexes. This study is based on the hypothesis that sex-specific outcomes emerge due to differences in the rates/speeds that select immune components respond. Using publicly available sex-specific murine data, we utilized dynamic mathematical models of the innate immune response to identify candidate mechanisms that may lead to increased disease severity in female mice. We implemented a large computational screen using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), wherein the goodness of fit of the competing model scenarios is balanced against complexity (i.e., the number of parameters). Our results suggest that having sex-specific rates for proinflammatory monocyte induction by interferon and monocyte inhibition of virus replication provides the simplest (lowest BIC) explanation for the difference observed in the male and female immune responses. Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis and global sensitivity analysis of the top performing scenario were performed to provide rigorous estimates of the sex-specific parameter distributions and to provide insight into which parameters most affect innate immune responses. Simulations using the top-performing model suggest that monocyte activity could be a key target to reduce influenza disease severity in females. Overall, our Bayesian statistical and dynamic modeling approach suggests that monocyte activity and induction parameters are sex-specific and may explain sex-differences in influenza disease immune dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum S. Liparulo
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jason E. Shoemaker
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Yao Z, Liang M, Zhu S. Infectious factors in myocarditis: a comprehensive review of common and rare pathogens. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:64. [PMID: 38789885 PMCID: PMC11126555 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a significant health threat today, with infectious agents being the most common cause. Accurate diagnosis of the etiology of infectious myocarditis is crucial for effective treatment. MAIN BODY Infectious myocarditis can be caused by viruses, prokaryotes, parasites, and fungi. Viral infections are typically the primary cause. However, some rare opportunistic pathogens can also damage heart muscle cells in patients with immunodeficiencies, neoplasms and those who have undergone heart surgery. CONCLUSIONS This article reviews research on common and rare pathogens of infectious myocarditis, emphasizing the complexity of its etiology, with the aim of helping clinicians make an accurate diagnosis of infectious myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qindao, China.
| | - Mingjun Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Six People's Hospital Affilicated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Valenzuela-Sánchez F, Valenzuela-Méndez B, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez JF, Estella Á. Latest developments in early diagnosis and specific treatment of severe influenza infection. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:160-174. [PMID: 38681787 PMCID: PMC11043645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Influenza pandemics are unpredictable recurrent events with global health, economic, and social consequences. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the latest developments in early diagnosis and specific treatment of the disease and its complications, particularly with regard to respiratory organ failure. Despite advances in treatment, the rate of mortality in the intensive care unit remains approximately 30%. Therefore, early identification of potentially severe viral pneumonia is extremely important to optimize treatment in these patients. The pathogenesis of influenza virus infection depends on viral virulence and host response. Thus, in some patients, it is associated with an excessive systemic response mediated by an authentic cytokine storm. This process leads to severe primary pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Initial prognostication in the emergency department based on comorbidities, vital signs, and biomarkers (e.g., procalcitonin, ferritin, human leukocyte antigen-DR, mid-regional proadrenomedullin, and lactate) is important. Identification of these biomarkers on admission may facilitate clinical decision-making to determine early admission to the hospital or the intensive care unit. These decisions are reached considering pathophysiological circumstances that are associated with a poor prognosis (e.g., bacterial co-infection, hyperinflammation, immune paralysis, severe endothelial damage, organ dysfunction, and septic shock). Moreover, early implementation is important to increase treatment efficacy. Based on a limited level of evidence, all current guidelines recommend using oseltamivir in this setting. The possibility of drug resistance should also be considered. Alternative options include other antiviral drugs and combination therapies with monoclonal antibodies. Importantly, it is not recommended to use corticosteroids in the initial treatment of these patients. Furthermore, the implementation of supportive measures for respiratory failure is essential. Current recommendations are limited, heterogeneous, and not regularly updated. Early intubation and mechanical ventilation is the basic treatment for patients with severe respiratory failure. Prone ventilation should be promptly performed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, while early tracheostomy should be considered in case of planned prolonged mechanical ventilation. Clinical trials on antiviral treatment and respiratory support measures specifically for these patients, as well as specific recommendations for different at-risk populations, are necessary to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Valenzuela-Sánchez
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Jerez, Ronda de Circunvalación s/n, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
- Haematology Department, University Hospital of Jerez, Ronda de Circunvalación s/n, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Valenzuela-Méndez
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Parc Euromédecine, 208 Av. des Apothicaires,Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ángel Estella
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Jerez, Ronda de Circunvalación s/n, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Calle Doctor Marañón, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Avenida Ana de Viya 21, Cádiz, Spain
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Zhang Z, Tang S, Huang Z, Tan J, Wu X, Hong Q, Yuan Y. Mapping trends and hotspots in research on global influenza vaccine hesitancy: A bibliometric analysis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1820. [PMID: 38323124 PMCID: PMC10845823 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Influenza is one of the most widespread respiratory infections and poses a huge burden on health care worldwide. Vaccination is key to preventing and controlling influenza. Influenza vaccine hesitancy is an important reason for the low vaccination rate. In 2019, Vaccine hesitancy was identified as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. However, there remains a glaring scarcity of bibliometric research in that regard. This study sought to identify research hotspots and future development trends on influenza vaccine hesitation and provide a new perspective and reference for future research. Methods We retrieved publications on global influenza vaccine hesitancy from the Web of Science Core Collection database, Scopus, and PubMed databases from inception to 2022. This study used VOSviewer and CiteSpace for visualization analysis. Results Influenza vaccine hesitancy-related publications increased rapidly from 2012 and peaked in 2022. One hundred and nine countries contributed to influenza vaccine hesitation research, and the United States ranked first with 541 articles and 7161 citations. Vaccines-Basel was the journal with the largest number of published studies on influenza vaccine hesitations. MacDonald was the most frequently cited author. The most popular research topics on influenza vaccine hesitancy were (1) determinants of influenza vaccination in specific populations, such as healthcare workers, children, pregnant women, and so on; (2) influenza and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The trend in the number of annual publications related to influenza vaccine hesitancy indicating the COVID-19 pandemic will prompt researchers to increase their attention to influenza vaccine hesitancy. With healthcare workers as the key, reducing vaccine hesitancy and improving vaccine acceptance in high-risk groups will be the research direction in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Records, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Songjia Tang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Department of RespiratoryPeople's Hospital of Anji, Anji CountyHuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Juntao Tan
- Operation Management OfficeAffiliated Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qian Hong
- Department of Medical RecordsThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical RecordsWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Jin W, Tian R, Yang Z, Wang R. HIF-1α promotes virus replication and cytokine storm in H1N1 virus-induced severe pneumonia through cellular metabolic reprogramming. Virol Sin 2024; 39:81-96. [PMID: 38042371 PMCID: PMC10877445 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality of patients with severe pneumonia caused by H1N1 infection is closely related to viral replication and cytokine storm. However, the specific mechanisms triggering virus replication and cytokine storm are still not fully elucidated. Here, we identified hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as one of the major host molecules that facilitates H1N1 virus replication followed by cytokine storm in alveolar epithelial cells. Specifically, HIF-1α protein expression is upregulated after H1N1 infection. Deficiency of HIF-1α attenuates pulmonary injury, viral replication and cytokine storm in vivo. In addition, viral replication and cytokine storm were inhibited after HIF-1α knockdown in vitro. Mechanistically, the invasion of H1N1 virus into alveolar epithelial cells leads to a shift in glucose metabolism to glycolysis, with rapid production of ATP and lactate. Inhibition of glycolysis significantly suppresses viral replication and inflammatory responses. Further analysis revealed that H1N1-induced HIF-1α can promote the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), the key enzyme of glycolysis, and then not only provide energy for the rapid replication of H1N1 virus but also produce lactate, which reduces the accumulation of the MAVS/RIG-I complex and inhibits IFN-α/β production. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the upregulation of HIF-1α by H1N1 infection augments viral replication and cytokine storm by cellular metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis mainly through upregulation of HK2, providing a theoretical basis for finding potential targets for the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by H1N1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Sellarès-Nadal J, Burgos J, Velasquez F, Martin-Gómez MT, Antón A, Romero-Herrera D, Eremiev S, Bosch-Nicolau P, Rodriguez-Pardo D, Len O, Falcó V. Impact of viral detection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: An observational cohort study. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 161:523-529. [PMID: 37598051 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of a respiratory virus in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may have an impact on the bacterial etiology and clinical presentation. In this study we aimed to assess the role of viral infection in the bacterial etiology and outcomes of patients with CAP. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of all adults hospitalized with CAP between November 2017 and October 2018. Patients were classified according to the presence of viral infection. An unvaried and a multivaried analysis were performed to identify variables associated with viral infection and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Overall 590 patients were included. A microorganism was documented in 375 cases (63.5%). A viral infection was demonstrated in 118 (20%). The main pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (35.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.9%) and influenza virus (10.8%). A trend to a higher rate of S. aureus (p=0.06) in patients with viral infection was observed. Patients with viral infection had more often bilateral consolidation patterns (17.8% vs 10.8%, p=0.04), respiratory failure (59.3% vs 42.8%, p=0.001), ICU admission (17.8% vs 7%, p=0.001) and invasive mechanical ventilation (9.3% vs 2.8%, p=0.003). Risk factors for respiratory failure were chronic lung disease, age >65 years, positive blood cultures and viral infection. Influenza, virus but no other respiratory viruses, was associated with respiratory failure (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.06-6.73). CONCLUSIONS Our study reinforces the idea that co-viral infection has an impact in the clinical presentation of CAP causing a more severe clinical picture. This impact seems to be mainly due to influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sellarès-Nadal
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain; Malalties Infeccioses Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Burgos
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Velasquez
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Antón
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dani Romero-Herrera
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simeón Eremiev
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Bosch-Nicolau
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Rodriguez-Pardo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Len
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Falcó
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain
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Matevosyan M, Harutyunyan V, Abelyan N, Khachatryan H, Tirosyan I, Gabrielyan Y, Sahakyan V, Gevorgyan S, Arakelov V, Arakelov G, Zakaryan H. Design of new chemical entities targeting both native and H275Y mutant influenza a virus by deep reinforcement learning. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10798-10812. [PMID: 36541127 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2158936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a major public health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality and seasonal surge. Although antiviral drugs against the influenza virus are widely used as a first-line defense, the virus undergoes rapid genetic changes, resulting in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Thus, new antiviral drugs that can outwit resistant strains are of significant importance. Herein, we used deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to design new chemical entities (NCEs) that are able to bind to the native and H275Y mutant (oseltamivir-resistant) neuraminidases (NAs) of influenza A virus with better binding energy than oseltamivir. We generated more than 66211 NCEs, which were prioritized based on the filtering rules, structural alerts, and synthetic accessibility. Then, 18 NCEs with better MM/PBSA scores than oseltamivir were further analyzed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations conducted for 100 ns. The MD experiments showed that 8 NCEs formed very stable complexes with the binding pocket of both native and H275Y mutant NAs of H1N1. Furthermore, most NCEs demonstrated much better binding affinity to group 2 (N2, N3, and N9) and influenza B virus NAs than oseltamivir. Although all 8 NCEs have non-sialic acid-like structures, they showed a similar binding mode as oseltamivir, indicating that it is possible to find new scaffolds with better binding and antiviral properties than sialic acid-like inhibitors. In conclusion, we have designed potential compounds as antiviral candidates for further synthesis and testing against wild and mutant influenza virus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vahram Arakelov
- Denovo Sciences Inc, Yerevan, Armenia
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Grigor Arakelov
- Denovo Sciences Inc, Yerevan, Armenia
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hovakim Zakaryan
- Denovo Sciences Inc, Yerevan, Armenia
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
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Chen L, Hua J, He X. Genetic analysis of cuproptosis subtypes and immunological features in severe influenza. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106162. [PMID: 37207785 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating cuproptosis in severe influenza are still unknown. We aimed to identify the molecular subtypes of cuproptosis and immunological characteristics associated with severe influenza in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The expression of cuproptosis modulatory factors and immunological characteristics of these patients were analyzed using the public datasets (GSE101702, GSE21802, and GSE111368) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Seven cuproptotic-associated genes (ATP7B, ATP7A, FDX1, LIAS, DLD, MTF1, DBT) related to active immune responses were identified in patients suffering from severe and non-severe influenza and two cuproptosis-associated molecular subtypes were discovered in severe influenza patients. Singe-set gene set expression analysis (SsGSEA) indicated that compared with subtype 2, subtype 1 was characterized by reduced adaptive cellular immune responses and increased neutrophil activation. Gene set variation assessment revealed that cluster-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in subtype 1 were involved in autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and T cell, immune, and inflammatory responses, amongst others. The random forest (RF) model revealed the most differentiating efficiency with relatively small residual and root mean square error and an increased area under the curve value (AUC = 0.857). Lastly, a five-gene-based RF model (CD247, GADD45A, KIF1B, LIN7A, HLA_DPA1) was established, which showed satisfactory efficiency in the test datasets GSE111368 (AUC = 0.819). Nomogram calibration and decision curve analysis demonstrated its accuracy for the prediction of severe influenza. This study suggests that cuproptosis might be associated with the immunopathology of severe influenza. Additionally, an efficient model for the prediction of cuproptosis subtypes was developed which will contribute to the prevention and treatment of severe influenza patients needing IMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopu He
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Harpur CM, West AC, Le Page MA, Lam M, Hodges C, Oseghale O, Gearing AJ, Tate MD. Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1443. [PMID: 36969366 PMCID: PMC10034483 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Novel host‐targeted therapeutics could treat severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, with reduced risk of drug resistance. LAT8881 is a synthetic form of the naturally occurring C‐terminal fragment of human growth hormone. Acting independently of the growth hormone receptor, it can reduce inflammation‐induced damage and promote tissue repair in an animal model of osteoarthritis. LAT8881 has been assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of obesity and neuropathy and has an excellent safety profile. We investigated the potential for LAT8881, its metabolite LAT9991F and LAT7771 derived from prolactin, a growth hormone structural homologue, to treat severe IAV infection. Methods LAT8881, LAT9991F and LAT7771 were evaluated for their effects on cell viability and IAV replication in vitro, as well as their potential to limit disease in a preclinical mouse model of severe IAV infection. Results In vitro LAT8881 treatment enhanced cell viability, particularly in the presence of cytotoxic stress, which was countered by siRNA inhibition of host lanthionine synthetase C‐like proteins. Daily intranasal treatment of mice with LAT8881 or LAT9991F, but not LAT7771, from day 1 postinfection significantly improved influenza disease resistance, which was associated with reduced infectious viral loads, reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased abundance of protective alveolar macrophages. LAT8881 treatment in combination with the antiviral oseltamivir phosphate led to more pronounced reduction in markers of disease severity than treatment with either compound alone. Conclusion These studies provide the first evidence identifying LAT8881 and LAT9991F as novel host‐protective therapies that improve survival, limit viral replication, reduce local inflammation and curtail tissue damage during severe IAV infection. Evaluation of LAT8881 and LAT9991F in other infectious and inflammatory conditions of the airways is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Alison C West
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Mélanie A Le Page
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Maggie Lam
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Christopher Hodges
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Osezua Oseghale
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | | | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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Risk Factors for Influenza-Induced Exacerbations and Mortality in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020537. [PMID: 36851751 PMCID: PMC9961441 DOI: 10.3390/v15020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is a cause of exacerbations in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes and identify risk factors associated with hospitalization and mortality following influenza infection in adult patients with bronchiectasis. Using the Chang Gung Research Database, we identified patients with bronchiectasis and influenza-related infection (ICD-9-CM 487 and anti-viral medicine) between 2008 and 2017. The main outcomes were influenza-related hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rate. Eight hundred sixty-five patients with bronchiectasis and influenza infection were identified. Five hundred thirty-six (62%) patients with bronchiectasis were hospitalized for influenza-related infection and 118 (22%) patients had respiratory failure. Compared to the group only seen in clinic, the hospitalization group was older, with more male patients, a lower FEV1, higher bronchiectasis aetiology comorbidity index (BACI), and more acute exacerbations in the previous year. Co-infections were evident in 55.6% of hospitalized patients, mainly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), fungus (7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%). The respiratory failure group developed acute kidney injury (36% vs. 16%; p < 0.001), and shock (47% vs. 6%; p < 0.001) more often than influenza patients without respiratory failure. The overall mortality rate was 10.8% and the respiratory failure group exhibited significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates (27.1% vs. 6.2%; p < 0.001). Age, BACI, and previous exacerbations were independently associated with influenza-related hospitalization. Age, presence of shock, and low platelet counts were associated with increased hospital mortality. Influenza virus caused severe exacerbation in bronchiectasis, especially in those who were older and who had high BACI scores and previous exacerbations. A high risk of respiratory failure and mortality were observed in influenza-related hospitalization in bronchiectasis. We highlight the importance of preventing or treating influenza infection in bronchiectasis.
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Volkov L, Delpuech M, Conrad M, Courte G, Cravoisy A, Nace L, Baumann C, Gibot S. Clinical outcomes and characteristics of critically ill patients with influenza- and COVID-19-induced ARDS: A retrospective, matched cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1027984. [PMID: 36687437 PMCID: PMC9849681 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1027984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Seasonal epidemic influenza and SARS-CoV-2 are the most frequent viruses causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To what extent these two etiologies differ in ICU patients remains uncertain. We, therefore, aimed at comparing the severity and outcomes of influenza and SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods This retrospective, analytic, single-center study was conducted in the medical ICU of Nancy University Hospital in France. Adult patients hospitalized with confirmed influenza (from 2009 to 2019) or SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS (between March 2020 and May 2021) and those under mechanical ventilation were included. Each patient with influenza was matched with two patients with COVID-19, with the same severity of ARDS. The primary endpoint was death in ICU on day 28. The secondary endpoints were the duration of vasopressors, the use of renal replacement therapy, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the ICU length of stay. Results A total of 42 patients with influenza were matched with 84 patients with COVID-19. They had similar sex distribution, age, Charlson comorbidity index, and ARDS severity. On day 28, 11 (26.2%) patients in the influenza group and nine (10.7%) patients in the COVID-19 group had died (p = 0.0084, HR = 3.31, CI 95% [1.36-8.06]). In the univariate Cox model, being infected with SARS-CoV-2, SOFA and SAPS II scores, initial arterial pH, PaCO2, PaO2/FiO2, serum lactate level, platelet count, and use of renal replacement therapy were significantly associated with mortality. In the multivariate Cox model, the SOFA score at admission (p < 0.01, HR = 1.284, CI 95% [1.081; 1.525]) and the initial pH (p < 0.01, HR = 0.618, CI 95% [0.461; 0.828]) were the only predictors of mortality. The type of virus had no influence on mortality, though patients with COVID-19 underwent longer mechanical ventilation and received more neuromuscular blockers and prone positioning. Conclusion In mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS, 28-day mortality was higher among patients with influenza as compared to patients with COVID-19 because of a higher initial extra-pulmonary severity. However, the type of virus was not, by itself, correlated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Volkov
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Nancy, France,Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier-Le Mans, Le Mans, France,*Correspondence: Lev Volkov ✉
| | - Marion Delpuech
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Méthodologie Promotion Investigation (MPI) Department, Methodology, Data Management, and Statistic Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Conrad
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Nancy, France
| | - Guilhem Courte
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Nancy, France
| | - Aurélie Cravoisy
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Nancy, France
| | - Lionel Nace
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Nancy, France
| | - Cedric Baumann
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Méthodologie Promotion Investigation (MPI) Department, Methodology, Data Management, and Statistic Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Gibot
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Nancy, France
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12
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Critical Influenza and COVID-19—A Comparative Nationwide Case-Control Study. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0705. [PMID: 35620773 PMCID: PMC9113210 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Refined knowledge of risk factors for critical influenza and COVID-19 may lead to improved understanding of pathophysiology and better pandemic preparedness.
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13
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de Marignan D, Vacheron CH, Ader F, Lecocq M, Richard JC, Frobert E, Casalegno JS, Couray-Targe S, Argaud L, Rimmele T, Aubrun F, Dailler F, Fellahi JL, Bohe J, Piriou V, Allaouchiche B, Friggeri A, Wallet F. A retrospective comparison of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza mortality and outcomes in the ICUs of a French university hospital. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2022; 39:427-435. [PMID: 35200203 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) has become a major worldwide health concern since its appearance in China at the end of 2019. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intrinsic mortality and burden of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza pneumonia in ICUs in the city of Lyon, France. DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING Six ICUs in a single institution in Lyon, France. PATIENTS Consecutive patients admitted to an ICU with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia from 27 February to 4 April 2020 (COVID-19 group) and seasonal influenza pneumonia from 1 November 2015 to 30 April 2019 (influenza group). A total of 350 patients were included in the COVID-19 group (18 refused to consent) and 325 in the influenza group (one refused to consent). Diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR. Follow-up was completed on 1 April 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Differences in 90-day adjusted-mortality between the COVID-19 and influenza groups were evaluated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS COVID-19 patients were younger, mostly men and had a higher median BMI, and comorbidities, including immunosuppressive condition or respiratory history were less frequent. In univariate analysis, no significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding in-ICU mortality, 30, 60 and 90-day mortality. After Cox modelling adjusted on age, sex, BMI, cancer, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, simplified acute physiology score SAPS II score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and myocardial infarction, the probability of death associated with COVID-19 was significantly higher in comparison to seasonal influenza [hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI (1.14 to 2.17); P = 0.006]. The clinical course and morbidity profile of both groups was markedly different; COVID-19 patients had less severe illness at admission (SAPS II score, 37 [28 to 48] vs. 48 [39 to 61], P < 0.001 and SOFA score, 4 [2 to 8] vs. 8 [5 to 11], P < 0.001), but the disease was more severe considering ICU length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, PEEP level and prone positioning requirement. CONCLUSION After ICU admission, COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of death compared with seasonal influenza. Patient characteristics, clinical course and morbidity profile of these diseases is markedly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien de Marignan
- From the Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation anesthésie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite (DdM, C-HV, ML, JB, VP, BA, AF, FW), Service de Bio statistique - Bio-informatique, Pôle Santé Publique (C-HV), Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (FAd), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon University (FAd, FW), Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital De La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (CR), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATISUMR5220, U1206 (JCR), LaboratoiredeVirologie, Institutdes Agents Infectieux (IAI), Hospices Civilsde Lyon (EF, JSC), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Team VirPatH, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon University (EF, JSC), Pôlede Santé Publique, Departementd'Information Médicale, Hôpital De La Croix Rousse (SC-T), Service de médecine intensive réanimation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (LA), Service d'anesthésie réanimation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civilsde Lyon, Lyon (TR), Service d'Anesthéesie réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civilsde Lyon, Lyon (FAu), Service d'anesthésie réanimation, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (FD), Service d'Anesthésie réanimation, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (JLF), Health Services and Performance Research - HESPER, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Facultedé Médecine, Lyon (VP), Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Agression in Sepsis (APCSe), and Universitée de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, UPSP 2016. A101, Marcy l'Étoile, France (BA)
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14
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İNAN O, ŞAHİNER E. The effect of pandemic and COVID-19 vaccination campaigns on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination trends in patients with chronic diseases. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1062666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Cillóniz C, Pericàs JM, Rojas JR, Torres A. Severe Infections Due to Respiratory Viruses. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:60-74. [PMID: 35172359 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe viral infections may result in severe illnesses capable of causing acute respiratory failure that could progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), related to worse outcomes, especially in individuals with a higher risk of infection, including the elderly and those with comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease. In addition, in cases of severe viral pneumonia, co-infection with bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus is related to worse outcomes. Respiratory viruses like influenza, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus have increasingly been detected. This trend has become more prevalent, especially in critically ill patients, due to the availability and implementation of molecular assays in clinical practice. Respiratory viruses have been diagnosed as a frequent cause of severe pneumonia, including cases of community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of patients with severe infections due to respiratory viruses, with a focus on influenza viruses, non-influenza viruses, and coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cillóniz
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge R Rojas
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Regional Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo, Perú
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Zhang Z, Guo D, Ren Q. Successful Application of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in an Acute Tonsillitis Patient Complicated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report. Open Access Emerg Med 2021; 13:499-502. [PMID: 34819758 PMCID: PMC8608020 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s337568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of acute tonsillitis, a common disease in the emergency department, are mostly mild and those complicated by severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are rarely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhufeng Zhang
- Emergency Department of Sandun District of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Radiology Department of Sandun District of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ren
- Qi Ren Intensive Care Unit of Sandun District of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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17
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Okamori S, Ishii M, Asakura T, Suzuki S, Namkoong H, Kagawa S, Hegab AE, Yagi K, Kamata H, Kusumoto T, Ogawa T, Takahashi H, Yoda M, Horiuchi K, Hasegawa N, Fukunaga K. ADAM10 partially protects mice against influenza pneumonia by suppressing specific myeloid cell population. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L872-L884. [PMID: 34523355 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00619.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus infection poses a serious health threat worldwide. Myeloid cells play pivotal roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune defense. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of proteins contributes to various immune responses; however, the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) in influenza virus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated its role, focusing on myeloid cells, during influenza virus infection in mice. ADAM10 gene (Adam10)flox/flox/Lyz2-Cre (Adam10ΔLyz2) and control Adam10flox/flox mice were intranasally infected with 200 plaque-forming units of influenza virus A/H1N1/PR8/34. Adam10ΔLyz2 mice exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate, stronger lung inflammation, and a higher virus titer in the lungs than control mice. Macrophages and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL2, were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Adam10ΔLyz2 mice following infection. CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+ myeloid cells, which had an inflammatory monocyte/macrophage-like phenotype, were significantly increased in the lungs of Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Adoptive transfer experiments suggested that these cells likely contributed to the poorer prognosis in Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Seven days after infection, CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+ lung cells exhibited significantly higher arginase-1 expression levels in Adam10ΔLyz2 mice than in control mice, whereas an arginase-1 inhibitor improved the prognosis of Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Enhanced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/GM-CSF receptor signaling likely contributed to this process. Collectively, these results indicate that myeloid ADAM10 protects against influenza virus pneumonia and may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okamori
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society of Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusumoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defence Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Sheikh M, Kuperberg S. An organ systems-based review of outcomes associated with sleep apnea in hospitalized patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26857. [PMID: 34449455 PMCID: PMC8389950 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current global health crisis due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted the medical community to investigate the effects of underlying medical conditions, including sleep-disordered breathing, on inpatient care. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common form of sleep-disordered breathing that may complicate numerous acquired conditions, particularly in inpatient and critical care settings. Viral pneumonia is a major contributor to intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and often presents more severely in patients with underlying pulmonary disease, especially those with obesity and OSA. This review summarizes the most recent data regarding complications of both OSA and obesity and highlights their impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Additionally, it will highlight pertinent evidence for the complications of OSA in an organ-systems approach. Finally, this review will also discuss impatient treatment approaches for OSA, particularly in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaz Sheikh
- Stony Brook University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Stephen Kuperberg
- Stony Brook University Hospital, Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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19
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Bhatt PJ, Shiau S, Brunetti L, Xie Y, Solanki K, Khalid S, Mohayya S, Au PH, Pham C, Uprety P, Nahass R, Narayanan N. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Secondary Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e995-e1003. [PMID: 33216875 PMCID: PMC7717183 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Clinical characteristics regarding secondary infections in patients with COVID-19 have been reported but detailed microbiology, risk factors and outcomes of secondary bloodstream infections (sBSI) in patients with severe COVID-19 have not been well described. Methods We performed a multicenter, case-control study including all hospitalized patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 and blood cultures drawn from March 1, 2020 to May 7, 2020 at three academic medical centers in New Jersey, USA. Data collection included demographics, clinical and microbiologic variables, and patient outcomes. Risk factors and outcomes were compared between cases (sBSI) and controls (no sBSI). Results A total of 375 hospitalized patients were included. There were 128 sBSIs during the hospitalization. For the first set of positive blood cultures, 117 (91.4%) were bacterial and 7 (5.5%) were fungal. Those with sBSI were more likely to have altered mental status, lower mean percent oxygen saturation on room air, have septic shock and be admitted to the intensive care unit compared to the controls. In-hospital mortality was higher in those with a sBSI versus controls (53.1% vs 32.8%, p=0.0001). Conclusions We observed hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19 and sBSI had a more severe initial presentation, prolonged hospital course, and worse clinical outcomes. To maintain antimicrobial stewardship principles, further prospective studies are necessary to better characterize risk factors and prediction modeling to better understand when to suspect and empirically treat for sBSI in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki J Bhatt
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yingda Xie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kinjal Solanki
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shaza Khalid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sana Mohayya
- Department of Pharmacy, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pak Ho Au
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Uprety
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Navaneeth Narayanan
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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20
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Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112452. [PMID: 34205928 PMCID: PMC8199255 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial identification of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As effective vaccines and treatments begin to emerge, it will become increasingly important to identify and proactively manage the long-term respiratory complications of severe disease. The patterns of imaging abnormalities coupled with data from prior coronavirus outbreaks suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are likely at an increased risk of progression to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic pulmonary vascular disease. In this paper, we briefly review the definition, classification, and underlying pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We then review the current literature on the proposed mechanisms of lung injury in severe COVID-19 infection, and outline potential viral- and immune-mediated processes implicated in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Finally, we address patient-specific and iatrogenic risk factors that could lead to PCPF and discuss strategies for reducing risk of pulmonary complications/sequelae.
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21
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García Garmendia JL. [Spanish influenza score: Predictive power without giving up the classic]. Med Intensiva 2021; 45:67-68. [PMID: 38620584 PMCID: PMC7568483 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L García Garmendia
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Servicio de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos, Sevilla, España
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22
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Lui JK, Mesfin N, Tugal D, Klings ES, Govender P, Berman JS. Critical Care of Patients With Cardiopulmonary Complications of Sarcoidosis. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 37:441-458. [PMID: 33611981 DOI: 10.1177/0885066621993041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease defined by the presence of aberrant granulomas affecting various organs. Due to its multisystem involvement, care of patients with established sarcoidosis becomes challenging, especially in the intensive care setting. While the lungs are typically involved, extrapulmonary manifestations also occur either concurrently or exclusively within a significant proportion of patients, complicating diagnostic and management decisions. The scope of this review is to focus on what considerations are necessary in the evaluation and management of patients with known sarcoidosis and their associated complications within a cardiopulmonary and critical care perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Lui
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Mesfin
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin Tugal
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Klings
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Govender
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Berman
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Li M, Chen Y, Chen T, Hu S, Chen L, Shen L, Li F, Yang J, Sun Y, Wang D, He L, Qin S, Shu Y. A host-based whole genome sequencing study reveals novel risk loci associated with severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:123-131. [PMID: 33393450 PMCID: PMC7832503 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1870412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has remained in a seasonal circulation since being recognized in 2009. Although it followed a mild course in most patients, in others it caused a series of severe clinical illnesses. Epidemiologic studies have implicated that host factors have a major influence on the disease severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. However, an understanding of relevant genetic variations and the underlying mechanisms is still limited. In this present study, we used a host-based whole genome sequencing (WGS) method to comprehensively explore the genetic risk loci associated with severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. From the common single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) analysis, we identified the abnormal nominally significant (P < 1 × 10−4) common SNVs enriched in PTBP3 gene. The results of rare functional SNVs analysis supported that there were several novel candidate genes might confer risk of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 diseases, such as FTSJ3, CPVL, BST2, NOD2 and MAVS. Moreover, our results of gene set based analysis indicated that the HIF-1 transcription factor and IFN-γ pathway might play an important role in the underlying mechanism of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These findings will increase our knowledge about biological mechanism underlying the severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and facilitate to design novel personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Hu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Luan Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Rowell CER, Dobrovolny HM. Energy Requirements for Loss of Viral Infectivity. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:281-294. [PMID: 32757142 PMCID: PMC7405386 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Outside the host, viruses will eventually lose their ability to infect cells due to conformational changes that occur to proteins on the viral capsid. In order to undergo a conformational change, these proteins require energy to activate the chemical reaction that leads to the conformational change. In this study, data from the literature is used to calculate the energy required for viral inactivation for a variety of different viruses by means of the Arrhenius equation. We find that some viruses (rhinovirus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus, and hepatitis A virus) have high inactivation energies, indicative of breaking of a chemical double bond. We also find that several viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus, and norovirus) have nonlinear Arrhenius plots, suggesting that there is more than a single pathway for inactivation of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E R Rowell
- Department of Chemistry, Wingate University, Hendersonville, NC, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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25
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Ludmir J, Lu S, Dalia A, Shelton KT. COVID-Associated Myocardial Injury: Crossing the Threshold for Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:854-856. [PMID: 33358106 PMCID: PMC7685044 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ludmir
- Cardiology Division, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shu Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Dalia
- Department of Anesthesia, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth T Shelton
- Department of Anesthesia, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Abstract
In December 2019, the first cases of a new contagious disease were diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. Within a short period of time the outbreak developed exponentially into a pandemic that infected millions of people, with a global death toll of more than 500,000 during its first 6 months. Eventually, the novel disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the new virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Similar to all known pandemics throughout history, COVID-19 has been accompanied by a large degree of fear, anxiety, uncertainty, and economic disaster worldwide. Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. Past pandemics were caused by a wide range of microbes, primarily viruses, but also bacteria. Characteristically, a significant proportion of them originated in different animal species (zoonoses). Since an understanding of the microbial cause of these diseases was unveiled relatively late in human history, past pandemics were often attributed to strange causes including punishment from God, demonic activity, or volatile unspecified substances. Although a high case fatality ratio was common to all pandemic diseases, some striking clinical characteristics of each disease allowed contemporaneous people to clinically diagnose the infection despite null microbiological information. In comparison to past pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 has tricky and complex mechanisms that have facilitated its rapid and catastrophic spread worldwide.
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27
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Liu X, Cao W, Li T. High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1660. [PMID: 32760407 PMCID: PMC7372093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic event on Mar 12, 2020, and the number of confirmed cases is still on the rise worldwide. While most infected individuals only experience mild symptoms or may even be asymptomatic, some patients rapidly progress to severe acute respiratory failure with substantial mortality, making it imperative to develop an efficient treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia alongside supportive care. So far, the optimal treatment strategy for severe COVID-19 remains unknown. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood product pooled from healthy donors with high concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and has been used in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases for more than 30 years. In this review, we aim to highlight the known mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of high-dose IVIg therapy, the immunopathological hypothesis of viral pneumonia, and the clinical evidence of IVIg therapy in viral pneumonia. We then make cautious therapeutic inferences about high-dose IVIg therapy in treating severe COVID-19. These inferences may provide relevant and useful insights in order to aid treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Perricone C, Triggianese P, Bartoloni E, Cafaro G, Bonifacio AF, Bursi R, Perricone R, Gerli R. The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2020; 111:102468. [PMID: 32317220 PMCID: PMC7164894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series. In COVID-19 patients a pro-inflammatory status with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1 receptor (R)A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IL-6 and TNF-α have been observed in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization. This provided rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatments for this severe viral infection. Other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine might have a direct anti-viral effect. The anti-viral aspect of immunosuppressants towards a variety of viruses has been known since long time and it is herein discussed in the view of searching for a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo F Bonifacio
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bursi
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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29
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Lytras T, Andreopoulou A, Gkolfinopoulou K, Mouratidou E, Tsiodras S. Association between type-specific influenza circulation and incidence of severe laboratory-confirmed cases; which subtype is the most virulent? Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:922-927. [PMID: 31760112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess population mortality during winter is most often associated with influenza A(H3N2), though susceptibility differs by age. We examined differences between influenza types/subtypes in their association with severe laboratory-confirmed cases, overall and by age group, to determine which type is the most virulent. METHODS We used nine seasons of comprehensive nationwide surveillance data from Greece (2010-2011 to 2018-2019) to examine the association, separately for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, between the number of laboratory-confirmed severe cases (intensive care hospitalizations or deaths) per type/subtype and the overall type-specific circulation during the season (expressed as a cumulative incidence proxy). Quasi-Poisson models with identity link were used, and multiple imputation to handle missing influenza A subtype. RESULTS For the same level of viral circulation and across all ages, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was associated with twice as many intensive care hospitalizations as A(H3N2) (rate ratio (RR) 1.89, 95% CI 1.38-2.74) and three times more than influenza B (RR 3.27, 95%CI 2.54-4.20). Similar associations were observed for laboratory-confirmed deaths. A(H1N1)pdm09 affected adults over 40 years at similar rates, whereas A(H3N2) affected elderly people at a much higher rate than younger persons (≥65 vs. 40-64 years, RR for intensive care 5.42, 95% CI 3.45-8.65, and RR for death 6.19, 95%CI 4.05-9.38). Within the 40-64 years age group, A(H1N1)pdm09 was associated with an approximately five times higher rate of severe disease than both A(H3N2) and B. DISCUSSION Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 is associated with many more severe laboratory-confirmed cases, likely due to a more typical clinical presentation and younger patient age, leading to more testing. A(H3N2) affects older people more, with cases less often recognized and confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lytras
- National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - E Mouratidou
- National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - S Tsiodras
- National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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