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Wu H, Tang T, Deng H, Chen D, Zhang C, Luo J, Chen S, Zhang P, Yang J, Dong L, Chang T, Tang ZH. Immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 promotes NKT cell apoptosis and predicts poorer prognosis in Sepsis. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109249. [PMID: 36736642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a leading cause of death among critically ill patients, which is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host immune response to infection. Immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 plays important and complex roles in regulating immune responses and in inducing immune tolerance. Although immune checkpoint blockade would be expected as a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis, but the underlying mechanism remain unknown, especially under clinical conditions. METHODS Tim-3 expression and apoptosis in NKT cells were compared in septic patients (27 patients with sepsis and 28 patients with septic shock). Phenotypic and functional characterization of Tim-3+ NKT cells were analysed, and then the relationship between Tim-3 + NKT cells and clinical prognosis were investigated in septic patients. α-lactose (Tim-3/Galectin-9 signalling inhibitor) and Tim-3 mutant mice (targeting mutation of the Tim-3 cytoplasmic domain) were utilized to evaluate the protective effect of Tim-3 signalling blockade following septic challenge. RESULTS There is a close correlation between Tim-3 expression and the functional status of NKT cells in septic patients, Upregulated Tim-3 expression promoted NKT cell activation and apoptosis during the early stage of sepsis, and it was associated with worse disease severity and poorer prognosis in septic patients. Blockade of the Tim-3/Galectin-9 signal axis using α-lactose inhibited in vitro apoptosis of NKT cells isolated from septic patients. Impaired activity of Tim-3 protected mice following septic challenge. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings demonstrated that immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 in NKT cells plays a critical role in the immunopathogenesis of septic patients. Blockade of immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 may be a promising immunomodulatory strategy in future clinical practice for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tingxuan Tang
- Class 1901, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Deng Chen
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jialiu Luo
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shunyao Chen
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingzhi Yang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Teding Chang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Tang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zheng L, Ling W, Zhu D, Li Z, Li Y, Zhou H, Kong L. Roquin-1 resolves sepsis-associated acute liver injury by regulating inflammatory profiles via miRNA cargo in extracellular vesicles. iScience 2023; 26:107295. [PMID: 37554446 PMCID: PMC10405074 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute liver injury (SALI) is an independent risk for sepsis-induced death orchestrated by innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we found that Roquin-1 was decreased during SALI and expressed mainly in monocyte-derived macrophages. Meanwhile, Roquin-1 was correlated with the inflammatory profiles in humans and mice. Mechanically, Roquin-1 in macrophages promoted Ago2-K258-ubiquitination and inhibited Ago2-S387/S828-phosphorylation. Ago2-S387-phosphorylation inhibited Ago2-miRNA's complex location in multivesicular bodies and sorting in macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs), while Ago2-S828-phosphorylation modulated the binding between Ago2 and miRNAs by special miRNAs-motifs. Then, the anti-inflammatory miRNAs in MDEVs decreased TSC22D2 expression directly, upregulated Tregs-differentiation via TSC22D2-STAT3 signaling, and inhibited M1-macrophage-polarization by TSC22D2-AMPKα-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, WT MDEVs in mice alleviated SALI by increasing Tregs ratio and decreasing M1-macrophage frequency synchronously. Our study showed that Roquin-1 in macrophages increased Tregs-differentiation and decreased M1-macrophage-polarization simultaneously via miRNA in MDEVs, suggesting Roquin-1 can be used as a potential tool for SALI treatment and MDEVs engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ling
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Deming Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Jeong SH, Park JY, Ryu YB, Kim WS, Lee IC, Kim JH, Kim D, Ha JH, Lee BW, Nam J, Cho KO, Kwon HJ. Myristica fragrans Extract Inhibits Platelet Desialylation and Activation to Ameliorate Sepsis-Associated Thrombocytopenia in a Murine CLP-Induced Sepsis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108863. [PMID: 37240208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, characterized by an uncontrolled host inflammatory response to infections, remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients worldwide. Sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia (SAT), a common disease in patients with sepsis, is an indicator of disease severity. Therefore, alleviating SAT is an important aspect of sepsis treatment; however, platelet transfusion is the only available treatment strategy for SAT. The pathogenesis of SAT involves increased platelet desialylation and activation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Myristica fragrans ethanol extract (MF) on sepsis and SAT. Desialylation and activation of platelets treated with sialidase and adenosine diphosphate (platelet agonist) were assessed using flow cytometry. The extract inhibited platelet desialylation and activation via inhibiting bacterial sialidase activity in washed platelets. Moreover, MF improved survival and reduced organ damage and inflammation in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. It also prevented platelet desialylation and activation via inhibiting circulating sialidase activity, while maintaining platelet count. Inhibition of platelet desialylation reduces hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor-mediated platelet clearance, thereby reducing hepatic JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and thrombopoietin mRNA expression. This study lays a foundation for the development of plant-derived therapeutics for sepsis and SAT and provides insights into sialidase-inhibition-based sepsis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Nam
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea
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Chen H, Zhang X, Su H, Zeng J, Chan H, Li Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Wu WKK, Chan MTV, Chen H. Immune dysregulation and RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in sepsis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1764. [PMID: 36149809 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host immune dysregulation to infection. It is a highly heterogeneous syndrome with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. The host immune response to sepsis can be divided into hyper-inflammatory and immune-suppressive phases which could exist simultaneously. In the initial stage, systemic immune response is activated after exposure to pathogens. Both innate and adaptive immune cells undergo epigenomic, transcriptomic, and functional reprogramming, resulting in systemic and persistent inflammatory responses. Following the hyper-inflammatory phase, the body is in a state of continuous immunosuppression, which is related to immune cell apoptosis, metabolic failure, and epigenetic reprogramming. Immunosuppression leads to increased susceptibility to secondary infections in patients with sepsis. RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) has been recognized as an indispensable epitranscriptomic modification involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies suggest that m6A could reprogram both innate and adaptive immune cells through posttranscriptional regulation of RNA metabolism. Dysregulated m6A modifications contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. In this review, we summarize immune cell changes and the potential role of m6A modification in sepsis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judeng Zeng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Cao L, Wen M, Hu Z, Jia W, Lin J, Hu B, Wu G, Tong S, Chen Q, Liu X, Weng X. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in septic liver injury. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231173272. [PMID: 37190764 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231173272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Septic liver injury is a major burden for the clinical management of sepsis. Hepatocyte cell death plays a crucial pathophysiological role in sepsis. A recent study proposed that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis participates in septic liver injury. Therefore, investigating the mechanism controlling this process may help manage sepsis. METHODS We investigated the role of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo using mouse models and in vitro in primary hepatocytes. RESULTS HIPK2 could improve liver injury and survival in a mouse model of sepsis. Overexpression of HIPK2 could suppress NLRP3 and caspase-1-p20 expression, while HIPK2 knockdown led to higher levels of these two molecules. Importantly, HIPK2 could suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pharmacologically inhibiting ER stress could abolish activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocytes with HIPK2 knockdown. CONCLUSION HIPK2 can regulate ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver during sepsis, and HIPK2-mediated suppression of ER stress participates in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The present study highlights the role of HIPK2 in regulating the inflammasome in septic liver injury, which may serve as a target for managing sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Min Wen
- Department of Stomatology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Weihe Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengchuang Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinglin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingming Liu
- Department of Urology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuhao Weng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, China
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Şehitoğlu MH, Öztopuz RÖ, Kılınç N, Ovalı MA, Büyük B, Gulcin İ. Thymol regulates the Endothelin-1 at gene expression and protein synthesis levels in septic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110426. [PMID: 36870466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious systemic inflammatory response to infections. In this study, effects of thymol treatments on sepsis response were investigated. A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into 3 different treatment groups, namely as Control, Sepsis and Thymol. A sepsis model was created with a cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in the sepsis group. For the treatment group, 100 mg/kg dose of thymol was administered via oral gavage and sepsis was established with a CLP after 1 h. All rats were sacrificed at 12 h post-opia. Blood and tissue samples were taken. ALT, AST, urea, creatinine and LDH were evaluated to assess the sepsis response in separated sera. Gene expression analysis was conducted for ET-1, TNF-α, IL-1 in lung, kidney and liver tissue samples. ET-1 and thymol interactions were determined by molecular docking studies. The ET-1, SOD, GSH-Px and MDA levels were determined by ELISA method. Genetic, biochemical and histopathological results were evaluated statistically. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and ET-1 gene expression revealed a significant decrease in the treatment groups, while there was an increase in septic groups. SOD, GSH-Px and MDA levels of rat tissues were significantly different in the thymol groups as compared to the sepsis groups (p < 0.05). Likewise, ET-1 levels were significantly reduced in the thymol groups. In terms of serum parameters, present findings were consistent with the literature. It was concluded based on present findings that thymol therapy may reduce sepsis-related morbidity, which would be beneficial in the early phase of the sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müşerref Hilal Şehitoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Rahime Özlem Öztopuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Namık Kılınç
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Higher Education for Healthcare Services, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Ovalı
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Başak Büyük
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Demokrasi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Abdelnaser M, Alaaeldin R, Attya ME, Fathy M. Hepatoprotective potential of gabapentin in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis; targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NF-kB/MAPK signaling pathways. Life Sci 2023; 320:121562. [PMID: 36907325 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis is a severe inflammatory response to infection with an incidence rate exceeding 48 million cases and 11 million sepsis-related deaths yearly. Furthermore, sepsis remains the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. The present study aimed to examine, for the first time, the potential hepatoprotective activity of gabapentin on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats at the molecular level. MAIN METHODS CLP was used as a model of sepsis in male Wistar rats. Histological examination and liver functions were evaluated. Levels of MDA, GSH, SOD, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were investigated using ELISA. mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and NF-kB were assessed by qRT-PCR. Western blotting investigated the expression of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and cleaved caspase 3 proteins. KEY FINDINGS CLP resulted in liver damage, elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, increased expression of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and cleaved caspase 3 proteins, and upregulated Bax and NF-κB genes expression while it down-regulated Bcl-2 gene expression. However, gabapentin treatment significantly reduced the severity of CLP-induced biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes. Gabapentin attenuated the levels of the proinflammatory mediators, decreased the expression of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and cleaved caspase 3 proteins, suppressed Bax and NF-κB genes expression and increased the expression of the Bcl-2 gene. SIGNIFICANCE Consequently, Gabapentin reduced hepatic injury resulting from CLP-induced sepsis by reducing proinflammatory mediators, attenuating apoptosis, and inhibiting the intracellular MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK1/2)-NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelnaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Mina Ezzat Attya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
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Hossein-javaheri N, Rafa O, Reese A, Alsalahi A. Acute Sepsis-Induced Cholestatic Disease Presenting With Isolated Hyper-Bilirubinemia. Cureus 2023; 15:e35378. [PMID: 36994283 PMCID: PMC10042527 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced cholestatic disease occurs in a fair amount of critically-ill patients. Although the mechanism is poorly understood, hypoperfusion to the liver is one of the most common mechanisms that lead to liver dysfunction and subsequently biliary disease. Hepatic conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatitis A may have an impact on how sepsis-induced cholestatic disease can present. Understanding the presentation of sepsis-induced cholestasis and addressing the underlying cause of sepsis can certainly lead to better outcomes without the need for procedure intervention. We explore a patient with acute sepsis-induced cholestatic disease who had recently-resolving hepatitis A infection and underlying cirrhosis.
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Vivas W, Weis S. Tidy up - The unfolded protein response in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980680. [PMID: 36341413 PMCID: PMC9632622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens, their toxic byproducts, and the subsequent immune reaction exert different forms of stress and damage to the tissue of the infected host. This stress can trigger specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional programs that have evolved to limit the pathogenesis of infectious diseases by conferring tissue damage control. If these programs fail, infectious diseases can take a severe course including organ dysfunction and damage, a phenomenon that is known as sepsis and which is associated with high mortality. One of the key adaptive mechanisms to counter infection-associated stress is the unfolded protein response (UPR), aiming to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and restore protein homeostasis. This is mediated via a set of diverse and complementary mechanisms, i.e. the reduction of protein translation, increase of protein folding capacity, and increase of polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins and subsequent proteasomal degradation. However, UPR is not exclusively beneficial since its enhanced or prolonged activation might lead to detrimental effects such as cell death. Thus, fine-tuning and time-restricted regulation of the UPR should diminish disease severity of infectious disease and improve the outcome of sepsis while not bearing long-term consequences. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the UPR, its role in infectious diseases, regulation mechanisms, and further clinical implications in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Vivas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Vivas,
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Luo WJ, Yu SL, Chang CC, Chien MH, Chang YL, Liao KM, Lin PC, Chung KP, Chuang YH, Chen JJW, Yang PC, Su KY. HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages. eLife 2022; 11:76094. [PMID: 35983991 PMCID: PMC9457701 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 has emerged as a key factor in both innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the role of HLJ1, a molecular chaperone in HSP40 family, in modulating endotoxin-induced sepsis severity is still unclear. During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock, HLJ1 knockout mice shows reduced organ injury and IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-dependent mortality. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterize mouse liver nonparenchymal cell populations under LPS stimulation, and show that HLJ1 deletion affected IFN-γ-related gene signatures in distinct immune cell clusters. In CLP models, HLJ1 deletion reduces IFN-γ expression and sepsis mortality rate when mice are treated with antibiotics. HLJ1 deficiency also leads to reduced serum levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated mice, contributing to dampened production of IFN-γ in natural killer cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and subsequently to improved survival rate. Adoptive transfer of HLJ1-deleted macrophages into LPS-treated mice results in reduced IL-12 and IFN-γ levels and protects the mice from IFN-γ-dependent mortality. In the context of molecular mechanisms, HLJ1 is an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages and converts misfolded IL-12p35 homodimers to monomers, which maintains bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimerization and secretion. This study suggests HLJ1 causes IFN-γ-dependent septic lethality by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization, and targeting HLJ1 has therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases involving activated IL-12/IFN-γ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Chien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Mao Liao
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Beyer D, Hoff J, Sommerfeld O, Zipprich A, Gaßler N, Press AT. The liver in sepsis: molecular mechanism of liver failure and their potential for clinical translation. Mol Med 2022; 28:84. [PMID: 35907792 PMCID: PMC9338540 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is a life-threatening complication of infections restricting the host's response to infection. The pivotal role of the liver in metabolic, synthetic, and immunological pathways enforces limits the host's ability to control the immune response appropriately, making it vulnerable to ineffective pathogen resistance and tissue damage. Deregulated networks of liver diseases are gradually uncovered by high-throughput, single-cell resolved OMICS technologies visualizing an astonishing diversity of cell types and regulatory interaction driving tolerogenic signaling in health and inflammation in disease. Therefore, this review elucidates the effects of the dysregulated host response on the liver, consequences for the immune response, and possible avenues for personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Beyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Kastanienstr. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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12
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Al Sulaiman K, Kharbosh A, Bin Salah K, Alsulaiman T, Al Andas N, Aljuhani O, Vishwakarma R. Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Study. J Pharm Pract 2022; 36:566-571. [PMID: 37189247 DOI: 10.1177/08971900211038363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in critically ill patients as adjunctive therapy for sepsis/septic shock in neonates and children is controversial, while it has not been extensively investigated in adults. This study aims to assess the effect of UDCA use on the early resolution of sepsis/septic shock in critically ill adult patients. Method: A retrospective study of critically ill adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) admitted with sepsis/septic shock at King Abdulaziz Medical City. Based on their usage of UDCA, patients were categorized into two groups. A total of 88 patients were included for analysis after matching, based on severity of illness scores within 24-hours of ICU admission. The primary outcome was to assess the effect of UDCA on the severity and resolution of shock at day three of ICU admission. The secondary outcomes were 30-day in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and ICU length of stay (LOS). Results: Out of the 88 patients matched, 44 patients (50%) received UDCA during the study period. Using UDCA was neither associated with improvement in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ( p-value: 0.32), inotropes/vasopressors requirement ( p-value: 0.79), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ( p-value: 0.59) nor total bilirubin levels ( p-value: 0.79) at day three compared with the control. There was a significant association between using UDCA and improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio ( p-value: 0.01) and early extubation at day three ( p-value: 0.04). Conclusion: Using UDCA in critically ill patients with sepsis/septic shock was not associated with improvement in shock severity and resolution. However, patients who received UDCA were more likely to be extubated and not require MV on day three of ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Sulaiman
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Kharbosh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Bin Salah
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alsulaiman
- Family Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al Andas
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Vishwakarma
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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He K, Cao C, Xu X, Ye Z, Ma X, Chen W, Du P. Octanoic acid-rich enteral nutrition prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury through c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent autophagy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:1353-1360. [PMID: 34719794 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver injury (ALI) is an essential component of sepsis associated with poor outcomes. Octanoic acid (OA), a medium-chain fatty acid, has a protective effect on sepsis-induced organ damage, and autophagy is an adaptive response to sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism by which OA prevents ALI remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether OA-rich enteral nutrition (EN) prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent autophagy. METHODS Firstly, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, LPS, LPS + EN, and LPS + EN + OA) to detect the effect of OA-rich EN on LPS-induced ALI. Then, rats were randomly divided into five groups (sham, LPS, LPS + EN + OA, LPS + EN + OA + anisomycin (AN), and LPS + SP600125) to explore the mechanism by which OA-rich EN prevented ALI. EN and OA-rich EN were conducted through gastric tubes for 3 days. The liver protective effects were measured by liver histopathological changes, enzymes, inflammatory cytokines of serum and liver, the levels of autophagy, and JNK activity. RESULTS OA-rich EN inhibited JNK activity, up-regulated autophagy and prevented LPS-induced ALI. Inhibition of JNK activity conferred by SP promoted autophagy and prevented LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, the protective effect of autophagy and inhibition of JNK activity conferred by OA-rich EN on ALI was counteracted by AN. CONCLUSION OA-rich EN prevented LPS-induced ALI through JNK-dependent autophagy. This result suggested that OA-rich EN may be a therapeutic potential for ALI in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming He
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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6-Shogaol Mitigates Sepsis-Associated Hepatic Injury through Transcriptional Regulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103427. [PMID: 34684425 PMCID: PMC8540559 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction presents a significant public health problem. 6-Shogaol is the key bioactive component in dry ginger, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. The present study aims to investigate the preventive effect of 6-shogaol on sepsis-induced liver injury. 6-Shogaol was administered to mice for 7 consecutive days before being intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 24 h, mice were sacrificed, and biochemical and transcriptomic analyses were performed. Our results demonstrated that 6-shogaol prevented LPS-induced impairment in antioxidant enzymes and elevation in malondialdehyde level in the liver. The hepatic inflammatory response was significantly suppressed by 6-shogaol through suppressing the MAPK/NFκB pathway. RNA-sequencing data analysis revealed that 41 overlapped genes between the LPS vs. control group and 6-shogaol vs. LPS group were identified, among which 36 genes were upregulated, and 5 genes were downregulated for the LPS vs. control group. These overlapped genes are enriched in inflammation-related pathways, e.g., TNF and NFκB. The mRNA expression of the overlapped genes was also verified in the LPS-induced BRL-3A cell model. In summary, 6-shogaol shows great potential as a natural chemopreventive agent to treat sepsis-associated hepatic disorders.
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15
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De Ritis Ratio as a Significant Prognostic Factor in Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Analysis. J Surg Res 2021; 264:375-385. [PMID: 33848836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the aspartate transaminase and/or alanine transaminase ratio (DRR) and long-term mortality of patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study among adult septic patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. Baseline characteristics were compared between survivors and non survivors. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to evaluate the relation of DRR with 180-day mortality. The potential prognostic value of DRR in predicting mortality rate was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition, we conducted subgroup analysis by the optimal DRR cutoff value. RESULTS We included a total of 183 patients in the current study, and 44 (24%) patients died within 180 days of hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that DRR was an independent predictor of 180-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.421, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.073-1.883, P = 0.014). The predictive accuracy of DRR for 180-day mortality was presented as an ROC curve, which had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.708 (95% CI 0.629-0.786, P < 0.001). After we stratified all enrolled patients into two groups by using the optimal cutoff value of 1.29, we observed a significantly higher mortality in patients with a relatively high DRR. CONCLUSIONS An elevated DRR was associated with higher 180-day mortality among septic patients, and DRR might be an optimal marker for predicting the long-term mortality of sepsis. More prospective and randomized trials are needed to confirm the prognostic value of DRR.
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16
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Lin J, Gu C, Zhang S, Tian L, Ren K, Cao Z, Han X. Sites and Causes of Infection in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Liver Dysfunction: A Population Study from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928928. [PMID: 33638975 PMCID: PMC7927361 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between the site of infection, type of pathogen, and the occurrence of sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD). This population study aimed to identify the sites and types of infection in SALD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III. Patients with sepsis were divided into a SALD group and a control group. We evaluated the effect of the location of culture-positive specimens and the distribution of pathogens on the occurrence of SALD and then compared the clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 14 596 admissions were included, and the incidence of SALD was 11.96%. Positive bile culture (odds ratio [OR] 7.450, P<0.001), peritoneal fluid culture (OR 3.616, P<0.001), and blood culture (OR 1.957, P<0.001) were correlated with the occurrence of SALD. Infection with Enterococcus faecium (OR 3.065, P<0.001), Bacteroides fragilis (OR 2.061, P<0.001), Klebsiella oxytoca (OR 2.066, P<0.001), Enterobacter aerogenes (OR 1.92, P=0.001), and Aspergillus fumigatus (OR 2.144, P=0.001) were correlated with the occurrence of SALD. The Intensive Care Unit mortality and hospital mortality were higher in the SALD group than in the control group (24.7% vs 9.0%, P<0.001; 34.2% vs 13.8%, P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SALD should be considered for patients with sepsis whose infection site is the biliary system, abdominal cavity, or blood and the pathogen is Enterococcus faecium, B. fragilis, K. oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, or A. fumigatus. When SALD occurs in patients with sepsis, the above infection sites and pathogens should be considered first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lin
- Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chunfeng Gu
- Ctrip Infrastructure Service, Trip.com Group Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Suyan Zhang
- Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lijun Tian
- Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Ren
- Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhilong Cao
- Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xudong Han
- Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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17
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Fan J, He M, Wang CJ, Zhang M. Gadolinium Chloride Inhibits the Production of Liver Interleukin-27 and Mitigates Liver Injury in the CLP Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:2605973. [PMID: 33564275 PMCID: PMC7867451 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2605973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver macrophages play an important regulatory role in the inflammatory response of liver injury after severe infection. Interleukin- (IL-) 27 is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in diseases caused by bacterial infection. However, the relationship between IL-27 and liver macrophages in liver injury after severe infection is not yet clear. METHODS A cecal ligation puncture (CLP) model was established in wild-type (WT) and IL-27 receptor- (WSX-1-) deficient (IL-27r-/-) mice, and recombinant IL-27 and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) were injected into WT mice in the designated groups. The serum and liver IL-27, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β expression levels were evaluated by ELISA, quantitative PCR, or Western blotting; serum ALT and AST were detected by detection kits; and the severity of liver damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the TUNEL assay of the liver tissue from the different groups. Liver macrophage polarization was evaluated by immunofluorescence. In addition, the polarization of peritoneal macrophage was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The serum and liver IL-27 expression levels were elevated in WT mice after CLP-induced severe infection, which were consistent with the changes in HE scores in the liver tissue. The levels of serum ALT, AST, liver IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA and liver pathological injury scores were further increased when pretreated with recombinant IL-27 in WT mice, but these levels were decreased in IL-27r-/- mice after CLP-induced severe infection compared to WT mice. In WT mice pretreated with GdCl3, liver pathological scores, serum ALT and AST, TUNEL-positive cell proportion from liver tissues, liver IL-27 expression, and the liver macrophages M1 polarization proportion decreased after CLP; however, the serum IL-27, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and the pathological lung and kidney scores were not significantly changed. When supplemented with exogenous IL-27, the liver pathological scores, serum ALT, AST, TUNEL-positive cell proportion of liver tissues, liver IL-27 expression, and the liver macrophage M1 polarization proportion increased. The in vitro, IL-27 expression increased in peritoneal macrophages when stimulated with LPS. Recombinant IL-27 together with LPS promoted the elevations in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in supernatant and the M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSION IL-27 is an important cytokine in the inflammatory response to liver injury after severe infection. The reduction of liver injury by gadolinium chloride in severe infection mice models may relate to the inhibition of liver IL-27 production. These changes may be mainly related to the decrease of liver macrophages M1 polarization. IL-27 may have a positive feedback on these macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Miao He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Chuan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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Larrouyet-Sarto ML, Tamura AS, Alves VS, Santana PT, Ciarlini-Magalhães R, Rangel TP, Siebert C, Hartwig JR, Dos Santos TM, Wyse ATS, Takiya CM, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. P2X7 receptor deletion attenuates oxidative stress and liver damage in sepsis. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:561-572. [PMID: 33090332 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe disease characterized by an uncontrolled systemic inflammation and consequent organ dysfunction generated in response to an infection. Extracellular ATP acting through the P2X7 receptor induces the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β) and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that lead to oxidative tissue damage. Here, we investigated the role of the P2X7 receptor in inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver injury in sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in wild-type (WT) and P2X7 knockout (P2X7-/-) mice. The oxidative stress in the liver of septic mice was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein oxidation reaction (DCF), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and nitrite levels dosage. The status of the endogenous defense system was evaluated through catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The inflammation was assessed histologically and by determining the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by RT-qPCR. We observed an increase in the reactive species and lipid peroxidation in the liver of septic WT mice, but not in the liver from P2X7-/- animals. We found an imbalance SOD/CAT ratio, also only WT septic animals. The number of inflammatory cells and the gene expression of IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were higher in the liver of WT septic mice in comparison to P2X7-/- septic animals. In summary, our results suggest that the P2X7 receptor might be a therapeutic target to limit oxidative stress damage and liver injury during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luciana Larrouyet-Sarto
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Augusto Shuiti Tamura
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Santana
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ciarlini-Magalhães
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Thuany Prado Rangel
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane R Hartwig
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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19
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Ting WT, Chang RW, Wang CH, Chen YS, Lee JJ. Comparison of the trometamol-balanced solution with two other crystalloid solutions for fluid resuscitation of a rat hemorrhagic model. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e6. [PMID: 31940685 PMCID: PMC7000892 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the optimal resuscitation fluid remains debatable. Therefore, in the present study, we designed a trometamol-balanced solution (TBS) for use as a resuscitation fluid for hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 18 male Wistar-Kyoto rats, which were assigned to normal saline (NS), Ringer's solution (RS), and TBS groups. During the hemorrhagic state, their hemodynamic parameters were recorded using an Abbott i-STAT analyzer with the CG4+ cartridge (for pH, pressure of carbon dioxide, pressure of oxygen, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base excess, oxygen saturation, and lactate), the CG6+ cartridge (for sodium, potassium, chloride, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (calcium, magnesium, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin). Similar trends were found for the parameters of biochemistries, electrolytes, and blood gas, and they revealed no significant changes after blood withdrawal-induced hemorrhagic shock. However, the TBS group showed more effective ability to correct metabolic acidosis than the NS and RS groups. TBS was a feasible and safe resuscitation solution in this study and may be an alternative to NS and RS for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock patients without liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ting Ting
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ru Wen Chang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chih Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yih Sharng Chen
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Jih Jong Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan.,Animal Cancer Treatment Center, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei 10672, Taiwan.
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20
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Xie Z, Shao B, Hoover C, McDaniel M, Song J, Jiang M, Ma Z, Yang F, Han J, Bai X, Ruan C, Xia L. Monocyte upregulation of podoplanin during early sepsis induces complement inhibitor release to protect liver function. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134749. [PMID: 32641582 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ failure in sepsis is a progressive failure of several interdependent organ systems. Liver dysfunction occurs early during sepsis and is directly associated with patient death; however, the underlying mechanism of liver dysfunction is unclear. Platelet transfusion benefits patients with sepsis, and inhibition of complement activation protects liver function in septic animals. Herein, we explored the potential link between platelets, complement activation, and liver dysfunction in sepsis. We found that deletion of platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) exacerbated liver dysfunction in early sepsis. Platelet CLEC-2-deficient mice exhibited higher complement activation, more severe complement attack in the liver, and lower plasma levels of complement inhibitors at early time points after E. coli infection. Circulating monocytes expressed the CLEC-2 ligand podoplanin in early sepsis, and podoplanin binding induced release of complement inhibitors from platelets. Injection of complement inhibitors released from platelets reduced complement attack and attenuated liver dysfunction in septic mice. These findings indicate a new function of platelets in the regulation of complement activation during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanli Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianhua Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology and.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology and.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology and
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21
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Wang L, Liang Q, Lin A, Chen X, Wu Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Min H, Wen Y, Song S, Gao Q. Puerarin Increases Survival and Protects Against Organ Injury by Suppressing NF-κB/JNK Signaling in Experimental Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32457606 PMCID: PMC7221141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavonoid rich in Radix Puerariae, has been reported to be a broadly effective regulator in various biological processes and clinic conditions. However, the role of puerarin in sepsis-induced mortality with multiple-organ injury remains unknown. Herein, we showed that puerarin potently attenuated organ injury and increased survival rate in both lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced mouse sepsis models. It greatly suppressed systemic inflammation, determined by the serum levels of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, as well as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that puerarin settled overall inflammation mainly by normalizing expanded macrophages with limited effects on dendritic cells and CD4+T cells in the circulation of sepsis mice. In the liver, puerarin inhibited the transcription of inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and protected hepatocyte apoptosis in sepsis mouse models. In vitro, puerarin inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in LO2 hepatocytes, prevented TNF-α-mediated cell apoptosis and promoted an M2 phenotype revealed by M2 marker IL-10 and Arginase-1 (Arg-1) in LPS challenged Raw 264.7 macrophages, through the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/JNK pathway. In conclusion, puerarin reduced systemic inflammation and protected organ injury in sepsis mice, thus, it might provide a new modality for a better treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Min
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Wen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Doğanyiğit Z, Okan A, Kaymak E, Pandır D, Silici S. Investigation of protective effects of apilarnil against lipopolysaccharide induced liver injury in rats via TLR 4/ HMGB-1/ NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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23
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Antecedent Dietary Glutamine Supplementation Benefits Modulation of Liver Pyroptosis in Mice with Polymicrobial Sepsis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041086. [PMID: 32295272 PMCID: PMC7230693 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the main organ responsible for bacterial and endotoxin clearance. Pyroptosis is a form of proinflammatory programmed cell death activated by caspase-1/11 and gasdermin D (GadD). Pyroptosis protects the host against bacterial infection; however, overactive pyroptosis can lead to organ injury. Glutamine (GLN) is a specific amino acid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of GLN pretreatment on liver pyroptosis in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. Mice were assigned to sham, sepsis control (Sepsis-C), and sepsis GLN (Sepsis-G) groups. The sham and Sepsis-C groups were fed the AIN-93G diet. The Sepsis-G group was provided with identical diet components except that part of the casein was replaced by GLN. After feeding the respective diets for 2 weeks, a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure was performed in the sepsis groups. An antibiotic was administered after CLP. Mice were sacrificed at either 24 or 72 h after CLP. The results showed that sepsis resulted in upregulated liver caspase-1/11 expression. Compared to the Sepsis-C group, the Sepsis-G group had higher liver caspase-11 and NLRP3 gene expressions at 24 h and lower active caspase-1/11 and cleaved GadD protein levels at 72 h after sepsis. Additionally, liver inflammatory cytokine gene expressions had decreased by 72 h post-CLP. The findings suggest that prophylactic administration of GLN initially upregulated liver pyroptosis to eradicate pathogens, yet the process of pyroptosis was suppressed in the late phase of sepsis. This may have beneficially attenuated liver inflammation and injury in an antibiotic-treated septic condition.
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24
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Kikuchi S, Piraino G, O'Connor M, Wolfe V, Ridings K, Lahni P, Zingarelli B. Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion of AMPKα1 Results in Worse Outcomes in Mice Subjected to Sepsis in a Sex-Specific Manner. Front Immunol 2020; 11:210. [PMID: 32117320 PMCID: PMC7031478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the energy homeostasis contribute to sepsis-mediated multiple organ failure. The liver plays a central role in metabolism and participates to the innate immune and inflammatory responses of sepsis. Several clinical and experimental studies have suggested that females are less susceptible to the adverse outcome of sepsis. However, underlying mechanisms of organ damage in sepsis remain largely undefined. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of mitochondrial quality control. The AMPK catalytic α1 isoform is abundantly expressed in the liver. Here, we determined the role of hepatocyte AMPKα1 in sepsis by using hepatocyte-specific AMPKα1 knockout mice (H-AMPKα1 KO) generated with Cre-recombinase expression under the control of the albumin promoter. Using a clinically relevant model of polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we observed that male H-AMPKα1 KO mice had higher plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 and exhibited a more severe liver and lung injury than male H-AMPKα1 WT mice, as evaluated by histology and neutrophil infiltration at 18 h after CLP. Plasma levels of interleukin-10 and the keratinocyte-derived chemokine were similarly elevated in both KO and WT male mice. At transmission electron microscopy analysis, male H-AMPKα1 KO mice exhibited higher liver mitochondrial damage, which was associated with a significant decrease in liver ATP levels when compared to WT mice at 18 h after sepsis. Mortality rate was significantly higher in the male H-AMPKα1 KO group (91%) when compared to WT mice (60%) at 7 days after CLP. Female H-AMPKα1 WT mice exhibited a similar degree of histological liver and lung injury, but significantly milder liver mitochondrial damage and higher autophagy when compared to male WT mice after CLP. Interestingly, H-AMPKα1 KO female mice had lower organ neutrophil infiltration, lower liver mitochondrial damage and lower levels of cytokines than WT female mice. There was no significant difference in survival rate between WT and KO mice in the female group. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that AMPKα1 is a crucial hepatoprotective enzyme during sepsis. Furthermore, our results suggest that AMPK-dependent liver metabolic functions may influence the susceptibility to multiple organ injury in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Giovanna Piraino
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael O'Connor
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kiana Ridings
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Lahni
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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25
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Kim Y, Allen E, Baird LA, Symer EM, Korkmaz FT, Na E, Odom CV, Jones MR, Mizgerd JP, Traber KE, Quinton LJ. NF-κB RelA Is Required for Hepatoprotection during Pneumonia and Sepsis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00132-19. [PMID: 31160364 PMCID: PMC6652780 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00132-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and sepsis are distinct but integrally linked public health concerns. The hepatic acute-phase response (APR), which is largely dependent on transcription factors NF-κB RelA and STAT3, is a hallmark of these pathologies and other injurious conditions. Inactivation of the APR can promote liver injury, a frequently observed organ dysfunction during sepsis. However, whether or how the acute-phase changes promote liver tissue resilience during infections is unclear. To determine the hepatoprotective role of the hepatic APR, we utilized mice bearing hepatocyte-specific deletions of either RelA or STAT3. Mice were challenged intratracheally (i.t.), intravenously (i.v.), or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) to induce pneumonia, sepsis, or NKT cell activation. Liver injury was observed in RelA-null (hepRelAΔ/Δ) mice but not STAT3-null (hepSTAT3Δ/Δ) mice during pneumonia. The absence of RelA resulted in hepatotoxicity across several models of pneumonia, sepsis, and NKT cell activation. Injury was associated with increased levels of activated caspase-3 and -8 and substantial alteration of the hepatic transcriptome. Hepatotoxicity in the absence of RelA could be reversed by neutralization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). These results indicate the requirement of RelA-dependent inducible hepatoprotection during pneumonia and sepsis. Further, the results demonstrate that RelA-dependent gene programs are critical for maintaining liver homeostasis against TNF-α-driven immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eri Allen
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillia A Baird
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elise M Symer
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Filiz T Korkmaz
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elim Na
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine V Odom
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katrina E Traber
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Zador Z, Landry A, Cusimano MD, Geifman N. Multimorbidity states associated with higher mortality rates in organ dysfunction and sepsis: a data-driven analysis in critical care. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:247. [PMID: 31287020 PMCID: PMC6613271 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a complex medical problem and a major challenge in healthcare. Diagnostics and outcome predictions are focused on physiological parameters with less consideration given to patients' medical background. Given the aging population, not only are diseases becoming increasingly prevalent but occur more frequently in combinations ("multimorbidity"). We hypothesized the existence of patient subgroups in critical care with distinct multimorbidity states. We further hypothesize that certain multimorbidity states associate with higher rates of organ failure, sepsis, and mortality co-occurring with these clinical problems. METHODS We analyzed 36,390 patients from the open source Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) dataset. Morbidities were defined based on Elixhauser categories, a well-established scheme distinguishing 30 classes of chronic diseases. We used latent class analysis to identify distinct patient subgroups based on demographics, admission type, and morbidity compositions and compared the prevalence of organ dysfunction, sepsis, and inpatient mortality for each subgroup. RESULTS We identified six clinically distinct multimorbidity subgroups labeled based on their dominant Elixhauser disease classes. The "cardiopulmonary" and "cardiac" subgroups consisted of older patients with a high prevalence of cardiopulmonary conditions and constituted 6.1% and 26.4% of study cohort respectively. The "young" subgroup included 23.5% of the cohort composed of young and healthy patients. The "hepatic/addiction" subgroup, constituting 9.8% of the cohort, consisted of middle-aged patients (mean age of 52.25, 95% CI 51.85-52.65) with the high rates of depression (20.1%), alcohol abuse (47.75%), drug abuse (18.2%), and liver failure (67%). The "complicated diabetics" and "uncomplicated diabetics" subgroups constituted 9.4% and 24.8% of the study cohort respectively. The complicated diabetics subgroup demonstrated higher rates of end-organ complications (88.3% prevalence of renal failure). Rates of organ dysfunction and sepsis ranged 19.6-69% and 12.5-46.7% respectively in the six subgroups. Mortality co-occurring with organ dysfunction and sepsis ranges was 8.4-23.8% and 11.7-27.4% respectively. These adverse outcomes were most prevalent in the hepatic/addiction subgroup. CONCLUSION We identify distinct multimorbidity states that associate with relatively higher prevalence of organ dysfunction, sepsis, and co-occurring mortality. The findings promote the incorporation of multimorbidity in healthcare models and the shift away from the current single-disease paradigm in clinical practice, training, and trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Zador
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Vascular and Stroke Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Alexander Landry
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nophar Geifman
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Abstract
RATIONALE Sepsis-associated liver failure is characterized by increased bilirubin levels and coagulation disorders, which has a significant impact on mortality due to the insufficient understanding of its complicated pathogenesis pathophysiology and a lack of standardized treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS A 56-year-old woman presented signs of sepsis on the 2nd day after undergoing ureteroscopy for left ureter and laparoscopy for lysis of adhesions around left ureter due to hydronephrosis. Her condition seemed to have been improved after treatment, but the bilirubin levels suddenly increased drastically with presence of coagulation disorders. DIAGNOSIS Laboratory tests combined with her medical history confirmed the diagnosis as sepsis-associated liver failure. INTERVENTIONS Plasma exchange was applied after hepatoprotective drugs, and other supportive therapies were given which did not significantly improve the condition. OUTCOMES Laboratory liver function tests indicated the restoration of damaged liver function after plasma exchange was performed and the patient was soon transferred from intensive care unit back to the general ward. LESSONS Plasma exchange might be a vital and effective therapy to improve outcome of sepsis associated liver failure especially when conventional support therapy is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ye
- Department of Intensive care unit, Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Intensive care unit, Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yueping Ding
- Department of Intensive care unit, Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Dannv Ma
- Department of Intensive care unit, Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Mohamed AS, Sadek SA, Hassanein SS, Soliman AM. Hepatoprotective Effect of Echinochrome Pigment in Septic Rats. J Surg Res 2019; 234:317-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Rossi AL, Le M, Chung CS, Chen Y, Fallon EA, Matoso A, Xu S, Chun TT, Erickson CP, Ayala A. A novel role for programmed cell death receptor ligand 2 in sepsis-induced hepatic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G106-G114. [PMID: 30431333 PMCID: PMC6383374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00204.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an organ that, when dysfunctional in a septic patient, is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. Understanding the pathophysiology of liver failure during sepsis may lead to improved diagnostics and potential therapeutic targets. Historically, programmed cell death receptor (PD) ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been considered the primary ligand for its checkpoint molecule counterpart, PD-1, with PD-L2 rarely in the immunopathological spotlight. PD-1 and PD-L1 contribute to liver dysfunction in a murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, but virtually nothing is known about PD-L2's role in sepsis. Therefore, our central hypothesis was that sepsis-induced changes in hepatic PD-L2 expression contributed to worsened liver function and, subsequently, more pronounced morbidity and mortality. We found that although PD-L1 gene deficiency attenuated the hepatic dysfunction seen in wild-type mice after CLP, the loss of PD-L2 appeared to actually worsen indices of liver function along with a trend toward higher liver tissue vascular permeability. Conversely, some protective effects of PD-L2 gene deletion were noted, such as reduced liver/peritoneal bacterial load and reduced IL-6, IL-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 levels following CLP. These diverse actions, as well as the unique expression pattern of PD-L2, may explain why no overt survival advantage could be witnessed in the septic PD-L2-/- mice. Taken together, these data suggest that although PD-L2 has some selective effects on the hepatic response seen in the septic mouse, these factors are not sufficient to alter septic mortality in this adult murine model. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows not only that ligands of the checkpoint protein PD-1 respond inversely to a stressor such as septic challenge (PD-L2 declines, whereas PD-L1 rises) but also that aspects of liver dysfunction increase in septic mice lacking the PD-L2 gene. Furthermore, these differences in PD-L2 gene-deficient animals culminated in the abrogation of the survival advantage seen in the septic PD-L1-knockout mice, suggesting that PD-L2 may have roles beyond a simple immune tolerogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Rossi
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Marilyn Le
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yaping Chen
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eleanor A. Fallon
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andres Matoso
- 2Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,3Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shumin Xu
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,4Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tristen T. Chun
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Craig P. Erickson
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- 1Division of Surgical Research/Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Wang YM, Li K, Dou XG, Bai H, Zhao XP, Ma X, Li LJ, Chen ZS, Huang YC. Treatment of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis (Liver Failure). ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B 2019. [PMCID: PMC7498915 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1603-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the general treatment and immune principles and internal management for AECHB and HBV ACLF, including ICU monitoring, general supportive medications/nutrition/nursing, immune therapy, artificial liver supportive systems, hepatocyte/stem cell, and liver transplant, management for special populations, frequently clinical complications and the utilization of Chinese traditional medicines.Early clinical indicators of severe hepatitis B include acratia, gastrointestinal symptoms, a daily increase in serum bilirubin >1 mg/dL, toxic intestinal paralysis, bleeding tendency and mild mind anomaly or character change, and the presence of other diseases inducing severe hepatitis. Laboratory indicators include T-Bil, PTA, cholinesterase, pre-albumin and albumin. The roles of immune indicators (such as IL-6, TNF-α, and fgl2), gene polymorphisms, HBV genotypes, and gene mutations as early clinical indicators. Intensive Care Unit monitor patients with severe hepatitis include intracranial pressure, infection, blood dynamics, respiratory function, renal function, blood coagulation function, nutritional status and blood purification process. Nursing care should not only include routine care, but psychological and special care (complications). Nutrition support and nursing care should be maintained throughout treatment for severe hepatitis. Common methods of evaluating nutritional status include direct human body measurement, creatinine height index (CHI) and subject global assessment of nutrition (SGA). Malnourished patients should receive enteral or parenteral nutrition support. Immune therapies for severe hepatitis include promoting hepatocyte regeneration (e.g. with glucagon, hepatocyte growth factor and prostaglandin E1), glucocorticoid suppressive therapy, and targeting molecular blocking. Corticosteroid treatment should be early and sufficient, and adverse drug reactions monitored. Treatments currently being investigated are those targeting Toll-like receptors, NK cell/NK cell receptors, macrophage/immune coagulation system, CTLA-4/PD-1 and stem cell transplantation. In addition to conventional drugs and radioiodine, corticosteroids and artificial liver treatment can also be considered for severe hepatitis patients with hyperthyreosis. Patients with gestational severe hepatitis require preventive therapy for fetal growth restriction, and it is necessary to choose the timing and method of fetal delivery. For patients with both diabetes and severe hepatitis, insulin is preferred to oral antidiabetic agents to control blood glucose concentration. Liver toxicity of corticosteroids and immune suppressors should be monitored during treatment for severe hepatitis in patients with connective tissue diseases including SLE, RA and sicca syndrome. Patient with connective tissue diseases should preferably be started after the antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues. An artificial liver can improve patients’ liver function; remove endotoxins, blood ammonia and other toxins; correct amino acid metabolism and coagulation disorders; and reverse internal environment imbalances. Non-bioartificial livers are suitable for patients with early and middle stage severe hepatitis; for late-stage patients waiting for liver transplantation; and for transplanted patients with rejection reaction or transplant failure. The type of artificial liver should be determined by each patient’s condition and previous treatment purpose, and patients should be closely monitored for adverse reactions and complications. Bio- and hybrid artificial livers are still under development. MELD score is the international standard for choosing liver transplantation. Surgical methods mainly include the in situ classic type and the piggyback type; transplantation includes no liver prophase, no liver phase or new liver phase. Preoperative preparation, management of intraoperative and postoperative complications and postoperative long-term treatment are keys to success. Severe hepatitis belongs to the categories of “acute jaundice”, “scourge jaundice”, and “hot liver” in traditional Chinese medicine. Treatment methods include Chinese traditional medicines, acupuncture and acupoint injection, external application of drugs, umbilical compress therapy, drip, blow nose therapy, earpins, and clysis. Dietary care is also an important part of traditional Chinese medicine treatment.
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Ding Z, Du D, Yang Y, Yang M, Miao Y, Zou Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Jiang J, Jiang F, Zhou P. Short-term use of MyD88 inhibitor TJ-M2010-5 prevents d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:356-365. [PMID: 30583234 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of the TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to several inflammation-related diseases. Previously, our laboratory synthesized a novel thiazaol-aminoramification MyD88 inhibitor named TJ-M2010-5. In this study, we interrogated the role of MyD88, as well as the protective effect of TJ-M2010-5, in a d-gal/LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model. In order to induce acute liver injury, BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal injection of d-gal and LPS at a dose of 800 mg/kg and 80 μg/kg body weight, respectively. All mice died within 48 h of injection without intervention. However, pre-treatment with TJ-M2010-5 as well as knock-out (KO) of the MyD88 gene significantly improved mouse survival rate to 73.3% and 80% at 48 h, respectively, and both treatments protected liver function. These pathological results demonstrated that TJ-M2010-5 and MyD88 KO reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and protected hepatocytes against apoptosis. Furthermore, TJ-M2010-5 remarkably inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling in vivo. LPS-induced activation of macrophages as well as pro-inflammatory factors were also shown to be decreased after TJ-M2010-5 treatment in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that blockage of the TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway by TJ-M2010-5 has an important role in the prevention of inflammation-related acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuochuan Ding
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Dunfeng Du
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Min Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Zhimiao Zou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jipin Jiang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Fengchao Jiang
- Academy of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Jiang Z, Bo L, Meng Y, Wang C, Chen T, Wang C, Yu X, Deng X. Overexpression of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) attenuates sepsis-mediated liver injury by restoring autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:847. [PMID: 30154452 PMCID: PMC6113252 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Autophagy has recently been shown to protect against sepsis-induced liver injury. Here, we investigated the roles of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in the molecular mechanism of sepsis-induced liver injury. HIPK2 expression was reduced in sepsis-induced liver injury, and HIPK2 overexpression increased the survival rate and improved caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced liver injury by reducing serum and liver aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in mice with sepsis. HIPK2 overexpression significantly decreased CLP-induced release of inflammatory cytokines into the serum and attenuated oxidative stress-associated indicators in mice with CLP-induced liver injury, whereas HIPK2 knockdown produced the opposite results, suggesting that HIPK2 is a negative regulator of sepsis. Furthermore, HIPK2 overexpression inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis of primary hepatocytes, increased the autophagic flux, and restored both autophagosome and autolysosome formation in the livers of CLP-induced mice by suppressing calpain signalling. Importantly, HIPK2 overexpression reduced the elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in LPS-treated primary hepatocytes by interacting with calpain 1 and calmodulin. Finally, several anti-inflammatory drugs, including resveratrol, aspirin, vitamin E and ursolic acid, significantly increased the levels of the HIPK2 mRNA and protein by modulating promoter activity and the 3′-UTR stability of the HIPK2 gene. In conclusion, HIPK2 overexpression may improve sepsis-induced liver injury by restoring autophagy and thus might be a promising target for the clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jiang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lulong Bo
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tianxing Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiya Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Blot S. Setting the baseline to fight Gram-negative bacteraemia: the necessity of epidemiological insights. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 51:23-25. [PMID: 30045643 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1492150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Blot
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Sophocarpine Attenuates LPS-Induced Liver Injury and Improves Survival of Mice through Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:5871431. [PMID: 29861657 PMCID: PMC5976937 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5871431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic liver injury/failure that is mainly characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis led to a great part of terminal liver pathology with limited effective intervention. Here, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation model to simulate the septic liver injury and investigated the effect of sophocarpine on LPS-stimulated mice with endotoxemia. We found that sophocarpine increases the survival rate of mice and attenuates the LPS-induced liver injury, which is indicated by pathology and serum liver enzymes. Further research found that sophocarpine ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, O2∙−, and NO) and enhanced the expression of antioxidant molecules such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). In addition, sophocarpine also attenuated regional and systematic inflammation and further reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes. Mechanistic evidence was also investigated in the present study as sophocarpine inhibited hepatic expression of the CYP2E/Nrf2 pathway during oxidative stress, inactivated p38/JNK cascade and NF-κB pathway, and, meanwhile, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling that reduced apoptosis. Conclusively, the present study unveiled the protective role of sophocarpine in LPS-stimulated oxidative reaction, inflammation, and apoptosis by suppressing the CYP2E/Nrf2/ROS as well as PI3K/AKT pathways, suggesting its promising role in attenuating inflammation and liver injury of septic endotoxemia.
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Ryan DA, Degardin M, Alam S, Kissner TL, Hale M, Cameron MD, Rebek M, Ajami D, Saikh KU, Rebek J. Rational design of peptide derivatives for inhibition of MyD88-mediated toll-like receptor signaling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and epithelial cells exposed to Francisella tularensis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:1190-1205. [PMID: 28599094 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules were developed to attenuate proinflammatory cytokines resulting from activation of MyD88-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by Francisella tularensis. Fifty-three tripeptide derivatives were synthesized to mimic a key BB-loop region involved in toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor recognition (TIR) domain interactions. Compounds were tested for inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and primary human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to LPS extracts from F. tularensis. From 53 compounds synthesized and tested, ten compounds were identified as effective inhibitors of F. tularensisLPS-induced cytokines. Compound stability testing in the presence of human liver microsomes and human serum resulted in the identification of tripeptide derivative 7 that was a potent, stable, and drug-like small molecule. Target corroboration using a cell-based reporter assay and competition experiments with MyD88 TIR domain protein supported that the effect of 7 was through MyD88 TIR domain interactions. Compound 7 also attenuated proinflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial epithelial cells challenged with a live vaccine strain of F. tularensis at a multiplicity of infection of 1:5. Small molecules that target TIR domain interactions in MyD88-dependent TLR signaling represent a promising strategy toward host-directed adjunctive therapeutics for inflammation associated with biothreat agent-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Degardin
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shahabuddin Alam
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Teri L Kissner
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martha Hale
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Mitra Rebek
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dariush Ajami
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kamal U Saikh
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Julius Rebek
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Al-Chalabi A, Matevossian E, von Thaden A, Schreiber C, Radermacher P, Huber W, Perez Ruiz de Garibay A, Kreymann B. Evaluation of an ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system in a two-hit porcine model of liver failure plus endotoxemia. Intensive Care Med Exp 2017; 5:31. [PMID: 28677045 PMCID: PMC5496922 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-017-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel extracorporeal procedures are constantly being developed and evaluated for use in patients with sepsis. Preclinical evaluation of such procedures usually requires testing in large animal models. In the present work, the safety and efficacy of a recently developed ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system in a newly developed large animal two-hit model of liver failure combined with endotoxemia were tested. Methods After establishing the model in more than 50 animals, a randomized study was performed. An inflammatory cholestatic liver injury was initially provoked in pigs. Three days after surgery, endotoxin was gradually administered during 7½ h. Animals were randomized to receive standard medical treatment either with (ADVOS group, n = 5) or without ADVOS (control group, n = 5). The ADVOS treatment was started 2½ h after endotoxemia and continued for 7 h. Survival, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, liver, coagulation, and cerebral parameters were analyzed. Results Three days after surgery, cholestatic injury resulted in hyperbilirubinemia [5.0 mg/dl (IQR 4.3–5.9 mg/dl)], hyperammonemia [292 μg/dl (IQR 291–296 μg/dl)], leukocytosis [20.2 103/μl (IQR 17.7–21.8 103/μl)], and hyperfibrinogenemia [713 mg/dl (IQR 654–803 mg/dl)]. After endotoxemia, the ADVOS procedure stabilized cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal parameters and eliminated surrogate markers as bilirubin [2.3 (IQR 2.3–3.0) vs. 5.5 (IQR 4.6–5.6) mg/dl, p = 0.001] and creatinine [1.4 (IQR 1.1–1.7) vs. 2.3 (IQR 2.1–3.1) mg/dl, p = 0.01]. Mortality: All animals in the ADVOS group survived, while all animals in the control group expired during the 10-h observation period (p = 0.002). No adverse events related to the procedure were observed. Conclusions The ADVOS procedure showed a promising safety and efficacy profile and improved survival in a sepsis-like animal model with dysfunction of multiple organs. An amelioration of major organ functions (heart and lung) combined with removal of markers for kidney and liver function was observed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40635-017-0144-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Chalabi
- Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Phase II Building, 8900 Van Wyck Expy Ste 2, Richmond Hill, New York City, NY, 11418, USA
| | - Edouard Matevossian
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne von Thaden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) e.V., Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Catherine Schreiber
- Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Hepa Wash GmbH, Agnes-Pockels-Bogen 1, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Kreymann
- Hepa Wash GmbH, Agnes-Pockels-Bogen 1, 80992, Munich, Germany. .,II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Guo S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yu Y, Wang G. Intraperitoneal gardiquimod protects against hepatotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with sepsis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28422377 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many reports recapitulate the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-accumulation to the organ damage; it is of significance to strictly target ROS production. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of TLR7 agonist gardiquimod (GDQ) in oxidative stress (OS) in liver injury induced by sepsis. Here, we observed that intraperitoneal pretreatment with GDQ dramatically elevated the septic survival rate and effectively attenuated the septic liver injury. Interestingly, the increased ROS and inflammatory factor IL-6 levels were reversed after GDQ intervention. Subsequently, Western blot was employed to determine the definite mechanism. As expected, it was showed that the upregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway in liver of septic animals was considerably suppressed by GDQ pre-exposure. Our current result highlight that pre-administration of GDQ ameliorated sepsis induced hepatotoxicity and reduced the generation of IL-6 and OS responses, which was associated with downregulation of JNK/c-Jun pathway. Our strategies might be ultimately beneficial in mitigating liver injury symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
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Rathi S, Dhiman RK. Hepatobiliary Quiz Answers-19 (2016). J Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 6:257-260. [PMID: 27746626 PMCID: PMC5052399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Address for correspondence: Radha K. Dhiman, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh160012India
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Hepatic hepcidin protects against polymicrobial sepsis in mice by regulating host iron status. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:374-86. [PMID: 25264597 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a master regulator of iron metabolism primarily produced by the liver. Markedly increased hepcidin levels have been observed in septic individuals, while decreased hepatic hepcidin expression has been demonstrated in liver diseases that tend to develop into sepsis. However, the role of liver hepcidin in sepsis remains unknown. METHODS Mouse hepatic hepcidin expression was silenced using adenovirus-mediated hepcidin-specific short hairpin RNA injected via the tail vein. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture, and the outcome (n = 23 for hepcidin knockdown mice, n = 15 for controls) and pathogenic changes (n = 5) related to sepsis were evaluated. The impact of alteration of iron status on the survival rate of hepatic hepcidin knockdown mice (n = 18 to 19) was also investigated. RESULTS Disruption of liver hepcidin expression increased serum iron level (537.8 ± 28.1 μg/dl [mean ± SD] vs. 235.9 ± 62.2 μg/dl; P < 0.05) and reduced iron content in the spleen macrophages at the steady state. Hepatic hepcidin knockdown mice not only showed increased 7-day mortality (73.9% vs. 46.7%; P < 0.05), but also had exacerbated organ damage and oxidative stress, as well as compromised host inflammatory responses and bacterial clearance at 24 h after polymicrobial sepsis. Treating the hepatic hepcidin knockdown mice with low-iron diet plus iron chelation decreased systemic iron content (serum level: 324.0 ± 67.4 μg/dl vs. 517.4 ± 13.4 μg/dl; P < 0.05) and rescued the mice from lethal sepsis (7-day survival: 36.8% vs. 83.3%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hepatic hepcidin plays an important role in sepsis through regulation of iron metabolism. The findings may have potential therapeutic implications for liver diseases in which hepcidin expression is decreased.
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Liu A, Wang W, Fang H, Yang Y, Jiang X, Liu S, Hu J, Hu Q, Dahmen U, Dirsch O. Baicalein protects against polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury via inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 748:45-53. [PMID: 25533331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver dysfunction has been known to occur frequently in cases of sepsis. Baicalein, the main active ingredient of the Scutellaria root, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in endotoxic shock. However, the role of baicalein in polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of baicalein on polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury and to explore the possible mechanisms. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with baicalein (100mg/kg, i.p) at 1h, 6h and 12h following CLP. Baicalein significantly improved the survival of septic mice. Treatment with baicalein ameliorated the CLP-induced liver injury, as indicated by the lower serum aminotransferase levels and the fewer histopathologic abnormalities. Baicalein reduced the neutrophil infiltration and the hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression and release. It also decreased the hepatic and the serum high-mobility group box 1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in septic mice. Moreover, baicalein significantly inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and suppressed the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In conclusion, these results suggest that baicalein treatment could protect against the sepsis-induced liver injury, and improve the survival of mice with polymicrobial sepsis. The mechanism of the protective action of baicalein seems to involve its ability to reduce inflammatory response, to inhibit hepatic apoptosis, and to suppress MAPKs and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 1 Drackendorfer straße, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoshu Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenpei Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jifa Hu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 1 Drackendorfer straße, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 1 Drackendorfer straße, Jena 07747, Germany
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Abstract
Despite the progress made in the clinical management of sepsis, sepsis morbidity and mortality rates remain high. The inflammatory pathogenesis and organ injury leading to death from sepsis are not fully understood for vital organs, especially the liver. Only recently has the role of the liver in sepsis begun to be revealed. Pre-existing liver dysfunction is a risk factor for the progression of infection to sepsis. Liver dysfunction after sepsis is an independent risk factor for multiple organ dysfunction and sepsis-induced death. The liver works as a lymphoid organ in response to sepsis. Acting as a double-edged sword in sepsis, the liver-mediated immune response is responsible for clearing bacteria and toxins but also causes inflammation, immunosuppression, and organ damage. Attenuating liver injury and restoring liver function lowers morbidity and mortality rates in patients with sepsis. This review summarizes the central role of liver in the host immune response to sepsis and in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Choi SS, Yu J, Kim YK, Hwang GS. Severe hemodynamic instability in a patient with suspected hepatoadrenal syndrome during liver transplantation -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013; 64:536-40. [PMID: 23814656 PMCID: PMC3695253 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.6.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency, which is related to hemodynamic instability and increased mortality, has been reported in patients with advanced liver disease regardless of the presence of septic conditions. In this regard, the hepatoadrenal syndrome has been recently proposed as adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients with liver disease. We describe here a 67-year-old female patient with hepatic failure and adrenal insufficiency. The patient showed stable vital signs and no evidence of sepsis preoperatively. Despite hydrocortisone replacement and inotropics administration, severe intraoperative hemodynamic instability was observed. Hydrocortisone administration was continued postoperatively, nevertheless inotropics could not be tapered. On postoperative day 11, the patient died due to pneumonia and septic shock. Hepatoadrenal syndrome may have played a key role in her severe hemodynamic fluctuation and poor outcome, reinforcing the importance of adrenal function in the liver transplantation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Soo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hutchins NA, Wang F, Wang Y, Chung CS, Ayala A. Kupffer cells potentiate liver sinusoidal endothelial cell injury in sepsis by ligating programmed cell death ligand-1. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:963-70. [PMID: 23766529 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 and PD-L1 have been reported to provide peripheral tolerance by inhibiting TCR-mediated activation. We have reported that PD-L1-/- animals are protected from sepsis-induced mortality and immune suppression. Whereas studies indicate that LSECs normally express PD-L1, which is also thought to maintain local immune liver tolerance by ligating the receptor PD-1 on T lymphocytes, the role of PD-L1 in the septic liver remains unknown. Thus, we hypothesized initially that PD-L1 expression on LSECs protects them from sepsis-induced injury. We noted that the increased vascular permeability and pSTAT3 protein expression in whole liver from septic animals were attenuated in the absence of PD-L1. Isolated LSECs taken from septic animals, which exhibited increased cell death, declining cell numbers, reduced cellular proliferation, and VEGFR2 expression (an angiogenesis marker), also showed improved cell numbers, proliferation, and percent VEGFR2(+) levels in the absence of PD-L1. We also observed that sepsis induced an increase of liver F4/80(+)PD-1(+)-expressing KCs and increased PD-L1 expression on LSECs. Interestingly, PD-L1 expression levels on LSECs decreased when PD-1(+)-expressing KCs were depleted with clodronate liposomes. Contrary to our original hypothesis, we document here that increased interactions between PD-1(+) KCs and PD-L1(+) LSECs appear to lead to the decline of normal endothelial function-essential to sustain vascular integrity and prevent ALF. Importantly, we uncover an underappreciated pathological aspect of PD-1:PD-L1 ligation during inflammation that is independent of its normal, immune-suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle A Hutchins
- 1.Dept. of Surgery/Division of Surgical Research, 593 Eddy St., Aldrich Bldg., Room 227, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Rinaldi L, Ferrari E, Marietta M, Donno L, Trevisan D, Codeluppi M, Busani S, Girardis M. Effectiveness of sepsis bundle application in cirrhotic patients with septic shock: a single-center experience. J Crit Care 2013; 28:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Arabi YM, Dara SI, Memish Z, Al Abdulkareem A, Tamim HM, Al-Shirawi N, Parrillo JE, Dodek P, Lapinsky S, Feinstein D, Wood G, Dial S, Zanotti S, Kumar A. Antimicrobial therapeutic determinants of outcomes from septic shock among patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2012; 56:2305-15. [PMID: 22753144 PMCID: PMC3556696 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is unclear whether practice-related aspects of antimicrobial therapy contribute to the high mortality from septic shock among patients with cirrhosis. We examined the relationship between aspects of initial empiric antimicrobial therapy and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock. This was a nested cohort study within a large retrospective database of septic shock from 28 medical centers in Canada, the United States, and Saudi Arabia by the Cooperative Antimicrobial Therapy of Septic Shock Database Research Group between 1996 and 2008. We examined the impact of initial empiric antimicrobial therapeutic variables on the hospital mortality of patients with cirrhosis and septic shock. Among 635 patients with cirrhosis and septic shock, the hospital mortality was 75.6%. Inappropriate initial empiric antimicrobial therapy was administered in 155 (24.4%) patients. The median time to appropriate antimicrobial administration was 7.3 hours (interquartile range, 3.2-18.3 hours). The use of inappropriate initial antimicrobials was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3-20.7], as was the delay in appropriate antimicrobials (aOR for each 1 hour increase, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2). Among patients with eligible bacterial septic shock, a single rather than two or more appropriate antimicrobials was used in 226 (72.9%) patients and was also associated with higher mortality (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-3.3). These findings were consistent across various clinically relevant subgroups. CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis and septic shock, inappropriate and delayed appropriate initial empiric antimicrobial therapy is associated with increased mortality. Monotherapy of bacterial septic shock is also associated with increased mortality. The process of selection and implementation of empiric antimicrobial therapy in this high-risk group should be restructured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen M Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saqib I Dara
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Memish
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Preventive Medicine Directorate, Ministry of HealthRiyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Al Abdulkareem
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesKing Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M Tamim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad Al-Shirawi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph E Parrillo
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ
| | - Peter Dodek
- St. Paul's Hospital, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lapinsky
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of TorontoToronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Gordon Wood
- Royal Jubilee Hospital/Victoria General Hospital, University of British ColumbiaVictoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Dial
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences Center and St. Boniface Hospital, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ
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Abstract
Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is a devastating clinical syndrome characterized by rapid impairment of liver functions and development of encephalopathy, multiple organ failure, and in most cases cerebral edema. AHF has a high mortality rate. Although advances in drug treatment, artificial liver and liver transplantation have significantly improved the prognosis of AHF, there is still a lack of effective treatment for AHF because of its complicated etiopathogenesis, rapid progression and less clinical knowledge about managing the disease. There is an urgent need to develop effective treatments for AHF. This article aims to review recent advances in the treatment of AHF.
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Bittencourt PL, Farias AQ, Strauss E, Mattos AAD. Variceal bleeding: consensus meeting report from the Brazilian Society of Hepatology. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2010; 47:202-16. [PMID: 20721469 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032010000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, several improvements in the management of variceal bleeding have resulted in a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality of patients with cirrhosis and bleeding varices. Progress in the multidisciplinary approach to these patients has led to a better management of this disease by critical care physicians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists, endoscopists, radiologists and surgeons. In this respect, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology has, recently, sponsored a consensus meeting in order to draw evidence-based recommendations on the management of these difficult-to-treat subjects. An organizing committee comprised of four people was elected by the Governing Board and was responsible to invite 27 researchers from distinct regions of the country to make a systematic review of the subject and to present topics related to variceal bleeding, including prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment, according to evidence-based medicine. After the meeting, all participants met together for discussion of the topics and the elaboration of the aforementioned recommendations. The organizing committee was responsible for writing the final document. The meeting was held at Salvador, May 6th, 2009 and the present manuscript is the summary of the systematic review that was presented during the meeting, organized in topics, followed by the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.
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50
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Olivera-González S, de Escalante-Yangüela B, Velilla-Soriano C, Amores-Arriaga B, Martín-Fortea P, Navarro-Aguilar M. Hepatotoxicidad por metformina. Med Intensiva 2010; 34:483-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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