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Kazibwe R, Ahmad MI, Hughes TM, Chen LY, Soliman EZ. Malignant left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of cognitive impairment in SPRINT MIND trial. Am Heart J 2024; 276:31-38. [PMID: 39067559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of malignant left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a specific subphenotype of LVH characterized by elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), with cognitive decline remains understudied. METHODS This post-hoc analysis included a total of 8,027 (67.9 ± 9.3 years) SPRINT MIND trial participants who had with at least 1 follow-up cognitive assessment. Participants were classified into 6 groups on the basis of LVH status on electrocardiogram (ECG), and elevations in levels of hs-cTnT ≥14 ng/L or NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL at baseline visit. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of LVH/biomarker groups with incident probable dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a composite of MCI/probable dementia. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 5 years, there were 306, 597, and 818 incidents of MCI, probable dementia and a composite of MCI/probable dementia, respectively. Compared with participants without LVH and normal biomarker levels, those with concomitant LVH and elevated levels of both biomarkers were associated with a higher risk of probable dementia (HR, 2.50; 95% CI (1.26-4.95), MCI (HR, 1.78; 95% CI (0.99-3.23) and the composite of MCI/ probable dementia (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.16-3.10). CONCLUSIONS Among SPRINT participants, malignant LVH is associated with incident probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment. These findings underscore the potential utility of measuring hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels when LVH is detected on ECG, aiding in the differentiation of individuals with a favorable risk for cognitive impairment from those with a higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kazibwe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lin Y Chen
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, Christodorescu RM, Daskalopoulou SS, Ferro CJ, Gerdts E, Hanssen H, Harris J, Lauder L, McManus RJ, Molloy GJ, Rahimi K, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Rossi GP, Sandset EC, Scheenaerts B, Staessen JA, Uchmanowicz I, Volterrani M, Touyz RM. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae178. [PMID: 39210715 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
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Shimizu R, Ishikawa J, Jyubishi C, Futami S, Morozumi A, Saito Y, Komatsu S, Toba A, Ishiyama T, Fujimoto H, Usui S, Tuboko Y, Awata S, Harada K. DASC-21 score and the risk of in-hospital death in elderly patients with heart failure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:546-553. [PMID: 38703082 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System-21 Items (DASC-21), a questionnaire that assesses cognitive function, including activities of daily living (ADL), was predictive of in-hospital death and prolonged hospital stay in elderly patients hospitalized for heart failure. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the DASC-21 score at the time of admission, in-hospital death, length of hospital stay, and change in the Barthel index in 399 patients hospitalized for heart failure between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS The mean patient age was 85.8 ± 7.7 years (61.3% women). The median DASC-21 score was 38 (64.7% higher than 31). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a higher DASC-21 score was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death (odds ratio [OR] = 1.045 per 1 point increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010-1.081, P = 0.012), even after adjusting for confounding factors, including atrial fibrillation, ejection fraction, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Difficulties (3 or 4) with the self-management of medication in instrumental ADL inside the home (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.05-10.28, P = 0.042), toileting (OR = 3.66, 95% CI: 1.19-11.29, P = 0.024), grooming (OR = 6.47, 95% CI: 2.00-20.96, P = 0.002), eating (OR = 7.96, 95% CI: 2.49-25.45, P < 0.001), and mobility in physical ADL (OR = 5.99, 95% CI: 1.85-19.35, P = 0.003) were identified as risk factors for in-hospital death. Patients in the highest tertile of the DASC-21 score had a significantly longer hospital stay (P = 0.006) and a greater reduction in the Barthel index (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients hospitalized for heart failure, higher DASC-21 scores were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, prolonged hospital stay, and impaired ADL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 546-553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joji Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Jyubishi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Futami
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Morozumi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Saito
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Komatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Toba
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Ishiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Usui
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tuboko
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Gainey M, Niles A, Imeh-Nathaniel S, Goodwin RL, Roley LT, Win O, Nathaniel TI, Imeh-Nathaniel A. Comorbidities in patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease with Neuropsychiatric symptoms. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 57:217-223. [PMID: 38696879 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine baseline risk factors in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VaD) patients with neuropsychiatry symptoms (NPS), and determine whether specific risk factors differ by subtypes of dementia for AD and VaD patients with NPS. METHODS A retrospective data analysis was conducted to evaluate similarities and differences in the risk factors for AD and VaD with NPS. The analysis included 2949 patients with VaD and 6341 patients with clinical confirmation of AD and VaD with or without NPS collected between February 2016 and August 2021. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with AD and VaD with NPS, by predicting the increasing odds (odds ratios (ORs) of an association of a specific baseline risk factor with AD or VaD with NPS. The validity of the regression models was tested using a Hosmer-Lemeshow test, while the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was used to test the sensitivity of the models. RESULTS In the adjusted analysis TSH (OR = 1.781, 95 % CI, p = 0.0025) and CHF (OR = 1.620, 95 %, p = 0.016) were associated with VaD with NPS, while a history of emergency department(ED) admission (OR = 0.277, 95 % CI, p = 0.003) likely to be associated with VaD patients without NPS. For AD patients, a history of CVA (OR = 1.395, 95 % CI, p = 0.032) and cancer (OR = 1.485, 95 % CI, p = 0.013) were associated with AD patients with NPS. DISCUSSION The findings of this study indicate that an abnormal thyroid gland and CHF were linked to VaD patients with behavioral disturbances, while CVA and cancer were linked to AD patients with behavioral disturbances. These findings suggest the need to develop management strategies for the care of patients with AD and VaD with NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Gainey
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine-Greenville, 701 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Addison Niles
- PRISMA Health UP-State South Carolina, 701 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ohmar Win
- PRISMA Health UP-State South Carolina, 701 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Thomas I Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine-Greenville, 701 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA.
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Kauko A, Engler D, Niiranen T, Ortega-Alonso A, Schnabel RB. Increased risk of dementia differs across cardiovascular diseases and types of dementia - Data from a nationwide study. J Intern Med 2024; 295:196-205. [PMID: 37899293 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dementia is a major health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors are associated with incident dementia. However, whether there is an association among CVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) at the population level remains unclear. METHODS We analysed the association between CVD (heart failure [HF], atrial fibrillation [AF], myocardial infarction [MI], peripheral arterial disease, stroke and transient ischemic attack) and the incidence of dementia using nationwide FinnGen data of 218,192 individuals. The last follow-up information on dementia was available from October 2021. RESULTS The age at the end of the follow-up was 61.7 ± 17.1 years, and 53% were women. Overall, we observed 9701 (4.4%) dementia, 6323 (2.9%) AD and 1918 (0.7%) VD cases. Individuals with CVD had a higher risk of developing dementia than unexposed individuals. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox models, stroke was most strongly associated with dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-1.8). CVD was more strongly associated with VD than with AD. Individuals with HF and MI had an increased risk of AD (HF: HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.19; MI: HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18). AF was associated with VD (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.42-1.77), but not with AD (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.09). Clinical characteristics, such as diabetes, smoking and alcohol abuse, were associated with both types of dementia. CONCLUSION All major CVDs were associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, particularly VD. Therefore, CVD onset should prompt an assessment of cognitive decline and possible preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Engler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alfredo Ortega-Alonso
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Mattke S, Jun H, Chu S, Hanson M. Disparities in Access to Diagnostic Evaluation for Alzheimer's Disease in Individuals Dually Eligible for Medicare and Medicaid: A Modeling Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1403-1414. [PMID: 38517787 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Individuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid (duals) may face greater obstacles to access to disease-modifying Alzheimer's treatments in spite of their higher disease burden, because of clinicians' reluctance to accept Medicaid and the so-called "lesser of" policy, under which Medicaid may pay providers lower rates. Objective To project differential wait times for duals compared to Medicare-only beneficiaries by state. Methods We used State Medicaid payment policy and Medicare enrollment data and a Markov model to predict differential wait times for duals and non-duals from 2023 to 2050. We estimated available diagnostic appointments by state for both groups based on reluctance of clinicians to accept Medicaid and the "lesser of" policy for each year. Results We estimate overall average wait times of almost two years (22.9 months) but almost three times as long for duals (59.8 months) than non-duals (20.7 months) because of higher disease burden. The effects of Medicaid payment policy would increase average wait times for duals to 89 months with 20 states having wait times of 99 months or more, which would effectively deprive duals of access. Conclusions The added average wait times in many states would effectively deprive duals from access to treatment and translate into avoidable disease progression and mortality. Policy interventions to reduce financial and nonfinancial obstacles are dearly needed to avoid deepening disparities. Examples are coverage arrangements that integrate Medicare and Medicaid coverage, covering the co-payment for physician services in full, and stricter network adequacy requirements for Medicaid Managed Care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Mattke
- The USC Brain Health Observatory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hankyung Jun
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark Hanson
- The USC Brain Health Observatory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bhat A, Goel D. Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: How Strong is the Association? Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:852-853. [PMID: 38229647 PMCID: PMC10789407 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_649_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Bhat
- Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Goel
- Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Liu W, Ge W, Fan X, Du Y, Li Y, Jia H, Lei K, Li S. Comment on Association between Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:850-851. [PMID: 38229646 PMCID: PMC10789424 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_623_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Ge
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaonong Fan
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Laboratory of Dosage-Effect Relationship, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Level 3), Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Key Laboratory of Cerebropathy Acupuncture Therapy of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzheng Du
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangchen Lei
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Songjiao Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Sun W, Zhuo S, Wu H, Cai X. Association between Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:958-965. [PMID: 38229651 PMCID: PMC10789403 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_361_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke have been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. The study aimed to investigate the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD using a meta-analysis. Methods STATA 12.0 software is used to compute odds ratios (ORs)/relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD. Results A total of 12 studies (including N = 36,913 individuals with AD and N = 1,701,718 participants) investigated the association between CHD and the risk of AD. Meta-analysis indicated that CHD was associated with an increased risk of AD with a random effects model (OR/RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00-1.48, I2 = 97.2%, P < 0.001). Additionally, seven studies (including N = 5,119 individuals with AD and N = 1,231,399 participants) investigated the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis demonstrated no significant association between MI and the risk of AD with a fixed effects model (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.91-1.30, I2 = 42.8%, P = 0.105). Finally, six studies (including N = 83,065 individuals with AD and N = 2,414,963 participants) examined the association between HF and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis revealed that HF was associated with an increased risk of AD using a random effects model (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05-2.24, I2 = 96.8%, P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Nonetheless, more large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further investigate the associations between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Denisenko D, Ekong G, Spotts H. Dementia risk in patients with heart disease and depression. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20230024. [PMID: 37885965 PMCID: PMC10599303 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia is a growing concern for healthcare systems and patients. Objective The primary objective of our study was to assess the association of depression and heart disease on the risk of dementias like Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia in patients. Methods This retrospective study used electronic health records data that was provided by the HealthVerity™ Marketplace. The characteristics of the patient population were recorded and the risk of dementia was examined using adjusted logistic regression models. Results The analysis included 49,735 participants and revealed that patients who have heart disease or depression had a higher risk of dementia. Patients who had both heart disease and depression were over three times more likely to have dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and over five times more likely to have vascular dementia compared to patients who only have a diagnosis of heart disease. Depression was associated with a fourfold increase in the risk of dementia. Participants with a diagnosis of most types of heart disease as well as depression had increased risk for developing dementia. Conclusion This study revealed that patients with both heart disease and depression had increased odds of having dementia as well as vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. These findings may serve to support policies and healthcare decision-making to increase preventive measures for dementia and Alzheimer's disease among patients with both depression and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Denisenko
- Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Gladys Ekong
- Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Harlan Spotts
- Western New England University, College of Business, Springfield, MA, USA
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Vishwanath S, Hopper I, Wolfe R, Polekhina G, Reid CM, Tonkin AM, Murray AM, Shah RC, Storey E, Woods RL, McNeil J, Orchard SG, Nelson MR, Steves CJ, Ryan J. Cognitive trajectories and incident dementia after a cardiovascular event in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3670-3678. [PMID: 36856152 PMCID: PMC10440246 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a recognized risk factor for dementia. Here we determined the extent to which an incident CVD event modifies the trajectory of cognitive function and risk of dementia. METHODS 19,114 adults (65+) without CVD or dementia were followed prospectively over 9 years. Incident CVD (fatal coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, hospitalization for heart failure) and dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria) were adjudicated by experts. RESULTS Nine hundred twenty-two participants had incident CVD, and 44 developed dementia after CVD (4.9% vs. 4.4% for participants without CVD). Following a CVD event there was a short-term drop in processing speed (-1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.57 to -1.41), but there was no significant association with longer-term processing speed. In contrast, faster declines in trajectories of global function (-0.56, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.36), episodic memory (-0.10, 95% CI: -0.16 to -0.04), and verbal fluency (-0.19, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.01) were observed. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the importance of monitoring cognition after a CVD event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Vishwanath
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid Hopper
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes & Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Centre, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elsdon Storey
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark R. Nelson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Baumann B, Lipka T, Jänner M, Kujovic M. The neurocognitive disorder cohort RIFADE: Aims, methods, first results showing cognitive improvement in a subgroup. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:941-952. [PMID: 36416960 PMCID: PMC10238319 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NCD cohort study RIFADE (RIsk FActors of DEmentia) investigates the interaction of risk factors and neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) due to Alzheimer's disease (NCD-AD) and NCD of vascular type (NCD-vascular). Retrospective recruitment referred to a period from 2007 to 2018 in a single centre. In addition to the baseline visit, follow-up visits took place at 3, 6, 12 months followed by yearly visits. Visit times varied in part depending on adherence. The study also comprises an EEG bank and a bank with cerebral MRI (c-MRI). METHODS Inclusion criteria were broad in order to cover a wide range of patterns of NCD. At baseline, patients underwent a large panel of assessments, e.g. including clinical history, diagnostic evaluation for NCD according to DSM-IV and NINDS AIREN criteria, a cognitive test battery including the DemTect, the clock drawing test and the Instrumental-Activities-of-Daily-Living-scale of Lawton and Brodie, EEG and c-MRI. At each follow-up visit, cognitive tests were repeated, in most cases also EEGs and in some cases c-MRIs. Numerous risk factors (RF) including vascular RF, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, sleep apnoea and lifestyle factors such as sedentary lifestyle, low cognitive style and smoking were evaluated for presence and for correction status at each visit, and modulation of uncorrected RF was initiated. RESULTS Overall, 126 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of NCD were included (52% female, mean age 71 ± 10.6 years (range 35e86)), number of follow-up visits per subject 2.9 ± 2.4, observation time per subject 3.4 ± 2.8 years). Of these, 55/28/17% presented with the clinical stages subjective cognitive decline (SCD)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia (major NCD). Clinical diagnoses, retrospectively re-evaluated according to DSM-5, were 5/21/68/6% Alzheimer´s disease (NCD-AD)/vascular NCD (NCD-vascular) / mixed NCD (NCD-AD + NCD-vascular)/unspecified NCD. First longitudinal results revealed a mean DemTect score at baseline 12.6 ± 4.2 vs last visit 12.0 ± 4.8 (p = 0.08) and a clock drawing test score at baseline 1.9 ± 1.3 vs last visit 2.3 ± 1.5 (p < 0.0001). Of all subjects with MCI or major NCD (n = 57), 19 improved in the clinical stage from baseline to last visit (33.3%). Sixteen subjects progressed from SCD or MCI (n = 104) to major NCD (15.4%). CONCLUSION The German NCD cohort RIFADE comprises patients with all clinical stages of NCD. A considerable subgroup improved in clinical stage. Further analysis is needed to answer the question of whether modulation of multiple risk factors provides a favourable effect on cognitive outcome in NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Tim Lipka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Jänner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milenko Kujovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Bodagh N, Kotadia I, Gharaviri A, Zelaya F, Birns J, Bhalla A, Sommerville P, Niederer S, O’Neill M, Williams SE. The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Strategies on Cognitive Function. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3050. [PMID: 37176490 PMCID: PMC10179566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that atrial fibrillation is associated with a heightened risk of dementia. The mechanism of interaction is unclear. Atrial fibrillation-induced cerebral infarcts, hypoperfusion, systemic inflammation, and anticoagulant therapy-induced cerebral microbleeds, have been proposed to explain the link between these conditions. An understanding of the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation-associated cognitive decline may enable the development of treatment strategies targeted towards the prevention of dementia in atrial fibrillation patients. The aim of this review is to explore the impact that existing atrial fibrillation treatment strategies may have on cognition and the putative mechanisms linking the two conditions. This review examines how components of the 'Atrial Fibrillation Better Care pathway' (stroke risk reduction, rhythm control, rate control, and risk factor management) may influence the trajectory of atrial fibrillation-associated cognitive decline. The requirements for further prospective studies to understand the mechanistic link between atrial fibrillation and dementia and to develop treatment strategies targeted towards the prevention of atrial fibrillation-associated cognitive decline, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Bodagh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Irum Kotadia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ali Gharaviri
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jonathan Birns
- St Thomas’ Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ajay Bhalla
- St Thomas’ Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Peter Sommerville
- St Thomas’ Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- St Thomas’ Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Steven E. Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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14
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Understanding Cognitive Deficits in People with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020307. [PMID: 36836541 PMCID: PMC9966537 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the main cardiovascular diseases that can cause disability and death across the globe. Although previous research explored the links between CHD and cognitive deficits, only a subset of cognitive abilities was analyzed and a small clinical sample size was used. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess how CHD can affect the cognitive domains of episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability in a large cohort of participants from the United Kingdom. Results revealed that episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability are negatively affected by CHD. Prevention and intervention should be developed to preserve cognitive abilities in people with CHD, but more studies should explore specific ways of doing so.
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15
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Brain J, Greene L, Tang EYH, Louise J, Salter A, Beach S, Turnbull D, Siervo M, Stephan BCM, Tully PJ. Cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and risk of dementia: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1095236. [PMID: 38455934 PMCID: PMC10910908 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1095236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with an increased risk of dementia; yet the evidence is mixed. This review critically appraises and synthesises current evidence exploring associations between dementia risk and CVD and their risk factors, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and arterial stiffness. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the association between at least one of the CVDs of interest and dementia risk. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews was used to assess methodological quality. Results Twenty-five meta-analyses published between 2007 and 2021 were included. Studies largely consisted of cohorts from North America and Europe. Findings were variable, with coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation consistently associated with increased risk for all-cause dementia, but results were inconsistent for Alzheimer's disease. Hypertension was more frequently associated with dementia during mid-life compared to late life. Findings concerning cholesterol were complex, and while results were inconsistent for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, there appeared to be no associations between triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All meta-analyses investigating hypercholesterolaemia showed significant increases in dementia risk. There was a paucity of research on the association between arterial stiffness and dementia risk. Conclusion Targeted CVD dementia prevention strategies could reduce dementia prevalence. Future research should determine the underpinning mechanisms linking heart and brain health to determine the most effective strategies for dementia risk reduction in CVD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Brain
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, Discipline of Medicine, School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leanne Greene
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, Discipline of Medicine, School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eugene Y. H. Tang
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jennie Louise
- Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amy Salter
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Beach
- University of Nottingham Libraries, University of Nottingham, King’s Meadow Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Turnbull
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, Discipline of Medicine, School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Blossom C. M. Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip J. Tully
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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16
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Ren QW, Katherine Teng TH, Tse YK, Tay WT, Li HL, Tromp J, Yu SY, Hung D, Wu MZ, Chen C, Yuk Yuen JK, Huang JY, Ouwerkerk W, Li XL, Teramoto K, Chandramouli C, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Incidence, Clinical Correlates, and Prognostic Impact of Dementia in Heart Failure: A Population-Based Cohort Study. JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:108-119. [PMID: 36873768 PMCID: PMC9982209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) may increase the risk of dementia via shared risk factors. Objectives The authors investigated the incidence, types, clinical correlates, and prognostic impact of dementia in a population-based cohort of patients with index HF. Methods The previously territory-wide database was interrogated to identify eligible patients with HF (N = 202,121) from 1995 to 2018. Clinical correlates of incident dementia and their associations with all-cause mortality were assessed using multivariable Cox/competing risk regression models where appropriate. Results Among a total cohort aged ≥18 years with HF (mean age 75.3 ± 13.0 years, 51.3% women, median follow-up 4.1 [IQR: 1.2-10.2] years), new-onset dementia occurred in 22,145 (11.0%), with age-standardized incidence rate of 1,297 (95% CI: 1,276-1,318) per 10,000 in women and 744 (723-765) per 10,000 in men. Types of dementia were Alzheimer's disease (26.8%), vascular dementia (18.1%), and unspecified dementia (55.1%). Independent predictors of dementia included: older age (≥75 years, subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 2.22), female sex (SHR: 1.31), Parkinson's disease (SHR: 1.28), peripheral vascular disease (SHR: 1.46), stroke (SHR: 1.24), anemia (SHR: 1.11), and hypertension (SHR: 1.21). The population attributable risk was highest for age ≥75 years (17.4%) and female sex (10.2%). New-onset dementia was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted SHR: 4.51; P < 0.001). Conclusions New-onset dementia affected more than 1 in 10 patients with index HF over the follow-up, and portended a worse prognosis in these patients. Older women were at highest risk and should be targeted for screening and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Ren
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Hang-Long Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper Tromp
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise Hung
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xin-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Melita H, Manolis AS. Neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with heart failure: not to be ignored. Heart Fail Rev 2022:10.1007/s10741-022-10290-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Arega Y, Shao Y. Heart failure and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2022; 13:1015674. [PMID: 36523758 PMCID: PMC9745072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1015674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some observational studies suggested that heart failure (HF) is associated with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, a recently published Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (2SMR) study was reported as inconclusive but the estimated odds ratios (ORs) were less than one indicating a potential causal association between genetically predicted HF and lowered risk of AD. Both HF and AD are quite common among elderly persons and frequently occur together resulting in a series of severe medical challenges and increased financial burden on healthcare. It is of great medical and financial interest to further investigate the statistical significance of the potential causal associations between genetically predicted HF and lowered risk of AD using large independent cohorts. To fill this important knowledge gap, the present study used the 2SMR method based on summary data from a recently published large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AD on subjects with European ancestry. The 2SMR analysis provided statistically significant evidence of an association with ORs less than one between genetically predicted HF and late-onset AD (Inverse Variance Weighted, OR = 0.752, p = 0.004; MR Egger, OR = 0.546, p = 0.100; Weighted Median, OR = 0.757, p = 0.014). Further investigations of the significant associations between HF and late-onset AD, including specific genes related to the potential protective effect of HF-related medications on cognitive decline, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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19
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Cognitive Dysfunction in Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Implications for Patient Management. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:303-315. [PMID: 35962923 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is increasing recognition of the prevalence and impact of cognitive dysfunction (CD) in heart failure (HF) patients. This contemporary review appraises the evidence for epidemiological association, direct pathophysiological links and emerging pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, we present evidence for care models that aim to mitigate the morbidity and poor quality of life associated with these dual processes and propose future work to improve outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS CD disproportionately affects heart failure patients, even accounting for known comorbid risk factors, and this may extend to subclinical left ventricular dysfunction. Neuroimaging studies now provide evidence of anatomical and functional differences which support previously postulated mechanisms of reduced cerebral blood flow, micro-embolism and systemic inflammation. Interventions such as multidisciplinary ambulatory HF care, education and memory training improve HF outcomes perhaps to a greater degree in those with comorbid CD. Additionally, optimisation of standard heart failure care (cardiac rehabilitation, pharmacological and device therapy) may lead to additional cognitive benefits. Epidemiological, neuroimaging and intervention studies provide evidence for the causal association between HF and CD, although evidence for Alzheimer's dementia is less certain. Specific reporting of cognitive outcomes in HF trials and evaluation of targeted interventions is required to further guide care provision.
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20
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Yap NLX, Kor Q, Teo YN, Teo YH, Syn NL, Mance Evangelista LK, Tan BY, Lin W, Yeo LL, Kong WK, Chong YF, Wong RC, Poh KK, Yeo TC, Sharma VK, Chai P, Chan MY, Goh FQ, Sia CH. Prevalence and Incidence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Heart Failure - A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Hellenic J Cardiol 2022; 67:48-58. [PMID: 35839985 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of cognitive impairment in HF patients is significant and leads to longer hospital stay, higher readmission rates, and increased mortality. This review seeks to synthesize the available studies to determine the prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia in HF patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, PsychoINFO and Cochrane databases were systematically searched from their inception through to 3 May 2021. Study and population characteristics, total patients with HF, prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in HF patients and cognitive assessment tool were abstracted by two reviewers. RESULTS In heart failure patients, overall prevalence for cognitive impairment and dementia was 41.42% (CI) and 19.79% (dementia) respectively. We performed a meta-regression analysis which demonstrated that the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia increased with age. DISCUSSION Further research should investigate whether HF accelerates the rate of cognitive decline and the progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Li Xian Yap
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228
| | - Qianyi Kor
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228
| | - Yao Hao Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228
| | - Lauren Kay Mance Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Benjamin Yq Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074
| | - Weiqin Lin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Leonard Ll Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074
| | - William Kf Kong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Yao Feng Chong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074
| | - Raymond Cc Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074
| | - Ping Chai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Fang Qin Goh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228.
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21
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Dong C, Zhou C, Fu C, Hao W, Ozaki A, Shrestha N, Virani SS, Mishra SR, Zhu D. Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35526028 PMCID: PMC9080133 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with dementia differs by sex remains unclear, and the role of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors in their association is unknown. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study of 502,649 individuals. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) for the association between CVD (coronary heart diseases (CHD), stroke, and heart failure) and incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD)). The moderator roles of socioeconomic (education, income), lifestyle (smoking, BMI, leisure activities, and physical activity), genetic factors (APOE allele status), and medical history were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared to people who did not experience a CVD event, the HRs (95%CI) between CVD and all-cause dementia were higher in women compared to men, with an RHR (Female/Male) of 1.20 (1.13, 1.28). Specifically, the HRs for AD were higher in women with CHD and heart failure compared to men, with an RHR (95%CI) of 1.63 (1.39, 1.91) and 1.32 (1.07, 1.62) respectively. The HRs for VD were higher in men with heart failure than women, with RHR (95%CI) of 0.73 (0.57, 0.93). An interaction effect was observed between socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic factors, and medical history in the sex-specific association between CVD and dementia. CONCLUSION Women with CVD were 1.5 times more likely to experience AD than men, while had 15% lower risk of having VD than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Dong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunmiao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunying Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenting Hao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Salim S Virani
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiva Raj Mishra
- Academy for Data Sciences and Global Health, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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22
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Newby D, Winchester L, Sproviero W, Fernandes M, Ghose U, Lyall D, Launer LJ, Nevado‐Holgado AJ. The relationship between isolated hypertension with brain volumes in UK Biobank. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2525. [PMID: 35362209 PMCID: PMC9120723 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a well-established risk factor for cognitive impairment, brain atrophy, and dementia. However, the relationship of other types of hypertensions, such as isolated hypertension on brain health and its comparison to systolic-diastolic hypertension (where systolic and diastolic measures are high), is still relatively unknown. Due to its increased prevalence, it is important to investigate the impact of isolated hypertension to help understand its potential impact on cognitive decline and future dementia risk. In this study, we compared a variety of global brain measures between participants with isolated hypertension to those with normal blood pressure (BP) or systolic-diastolic hypertension using the largest cohort of healthy individuals. METHODS Using the UK Biobank cohort, we carried out a cross-sectional study using 29,775 participants (mean age 63 years, 53% female) with BP measurements and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We used linear regression models adjusted for multiple confounders to compare a variety of global, subcortical, and white matter brain measures. We compared participants with either isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension with normotensives and then with participants with systolic-diastolic hypertension. RESULTS The results showed that participants with isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension taking BP medications had smaller gray matter but larger white matter microstructures and macrostructures compared to normotensives. Isolated systolic hypertensives had larger total gray matter and smaller white matter traits when comparing these regions with participants with systolic-diastolic hypertension. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support to investigate possible preventative strategies that target isolated hypertension as well as systolic-diastolic hypertension to maintain brain health and/or reduce dementia risk earlier in life particularly in white matter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Newby
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Laura Winchester
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - William Sproviero
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Fernandes
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Upamanyu Ghose
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Donald Lyall
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowScotlandUK
| | | | - Alejo J. Nevado‐Holgado
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUK
- Big Data InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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23
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Clustering of indicators of the cognitive status in cardiac surgery patients to assess the risk of postoperative decline. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study. To determine the informational value of psychometric indicators used for the integral assessment of cognitive status in cardiac patients, and to find those that would help differentiate the individual sensibility to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Materials and methods. The clustering methods were analyzed the extended psychometric testing data in 256 cardiac surgery patients. The psychometric testing carried out 3–5 days before and on days 7–10 after surgery using the psychophysiological complex program “Status PF”.Results. The cluster analysis revealed that the most informative tests for a screening risk assessment of POCD are the testing the speed of response to visual stimuli with feedback of changes in the stimuli exposition according to the individual reaction time and the testing short-term memory (memorized words). While the analysis of postoperative psychometric indicators, the patients in a modified clustering group were characterized by a deterioration of verbal memory and a decrease of the time reaction to visual stimuli whereas that its observed acceleration in the general “stable” group.Conclusion. The clustering methods enabled the identification of cardiac surgery patients in the preoperative stage who had less cognitive reserve for recovery after surgery. The changes in the relationship of complex visual and motor response, attention, and memory indicators, which depended on the belonging to the identified clusters, suggest that the preoperative period is characterized by the dedifferentiation of cognitive functions indicating a cognitive deficit.
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24
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Lung function impairment in relation to cognition and vascular brain lesions: the Rotterdam Study. J Neurol 2022; 269:4141-4153. [PMID: 35267082 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) with cognitive performance and presence of vascular brain lesions (VBL). METHODS We determined both cross-sectional and longitudinal association of lung function impairment with cognition, as well as cross-sectional association of lung function impairment with VBL, in the general population. Between 2009 and 2014 we included 3,941 participants from the Rotterdam Study with spirometry tests, brain MRI scans and cognition tests, of whom 1815 had follow-up data on cognition. RESULTS Our finding indicated that cross-sectionally, participants with PRISm or COPD GOLD2-4 had a worse global cognitive performance. We did not find differences in cognition over time between those with normal spirometry versus those with lung function impairment. In addition, PRISm and COPD GOLD2-4 were associated with a higher prevalence of lacunar infarcts compared to normal spirometry. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that persons with COPD GOLD2-4 or restrictive lung function, defined as PRISm, are characterized by poorer global cognitive function and a higher prevalence of lacunar infarcts.
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25
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Insuficiencia cardíaca y deterioro cognitivo. ¿Estamos completamente alerta? Rev Clin Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Gao L, Nguyen D, Moodie M. Economic Burden of Dementia Caused by Cardiovascular Disease in Australia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:601-612. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The established link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia may provide new insights into dementia prevention. Objective: It aims to quantify the burden of dementia attributable to people with CVD. Methods: A Markov microsimulation model was developed to simulate the lifetime cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) related to people with and without CVD in Australia. A de-novo systematic review was undertaken to identify all evidence around the association between CVD [i.e., stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF)] and the risk of developing dementia. Incremental costs and QALY losses were estimated for people by type of CVD compared to the general Australian population without CVD. Results: Of the comprehensive literature search, 19 observational studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Patients who had CVD incurred both higher healthcare costs over their lifetime (ranging from $73,131 for patients with AF to $127,396 for patients with HF) and fewer QALYs gains (from –1.099 for patients with MI to –5.163 for patients with stroke), compared to people who did not have CVD. The total incremental economic burden of dementia from patients aged 65 years and over with CVD was $6.45 billion (stroke), $11.89 billion (AF), $17.57 billion (MI), or $7.95 billion (HF) over their remaining life expectancy. Conclusion: The results highlighted the importance of CVD prevention to reduce the CVD burden and decrease the prevalence of dementia. Interventions that target patients with dementia risk factors like CVD may prove to be effective and cost-effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Dieu Nguyen
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Marj Moodie
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
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27
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Venegas-Zamora L, Bravo-Acuña F, Sigcho F, Gomez W, Bustamante-Salazar J, Pedrozo Z, Parra V. New Molecular and Organelle Alterations Linked to Down Syndrome Heart Disease. Front Genet 2022; 12:792231. [PMID: 35126461 PMCID: PMC8808411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.792231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by a trisomy of the human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Overexpression of Hsa21 genes that encode proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can disrupt several cellular functions and biological processes, especially in the heart. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are present in 45–50% of individuals with DS. Here, we describe the genetic background of this condition (Hsa21 and non-Hsa21 genes), including the role of ncRNAs, and the relevance of these new players in the study of the pathophysiology of DS heart diseases. Additionally, we discuss several distinct pathways in cardiomyocytes which help maintain a functional heart, but that might trigger hypertrophy and oxidative stress when altered. Moreover, we highlight the importance of investigating how mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction could eventually contribute to understanding impaired heart function and development in subjects with the Hsa21 trisomy. Altogether, this review focuses on the newest insights about the gene expression, molecular pathways, and organelle alterations involved in the cardiac phenotype of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Bravo-Acuña
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Sigcho
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wileidy Gomez
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Bustamante-Salazar
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para El Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Zully Pedrozo, ; Valentina Parra,
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para El Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Zully Pedrozo, ; Valentina Parra,
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28
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Zagnoli F, Filippini T, Jimenez MP, Wise LA, Hatch EE, Vinceti M. Is Greenness Associated with Dementia? A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:574-590. [PMID: 35857243 PMCID: PMC9729322 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We assessed the relation between environmental greenness and risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis up to March 30, 2022, characterizing whenever possible the shape of the association using dose-response meta-analysis. RECENT FINDINGS Twelve studies were included in this review, either using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or land use/cover (LU/LC) methodology to assess greenness. Comparing the highest versus lowest exposure categories of greenness assessed using the NDVI (6 studies) or LU/LC (6 studies), we found no association with dementia. Dose-response meta-analysis of the association between greenness measured by LU/LC and dementia, based on only 3 studies, indicated a U-shaped association, but estimates were imprecise. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provided some evidence of a slight inverse association between greenness and dementia at intermediate exposure levels, but not at high levels. Potential methodological limitations, such as exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding, may have affected the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Zagnoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy ,School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Marcia P. Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Lauren A. Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy ,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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Cognitive decline and risk of dementia in individuals with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Fail 2021; 28:1337-1348. [PMID: 34971812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the association between heart failure (HF) and cognitive change and dementia. METHODS AND RESULTS Systematic search of three electronic databases was performed and 29 eligible studies involving approximately 3 million participants were identified. Twelve studies examined dementia and 20 cognitive change, but only a subset of studies could be included in the meta-analysis. These findings indicated that HF was not significantly associated with dementia (n=8, hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.93, 1.50]), but increased the risk of cognitive impairment (n=3, HR 1.80, 95%CI [1.14,2.86]) . Additionally, HF was associated with poorer mean cognitive performance in global cognition (Hedges' g -0.73, 95%CI [-1.12, -0.35]), memory (Hedges' g -0.57, 95%CI [-0.72, -0.42]), executive function (Hedges' g -0.58, 95%CI [-0.72, -0.43]), attention/speed (Hedges' g -0.50, 95%CI [-0.63, -0.37]) and language (Hedges' g -0.61, 95%CI [-1.05, -0.17]). CONCLUSION Patients with HF perform worse on all cognitive tests, and have an increased risk of cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the need for clinicians to consider cognition as part of routine care for patients with HF.
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30
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Goda A, Murata S, Shiraiwa K, Abiko T, Nakano H, Nonaka K, Iwase H, Anami K, Kikuchi Y, Horie J. Factors Influencing the Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling People Aged 75 Years and Older. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6040104. [PMID: 34842734 PMCID: PMC8628723 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Asia, including Japan, dementia incidence peaks in older adults over ≥75 years; it is therefore important to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and prevent its onset in this age group. Our study hypothesized that physical and psychological status would be associated with MCI incidence among community-dwelling people aged 75 years and older. The study population comprised 291 such individuals. Participants with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28 or more were considered non-MCI, and those with a score of less than 28 and greater than 24 were considered to have MCI. Several other measures were also evaluated, including information about their current medical visits due to diseases, depressive symptom severity, various physical functions (trunk function, 30 s chair-stand test, one-legged stance test, timed up and go test time, 5 m walking time, grip strength, knee-extension strength, and toe-grip strength), and body composition (body fat and skeletal muscle mass). Participants suspected of having MCI had significantly shorter educational histories, higher rates of medical visits due to hypertension, and poorer balance abilities. The results suggest that these indices can be considered screening indicators for detecting MCI in people aged 75 years and older, which may be useful for planning intervention programs for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Goda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-574-4313
| | - Shin Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Kayoko Shiraiwa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Teppei Abiko
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Koji Nonaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Hiroaki Iwase
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan;
| | - Kunihiko Anami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Yuki Kikuchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto 615-8087, Japan;
| | - Jun Horie
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
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Nelissen E, Argyrousi EK, Van Goethem NP, Zhao F, Hines CDG, Swaminath G, Gerisch M, Hueser J, Sandner P, Prickaerts J. Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Vericiguat Enhances Long-Term Memory in Rats without Altering Cerebral Blood Volume. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1047. [PMID: 34440254 PMCID: PMC8393324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is characterized by impairments in cerebral blood flow (CBF), endothelial function and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. These processes are all physiologically regulated by the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP signaling pathway. Additionally, cGMP signaling plays an important role in long-term potentiation (LTP) underlying memory formation. Therefore, targeting the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway may be a therapeutic strategy for treating VCI. Hence, in this study we investigated whether sGC stimulator vericiguat has potential as a cognitive enhancer. The effects of vericiguat on long-term memory were measured in rats using an object location task. Due to the low brain-penetrance of vericiguat found in this study, it was investigated whether in the absence of BBB limitations, vericiguat enhanced hippocampal plasticity using an ex vivo memory acquisition-like chemical LTP model. Finally, peripheral effects were measured by means of blood pressure and cerebral blood volume. Vericiguat successfully enhanced long-term memory and increased hippocampal plasticity via enhanced translocation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors to the cell membrane, while blood pressure and cerebral blood volume were unaltered. Although the memory enhancing effects in this study are likely due to peripheral effects on the cerebral microvasculature, sGC stimulation may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating VCI, especially when BBB integrity is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Nelissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (E.K.A.); (N.P.V.G.)
| | - Elentina K. Argyrousi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (E.K.A.); (N.P.V.G.)
| | - Nick P. Van Goethem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (E.K.A.); (N.P.V.G.)
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (F.Z.); (C.D.G.H.)
| | | | | | - Michael Gerisch
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (M.G.); (J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Joerg Hueser
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (M.G.); (J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (M.G.); (J.H.); (P.S.)
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Pharmacology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (E.K.A.); (N.P.V.G.)
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Suutari AM, Thor J, Nordin AMM, Kjellström S, Areskoug Josefsson K. Improving Health for People Living With Heart Failure: Focus Group Study of Preconditions for Co-Production of Health and Care. J Particip Med 2021; 13:e27125. [PMID: 33973859 PMCID: PMC8150411 DOI: 10.2196/27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-production of health and care involving patients, families of patients, and professionals in care processes can create joint learning about how to meet patients’ needs. Although barriers and facilitators to co-production have been examined previously in various health care contexts, the preconditions in Swedish chronic cardiac care contexts are yet to be explored. This study is set in the health system of the Swedish region of Jönköping County and is part of system-wide efforts to promote better health for persons with heart failure (HF). Objective The objective of this study was to test the usefulness of the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model when assessing the barriers to and facilitators of co-production of health and care perceived by patients with HF, family members of patients with HF, and professionals in a Swedish chronic cardiac care context as a guide for subsequent initiatives. Methods Data collection involved 1 focus group interview (FGI) with patients with HF (n=5), 1 FGI with family members of patients with HF (n=5), 1 FGI with professionals in primary care (n=7), and 1 FGI with professionals in cardiac care (n=4). In addition, patients with HF kept diaries of their thoughts regarding co-production. Using a deductive approach to content analysis, underpinned by the COM-B model, barriers and facilitators were categorized into capabilities, opportunities, and motivations to co-produce health and care. Results The participants showed limited understanding of co-production as a practice. They appeared to view it as a privilege to be offered to patients on top of traditional care and rarely as an approach for improving health care processes. The interviews revealed the limited health literacy among patients and the struggle of professionals to convey health information to these patients. Co-production was considered to be more resource-intensive than traditional care. Different expectations of stakeholders’ roles were revealed: professionals expected older patients not to want to co-produce health and care, and all participants expected professionals to be in charge of health care services. The family members’ position involved trying to balance their desire to support their relatives with understanding when, how, and with whom to co-produce. Presumed benefits motivated stakeholders: co-production was recognized to motivate patients to improve self-care. However, the participants recognized that motivation to get involved in health and care decisions varies over time among stakeholders. Conclusions Co-production can be facilitated by the stakeholders’ motivation. However, varying levels of understanding of co-production, patients’ limited health literacy, unease with power sharing between patients and professionals, and resource constraints are barriers that need to be managed to promote co-produced care and better health for persons living with HF. Further research is warranted to explore how to co-produce health care services with patients with HF and how leaders can facilitate the inevitable cultural change it requires and represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Suutari
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, The Highland Hospital, Eksjö, Sweden
| | - Johan Thor
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Annika M M Nordin
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Kjellström
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Kristina Areskoug Josefsson
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Behavioral Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Mo Y, Chu M, Hu W, Wang H. Association between the nurse-led program with mental health status, quality of life, and heart failure rehospitalization in chronic heart failure patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25052. [PMID: 33725890 PMCID: PMC7969300 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The nurse-led program is associated with a short-term improvement of mental health status (MHS) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Nonetheless, the long-term effect of this program is undetermined. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the 1-year effects of the nurse-led program on MHS, QOL, and heart failure (HF) rehospitalization among patients with CHF.CHF patients in the control group received standard care, and patients in the treatment group received standard care plus telehealth intervention including inquiring patients' medical condition, providing feedbacks, counseling and providing positive and emotional talk with the patients. At the third, sixth, and twelfth month's follow-up, patients were called by registered nurses to assess the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores. HF rehospitalization was also assessed.A total of 300 patients were included and 46% (n = 138) of the patients were in the treatment group. There were no significant between-group differences in the MHI-5 and KCCQ scores at baseline. In the control group, the MHI-5 score was gradually decreased with follow-up and the score was significantly lower than that in the treatment group since the third month's follow-up (63.5 ± 10.6 vs 73.6 ± 10.3). Compared with the treatment group, KCCQ score was lower in the control group from the third month's follow-up (64.3 ± 10.6 vs 73.5 ± 12.3) until the end of the twelfth months' follow-up (45.3 ± 11.2 vs 60.8 ± 11.1). During 12 months' follow-up, the proportion of patients who experienced HF rehospitalization was lower in the treatment group (19.6% vs 24.1%). After adjusting for covariates, the utilization of the nurse-led program, and increase of MHI-5 and KCCQ scores were associated with reduced risk of HF rehospitalization.The nurse-led program is beneficial for the improvement of MHS and QOL for CHF patients, which might contribute to the reduction of HF rehospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Mo
- Department of Nursing, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Hainan
| | - Mingzi Chu
- Department of Nursing, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiong Hu
- Department of Nursing, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Hainan
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Nursing, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Goda A, Murata S, Nakano H, Nonaka K, Iwase H, Shiraiwa K, Abiko T, Anami K, Horie J. The Relationship between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Health Literacy in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040567. [PMID: 33339302 PMCID: PMC7766868 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of health literacy on people at risk of developing dementia; its effects on the pathogenesis of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are particularly unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between health literacy and SCD in a population of healthy community-dwelling older adults. SCD status was assessed using the Cognitive Function domain of the Kihon Checklist (KCL-CF). Health literacy, in turn, was evaluated using the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy (CCHL) scale. Global cognitive function and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), respectively. Participants who were suspected of having SCD were significantly older than their non-SCD peers, and scored significantly worse on the CCHL, MMSE, and GDS-5. In addition, SCD status was found to be associated with CCHL and GDS-5 scores, as well as age, according to a logistic regression analysis. These findings suggest that low health literacy is linked to SCD morbidity in healthy community-dwelling older adults and should prove useful in the planning of dementia prevention and intervention programs for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Goda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-574-4313
| | - Shin Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Koji Nonaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Hiroaki Iwase
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan;
| | - Kayoko Shiraiwa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Teppei Abiko
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Kunihiko Anami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Jun Horie
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
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