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Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, Mohamed SA. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves early-stage diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2372-2380. [PMID: 37862823 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory, autoimmune and renal diseases. However, data about the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are lacking. OBJECTIVES This randomized-controlled trial assessed the effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, albuminuria level, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in pediatric patients with T1DM and diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Seventy T1DM patients and diabetic nephropathy were enrolled with a mean age 15.2 ± 1.96 years and median disease duration 7 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; intervention group which received oral omega-3 fatty acids capsules (1 g daily). The other group received a matching placebo and served as a control group. Both groups were followed-up for 6 months with assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fasting lipids, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), KIM-1 and CIMT. RESULTS After 6 months, omega-3 fatty acids adjuvant therapy for the intervention group resulted in a significant decrease in FBG, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, UACR, KIM-1 and CIMT, whereas, HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher post-therapy compared with baseline levels and compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Baseline KIM-1 levels were positively correlated to HbA1c, UACR and CIMT. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids was safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy in pediatric T1DM patients with diabetic nephropathy improved glycemic control, dyslipidemia and delayed disease progression and subclinical atherosclerosis among those patients. This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT05980026.
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Smith DA, Redman JE, Fraser DJ, Bowen T. Identification and detection of microRNA kidney disease biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:515-521. [PMID: 37678380 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging rapidly as a novel class of biomarkers of major organ disorders, including kidney diseases. However, current PCR-based detection methods are not amenable to development for high-throughput, cost-effective miRNA biomarker quantification. RECENT FINDINGS MiRNA biomarkers show significant promise for diagnosis and prognosis of kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, IgA nephropathy and delayed graft function following kidney transplantation. A variety of novel methods to detect miRNAs in liquid biopsies including urine, plasma and serum are being developed. As miRNAs are functional transcripts that regulate the expression of many protein coding genes, differences in miRNA profiles in disease also offer clues to underlying disease mechanisms. SUMMARY Recent findings highlight the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers to detect and predict progression of kidney diseases. Developing in parallel, novel methods for miRNA detection will facilitate the integration of these biomarkers into rapid routine clinical testing and existing care pathways. Validated kidney disease biomarkers also hold promise to identify novel therapeutic tools and targets. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/CONH/A43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Smith
- Division of Infection & Immunity
- Wales Kidney Research Unit
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff
| | - James E Redman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Donald J Fraser
- Division of Infection & Immunity
- Wales Kidney Research Unit
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff
| | - Timothy Bowen
- Division of Infection & Immunity
- Wales Kidney Research Unit
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff
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Shi C, Wan Y, He A, Wu X, Shen X, Zhu X, Yang J, Zhou Y. Urinary metabolites associate with the presence of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes and mediate the effect of inflammation on kidney complication. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1199-1207. [PMID: 37184672 PMCID: PMC10359369 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease. Unraveling novel biomarker signatures capable to identify patients with DKD is favorable for tackle the burden. Here, we investigated the possible association between urinary metabolites and the presence of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and further, whether the associated metabolites improve discrimination of DKD and mediate the effect of inflammation on kidney involvement was evaluated. METHODS Two independent cohorts comprising 192 individuals (92 DKD) were analyzed. Urinary metabolites were analyzed by targeted metabolome profiling and inflammatory cytokine IL-18 were measured by ELISA. Differentially expressed metabolites were selected and mediation analysis was carried out. RESULTS Seven potential metabolite biomarkers (i.e., S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, propionic acid, oxoadipic acid, leucine, isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, and indole-3-carboxylic acid) were identified using the discovery and validation design. In the pooled analysis, propionic acid, oxoadipic acid, leucine, isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, and indole-3-carboxylic acid were markedly and independently associated with DKD. The composite index of 7 potential metabolite biomarkers (CMI) mediated 32.99% of the significant association between the inflammatory IL-18 and DKD. Adding the metabolite biomarkers improved the discrimination of DKD. CONCLUSIONS In T2D, several associated urinary metabolites were identified to improve the prediction of DKD. Whether interventions aimed at reducing CMI also reduce the risk of DKD especially in patients with high IL-18 needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Shi
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yemeng Wan
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqin He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjia Shen
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Zhu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 262 N Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
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Ribeiro A, Liu F, Srebrzynski M, Rother S, Adamowicz K, Wadowska M, Steiger S, Anders HJ, Schmaderer C, Koziel J, Lech M. Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Macrophage-Associated Low-Grade Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098031. [PMID: 37175735 PMCID: PMC10179130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on macrophages and tubular epithelial cells and its role in modulating the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Indoxyl sulfate accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a predictor of overall and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. To simulate the uremic condition, primary macrophages and tubular epithelial cells were incubated with indoxyl sulfate at low concentrations as well as concentrations found in uremic patients, both alone and upon LPS challenge. The results showed that indoxyl sulfate alone induced the release of reactive oxygen species and low-grade inflammation in macrophages. Moreover, combined with LPS (proinflammatory conditions), indoxyl sulfate significantly increased TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-10 release but did not significantly affect the polarization of macrophages. Pre-treatment with indoxyl sulfate following LPS challenge induced the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, experiments with tubular epithelial cells revealed that indoxyl sulfate might induce senescence in parenchymal cells and therefore participate in the progression of inflammaging. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that indoxyl sulfate provokes low-grade inflammation, modulates macrophage function, and enhances the inflammatory response associated with LPS. Finally, indoxyl sulfate signaling contributes to the senescence of tubular epithelial cells during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Feiyue Liu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Srebrzynski
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Rother
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Adamowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Wadowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Association between Serum Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Level and Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030470. [PMID: 36983652 PMCID: PMC10051056 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a significant cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. To explore their associations, we examine the role of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in arterial stiffness in chronic HD patients. From June to August 2020, we recruited 135 chronic HD patients. The arterial stiffness group included patients with a carotid–femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) of >10 m/s. Fifty-five HD patients (40.7%) were in the arterial stiffness group. They had a higher prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.001) and hypertension (p = 0.039), were older (p = 0.007) and had higher aortic systolic blood pressure (p = 0.034), brachial systolic blood pressure (p = 0.025), glucose (p = 0.019), C-reactive protein (p = 0.039), and AIx75 (p = 0.003) and suPAR (p < 0.001) levels than the control group. After we performed multivariable logistic regression analysis, except age and glucose, serum suPAR (odds ratio [OR]: 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–2.70, p < 0.001) was independently associated with arterial stiffness in chronic HD patients. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, suPAR positively correlated with cfPWV (β = 0.475, p < 0.001) and could serve as a biomarker for arterial stiffness development in patients undergoing HD.
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Han JH, Jeong SH, Kim SH, Yuk HD, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Ku JH. Increased urinary B2-microglobulin is associated with poor prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1008763. [PMID: 36303834 PMCID: PMC9593077 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1008763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney tubular damage markers are biomarkers of acute or chronic kidney injury. Hypothetically, upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC), which induces obstructive uropathy or direct invasion of the renal parenchyma, may also induce increased excretion of urinary tubular damage proteins. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of tubular damage biomarker as prognostic markers for UTUC. Methods The records of 417 surgically resected patients with UTUC were obtained from the Seoul National University Prospectively Enrolled Registry for urothelial cancer-upper tract urothelial cancer (SUPER-UC-UTUC) between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients with non-urothelial cancer or without urinary tubular injury marker measurement were excluded, and finally, 296 patients were finally included. B2-microglobulin (B2-MG) was an injury marker, and a value higher than 0.3 was considered abnormally elevated, according to previous studies. Results The mean age was 70.9 years, and the male sex was predominant (n = 211, 71.3%). The incidences of renal pelvis and ureter cancer were similar (50.7% vs. 49.3%). Most patients had high-grade diseases (n = 254, 88.8%). The high urine B2-MG group was older, had decreased renal function, and had a higher pathologic T stage than did the low group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of disease-free survival (DFS), open surgical method (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, p = 0.027), large tumor size (HR 1.06, p = 0.017), tumor multifocality (HR 1.90, p = 0.038), lymphovascular invasion (HR 2.19, p < 0.001), and high urine B2-MG (HR 1.57, p = 0.021) were significantly associated with shortened metastasis-free survival (MFS). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed short DFS (median survival 15.5 months vs. unattained, log-rank p = 0.001) and MFS (unattained median survival in both groups, log-rank p = 0.003) for the high urine B2-MG group compared to the low urine B2-MG group. Conclusion Patients with UTUC presenting with increased pre-operative urine B2-MG levels were associated with disease recurrence and metastasis. This biomarker may aid in performing pre-operative risk stratification and in assessing the individual prognosis of patients with UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hee Han
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-hwan Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Dong Yuk
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ja Hyeon Ku,
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Bayrakci N, Özkan G, Akpinar S, Ediz B, Yilmaz A, Çelikkol A. Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 and renal failure in multiple myeloma. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:3033-3038. [PMID: 36173536 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal involvement is present in approximately 50% of multiple myeloma (MM) cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer 1 (PCPE-1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has been shown to increase collagen production by enhancing the activity of Procollagen C-Proteinase (PCP) involved in collagen fibrillogenesis and contribute to the fibrotic process. This study investigates the relationship between PCPE-1 and renal function in myeloma patients. METHODS Eighty-one adults, consisting of 61 patients diagnosed with MM and 20 healthy controls, were included in this cross-sectional study. The MM patients with renal injury (RI) were classified as "MM-RI( +)" and those with no RI as "MM-RI(-)". RESULTS The median serum PCPE-1 level was 10.7 (5.0-39.4) ng/mL for the entire study population, 9.9 (5.0-13.6) ng/mL for the control group, 10.0 (6.4-22.5) ng/mL for the MM-RI(-) group, and 11.4 (8.1-39.4) ng/mL for the MM-RI( +) group. The difference between the control group and MM-RI( +) group was statistically significant (p < 0.013). PCPE-1 levels negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels but positively correlated with serum creatinine and CRP levels in the entire study population. Among MM patients, only serum phosphorus and beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) were positively correlated with PCPE-1. PCPE-1 levels was not affected by other parameters in the entire study population and in the MM group. CONCLUSIONS Although serum PCPE-1 was higher in the MM-RI( +) group, it was thought to be associated with low GFR reflecting non-specific kidney injury rather than myeloma-related kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Bayrakci
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Gülsüm Özkan
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Seval Akpinar
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Bartu Ediz
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Aliye Çelikkol
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Skalsky K, Shiyovich A, Steinmetz T, Kornowski R. Chronic Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Appraisal. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051335. [PMID: 35268426 PMCID: PMC8911484 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. The concomitant renal disease often poses a major challenge in decision making as symptoms, cardiac biomarkers and noninvasive studies for evaluation of myocardial ischemia have different sensitivity and specificity thresholds in this specific population. Moreover, the effectiveness and safety of intervention and medical treatment in those patients is of great doubt as most clinical studies exclude patients with advance CKD. In the present paper, we discuss and review the literature in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CAD in the acute and chronic setting, in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Skalsky
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +972-39372251; Fax: +972-39372460
| | - Arthur Shiyovich
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Tali Steinmetz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Nephrology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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Lam D, Nadkarni GN, Mosoyan G, Neal B, Mahaffey KW, Rosenthal N, Hansen MK, Heerspink HJL, Fleming F, Coca SG. Clinical Utility of KidneyIntelX in Early Stages of Diabetic Kidney Disease in the CANVAS Trial. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:21-31. [PMID: 35016188 DOI: 10.1159/000519920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KidneyIntelX is a composite risk score, incorporating biomarkers and clinical variables for predicting progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The utility of this score in the context of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and how changes in the risk score associate with future kidney outcomes are unknown. METHODS We measured soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1, soluble TNFR-2, and kidney injury molecule 1 on banked samples from CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) trial participants with baseline DKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] ≥30 mg/g) and generated KidneyIntelX risk scores at baseline and years 1, 3, and 6. We assessed the association of baseline and changes in KidneyIntelX with subsequent DKD progression (composite outcome of an eGFR decline of ≥5 mL/min/year [using the 6-week eGFR as the baseline in the canagliflozin group], ≥40% sustained decline in the eGFR, or kidney failure). RESULTS We included 1,325 CANVAS participants with concurrent DKD and available baseline plasma samples (mean eGFR 65 mL/min/1.73 m2 and median UACR 56 mg/g). During a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, 131 participants (9.9%) experienced the composite kidney outcome. Using risk cutoffs from prior validation studies, KidneyIntelX stratified patients to low- (42%), intermediate- (44%), and high-risk (15%) strata with cumulative incidence for the outcome of 3%, 11%, and 26% (risk ratio 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.0, 14.2) for the high-risk versus low-risk groups. The differences in eGFR slopes for canagliflozin versus placebo were 0.66, 1.52, and 2.16 mL/min/1.73 m2 in low, intermediate, and high KidneyIntelX risk strata, respectively. KidneyIntelX risk scores declined by 5.4% (95% CI: -6.9, -3.9) in the canagliflozin arm at year 1 versus an increase of 6.3% (95% CI: 3.8, 8.7) in the placebo arm (p < 0.001). Changes in the KidneyIntelX score at year 1 were associated with future risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio per 10 unit decrease 0.80; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.83; p < 0.001) after accounting for the treatment arm, without evidence of effect modification by the baseline KidneyIntelX risk stratum or by the treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS KidneyIntelX successfully risk-stratified a large multinational external cohort for progression of DKD, and greater numerical differences in the eGFR slope for canagliflozin versus placebo were observed in those with higher baseline KidneyIntelX scores. Canagliflozin treatment reduced KidneyIntelX risk scores over time and changes in the KidneyIntelX score from baseline to 1 year associated with future risk of DKD progression, independent of the baseline risk score and treatment arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lam
- Division of Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gohar Mosoyan
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Norman Rosenthal
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael K Hansen
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Yan Z, Wang G, Shi X. Advances in the Progression and Prognosis Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785375. [PMID: 34992536 PMCID: PMC8724575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At present, there are three key problems in the clinical treatment and management of CKD. First, the current diagnostic indicators, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine, are greatly interfered by the physiological conditions of patients, and the changes in the indicator level are not synchronized with renal damage. Second, the established diagnosis of suspected CKD still depends on biopsy, which is not suitable for contraindication patients, is also traumatic, and is not sensitive to early progression. Finally, the prognosis of CKD is affected by many factors; hence, it is ineviatble to develop effective biomarkers to predict CKD prognosis and improve the prognosis through early intervention. Accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD are extremely significant for improving the clinical treatment and management of CKD and reducing the social burden. Therefore, biomarkers reported in recent years, which could play important roles in accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD, were concluded and highlighted in this review article that aims to provide a reference for both the construction of CKD precision therapy system and the pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guanran Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyang Shi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Tracz J, Luczak M. Applying Proteomics and Integrative "Omics" Strategies to Decipher the Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7492. [PMID: 34299112 PMCID: PMC8305100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis and premature mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular events. However, well-known risk factors, which promote "classical" atherosclerosis are alone insufficient to explain the high prevalence of atherosclerosis-related to CKD (CKD-A). The complexity of the molecular mechanisms underlying the acceleration of CKD-A is still to be defied. To obtain a holistic picture of these changes, comprehensive proteomic approaches have been developed including global protein profiling followed by functional bioinformatics analyses of dysregulated pathways. Furthermore, proteomics surveys in combination with other "omics" techniques, i.e., transcriptomics and metabolomics as well as physiological assays provide a solid ground for interpretation of observed phenomena in the context of disease pathology. This review discusses the comprehensive application of various "omics" approaches, with emphasis on proteomics, to tackle the molecular mechanisms underlying CKD-A progression. We summarize here the recent findings derived from global proteomic approaches and underline the potential of utilizing integrative systems biology, to gain a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of CKD-A and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
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Chan L, Nadkarni GN, Fleming F, McCullough JR, Connolly P, Mosoyan G, El Salem F, Kattan MW, Vassalotti JA, Murphy B, Donovan MJ, Coca SG, Damrauer SM. Derivation and validation of a machine learning risk score using biomarker and electronic patient data to predict progression of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1504-1515. [PMID: 33797560 PMCID: PMC8187208 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Predicting progression in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is critical to improving outcomes. We sought to develop/validate a machine-learned, prognostic risk score (KidneyIntelX™) combining electronic health records (EHR) and biomarkers. METHODS This is an observational cohort study of patients with prevalent DKD/banked plasma from two EHR-linked biobanks. A random forest model was trained, and performance (AUC, positive and negative predictive values [PPV/NPV], and net reclassification index [NRI]) was compared with that of a clinical model and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categories for predicting a composite outcome of eGFR decline of ≥5 ml/min per year, ≥40% sustained decline, or kidney failure within 5 years. RESULTS In 1146 patients, the median age was 63 years, 51% were female, the baseline eGFR was 54 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2, the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) was 6.9 mg/mmol, follow-up was 4.3 years and 21% had the composite endpoint. On cross-validation in derivation (n = 686), KidneyIntelX had an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.74, 0.79). In validation (n = 460), the AUC was 0.77 (95% CI 0.76, 0.79). By comparison, the AUC for the clinical model was 0.62 (95% CI 0.61, 0.63) in derivation and 0.61 (95% CI 0.60, 0.63) in validation. Using derivation cut-offs, KidneyIntelX stratified 46%, 37% and 17% of the validation cohort into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups for the composite kidney endpoint, respectively. The PPV for progressive decline in kidney function in the high-risk group was 61% for KidneyIntelX vs 40% for the highest risk strata by KDIGO categorisation (p < 0.001). Only 10% of those scored as low risk by KidneyIntelX experienced progression (i.e., NPV of 90%). The NRIevent for the high-risk group was 41% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS KidneyIntelX improved prediction of kidney outcomes over KDIGO and clinical models in individuals with early stages of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chan
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fergus Fleming
- Renalytix AI Plc, Cardiff, UK
- Renalytix AI, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Gohar Mosoyan
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael W Kattan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A Vassalotti
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven G Coca
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ventura C, Gomes BC, Oberemm A, Louro H, Huuskonen P, Mustieles V, Fernández MF, Ndaw S, Mengelers M, Luijten M, Gundacker C, Silva MJ. Biomarkers of effect as determined in human biomonitoring studies on hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the period 2008-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110998. [PMID: 33713715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented data on exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and cadmium (Cd), but comparatively few include results on effect biomarkers. The latter are needed to identify associations between exposure and adverse outcomes (AOs) in order to assess public health implications. To support improved derivation of EU regulation and policy making, it is of great importance to identify the most reliable effect biomarkers for these heavy metals that can be used in HBM studies. In the framework of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) initiative, our study aim was to identify effect biomarkers linking Cr(VI) and Cd exposure to selected AOs including cancer, immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and omics/epigenetics. A comprehensive PubMed search identified recent HBM studies, in which effect biomarkers were examined. Validity and applicability of the markers in HBM studies are discussed. The most frequently analysed effect biomarkers regarding Cr(VI) exposure and its association with cancer were those indicating oxidative stress (e.g., 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)) and DNA or chromosomal damage (comet and micronucleus assays). With respect to Cd and to some extent Cr, β-2-microglobulin (B2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) are well-established, sensitive, and the most common effect biomarkers to relate Cd or Cr exposure to renal tubular dysfunction. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 could serve as sensitive biomarkers of acute kidney injury in response to both metals, but need further investigation in HBM studies. Omics-based biomarkers, i.e., changes in the (epi-)genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome associated with Cr and/or Cd exposure, are promising effect biomarkers, but more HBM data are needed to confirm their significance. The combination of established effect markers and omics biomarkers may represent the strongest approach, especially if based on knowledge of mechanistic principles. To this aim, also mechanistic data were collected to provide guidance on the use of more sensitive and specific effect biomarkers. This also led to the identification of knowledge gaps relevant to the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Human Genetics Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School/FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa Gomes
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Human Genetics Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School/FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Axel Oberemm
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Human Genetics Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School/FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pasi Huuskonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Sophie Ndaw
- French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), France
| | - Marcel Mengelers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Department of Food Safety, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria João Silva
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Human Genetics Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School/FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Ba Aqeel S, Ye M, Wysocki J, Sanchez A, Khattab A, Lores E, Rademaker A, Gao X, Bebu I, Nelson RG, Molitch M, Batlle D. Urinary angiotensinogen antedates the development of stage 3 CKD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14242. [PMID: 31605461 PMCID: PMC6788980 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined if urinary angiotensinogen (uAOG), a marker of intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system activity, antedates stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) using samples from participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and later in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications (EDIC) trial. In a nested case–control design, cases were matched at the outcome visit (eGFR less than 60, 21‐59 mL/min per 1.73 m2) on age, gender, and diabetes duration, with controls: eGFR (95, 75‐119, mL/min per 1.73 m2.) Additionally, in an exploratory analysis progressive renal decline (PRD), defined as eGFR loss >3.5 mL/min per 1.73m2/year, was evaluated using only data from EDIC because no progressions were observed during DCCT. At the EDIC visit, which antedated the GFR outcome visit by 2 years (range 1–7years) the median uAOG/creatinine was markedly higher in cases than in controls (13.9 vs. 3.8 ng/mg P = 0.003) whereas at the DCCT visit, which antedated the GFR outcome by 17 to 20 years it was not (2.75 vs. 3.16 ng/mg, respectively). The Odds Ratio for uAOG and CKD stage 3 development was significant after adjusting for eGFR, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure 1.82 (1.00–3.29) but no longer significant when Albumin Excretion Ratio (AER) was included 1.21 (0.65–2.24).In the PRD analysis, uAOG/creatinine was sixfold higher in participants who experienced PRD than in those who did not (26 vs. 4.0 ng/mg, P = 0.003). The Odds Ratio for uAOG and PRD was significant after adjusting for eGFR, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure 2.48 (1.46–4.22) but no longer significant when AER was included 1.32 (0.76–2.30). In people with type1 diabetes, a robust increase in uAOG antedates the development of stage 3 CKD but is not superior to AER in predicting this renal outcome. Increased uAOG moreover is associated with PRD, an index of progression to End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Ba Aqeel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Minghao Ye
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jan Wysocki
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Enrique Lores
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ionut Bebu
- George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert G Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mark Molitch
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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He LX, Abdolmaleky HM, Yin S, Wang Y, Zhou JR. Dietary Fermented Soy Extract and Oligo-Lactic Acid Alleviate Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice via Inhibition of Inflammation and Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2376. [PMID: 32784477 PMCID: PMC7468970 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Effective preventive strategies are urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutraceutical components, a fermented soybean product (ImmuBalance, IMB) and an oligo-lactic acid product (LAP), on the prevention of adenine-induced CKD in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into following experimental groups: negative control; model control; and models treated with IMB at 250 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW), LAP at 1000 or 2000 mg/kg BW, and IMB/LAP combinations. The CKD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adenine daily for 4 weeks, and treatments started 2 weeks before adenine injection and ended after 10 weeks. Compared with the model control, the treatments did not significantly alter the body weight or food intake. Both IMB and LAP, especially their combination, significantly inhibited tubular dilation, tubulointerstitial degeneration or atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and acute inflammation in the kidneys of CKD mice, and significantly decreased serum cystatin C levels. IMB or LAP significantly reversed CKD-associated increases of circulating and kidney levels of inflammatory cytokines, circulating levels of kidney injury biomarkers, and kidney levels of stem cell biomarkers, and significantly reversed CKD-associated reduction of cecum Clostridium leptum group. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of IMB or LAP may significantly delay the development and/or progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia He
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
- Feihe Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hamid M. Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheng Yin
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
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Chauhan K, Nadkarni GN, Fleming F, McCullough J, He CJ, Quackenbush J, Murphy B, Donovan MJ, Coca SG, Bonventre JV. Initial Validation of a Machine Learning-Derived Prognostic Test (KidneyIntelX) Integrating Biomarkers and Electronic Health Record Data To Predict Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:731-739. [DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002252020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or the apolipoprotein L1 high-risk (APOL1-HR) genotypes are at increased risk of rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) and kidney failure. We hypothesized that a prognostic test using machine learning integrating blood biomarkers and longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data would improve risk stratification.MethodsWe selected two cohorts from the Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank: T2D (n=871) and African ancestry with APOL1-HR (n=498). We measured plasma tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) 1 and 2 and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and used random forest algorithms to integrate biomarker and EHR data to generate a risk score for a composite outcome: RKFD (eGFR decline of ≥5 ml/min per year), or 40% sustained eGFR decline, or kidney failure. We compared performance to a validated clinical model and applied thresholds to assess the utility of the prognostic test (KidneyIntelX) to accurately stratify patients into risk categories.ResultsOverall, 23% of those with T2D and 18% of those with APOL1-HR experienced the composite kidney end point over a median follow-up of 4.6 and 5.9 years, respectively. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of KidneyIntelX was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.79) in T2D, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.83) in APOL1-HR, outperforming the clinical models (AUC, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.67] and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.73], respectively; P<0.001). The positive predictive values for KidneyIntelX were 62% and 62% versus 46% and 39% for the clinical models (P<0.01) in high-risk (top 15%) stratum for T2D and APOL1-HR, respectively. The negative predictive values for KidneyIntelX were 92% in T2D and 96% for APOL1-HR versus 85% and 93% for the clinical model, respectively (P=0.76 and 0.93, respectively), in low-risk stratum (bottom 50%).ConclusionsIn patients with T2D or APOL1-HR, a prognostic test (KidneyIntelX) integrating biomarker levels with longitudinal EHR data significantly improved prediction of a composite kidney end point of RKFD, 40% decline in eGFR, or kidney failure over validated clinical models.
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Andersson J, Fall T, Delicano R, Wennberg P, Jansson JH. GDF-15 is associated with sudden cardiac death due to incident myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 2020; 152:165-169. [PMID: 32422242 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to acute myocardial infarction (MI) in previously healthy patients is challenging. Proteomic analysis may lead to an understanding of biological mechanisms and provide predictive biomarkers. METHODS In this prospective, nested case-control study from northern Sweden, 87 candidate cardiovascular protein biomarkers were studied in 244 individuals who later died within 24 h from an incident MI and 244 referents without MI and individually matched for age, sex and date of health examination and alive at the date of event in the index person. Association analysis was conducted using conditional logistic regression. Bonferroni correction was applied to avoid false positive findings. RESULTS Ten proteins were associated with future SCD due to acute MI in the non-adjusted analysis. The strongest association were found for growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41, 2.25) per standard deviation increase in protein, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor with an OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.34, 2.06). In models adjusted for lipid levels, body mass index, education, smoking, hypertension and C-reactive protein, only association with GDF-15 remained (OR 1.47 (95% 1.11, 1.95)). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of GDF-15 are associated with increased risk of SCD within 24 h of incident MI. Further research may enable the use of GDF-15 together with other clinical and biological markers to guide primary preventive interventions for individuals at high risk for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Tove Fall
- Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rachel Delicano
- Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit, Umeå University, Sweden
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Association between Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6927456. [PMID: 31886242 PMCID: PMC6899318 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6927456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem with a high prevalence and mortality. There is no sensitive and effective markers for chronic kidney disease. Previous studies proposed suPAR as an early predict biomarker for chronic kidney disease, but the results are controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the current meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between suPAR and CKD. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and Web of Science before May 1, 2019. The search was based on the key words including suPAR and CKD. Data are extracted independently according to standard format, and quality analysis is performed. We extracted the concentration of suPAR and hazard rate (HR) values of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease. Results There were 14 studies fulfilling the criteria. The concentration of suPAR was higher in patients with CKD than that in the control group (P < 0.001; SMD: −2.17; 95% CI: −2.71, −1.63; I2 = 67.4%). SuPAR had a higher risk of mortality (P=0.001; HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.39; I2 = 68.0%). The higher suPAR level increased the risk of cardiovascular disease (P < 0.001; HR: 3.06; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.22; I2 = 0.0%) and the risk of end-stage renal disease (P < 0.001; HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.60; I2 = 0.0%). Conclusions Monitoring suPAR concentrations may be used for early diagnosis and prognosis for patients with CKD, and the higher suPAR increased the risk of mortality, cardiovascular events, and end-stage renal disease.
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Association of serum IL-18 with protein-energy wasting in end-stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1271-1278. [PMID: 31119516 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is highly prevalent in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with inflammation who are on haemodialysis treatment. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that is significantly elevated in ESRD patients. However, the relationship between PEW and IL-18 is unclear. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study on 100 ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis to clarify this. METHODS PEW was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Inflammation was assessed based on the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-18. We analysed the association between PEW and IL-18 by using logistic analysis and linear regression after adjustment for basic characteristics, comorbidities and laboratory findings. RESULTS Among the 100 haemodialysis patients who were recruited, 56 had PEW. Even though there was no difference between the PEW group and non-PEW group with regard to disease causes, age, gender, cholesterol, ferritin, and haemoglobin, the levels of inflammation indicators such as CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in the PEW group. Moreover, IL-18 was found to contribute to PEW, but was negatively correlated with pre-albumin after adjustment for possible confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the findings indicate that IL-18 is associated with PEW in ESRD patients on haemodialysis, which suggests that IL-18 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PEW in this setting.
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Chanrat E, Worawichawong S, Radinahamed P, Sathirapongsasuti N, Nongnuch A, Assanatham M, Udomsubpayakul U, Kitiyakara C. Urine epidermal growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or their ratio as predictors of complete remission in primary glomerulonephritis. Cytokine 2018; 104:1-7. [PMID: 29414320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance of several cytokines likely influences the resolution of glomerulonephritis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) is a chemokine that promotes renal inflammation whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates protective responses. Previously, high urine MCP-1(MCP-1) and low urine EGF (EGF) levels were found to be associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but there is limited information on the value of these mediators as predictors of therapeutic responses or long term outcome in primary glomerulonephritis. OBJECTIVES To determine the performance of urine EGF, MCP-1 or their ratio at baseline as biomarkers to predict complete remission, and the relationship of these mediators with subsequent renal function 24 months later in primary glomerulonephritis. METHODS This is a prospective study of patients with biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis. Baseline urine samples were collected at biopsy before therapy. MCP-1 and EGF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and expressed as a ratio to urine creatinine (ng/mgCr) or as EGF/MCP-1 ratio (ng/ng). Proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF) were monitored after therapy. Complete remission (CR) was defined as proteinuria ≤ 0.3 g/gCr. RESULTS Median follow-up was 20 months. Of all patients (n = 74), 38 patients (51.4%) subsequently achieved CR. Baseline urine EGF and EGF/MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in CR compared to Not CR. By contrast, MCP-1 was not different. High EGF (EGF > 75 ng/mgCr) was a significant predictor (OR 2.28) for CR by multivariate analysis after adjusting for proteinuria, blood pressure, baseline eGFR. In patients who completed 24 months follow-up (n = 43), baseline EGF correlated inversely with proteinuria and positively with eGFR at 24 months. CONCLUSION High urine EGF level is a promising biomarker of CR. Baseline EGF levels correlated with kidney function at 2 years. EGF/MCP-1 was not superior to EGF alone. Further studies are necessary to determine the role of urine EGF as a guide to therapy in primary GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkapat Chanrat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Supanat Worawichawong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Piyanuch Radinahamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Nuankanya Sathirapongsasuti
- Section for Translational Medicine, Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Arkom Nongnuch
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Montira Assanatham
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Umaporn Udomsubpayakul
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Chagriya Kitiyakara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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