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Quintanova C, Himmerkus N, Svendsen SL, von Schwerdtner O, Merkel C, Pinckert L, Mutig K, Breiderhoff T, Müller D, Günzel D, Bleich M. Unrecognized role of claudin-10b in basolateral membrane infoldings of the thick ascending limb. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:266-278. [PMID: 35996827 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-10b is an important component of the tight junction in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop and allows paracellular sodium transport. In immunofluorescence stainings, claudin-10b-positive cells exhibited extensive extra staining of basolateral, column-like structures. The precise localization and function have so far remained elusive. In isolated cortical TAL segments from C57BL/6J mice, kidney-specific claudin-10 knockout mice (cKO), and respective litter mates (WT), we investigated the localization and protein expression and function by fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiological measurements. Ultrastructural analysis of TAL in kidney sections was performed by electron microscopy. Claudin-10b colocalized with the basolateral Na+ -K+ ATPase and the Cl- channel subunit barttin, but the lack of claudin-10b did not influence the localization or abundance of these proteins. However, the accessibility of the basolateral infolded extracellular space to ouabain or fluorescein was increased by basolateral Ca2+ removal and in the absence of claudin-10b. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy revealed a widening of basolateral membrane infoldings in cKO in comparison to WT. We hypothesize that claudin-10b shapes neighboring membrane invaginations by trans interaction to stabilize and facilitate high-flux salt transport in a water-tight epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel L Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Cosima Merkel
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Pinckert
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology, and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology, and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Li KW, Liang YY, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhou SJ, Wei HC, Zhou CZ, Wan XH. Brucea javanica: A review on anticancer of its pharmacological properties and clinical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153560. [PMID: 33858739 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr (BJ) is being widely investigated, both in lab and in clinic, to explore its potential anticancer activity and molecular mechanism involved. PURPOSE We appraised the available literature and suggested the future research directions to improve the medicinal value of BJ. METHOD In this review, we have summarized the scientific findings from experimental and clinical studies regarding the anticancer activity and mechanisms. RESULTS Numerous studies have reported that BJ exerts anticancer effect on various types of cancer lines through inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration/invasion, inducing autophagy and restraining angiogenesis. Brucea javanica triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of cytochrome C, activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and regulation of a series of signal pathways and proteins related to cancer. The molecular mechanism involved are inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and Nrf2-Notch1 pathways; up or down modulating the levels of p53, p62, p21, Bax, and Bcl-2 respectively, and inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Brucea javanica's efficacy in treating cancer patients either as a main or supportive treatment is also discussed in this review. CONCLUSION This review will serve as a comprehensive resource of BJ's potential as anticancer agent and its molecular pathways. The analysis of the literature suggests that BJ can serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Yi-Yu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Xin-Huan Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
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3
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Elgawidi A, Mohsin MI, Ali F, Watts A, Monk PN, Thomas MS, Partridge LJ. A role for tetraspanin proteins in regulating fusion induced by Burkholderia thailandensis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:473-487. [PMID: 32253503 PMCID: PMC7395031 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease with high morbidity that is endemic in South East Asia and northern Australia. An unusual feature of the bacterium is its ability to induce multinucleated giant cell formation (MNGC), which appears to be related to bacterial pathogenicity. The mechanism of MNGC formation is not fully understood, but host cell factors as well as known bacterial virulence determinants are likely to contribute. Since members of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins are involved in various types of cell:cell fusion, their role in MNGC formation induced by Burkholderia thailandensis, a mildly pathogenic species closely related to B. pseudomallei, was investigated. The effect of antibodies to tetraspanins CD9, CD81, and CD63 in MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis in infected mouse J774.2 and RAW macrophage cell lines was assessed along with that of recombinant proteins corresponding to the large extracellular domain (EC2) of the tetraspanins. B. thailandensis-induced fusion was also examined in macrophages derived from CD9 null and corresponding WT mice, and in J774.2 macrophages over-expressing CD9. Antibodies to CD9 and CD81 promoted MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis, whereas EC2 proteins of CD9, CD81, and CD63 inhibited MNGC formation. Enhanced MNGC formation was observed in CD9 null macrophages, whereas a decrease in MNGC formation was associated with overexpression of CD9. Overall our findings show that tetraspanins are involved in MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis and by implication, B. pseudomallei, with CD9 and CD81 acting as negative regulators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiga Elgawidi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Muslim Idan Mohsin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Pathological Analyses, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Fawwaz Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Mosul Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Amyleigh Watts
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter N Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Mark S Thomas
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lynda J Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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4
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Navakanitworakul R, Hung WT, Gunewardena S, Davis JS, Chotigeat W, Christenson LK. Characterization and Small RNA Content of Extracellular Vesicles in Follicular Fluid of Developing Bovine Antral Follicles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25486. [PMID: 27158133 PMCID: PMC4860563 DOI: 10.1038/srep25486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (i.e., extracellular vesicles: EVs) have been identified within ovarian follicular fluid and recent evidence suggests that EVs are able to elicit profound effects on ovarian cell function. While existence of miRNA within EVs has been reported, whether EV size and concentration as well as their cargos (i.e., proteins and RNA) change during antral follicle growth remains unknown. Extracellular vesicles isolated from follicular fluid of small, medium and large bovine follicles were similar in size, while concentration of EVs decreased progressively as follicle size increased. Electron microscopy indicated a highly purified population of the lipid bilayer enclosed vesicles that were enriched in exosome biomarkers including CD81 and Alix. Small RNA sequencing identified a large number of known and novel miRNAs that changed in the EVs of different size follicles. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) indicated that miRNA abundant in small follicle EV preparations were associated with cell proliferation pathways, while those miRNA abundant in large follicle preparations were related to inflammatory response pathways. These studies are the first to demonstrate that EVs change in their levels and makeup during antral follicle development and point to the potential for a unique vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell communication network within the ovarian follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Wei-Ting Hung
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - John S Davis
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
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5
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Qin Y, Mohandessi S, Gordon L, Wadehra M. Regulation of FAK Activity by Tetraspan Proteins: Potential Clinical Implications in Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2015; 20:391-405. [PMID: 27279237 PMCID: PMC5390008 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v20.i5-6.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates multiple cell signaling pathways in both physiological and pathological conditions. Overexpression and activation of FAK is associated with many advanced stage cancers through promoting cancer cell tumorigenicity and progression as well as by regulating the tumor microenvironment. FAK has multiple binding partners through which FAK exerts its functions including RhoGEF, Src family, talin, cortactin, and paxilin. Over the last few years, it has been proposed that a novel group of four transmembrane proteins can interact with FAK and regulate its activity. These include select tetraspanins such as CD151 and CD9 as well as the GAS3 family members epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) and peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22). In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interaction between FAK and tetraspan proteins in physiological and pathological conditions, with an emphasis on the potential of tetraspan family members as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shabnam Mohandessi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynn Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
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6
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Breau MA, Schneider-Maunoury S. Cranial placodes: models for exploring the multi-facets of cell adhesion in epithelial rearrangement, collective migration and neuronal movements. Dev Biol 2014; 401:25-36. [PMID: 25541234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Key to morphogenesis is the orchestration of cell movements in the embryo, which requires fine-tuned adhesive interactions between cells and their close environment. The neural crest paradigm has provided important insights into how adhesion dynamics control epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition and mesenchymal cell migration. Much less is known about cranial placodes, patches of ectodermal cells that generate essential parts of vertebrate sensory organs and ganglia. In this review, we summarise the known functions of adhesion molecules in cranial placode morphogenesis, and discuss potential novel implications of adhesive interactions in this crucial developmental process. The great repertoire of placodal cell behaviours offers new avenues for exploring the multiple roles of adhesion complexes in epithelial remodelling, collective migration and neuronal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Anne Breau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS-UMR7622, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS) - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, U1156, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS-UMR7622, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS) - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
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7
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Fei Y, Wang J, Liu W, Zuo H, Qin J, Wang D, Zeng H, Liu Z. CD151 promotes cancer cell metastasis via integrins α3β1 and α6β1 in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1226-30. [PMID: 23007325 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD151 is a member of the tetraspanin family that is implicated as a promoter of the tumor metastasis of malignant cells. Tetraspanins form membrane complexes with integrins. In the present study, we constructed a CD151-AAA mutant to assess the roles of Rac, cdc42 and phospho-Rac/cdc42 (P-Rac/cdc42) and the effects of CD151‑integrin complexes on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. The pAAV-CD151 and pAAV‑CD151‑AAA mutant plasmids were constructed and used to transiently transfect HepG2 cells using the Qiagen Attractene transfection reagent. Following transfection, the expression of CD151 was determined by western blotting. A cell proliferation assay was performed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method, cell migration was assessed by a cell wound-healing assay and cell invasion was evaluated in microchemotaxis chambers using FBS as the chemotactic stimulus. The potential involvement of various signaling pathways was explored using relevant antibodies. The association between CD151 and integrins was evaluated by immunoblotting analysis. We found that CD151 promoted cell proliferation, migration and chemotaxis and increased P-Rac/cdc42 activity. The CD151-AAA mutant had reduced cellular proliferation, migration and invasion compared with the CD151 mutant. Moreover, the CD151-AAA mutant abrogated the association between CD151 and integrins. These data suggest that CD151 forms complexes by interacting with integrins, particularly α3β1 and α6β1, and thereby affects the functioning of the HepG2 cells. The mechanism is possibly related to the Rac, cdc42 and P-Rac/cdc42 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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8
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Ohnami N, Nakamura A, Miyado M, Sato M, Kawano N, Yoshida K, Harada Y, Takezawa Y, Kanai S, Ono C, Takahashi Y, Kimura K, Shida T, Miyado K, Umezawa A. CD81 and CD9 work independently as extracellular components upon fusion of sperm and oocyte. Biol Open 2012; 1:640-7. [PMID: 23213457 PMCID: PMC3507294 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When a sperm and oocyte unite into one cell upon fertilization, membranous fusion between the sperm and oocyte occurs. In mice, Izumo1 and a tetraspanin molecule CD9 are required for sperm-oocyte fusion as one of the oocyte factors, and another tetraspanin molecule CD81 is also thought to involve in this process. Since these two tetraspanins often form a complex upon cell-cell interaction, it is probable that such a complex is also formed in sperm-oocyte interaction; however, this possibility is still under debate among researchers. Here we assessed this problem using mouse oocytes. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that both CD9 and CD81 were widely distributed outside the oocyte cell membrane, but these molecules were separate, forming bilayers, confirmed by immunobiochemical analysis. Electron-microscopic analysis revealed the presence of CD9- or CD81-incorporated extracellular structures in those bilayers. Finally, microinjection of in vitro-synthesized RNA showed that CD9 reversed a fusion defect in CD81-deficient oocytes in addition to CD9-deficient oocytes, but CD81 failed in both oocytes. These results suggest that both CD9 and CD81 independently work upon sperm-oocyte fusion as extracellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ohnami
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development , 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535 , Japan
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9
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Quantitative and integrative proteome analysis of peripheral nerve myelin identifies novel myelin proteins and candidate neuropathy loci. J Neurosci 2012; 31:16369-86. [PMID: 22072688 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4016-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve myelin facilitates rapid impulse conduction and normal motor and sensory functions. Many aspects of myelin biogenesis, glia-axonal interactions, and nerve homeostasis are poorly understood at the molecular level. We therefore hypothesized that only a fraction of all relevant myelin proteins has been identified so far. Combining gel-based and gel-free proteomic approaches, we identified 545 proteins in purified mouse sciatic nerve myelin, including 36 previously known myelin constituents. By mass spectrometric quantification, the predominant P0, periaxin, and myelin basic protein constitute 21, 16, and 8% of the total myelin protein, respectively, suggesting that their relative abundance was previously misestimated due to technical limitations regarding protein separation and visualization. Focusing on tetraspan-transmembrane proteins, we validated novel myelin constituents using immuno-based methods. Bioinformatic comparison with mRNA-abundance profiles allowed the categorization in functional groups coregulated during myelin biogenesis and maturation. By differential myelin proteome analysis, we found that the abundance of septin 9, the protein affected in hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy, is strongly increased in a novel mouse model of demyelinating neuropathy caused by the loss of prion protein. Finally, the systematic comparison of our compendium with the positions of human disease loci allowed us to identify several candidate genes for hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. These results illustrate how the integration of unbiased proteome, transcriptome, and genome data can contribute to a molecular dissection of the biogenesis, cell biology, metabolism, and pathology of myelin.
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10
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Conley SM, Stuck MW, Naash MI. Structural and functional relationships between photoreceptor tetraspanins and other superfamily members. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 69:1035-47. [PMID: 21655915 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The two primary photoreceptor-specific tetraspanins are retinal degeneration slow (RDS) and rod outer segment membrane protein-1 (ROM-1). These proteins associate together to form different complexes necessary for the proper structure of the photoreceptor outer segment rim region. Mutations in RDS cause blinding retinal degenerative disease in both rods and cones by mechanisms that remain unknown. Tetraspanins are implicated in a variety of cellular processes and exert their function via the formation of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. This review focuses on correlations between RDS and other members of the tetraspanin superfamily, particularly emphasizing protein structure, complex assembly, and post-translational modifications, with the goal of furthering our understanding of the structural and functional role of RDS and ROM-1 in outer segment morphogenesis and maintenance, and our understanding of the pathogenesis associated with RDS and ROM-1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA
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11
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Fjorback AW, Müller HK, Haase J, Raarup MK, Wiborg O. Modulation of the dopamine transporter by interaction with Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Fu M, Maresh EL, Soslow RA, Alavi M, Mah V, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Goodglick L, Gordon LK, Braun J, Wadehra M. Epithelial membrane protein-2 is a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3954-63. [PMID: 20670949 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tetraspan protein epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) has been shown to regulate the surface display and signaling from select integrin pairs, and it was recently identified as a prognostic biomarker in human endometrial cancer. In this study, we assessed the role of EMP2 in human ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the expression of EMP2 within a population of women with ovarian cancer using tissue microarray assay technology. We evaluated the efficacy of EMP2-directed antibody therapy using a fully human recombinant bivalent antibody fragment (diabody) in vitro and ovarian cancer xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS EMP2 was found to be highly expressed in >70% of serous and endometrioid ovarian tumors compared with nonmalignant ovarian epithelium using a human ovarian cancer tissue microarray. Using anti-EMP2 diabody, we evaluated the in vitro response of nine human ovarian cancer cell lines with detectable EMP2 expression. Treatment of human ovarian cancer cell lines with anti-EMP2 diabodies induced cell death and retarded cell growth, and these response rates correlated with cellular EMP2 expression. We next assessed the effects of anti-EMP2 diabodies in mice bearing xenografts from the ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line OVCAR5. Anti-EMP2 diabodies significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced cell death in OVCAR5 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that EMP2 is expressed in the majority of ovarian tumors and may be a feasible target in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyong Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Carmosino M, Rizzo F, Procino G, Basco D, Valenti G, Forbush B, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Caplan MJ, Svelto M. MAL/VIP17, a new player in the regulation of NKCC2 in the kidney. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:3985-97. [PMID: 20861303 PMCID: PMC2982131 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-05-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal-specific Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) is the major salt transport pathway of the apical membrane of the mammalian thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Here, we analyze the role of the tetraspan protein myelin and lymphocytes-associated protein (MAL)/VIP17 in the regulation of NKCC2. We demonstrated that 1) NKCC2 and MAL/VIP17 colocalize and coimmunoprecipitate in Lilly Laboratories cell porcine kidney cells (LLC-PK1) as well as in rat kidney medullae, 2) a 150-amino acid stretch of NKCC2 C-terminal tail is involved in the interaction with MAL/VIP17, 3) MAL/VIP17 increases the cell surface retention of NKCC2 by attenuating its internalization, and 4) this coincides with an increase in cotransporter phosphorylation. Interestingly, overexpression of MAL/VIP17 in the kidney of transgenic mice results in cysts formation in distal nephron structures consistent with the hypothesis that MAL/VIP17 plays an important role in apical sorting or in maintaining the stability of the apical membrane. The NKCC2 expressed in these mice was highly glycosylated and phosphorylated, suggesting that MAL/VIP17 also is involved in the stabilization of NKCC2 at the apical membrane in vivo. Thus, the involvement of MAL/VIP17 in the activation and surface expression of NKCC2 could play an important role in the regulated absorption of Na+ and Cl- in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carmosino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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14
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Mutations in TMEM216 perturb ciliogenesis and cause Joubert, Meckel and related syndromes. Nat Genet 2010; 42:619-25. [PMID: 20512146 PMCID: PMC2894012 DOI: 10.1038/ng.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS), related disorders (JSRD) and Meckel syndrome (MKS) are ciliopathies. We now report that MKS2 and JBTS2 loci are allelic and due to mutations in TMEM216, encoding an uncharacterized tetraspan transmembrane protein. JBTS2 patients displayed frequent nephronophthisis and polydactytly, and two cases conformed to the Oro-Facio-Digital type VI phenotype, whereas skeletal dysplasia was common in MKS fetuses. A single p.R73L mutation was identified in all patients of Ashkenazi Jewish descent (n=10). TMEM216 localized to the base of primary cilia, and loss of TMEM216 in patient fibroblasts or following siRNA knockdown caused defective ciliogenesis and centrosomal docking, with concomitant hyperactivation of RhoA and Dishevelled. TMEM216 complexed with Meckelin, encoded by a gene also mutated in JSRD and MKS. Abrogation of tmem216 expression in zebrafish led to gastrulation defects that overlap with other ciliary morphants. The data implicate a new family of proteins in the ciliopathies, and further support allelism between ciliopathy disorders.
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Williams AA, Higgins JPT, Zhao H, Ljunberg B, Brooks JD. CD 9 and vimentin distinguish clear cell from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. BMC Clin Pathol 2009; 9:9. [PMID: 19922654 PMCID: PMC2788570 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) can usually be distinguished by histologic characteristics. Occasionally, diagnosis proves challenging and diagnostic difficulty will likely increase as needle biopsies of renal lesions become more common. Methods To identify markers that aid in differentiating ccRCC from chRCC, we used gene expression profiles to identify candidate markers that correlate with histology. 39 antisera and antibodies, including 35 for transcripts identified from gene expression profiling, were evaluated. Promising markers were tested on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 428 renal neoplasms. Strength of staining of each core on the TMA was formally scored and the distribution of staining across different types of renal neoplasms was analyzed. Results Based on results from initial immunohistochemical staining of multitissue titer arrays, 23 of the antisera and antibodies were selected for staining of the TMA. For 7 of these markers, strength of staining of each core on the TMA was formally scored. Vimentin (positive in ccRCC) and CD9 (positive in chRCC) best distinguished ccRCC from chRCC. The combination of vimentin negativity and CD9 positivity was found to distinguish chRCC from ccRCC with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 95.2%. Conclusion Based on gene expression analysis, we identify CD9 and vimentin as candidate markers for distinguishing between ccRCC and chRCC. In difficult cases and particularly when the amount of diagnostic tissue is limited, vimentin and CD9 staining could serve as a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of ccRCC and chRCC.
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Morales SA, Mareninov S, Coulam P, Wadehra M, Goodglick L, Braun J, Gordon LK. Functional consequences of interactions between FAK and epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:4949-56. [PMID: 19494199 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Collagen gel contraction by ARPE-19 is controlled by epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. The purpose of this study was to test the role of EMP2 in the cellular context of FAK activation. METHODS The ARPE-19 cell line was recombinantly modified to increase the expression of EMP2 and was used in this study. Quantification of FAK and Src phosphorylation was determined with Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates with the use of specific antibodies for different target sites of phosphorylation. Coimmunoprecipitation of whole cell lysates with an antibody against EMP2, followed by Western blot analysis and identification of FAK, was performed. Focal adhesions and their relationship to EMP2 were identified with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. F-actin distribution was identified using fluorescence microscopy, and alpha- smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression was quantified with Western blot analysis and specific antibodies. Adhesion to collagen type I was determined with a binding assay. RESULTS EMP2 overexpression led to increased FAK phosphorylation at all measured phosphorylation sites. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy provided evidence for a physical association between EMP2 and FAK. Increased EMP2 was also associated with altered distribution of focal adhesions, changes in actin organization, increased alpha-SMA expression, and increased adherence to a collagen-coated surface. CONCLUSIONS The EMP2-FAK association represents a novel protein-protein interaction, not previously reported, that demonstrates significant functional cellular responses in the context of in vitro models of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Morales
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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