1
|
Riquelme MA, Wang X, Acosta FM, Zhang J, Chavez J, Gu S, Zhao P, Xiong W, Zhang N, Li G, Srinivasan S, Ma C, Rao MK, Sun LZ, Zhang N, An Z, Jiang JX. Antibody-activation of connexin hemichannels in bone osteocytes with ATP release suppresses breast cancer and osteosarcoma malignancy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114377. [PMID: 38889005 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue represents the most frequent site of cancer metastasis. We developed a hemichannel-activating antibody, Cx43-M2. Cx43-M2, directly targeting osteocytes in situ, activates osteocytic hemichannels and elevates extracellular ATP, thereby inhibiting the growth and migration of cultured breast and osteosarcoma cancer cells. Cx43-M2 significantly decreases breast cancer metastasis, osteosarcoma growth, and osteolytic activity, while improving survival rates in mice. The antibody's inhibition of breast cancer and osteosarcoma is dose dependent in both mouse and human cancer metastatic models. Furthermore, Cx43-M2 enhances anti-tumor immunity by increasing the population and activation of tumor-infiltrating immune-promoting effector T lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressive regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that the Cx43-M2 antibody, by activating Cx43 hemichannels and facilitating ATP release and purinergic signaling, transforms the cancer microenvironment from a supportive to a suppressive state. Collectively, our study underscores the potential of Cx43-M2 as a therapeutic for treating breast cancer bone metastasis and osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Riquelme
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Francisca M Acosta
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jingruo Zhang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jeffery Chavez
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Sumin Gu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Manjeet K Rao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pendleton E, Ketner A, Ransick P, Ardekani D, Bodenstine T, Chandar N. Loss of Function of the Retinoblastoma Gene Affects Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication and Cell Fate in Osteoblasts. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:39. [PMID: 38248470 PMCID: PMC10813623 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Loss of function of the Retinoblastoma gene (RB1) due to mutations is commonly seen in human osteosarcomas. One of the Rb1 gene functions is to facilitate cell fate from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts and prevent adipocyte differentiations. In this study, we demonstrate that a stable reduction of Rb1 expression (RbKD) in murine osteoblasts causes them to express higher levels of PPAR-ɣ and other adipocyte-specific transcription factors while retaining high expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors, Runx2/Cbfa1 and SP7/Osterix. Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in osteoblasts is another mechanism that causes osteoblasts to transdifferentiate to adipocytes. We found that preosteoblasts exposed to osteoblast differentiating media (DP media) increased GJIC. RbKD cells showed reduced GJIC along with a reduction in expression of Cx43, the protein that mediates GJIC. Other membrane associated adhesion protein Cadherin 11 (Cad11) was also decreased. Since PPAR-ɣ is increased with Rb1 loss, we wondered if the reduction of this transcription factor would reverse the changes observed. Reduction of PPAR-ɣ in control osteoblasts slightly increased bone-specific expression and reduced adipocytic expression as expected along with an increase in Cad11 and Cx43 expression. GJIC remained high and was unaffected by a reduction in PPAR-ɣ in control cells. Knockdown of PPAR-ɣ in RbKD cells reduced adipocyte gene expression, while osteoblast-specific expression showed improvement. Cx43, Cad11 and GJIC remained unaffected by PPAR-ɣ reduction. Our observations suggest that increased PPAR-ɣ that happens with Rb1 loss only affects osteoblast-adipocyte-specific gene expression but does not completely reverse Cx43 gene expression or GJIC. Therefore, these effects may represent independent events triggered by Rb1loss and/or the differentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (E.P.); (A.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Anthony Ketner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (E.P.); (A.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Phil Ransick
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (P.R.); (D.A.)
| | - Doug Ardekani
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (P.R.); (D.A.)
| | - Thomas Bodenstine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (E.P.); (A.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Nalini Chandar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (E.P.); (A.K.); (T.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kakadia N, Vegad K, Kanaki N. Acacia arabica ( Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:711-717. [PMID: 35343656 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since ancient times Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. (AA) consumed for the bone and muscle related disorder like the bone fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone loss. OBJECTIVES To study the effects of the aqueous (AAA) and ethanolic extract (AAE) of AA on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, osteoclastic activity and bone matrix mineralization using in vitro primary bone-marrow cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Effect of AAA and AAE was estimated using four in vitro assays. Primary bone marrow cell culture, isolated from rat femur bone, was used for all the assays. Cell growth and viability were assessed by standard colorimetric assays like MTT assay. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblastic lineage was evaluated by the measuring the levels of the osteoblast-specific marker, alkaline phosphatase. Antiosteoclastic action and matrix mineralization were measured using TRAP assay and Alizarin red-s staining assay, respectively. RESULTS It indicates that AAA causes more increase in osteoblast differentiation and a reduction in osteoclast activity as compared to AAE. In osteoblast proliferation assay, AAA was found to promote more cell proliferation as compared to AAE. Higher concentrations of AAA significantly increased mineralization of bone-like matrix. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of AA have a significant positive influence on osteogenesis and they inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Hence, these extracts have the potential to be developed as a therapy for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Kakadia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunjal Vegad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Niranjan Kanaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osteocytic Connexin Hemichannels Modulate Oxidative Bone Microenvironment and Breast Cancer Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246343. [PMID: 34944962 PMCID: PMC8699531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cell types embedded in the mineral matrix, express connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels that play important roles in bone remodeling and osteocyte survival. Estrogen deficiency decreases osteocytic Cx43 hemichannel activity and causes a loss in osteocytes' resistance to oxidative stress (OS). In this study, we showed that OS reduced the growth of both human (MDA-MB-231) and murine (Py8119) breast cancer cells. However, co-culturing these cells with osteocytes reduced the inhibitory effect of OS on breast cancer cells, and this effect was ablated by the inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels. Py8119 cells were intratibially implanted in the bone marrow of ovariectomized (OVX) mice to determine the role of osteocytic Cx43 hemichannels in breast cancer bone metastasis in response to OS. Two transgenic mice overexpressing dominant-negative Cx43 mutants, R76W and Δ130-136, were adopted for this study; the former inhibits gap junctions while the latter inhibits gap junctions and hemichannels. Under normal conditions, Δ130-136 mice had significantly more tumor growth in bone than that in WT and R76W mice. OVX increased tumor growth in R76W but had no significant effect on WT mice. In contrast, OVX reduced tumor growth in Δ130-136 mice. To confirm the role of OS, WT and Δ130-136 mice were administered the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). NAC increased tumor burden and growth in Δ130-136 mice but not in WT mice. Together, the data suggest that osteocytes and Cx43 hemichannels play pivotal roles in modulating the oxidative microenvironment and breast cancer growth in the bone.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang B, Liu X. Osteon: Structure, Turnover, and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:261-278. [PMID: 33487116 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is composed of dense and solid cortical bone and honeycomb-like trabecular bone. Although cortical bone provides the majority of mechanical strength for a bone, there are few studies focusing on cortical bone repair or regeneration. Osteons (the Haversian system) form structural and functional units of cortical bone. In recent years, emerging evidences have shown that the osteon structure (including osteocytes, lamellae, lacunocanalicular network, and Haversian canals) plays critical roles in bone mechanics and turnover. Therefore, reconstruction of the osteon structure is crucial for cortical bone regeneration. This article provides a systematic summary of recent advances in osteons, including the structure, function, turnover, and regenerative strategies. First, the hierarchical structure of osteons is illustrated and the critical functions of osteons in bone dynamics are introduced. Next, the modeling and remodeling processes of osteons at a cellular level and the turnover of osteons in response to mechanical loading and aging are emphasized. Furthermore, several bioengineering approaches that were recently developed to recapitulate the osteon structure are highlighted. Impact statement This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in osteons, especially the roles in bone formation, remodeling, and regeneration. Besides introducing the hierarchical structure and critical functions of osteons, we elucidate the modeling and remodeling of osteons at a cellular level. Specifically, we highlight the bioengineering approaches that were recently developed to mimic the hierarchical structure of osteons. We expect that this review will provide informative insights and attract increasing attentions in orthopedic community, shedding light on cortical bone regeneration in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mansoorifar A, Gordon R, Bergan R, Bertassoni LE. Bone-on-a-chip: microfluidic technologies and microphysiologic models of bone tissue. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2006796. [PMID: 35422682 PMCID: PMC9007546 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an active organ that continuously undergoes an orchestrated process of remodeling throughout life. Bone tissue is uniquely capable of adapting to loading, hormonal, and other changes happening in the body, as well as repairing bone that becomes damaged to maintain tissue integrity. On the other hand, diseases such as osteoporosis and metastatic cancers disrupt normal bone homeostasis leading to compromised function. Historically, our ability to investigate processes related to either physiologic or diseased bone tissue has been limited by traditional models that fail to emulate the complexity of native bone. Organ-on-a-chip models are based on technological advances in tissue engineering and microfluidics, enabling the reproduction of key features specific to tissue microenvironments within a microfabricated device. Compared to conventional in-vitro and in-vivo bone models, microfluidic models, and especially organs-on-a-chip platforms, provide more biomimetic tissue culture conditions, with increased predictive power for clinical assays. In this review, we will report microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip technologies designed for understanding the biology of bone as well as bone-related diseases and treatments. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current models and point toward future directions for microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies in bone research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mansoorifar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Pan J, Jing W. Motivating role of type H vessels in bone regeneration. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12874. [PMID: 33448495 PMCID: PMC7507571 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis has an important role in both normal bone injury repair and successful application of tissue‐engineered bone for bone defect repair. Type H blood vessels are specialized microvascular components that are closely related to the speed of bone healing. Interactions between type H endothelial cells and osteoblasts, and high expression of CD31 and EMCN render the environment surrounding these blood vessels rich in factors conducive to osteogenesis and promote the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Type H vessels are mainly distributed in the metaphysis of bone and densely surrounded by Runx2+ and Osterix+ osteoprogenitors. Several other factors, including hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, Notch, platelet‐derived growth factor type BB, and slit guidance ligand 3 are involved in the coupling of type H vessel formation and osteogenesis. In this review, we summarize the identification and distribution of type H vessels and describe the mechanism for type H vessel‐mediated modulation of osteogenesis. Type H vessels provide new insights for detection of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the crosstalk between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. As a result, more feasible therapeutic approaches for treatment of bone defects by targeting type H vessels may be applied in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu R, Li Z, Song E, Hu P, Yang Q, Hu Y, Liu H, Jin A. LncRNA HOTTIP enhances human osteogenic BMSCs differentiation via interaction with WDR5 and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:1037-1043. [PMID: 32067741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To uncover the underlying molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA in the osteogenic differentiation process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) was selected by using a lncRNA microarray assay. Results showed that HOTTIP was significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs. Downregulation of HOTTIP by shRNA inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overexpression of HOTTIP by lentiviral vector promoted human BMSCs osteogenic differentiation by increasing the transcription of β-catenin. RIP assay and RNA pulldown assay confirmed the interaction between HOTTIP and WDR5, a transcription factor binding to the promoter of β-catenin. The interaction promoted the translocation of WDR5 into the nucleus and increased the transcription of β-catenin. Implanted HOTTIP-overexpressing BMSCs increased ectopic bone formation in nude mice. HOTTIP is a conservative long noncoding RNA that is essential for osteogenic differentiation of BMSC. HOTTIP enhances osteogenic differentiation via interaction with WDR5 and up-regulation of β-catenin gene expression, therefore activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiduan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Enhong Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Panyong Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Anmin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kopiczko A. Bone mineral density in old age: the influence of age at menarche, menopause status and habitual past and present physical activity. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:657-665. [PMID: 32399115 PMCID: PMC7212225 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.81314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, the hypothesis that bone mineral density (BMD) of peri-, pre- and postmenopausal women is associated with the current level of habitual physical activity, as well as past physical activity, at the age of building peak bone mass, was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 500 Polish women aged 40 to 70. For the assessment of BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) the densitometry method (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) of the forearm bone was used. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the present level of physical activity. The assessment of past physical activity was related to adolescence. RESULTS There was a significant, strong influence on the norm BMD in the distal forearm sections values in the distal forearm sections of such variables as: older age of the first menstruation (OR = 1.37; p = 0.002), sufficient present physical activity (OR = 1.57; p = 0.001), and particularly high past physical activity (OR = 6.77; p = 0.003). Significantly lower chances for the norm BMD dis were found in women with the oldest hormonal status (OR = 0.09; p < 0.001). In the proximal segment, the analogous conditions of the norm BMD, and in addition the chances for good mineralization, were increased by higher body mass index (OR = 1.11; p < 0.001). Sufficient present activity increased the chances of good forearm mineralization in the proximal part more than four times (OR = 4.2; p < 0.001), and a high level of past physical activity increased these chances several dozen times (OR = 69.9; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity proved to be one of the most important factors determining the statistically significant correct mineralization of bone tissue of women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopiczko
- Department of Anthropology and Health Promotion, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng Y, Wu S, Li Y, Crane JL. Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling. Theranostics 2020; 10:426-436. [PMID: 31903130 PMCID: PMC6929606 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian skeletal system, osteogenesis and angiogenesis are intimately linked during bone growth and regeneration in bone modeling and during bone homeostasis in bone remodeling. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for coupling angiogenesis and bone formation. Type H vessels, termed such because of high expression of Endomucin (Emcn) and CD31, have recently been identified and have the ability to induce bone formation. Factors including platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB), slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), Notch, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of signaling pathways that regulate type H vessels and how type H vessels modulate osteogenesis. Further studies dissecting the regulation and function of type H vessels will provide new insights into the role of bone vasculature in the metabolism of the skeleton. We also discuss considerations for therapeutic approaches targeting type H vessels to promote fracture healing, prevent pathological bone loss, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41000, China
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu L, Shen L, Yu X, Li P, Wang Q, Li C. Effects of irisin on osteoblast apoptosis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats through upregulating Nrf2 and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1084-1090. [PMID: 32010273 PMCID: PMC6966163 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/NLR family, pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) plays an important role in osteoporosis (OP), so the effects of irisin on postmenopausal OP rats and osteoblast apoptosis through Nrf2/NLRP3 were explored in the present study. A total of 45 specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided into OP model group (OP group, n=15), 1 mmol/l irisin treatment group (irisin group, n=15) and normal control group (control group, n=15). After the trial period, the content of serum ALP was detected, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum and bone tissues were observed via ELISA, and the bone microstructure was observed via CT. Osteoblast apoptosis was determined through TUNEL assay, the content of apoptosis genes caspase-3 and Bcl-2, and key genes in Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OC), Nrf2 and NLRP3 was detected via RT-PCR. The protein expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2 and NLRP3 was determined via western blotting. The serum ALP level was increased in OP group compared with that in control group (P<0.05), while it declined in the irisin group. The content of TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly higher in OP group, while the content in the irisin group was close to that in the control group. The trabecular thickness, number and bone mineral density in the irisin group were all obviously larger and higher, respectively, than those in the OP group. The mRNA expression of Runx2, OC, Bcl-2 and Nrf2 in the irisin group were obviously higher (P<0.05), while that of caspase-3 and NLRP3 showed the opposite trends. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Nrf2 in the irisin group was remarkably higher than those in the OP group, while that of NLRP3 was the opposite. irisin can upregulate Nrf2, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and lower the content of inflammatory factors, thereby suppressing osteoblast apoptosis in postmenopausal OP rats and reducing the incidence of postmenopausal OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Doxycycline, a member of the tetracycline family, is a drug used as an antibiotic (dosage of 100 mg/day) and as an anti-inflammatory drug on the dosage of 20 mg twice a day, this use has Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor action. Doxycycline is a calcium chelator and therefore interferes in bone remodeling. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the drug doxycycline in the control of osteopenia. Sixty three Wistars rats were divided into 9 groups with n = 7 each, as follow: the control group with doxycycline 10 mg/kg/day (C10), control with doxycycline 30 mg/kg/day (C30) and control (C), ovariectomized group with doxycycline 10 mg/kg/day (OVX10), ovariectomized with doxycycline 30 mg/kg/day (OVX30), and ovariectomized with water (OVX), sedentary group with 10 mg/kg/day (Se10), sedentary with doxycycline 30 mg/kg/day (Se30), and sedentary group with water (Se). Left femoral bone was used for bone densitometry, right femoral bone for histological analysis. The right tibia was intended for chemical quantifications, the total serum was used for cholesterol and calcium quantification. The length of the left femoral bone was measured after the densitometry analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate general linear model (ANOVA two factors with Bonferroni adjustment) and the TRAP analysis was subjected to normality test and then were subjected to nonparametric test, both with p < 0.05 significance. Statistically significant differences were found, with better results for the groups exposed to the medication (10 and 30 mg/kg/day): Se vs. Se10 and Se vs. Se30 for BMC, quantification of magnesium, amount of cancellous bone in the distal portion; OVX vs. OVX10 for BMC, BMD and calcium in serum; OVX vs. OVX10 and OVX30 for quantification in proximal and distal portion of cancellous bone; Se vs. Se30 and OVX vs. OVX30 for immunostaining for TRAP, all results with minimum of p ≤ 0.05. Doxycycline had a deleterious effect on control groups and positive action for bone organization on female rats affected by bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopes D, Martins-Cruz C, Oliveira MB, Mano JF. Bone physiology as inspiration for tissue regenerative therapies. Biomaterials 2018; 185:240-275. [PMID: 30261426 PMCID: PMC6445367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development, maintenance of healthy bone and regeneration of injured tissue in the human body comprise a set of intricate and finely coordinated processes. However, an analysis of current bone regeneration strategies shows that only a small fraction of well-reported bone biology aspects has been used as inspiration and transposed into the development of therapeutic products. Specific topics that include inter-scale bone structural organization, developmental aspects of bone morphogenesis, bone repair mechanisms, role of specific cells and heterotypic cell contact in the bone niche (including vascularization networks and immune system cells), cell-cell direct and soluble-mediated contact, extracellular matrix composition (with particular focus on the non-soluble fraction of proteins), as well as mechanical aspects of native bone will be the main reviewed topics. In this Review we suggest a systematic parallelization of (i) fundamental well-established biology of bone, (ii) updated and recent advances on the understanding of biological phenomena occurring in native and injured tissue, and (iii) critical discussion of how those individual aspects have been translated into tissue regeneration strategies using biomaterials and other tissue engineering approaches. We aim at presenting a perspective on unexplored aspects of bone physiology and how they could be translated into innovative regeneration-driven concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago,, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago,, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago,, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago,, 3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An S. The emerging role of extracellular Ca
2+
in osteo/odontogenic differentiation and the involvement of intracellular Ca
2+
signaling: From osteoblastic cells to dental pulp cells and odontoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2169-2193. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng An
- Department of Operative Dentistry and EndodonticsGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Loss of murine Gfi1 causes neutropenia and induces osteoporosis depending on the pathogen load and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198510. [PMID: 29879182 PMCID: PMC5991660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi1 is a key molecule in hematopoietic lineage development and mutations in GFI1 cause severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Neutropenia is associated with low bone mass, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. Using Gfi1 knock-out mice (Gfi1-ko/ko) as SCN model, we studied the relationship between neutropenia and bone mass upon different pathogen load conditions. Our analysis reveals that Gfi1-ko/ko mice kept under strict specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions demonstrate normal bone mass and survival. However, Gfi1-ko/ko mice with early (nonSPF) or late (SPF+nonSPF) pathogen exposure develop low bone mass. Gfi1-ko/ko mice demonstrate a striking rise of systemic inflammatory markers according to elevated pathogen exposure and reduced bone mass. Elevated inflammatory cytokines include for instance Il-1b, Il-6, and Tnf-alpha that regulate osteoclast development. We conclude that low bone mass, due to low neutrophil counts, is caused by the degree of systemic inflammation promoting osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Sharma T, Chen IP, Reichenberger E, Ueki Y, Arif Y, Parisi D, Maye P. Rescue of a cherubism bone marrow stromal culture phenotype by reducing TGFβ signaling. Bone 2018; 111. [PMID: 29530719 PMCID: PMC5924722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We utilized a bone marrow stromal culture system to investigate changes in TGFβ signaling in a mouse model for cherubism (Sh3bp2KI/KI). Interestingly, bone marrow cultures derived from cherubism mice not only displayed impaired osteoblast differentiation, but also had spontaneous osteoclast formation. PAI1, a target gene of TGFβ signaling, was elevated 2-fold in cherubism CD11b-,CD45- cells compared to wild type cells, while the expression of BAMBI, an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, was down-regulated. We also discovered that treatment of cherubism cultures with antagonists of the TGFβ signaling pathway could largely rescue osteoblast differentiation and markedly reduce spontaneous osteoclast formation. Treatment with the type I TGFβ receptor small molecule inhibitor SB505124 increased osteoblast reporter gene Col1a1-2.3 expression 24-fold and increased the expression of osteoblast gene markers Osterix (Sp7) 25-fold, Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) 7-fold, Osteocalcin (Bglap1) 100-fold, and Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1) 35-fold. In contrast, SB505124 treatment resulted in a significant reductions in osteoclast number and size. Gene expression analyses for RANKL, a positive regulator of osteoclast formation was 2.5-fold higher in osteoblast cultures derived from Sh3bp2KI/KI mice compared to wild type cultures, whereas OPG, an inhibitor of RANKL was 5-fold lower. However, SB505124 treatment reduced RANKL almost back down to wild type levels, while increasing OPG expression. Our studies also implicate a role for TGFβ ligands in the etiology of cherubism. Blocking of TGFβ ligands with the monoclonal antibody 1D11 increased Col1a1-2.3 reporter expression 4-fold and 13-fold in cultures derived from Sh3bp2KI/+ and Sh3bp2KI/KI mice, respectively. Serum levels of latent TGFβ1 were also 2-fold higher in SH3BP2KI/KI mice compared to wild type littermates. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that elevated levels of TGFβ signaling may contribute to the disease phenotype of cherubism and a reduction in pathway activity may be an effective therapeutic approach to treat this rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Liu
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Tulika Sharma
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington CT, United States
| | - Ernst Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yasuyoshi Ueki
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Yumna Arif
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Daniel Parisi
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Peter Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Chen Y, Ge W, Tang P. Involvement of serum-derived exosomes of elderly patients with bone loss in failure of bone remodeling via alteration of exosomal bone-related proteins. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12758. [PMID: 29603567 PMCID: PMC5946082 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted into the blood by various types of cells. These extracellular vesicles are involved in the contribution of exosomal proteins to osteoblastic or osteoclastic regulatory networks during the failure of bone remodeling, which results in age-related bone loss. However, the molecular changes in serum-derived exosomes (SDEs) from aged patients with low bone density and their functions in bone remodeling remain to be fully elucidated. We present a quantitative proteomics analysis of exosomes purified from the serum of the elderly patients with osteoporosis/osteopenia and normal volunteers; these data are available via Proteome Xchange with the identifier PXD006463. Overall, 1,371 proteins were identified with an overlap of 1,160 Gene IDs among the ExoCarta proteins. Bioinformatics analysis and in vitro studies suggested that protein changes in SDEs of osteoporosis patients are not only involved in suppressing the integrin-mediated mechanosensation and activation of osteoblastic cells, but also trigger the differentiation and resorption of osteoclasts. In contrast, the main changes in SDEs of osteopenia patients facilitated both activation of osteoclasts and formation of new bone mass, which could result in a compensatory elevation in bone remodeling. While the SDEs from aged normal volunteers might play a protective role in bone health through facilitating adhesion of bone cells and suppressing aging-associated oxidative stress. This information will be helpful in elucidating the pathophysiological functions of SDEs and aid in the development of senile osteoporosis diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Bone regeneration is very important for the recovery of some diseases including osteoporosis and bone fracture trauma. It is a multiple-step- and multiple-gene-involved complex process, including the matrix secretion and calcium mineralization by osteoblasts differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the absorption of calcium and phosphorus by osteoclasts differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of transcripts longer than 200 nt without or with very low protein-coding potential. Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are widely involved in the regulation of lineage commitment and differentiation of stem cells through multiple mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize the roles and molecular mechanism of lncRNAs including H19, MALAT1, MODR, HOTAIR, DANCR, MEG3, HoxA-AS3, and MIAT in osteogenesis ossification; lncRNA ZBED3-AS1 and CTA-941F9.9, DANCR, and HIT in chondrogenic differentiation; and lncRNA DANCR in osteoclast differentiation. These findings will facilitate the development and application of novel molecular drugs which regulate the balance of bone formation and absorption.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim MH, Lee HJ, Park JC, Hong J, Yang WM. Zanthoxylum piperitum reversed alveolar bone loss of periodontitis via regulation of bone remodeling-related factors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:137-142. [PMID: 27777167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) has been used to prevent toothache in East Asia. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we investigated the effects of ZP on periodontitis along with alveolar bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups; non-ligated (NOR), ligated and treated vehicle (CTR), ligated and treated 1mg/mL ZP (ZP1), and ligated and treated 100mg/mL ZP (ZP100). Sterilized 3-0 nylon ligature was placed into the subgingival sulcus around the both sides of mandibular first molar. After topical application of 1 and 100mg/mL ZP for 2 weeks, mandibles was removed for histology. In addition, SaOS-2 osteoblast cells were treated 1, 10 and 100μg/mL ZP for 24h to analyze the expressions of alveolar bone-related markers. RESULTS Several alveolar bone resorption pits, which indicate cementum demineralization were decreased by ZP treatment. Topical ZP treatment inhibited periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss. In addition, there were significant reduction of osteoclastic activities following topical ZP treatment in periodontium. The expression of RANKL was decreased in SaOS-2 osteoblast cells by treating ZP, while that of OPG was increased. ZP treatment increased the expressions of Runx2 and Osterix in SaOS-2 cells. CONCLUSION In summary, ZP treatment inhibited alveolar bone loss as well as maintained the integrity of periodontal structures via regulation of bone remodeling. ZP may be a therapeutic target for treating periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Lee
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakamoto A, Kuroda Y, Kanzaki S, Matsuo K. Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28117786 PMCID: PMC5408703 DOI: 10.3791/55054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammals, auditory ossicles in the middle ear, including the malleus, incus and stapes, are the smallest bones. In mice, a bony structure called the auditory bulla houses the ossicles, whereas the auditory capsule encloses the inner ear, namely the cochlea and semicircular canals. Murine ossicles are essential for hearing and thus of great interest to researchers in the field of otolaryngology, but their metabolism, development, and evolution are highly relevant to other fields. Altered bone metabolism can affect hearing function in adult mice, and various gene-deficient mice show changes in morphogenesis of auditory ossicles in utero. Although murine auditory ossicles are tiny, their manipulation is feasible if one understands their anatomical orientation and 3D structure. Here, we describe how to dissect the auditory bulla and capsule of postnatal mice and then isolate individual ossicles by removing part of the bulla. We also discuss how to embed the bulla and capsule in different orientations to generate paraffin or frozen sections suitable for preparation of longitudinal, horizontal, or frontal sections of the malleus. Finally, we enumerate anatomical differences between mouse and human auditory ossicles. These methods would be useful in analyzing pathological, developmental and evolutionary aspects of auditory ossicles and the middle ear in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yukiko Kuroda
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin X, Zhu L, Li X, Jia J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Ma J, Liu Z, Ma X. Low‑molecular weight fucoidan inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and reduces osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:890-898. [PMID: 28000877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a type of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from seaweed. The present study used ovariectomized Sprague‑Dawley rats, which were treated with fucoidan. The effects of fucoidan on bone metabolism, density and microarchitecture were assessed using micro‑computed tomography (CT), histomorphometric analysis, biochemical markers of bone metabolism (Serum procollagen type I N propeptide and C‑terminal telopeptide‑1) and tests of mechanical competence of the femur. In addition, the effects of low‑molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) on in vitro cultured osteoclasts were examined, in order to determine the mechanisms underlying LMWF‑induced osteoclastic inhibition. In ovariectomized rats, LMWF increased femoral bone density. Micro‑CT scan also revealed that LMWF prevented microarchitectural deterioration and histomorphometric analysis determined that LMWF increased trabecular bone number and reduced the surface of bone resorption. In addition, LMWF reduced the high bone turnover rate, and improved the mechanical properties of the femur in ovariectomized rats. In vitro experiments revealed that LMWF inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony‑stimulating factor‑induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‑positive osteoclasts, and reduced the bone resorption surface of the osteoclasts. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that LMWF inhibited mRNA expression of TRAP, matrix metallopeptidase‑9, nuclear activator of activated T‑cells 1, and osteoclast‑associated immunoglobulin‑like receptor, which are components of the signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation. LMWF had no effect on RANK mRNA expression. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that LMWF inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and may be a potential treatment for osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Orthopedics Department, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Li
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jia
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojie Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Ge W, Tang P. The roles of bone-derived exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in regulating bone remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1033-1041. [PMID: 27878944 PMCID: PMC5387131 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological destructive bone diseases are primarily caused by the failure of a lifelong self-renewal process of the skeletal system called bone remodelling. The mechanisms underlying this process include enhanced osteoclast activity and decreased generation of the osteoblast lineage. Intercellular interaction and crosstalk among these cell types are crucial for the maintenance of bone remodelling, either through the secretion of growth factors or direct cell-cell physical engagement. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes derived from bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts and their precursors, play pivotal roles on bone remodelling by transferring biologically active molecules to target cells, especially in the processes of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Here, we review the contents of bone-derived exosomes and their functions in the regulatory processes of differentiation and communication of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. In addition, we highlight the characteristics of microRNAs of bone-derived exosomes involved in the regulation of bone remodelling, as well as the potential clinical applications of bone-derived exosomes in bone remodelling disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Osteocytic connexin hemichannels suppress breast cancer growth and bone metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5597-5607. [PMID: 27041582 PMCID: PMC5050050 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the skeleton is one of predominant sites for breast cancer metastasis, why breast cancer cells often become dormant after homing to bone is not well understood. Here, we reported an intrinsic self-defense mechanism of bone cells against breast cancer cells: a critical role of connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannels in osteocytes in the suppression of breast cancer bone metastasis. Cx43 hemichannels allow passage of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments. The treatment of bisphosphonate drugs, either alendronate (ALN) or zoledronic acid (ZOL), opened Cx43 hemichannels in osteocytes. Conditioned media (CM) collected from MLO-Y4 osteocyte cells treated with bisphosphonates inhibited the anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and Py8119 mouse mammary carcinoma cells and this inhibitory effect was attenuated with Cx43(E2), a specific hemichannel blocking antibody. The opening of osteocytic Cx43 hemichannels by mechanical stimulation had similar inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells and this inhibition was attenuated by Cx43(E2) antibody as well. These inhibitory effects on cancer cells were mediated by ATP released from osteocyte Cx43 hemichannels. Furthermore, both Cx43 osteocyte-specific knockout mice and osteocyte-specific Δ130–136 transgenic mice with impaired Cx43 gap junctions and hemichannels showed significantly increased tumor growth and attenuated the inhibitory effect of ZOL. However, R76W transgenic mice with functional hemichannels but not gap junctions in osteocytes did not display a significant difference. Together, our studies establish the specific inhibitory role of osteocytic Cx43 hemichannels, and exploiting the activity of this channel could serve as a de novo therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsui H, Nakatani Y, Yoshida H, Takizawa A, Takeuchi O, Øverby A, Takahashi T, Murayama SY, Matsuo K. Flesh-eatingStreptococcus pyogenestriggers the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1390-404. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsui
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Yuriko Nakatani
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- National Center for Child Health and Development; 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku Tokyo 157-8535 Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Asako Takizawa
- Biomedical Laboratory, Biochemical Research Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8642 Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Biochemical Research Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8642 Japan
| | - Anders Øverby
- Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Somay Y. Murayama
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Nihon University School of Pharmacy; 7-7-1 Narashinodai Funabashi-shi Chiba 274-8555 Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology; Keio University School of Medicine; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nango N, Kubota S, Hasegawa T, Yashiro W, Momose A, Matsuo K. Osteocyte-directed bone demineralization along canaliculi. Bone 2016; 84:279-288. [PMID: 26709236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton stores calcium and phosphate ions in bone matrix. Osteocytes in osteocyte lacunae extend numerous dendrites into canaliculi less than a micron in diameter and which are distributed throughout bone matrix. Although osteoclasts are the primary bone-resorbing cells, osteocytes also reportedly dissolve hydroxyapatite at peri-lacunar bone matrix. However, robust three-dimensional evidence for peri-canalicular bone mineral dissolution has been lacking. Here we applied a previously reported Talbot-defocus multiscan tomography method for synchrotron X-ray microscopy and analyzed the degree of bone mineralization in mouse cortical bone around the lacuno-canalicular network, which is connected both to blood vessels and the peri- and endosteum. We detected cylindrical low mineral density regions spreading around canaliculi derived from a subset of osteocytes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed both intact and demineralized bone matrix around the canaliculus. Peri-canalicular low mineral density regions were also observed in osteopetrotic mice lacking osteoclasts, indicating that osteoclasts are dispensable for peri-canalicular demineralization. These data suggest demineralization can occur from within bone through the canalicular system, and that peri-canalicular demineralization occurs not uniformly but directed by individual osteocytes. Blockade of peri-canalicular demineralization may be a therapeutic strategy to increase bone mass and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito Nango
- Ratoc System Engineering Co., Ltd, Tokyo 112-0014, Japan.
| | - Shogo Kubota
- Ratoc System Engineering Co., Ltd, Tokyo 112-0014, Japan.
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Wataru Yashiro
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Momose
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim JH, Lee DE, Woo GH, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Osteocytic Sclerostin Expression in Alveolar Bone in Rats With Diabetes Mellitus and Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1005-11. [PMID: 25855571 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteocytic sclerostin inhibits bone formation, and its expression is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. This study investigates sclerostin and TNF-α expression in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis. METHODS Rats were divided into control (C), periodontitis (P), and DM + periodontitis (DP) groups. After induction of DM by streptozotocin, periodontitis was induced by ligature. At day 0 (control) and at days 3 and 20 after induction of periodontitis, alveolar bone, osteoclasts, osteoid area, and TNF-α and sclerostin expression were evaluated. RESULTS The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest of the DP group was longer than that of the P group at day 20 after induction of periodontitis, but the number of osteoclasts was not different. Osteoid area decreased in both the P and DP groups by day 3, but whereas sustained osteoid suppression was observed in the DP group at day 20, osteoid formation was increased in the P group. The number of sclerostin-positive osteocytes increased in both groups at day 3, but the increased number of sclerostin-positive osteocytes was maintained only in the DP group through day 20. The number of TNF-α-positive cells increased more in the DP group than in the P group. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced alveolar bone loss, suppressed bone formation, and prevalent TNF-α expression were characteristic of the DP group compared with the P group. Suppressed bone formation in the DP group was observed simultaneously with increased sclerostin and TNF-α expression. These results suggest that upregulated osteocytic sclerostin expression in periodontitis accompanied by DM may play a role in suppressed bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Department of Clinical Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou JZ, Riquelme MA, Gao X, Ellies LG, Sun LZ, Jiang JX. Differential impact of adenosine nucleotides released by osteocytes on breast cancer growth and bone metastasis. Oncogene 2015; 34:1831-42. [PMID: 24837364 PMCID: PMC4315766 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP has been shown to either inhibit or promote cancer growth and migration; however, the mechanism underlying this discrepancy remained elusive. Here we demonstrate the divergent roles of ATP and adenosine released by bone osteocytes on breast cancers. We showed that conditioned media (CM) collected from osteocytes treated with alendronate (AD), a bisphosphonate drug, inhibited the migration of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Removal of the extracellular ATP by apyrase in CM abolished this effect, suggesting the involvement of ATP. ATP exerted its inhibitory effect through the activation of purinergic P2X receptor signaling in breast cancer cells evidenced by the attenuation of the inhibition by an antagonist, oxidized ATP, as well as knocking down P2X7 with small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the inhibition of migration by an agonist, BzATP. Intriguingly, ATP had a biphasic effect on breast cancer cells-lower dosage inhibited but higher dosage promoted its migration. The stimulatory effect on migration was blocked by an adenosine receptor antagonist, MRS1754, ARL67156, an ecto-ATPase inhibitor, and A2A receptor siRNA, suggesting that in contrast to ATP, adenosine, a metabolic product of ATP, promoted migration of breast cancer cells. Consistently, non-hydrolyzable ATP, ATPγS, only inhibited but did not promote cancer cell migration. ATP also had a similar inhibitory effect on the Py8119 mouse mammary carcinoma cells; however, adenosine had no effect owing to the absence of the A2A receptor. Consistently, ATPγS inhibited, whereas adenosine promoted anchorage-independent growth of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our in vivo xenograft study showed a significant delay of tumor growth with the treatment of ATPγS. Moreover, the extent of bone metastasis in a mouse intratibial model was significantly reduced with the treatment of ATPγS. Together, our results suggest the distinct roles of ATP and adenosine released by osteocytes and the activation of corresponding receptors P2X7 and A2A signaling on breast cancer cell growth, migration and bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Z. Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Manuel A. Riquelme
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063, USA
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kong X, Wu W, Yang Y, Wan H, Li X, Zhong M, Zhao H, Su X, Jia S, Ju D, Lin N. Total saponin from Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt abrogates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption via the inhibition of RANKL-induced NF-κB, JNK and p38 MAPKs activation. J Transl Med 2015; 13:91. [PMID: 25889035 PMCID: PMC4372222 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, bone-specialized multinucleated cells, are responsible for bone destructive diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Natural plant-derived products have received substantial attention given their potential therapeutic and preventive activities against bone destructive diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of total saponin (TS) from Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt, on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced in vitro osteoclast differentiation. We observed that TS concentration-dependently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation from RAW 264.7 cell and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), as well as decreased extent of actin ring formation and lacunar resorption. The RANKL-stimulated expression of osteoclast-related transcription factors were also diminished by TS. Moreover, TS blocked the RANKL-triggered TRAF6 expression, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and IκB-α, and inhibited NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity. Furthermore, TS almost abrogated the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1) and c-Fos expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that TS suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone loss via the down-regulation of TRAF6 level, suppression of JNK and p38 MAPKs and NF-κB activation, and subsequent decreased expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Therefore, TS may be a potential agent and needs to be more evaluated in vivo or in clinical trials to become a therapeutic for lytic bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongye Wan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Michun Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shiwei Jia
- Guangzhou Kanghe Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Guangzhou, 511440, China.
| | - Dahong Ju
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferrucci L, Baroni M, Ranchelli A, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Mecocci P, Ruggiero C. Interaction between bone and muscle in older persons with mobility limitations. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3178-97. [PMID: 24050165 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of bone-muscle mass and strength. When the decline in mass and strength reaches critical thresholds associated with adverse health outcomes, they are operationally considered geriatric conditions and named, respectively, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia share many of the same risk factors and both directly or indirectly cause higher risk of mobility limitations, falls, fractures and disability in activities of daily living. This is not surprising since bones adapt their morphology and strength to the long-term loads exerted by muscle during anti-gravitational and physical activities. Non-mechanical systemic and local factors also modulate the mechanostat effect of muscle on bone by affecting the bidirectional osteocyte-muscle crosstalk, but the specific pathways that regulate these homeostatic mechanisms are not fully understood. More research is required to reach a consensus on cut points in bone and muscle parameters that identify individuals at high risk for adverse health outcomes, including falls, fractures and disability. A better understanding of the muscle-bone physiological interaction may help to develop preventive strategies that reduce the burden of musculoskeletal diseases, the consequent disability in older persons and to limit the financial burden associated with such conditions. In this review, we summarize age-related bone-muscle changes focusing on the biomechanical and homeostatic mechanisms that explain bone-muscle interaction and we speculate about possible pathological events that occur when these mechanisms become impaired. We also report some recent definitions of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that have emerged in the literature and their implications in clinical practice. Finally, we outline the current evidence for the efficacy of available anti-osteoporotic and proposed antisarcopenic interventions in older persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Ruggiero
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06100, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JH, Lee DE, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand and Sclerostin Expression in Osteocytes of Alveolar Bone in Rats With Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e370-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
31
|
Wang Y, Menendez A, Fong C, ElAlieh HZ, Chang W, Bikle DD. Ephrin B2/EphB4 mediates the actions of IGF-I signaling in regulating endochondral bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1900-13. [PMID: 24677183 PMCID: PMC4108521 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin B2/EphB4 mediates interactions among osteoblasts (OBs), osteoclasts (OCLs), and chondrocytes to regulate their differentiation. We investigated the role of ephrin B2/EphB4 signaling in mediating the anabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on those cells and overall endochondral bone formation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of ephrin B2 in OBs, OCLs, and osteocytes, and the expression of EphB4 in OBs and osteocytes was dramatically decreased in global IGF-I knockout mice. Inactivation of EphB4 by EphB4 small, interfering RNA (siRNA) in cultured bone marrow stromal cells significantly decreased the mRNA levels of OB differentiation markers and abolished the stimulatory effects of IGF-I on these markers. Blocking the interaction of EphB4 and ephrin B2 in the OB-OCL cocultures with the EphB4 specific peptide TNYL-RAW or deletion of ephrin B2 in OCL prior to coculture led to fewer and smaller tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells, decreased expression of OB differentiation markers, and blunted response to IGF-I for both OCL and OB differentiation. In the growth plate, both ephrin B2 and EphB4 are expressed in late stage proliferating and prehypertrophic chondrocytes, and their expression was decreased in mice lacking the IGF-I receptor specifically in chondrocytes. In vitro, blocking the interaction of EphB4 and ephrin B2 in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells with TNYL-RAW significantly decreased both basal and IGF1-induced expression of type II and type X collagen. In the cocultures of ATDC5 cells and spleen cells (osteoclast precursors), TNYL-RAW decreased the numbers of TRAP-positive cells and the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), and blocked their stimulation by IGF-I. Our data indicate that IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling promotes OB, OCL, and chondrocyte differentiation via ephrin B2/EphB4 mediated cell-cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Endocrine Unit, University of California, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Siebuhr AS, He Y, Gudmann NS, Gram A, Kjelgaard-Petersen CF, Qvist P, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC. Biomarkers of cartilage and surrounding joint tissue. Biomark Med 2014; 8:713-31. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and clinical demonstration of efficacy and safety of osteo- and chondro-protective drugs are met with certain difficulties. During the last few decades, the pharmaceutical industry has, in the field of rheumatology, experienced disappointments associated with the development of disease modification. Today, the vast amount of patients suffering from serious, chronic joint diseases can only be offered treatments aimed at improving symptoms, such as pain and acute inflammation, and are not aimed at protecting the joint tissue. This huge, unmet medical need has been the driver behind the development of improved analytical techniques allowing better and more efficient clinical trial design, implementation and analysis. With this review, we aim to provide a brief and general overview of biochemical markers of joint tissue, with special focus on neoepitopes. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies applying biochemical markers in joint degenerative diseases. These disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathies, are the most predominant disorders in Europe and the USA, and have enormous socioeconomical impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Siebuhr
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Yi He
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Natasja S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Aurelie Gram
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | | | - Per Qvist
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Anne C Bay-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun SX, Guo HH, Zhang J, Yu B, Sun KN, Jin QH. BMP-2 and titanium particles synergistically activate osteoclast formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:461-9. [PMID: 24820069 PMCID: PMC4086172 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A previous study showed that BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) and wear debris can
separately support osteoclast formation induced by the receptor activator of NF-κB
ligand (RANKL). However, the effect of BMP-2 on wear debris-induced osteoclast
formation is unclear. In this study, we show that neither titanium particles nor
BMP-2 can induce osteoclast formation in RAW 264.7 mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage
cells but that BMP-2 synergizes with titanium particles to enhance osteoclast
formation in the presence of RANKL, and that at a low concentration, BMP-2 has an
optimal effect to stimulate the size and number of multinuclear osteoclasts,
expression of osteoclast genes, and resorption area. Our data also clarify that the
effects caused by the increase in BMP-2 on phosphorylated SMAD levels such as c-Fos
expression increased throughout the early stages of osteoclastogenesis. BMP-2 and
titanium particles stimulate the expression of p-JNK, p-P38, p-IkB, and P50 compared
with the titanium group. These data suggested that BMP-2 may be a crucial factor in
titanium particle-mediated osteoclast formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S X Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - H H Guo
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - B Yu
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - K N Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Q H Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim JH, Lee DE, Gunawardhana KSND, Choi SH, Woo GH, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Effect of the interaction between periodontitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus on alveolar bone, mandibular condyle and tibia. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:265-73. [PMID: 23931568 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.822551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of the interaction between periodontitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus on alveolar bone, mandibular condyle and tibia in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into normal, periodontitis, diabetic and diabetic with periodontitis groups. After injection of streptozotocin to induce diabetes, periodontitis was induced by ligation of both lower-side first molars for 30 days. Alveolar bone loss and trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF) of the mandibular condyle and tibia were estimated via hematoxylin and eosin staining and micro-computed tomography, respectively. Osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow cells isolated from tibia and femur was assayed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. RESULTS The cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest distance and ratio of periodontal ligament area in the diabetic with periodontitis group were significantly increased compared to those of the periodontitis group. Mandibular condyle BVF did not differ among groups. The BVF of tibia in the diabetic and diabetic with periodontitis groups was lower than that of the normal and periodontitis groups. Osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow cells in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the non-diabetic groups. However, the BVF of tibia and osteoclastogenesis in the diabetic with periodontitis group were not significantly different than those in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes mellitus aggravates alveolar bone loss induced by periodontitis, but periodontitis does not alter the mandibular condyle and tibia bone loss induced by diabetes. Alveolar bone, mandibular condyle and tibia may have different responses to bone loss stimuli in the diabetic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marriott I. Apoptosis-associated uncoupling of bone formation and resorption in osteomyelitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:101. [PMID: 24392356 PMCID: PMC3867676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the destruction of bone tissue in osteomyelitis are only now being elucidated. While some of the tissue damage associated with osteomyelitis likely results from the direct actions of bacteria and infiltrating leukocytes, perhaps exacerbated by bacterial manipulation of leukocyte survival pathways, infection-induced bone loss predominantly results from an uncoupling of the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bacteria or their products can directly increase osteoclast formation and activity, and the inflammatory milieu at sites of infection can further promote bone resorption. In addition, osteoclast activity is critically regulated by osteoblasts that can respond to bacterial pathogens and foster both inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, bone loss during osteomyelitis is also brought about by a decline in new bone deposition due to decreased bone matrix synthesis and by increased rates of osteoblast apoptosis. Extracellular bacterial components may be sufficient to reduce osteoblast viability, but the causative agents of osteomyelitis are also capable of inducing continuous apoptosis of these cells by activating intrinsic and extrinsic cell death pathways to further uncouple bone formation and resorption. Interestingly, bacterial internalization appears to be required for maximal osteoblast apoptosis, and cytosolic inflammasome activation may act in concert with autocrine/paracrine death receptor-ligand signaling to induce cell death. The manipulation of apoptotic pathways in infected bone cells could be an attractive new means to limit inflammatory damage in osteomyelitis. However, the mechanism that is the most important in bacterium-induced bone loss has not yet been identified. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether the host would be best served by preventing osteoblast cell death or by promoting apoptosis in infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Marriott
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Andersen TL, Abdelgawad ME, Kristensen HB, Hauge EM, Rolighed L, Bollerslev J, Kjærsgaard-Andersen P, Delaisse JM. Understanding coupling between bone resorption and formation: are reversal cells the missing link? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:235-46. [PMID: 23747107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling requires bone resorption by osteoclasts, bone formation by osteoblasts, and a poorly investigated reversal phase coupling resorption to formation. Likely players of the reversal phase are the cells recruited into the lacunae vacated by the osteoclasts and presumably preparing these lacunae for bone formation. These cells, called herein reversal cells, cover >80% of the eroded surfaces, but their nature is not identified, and it is not known whether malfunction of these cells may contribute to bone loss in diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. Herein, we combined histomorphometry and IHC on human iliac biopsy specimens, and showed that reversal cells are immunoreactive for factors typically expressed by osteoblasts, but not for monocytic markers. Furthermore, a subpopulation of reversal cells showed several distinctive characteristics suggestive of an arrested physiological status. Their prevalence correlated with decreased trabecular bone volume and osteoid and osteoblast surfaces in postmenopausal osteoporosis. They were, however, virtually absent in primary hyperparathyroidism, in which the transition between bone resorption and formation occurs optimally. Collectively, our observations suggest that arrested reversal cells reflect aborted remodeling cycles that did not progress to the bone formation step. We, therefore, propose that bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis does not only result from a failure of the bone formation step, as commonly believed, but also from a failure at the reversal step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle-Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsiao HB, Lin H, Wu JB, Lin WC. Kinsenoside prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by regulating classical NF-κB pathways. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1663-76. [PMID: 23143538 PMCID: PMC3627854 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kinsenoside is able to improve bone turnover rate in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro analysis shows that kinsenoside antagonizes osteoclast development and bone resorption. INTRODUCTION Kinsenoside, the main active compound of the traditional Taiwanese herb Anoectochilus formosanus, has an antiinflammatory effect. This study investigates whether kinsenoside inhibits osteoporosis and osteoclastogenesis. METHODS OVX mice were used to examine the antiosteoporotic activity of kinsenoside. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed by microcomputed tomography. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms of the antiosteoporotic effects of kinsenoside. RESULTS Microcomputed tomography scanning showed that kinsenoside suppresses bone loss in OVX mice. Kinsenoside decreases plasma CTx concentration. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis also showed that kinsenoside reduces the femoral mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Kinsenoside inhibits osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells (BMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot was used to analyze osteoclast-associated signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Results show that kinsenoside does not inhibit IKK phosphorylation but suppresses the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Kinsenoside significantly inhibits the RANKL induction of IKK activity. Kinsenoside inhibits the RANKL-triggered nuclear translocations of NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). RT-PCR was used to analyze osteoclast precursor fusion and resorption-associated gene expression in BMs. Kinsenoside inhibits the expression of cathepsin K (CAK), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, MMP-9, and TRAP. CONCLUSIONS Kinsenoside inhibits osteoclastogenesis from macrophages by attenuating RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc1 activities, which in turn, prevents bone loss from OVX mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H.-B. Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H. Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J.-B. Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W.-C. Lin
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science and Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu X, Wang L, Peng F, Jiang X, Xia Z, Huang J, Rowe D, Wei M. The effect of fresh bone marrow cells on reconstruction of mouse calvarial defect combined with calvarial osteoprogenitor cells and collagen-apatite scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:974-83. [PMID: 22473786 DOI: 10.1002/term.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fresh bone marrow cells have already exhibited its advantages as osteogenic donor cells, but the combination between fresh bone marrow cells and other donor cells utilized for bone healing has not been fully explored. To highlight the impact of fresh bone marrow cells on scaffold-based bone regeneration, single or a combination of calvarial osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were used as donor cells combined with collagen-apatite scaffold for calvarial defect healing. The host and donor contributions to bone formation were assessed using histological and GFP imaging analysis. Although the amount of new bone formed by different cell sources did not show significant differences, the origin of the bone formation in the defects mainly depended on the types of donor cells employed: when only calvarial OPCs were used as donor cells, a donor-derived bone healing instead of host-derived bone ingrowth was observed; when only fresh BMCs were loaded, the host bone could grow into the defect along the lamellar structure of the scaffolds, but the amount of new bone formed was significantly lower than the defect loaded with calvarial OPCs only. The combination of calvarial OPCs and fresh BMCs had similar amount of new bone formation as the group loaded with calvarial osteoprogenitors alone, but did not induce any host-derived bone formation. These results provide compelling evidence of the importance of fresh BMCs to induce host-implant integration in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zheng Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Gu Z, Wu G. BMP2/7 Heterodimer Can Modulate All Cellular Events of the In Vitro RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis, Respectively, in Different Dose Patterns. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:621-30. [PMID: 21981321 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanna Zheng
- School of Stomatology/Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linhong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Gu
- School of Stomatology/Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chung E, Rylander MN. Response of preosteoblasts to thermal stress conditioning and osteoinductive growth factors. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:203-14. [PMID: 22116637 PMCID: PMC3273562 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioning protocols involving mechanical stress independently or with chemical cues such as growth factors (GFs) possess significant potential to enhance bone regeneration. However, utilization of thermal stress conditioning alone or with GFs for bone therapy has been under-investigated. In this study, a preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) was exposed to treatment with water bath heating (44°C, 4 and 8 min) and osteoinductive GFs (bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β1) individually or in combination to investigate whether these stimuli could promote induction of bone-related markers, an angiogenic factor, and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Cells remained viable when heating durations were less than 20 min at 40ºC, 16 min at 42ºC, and 10 min at 44ºC. Increasing heating duration at 44°C, promoted gene expression of HSPs, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) at 8 h post-heating (PH). Heating in combination with GFs caused the greatest gene induction of osteoprotegerin (OPG; 6.9- and 1.6-fold induction compared to sham-treated and GF only treated groups, respectively) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 16.0- and 1.6-fold compared to sham and GF-only treated groups, respectively) at 8 h PH. Both heating and GFs independently suppressed the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene. GF treatment caused a more significant decrease in MMP-9 protein secretion to non-detectable levels compared to heating alone at 72 h PH. Secretion of OCN, OPN, and OPG increased with the addition of GFs but diminished with heating as measured by ELISA at 72 h PH. These results suggest that conditioning protocols utilizing heating and GFs individually or in combination can induce HSPs, bone-related proteins, and VEGF while also causing downregulation of osteoclastic activity, potentially providing a promising bone therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunna Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Subramanian G, Cohen HV, Quek SY. A model for the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw and teriparatide's potential role in its resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:744-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
42
|
Brunner M, Millon-Frémillon A, Chevalier G, Nakchbandi IA, Mosher D, Block MR, Albigès-Rizo C, Bouvard D. Osteoblast mineralization requires beta1 integrin/ICAP-1-dependent fibronectin deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 194:307-22. [PMID: 21768292 PMCID: PMC3144405 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201007108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ICAP-1 prevents recruitment of kindlin-2 to β1 integrin to control
dynamics of fibrillar adhesion sites, fibronectin deposition, and osteoblast
mineralization during bone formation. The morphogenetic and differentiation events required for bone formation are
orchestrated by diffusible and insoluble factors that are localized within the
extracellular matrix. In mice, the deletion of ICAP-1, a modulator of β1
integrin activation, leads to severe defects in osteoblast proliferation,
differentiation, and mineralization and to a delay in bone formation. Deposition
of fibronectin and maturation of fibrillar adhesions, adhesive structures that
accompany fibronectin deposition, are impaired upon ICAP-1 loss, as are type I
collagen deposition and mineralization. Expression of β1 integrin with a
mutated binding site for ICAP-1 recapitulates the ICAP-1–null phenotype.
Follow-up experiments demonstrated that ICAP-1 negatively regulates kindlin-2
recruitment onto the β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain, whereas an excess of
kindlin-2 binding has a deleterious effect on fibrillar adhesion formation.
These results suggest that ICAP-1 works in concert with kindlin-2 to control the
dynamics of β1 integrin–containing fibrillar adhesions and,
thereby, regulates fibronectin deposition and osteoblast mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Brunner
- Equipe 1 Dynamique des Systèmes d'Adhérence et Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 09, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vitamin D deficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a vicious circle. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 86:379-99. [PMID: 21419281 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386960-9.00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency strongly interact with different pathogenic mechanisms in COPD. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is particularly high in COPD patients, increases with the severity of COPD, and is closely associated with osteoporosis prevalence. Adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation in COPD patients with documented deficiencies reduces the risk for falling and osteoporotic fractures, may indirectly reduce morbidity, and may potentially prevent the further deterioration of pulmonary function. Apart from the proven beneficial effects of vitamin D supplements on bone and muscle tissue, many epidemiological studies have putatively linked vitamin D deficiency with a higher risk for cardiovascular, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and cancer, diseases known to be associated with and to contribute significantly to the phenotypic presentation of COPD patients. Different animal and human studies have provided considerable evidence on how vitamin D may affect these processes. The burning question in COPD is whether prevention of vitamin D deficiency or adequate supplementation may reverse the natural course of the disease.
Collapse
|
44
|
Makareeva E, Aviles NA, Leikin S. Chaperoning osteogenesis: new protein-folding disease paradigms. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 21:168-76. [PMID: 21183349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of severe bone disorders in patients with deficiencies in several endoplasmic reticulum chaperones are reshaping the discussion of type I collagen folding and related diseases. Type I collagen is the most abundant protein in all vertebrates and a crucial structural molecule for bone and other connective tissues. Its misfolding causes bone fragility, skeletal deformity and other tissue failures. Studies of newly discovered bone disorders indicate that collagen folding, chaperones involved in the folding process, cellular responses to misfolding and related bone pathologies might not follow conventional protein folding paradigms. In this review, we examine the features that distinguish collagen folding from that of other proteins and describe the findings that are beginning to reveal how cells manage collagen folding and misfolding. We discuss implications of these studies for general protein folding paradigms, unfolded protein response in cells and protein folding diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makareeva
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
BPCO et métabolisme osseux: une mise à jour clinique. Rev Mal Respir 2010; 27:1231-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Bones provide mechanical and protective function, while also serving as housing for marrow and a site for regulation of calcium ion homeostasis. The properties of bones do not remain constant with age; rather, they change throughout life, in some cases improving in function, but in others, function deteriorates. Here we review the modifications in the mechanical function and shape of bones, the bone cells, the matrix they produce, and the mineral that is deposited on this matrix, while presenting recent theories about the factors leading to these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Boskey
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meyers SN, McDaneld TG, Swist SL, Marron BM, Steffen DJ, O'Toole D, O'Connell JR, Beever JE, Sonstegard TS, Smith TPL. A deletion mutation in bovine SLC4A2 is associated with osteopetrosis in Red Angus cattle. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:337. [PMID: 20507629 PMCID: PMC2891616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a skeletal disorder of humans and animals characterized by the formation of overly dense bones, resulting from a deficiency in the number and/or function of bone-resorbing osteoclast cells. In cattle, osteopetrosis can either be induced during gestation by viral infection of the dam, or inherited as a recessive defect. Genetically affected calves are typically aborted late in gestation, display skull deformities and exhibit a marked reduction of osteoclasts. Although mutations in several genes are associated with osteopetrosis in humans and mice, the genetic basis of the cattle disorder was previously unknown. RESULTS We have conducted a whole-genome association analysis to identify the mutation responsible for inherited osteopetrosis in Red Angus cattle. Analysis of >54,000 SNP genotypes for each of seven affected calves and nine control animals localized the defective gene to the telomeric end of bovine chromosome 4 (BTA4). Homozygosity analysis refined the interval to a 3.4-Mb region containing the SLC4A2 gene, encoding an anion exchanger protein necessary for proper osteoclast function. Examination of SLC4A2 from normal and affected animals revealed a approximately 2.8-kb deletion mutation in affected calves that encompasses exon 2 and nearly half of exon 3, predicted to prevent normal protein function. Analysis of RNA from a proven heterozygous individual confirmed the presence of transcripts lacking exons 2 and 3, in addition to normal transcripts. Genotyping of additional animals demonstrated complete concordance of the homozygous deletion genotype with the osteopetrosis phenotype. Histological examination of affected tissues revealed scarce, morphologically abnormal osteoclasts displaying evidence of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a deletion mutation within bovine SLC4A2 is associated with osteopetrosis in Red Angus cattle. Loss of SLC4A2 function appears to induce premature cell death, and likely results in cytoplasmic alkalinization of osteoclasts which, in turn, may disrupt acidification of resorption lacunae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Meyers
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tara G McDaneld
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shannon L Swist
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Brandy M Marron
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David J Steffen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Donal O'Toole
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | | | - Jonathan E Beever
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tad S Sonstegard
- Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy PL Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Mechanical loading is of pivotal importance in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis, but the players involved in the transduction of mechanical stimuli to promote bone maintenance have long remained elusive. Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone, possess mechanosensing appendices stretching through a system of bone canaliculi. Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in osteocyte survival and hence in the preservation of bone mechanical properties, through the maintenance of bone hydratation. Osteocytes can also control the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal precursors in response to mechanical loading by modulating WNT signaling pathways, essential regulators of cell fate and commitment, through the protein sclerostin. Mutations of Sost, the sclerostin-encoding gene, have dramatic effects on the skeleton, indicating that osteocytes may act as master regulators of bone formation and localized bone remodeling. Moreover, the development of sclerostin inhibitors is opening new possibilities for bone regeneration in orthopedics and the dental field.
Collapse
|
49
|
He CC, Hui RR, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, Li JX. Osteoprotective effect of extract from Achyranthes bidentata in ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:229-234. [PMID: 19944750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY A Chinese herbal drug, root of Achyranthes bidentata showed a potent inhibitory activity on bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in a bone organ culture using neonatal mouse parietal bones. The present study is to clarify the fractions responsible for the activity and further explore the osteoprotective effect of the fraction in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water soluble fractions of methanol extract of the root of Achyranthes bidentata were prepared and screened for their anti-bone resorption activity using the bone organ culture system. The n-BuOH soluble fraction was further administered orally at doses of 25, 50 and 100mg/(kgday) to ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The analyses of the rat body weight, serum estradiol (E2), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, uteri weight and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) were conducted. RESULTS The EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions showed the most potent inhibitory activity on PTH-induced bone resorption. Further research using OVX rat model revealed that the n-BuOH fraction significantly prevented BMD loss due to OVX operation. While, the uteri weight and serum estradiol (E2), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels displayed no differences compared with those of control group (OVX rats), suggesting the n-BuOH fraction should have no estrogen-like side effects. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that the n-BuOH soluble fraction of the root of Achyranthes bidentata is effective at preventing bone loss in OVX rats and has a great potential as an alternative tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui He
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|