1
|
Busse KR, Lee Mayol NR, Ammerman AS, Avery CL, Martin SL, Adair LS. Ultraprocessed Food Intake during the Transition to Adulthood Varies According to Sociodemographic Characteristics and Maternal Intake in Cebu, Philippines. J Nutr 2024; 154:2273-2283. [PMID: 38697516 PMCID: PMC11282470 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) are associated with elevated risk of noncommunicable disease, but little is known about UPF intake and the individual-, household-, and community-level factors associated with it among adolescents in low- or middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES We estimated the association of UPF intake across adolescence with sociodemographic characteristics and maternal UPF intake in a Filipino cohort. METHODS Data were from 4 waves (1994-2005) of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 2068); participants were aged 11, 15, 18, and 21 y. Foods from 24-h recalls were classified using NOVA. We used two-part multilevel models to estimate time-varying associations of the odds and amount (percentage daily kilocalories) of UPF intake with sociodemographic characteristics and maternal UPF intake (none, below median among UPF-consuming mothers ["low"], at or above median ["high"]). RESULTS Median UPF intake (interquartile range [IQR]) among adolescents was 7.3% (IQR: 0, 17.2%) of daily kilocalories at age 11 y and 10.6% (IQR: 3.6, 19.6%) at 21 y. The odds and amount of adolescent UPF intake were positively associated with female sex, years of schooling, and household wealth and inversely associated with household size. The odds-but not amount-of adolescent UPF intake was positively associated with maternal education and urbanicity and inversely associated with the distance from a household's primary store/market. The association between odds of adolescent UPF intake and school enrollment was positive in adolescence but disappeared in early adulthood. Compared with offspring whose mothers did not consume UPFs, the odds of UPF intake among those whose mothers had low or high UPF intake was greater in adolescence, but there was no association once offspring became adults. At all ages, maternal UPF intake was positively associated with the amount of offspring intake. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent UPF intake varied across sociodemographic characteristics and was positively associated with maternal UPF intake, but not after adolescents entered adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Busse
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Nanette R Lee Mayol
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie L Martin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rauber F, Levy RB. Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:213-214. [PMID: 38291181 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rauber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies in Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies in Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valmorbida JL, Baratto PS, Leffa PS, Sangalli CN, Silva JA, Vitolo MR. Consumption of ultraprocessed food is associated with higher blood pressure among 6-year-old children from southern Brazil. Nutr Res 2023; 116:60-68. [PMID: 37354762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption plays a critical role in the development of chronic diseases, but evidence of their effect on children's health is limited. We hypothesized that the consumption of UPF can influence blood pressure levels in 6-year-old children. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized field trial in Brazil that is registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT00635453). Dietary intake was obtained using 2 multiple-pass 24-hour recalls when 305 children were 3 and 6 years old. We classified foods according to the NOVA system and determined the percentage of total energy intake derived from ultraprocessed foods. We collected anthropometric measures from and evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 6-year-old children. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between UPF consumption and blood pressure levels. UPF represented 40.3% (interquartile range, 34.1-48.5) of the total energy intake at 3 years and 45.2% (interquartile range, 41.5-53.2) at 6 years. The adjusted linear regression analyses showed that systolic blood pressure was associated with UPF consumption at 6 years (P = .05), birth weight (P = .02), waist circumference (P < .01), and physical activity (P = .04), whereas diastolic blood pressure was associated with UPF consumption at 3 and 6 years (P = .01 and P < .01, respectively), birth weight (P = .05), and waist circumference (P < .01). Our data suggest that UPF consumption played a role in increasing 6-year-old children's blood pressure. These results reinforce the importance of effective strategies to prevent the excessive consumption of UPF in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Valmorbida
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Nutrition Research Group (NUPEN), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Paola S Baratto
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Nutrition Research Group (NUPEN), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Paula S Leffa
- Nutrition Research Group (NUPEN), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Sangalli
- Nutrition Research Group (NUPEN), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Janilson A Silva
- Nutrition Department, University Center of João Pessoa, João Pessoa/PB, 58053-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Vitolo
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Nutrition Research Group (NUPEN), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Las Heras-Delgado S, Shyam S, Cunillera È, Dragusan N, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N. Are plant-based alternatives healthier? A two-dimensional evaluation from nutritional and processing standpoints. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112857. [PMID: 37254431 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-Based Alternative Products (PBAPs) to meat and dairy are increasingly available. Their relative nutritional quality in comparison to animal-based homologs is poorly documented. OBJECTIVE To characterize and evaluate the plant-based alternatives available on the market in Spain in comparison to animal products in terms of their nutritional composition and profile, and degree of processing. METHODS Nutritional information for PBAPs and homologs were obtained from the Spanish 'Veggie base', branded food composition database. Five PBAPs categories (cheese, dairy products, eggs, meat, and fish, n = 922) were compared to animal-based processed (n = 922) and unprocessed (n = 381) homologs, using the modified version of the Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System (FSAm-NPS score) and NOVA classification criteria. RESULTS Compared to processed or unprocessed animal food, PBAPs contain significantly higher sugar, salt, and fiber. PBAPs for fish, seafood, and meat were lower in protein and saturated fatty acids. Overall, 68% of PBAPs, 43% of processed and 75% of unprocessed animal-homologs had Nutri-Score ratings of A or B (most healthy). About 17% of PBAPs, 35% of processed and 13% of unprocessed animal-based food were in Nutri-Score categories D or E (least healthy). Dairy, fish, and meat alternatives had lower FSAm-NPS scores (most healthy), while cheese alternatives scored higher (least healthy) than animal-based homologs. Unprocessed fish and meat were healthier than similar PBAPs based on FSAm-NPS criteria. Approximately 37% of PBAPs and 72% of processed animal-based products were ultra-processed food (NOVA group 4). Within the ultra-processed food group, Nutri-Score varied widely. CONCLUSIONS Most PBAPs had better nutrient profile than animal-based homologs. However, cheese, fish and meats PBAPs had poorer nutrient profile and were more processed. Given the high degree of processing and variable nutritional profile, PBAPs require a multi-dimensional evaluation of their health impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara de Las Heras-Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Sangeetha Shyam
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Centre for Translational Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Èrica Cunillera
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain
| | - Natalia Dragusan
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Menichetti G, Ravandi B, Mozaffarian D, Barabási AL. Machine learning prediction of the degree of food processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2312. [PMID: 37085506 PMCID: PMC10121643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the accumulating evidence that increased consumption of ultra-processed food has adverse health implications, it remains difficult to decide what constitutes processed food. Indeed, the current processing-based classification of food has limited coverage and does not differentiate between degrees of processing, hindering consumer choices and slowing research on the health implications of processed food. Here we introduce a machine learning algorithm that accurately predicts the degree of processing for any food, indicating that over 73% of the US food supply is ultra-processed. We show that the increased reliance of an individual's diet on ultra-processed food correlates with higher risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, angina, elevated blood pressure and biological age, and reduces the bio-availability of vitamins. Finally, we find that replacing foods with less processed alternatives can significantly reduce the health implications of ultra-processed food, suggesting that access to information on the degree of processing, currently unavailable to consumers, could improve population health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menichetti
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Babak Ravandi
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts School of Medicine and Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antoniazzi L, de Miranda RC, Rauber F, de Moraes MM, Afonso C, Santos C, Lopes C, Rodrigues S, Levy RB. Ultra-processed food consumption deteriorates the profile of micronutrients consumed by Portuguese adults and elderly: the UPPER project. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1131-1141. [PMID: 36414867 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to describe micronutrient intake according to food processing degree and to investigate the association between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and micronutrient inadequacies in a representative sample of Portuguese adult and elderly individuals. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015/2016) were used. Food consumption data were collected through two 24-h food recalls, and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the micronutrient density and the quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption-crude and adjusted. Negative Binomial regressions were performed to measure the prevalence ratio of micronutrient inadequacy according to ultra-processed food quintiles. RESULTS For adults, all evaluated vitamins had significantly lower content in the fraction of ultra-processed foods compared to unprocessed or minimally processed foods, except vitamin B2. For the elderly, out of ten evaluated vitamins, seven presented significantly less content in ultra-processed foods compared to non-processed ones. The higher energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in adults was associated with a lower density of vitamins and minerals. This association was not observed in the elderly. For adults, compared with the first quintile of ultra-processed food consumption, the fifth quintile was positively associated with inadequate intakes of vitamin B6 (PR 1.51), vitamin C (PR 1.32), folate (PR 1.14), magnesium (PR 1.21), zinc (PR 1.33), and potassium (PR 1.19). CONCLUSION Our results corroborate the importance of public health actions that promote a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Antoniazzi
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Renata Costa de Miranda
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rauber
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Miranda de Moraes
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Santos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Associate Laboratory RISE-Health Research Network, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomes Gonçalves N, Vidal Ferreira N, Khandpur N, Martinez Steele E, Bertazzi Levy R, Andrade Lotufo P, Bensenor IM, Caramelli P, Alvim de Matos SM, Marchioni DM, Suemoto CK. Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:142-150. [PMID: 36469335 PMCID: PMC9857155 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although consumption of ultraprocessed food has been linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, little is known about the association of consumption of ultraprocessed foods with cognitive decline. Objective To investigate the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and cognitive decline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study with 3 waves, approximately 4 years apart, from 2008 to 2017. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to May 2022. Participants were public servants aged 35 to 74 years old recruited in 6 Brazilian cities. Participants who, at baseline, had incomplete food frequency questionnaire, cognitive, or covariate data were excluded. Participants who reported extreme calorie intake (<600 kcal/day or >6000 kcal/day) and those taking medication that could negatively interfere with cognitive performance were also excluded. Exposures Daily ultraprocessed food consumption as a percentage of total energy divided into quartiles. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in cognitive performance over time evaluated by the immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests, and Trail-Making Test B version. Results A total of 15 105 individuals were recruited and 4330 were excluded, leaving 10 775 participants whose data were analyzed. The mean (SD) age at the baseline was 51.6 (8.9) years, 5880 participants (54.6%) were women, 5723 (53.1%) were White, and 6106 (56.6%) had at least a college degree. During a median (range) follow-up of 8 (6-10) years, individuals with ultraprocessed food consumption above the first quartile showed a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline (β = -0.004; 95% CI, -0.006 to -0.001; P = .003) and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline (β = -0.003, 95% CI, -0.005 to 0.000; P = .01) compared with those in the first quartile. Conclusions and Relevance A higher percentage of daily energy consumption of ultraprocessed foods was associated with cognitive decline among adults from an ethnically diverse sample. These findings support current public health recommendations on limiting ultraprocessed food consumption because of their potential harm to cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Vidal Ferreira
- Adventist University of São Paulo, Engenheiro Coelho, Brazil
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M. Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Dirce M. Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong W, Xie Y, Zhong J, Cao C. Ultra-processed foods and allergic symptoms among children and adults in the United States: A population-based analysis of NHANES 2005-2006. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1038141. [PMID: 36407984 PMCID: PMC9670314 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Design There is a strong correlation between dietary intake and allergic diseases. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are gradually becoming dominant worldwide and causing health problems for children and adults. We hope to determine whether links exist between UPFs and allergic symptoms. Methods We investigated data from 2,736 children (16-19 years) and 4,256 adults (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. The associations between the mean UPFs contribution to total energy intake and all allergic symptoms (IgE, current asthma, allergy, rash, sneeze, wheeze, eczema, and hay fever) were estimated by weighted multivariate logistic regression. Results Logistic regression analysis showed UFPs were negatively associated with IgE levels in children. Those with higher quartiles had a reduced risk from 16% (OR, 0.84, 95%CI, 0.55 to 1.28) to 34% (OR, 0.66, 95%CI, 0.49 to 0.89), p for trend = 0.006. UPFs were also positively related to current asthma in children with an increased risk of 11% (OR, 1.11, 95%CI, 0.79 to 1.56) to 76% (OR, 1.76, 95%CI, 1.10 to 2.82), p for trend = 0.0393. UPFs were also associated with eczema in girls. But there was no association observed between UPFs and allergic symptoms in adults. Conclusion Our results suggested that UPFs assessed by the NOVA system were associated with IgE, current asthma in children, and eczema in girls. These results further support the need to test the association of modern dietary patterns with allergic symptoms.
Collapse
|
9
|
Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Diabetes in Chinese Adults-Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204241. [PMID: 36296925 PMCID: PMC9609918 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to assess the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods: This study included 12,849 eligible adults aged 20 years and over attending at least two surveys in the China Nutrition and Health Survey during 1997−2011. Food intake at each survey was assessed by a 3-day 24-h dietary recall method. UPF was defined based on the NOVA classification. Diabetes was obtained from questionnaires and/or ascertained by fasting blood tests. The association of diabetes with UPF was examined using mix effect logistic regression adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.3 (SD 14.8) years. The age and gender adjusted mean UPF intake increased four times and the prevalence of diabetes increased eight times in 1997−2011. Compared with non-consumers, the odds ratios (95% CI) of diabetes for those with mean UPF consumption of 1−19 g/day, 20−49 g/day, and ≥50 g/day were 1.21 (0.98, 1.48), 1.49 (1.19, 1.86), and 1.40 (1.08, 1.80), respectively (p trend < 0.001) after adjusted for the measured covariates including lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity), BMI and hypertension. Conclusions: both UPF consumption and prevalence of diabetes increased among adults in China during 1997−2011. Higher UPF consumption was positively associated with diabetes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Z, Kahn HS, Jackson SL, Steele EM, Gillespie C, Yang Q. Associations between ultra- or minimally processed food intake and three adiposity indicators among US adults: NHANES 2011 to 2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1887-1897. [PMID: 35924441 PMCID: PMC10083896 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is associated with BMI, but effects on regional adipose depots or related to minimally processed food (MPF) intake are unknown. METHODS Data included 12,297 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011 to 2016. This study analyzed associations between usual percentage of kilocalories from UPFs and MPFs and three adiposity indicators: supine sagittal abdominal diameter to height ratio (SADHtR, estimates visceral adiposity); waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR, estimates abdominal adiposity); and BMI, using linear and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Standardized β coefficients per 10% increase in UPF intake were 0.0926, 0.0846, and 0.0791 for SADHtR, WHtR, and BMI, respectively (all p < 0.001; p > 0.26 for pairwise differences). For MPF intake, the β coefficients were -0.0901, -0.0806, and -0.0688 (all p < 0.001; p > 0.18 pairwise). Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for adiposity tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (comparing UPF intake quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to quartile 1) were 1.33 (1.22-1.45), 1.67 (1.43-1.95), and 2.24 (1.76-2.86), respectively, for SADHtR; 1.31 (1.19-1.44), 1.62 (1.37-1.91), and 2.13 (1.63-2.78), respectively, for WHtR; and 1.27 (1.16-1.39), 1.53 (1.31-1.79), and 1.96 (1.53-2.51), respectively, for BMI. MPF intake showed inverse associations with similar trends in association strength. CONCLUSIONS Among US adults, abdominal and visceral adiposity indictors were positively associated with UPFs and inversely associated with MPFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Henry S Kahn
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sandra L Jackson
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Euridice Martinez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cathleen Gillespie
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Quanhe Yang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the available data regarding the associations of Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with food intake and possible underlying mechanisms relating UPF consumption to weight gain and co-morbidities. RECENT FINDINGS In primarily observational studies, UPF consumption is consistently associated with an increased risk for weight gain among adults and children and increased risk for adiposity-related co-morbidities in adults. In a single mechanistic study, consumption of UPFs led to increased energy intake and weight gain relative to whole foods. UPFs tend to be more energy-dense than nutrient-dense, and UPF consumption is associated with increased adiposity and co-morbidity risk. These data suggest that recommendations to limit UPF consumption may be beneficial to health - though further mechanistic studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Crimarco
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Panahi S, Jones W, Duncan AM, Ferland G, Keller HH, Grantham A, House JD. Guidance and perspectives on highly processed foods. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:1038-1044. [PMID: 35926234 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Guidance from Health Canada to limit highly processed foods (HPF) seeks to ensure that Canadians remain within intake recommendations for nutrients of concern. However, HPF can contribute to dietary requirements of specific populations. The Canadian Nutrition Society and Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutritional Sciences convened speakers for a Food for Health workshop in 2021 to provide evidence and perspectives from government, industry, and healthcare on reasons for advocating limits and potential unintended consequences of limiting HPF, and implications and necessity of HPF in clinical settings. This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of HPF explored at this workshop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Panahi
- Laval University, 4440, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, PEPS, Quebec, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Wendelyn Jones
- Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, D.C., United States;
| | | | - Guylaine Ferland
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Département de Nutrition, Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
| | | | | | - James D House
- University of Manitoba, Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sex-Dependent Effects of the Intake of NOVA Classified Ultra-Processed Foods on Syndrome Metabolic Components in Brazilian Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153126. [PMID: 35956300 PMCID: PMC9370159 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of UPF consumption on the incidence of MetS and its components in adults. A prospective study was conducted with 896 participants from the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto cohort, São Paulo, Brazil. UPF consumption was evaluated in %kcal and %g at ages 23–25 years. Incidence of MetS and its components were estimated at ages 37–39 years, according to the Joint Interim Statement criteria. Poisson regression was used to assess associations, and interactions with sex were investigated. UPF consumption had no association with MetS (%kcal Adjusted PR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99–1.01; %g Adjusted PR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99–1.01). However, women with higher UPF consumption, in %kcal and %g, had a higher risk of abdominal obesity (%kcal: p = 0.030; %g: p = 0.003); and women with higher UPF consumption, in %g, had a higher risk of low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.041). For the other components of MetS, no significant associations were observed in either sex. These findings suggest evidence of no association between UPF consumption and MetS; however, consumption of UPF was associated with increased WC and low HDL-c, but only in women.
Collapse
|
14
|
Parnham JC, Chang K, Rauber F, Levy RB, Millett C, Laverty AA, von Hinke S, Vamos EP. The Ultra-Processed Food Content of School Meals and Packed Lunches in the United Kingdom. Nutrients 2022; 14:2961. [PMID: 35889918 PMCID: PMC9318725 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
British children have the highest levels of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in Europe. Schools are posited as a positive setting for impacting dietary intake, but the level of UPFs consumed in schools is currently unknown. This study determined the UPF content of school food in the UK. We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis of primary (4-11 years, n = 1895) and secondary schoolchildren (11-18 years, n = 1408) from the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2017). Multivariable quantile regression models determined the association between meal-type (school meal or packed lunch) and lunchtime UPF intake (NOVA food classification system). We showed that on average, UPF intake was high in both primary (72.6% total lunch Kcal) and secondary schoolchildren (77.8% total lunch Kcal). Higher UPF intakes were observed in packed lunch consumers, secondary schoolchildren, and those in lower income households. This study highlights the need for a renewed focus on school food. Better guidance and policies that consider levels of industrial processing in food served in schools are needed to ensure the dual benefit of encouraging school meal uptake and equitably improving children's diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie C. Parnham
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK; (K.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.L.); (E.P.V.)
| | - Kiara Chang
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK; (K.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.L.); (E.P.V.)
| | - Fernanda Rauber
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.B.L.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Renata B. Levy
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.B.L.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Christopher Millett
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK; (K.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.L.); (E.P.V.)
- Public Health Research Centre & Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1600-1500 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anthony A. Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK; (K.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.L.); (E.P.V.)
| | - Stephanie von Hinke
- School of Economics, University of Bristol, Priory Road Complex, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK;
| | - Eszter P. Vamos
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK; (K.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.L.); (E.P.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhagtani D, Augustus E, Haynes E, Iese V, Brown CR, Fesaitu J, Hambleton I, Badrie N, Kroll F, Saint-Ville A, Samuels TA, Forouhi NG, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Unwin N. Dietary Patterns, Food Insecurity, and Their Relationships with Food Sources and Social Determinants in Two Small Island Developing States. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142891. [PMID: 35889848 PMCID: PMC9323837 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have high burdens of nutrition-related chronic diseases. This has been associated with lack of access to adequate and affordable nutritious foods and increasing reliance on imported foods. Our aim in this study was to investigate dietary patterns and food insecurity and assess their associations with socio-demographic characteristics and food sources. We recruited individuals aged 15 years and above from rural and urban areas in Fiji (n = 186) and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) (n = 147). Data collection included a 24 h diet recall, food source questionnaire and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. We conducted latent class analysis to identify dietary patterns, and multivariable regression to investigate independent associations with dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns were identified: (1) low pulses, and milk and milk products, (2) intermediate pulses, and milk and milk products and (3) most diverse. In both SIDS, dietary pattern 3 was associated with older age, regularly sourcing food from supermarkets and borrowing, exchanging, bartering or gifting (BEB). Prevalence of food insecurity was not statistically different across dietary patterns. In both SIDS, food insecurity was higher in those regularly sourcing food from small shops, and in SVG, lower in those regularly using BEB. These results complement previous findings and provide a basis for further investigation into the determinants of dietary patterns, dietary diversity and food insecurity in these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhagtani
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (D.B.); (N.G.F.)
| | - Eden Augustus
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados;
| | - Emily Haynes
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK;
| | - Viliamu Iese
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva 0101, Fiji; (V.I.); (J.F.)
| | - Catherine R. Brown
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados; (C.R.B.); (I.H.)
| | - Jioje Fesaitu
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva 0101, Fiji; (V.I.); (J.F.)
| | - Ian Hambleton
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados; (C.R.B.); (I.H.)
| | - Neela Badrie
- Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, Lewis Avenue, 686, St. Augustine 32080, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.B.); (A.S.-V.)
| | - Florian Kroll
- Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Arlette Saint-Ville
- Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, Lewis Avenue, 686, St. Augustine 32080, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.B.); (A.S.-V.)
| | - Thelma Alafia Samuels
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (D.B.); (N.G.F.)
| | - Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Nigel Unwin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (D.B.); (N.G.F.)
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK;
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados; (C.R.B.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The relationship between diet quality and the severity of household food insecurity in Canada. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1013-1026. [PMID: 34551845 PMCID: PMC9991759 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the dietary quality of Canadian children and adults and household food insecurity status. DESIGN Dietary intake was assessed with one 24-h recall. Households were classified as food secure or marginally, moderately or severely food insecure based on their responses to the Household Food Security Survey Module. We applied multivariable analyses of variance to determine whether % energy from ultra-processed foods, fruit and vegetable intake, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, macronutrient composition and micronutrient intakes per 1000 kcal differed by food insecurity status after accounting for income, education and region. Analyses were run separately for children 1-8 years and 9-18 years and men and women 19-64 years of age. SETTING Ten provinces in Canada. PARTICIPANTS Respondents to the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition, aged 1-64 years, with complete food insecurity data and non-zero energy intakes, N 15 909. RESULTS Among adults and children, % energy from ultra-processed foods was strongly related to severity of food insecurity, but no significant trend was observed for fruit and vegetable intake or HEI score. Carbohydrate, total sugar, fat and saturated fat intake/1000 kcal did not differ by food insecurity status, but there was a significant negative trend in protein/1000 kcal among older children, a positive trend in Na/1000 kcal among younger children and inverse associations between food insecurity severity and several micronutrients/1000 kcal among adults and older children. CONCLUSIONS With more severe household food insecurity, ultra-processed food consumption was higher, and diet quality was generally lower among both adults and children.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chronic diseases are first associated with the degradation and artificialization of food matrices rather than with food composition: calorie quality matters more than calorie quantity. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2239-2253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Leroy F, Beal T, Gregorini P, McAuliffe GA, van Vliet S. Nutritionism in a food policy context: the case of ‘animal protein’. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Ruggiero E, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Esposito S, Di Castelnuovo A, Carpineta E, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Paolini S, Esposito V, de Gaetano G, Innocenzi G, Iacoviello L. Dietary factors and the risk of lumbar spinal stenosis: A case-control analysis from the PREFACE study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:90-97. [PMID: 34802849 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a lack of knowledge on the association of dietary factors and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). We evaluated the association of a Mediterranean diet (MD), its major food components and ultra-processed food (UPF) with the risk of LSS. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were recruited from the Neurosurgery Department of the IRCCS Neuromed, Italy. The study sample consisted of 156 cases of LSS, and 312 controls matched 1:2 for sex, age (±6 months) and physical activity, without a history or clinical evidence of LSS who were identified from the general population. Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score based on 9 food groups. UPF was defined according to NOVA classification and calculated as the ratio (%) of UPF (g/d) on total food consumed (g/d). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, a 2-point increase in the MD score was not associated with LSS risk (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.72-1.46). An increment of 10 g/d of fruits and nuts, cereals or fish led to lower odds of LSS (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94; OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99, respectively). Additionally, 1% increment in the consumption of UPF in the diet was independently associated with higher LSS risk (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). CONCLUSION A diet rich in fruits, cereals, fish is associated with lower risk of LSS while a large dietary share of UPF increases the risk of this disease. Further studies with a prospective design and larger sample sizes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Paolini
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144:e472-e487. [PMID: 34724806 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.
Collapse
|
21
|
Branco JR, Esteves AM, Leandro JGB, Demaria TM, Godoi V, Marette A, Valença HDM, Lanzetti M, Peyot ML, Farfari S, Prentki M, Zancan P, Sola-Penna M. Dietary citrate acutely induces insulin resistance and markers of liver inflammation in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108834. [PMID: 34371126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Citrate is widely used as a food additive being part of virtually all processed foods. Although considered inert by most of the regulatory agencies in the world, plasma citrate has been proposed to play immunometabolic functions in multiple tissues through altering a plethora of cellular pathways. Here, we used a short-term alimentary intervention (24 hours) with standard chow supplemented with citrate in amount corresponding to that found in processed foods to evaluate its effects on glucose homeostasis and liver physiology in C57BL/6J mice. Animals supplemented with dietary citrate showed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as revealed by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Moreover, animals supplemented with citrate in their food displayed fed and fasted hyperinsulinemia and enhanced insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test. Citrate treatment also amplified glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro in INS1-E cells. Citrate supplemented animals had increased liver PKCα activity and altered phosphorylation at serine or threonine residues of components of insulin signaling including IRS-1, Akt, GSK-3 and FoxO1. Furthermore, citrate supplementation enhanced the hepatic expression of lipogenic genes suggesting increased de novo lipogenesis, a finding that was reproduced after citrate treatment of hepatic FAO cells. Finally, liver inflammation markers were higher in citrate supplemented animals. Overall, the results demonstrate that dietary citrate supplementation in mice causes hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance both in vivo and in vitro, and therefore call for a note of caution on the use of citrate as a food additive given its potential role in metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ristow Branco
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular (LabOMol), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Moreira Esteves
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular (LabOMol), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Bernardo Leandro
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM) Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thainá M Demaria
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM) Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vilma Godoi
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular (LabOMol), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM) Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Québec, Canada
| | - Helber da Maia Valença
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Montreal Diabetes Research Center at the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Salah Farfari
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Montreal Diabetes Research Center at the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Montreal Diabetes Research Center at the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Patricia Zancan
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular (LabOMol), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM) Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shim JS, Shim SY, Cha HJ, Kim J, Kim HC. Socioeconomic Characteristics and Trends in the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in Korea from 2010 to 2018. Nutrients 2021; 13:1120. [PMID: 33805412 PMCID: PMC8065678 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a global transition to a more highly processed diet. While the dietary share of ultra-processed foods depends on a country's economic status, food choice and consumption are also influenced by the socioeconomic situation of individuals. This study investigated whether ultra-processed food consumption differed across socioeconomic subgroups and over time (2010-2018) in Korea. Cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2018 were analyzed. Food and beverages reported in a one-day 24 h recall were classified according to the NOVA food classification criteria. The dietary energy contribution of ultra-processed foods was high among men and urban residents, and increased with education and income level; additionally, it reached its peak in adolescents and thereafter decreased with increasing age. After adjusting the socioeconomic variables, such associations remained significant, except for income level. The overall contribution of ultra-processed foods increased from 23.1% (2010-2012) to 26.1% (2016-2018), and the same trend over time was observed in all age groups and socioeconomic strata. In the Korean population, ultra-processed food consumption differed by individual socioeconomic characteristics, but gradually increased over time, and this trend was consistently found in all socioeconomic subgroups. Future strategies to promote healthy food choices are needed for the Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Sun-Young Shim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hee-Jeung Cha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (H.C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|