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Göbel A, Rachner TD, Hoffmann O, Klotz DM, Kasimir-Bauer S, Kimmig R, Hofbauer LC, Bittner AK. High serum levels of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) are associated with poor survival in patients with early breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2789-2798. [PMID: 38413424 PMCID: PMC11147863 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is mainly produced in the liver. Elevated levels of LRG-1 are found in a multitude of pathological conditions including eye diseases, diabetes, infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In patients with early breast cancer (BC), high intratumoral LRG-1 protein expression levels are associated with reduced survival. In this study, we assessed serum levels of LRG-1 in patients with early BC and investigated its correlation with the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow and survival outcomes. METHODS Serum LRG-1 levels of 509 BC patients were determined using ELISA and DTCs were assessed by immunocytochemistry using the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. We stratified LRG-1 levels according to selected clinical parameters. Using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test and multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and prognostic relevance were assessed. RESULTS Mean serum levels of LRG-1 were 29.70 ± 8.67 µg/ml. Age was positively correlated with LRG-1 expression (r = 0.19; p < 0.0001) and significantly higher LRG-1 levels were found in patients over 60 years compared to younger ones (30.49 ± 8.63 µg/ml vs. 28.85 ± 8.63 µg/ml; p = 0.011) and in postmenopausal patients compared to premenopausal patients (30.15 ± 8.34 µg/ml vs. 26.936.94 µg/ml; p = 0.002). Patients with no DTCs showed significantly elevated LRG-1 levels compared to the DTC-positive group (30.51 ± 8.69 µg/ml vs. 28.51 ± 8.54 µg/ml; p = 0.004). Overall and BC-specific survival was significantly lower in patients with high serum LRG-1 levels (above a cut-off of 33.63 µg/ml) compared to patients with lower LRG-1 levels during a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (24.8% vs. 11.1% BC-specific death; p = 0.0003; odds ratio 2.63, 95%CI: 1.56-4.36). Multivariate analyses revealed that LRG-1 is an independent prognostic marker for BC-specific survival (p = 0.001; hazard ratio 2.61). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of LRG-1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Healthy Ageing Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Ageing Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT West, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Martin Klotz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT West, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT West, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Ageing Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT West, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nakanishi S, Goya M, Suda T, Yonamine T, Sugawa A, Saito S. Increased level of serum leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Urol 2024; 24:94. [PMID: 38658967 PMCID: PMC11040933 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, no useful serum markers exist for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), making early detection challenging as diagnosis relies solely on imaging tests. Radiation exposure is also a concern due to multiple required CT examinations during treatment. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological types include ccRCC and non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC); however, treatment response to medications varies which necessitates accurate differentiation between the two. Therefore, we aimed to identify a novel serum marker of RCC. Increased LRG1 expression in the serum has been demonstrated in multiple cancer types. However, the expression of LRG1 expression in the serum and cancer tissues of patients with RCC has not been reported. Since ccRCC is a hypervascular tumor and LRG1 is capable of accelerating angiogenesis, we hypothesized that the LRG1 levels may be related to ccRCC. Therefore, we examined LRG1 expression in sera from patients with RCC. METHODS Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum levels of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) were measured in 64 patients with ccRCC and 22 patients non-ccRCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, as well as in 63 patients without cancer. RESULTS Median values of serum LRG1 and their inter-quartile ranges were 63.2 (42.8-94.2) µg/mL in ccRCC, 23.4 (17.7-29.6) µg/mL in non-ccRCC, and 36.0 (23.7-56.7) µg/mL in patients without cancer, respectively (ccRCC vs. non-ccRCC or patients without cancer: P < 0.001). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.002), anemia (P = 0.037), hypercalcemia (P = 0.023), and grade (P = 0.031) were independent predictors of serum LRG1 levels in ccRCC. To assess diagnostic performance, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum LRG1 was utilized to differentiate ccRCC from non-cancer and non-ccRCC, with values of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.64-0.82) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 served as a serum marker associated with inflammation, indicated by CRP, anemia, hypercalcemia, and malignant potential in ccRCC. Clinically, serum LRG1 levels may assist in differentiating ccRCC from non-ccRCC with excellent diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakanishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Masato Goya
- Chubu Tokusyukai Hospital, Kitanakagusuku, 801 higa, 901-2392, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Suda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yonamine
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ai Sugawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Seiichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan
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Anwar MA, Keshteli AH, Yang H, Wang W, Li X, Messier HM, Cullis PR, Borchers CH, Fraser R, Wishart DS. Blood-Based Multiomics-Guided Detection of a Precancerous Pancreatic Tumor. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:182-192. [PMID: 38634790 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Over a decade ago, longitudinal multiomics analysis was pioneered for early disease detection and individually tailored precision health interventions. However, high sample processing costs, expansive multiomics measurements along with complex data analysis have made this approach to precision/personalized medicine impractical. Here we describe in a case report, a more practical approach that uses fewer measurements, annual sampling, and faster decision making. We also show how this approach offers promise to detect an exceedingly rare and potentially fatal condition before it fully manifests. Specifically, we describe in the present case report how longitudinal multiomics monitoring (LMOM) helped detect a precancerous pancreatic tumor and led to a successful surgical intervention. The patient, enrolled in an annual blood-based LMOM since 2018, had dramatic changes in the June 2021 and 2022 annual metabolomics and proteomics results that prompted further clinical diagnostic testing for pancreatic cancer. Using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, a 2.6 cm lesion in the tail of the patient's pancreas was detected. The tumor fluid from an aspiration biopsy had 10,000 times that of normal carcinoembryonic antigen levels. After the tumor was surgically resected, histopathological findings confirmed it was a precancerous pancreatic tumor. Postoperative omics testing indicated that most metabolite and protein levels returned to patient's 2018 levels. This case report illustrates the potentials of blood LMOM for precision/personalized medicine, and new ways of thinking medical innovation for a potentially life-saving early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Blood LMOM warrants future programmatic translational research with the goals of precision medicine, and individually tailored cancer diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiyan Yang
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Windy Wang
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xukun Li
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen M Messier
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Fountain Life, Naples, Florida, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Fraser
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Circulating microvesicles correlate with radiation proctitis complication after radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2033. [PMID: 36739457 PMCID: PMC9899237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In a large retrospective study, we assessed the putative use of circulating microvesicles (MVs), as innovative biomarkers of radiation toxicity in a cohort of 208 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma overexposed to radiation. The level of platelet (P)-, monocyte (M)- and endothelial (E)-derived MVs were assessed by flow cytometry. Rectal bleeding toxicity scores were collected at the time of blood sampling and during the routine follow-up and were tested for association with MVs using a multivariate logistic regression. MVs dosimetric correlation was investigated using dose volume histograms information available for a subset of 36 patients. The number of PMVs was significantly increased in patients with highest toxicity grades compared to lower grades. Risk prediction analysis revealed that increased numbers of PMVs, and an increased amount of MMVs relative to EMVs, were associated with worst rectal bleeding grade compared to the time of blood sampling. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between PMV and MMV numbers, with the range of doses up to the median exposure (40 Gy) of bladder/rectum and anterior rectal wall, respectively. MVs could be considered as new biomarkers to improve the identification of patients with high toxicity grade and may be instrumental for the prognosis of radiation therapy complications.
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Metformin suppresses LRG1 and TGFβ1/ALK1-induced angiogenesis and protects against ultrastructural changes in rat diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114128. [PMID: 36525822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has high prevalence and poor prognosis which make it a research priority for scientists. Since metformin, a hypoglycaemic drug, has been found to prolong the survival of mice with DN. This study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms leading to DN in rats and to explore the role of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1), activin-like kinase1 (ALK1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ1) in the pathologic alterations seen in DN. The aim was also extended to explore the protective action of metformin against DN in rats and its influence on LRG1and ALK1/TGFβ1 induced renal angiogenesis. 24 male rats were used. Rats were assigned as, the vehicle group, the diabetic control group and diabetic + metformin (100 and 200 mg/kg) groups. Kidney samples were processed for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. Bioinformatic analysis of studied proteins was done to determine protein-protein interactions. Metformin reduced serum urea and creatinine significantly, decreased the inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced LRG1, TGFβ1, ALK1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins in rat kidneys. Bioinformatic analysis revealed interactions between the studied proteins. Metformin alleviated the histopathological changes observed in the diabetic rats such as the glomerular surface area and increased Bowman's space diameter. Metformin groups showed decreased VEGF immunostaining compared to diabetic group. Metformin shows promising renoprotective effects in diabetic model that was at least partly mediated by downregulation of LRG1 and TGFβ1/ALK1-induced renal angiogenesis. These results further explain the molecular mechanism of metformin in DN management.
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Hong Q, Cai H, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhong F, Ni Z, Cai G, Chen XM, He JC, Lee K. Modulation of transforming growth factor-β-induced kidney fibrosis by leucine-rich ⍺-2 glycoprotein-1. Kidney Int 2022; 101:299-314. [PMID: 34774561 PMCID: PMC8792236 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is considered the final convergent pathway for progressive chronic kidney diseases, but there is still a paucity of success in clinical application for effective therapy. We recently demonstrated that the expression of secreted leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) is associated with worsened kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and that LRG1 enhances endothelial transforming growth factor-β signaling to promote diabetic kidney disease progression. While the increased expression of LRG1 was most prominent in the glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic kidneys, its increase was also observed in the tubulointerstitial compartment. Here, we explored the potential role of LRG1 in kidney epithelial cells and TGF-β-mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis independent of diabetes. LRG1 expression was induced by tumor necrosis factor-α in cultured kidney epithelial cells and potentiated TGF-β/Smad3 signal transduction. Global Lrg1 loss in mice led to marked attenuation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in models of unilateral ureteral obstruction and aristolochic acid fibrosis associated with concomitant decreases in Smad3 phosphorylation in tubule epithelial cells. In mice with kidney epithelial cell-specific LRG1 overexpression, while no significant phenotypes were observed at baseline, marked exacerbation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was observed in the obstructed kidneys. This was associated with enhanced Smad3 phosphorylation in both kidney epithelial cells and α-smooth muscle actin-positive interstitial cells. Co-culture of kidney epithelial cells with primary kidney fibroblasts confirmed the potentiation of TGF-β-mediated Smad3 activation in kidney fibroblasts through epithelial-derived LRG1. Thus, our results indicate that enhanced LRG1 expression-induced epithelial injury is an amplifier of TGF-β signaling in autocrine and paracrine manners promoting tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hence, therapeutic targeting of LRG1 may be an effective means to curtail kidney fibrosis progression in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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Camilli C, Hoeh AE, De Rossi G, Moss SE, Greenwood J. LRG1: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:6. [PMID: 35062948 PMCID: PMC8781713 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was first described as a key player in pathogenic ocular neovascularization almost a decade ago. Since then, an increasing number of publications have reported the involvement of LRG1 in multiple human conditions including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the LRG1 literature considering its role in health and disease. Although LRG1 is constitutively expressed by hepatocytes and neutrophils, Lrg1-/- mice show no overt phenotypic abnormality suggesting that LRG1 is essentially redundant in development and homeostasis. However, emerging data are challenging this view by suggesting a novel role for LRG1 in innate immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. While our understanding of beneficial LRG1 functions in physiology remains limited, a consistent body of evidence shows that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, LRG1 expression is induced and directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Its potential role as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple conditions is widely discussed while dissecting the mechanisms underlying LRG1 pathogenic functions. Emphasis is given to the role that LRG1 plays as a vasculopathic factor where it disrupts the cellular interactions normally required for the formation and maintenance of mature vessels, thereby indirectly contributing to the establishment of a highly hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, LRG1 has also been reported to affect other cell types (including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal and cancer cells) mostly by modulating the TGFβ signalling pathway in a context-dependent manner. Crucially, animal studies have shown that LRG1 inhibition, through gene deletion or a function-blocking antibody, is sufficient to attenuate disease progression. In view of this, and taking into consideration its role as an upstream modifier of TGFβ signalling, LRG1 is suggested as a potentially important therapeutic target. While further investigations are needed to fill gaps in our current understanding of LRG1 function, the studies reviewed here confirm LRG1 as a pleiotropic and pathogenic signalling molecule providing a strong rationale for its use in the clinic as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Hoeh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Ashman N, Bargh JD, Spring DR. Non-internalising antibody–drug conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9182-9202. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review introduces non-internalising Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs), highlighting the linker chemistry that enables extracellular payload release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ashman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Bargh
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David R. Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts promote metastasis by up-regulating LRG1 through stromal IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:16. [PMID: 34930899 PMCID: PMC8688517 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play a strong role in colorectal cancer metastasis, yet the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Using CRC clinical samples together with ex vivo CAFs-CRC co-culture models, we found that CAFs induce expression of Leucine Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1(LRG1) in CRC, where it shows markedly higher expression in metastatic CRC tissues compared to primary tumors. We further show that CAFs-induced LRG1 promotes CRC migration and invasion that is concomitant with EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) induction. In addition, this signaling axis has also been confirmed in the liver metastatic mouse model which displayed CAFs-induced LRG1 substantially accelerates metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CAFs-secreted IL-6 (interleukin-6) is responsible for LRG1 up-regulation in CRC, which occurs through a direct transactivation by STAT3 following JAK2 activation. In clinical CRC tumor samples, LRG1 expression was positively correlated with CAFs-specific marker, α-SMA, and a higher LRG1 expression predicted poor clinical outcomes especially distant metastasis free survival, supporting the role of LRG1 in CRC progression. Collectively, this study provided a novel insight into CAFs-mediated metastasis in CRC and indicated that therapeutic targeting of CAFs-mediated IL-6-STAT3-LRG1 axis might be a potential strategy to mitigate metastasis in CRC.
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Feng J, Zhan J, Ma S. LRG1 promotes hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8897-8907. [PMID: 34643170 PMCID: PMC8806971 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1988368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy play important roles in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the effect of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) on the apoptosis and autophagy of H9c2 has not yet been reported. It was found through differential gene analysis and LASSO analysis that LRG1 was the key gene in AMI. In this study, western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of Bax, Bcl2, LC3, p62, LRG1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); CCK-8 assay was employed to detect cell viability; Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was adopted to evaluate apoptosis, and immunofluorescence assay was applied to detect autophagy. Under hypoxia conditions in H9c2 cells, LRG1 protein levels were increased, the cell activity was decreased, and apoptosis and autophagy were promoted; the downregulated LRG1 significantly enhanced cell viability but inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. When knocking down HIF-1α in the overexpressed LRG1 cells, the effects of LRG1 were reversed under hypoxia condition. In conclusion, LRG1/HIF-1α promoted H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy in hypoxia, potentially providing new ideas for the determination and treatment of AMI. Abbreviation: LRG1: Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1; LRR: leucine-rich repeat; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; AMI: acute myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Feng
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiachen Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Singhal M, Gengenbacher N, Pari AAA, Kamiyama M, Hai L, Kuhn BJ, Kallenberg DM, Kulkarni SR, Camilli C, Preuß SF, Leuchs B, Mogler C, Espinet E, Besemfelder E, Heide D, Heikenwalder M, Sprick MR, Trumpp A, Krijgsveld J, Schlesner M, Hu J, Moss SE, Greenwood J, Augustin HG. Temporal multi-omics identifies LRG1 as a vascular niche instructor of metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe6805. [PMID: 34516824 PMCID: PMC7614902 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe6805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. Tumor cell interactions with cells of the vessel wall are decisive and potentially rate-limiting for metastasis. The molecular nature of this cross-talk is, beyond candidate gene approaches, hitherto poorly understood. Using endothelial cell (EC) bulk and single-cell transcriptomics in combination with serum proteomics, we traced the evolution of the metastatic vascular niche in surgical models of lung metastasis. Temporal multiomics revealed that primary tumors systemically reprogram the body’s vascular endothelium to perturb homeostasis and to precondition the vascular niche for metastatic growth. The vasculature with its enormous surface thereby serves as amplifier of tumor-induced instructive signals. Comparative analysis of lung EC gene expression and secretome identified the transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) pathway specifier LRG1, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, as an early instructor of metastasis. In the presence of a primary tumor, ECs systemically up-regulated LRG1 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)–dependent manner. A meta-analysis of retrospective clinical studies revealed a corresponding up-regulation of LRG1 concentrations in the serum of patients with cancer. Functionally, systemic up-regulation of LRG1 promoted metastasis in mice by increasing the number of prometastatic neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)+ perivascular cells. In turn, genetic deletion of Lrg1 hampered growth of lung metastasis. Postsurgical adjuvant administration of an LRG1-neutralizing antibody delayed metastatic growth and increased overall survival. This study has established a systems map of early primary tumor-induced vascular changes and identified LRG1 as a therapeutic target for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Singhal
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashik Ahmed Abdul Pari
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miki Kamiyama
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Junior Group Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca J. Kuhn
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David M. Kallenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhada R. Kulkarni
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie F. Preuß
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Leuchs
- Vector Development & Production Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Besemfelder
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R. Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Divison of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Junior Group Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen E. Moss
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174330. [PMID: 34503141 PMCID: PMC8431734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, diagnosis is reached when the tumor has already spread and prognosis is quite poor. For that reason, the research for new biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and its management is essential. Exosomes are microvesicles actively secreted by cells, especially by tumor cells, hauling molecules that mimic molecules of the producing cells. There are multiple methods for exosome isolation and analysis, although not standardized, and cancer exosomes from biological fluids are especially difficult to study. Exosomes' cargo proteins, RNA, and DNA participate in the communication between cells, favoring lung cancer development by delivering signals for growth, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and even drug resistance. Exosome analysis can be useful as a type of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods.
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13
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Javaid F, Pilotti C, Camilli C, Kallenberg D, Bahou C, Blackburn J, R Baker J, Greenwood J, Moss SE, Chudasama V. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as a novel ADC target. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1206-1220. [PMID: 34458833 PMCID: PMC8341842 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is present abundantly in the microenvironment of many tumours where it contributes to vascular dysfunction, which impedes the delivery of therapeutics. In this work we demonstrate that LRG1 is predominantly a non-internalising protein. We report the development of a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising the anti-LRG1 hinge-stabilised IgG4 monoclonal antibody Magacizumab coupled to the anti-mitotic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a cleavable dipeptide linker using the site-selective disulfide rebridging dibromopyridazinedione (diBrPD) scaffold. It is demonstrated that this ADC retains binding post-modification, is stable in serum and effective in in vitro cell studies. We show that the extracellular LRG1-targeting ADC provides an increase in survival in vivo when compared against antibody alone and similar anti-tumour activity when compared against standard chemotherapy, but without undesired side-effects. LRG1 targeting through this ADC presents a novel and effective proof-of-concept en route to improving the efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Javaid
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Camilla Pilotti
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - David Kallenberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Calise Bahou
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Jack Blackburn
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - James R Baker
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John Greenwood
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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14
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Yang J, Xu R, Wang C, Qiu J, Ren B, You L. Early screening and diagnosis strategies of pancreatic cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1257-1274. [PMID: 34331845 PMCID: PMC8696234 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis. Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of typical early symptoms. Thus, an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving its prognosis. Currently, screening is often applied in high‐risk individuals to achieve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Fully understanding the risk factors of pancreatic cancer and pathogenesis could help us identify the high‐risk population and achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment of pancreatic cancer. Notably, accumulating studies have been undertaken to improve the detection rate of different imaging methods and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) which is the golden standard for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. In addition, there are currently no biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer to be applied in the clinic. As the only serum biomarker approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) is not recommended to be used in the early screening of pancreatic cancer because of its limited specificity. Recently, increasing numbers of studies focused on the discovering of novel serum biomarkers and exploring their combination with CA19‐9 in the detection of pancreatic cancer. Besides, the application of liquid biopsy involving circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes in blood and biomarkers in urine, and saliva in pancreatic cancer diagnosis are drawing more and more attention. Furthermore, many innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, computer‐aided diagnosis system, metabolomics technology, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) associated technologies, and novel nanomaterials have been tested for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and have shown promising prospects. Hence, this review aims to summarize the recent progress in the development of early screening and diagnostic methods, including imaging, pathological examination, serological examination, liquid biopsy, as well as other potential diagnostic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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O'Neill RS, Stoita A. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4045-4087. [PMID: 34326612 PMCID: PMC8311531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale. The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis, partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. To combat this, there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma. Currently, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker. In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC, there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC. Currently, promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA (miRNA) in serum and circulating tumour cells. Both these modalities, although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice, possess merit in the early detection of PC. We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC (serum, urinary, salivary, faecal, pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S O'Neill
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alina Stoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
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16
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Pang KT, Ghim M, Liu C, Tay HM, Fhu CW, Chia RN, Qiu B, Sarathchandra P, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Wilkinson FL, Weston R, Warboys CM, Hou HW, Weinberg PD, Wang X. Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein 1 Suppresses Endothelial Cell Activation Through ADAM10-Mediated Shedding of TNF-α Receptor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706143. [PMID: 34291056 PMCID: PMC8288075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum concentrations of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) have been reported in patients with inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of LRG1 in endothelial activation. LRG1 in endothelial cells (ECs) of arteries and serum of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. LRG1 expression in sheared and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated ECs was analyzed. The mechanistic role of LRG1 in endothelial activation was studied in vitro. Plasma of 37-week-old Lrg1 -/- mice was used to investigate causality between LRG1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) shedding. LRG1 was highly expressed in ECs of stenotic but not normal arteries. LRG1 concentrations in serum of patients with CLI were elevated compared to healthy controls. LRG1 expression was shear dependent. It could be induced by TNF-α, and the induction of its expression was mediated by NF-κB activation. LRG1 inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signaling, expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and monocyte capture, firm adhesion, and transendothelial migration. Mechanistically, LRG1 exerted its function by causing the shedding of TNFR1 via the ALK5-SMAD2 pathway and the subsequent activation of ADAM10. Consistent with this mechanism, LRG1 and sTNFR1 concentrations were correlated in the serum of CLI patients. Causality between LRG1 and TNFR1 shedding was established by showing that Lrg1 -/- mice had lower plasma sTNFR1 concentrations than wild type mice. Our results demonstrate a novel role for LRG1 in endothelial activation and its potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuin Tian Pang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mean Ghim
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Fhu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Ning Chia
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beiying Qiu
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian H Chester
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ria Weston
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina M Warboys
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Kwan YP, Teo MHY, Lim JCW, Tan MS, Rosellinny G, Wahli W, Wang X. LRG1 Promotes Metastatic Dissemination of Melanoma through Regulating EGFR/STAT3 Signalling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3279. [PMID: 34208965 PMCID: PMC8269286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although less common, melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer largely due to its highly metastatic nature. Currently, there are limited treatment options for metastatic melanoma and many of them could cause serious side effects. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex disease pathophysiology of metastatic melanoma may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the role of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in melanoma development and progression. We first established the association between LRG1 and melanoma in both human patient biopsies and mouse melanoma cell lines and revealed a significant induction of LRG1 expression in metastatic melanoma cells. We then showed no change in tumour cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis in the absence of the host Lrg1. On the other hand, there was reduced melanoma cell metastasis to the lungs in Lrg1-deficient mice. This observation was supported by the promoting effect of LRG1 in melanoma cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. Mechanistically, LRG1 mediates melanoma cell invasiveness in an EGFR/STAT3-dependent manner. Taken together, our studies provided compelling evidence that LRG1 is required for melanoma metastasis but not growth. Targeting LRG1 may offer an alternative strategy to control malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Ping Kwan
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.P.K.); (M.H.Y.T.); (G.R.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Melissa Hui Yen Teo
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.P.K.); (M.H.Y.T.); (G.R.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Michelle Siying Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Graciella Rosellinny
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.P.K.); (M.H.Y.T.); (G.R.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.P.K.); (M.H.Y.T.); (G.R.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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18
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Al-Shaheri FN, Alhamdani MSS, Bauer AS, Giese N, Büchler MW, Hackert T, Hoheisel JD. Blood biomarkers for differential diagnosis and early detection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 96:102193. [PMID: 33865174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently the most lethal tumor entity and case numbers are rising. It will soon be the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Mortality is close to incidence and patient survival after diagnosis stands at about five months. Blood-based diagnostics could be one crucial factor for improving this dismal situation and is at a stage that could make this possible. Here, we are reviewing the current state of affairs with its problems and promises, looking at various molecule types. Reported results are evaluated in the overall context. Also, we are proposing steps toward clinical utility that should advance the development toward clinical application by improving biomarker quality but also by defining distinct clinical objectives and the respective diagnostic accuracies required to achieve them. Many of the discussed points and conclusions are highly relevant to other solid tumors, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz N Al-Shaheri
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mohamed S S Alhamdani
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia Giese
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Muk T, Jiang PP, Stensballe A, Skovgaard K, Sangild PT, Nguyen DN. Prenatal Endotoxin Exposure Induces Fetal and Neonatal Renal Inflammation via Innate and Th1 Immune Activation in Preterm Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565484. [PMID: 33193334 PMCID: PMC7643587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis (CA) predisposes to preterm birth and affects the fetal mucosal surfaces (i.e., gut, lungs, and skin) via intra-amniotic (IA) inflammation, thereby accentuating the proinflammatory status in newborn preterm infants. It is not known if CA may affect more distant organs, such as the kidneys, before and after preterm birth. Using preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants, we investigated the impact of CA on fetal and neonatal renal status and underlying mechanisms. Fetal pigs received an IA dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were delivered preterm by cesarean section 3 days later (90% gestation), and compared with controls (CON) at birth and at postnatal day 5. Plasma proteome and inflammatory targets in kidney tissues were evaluated. IA LPS-exposed pigs showed inflammation of fetal membranes, higher fetal plasma creatinine, and neonatal urinary microalbumin levels, indicating renal dysfunction. At birth, plasma proteomics revealed LPS effects on proteins associated with renal inflammation (up-regulated LRG1, down-regulated ICA, and ACE). Kidney tissues of LPS pigs at birth also showed increased levels of kidney injury markers (LRG1, KIM1, NGLA, HIF1A, and CASP3), elevated molecular traits related to innate immune activation (infiltrated MPO+ cells, complement molecules, oxidative stress, TLR2, TLR4, S100A9, LTF, and LYZ), and Th1 responses (CD3+ cells, ratios of IFNG/IL4, and TBET/GATA3). Unlike in plasma, innate and adaptive immune responses in kidney tissues of LPS pigs persisted to postnatal day 5. We conclude that prenatal endotoxin exposure induces fetal and postnatal renal inflammation in preterm pigs with both innate and adaptive immune activation, partly explaining the potential increased risks of kidney injury in preterm infants born with CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tik Muk
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Jin Z, Kobayashi S, Gotoh K, Takahashi T, Eguchi H, Naka T, Mori M, Doki Y. The Prognostic Impact of Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein-1 in Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Association With the IL-6/TGF-β1 Axis. J Surg Res 2020; 252:147-155. [PMID: 32278969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG) has been found to participate in the development of various cancers through its involvement in TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and/or angiogenesis and can be induced by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. As we previously showed the implication of IL-6/TGF-β axis in EMT of cholangiocarcinoma cells, we herein explored the prognostic impact of LRG in postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and assessed the association between tumor LRG and factors such as TGF-β1, IL-6, and the tumor microvessel density. METHODS We determined the expression of LRG, IL-6, TGF-β1, and CD31 in cancer tissues from 50 ICC patients by immunohistochemistry and analyzed their association with the prognosis. RESULTS The LRG expression was closely associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in postoperative ICC. A multivariate Cox regression model indicated that LRG as an independently associated with poor RFS (hazard ratio = 2.4339, P = 0.0354) and OS (hazard ratio = 2.8892, P = 0.0268). The LRG expression was significantly associated with the expression of TGF-β1 (P = 0.0003) and IL-6 (P = 0.0164). CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of LRG in tumors was an independent prognostic factor in patients with postoperative ICC. LRG was closely associated with the TGF-β1 expression and seems to be an important member of the IL-6/TGF-β1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Testuji Naka
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi University, Nangoku, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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21
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Fukamachi K, Hagiwara Y, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Tsuda H, Suzui M. Evaluation of a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreas cancer using an animal model. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:135-141. [PMID: 31404387 PMCID: PMC6682554 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been taken to identify new biomarkers of pancreatic ductal
carcinoma (PDC). Since animal models can be sampled under controlled conditions, better
standardization is possible compared with heterogeneous human studies. Transgenic rats
with conditional activation of oncogenic RAS in pancreatic tissue develop PDC that closely
resembles the biological and histopathological features of human PDC. Using this model, we
evaluated the usefulness of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) as a serum marker. In
this study, we found that LRG-1 was overexpressed in rat PDC compared with normal pancreas
tissue of the control rats. Serum levels of LRG-1 were also significantly higher in rats
bearing PDC than in controls. Importantly, chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori
rats, which is a widely accepted as a model of chronic pancreatitis, did not cause serum
levels of LRG-1 to become elevated. These results strongly support serum LRG-1 as a
candidate biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of PDC. Our models of pancreas cancer
provide a useful strategy for evaluation of candidate markers applicable to human
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hagiwara
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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22
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Li Z, Zeng C, Nong Q, Long F, Liu J, Mu Z, Chen B, Wu D, Wu H. Exosomal Leucine-Rich-Alpha2-Glycoprotein 1 Derived from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Promotes Angiogenesis via TGF-β Signal Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:313-322. [PMID: 31528707 PMCID: PMC6739429 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause for cancer-related deaths around the globe, partially due to the frequent recurrence and metastasis. Leucine-rich-alpha2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is reportedly upregulated in several cancers including NSCLC; however, its functions in NSCLC remain elusive. We used quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assays to evaluate the expression patterns of LRG1 in tumor tissues collected from NSCLC patients, as well as NSCLC cell lines, and examined the effects of LRG1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Further, we isolated exosomes from the blood of NSCLC patients, as well as NSCLC cell cultures, and assessed the impact of exosome exposure on the angiogenic capacities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. LRG1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells and induced an enhancement of NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, LRG1 was enriched in the exosomes derived from NSCLC tissue and cells, and mediated a proangiogenic effect via the activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway. Exosomal LRG1 derived from NSCLC cells promotes angiogenesis via TGF-β signaling and possesses the potential of a therapeutic target in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Respiration, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaohong Nong
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feihu Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhimin Mu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Baokun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Da Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
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23
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Cui Y, Sun D, Song R, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang Y, Meng F, Lan Y, Han J, Pan S, Liang S, Zhang B, Guo H, Liu Y, Lu Z, Liu L. Upregulation of cystatin SN promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and predicts a poor prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22623-22634. [PMID: 31106426 PMCID: PMC6767558 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin SN, a specific cysteine protease inhibitor, is thought to be involved in various malignant tumors. Therefore, we evaluated the role of cystatin SN in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, cystatin SN was elevated in tumorous samples and cells. Moreover, overexpression of cystatin SN was correlated with tumor diameter and TNM stage. Cox multivariate analysis displayed that cystatin SN was an independent prognosis indicator and that high cystatin SN level was associated with a dismal prognosis. Moreover, cystatin SN enhancement facilitated the proliferation, migratory, and invasive potential of Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells, whereas cystatin SN knockdown caused the opposite effect. Cystatin SN also modulated the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition progression through the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo cystatin SN promoted HCCLM3 cell growth and metastasis in xenograft mice model. Thus, cystatin SN was involved in HCC progression and could be a latent target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shugeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xirui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Fanzheng Meng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yaliang Lan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jihua Han
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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24
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Ban Z, He J, Tang Z, Zhang L, Xu Z. LRG‑1 enhances the migration of thyroid carcinoma cells through promotion of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by activating MAPK/p38 signaling. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3270-3280. [PMID: 31002347 PMCID: PMC6488982 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) has been reported to be associated with multiple malignancies. However, its participation in thyroid carcinoma progression remains unclear. In the present study, the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of LRG-1 in thyroid carcinoma were investigated. It was found that LRG-1 was overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma tissues, and high LRG-1 expression predicted poor patient survival and late tumor stage. As shown in the mouse xenograft study, knockdown of LRG-1 significantly attenuated thyroid cancer growth in vivo. Based on wound healing, Transwell, proliferation and apoptosis assays, it was found that the knockdown of LRG-1, using shLRG-1, inhibited cell migration and invasion, but did not affect proliferation and apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Furthermore, LRG-1 also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thyroid carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis revealed that this tumor-promoting bioactivity of LRG-1 was attributed to its selective activation of MAPK/p38 signaling. All of these findings indicate that LRG-1 plays a deleterious role in the progression of thyroid carcinoma. LRG-1 may serve as a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis in thyroid carcinoma patients, and LRG-1-based therapy may be developed into a novel strategy for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Ban
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Jinnian He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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25
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Chokchaichamnankit D, Watcharatanyatip K, Subhasitanont P, Weeraphan C, Keeratichamroen S, Sritana N, Kantathavorn N, Diskul-Na-Ayudthaya P, Saharat K, Chantaraamporn J, Verathamjamras C, Phoolcharoen N, Wiriyaukaradecha K, Paricharttanakul NM, Udomchaiprasertkul W, Sricharunrat T, Auewarakul C, Svasti J, Srisomsap C. Urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis of cervical cancer by quantitative label-free mass spectrometry analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5453-5468. [PMID: 31186765 PMCID: PMC6507435 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the invasive procedure associated with Pap smears for diagnosing cervical cancer and the conservative culture of developing countries, identifying less invasive biomarkers is of great interest. Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry was performed to identify potential biomarkers in the urine samples of patients with cervical cancer. This technique was used to study the differential expression of urinary proteomes between normal individuals and cancer patients. The alterations in the levels of urinary proteomes in normal and cancer patients were analyzed by Progenesis label-free software and the results revealed that 60 proteins were upregulated while 73 proteins were downregulated in patients with cervical cancer. This method could enrich high molecular weight proteins from 100 kDa. The protein-protein interactions were obtained by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins analysis and predicted the biological pathways involving various functions including cell-cell adhesion, blood coagulation, metabolic processes, stress response and the regulation of morphogenesis. Two notable upregulated urinary proteins were leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) and isoform-1 of multimerin-1 (MMRN1), while the 3 notable downregulated proteins were S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), serpin B3 (SERPINB3) and cluster of differentiation-44 antigen (CD44). The validation of these 5 proteins was performed by western blot analysis and the biomarker sensitivity of these proteins was analyzed individually and in combination with receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis may allow for the identification of urinary proteins of high molecular weight. The proteins MMRN1 and LRG1 were presented, for the first time, to be highly expressed urinary proteins in cervical cancer. ROC analysis revealed that LRG1 and SERPINB3 could be individually used, and these 5 proteins could also be combined, to detect the occurrence of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Churat Weeraphan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Narongrit Sritana
- Molecular and Genomic Research Laboratory, Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nuttavut Kantathavorn
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Woman Health Center, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Kittirat Saharat
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Chris Verathamjamras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Natacha Phoolcharoen
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Woman Health Center, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriangpol Wiriyaukaradecha
- Molecular and Genomic Research Laboratory, Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Wandee Udomchaiprasertkul
- Molecular and Genomic Research Laboratory, Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thaniya Sricharunrat
- Pathology Laboratory Unit, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chantragan Srisomsap
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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26
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Rigby C, Deep G, Jain A, Orlicky DJ, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Silibinin inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced mast cells recruitment and bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in the skin at early stages in Ptch(+/-) mouse model of basal cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1260-1271. [PMID: 30912211 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Around 80% of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), still studies evaluating the efficacy of chemopreventive agents during early stage/s of BCC development are lacking. Accordingly, utilizing the well-established patched (Ptch)+/- mouse model of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced BCC formation, we excised skin samples from UVB exposed Ptch+/- and Ptch+/+ mice before tumor formation to study the promotion/progression of BCC and to determine the efficacy and target/s of silibinin, a well-known skin cancer chemopreventive agent. UVB exposure for 1 month increased the number of mast cells in Ptch+/- mice by ~48% (P < 0.05), which was completely inhibited by silibinin. Polymerase chain reaction profiler array analysis of skin samples showed strong molecular differences between Ptch+/+ and Ptch+/- mice which were either unexposed or UVB irradiated+/- silibinin treatment. Most notably, silibinin treatment significant decreased the expression of BMP-2, Bbc3, PUMA, and Ccnd1 in Ptch+/- mice irradiated with silibinin + UVB. Additional studies showed that silibinin targets UVB-induced expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in Ptch+/- mouse skin. Last, our studies found that silibinin strongly attenuates UVB-induced BMP-2 expression and DNA damage in Ptch+/- mouse skin ex vivo only after single UVB exposure. Together, our results suggest a possible role of mast cell recruitment and BMP-2 activation in the early stages of BCC development; these are strongly inhibited by silibinin suggesting its possible chemopreventive efficacy against BCC formation in long-term UVB exposure regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Rigby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anil Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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27
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Hong Q, Zhang L, Fu J, Verghese DA, Chauhan K, Nadkarni GN, Li Z, Ju W, Kretzler M, Cai GY, Chen XM, D'Agati VD, Coca SG, Schlondorff D, He JC, Lee K. LRG1 Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease Progression by Enhancing TGF- β-Induced Angiogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:546-562. [PMID: 30858225 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular endothelial dysfunction and neoangiogenesis have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the specific molecular pathways contributing to these processes in the early stages of DKD are not well understood. Our recent transcriptomic profiling of glomerular endothelial cells identified a number of proangiogenic genes that were upregulated in diabetic mice, including leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1). LRG1 was previously shown to promote neovascularization in mouse models of ocular disease by potentiating endothelial TGF-β/activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) signaling. However, LRG1's role in the kidney, particularly in the setting of DKD, has been unclear. METHODS We analyzed expression of LRG1 mRNA in glomeruli of diabetic kidneys and assessed its localization by RNA in situ hybridization. We examined the effects of genetic ablation of Lrg1 on DKD progression in unilaterally nephrectomized, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice at 12 and 20 weeks after diabetes induction. We also assessed whether plasma LRG1 was associated with renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS LRG1 localized predominantly to glomerular endothelial cells, and its expression was elevated in the diabetic kidneys. LRG1 ablation markedly attenuated diabetes-induced glomerular angiogenesis, podocyte loss, and the development of diabetic glomerulopathy. These improvements were associated with reduced ALK1-Smad1/5/8 activation in glomeruli of diabetic mice. Moreover, increased plasma LRG1 was associated with worse renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify LRG1 as a potential novel pathogenic mediator of diabetic glomerular neoangiogenesis and a risk factor in DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divya A Verghese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kinsuk Chauhan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; .,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;
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Xie ZB, Zhang YF, Jin C, Mao YS, Fu DL. LRG-1 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis via modulation of the EGFR/p38 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:75. [PMID: 30760292 PMCID: PMC6374912 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormal expression of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) is reported to be associated with multiple malignancies, but its role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains to be determined. METHODS The expression of LRG-1 was assessed in PDAC tissues by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. LRG-1-silenced or overexpressed cell lines were constructed using shRNA or LRG-1-overexpressing plasmids. EdU incorporation assay, Transwell invasion and wound-healing assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation, invasion and migration of PDAC cells. In addition, protein expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was detected using Western blot. Finally, Co-immunoprecipitation assay was conducted in search of the potential interaction between LRG-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS The expression of LRG-1 in PDAC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue, and high LRG-1 expression predicted poor survival and a late tumor stage. In addition, LRG-1 markedly promoted the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells in vitro and facilitated tumor growth in vivo. More importantly, we revealed that these bioactivities of LRG-1 might result from its selective interaction with EGFR, which might further activate the p38/MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION LRG-1 may prove to be a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis of PDAC patients. Inhibition of LRG-1 or its downstream pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 ZhizaojuRoad, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yi-Shen Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
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Otsuru T, Kobayashi S, Wada H, Takahashi T, Gotoh K, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Noda T, Asaoka T, Serada S, Fujimoto M, Eguchi H, Mori M, Doki Y, Naka T. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor beta in pancreatic cancer is potentiated by the inflammatory glycoprotein leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:985-996. [PMID: 30575211 PMCID: PMC6398893 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that an inflammation‐related, molecule leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein (LRG) enhances the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced phosphorylation of Smad proteins and is elevated in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As TGF‐β/Smad signaling is considered to play a key role in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), we attempted to clarify the mechanism underlying LRG‐related EMT in relation to metastasis in PDAC. We cultured LRG‐overexpressing PDAC cells (Panc1/LRG) and evaluated the morphology, EMT‐related molecules and TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in these cells. We also assessed the LRG levels in plasma and resected specimens from patients with PDAC. Inflammatory cytokines induced LRG production in PDAC cells. A spindle‐like shape was visualized more frequently than other shapes in Panc1/LRG with TGF‐β1 exposure. The expression of E‐cadherin in Panc1/LRG was decreased with TGF‐β1 exposure. Invasion increased with TGF‐β1 stimulation of Panc1/LRG. The phosphorylation of smad2 in Panc1/LRG was increased in comparison with parental Panc1 under TGF‐β1 stimulation. In the plasma LRG‐high group, the recurrence rate tended to be higher and the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) tended to be worse in comparison with the plasma LRG‐low group. LRG enhanced EMT induced by TGF‐β signaling, thus indicating that LRG has a significant effect on the metastasis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Otsuru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Testuji Naka
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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30
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Proteomic biomarkers in body fluids associated with pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16573-16587. [PMID: 29662668 PMCID: PMC5893263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant disease that represents the fourth leading cancer-related death worldwide. There has been very little improvement in survival rates over recent years, and surgical resection remains the only reliable curative approach. Factors that contribute to this dismal prognosis for PC include its rapid progression and invasion, the absence of specific symptoms, and the little impact of available chemotherapy. Importantly, the management of this malignancy is also limited by the lack of highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for its diagnosis and follow-up, and their identification is therefore considered a promising strategy to improve outcomes in these patients. Numerous translational studies have explored the usefulness of body fluids as a non-invasive source of PC-specific biomarkers, and innovations in proteomic methods and technologies have provided a myriad of protein biomarkers for different cancers. The adoption of a proteomic approach has improved understanding of the biology of PC and contributed to the potential identification of protein biomarkers for this disease. This review considers the most recent research efforts to develop novel proteomic biomarkers in body fluids for PC.
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31
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Miyauchi E, Furuta T, Ohtsuki S, Tachikawa M, Uchida Y, Sabit H, Obuchi W, Baba T, Watanabe M, Terasaki T, Nakada M. Identification of blood biomarkers in glioblastoma by SWATH mass spectrometry and quantitative targeted absolute proteomics. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513714 PMCID: PMC5841790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers in blood are needed to aid the early diagnosis and clinical assessment of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, in order to identify biomarker candidates in plasma of GBM patients, we performed quantitative comparisons of the plasma proteomes of GBM patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 15) using SWATH mass spectrometry analysis. The results were validated by means of quantitative targeted absolute proteomics analysis. As a result, we identified eight biomarker candidates for GBM (leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1), complement component C9 (C9), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3), apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB), gelsolin (GSN), Ig alpha-1 chain C region (IGHA1), and apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4)). Among them, LRG1, C9, CRP, GSN, IGHA1, and APOA4 gave values of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of greater than 0.80. To investigate the relationships between the biomarker candidates and GBM biology, we examined correlations between plasma concentrations of biomarker candidates and clinical presentation (tumor size, progression-free survival time, or overall survival time) in GBM patients. The plasma concentrations of LRG1, CRP, and C9 showed significant positive correlations with tumor size (R2 = 0.534, 0.495, and 0.452, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Miyauchi
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hemragul Sabit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Obuchi
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Baba
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michitoshi Watanabe
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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32
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Tran TT, Bollineni RC, Koehler CJ, Thiede B. Absolute two-point quantification of proteins using dimethylated proteotypic peptides. Analyst 2018; 143:4359-4365. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For absolute quantification of target proteins by LC-MS, adding two versions of spike-in peptides can be used as a quality control against each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences
- University of Oslo
- Norway
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33
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Fatty Acid-Mediated Stromal Reprogramming of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Induces Inflammation and Fibrosis That Fuels Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2017; 46:1259-1266. [PMID: 28991878 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Fatty acids (FAs) have properties that affect both cancer cells and tumor environment. We assessed the effects of FAs on malignant characteristics in a pancreatic cancer and pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) coculture model. This study aimed to clarify the FA signature of PSC-derived inflammation and fibrosis in vitro and in a clinicopathological analysis. METHODS The in vitro model involved coculture of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 with human PSCs. Clinical histological samples were analyzed to characterize the surgical margins of samples from patients who received distal pancreatectomies. RESULTS The pancreatic cancer cells took up lipids from the culture media. Saturated and unsaturated FAs were required to induce inflammatory responses in human PSCs, and the cocultures showed fibrotic changes. Clinical samples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients had more fatty and fibrotic changes in the normal tissue in the surgical margins than samples from noncancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and fibrosis levels were increased in pancreatic cancer specimens, supporting the in vitro observations and suggesting that PSCs contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis. Pancreatic stellate cells thus represent a potential therapeutic target for suppressing stromal changes in pancreatic cancer.
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34
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Yamamoto M, Takahashi T, Serada S, Sugase T, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y, Makino T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Naka T, Mori M, Doki Y. Overexpression of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 is a prognostic marker and enhances tumor migration in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2052-2060. [PMID: 28746773 PMCID: PMC5623762 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Although improvement in chemotherapy has been achieved, the clinical prognosis of advanced gastric cancer remains poor. Therefore, it is increasingly important to predict the prognosis and determine whether patients should or should not receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Leucine‐rich α2‐glycoprotein‐1 (LRG1) is overexpressed during inflammation and is associated with various malignancies. In this study, we assessed LRG1 expression in cancer specimens and in the sera of patients with cancer to clarify the usefulness of LRG1 as a biomarker in gastric cancer. This study enrolled 239 (for immunohistochemical staining; IHC) and 184 (for ELISA) patients with gastric cancer. Results of IHC showed that LRG1 expression was significantly associated with histological type, lymphatic and venous invasion, tumor and node factors, and disease stage. Overall survival was significantly worse in the high LRG1 expression group than in the low LRG1 group (P = 0.0003). Cox multivariate analysis of overall survival revealed that LRG1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0258). Serum LRG1 was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than in healthy volunteers, and increased as the pathological stage progressed. Furthermore, a significant correlation was revealed between serum LRG1 level and LRG1 expression with IHC (P < 0.0001). Inhibition of LRG1 significantly decreased cell proliferation in vitro (migratory and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells). These results suggest that LRG1 expression in tumors and serum may be a useful prognostic marker in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahito Sugase
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Testsuji Naka
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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LRG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via RUNX1 activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175122. [PMID: 28376129 PMCID: PMC5380360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been shown to be involved in various human malignancies. Whether it plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether and through what mechanism LRG1 functions in human CRC cells. The plasma level of LRG1 was significantly increased in CRC patients, but it was remarkably decreased in patients with resected colorectal cancers. Meanwhile, both mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were remarkable overexpressed in CRC tissues than normal tissues. The knockdown of LRG1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and promoted apoptosis in SW480 and HCT116 cells in vitro. In addition, LRG1 silencing led to the downregulation of the levels of key cell cycle factors, such as cyclin D1, B, and E and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2). However, it up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, RUNX1 could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration-dependent manner, while the knockdown of RUNX1 blocked the promotion of the proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis induced by LRG1. Collectively, these findings indicate that LRG1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC by regulating RUNX1 expression. Thus, LRG1 may be a potential detection biomarker as well as a marker for monitoring recurrence and therapeutic target for CRC.
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36
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Capello M, Bantis LE, Scelo G, Zhao Y, Li P, Dhillon DS, Patel NJ, Kundnani DL, Wang H, Abbruzzese JL, Maitra A, Tempero MA, Brand R, Firpo MA, Mulvihill SJ, Katz MH, Brennan P, Feng Z, Taguchi A, Hanash SM. Sequential Validation of Blood-Based Protein Biomarker Candidates for Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2952681. [PMID: 28376157 PMCID: PMC5441297 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CA19-9, which is currently in clinical use as a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biomarker, has limited performance in detecting early-stage disease. We and others have identified protein biomarker candidates that have the potential to complement CA19-9. We have carried out sequential validations starting with 17 protein biomarker candidates to determine which markers and marker combination would improve detection of early-stage disease compared with CA19-9 alone. Methods Candidate biomarkers were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based sequential validation using independent multiple sample cohorts consisting of PDAC cases (n = 187), benign pancreatic disease (n = 93), and healthy controls (n = 169). A biomarker panel for early-stage PDAC was developed based on a logistic regression model. All statistical tests for the results presented below were one-sided. Results Six out of the 17 biomarker candidates and CA19-9 were validated in a sample set consisting of 75 PDAC patients, 27 healthy subjects, and 19 chronic pancreatitis patients. A second independent set of 73 early-stage PDAC patients, 60 healthy subjects, and 74 benign pancreatic disease patients (combined validation set) yielded a model that consisted of TIMP1, LRG1, and CA19-9. Additional blinded testing of the model was done using an independent set of plasma samples from 39 resectable PDAC patients and 82 matched healthy subjects (test set). The model yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.949 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.917 to 0.981) and 0.887 (95% CI = 0.817 to 0.957) with sensitivities of 0.849 and 0.667 at 95% specificity in discriminating early-stage PDAC vs healthy subjects in the combined validation and test sets, respectively. The performance of the biomarker panel was statistically significantly improved compared with CA19-9 alone (P < .001, combined validation set; P = .008, test set). Conclusion The addition of TIMP1 and LRG1 immunoassays to CA19-9 statistically significantly improves the detection of early-stage PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Capello
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Leonidas E. Bantis
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Yang Zhao
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Peng Li
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Dilsher S. Dhillon
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Nikul J. Patel
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Deepali L. Kundnani
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Hong Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - James L. Abbruzzese
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Margaret A. Tempero
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Randall Brand
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Matthew A. Firpo
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Sean J. Mulvihill
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Matthew H. Katz
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Paul Brennan
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Ziding Feng
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
| | - Samir M. Hanash
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention (MC, DSD, NJP, DLK, HW, SMH), Biostatistics (LEB, YZ, ZF), Pathology (AM), Surgical Oncology (MHK), and Translational Molecular Pathology (AT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (GS, PL, PB); Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC (JLA); Pancreas Center, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (MAT); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (RB); Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (MAF, SJM)
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Shinzaki S, Matsuoka K, Iijima H, Mizuno S, Serada S, Fujimoto M, Arai N, Koyama N, Morii E, Watanabe M, Hibi T, Kanai T, Takehara T, Naka T. Leucine-rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein is a Serum Biomarker of Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:84-91. [PMID: 27466171 PMCID: PMC5175492 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although several noninvasive and easily accessible biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are available, their sensitivity and specificity are not adequate to be used as single markers and do not overrule the need for endoscopic evaluation. We previously reported that serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein [LRG] was a novel biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis and IBD. We herein investigated whether LRG could indicate endoscopic activity in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. METHODS Serum LRG concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] in consecutive 129 patients with UC in two tertiary care hospitals, and associations of LRG with clinical and endoscopic activities were evaluated. Clinical activity index [CAI] < 6 was defined as clinical remission, and mucosal healing [MH] and complete mucosal healing were defined as Matts' endoscopic grades of 1 or 2 and grade of 1, respectively. RESULTS Serum LRG levels were significantly increased and correlated with clinical and endoscopic activities in patients with UC. LRG levels were associated with both clinical and endoscopic activities even in patients with normal serum C-reactive protein [CRP] levels. Furthermore, LRG levels were significantly lower in patients with complete MH and deep remission. Serial measurements of LRG levels in a subset of patients demonstrated that LRG was significantly elevated during the endoscopically active stage compared with that during the MH stage. CONCLUSIONS Serum LRG is a novel biomarker for detecting MH during disease course in patients with UC and a surrogate marker of endoscopic inflammation in patients with normal CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinta Mizuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Arai
- Department of Research and Development, EIDIA Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koyama
- Department of Research and Development, EIDIA Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein promotes TGFβ1-mediated growth suppression in the Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11009-22. [PMID: 25826092 PMCID: PMC4484435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG) is an approximately 50-kDa glycoprotein that has been found to be elevated in the sera of patients with several types of cancer. LRG directly binds to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and modulates TGFβ1 signaling in endothelial cells; however, the precise function of LRG in cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of LRG in cancer. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells hardly expressed LRG. The growth of LLC tumors allografted in the LRG knockout (KO) mice was significantly increased compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Conversely, overexpression of LRG significantly inhibited the growth of LLC tumors in WT mice. In the presence of LRG, TGFβ1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis via the potent activation of smad2 and its downstream signaling pathway. Furthermore, administration of a TGFβR1 inhibitor (SB431542) significantly enhanced the growth of LLC tumors in WT mice compared with LRG KO mice via inhibition of apoptosis. We propose that LRG potentiates the effect of TGFβ1 in cancer cells whose growth is suppressed in the presence of TGFβ1.
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Zhang J, Zhu L, Fang J, Ge Z, Li X. LRG1 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer via HIF-1α activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:29. [PMID: 26856989 PMCID: PMC4746930 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been reported to be involved in several tumors, whether it participates in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of LRG1 in CRC. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were assessed in CRC tissues through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with LRG1 siRNA, control siRNA, or recombinant LRG1. Transwell invasion assays and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of E-cadherin, VDR, N-cadherin, α-SMA, Vimentin and Twist1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the secretion level of VEGF-A. Conditioned medium from CRC cells was collected for endothelial cell migration, tube formation and aortic ring sprouting assays. Results LRG1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and associated with cancer aggressiveness. LRG1 was further found to induce the EMT process, as well as CRC cell migration and invasion capacity. In addition, LRG1 promoted VEGF-A expression in CRC cells and contributed to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, HIF-1α could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was responsible for LRG1-induced VEGF-A expression and EMT. Conclusions The present study suggests that LRG1 plays a crucial role in the progression of CRC by regulating HIF-1α expression, thereby may be a promising therapeutic target of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Lingyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Zhizheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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