1
|
Barron A, Barrett L, Tuulari J, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, McCarthy C, O'Keeffe G. sFlt-1 impairs neurite growth and neuronal differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells and human neurons. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240562. [PMID: 38700092 PMCID: PMC11130541 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in exposed offspring. The pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this relationship are currently unknown, and one potential candidate is the anti-angiogenic factor soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), which is highly elevated in PE. While sFlt-1 can impair angiogenesis via inhibition of VEGFA signalling, it is unclear whether it can directly affect neuronal development independently of its effects on the vasculature. To test this hypothesis, the current study differentiated the human neural progenitor cell (NPC) line ReNcell® VM into a mixed culture of mature neurons and glia, and exposed them to sFlt-1 during development. Outcomes measured were neurite growth, cytotoxicity, mRNA expression of nestin, MBP, GFAP, and βIII-tubulin, and neurosphere differentiation. sFlt-1 induced a significant reduction in neurite growth and this effect was timing- and dose-dependent up to 100 ng/ml, with no effect on cytotoxicity. sFlt-1 (100 ng/ml) also reduced βIII-tubulin mRNA and neuronal differentiation of neurospheres. Undifferentiated NPCs and mature neurons/glia expressed VEGFA and VEGFR-2, required for endogenous autocrine and paracrine VEGFA signalling, while sFlt-1 treatment prevented the neurogenic effects of exogenous VEGFA. Overall, these data provide the first experimental evidence for a direct effect of sFlt-1 on neurite growth and neuronal differentiation in human neurons through inhibition of VEGFA signalling, clarifying our understanding of the potential role of sFlt-1 as a mechanism by which PE can affect neuronal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Barron
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauren Barrett
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W. O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maytalman E, Nemutlu Samur D. Neuroendocrine modulation by metamizole and indomethacin: investigating the impact on neuronal markers and GnRH release. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03822-3. [PMID: 38625503 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some evidence that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have neuroprotective effects indicates their potential for use in a new field. However, their effects on hormone secretion have yet to be adequately discovered. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of metamizole and indomethacin on neuronal markers as well as the GnRH expression in the GT1-7 cell line. METHODS The effects of these drugs on proliferation were evaluated by MTT analysis. The effect of 10-50-250 µM concentrations of the drugs also on the expression of neuronal factors and markers, including NGF, nestin and βIII Tubulin, and additionally GnRH, was determined by the RT-qPCR method. RESULTS NGF and nestin mRNA expressions were increased in all concentrations of both metamizole and indomethacin. No changes were detected in βIII Tubulin. While metamizole showed an increase in GnRH mRNA expression, there was no change at 10 and 50 µM concentrations of indomethacin, but a remarkable decrease was observed at 250 µM concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showing an increase in the expression of neuronal factors reveal that metamizole and indomethacin may have possible neuroprotective effects. Moreover, the effects on the GnRH expression appear to be different. Animal models are required to confirm these effects of NSAIDs on neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Maytalman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Nemutlu Samur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park S, Oh HN, Kim WK. Human coculture model of astrocytes and SH-SY5Y cells to test the neurotoxicity of chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115912. [PMID: 38181562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we established a coculture model comprising human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes, faithfully replicating the human brain environment for in vitro neurotoxicity assessment. We optimized the cell differentiation duration and cell ratios to obtain images conducive to neurite outgrowth evaluation. Subsequently, the neurotoxic effects in the coculture and monoculture of SH-SY5Y cells were confirmed using neurotoxic agents such as acrylamide (ACR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Disparities in the neurotoxic impacts of ACR and H2O2 within the coculture were mirrored in the expression of genes associated with early neuronal injury. Notably, the reduction in neurite outgrowth induced by neurotoxic agents revealed the coculture's lower sensitivity compared to monocultures. Furthermore, the coculture system exhibited distinct effects of test agents on nerve damage and manifested protective influences on nerve cells. The proposed methodology holds promise for large-scale chemical neurotoxicity screening through neurite change measurements. This in vitro coculture model, accounting for cell interactions, emerges as a valuable tool in toxicity testing, offering insights into the potential effects of chemicals within the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Mukherjee S, Oviya A, Prakash R, Pareek D, Patra S, Maity S, Rai V, Singh M, Singh G, Yadav DD, Das S, Maiti P, Paik P. Poly( N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) Hydrogel Mimics the Cellular Microenvironment and Promotes Neurite Growth with Protection from Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5644-5661. [PMID: 37993284 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the glycine-based acryloyl monomer is polymerized to obtain a neurogenic polymeric hydrogel for regenerative applications. The synthesized poly(N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) [poly(NAG-b-A)] nanohydrogel exhibits high swelling (∼1500%) and is mechanically very stable, biocompatible, and proliferative in nature. The poly(NAG-b-A) nanohydrogel provides a stable 3D extracellular mimetic environment and promotes healthy neurite growth for primary cortical neurons by facilitating cellular adhesion, proliferation, actin filament stabilization, and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the protective role of the poly(NAG-b-A) hydrogel for the neurons in oxidative stress conditions is revealed and it is found that it is a clinically relevant material for neuronal regenerative applications, such as for promoting nerve regeneration via GSK3β inhibition. This hydrogel additionally plays an important role in modulating the biological microenvironment, either as an agonist and antagonist or as an antioxidant. Furthermore, it favors the physiological responses and eases the neurite growth efficiency. Additionally, we found out that the conversion of glycine-based acryloyl monomers into their corresponding polymer modulates the mechanical performance, mimics the cellular microenvironment, and accelerates the self-healing capability due to the responsive behavior towards reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the p(NAG-b-A) hydrogel could be a potential candidate to induce neuronal regeneration since it provides a physical cue and significantly boosts neurite outgrowth and also maintains the microtubule integrity in neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Alagu Oviya
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 046, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Puri D, Barry BJ, Engle EC. TUBB3 and KIF21A in neurodevelopment and disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1226181. [PMID: 37600020 PMCID: PMC10436312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1226181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration and axon growth and guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component of neuronal microtubules expressed throughout the life of central and peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic TUBB3 missense variants result in altered TUBB3 function and cause errors either in the growth and guidance of cranial and, to a lesser extent, central axons, or in cortical neuronal migration and organization, and rarely in both. Moreover, human pathogenic missense variants in KIF21A, which encodes an anterograde kinesin motor protein that interacts directly with microtubules, alter KIF21A function and cause errors in cranial axon growth and guidance that can phenocopy TUBB3 variants. Here, we review reported TUBB3 and KIF21A variants, resulting phenotypes, and corresponding functional studies of both wildtype and mutant proteins. We summarize the evidence that, in vitro and in mouse models, loss-of-function and missense variants can alter microtubule dynamics and microtubule-kinesin interactions. Lastly, we highlight additional studies that might contribute to our understanding of the relationship between specific tubulin isotypes and specific kinesin motor proteins in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fracaro L, Hochuli AHD, Selenko AH, Capriglione LGA, Brofman PRS, Senegaglia AC. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth express neuronal markers before differentiation induction. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220489. [PMID: 37075387 PMCID: PMC10118381 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate neuronal markers in stromal cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and standardize the isolation and characterization of those cells. METHODOLOGY Healthy primary teeth were collected from children. The cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. By following the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT) guidelines, SHED were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F) were performed to assess these cells' potential and efficiency. To clarify the neuronal potential of SHED, the expression of nestin and βIII-tubulin were examined by immunofluorescence and SOX1, SOX2, GFAP, and doublecortin (DCX), nestin, CD56, and CD146 by flow cytometry. RESULTS SHED showed mesenchymal stromal cells characteristics, such as adhesion to plastic, positive immunophenotypic profile for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166 markers, reduced expression for CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR, and differentiation in three lineages confirmed by staining and gene expression for adipogenic differentiation. The average efficiency of colony formation was 16.69%. SHED expressed the neuronal markers nestin and βIII-tubulin; the fluorescent signal intensity was significantly higher in βIII-tubulin (p<0.0001) compared to nestin. Moreover, SHED expressed DCX, GFAP, nestin, SOX1, SOX2, CD56, CD146, and CD271. Therefore, SHED had a potential for neuronal lineage even without induction with culture medium and specific factors. CONCLUSION SHEDs may be a new therapeutic strategy for regenerating and repairing neuronal cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fracaro
- Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences - Core for Cell Technology, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Agner Henrique Dorigo Hochuli
- Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences - Core for Cell Technology, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Ana Helena Selenko
- Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences - Core for Cell Technology, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Slud Brofman
- Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences - Core for Cell Technology, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Cristina Senegaglia
- Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences - Core for Cell Technology, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Portela-Lomba M, Simón D, Fernández de Sevilla D, Moreno-Flores MT, Sierra J. Small molecules fail to induce direct reprogramming of adult rat olfactory ensheathing glia to mature neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1110356. [PMID: 36910262 PMCID: PMC9998535 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An approach to generate new neurons after central nervous system injury or disease is direct reprogramming of the individual's own somatic cells into differentiated neurons. This can be achieved either by transduction of viral vectors that express neurogenic transcription factors and/or through induction with small molecules, avoiding introducing foreign genetic material in target cells. In this work, we propose olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) as a candidate for direct reprogramming to neurons with small molecules due to its well-characterized neuro-regenerative capacity. After screening different combinations of small molecules in different culture conditions, only partial reprogramming was achieved: induced cells expressed neuronal markers but lacked the ability of firing action potentials. Our work demonstrates that direct conversion of adult olfactory ensheathing glia to mature, functional neurons cannot be induced only with pharmacological tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Portela-Lomba
- School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Simón
- School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Moreno-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sierra
- School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nitric Oxide Attenuates Human Cytomegalovirus Infection yet Disrupts Neural Cell Differentiation and Tissue Organization. J Virol 2022; 96:e0012622. [PMID: 35862705 PMCID: PMC9327702 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00126-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent betaherpesvirus that is asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients. HCMV is also the leading cause of virus-mediated birth defects. Many of these defects manifest within the central nervous system and include microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and cognitive developmental delays. Nitric oxide is a critical effector molecule produced as a component of the innate immune response during infection. Congenitally infected fetal brains show regions of brain damage, including necrotic foci with infiltrating macrophages and microglia, cell types that produce nitric oxide during infection. Using a 3-dimensional cortical organoid model, we demonstrate that nitric oxide inhibits HCMV spread and simultaneously disrupts neural rosette structures, resulting in tissue disorganization. Nitric oxide also attenuates HCMV replication in 2-dimensional cultures of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), a prominent cell type in cortical organoids that differentiate into neurons and glial cells. The multipotency factor SOX2 was decreased during nitric oxide exposure, suggesting that early neural differentiation is affected. Nitric oxide also reduced maximal mitochondrial respiration in both uninfected and infected NPCs. We determined that this reduction likely influences neural differentiation, as neurons (Tuj1+ GFAP- Nestin-) and glial populations (Tuj1- GFAP+ Nestin-) were reduced following differentiation. Our studies indicate a prominent, immunopathogenic role of nitric oxide in promoting developmental defects within the brain despite its antiviral activity during congenital HCMV infection. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of virus-mediated congenital birth defects. Congenitally infected infants can have a variety of symptoms manifesting within the central nervous system. The use of 3-dimensional (3-D) cortical organoids to model infection of the fetal brain has advanced the current understanding of development and allowed broader investigation of the mechanisms behind disease. However, the impact of the innate immune molecule nitric oxide during HCMV infection has not been explored in neural cells or cortical 3-D models. Here, we investigated the effect of nitric oxide on cortical development during HCMV infection. We demonstrate that nitric oxide plays an antiviral role during infection yet results in disorganized cortical tissue. Nitric oxide contributes to differentiation defects of neuron and glial cells from neural progenitor cells despite inhibiting viral replication. Our results indicate that immunopathogenic consequences of nitric oxide during congenital infection promote developmental defects that undermine its antiviral activity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adalbert R, Cahalan S, Hopkins EL, Almuhanna A, Loreto A, Pór E, Körmöczy L, Perkins J, Coleman MP, Piercy RJ. Cultured dissociated primary dorsal root ganglion neurons from adult horses enable study of axonal transport. J Anat 2022; 241:1211-1218. [PMID: 35728923 PMCID: PMC9558156 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are prevalent in horses, but their study is challenging due to anatomic constraints and the large body size; very few host‐specific in vitro models have been established to study these types of diseases, particularly from adult donor tissue. Here we report the generation of primary neuronal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures from adult horses: the mixed, dissociated cultures, containing neurons and glial cells, remained viable for at least 90 days. Similar to DRG neurons in vivo, cultured neurons varied in size, and they developed long neurites. The mitochondrial movement was detected in cultured cells and was significantly slower in glial cells compared to DRG‐derived neurons. In addition, mitochondria were more elongated in glial cells than those in neurons. Our culture model will be a useful tool to study the contribution of axonal transport defects to specific neurodegenerative diseases in horses as well as comparative studies aimed at evaluating species‐specific differences in axonal transport and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Adalbert
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stephen Cahalan
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Eleanor L Hopkins
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Almuhanna
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Andrea Loreto
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Andrea Loreto, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erzsébet Pór
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Körmöczy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Justin Perkins
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Michael P Coleman
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Functional Deficits of 5×FAD Neural Stem Cells Are Ameliorated by Glutathione Peroxidase 4. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111770. [PMID: 35681465 PMCID: PMC9179411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia affecting millions of people around the globe. Impaired neurogenesis is reported in AD as well as in AD animal models, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Elevated lipid peroxidation products are well-documented in AD. In current study, the role of lipid peroxidation on neural stem cell (NSCs) function is tested. Neural stem cells (NSCs) from 5×FAD mice, a widely used AD model with impaired neurogenesis, were observed to have increased levels of lipid reactive oxygen species compared to NSCs from control WT mice. 5×FAD NSCs exhibited altered differentiation potential as revealed by their propensity to differentiate into astrocytic lineage instead of neuronal lineage compared to WT NSCs. In addition, 5×FAD NSCs showed a reduced level of Gpx4, a key enzyme in reducing hydroperoxides in membrane lipids, and this reduction appeared to be caused by enhanced autophagy-lysosomal degradation of Gpx4 protein. To test if increasing Gpx4 could restore differentiation potential, NSCs from 5×FAD and Gpx4 double transgenic mice, i.e., 5×FAD/GPX4 mice were studied. Remarkably, upon differentiation, neuronal linage cells increased significantly in 5×FAD/GPX4 cultures compared to 5×FAD cultures. Taken together, the findings suggest that deficiency of lipid peroxidation defense contributes to functional decline of NSCs in AD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Duly AMP, Kao FCL, Teo WS, Kavallaris M. βIII-Tubulin Gene Regulation in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:851542. [PMID: 35573698 PMCID: PMC9096907 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.851542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule proteins form a dynamic component of the cytoskeleton, and play key roles in cellular processes, such as vesicular transport, cell motility and mitosis. Expression of microtubule proteins are often dysregulated in cancer. In particular, the microtubule protein βIII-tubulin, encoded by the TUBB3 gene, is aberrantly expressed in a range of epithelial tumours and is associated with drug resistance and aggressive disease. In normal cells, TUBB3 expression is tightly restricted, and is found almost exclusively in neuronal and testicular tissues. Understanding the mechanisms that control TUBB3 expression, both in cancer, mature and developing tissues will help to unravel the basic biology of the protein, its role in cancer, and may ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to target this protein. This review is devoted to the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of TUBB3 in normal and cancerous tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair M. P. Duly
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Felicity C. L. Kao
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Willows JW, Blaszkiewicz M, Lamore A, Borer S, Dubois AL, Garner E, Breeding WP, Tilbury KB, Khalil A, Townsend KL. Visualization and analysis of whole depot adipose tissue neural innervation. iScience 2021; 24:103127. [PMID: 34622172 PMCID: PMC8479257 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the diversity and function of adipose tissue nerves, due in part to the inability to effectively visualize the tissue’s diverse nerve subtypes and the patterns of innervation across an intact depot. The tools to image and quantify adipose tissue innervation are currently limited. Here, we present a method of tissue processing that decreases tissue thickness in the z-axis while leaving cells intact for subsequent immunostaining. This was combined with autofluorescence quenching techniques to permit intact whole tissues to be mounted on slides and imaged by confocal microscopy, with a complementary means to perform whole tissue neurite density quantification after capture of tiled z-stack images. Additionally, we demonstrate how to visualize nerve terminals (the neuro-adipose nexus) in intact blocks of adipose tissue without z-depth reduction. We have included examples of data demonstrating nerve subtypes, neurovascular interactions, label-free imaging of collagen, and nerve bundle digital cross-sections. Whole depot adipose tissue innervation was imaged and quantified by a novel method Numerous aspects of adipose nerve heterogeneity were observed by microscopy We have identified a nerve terminal in adipose, the neuro-adipose nexus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake W Willows
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, 1014 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Magdalena Blaszkiewicz
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, 1014 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Lamore
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Samuel Borer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Amanda L Dubois
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Emma Garner
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - William P Breeding
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Karissa B Tilbury
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Andre Khalil
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,CompuMAINE Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, 1014 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Montana V, Flint D, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A, Parpura V. Two Metabolic Fuels, Glucose and Lactate, Differentially Modulate Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Cultured Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2551-2579. [PMID: 34057673 PMCID: PMC9015689 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have a prominent role in metabolic homeostasis of the brain and can signal to adjacent neurons by releasing glutamate via a process of regulated exocytosis. Astrocytes synthesize glutamate de novo owing to the pyruvate entry to the citric/tricarboxylic acid cycle via pyruvate carboxylase, an astrocyte specific enzyme. Pyruvate can be sourced from two metabolic fuels, glucose and lactate. Thus, we investigated the role of these energy/carbon sources in exocytotic glutamate release from astrocytes. Purified astrocyte cultures were acutely incubated (1 h) in glucose and/or lactate-containing media. Astrocytes were mechanically stimulated, a procedure known to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels and cause exocytotic glutamate release, the dynamics of which were monitored using single cell fluorescence microscopy. Our data indicate that glucose, either taken-up from the extracellular space or mobilized from the intracellular glycogen storage, sustained glutamate release, while the availability of lactate significantly reduced the release of glutamate from astrocytes. Based on further pharmacological manipulation during imaging along with tandem mass spectrometry (proteomics) analysis, lactate alone, but not in the hybrid fuel, caused metabolic changes consistent with an increased synthesis of fatty acids. Proteomics analysis further unveiled complex changes in protein profiles, which were condition-dependent and generally included changes in levels of cytoskeletal proteins, proteins of secretory organelle/vesicle traffic and recycling at the plasma membrane in aglycemic, lactate or hybrid-fueled astrocytes. These findings support the notion that the availability of energy sources and metabolic milieu play a significant role in gliotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Montana
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Daniel Flint
- Luxumbra Strategic Research, LLC, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quintero-Espinosa D, Soto-Mercado V, Quintero-Quinchia C, Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Latent Tri-lineage Potential of Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Revealed by Specific In Vitro Culture Conditions. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5194-5209. [PMID: 34269964 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MenSCs) have become not only an important source of stromal cells for cell therapy but also a cellular source for neurologic disorders in vitro modeling. By using culture protocols originally developed in our laboratory, we show that MenSCs can be converted into floating neurospheres (NSs) using the Fast-N-Spheres medium for 24-72 h and can be transdifferentiated into functional dopaminergic-like (DALNs, ~ 26% TH + /DAT + flow cytometry) and cholinergic-like neurons (ChLNs, ~ 46% ChAT + /VAChT flow cytometry) which responded to dopamine- and acetylcholine-triggered neuronal Ca2+ inward stimuli when cultured with the NeuroForsk and the Cholinergic-N-Run medium, respectively in a timely fashion (i.e., 4-7 days). Here, we also report a direct transdifferentiation method to induce MenSCs into functional astrocyte-like cells (ALCs) by incubation of MenSCs in commercial Gibco® Astrocyte medium in 7 days. The MSC-derived ALCs (~ 59% GFAP + /S100β +) were found to respond to glutamate-induced Ca2+ inward stimuli. Altogether, these results show that MenSCs are a reliable source to obtain functional neurogenic cells to further investigate the neurobiology of neurologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Quintero-Espinosa
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Center (URC), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 no. 52-21, and Calle 62 no. 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Viviana Soto-Mercado
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Center (URC), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 no. 52-21, and Calle 62 no. 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Catherine Quintero-Quinchia
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Center (URC), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 no. 52-21, and Calle 62 no. 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel Mendivil-Perez
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Center (URC), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 no. 52-21, and Calle 62 no. 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Center (URC), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 no. 52-21, and Calle 62 no. 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Research Center (URC), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 no. 52-21, and Calle 62 no. 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, Medellin, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neurogenic and Neuroprotective Potential of Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061475. [PMID: 34208414 PMCID: PMC8231154 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the number of stem-cell based experimental therapies in neurological injuries and neurodegenerative disorders has been massively increasing. Despite the fact that we still have not obtained strong evidence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells’ neurogenic effectiveness in vivo, research may need to focus on more appropriate sources that result in more therapeutically promising cell populations. In this study, we used dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT) that are proven to demonstrate more pluripotent abilities in comparison with standard adipose stromal cells (ASCs). We used the ceiling culture method to establish DFAT cells and to optimize culture conditions with the use of a physioxic environment (5% O2). We also performed neural differentiation tests and assessed the neurogenic and neuroprotective capability of both DFAT cells and ASCs. Our results show that DFAT cells may have a better ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neuron-like cells, both in culture supplemented with N21 and in co-culture with oxygen–glucose-deprived (OGD) hippocampal organotypic slice culture (OHC) in comparison with ASCs. Results also show that DFAT cells have a different secretory profile than ASCs after contact with injured tissue. In conclusion, DFAT cells constitute a distinct subpopulation and may be an alternative source in cell therapy for the treatment of nervous system disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Madadi Z, Akbari-Birgani S, Mohammadi S, Khademy M, Mousavi SA. The effect of caspase-9 in the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174138. [PMID: 33933463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid malignant tumor in infants and young children. Its origin is the incompletely committed precursor cells from the autonomic nervous system. Neuroblastoma cells are multipotent cells with a high potency of differentiation into the neural cell types. Neural differentiation leads to the treatment of neuroblastoma by halting the cell and tumor growth and consequently its expansion. Caspases are a family of proteins involved in apoptosis and differentiation. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of caspase-9 activation on the differentiation of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Here we investigated the caspase-9 and 3/7 activity during 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (D3)-mediated differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and took advantage of the inducible caspase-9 system in putting out the differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells. D3-induced differentiation of the cells could lead to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3/7, astrocyte-like morphology, and increased expression of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). By using the inducible caspase-9 system, we showed differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells to astrocyte-like morphology and increased level of GFAP expression. Furthered studies using a specific caspase-9 inhibitor showed inhibition of differentiation mediated by D3 or caspase-9 to astrocyte-like cells. These results show the potency of caspase-9 to direct differentiation of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells into cells showing an astrocyte-like morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Madadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran; Center for Research in Basic Sciences and Contemporary Technologies, IASBS, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Khademy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sordini L, Garrudo FFF, Rodrigues CAV, Linhardt RJ, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Morgado J. Effect of Electrical Stimulation Conditions on Neural Stem Cells Differentiation on Cross-Linked PEDOT:PSS Films. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:591838. [PMID: 33681153 PMCID: PMC7928331 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.591838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to culture and differentiate neural stem cells (NSCs) to generate functional neural populations is attracting increasing attention due to its potential to enable cell-therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that electrical stimulation improves neuronal differentiation of stem cells populations, highlighting the importance of the development of electroconductive biocompatible materials for NSC culture and differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we report the use of the conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS CLEVIOS P AI 4083) for the manufacture of conductive substrates. Two different protocols, using different cross-linkers (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and divinyl sulfone (DVS) were tested to enhance their stability in aqueous environments. Both cross-linking treatments influence PEDOT:PSS properties, namely conductivity and contact angle. However, only GOPS-cross-linked films demonstrated to maintain conductivity and thickness during their incubation in water for 15 days. GOPS-cross-linked films were used to culture ReNcell-VM under different electrical stimulation conditions (AC, DC, and pulsed DC electrical fields). The polymeric substrate exhibits adequate physicochemical properties to promote cell adhesion and growth, as assessed by Alamar Blue® assay, both with and without the application of electric fields. NSCs differentiation was studied by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study demonstrates that the pulsed DC stimulation (1 V/cm for 12 days), is the most efficient at enhancing the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordini
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Therapeutic Effects of Conditioned Medium of Neural Differentiated Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Rotenone-Induced Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation and Apoptosis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6658271. [PMID: 33552161 PMCID: PMC7847328 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used against several diseases. Their potential mainly appears from its secreted biomolecules. Human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSC) displayed neuronal functional characteristics after differentiation by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and forskolin. PD is a chronic age-related neurodegenerative disease (NDD) characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregations. In this present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of neural differentiated hBMSC (NI-hBMSC) conditioned medium (NI-hBMSC-CM) to a rotenone- (ROT-) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model in SH-SY5Y cells. NI-hBMSC-CM treatment (50% diluted) in the last 24 h of 48 h ROT (0.5 μM) toxicity showed a significant increase in cell survival. The decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression as a hallmark of PD was increased by NI-hBMSC-CM. The Triton X-100-soluble and Triton X-100-insoluble cell lysate fractions were used in Western blotting. The oligomeric, dimeric, and monomeric phosphorylated serine129 (p-S129) α-syn and total monomeric α-syn were decreased during ROT toxicity in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction. The Triton X-100-insoluble fraction revealed that ROT toxicity significantly increased the oligomeric but decreased the dimeric and monomeric p-S129 α-syn expressions while all forms of total α-syn were increased in SH-SY5Y cells. NI-hBMSC-CM stabilized the physiological α-syn monomers and reduced aggregated insoluble p-S129 α-syn against ROT. The cytoskeletal proteins, neurofilament-H (NF-H), β3-tubulin (Tuj1), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and synaptophysin (SYP) were significantly decreased during ROT toxicity. In addition, proapoptotic Bax was increased by ROT with decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 as well as proforms of caspase-9, caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP-1. NI-hBMSC-CM ameliorated the neurotrophic protein expressions, controlled the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, upregulated procaspases, and inactivated PARP-1. From our results, we conclude that NI-hBMSC-CM containing released biomolecules during neural differentiation employs regenerative effects on the ROT model of PD in SH-SY5Y cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Panda AK, K R, Gebrekrstos A, Bose S, Markandeya YS, Mehta B, Basu B. Tunable Substrate Functionalities Direct Stem Cell Fate toward Electrophysiologically Distinguishable Neuron-like and Glial-like Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:164-185. [PMID: 33356098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cellular microenvironment on a functional platform using various biophysical cues to modulate stem cell fate has been the central theme in regenerative engineering. Among the various biophysical cues to direct stem cell differentiation, the critical role of physiologically relevant electric field (EF) stimulation was established in the recent past. The present study is the first to report the strategy to switch EF-mediated differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) between neuronal and glial pathways, using tailored functional properties of the biomaterial substrate. We have examined the combinatorial effect of substrate functionalities (conductivity, electroactivity, and topography) on the EF-mediated stem cell differentiation on polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites in vitro, without any biochemical inducers. The functionalities of PVDF have been tailored using conducting nanofiller (multiwall-carbon nanotube, MWNT) and piezoceramic (BaTiO3, BT) by an optimized processing approach (melt mixing-compression molding-rolling). The DC conductivity of PVDF nanocomposites was tuned from ∼10-11 to ∼10-4 S/cm and the dielectric constant from ∼10 to ∼300. The phenotypical changes and genotypical expression of hMSCs revealed the signatures of early differentiation toward neuronal pathway on rolled-PVDF/MWNT and late differentiation toward glial lineage on rolled-PVDF/BT/MWNT. Moreover, we were able to distinguish the physiological properties of differentiated neuron-like and glial-like cells using membrane depolarization and mechanical stimulation. The excitability of the EF-stimulated hMSCs was also determined using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Mechanistically, the roles of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ oscillations, and synaptic and gap junction proteins in directing the cellular fate have been established. Therefore, the present work critically unveils complex yet synergistic interaction of substrate functional properties to direct EF-mediated differentiation toward neuron-like and glial-like cells, with distinguishable electrophysiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kumar Panda
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ravikumar K
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Amanuel Gebrekrstos
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Yogananda S Markandeya
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grube S, Freitag D, Kalff R, Ewald C, Walter J. Characterization of adherent primary cell lines from fresh human glioblastoma tissue, defining glial fibrillary acidic protein as a reliable marker in establishment of glioblastoma cell culture. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 4:e1324. [PMID: 33251771 PMCID: PMC8451382 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary adherent glioblastoma cell lines are an important tool in investigating cellular and molecular tumor biology, as well as treatment options for patients. AIM The phenotypical and immunocytochemical characterization of primary cell lines from glioblastoma specimens during establishment is of great importance, in order to reliably identify these cell lines as primary glioblastoma cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen primary adherent cell lines out of 34 glioblastoma samples (47%) were established and further characterized. For phenotypical characterization, morphology and growth characteristics of the cells were classified. The cell lines had a high growth rate with a doubling time of 2 to 14 days. Morphologically, the cells displayed spindle-form or polygonal to amorphous shapes and grow as monolayer or in foci without evidence of contact inhibition. The cells were able to migrate and to form colonies. For further characterization, the protein expression of the astrocyte-specific protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the glial marker S100B, the neuronal marker TUBB3, and malignancy marker VIM, as well as the progenitor markers NES and SOX2, the proliferation marker MKI67, and the fibroblast marker TE7 were determined. Based on the immunocytochemical validation criterion of a coexpression of GFAP and S100B, 15 out of these 16 cell lines (94%) were defined as primary glioblastoma cell lines (pGCL). All 15 pGCL expressed TUBB3 and VIM. NES and SOX2 were stained positively in 13/15 and 6/15 pGCL. MKI67 was expressed in 11/15 and TE7 in 2/15 pGCL. CONCLUSION These results point out that in self-established primary adherent glioblastoma cell lines, the expression of the specific astrocytic and glial markers GFAP and S100B and of the malignancy and progenitor markers VIM, NES, and SOX2 has to be validated. These data show that primary cell lines of glioblastoma origin with high malignant potential are reliably to establish using standardized validation criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grube
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Freitag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Kalff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Ewald
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Jan Walter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center Saarbruecken GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shi L, Wang C, Yan Y, Wang G, Zhang J, Feng L, Yang X, Li G. Function study of vasoactive intestinal peptide on chick embryonic bone development. Neuropeptides 2020; 83:102077. [PMID: 32839008 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic bone development is a complicated procedure and modulated by neuro-osteogenic interaction. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was first identified as a neural vasodilator and further proved to possess multiple biological functions such as neurotransmitter and immune regulator. However, as a key peptide regulator presented in skeletal nerve fibers, the function of VIP on innervation and early bone development regulation has not fully been uncovered yet. In this study, the chick embryo has been used as an experimental model to address the effect of VIP on embryonic bone development. Our study results confirmed the innervation of peripheral nerve fibers into limb bone tissue, which was revealed by the detection of neurofilament (NF) and class III β-tubulin (TUJ-1) in bone tissue at various developing stages. The VIP mRNA and peptide expression level in bone tissue were also increased upon innervation progress. A chick embryonic chemical sympathectomy model was constructed by exposing chick embryos with neurotoxin 6-OHDA. The 6-OHDA exposure of the early chick embryo caused the reduction of neural crest formation and NF expression. 6-OHDA treatment also inhibited distal limb bone development as well as VIP expression. Furthermore, co-application of VIP with 6-OHDA exposure could rescue the inhibited osteogenesis activity and delayed bone development during embryogenesis. Taken together, these results reveal that VIP played an important role during innervation at early stage of bone development. VIP could restore chemical sympathectomy induced osteogenesis inhibition and bone development impair in chick embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, PR China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Y, Ge X, Yu H, Kuil LE, Alves MM, Tian D, Huang Q, Chen X, Hofstra RMW, Gao Y. Inhibition of ROCK signaling pathway accelerates enteric neural crest cell-based therapy after transplantation in a rat hypoganglionic model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13895. [PMID: 32515097 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by enteric ganglia absence in part or entire of the colon, due to abnormal colonization and migration of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) during development. Currently, besides surgery which is the main therapy for HSCR, the potential of stem cell-based transplantation was investigated as an alternative option. Although promising, it has limitations, including poor survival, differentiation, and migration of the grafted cells. We hypothesized that modulation of extracellular factors during transplantation could promote ENCCs proliferation and migration, leading to increased transplantation efficiency. Considering that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is highly involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and neurite growth, our study explored the effect of inhibition of this pathway to improve the success of ENCCs transplantation. METHODS Enteric neural crest cells were isolated from rat embryos and labeled with a GFP-tag. Cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration assays were performed with and without RhoA/ROCK inhibition. Labeled ENCCs were transplanted into the muscle layer of an induced hypoganglionic rat model followed by intraperitoneal injections of ROCK inhibitor. The transplanted segments were collected 3 weeks after for histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Our results showed that inhibition of ROCK increased viable cell number, differentiation, and migration of ENCCs in vitro. Moreover, transplantation of labeled ENCCs into the hypoganglionic model showed enhanced distribution of grafted ENCCs, upon treatment with ROCK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES ROCK inhibitors influence ENCCs growth and migration in vitro and in vivo, and should be considered to improve the efficiency of ENCCs transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donghao Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pournajaf S, Valian N, Mohaghegh Shalmani L, Khodabakhsh P, Jorjani M, Dargahi L. Fingolimod increases oligodendrocytes markers expression in epidermal neural crest stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173502. [PMID: 32860811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) are propitious candidates for cell replacement therapy and supplying neurotrophic factors in the neurological disorders. Considering the potential remyelinating and regenerative effects of fingolimod, in this study, we evaluated its effects on EPI-NCSCs viability and the expression of neurotrophic and oligodendrocyte differentiation factors. EPI-NCSCs, extracted from the bulge of rat hair follicles, were characterized and treated with fingolimod (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 1000, and 5000 nM). The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay at 6, 24 and 72 h. The expression of neurotrophic and differentiation factors in the cells treated with 100 and 400 nM fingolimod were measured at 24 and 120 h. Fingolimod at 50-600 nM increased the cells viability after 6 h, with no change at the higher concentrations. The highest concentration (5000nM) induced toxicity at 24 and 72 h. NGF and GDNF genes expression were decreased at 120 h, but on the contrary, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) were increased by both concentrations at both time points. Oligodendrocyte markers including platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRα), neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) were elevated at 120 h, which was accompanied with reduce in stemness markers (Nestin and early growth response 1 (EGR1)). Fingolimod increased the expression of neurotrophic factors in EPI-NCSCs, and guided them to oligodendrocyte fate. Therefore, fingolimod in combination with EPI-NCSCs, can be considered as a promising approach for demyelinating neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pournajaf
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohaghegh Shalmani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Masood MI, Schäfer KH, Naseem M, Weyland M, Meiser P. Troxerutin flavonoid has neuroprotective properties and increases neurite outgrowth and migration of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237025. [PMID: 32797057 PMCID: PMC7428079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin (TRX) is a water-soluble flavonoid which occurs commonly in the edible plants. Recent studies state that TRX improves the functionality of the nervous system and neutralizes Amyloid-ß induced neuronal toxicity. In this study, an in vitro assay based upon Neural stem cell (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal balb/c mice was established to explore the impact of TRX on individual neurogenesis processes in general and neuroprotective effect against ß-amyloid 1-42 (Aß42) induced inhibition in differentiation in particular. NSCs were identified exploiting immunostaining of the NSCs markers. Neurosphere clonogenic assay and BrdU/Ki67 immunostaining were employed to unravel the impact of TRX on proliferation. Differentiation experiments were carried out for a time span lasting from 48 h to 7 days utilizing ß-tubulin III and GFAP as neuronal and astrocyte marker respectively. Protective effects of TRX on Aß42 induced depression of NSCs differentiation were determined after 48 h of application. A neurosphere migration assay was carried out for 24 h in the presence and absence of TRX. Interestingly, TRX enhanced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h and 7 days of incubation and significantly enhanced neurite growth. A higher concentration of TRX also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on neurite outgrowth and length after 48 h of incubation. TRX significantly stimulated cell migration. Overall, TRX not only promoted NSCs differentiation and migration but also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on NSCs. TRX, therefore, offers an interesting lead structure from the perspective of drug design especially to promote neurogenesis in neurological disorders i.e. Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Masood
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maximilian Weyland
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Meiser
- Medical Scientific Department GM, URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Prokosch V, Brockhaus K, Anders F, Liu H, Mercieca K, Gericke A, Melkonyan H, Thanos S. Elevated intraocular pressure induces neuron-specific β-III-tubulin expression in non-neuronal vascular cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e617-e630. [PMID: 31885180 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological alterations within optic nerve axons and progressive loss of the parental retinal ganglion cell (RGC) bodies are characteristics of glaucomatous neuropathy. Abnormally elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is thought to be the major risk factor for most forms of glaucomatous changes, while lowering of the IOP is the mainstream of treatment. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative changes are poorly understood. It remains still a matter of debate whether elevated IOP harms the neurons directly or indirectly through alterations in the retinal vascularization. METHODS We analysed morphological and molecular changes within the retina exposed to elevated IOP in an animal model of glaucoma in vivo, in retinal explants and in cultured dissociated retinal cells each incubated under elevated air pressure in vitro, imitating elevated IOP. RESULTS Although ß-III-tubulin expressing RGCs decreased within the course of the disease, total amount of ß-III-tubulin protein within the retina increased, leading to the assumption that other cells than RGCs abnormally express ß-III-tubulin due to elevated IOP. Surprisingly, we found that β-III-tubulin, a marker developmentally regulated and specifically expressed in neurons under normal conditions, was strongly up-regulated in desmin-, PDGFR-β- and α-SMA-positive pericytes as well as in endothelin-1-positive endothelial cells both in vivo under elevated IOP and in vitro under elevated culture atmosphere pressure that simulated IOP elevation. Beta-III-tubulin-driven signalling pathways (ERK 1/2, pERK1/2 and cdc42/Rac) were also regulated. CONCLUSION The unprecedented regulation of neuron-specific β-III-tubulin in pericytes and endothelial cells is likely associated with a role of the retinal vasculature in the IOP-induced development and manifestation of glaucomatous degenerative optic nerve response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Prokosch
- Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology and DFG-Center of Excellence, Cells in Motion (CIM), School of Medicine, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Munster, Germany.,University Eye Hospital Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockhaus
- Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology and DFG-Center of Excellence, Cells in Motion (CIM), School of Medicine, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Fabian Anders
- University Eye Hospital Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- University Eye Hospital Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Gericke
- University Eye Hospital Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harut Melkonyan
- Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology and DFG-Center of Excellence, Cells in Motion (CIM), School of Medicine, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Solon Thanos
- Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology and DFG-Center of Excellence, Cells in Motion (CIM), School of Medicine, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
BEDNARIKOVA Z, GAZOVA Z, VALLE F, BYSTRENOVA E. Atomic force microscopy as an imaging tool to study the bio/nonbio complexes. J Microsc 2020; 280:241-251. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. BEDNARIKOVA
- Slovak Academy of Science Institute of Experimental Physics Kosice Slovakia
| | - Z. GAZOVA
- Slovak Academy of Science Institute of Experimental Physics Kosice Slovakia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
JC Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Delayed Progression of the Infectious Cycle in Normal Human Astrocytes. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01331-19. [PMID: 31826993 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01331-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infects 50 to 80% of the population and is the causative agent of a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). JCPyV presents initially as a persistent infection in the kidneys of healthy people, but during immunosuppression, the virus can reactivate and cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Within the CNS, JCPyV predominately targets two cell types, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Until recently, the role of astrocytes has been masked by the pathology in the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, which are lytically destroyed by the virus. To better understand how astrocytes are impacted during JCPyV infection, the temporal regulation and infectious cycle of JCPyV were analyzed in primary normal human astrocytes (NHAs). Previous research to define the molecular mechanisms underlying JCPyV infection has mostly relied on the use of cell culture models, such as SVG-A cells (SVGAs), an immortalized, mixed population of glial cells transformed with simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen. However, SVGAs present several limitations due to their immortalized characteristics, and NHAs represent an innovative approach to study JCPyV infection in vitro Using infectivity assays, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence assay approaches, we have further characterized JCPyV infectivity in NHAs. The JCPyV infectious cycle is significantly delayed in NHAs, and the expression of SV40 T antigen alters the cellular environment, which impacts viral infection in immortalized cells. This research establishes a foundation for the use of primary NHAs in future studies and will help unravel the role of astrocytes in PML pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Animal models are crucial in advancing biomedical research and defining the pathogenesis of human disease. Unfortunately, not all diseases can be easily modeled in a nonhuman host or such models are cost prohibitive to generate, including models for the human-specific virus JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). JCPyV infects most of the population but can cause a rare, fatal disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There have been considerable advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of JCPyV infection, but this has mostly been limited to immortalized cell culture models. In contrast, PML pathogenesis research has been greatly hindered because of the lack of an animal model. We have further characterized JCPyV infection in primary human astrocytes to better define the infectious process in a primary cell type. Albeit a cell culture model, primary astrocytes may better recapitulate human disease, are easier to maintain than other primary cells, and are less expensive than using an animal model.
Collapse
|
29
|
Limbad C, Oron TR, Alimirah F, Davalos AR, Tracy TE, Gan L, Desprez PY, Campisi J. Astrocyte senescence promotes glutamate toxicity in cortical neurons. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227887. [PMID: 31945125 PMCID: PMC6964973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a major age-related pathology. Cognitive decline is characteristic of patients with Alzheimer’s and related dementias and cancer patients after chemo- or radio-therapies. A recently emerged driver of these and other age-related pathologies is cellular senescence, a cell fate that entails a permanent cell cycle arrest and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although there is a link between inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, there are many open questions regarding how cellular senescence affects neurodegenerative pathologies. Among the various cell types in the brain, astrocytes are the most abundant. Astrocytes have proliferative capacity and are essential for neuron survival. Here, we investigated the phenotype of primary human astrocytes made senescent by X-irradiation, and identified genes encoding glutamate and potassium transporters as specifically downregulated upon senescence. This down regulation led to neuronal cell death in co-culture assays. Unbiased RNA sequencing of transcripts expressed by non-senescent and senescent astrocytes confirmed that glutamate homeostasis pathway declines upon senescence. Our results suggest a key role for cellular senescence, particularly in astrocytes, in excitotoxicity, which may lead to neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Limbad
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Comparative Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tal Ronnen Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Fatouma Alimirah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Albert R. Davalos
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim Y, Kim Y. L-histidine and L-carnosine exert anti-brain aging effects in D-galactose-induced aged neuronal cells. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:188-202. [PMID: 32528627 PMCID: PMC7263900 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Brain aging is a major risk factor for severe neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, L-histidine and L-carnosine are known to exhibit neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the potential for L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination to mediate anti-brain aging effects in neuronal cells subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. MATERIALS/METHODS The neuroprotective potential of L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination was examined in a retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to D-galactose (200 mM) for 48 h. Neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, and expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and apoptosis markers were subsequently evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with L-histidine (1 mM), L-carnosine (10 mM), or both for 48 h efficiently improved the proliferation, neurogenesis, and senescence of D-galactose-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, protein expression levels of both neuronal markers (β tubulin-III and neurofilament heavy protein) and anti-oxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase-1 and superoxide dismutase-1 were up-regulated. Conversely, protein expression levels of amyloid β (1-42) and cleaved caspase-3 were down-regulated. Levels of mRNA for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination mediate anti-aging effects in a neuronal cell line subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. These results suggest the potential benefits of L-histidine and L-carnosine as anti-brain aging agents and they support further research of these amino acid molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garrudo FFF, Udangawa RN, Hoffman PR, Sordini L, Chapman CA, Mikael PE, Ferreira FA, Silva JC, Rodrigues CAV, Cabral JMS, Morgado JMF, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE NANOFIBERS FOR NEURAL STEM CELL CULTURE. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2019; 14:100185. [PMID: 32864530 PMCID: PMC7448546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases compromise the quality of life of increasing numbers of the world's aging population. While diagnosis is possible no effective treatments are available. Strong efforts are needed to develop new therapeutic approaches, namely in the areas of tissue engineering and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Conductive polymers are the ideal material for these applications due to the positive effect of conducting electricity on neural cell's differentiation profile. This novel study assessed the biocompatibility of polybenzimidazole (PBI), as electrospun fibers and after being doped with different acids. Firstly, doped films of PBI were used to characterize the materials' contact angle and electroconductivity. After this, fibers were electrospun and characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA. Neural Stem Cell's (NSC) proliferation was assessed and their growth rate and morphology on different samples was determined. Differentiation of NSCs on PBI - CSA fibers was also investigated and gene expression (SOX2, NES, GFAP, Tuj1) was assessed through Immunochemistry and qPCR. All the samples tested were able to support neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation without significant changes on the cell's typical morphology. Successfully differentiation of NSCs towards neural cells on PBI - CSA fibers was also achieved. This promising PBI fibrous scaffold material is envisioned to be used in neural cell engineering applications, including scaffolds, in vitro models for drug screening and electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F. F. Garrudo
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ranodhi N. Udangawa
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Pauline R. Hoffman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Laura Sordini
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caitlyn A. Chapman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Paiyz E. Mikael
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Flávio A. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João C. Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. F. Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
- Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sponchioni M, O'Brien CT, Borchers C, Wang E, Rivolta MN, Penfold NJW, Canton I, Armes SP. Probing the mechanism for hydrogel-based stasis induction in human pluripotent stem cells: is the chemical functionality of the hydrogel important? Chem Sci 2019; 11:232-240. [PMID: 34040716 PMCID: PMC8133024 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hPSC) can differentiate into any cell type. Recently, we reported that hPSC colonies enter stasis when immersed in an extremely soft hydrogel comprising hydroxyl-functional block copolymer worms (I. Canton, N. J. Warren, A. Chahal, K. Amps, A. Wood, R. Weightman, E. Wang, H. Moore and S. P. Armes, ACS Centr. Sci., 2016, 2, 65-74). The gel modulus and chemical structure of this synthetic hydrogel are similar to that of natural mucins, which are implicated in the mechanism of diapause for mammalian embryos. Does stasis induction occur merely because of the very soft nature of such hydrogels or does chemical functionality also play a role? Herein, we address this key question by designing a new hydrogel of comparable softness in which the PGMA stabilizer chains are replaced with non-hydroxylated poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG]. Immunolabeling studies confirm that hPSC colonies immersed in such PEG-based hydrogels do not enter stasis but instead proliferate (and differentiate if no adhesion substrate is present). However, pluripotency is retained if an appropriate adhesion substrate is provided. Thus, the chemical functionality of the hydrogel clearly plays a decisive role in the stasis induction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - C T O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - C Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - E Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40202 USA
| | - M N Rivolta
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - N J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - I Canton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - S P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Repeated three-hour maternal deprivation as a model of early-life stress alters maternal behavior, olfactory learning and neural development. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 163:107040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
34
|
Gorantla VR, Thomas SE, Millis RM. Environmental Enrichment and Brain Neuroplasticity in the Kainate Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Epilepsy Res 2019; 9:51-64. [PMID: 31482057 PMCID: PMC6706649 DOI: 10.14581/jer.19006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Environmental enrichment (EE) improves brain function and ameliorates cognitive impairments; however, whether EE can reverse the learning and memory deficits seen following seizures remains unknown. Methods We tested the hypothesis that EE augments neurogenesis and attenuates the learning and memory deficits in rats subjected to kainate-induced seizures in hippocampus, amygdala and motor cortex. EE consisted of daily exposures immediately after KA lesioning (early EE) and after a 60-day period (late EE). Morphometric counting of neuron numbers (NN), dendritic branch-points and intersections (DDBPI) were performed. Spatial learning in a T-maze test was described as percent correct responses and memory in a passive-avoidance test was calculated as time spent in the small compartment where they were previously exposed to an aversive stimulus. Results EE increased NN and DDBPI in the normal control and in the KA-lesioned rats in all brain areas studied, after both early and late exposure to EE. Late EE resulted in significantly fewer surviving neurons than early EE in all brain areas (p < 0.0001). EE increased the percent correct responses and decreased time spent in the small compartment, after both early and late EE. The timing of EE (early vs. late) had no effect on the behavioral measurements. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that, after temporal lobe and motor cortex epileptic seizures in rats, EE improves neural plasticity in areas of the brain involved with emotional regulation and motor coordination, even if the EE treatment is delayed for 60 days. Future studies should determine whether EE is a useful therapeutic strategy for patients affected by seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi R Gorantla
- Department of Behavioral Science and Neuroscience, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Sneha E Thomas
- Department of Behavioral Science and Neuroscience, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Richard M Millis
- Department of Behavioral Science and Neuroscience, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda.,Department of Medical Physiology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ma NX, Yin JC, Chen G. Transcriptome Analysis of Small Molecule-Mediated Astrocyte-to-Neuron Reprogramming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:82. [PMID: 31231645 PMCID: PMC6558402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reprogramming of astrocytes into neurons represents a promising approach to regenerate new neurons for brain repair, but the underlying mechanisms driving this trans-differentiation process are not well understood. We have recently identified four small molecules – CHIR99021, DAPT, LDN193189, and SB431542 – that can efficiently reprogram cultured human fetal astrocytes into functional neurons. Here we employ the next generation of RNA-sequencing technology to investigate the transcriptome changes during the astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion process. We found that the four small molecules can rapidly activate the hedgehog signaling pathway while downregulating many glial genes such as FN1 and MYL9 within 24 h of treatment. Chemical reprogramming is mediated by several waves of differential gene expression, including upregulation of hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch signaling pathways, together with downregulation of TGF-β and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Our gene network analyses reveal many well-connected hub genes such as repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMA), neuronatin (NNAT), neurogenin 2 (NEUROG2), NPTX2, MOXD1, JAG1, and GAP43, which may coordinate the chemical reprogramming process. Together, these findings provide critical insights into the molecular cascades triggered by a combination of small molecules that eventually leads to chemical conversion of astrocytes into neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xin Ma
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jiu-Chao Yin
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Celikkaya H, Cosacak MI, Papadimitriou C, Popova S, Bhattarai P, Biswas SN, Siddiqui T, Wistorf S, Nevado-Alcalde I, Naumann L, Mashkaryan V, Brandt K, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Kizil C. GATA3 Promotes the Neural Progenitor State but Not Neurogenesis in 3D Traumatic Injury Model of Primary Human Cortical Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:23. [PMID: 30809125 PMCID: PMC6380212 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons. Outside the stem cell niches, however, these glial cells are not neurogenic. Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic progenitor state and use them as an endogenous reservoir for repair. However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. Gata3 was previously found to be a mechanism that zebrafish brain uses to injury-dependent induction of neural progenitors. However, the effects of GATA3 in human astrocytes after injury are not known. Therefore, in this report, we investigated how overexpression of GATA3 in primary human astrocytes would affect the neurogenic potential before and after injury in 2D and 3D cultures. We found that primary human astrocytes are unable to induce GATA3 after injury. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Celikkaya
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Stanislava Popova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Srijeeta Nag Biswas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Wistorf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabel Nevado-Alcalde
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Naumann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Violeta Mashkaryan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brandt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu J, Zhang ZY, Yu H, Yang AP, Hu PF, Liu Z, Wang M. Long noncoding RNA C21orf121/bone morphogenetic protein 2/microRNA-140-5p gene network promotes directed differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth to neuronal cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1464-1476. [PMID: 30317665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA play a crucial role in autism, which is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with complicated genetic origins. Hence, the study concerns whether lncRNA C21orf121/bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2)/miR-140-5p gene network affects directed differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to neuronal cells in rats with autism. Autism models were successfully established. The neuron cells that differentiated from SHED cell were identified. The expression of lncRNA C21orf121, miR-140-5p, BMP2, Nestin, βIII-tubulin, and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were examined. Besides, the gap junction (GJ) function of SHED, the intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration, and the social behavior and repetitive stereotyped movements of rats in autism were detected. The target relationship between lncRNA C21orf121 and miR-140-5p and that between miR-140-5p and BMP2 were also verified. Firstly, we successfully isolated SHED and identified the differentiated neurons of SHED. Besides, the expression of BMP2, MAP2, Nestin, βIII-tubulin, NSE positive rate, GJ function, and intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration were increased with the upregulation of C21orf121 and downregulation of miR-140-5p, and accumulated time of repetitive stereotyped movements decreased and the frequency of social behavior increased. The results indicate that lncRNA C21orf121 as a competing endogenous RNA competes with BMP2 binding to miR-140-5p, thereby promoting SHED to differentiate into neuronal cells via upregulating BMP2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Fang Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Scimone MT, Cramer III HC, Bar-Kochba E, Amezcua R, Estrada JB, Franck C. Modular approach for resolving and mapping complex neural and other cellular structures and their associated deformation fields in three dimensions. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:3042-3064. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
39
|
Gadau SD. Morphological and quantitative analysis on α-tubulin modifications in glioblastoma cells. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
40
|
Tang-Schomer M, Wu W, Kaplan D, Bookland M. In vitro 3D regeneration-like growth of human patient brain tissue. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1247-1260. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.D. Tang-Schomer
- Department of Pediatrics; UConn Health; Farmington CT USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine; Farmington CT USA
| | - W.B. Wu
- Department of Statistics; University of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - D.L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA USA
| | - M.J. Bookland
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center; Hartford CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Thomas AC, Heux P, Santos C, Arulvasan W, Solanky N, Carey ME, Gerrelli D, Kinsler VA, Etchevers HC. Widespread dynamic and pleiotropic expression of the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) system is conserved across chick, mouse and human embryonic development. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:443-455. [PMID: 29316344 PMCID: PMC6446732 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background MC1R, a G‐protein coupled receptor with high affinity for alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), modulates pigment production in melanocytes from many species and is associated with human melanoma risk. MC1R mutations affecting human skin and hair color also have pleiotropic effects on the immune response and analgesia. Variants affecting human pigmentation in utero alter the congenital phenotype of both oculocutaneous albinism and congenital melanocytic naevi, and have a possible effect on birthweight. Methods and Results By in situ hybridization, RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, we show that MC1R is widely expressed during human, chick and mouse embryonic and fetal stages in many somatic tissues, particularly in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and conserved across evolution in these three amniotes. Its dynamic pattern differs from that of TUBB3, a gene overlapping the same locus in humans and encoding class III β‐tubulin. The αMSH peptide and the transcript for its precursor, pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), are similarly present in numerous extra‐cutaneous tissues. MC1R genotyping of variants p.(V60M) and p.(R151C) was undertaken for 867 healthy children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parent and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, and birthweight modeled using multiple logistic regression analysis. A significant positive association initially found between R151C and birth weight, independent of known birth weight modifiers, was not reproduced when combined with data from an independent genome‐wide association study of 6,459 additional members of the same cohort. Conclusions These data clearly show a new and hitherto unsuspected role for MC1R in noncutaneous solid tissues before birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Heux
- GMGF, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, UMR_S910, Marseille, France
| | - Chloe Santos
- Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wisenave Arulvasan
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magalie E Carey
- GMGF, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, UMR_S910, Marseille, France
| | - Dianne Gerrelli
- Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cerebellar networks and neuropathology of cerebellar developmental disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 154:109-128. [PMID: 29903435 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63956-1.00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellar system is a series of axonal projections and synaptic circuits as networks, similar to those of the limbic system and those subserving the propagation and spread of seizures. Three principal cerebellar networks are identified and cerebellar disease often affects components of the networks other than just the cerebellar cortex. Contemporary developmental neuropathology of the cerebellum is best considered in the context of alterations of developmental processes: embryonic segmentation and genetic gradients along the three axes of the neural tube, individual neuronal and glial cell differentiation, migration, synaptogenesis, and myelination. Precisely timed developmental processes may be delayed or precocious rhombencephalosynapsis and pontocerebellar hypoplasia exemplify opposite gradients in the horizontal axis. Chiari II malformation may be reconsidered as a disorder of segmentation rather than simply due to mechanical forces upon normally developing hindbrain structures. Cellular nodules in the roof of the fourth ventricle are heterotopia of histologically differentiated but architecturally disoriented and disorganized neurons and glial cells; they often are less mature immunocytochemically than similar cells in adjacent normal folia. Cell rests are nodules of undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells. Both are frequent in human fetuses and neonates. Axonal projections from heterotopia to adjacent cerebellar folia or nuclei are few or absent, hence these nodules are clinically silent despite neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Stifter J, Ulbrich F, Goebel U, Böhringer D, Lagrèze WA, Biermann J. Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of retinal ganglion cells after intravitreal carbon monoxide release. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188444. [PMID: 29176876 PMCID: PMC5703485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal ischemia induces apoptosis leading to neurodegeneration and vision impairment. Carbon monoxide (CO) in gaseous form showed cell-protective and anti-inflammatory effects after retinal ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI). These effects were also demonstrated for the intravenously administered CO-releasing molecule (CORM) ALF-186. This article summarizes the results of intravitreally released CO to assess its suitability as a neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent. METHODS Water-soluble CORM ALF-186 (25 μg), PBS, or inactivated ALF (iALF) (all 5 μl) were intravitreally applied into the left eyes of rats directly after retinal IRI for 1 h. Their right eyes remained unaffected and were used for comparison. Retinal tissue was harvested 24 h after intervention to analyze mRNA or protein expression of Caspase-3, pERK1/2, p38, HSP70/90, NF-kappaB, AIF-1 (allograft inflammatory factor), TNF-α, and GAP-43. Densities of fluorogold-prelabeled retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were examined in flat-mounted retinae seven days after IRI and were expressed as mean/mm2. The ability of RGC to regenerate their axon was evaluated two and seven days after IRI using retinal explants in laminin-1-coated cultures. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the different cell types growing out of the retinal explants. RESULTS Compared to the RGC-density in the contralateral right eyes (2804±214 RGC/mm2; data are mean±SD), IRI+PBS injection resulted in a remarkable loss of RGC (1554±159 RGC/mm2), p<0.001. Intravitreally injected ALF-186 immediately after IRI provided RGC protection and reduced the extent of RGC-damage (IRI+PBS 1554±159 vs. IRI+ALF 2179±286, p<0.001). ALF-186 increased the IRI-mediated phosphorylation of MAP-kinase p38. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects were detectable as Caspase-3, NF-kappaB, TNF-α, and AIF-1 expression were significantly reduced after IRI+ALF in comparison to IRI+PBS or IRI+iALF. Gap-43 expression was significantly increased after IRI+ALF. iALF showed effects similar to PBS. The intrinsic regenerative potential of RGC-axons was induced to nearly identical levels after IRI and ALF or iALF-treatment under growth-permissive conditions, although RGC viability differed significantly in both groups. Intravitreal CO further increased the IRI-induced migration of GFAP-positive cells out of retinal explants and their transdifferentiation, which was detected by re-expression of beta-III tubulin and nestin. CONCLUSION Intravitreal CORM ALF-186 protected RGC after IRI and stimulated their axons to regenerate in vitro. ALF conveyed anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and growth-associated signaling after IRI. CO's role in neuroregeneration and its effect on retinal glial cells needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stifter
- Eye Center, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ulbrich
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Böhringer
- Eye Center, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolf Alexander Lagrèze
- Eye Center, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Biermann
- Eye Center, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Domagkstrasse 15, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gunay G, Sever M, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Three-Dimensional Laminin Mimetic Peptide Nanofiber Gels for In Vitro Neural Differentiation. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28786563 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides biochemical signals and structural support for cells, and its functional imitation is a fundamental aspect of biomaterial design for regenerative medicine applications. The stimulation of neural differentiation by a laminin protein-derived epitope in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environments is investigated. The 3D gel system is found to be superior to its 2D counterpart for the induction of neural differentiation, even in the absence of a crucial biological inducer in nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, cells cultured in 3D gels exhibits a spherical morphology that is consistent with their form under in vivo conditions. Overall, the present study underlines the impact of bioactivity, dimension, and NGF addition, as well as the cooperative effects thereof, on the neural differentiation of PC-12 cells. These results underline the significance of 3D culture systems in the development of scaffolds that closely replicate in vivo environments for the formation of cellular organoid models in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Gunay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Sever
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
An inner nuclear membrane protein induces rapid differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
46
|
Verma I, Rashid Z, Sikdar SK, Seshagiri PB. Efficient neural differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells in a serum-free medium and development of a novel strategy for enrichment of neural cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:112-124. [PMID: 28673682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an excellent model to study neural development and function. Although various protocols have been developed to direct the differentiation of PSCs into desired neural cell types, many of them suffer from limitations including low efficiency, long duration of culture, and the use of expensive, labile, and undefined growth supplements. In this study, we achieved efficient differentiation of mouse PSCs to neural lineage, in the absence of exogenous molecules, by employing a serum-free culture medium containing knockout serum replacement (KSR). Embryoid bodies (EBs) cultured in this medium predominantly produced neural cells which included neural progenitors (15-18%), immature neurons (8-24%), mature neurons (10-26%), astrocytes (27-61%), and oligodendrocytes (∼1%). Different neuronal subtypes including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic neurons were generated. Importantly, neurons generated in the KSR medium were electrically active. Further, the EB scooping strategy, involving the removal of the EB core region from the peripheral EB outgrowth, resulted in the enrichment of PSC-derived neural cells. Taken together, this study provides the evidence that the KSR medium is ideal for the rapid and efficient generation of neural cells, including functional neurons, from PSCs without the requirement of any other additional molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Verma
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Zubin Rashid
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sujit K Sikdar
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Polani B Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Post-Translational Tubulin Modifications in Human Astrocyte Cultures. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2566-2576. [PMID: 28512712 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein tubulin plays an integral role in the functional specialization of many cell types. In the central nervous system, post-translational modifications and the expression of specific tubulin isotypes in neurons have been analyzed in greater detail than in their astrocytic counterparts. In this study, we characterized post-translational specifications of tubulin in human astrocytes using the normal human astrocyte (NHA; Lonza) commercial cell line of fetal origin. Immunocytochemical techniques were implemented in conjunction with confocal microscopy to image class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin), acetylated tubulin, and polyglutamylated tubulin using fluorescent antibody probes. Fluorescent probe intensity differences and colocalization were quantitatively assessed with the 'EBImage' package for the statistical programming language R. Colocalization analysis revealed that, although both acetylated tubulin and polyglutamylated tubulin showed a high degree of correlation with βIII-tubulin, the correlation with acetylated tubulin was stronger. Quantification and statistical analysis of fluorescence intensity demonstrated that the fluorescence probe intensity ratio for acetylated tubulin/βIII-tubulin was greater than the ratio for polyglutamylated tubulin/βIII-tubulin. The open source GEODATA set GSE819950, comprising RNA sequencing data for the NHA cell line, was mined for the expression of enzymes responsible for tubulin modifications. Our analysis uncovered greater expression at the mRNA level for enzymes reported to function in acetylation and deacetylation as compared to enzymes implicated in glutamylation and deglutamylation. Taken together, the results represent a step toward unraveling the tubulin isotypic expression profile and post-translational modification patterns in astrocytes during human brain development.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang W, Zhang H, Wang X, Patterson J, Winter P, Graham K, Ghosh S, Lee JC, Katsetos CD, Mackey JR, Tuszynski JA, Wong GKS, Ludueña RF. Novel mutations involving βI-, βIIA-, or βIVB-tubulin isotypes with functional resemblance to βIII-tubulin in breast cancer. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1163-1173. [PMID: 27943021 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin is the target for very widely used anti-tumor drugs, including Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and epothilones, which are an important component of chemotherapy in breast cancer and other malignancies. Paclitaxel and other tubulin-targeting drugs bind to the β subunit of tubulin, which is a heterodimer of α and β subunits. β-Tubulin exists in the form of multiple isotypes, which are differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells and differ in their ability to bind to drugs. Among them, the βIII isotype is overexpressed in many aggressive and metastatic cancers and may serve as a prognostic marker in certain types of cancer. The underpinning mechanisms accounting for the overexpression of this isotype in cancer cells are unclear. To better understand the role of β-tubulin isotypes in cancer, we analyzed over 1000 clones from 90 breast cancer patients, sequencing their β-tubulin isotypes, in search of novel mutations. We have elucidated two putative emerging molecular subgroups of invasive breast cancer, each of which involve mutations in the βI-, βIIA-, or βIVB isotypes of tubulin that increase their structural, and possibly functional, resemblance to the βIII isotype. A unifying feature of the first of the two subgroups is the mutation of the highly reactive C239 residue of βI- or βIVB-tubulin to L239, R239, Y239, or P239, culminating in probable conversion of these isotypes from ROS-sensitive to ROS-resistant species. In the second subgroup, βI, βIIA, and βIVB have up to seven mutations to the corresponding residues in βIII-tubulin. Given that βIII-tubulin has emerged as a pro-survival factor, overexpression of this isotype may confer survival advantages to certain cancer cell types. In this mini-review, we bring attention to a novel mechanism by which cancer cells may undergo adaptive mutational changes involving alternate β-tubulin isotypes to make them acquire some of the pro-survival properties of βIII-tubulin. These "hybrid" tubulins, combining the sequences and/or properties of two wild-type tubulins (βIII and either βI, βIIA, or βIVB), are novel isotypes expressed solely in cancer cells and may contribute to the molecular understanding and stratification of invasive breast cancer and provide novel molecular targets for rational drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xumin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jordan Patterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Philip Winter
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - John C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Christos D Katsetos
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Richard F Ludueña
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kiseleva LN, Kartashev AV, Vartanyan NL, Pinevich AA, Samoilovich MP. A172 and T98G cell lines characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
50
|
López-Serrano C, Torres-Espín A, Hernández J, Alvarez-Palomo AB, Requena J, Gasull X, Edel MJ, Navarro X. Effects of the Post-Spinal Cord Injury Microenvironment on the Differentiation Capacity of Human Neural Stem Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1833-1852. [DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neural functions below the level of the lesion due to interruption of spinal pathways and secondary neurodegenerative processes. The transplant of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising approach for the repair of SCI. Reprogramming of adult somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is expected to provide an autologous source of iPSC-derived NSCs, avoiding the immune response as well as ethical issues. However, there is still limited information on the behavior and differentiation pattern of transplanted iPSC-derived NSCs within the damaged spinal cord. We transplanted iPSC-derived NSCs, obtained from adult human somatic cells, into rats at 0 or 7 days after SCI, and evaluated motor-evoked potentials and locomotion of the animals. We histologically analyzed engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation of the iPSC-derived NSCs and the spared tissue in the spinal cords at 7, 21, and 63 days posttransplant. Both transplanted groups showed a late decline in functional recovery compared to vehicle-injected groups. Histological analysis showed proliferation of transplanted cells within the tissue and that cells formed a mass. At the final time point, most grafted cells differentiated to neural and astroglial lineages, but not into oligodendrocytes, while some grafted cells remained undifferentiated and proliferative. The proinflammatory tissue microenviroment of the injured spinal cord induced proliferation of the grafted cells and, therefore, there are possible risks associated with iPSC-derived NSC transplantation. New approaches are needed to promote and guide cell differentiation, as well as reduce their tumorigenicity once the cells are transplanted at the lesion site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Serrano
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Hernández
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana B. Alvarez-Palomo
- Control of Pluripotency Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Requena
- Control of Pluripotency Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael J. Edel
- Control of Pluripotency Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Sydney Medical School, Westmead Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, Westmead, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|