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Johnson PK, Fino PC, Wilde EA, Hovenden ES, Russell HA, Velez C, Pelo R, Morris AJ, Kreter N, Read EN, Keleher F, Esopenko C, Lindsey HM, Newsome MR, Thayn D, McCabe C, Mullen CM, Davidson LE, Liebel SW, Carr L, Tate DF. The Effect of Intranasal Plus Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Neuromuscular Control in Individuals with Repetitive Head Acceleration Events. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:404-413. [PMID: 38848287 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2023.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This proof-of-concept study was to investigate the relationship between photobiomodulation (PBM) and neuromuscular control. Background: The effects of concussion and repetitive head acceleration events (RHAEs) are associated with decreased motor control and balance. Simultaneous intranasal and transcranial PBM (itPBM) is emerging as a possible treatment for cognitive and psychological sequelae of brain injury with evidence of remote effects on other body systems. Methods: In total, 43 (39 male) participants, age 18-69 years (mean, 49.5; SD, 14.45), with a self-reported history of concussive and/or RHAE and complaints of their related effects (e.g., mood dysregulation, impaired cognition, and poor sleep quality), completed baseline and posttreatment motor assessments including clinical reaction time, grip strength, grooved pegboard, and the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBEST). In the 8-week interim, participants self-administered itPBM treatments by wearing a headset comprising four near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LED) and a near-infrared LED nasal clip. Results: Posttreatment group averages in reaction time, MiniBEST reactive control subscores, and bilateral grip strength significantly improved with effect sizes of g = 0.75, g = 0.63, g = 0.22 (dominant hand), and g = 0.34 (nondominant hand), respectively. Conclusion: This study provides a framework for more robust studies and suggests that itPBM may serve as a noninvasive solution for improved neuromuscular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Office of Research, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Peter C Fino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hilary A Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan Pelo
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Kinesiology, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Kreter
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emma N Read
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Finian Keleher
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation & Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dayna Thayn
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Courtney McCabe
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christine M Mullen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lance E Davidson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lawrence Carr
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Lin YP, Ding RS, Yin CH, Chen YS, Chen JS, Chang ST. Effects of Intravascular Photobiomodulation on Insomnia, Muscle Soreness, and Biochemistry Profiles: An Eight-Year Retrospective Cohort. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1006. [PMID: 37374210 PMCID: PMC10305368 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cognitive-behavioral therapy is the first-line treatment for insomnia, pharmacotherapy is often prescribed to treat insomnia and related symptoms. In addition, muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed to alleviate muscle soreness when the pain is unbearable. However, pharmacotherapy can lead to numerous side effects. The non-drug strategy intravascular laser irradiation of blood (iPBM) has been advocated to improve pain, wound healing, blood circulation, and blood cell function to relieve insomnia and muscle soreness symptoms. Therefore, we assessed whether iPBM improves blood parameters and compared drug use before and after iPBM therapy. METHODS Consecutive patients who received iPBM therapy between January 2013 and August 2021 were reviewed. The associations between laboratory data, pharmacotherapies, and iPBM therapy were retrospectively analyzed. We compared patient characteristics, blood parameters, and drug use within the three months before the first treatment and the three months after the last treatment. We also compared the changes before and after treatment in patients who received ≥10 or 1-9 iPBM treatments. RESULT We assessed 183 eligible patients who received iPBM treatment. Of them, 18 patients reported insomnia disturbance, and 128 patients reported pain in any part of their body. After the treatment, HGB and HCT significantly increased after treatment in both the ≥10 and 1-9 iPBM treatment groups (HGB p < 0.001 and p = 0.046; HCT p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). Pharmacotherapy analysis revealed no significant differences in drug use before and after treatment, though drug use tended to decrease after iPBM. CONCLUSIONS iPBM therapy is an efficient, beneficial, and feasible treatment that increases HGB and HCT. While the results of this study do not support the suggestion that iPBM reduces drug use, further larger studies using symptom scales are needed to confirm the changes in insomnia and muscle soreness after iPBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Sian Ding
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Yin
- Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tsu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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Kashiwagi S, Morita A, Yokomizo S, Ogawa E, Komai E, Huang PL, Bragin DE, Atochin DN. Photobiomodulation and nitric oxide signaling. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:58-68. [PMID: 36462596 PMCID: PMC9808891 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous mediator that maintains vascular homeostasis. Extensive evidence supports that a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases, is endothelial NO deficiency. Thus, restoring endothelial NO represents a promising approach to treating cardiovascular complications. Despite many therapeutic agents having been shown to augment NO bioavailability under various pathological conditions, success in resulting clinical trials has remained elusive. There is solid evidence of diverse beneficial effects of the treatment with low-power near-infrared (NIR) light, defined as photobiomodulation (PBM). Although the precise mechanisms of action of PBM are still elusive, recent studies consistently report that PBM improves endothelial dysfunction via increasing bioavailable NO in a dose-dependent manner and open a feasible path to the use of PBM for treating cardiovascular diseases via augmenting NO bioavailability. In particular, the use of NIR light in the NIR-II window (1000-1700 nm) for PBM, which has reduced scattering and minimal tissue absorption with the largest penetration depth, is emerging as a promising therapy. In this review, we update recent findings on PBM and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Denis E Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4720, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become an important part of the therapeutic process in various diseases. However, despite the broad use of LLLT in everyday clinical practice, the full impact of LLLT on cell life processes has not been fully understood. This paper presents the current state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action of LLLT on cells. A better understanding of the molecular processes occurring within the cell after laser irradiation may result in introducing numerous novel clinical applications of LLLT and potentially increases the safety profile of this therapy.
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Keszler A, Lindemer B, Broeckel G, Weihrauch D, Gao Y, Lohr NL. In Vivo Characterization of a Red Light-Activated Vasodilation: A Photobiomodulation Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880158. [PMID: 35586710 PMCID: PMC9108481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide dependent vasodilation is an effective mechanism for restoring blood flow to ischemic tissues. Previously, we established an ex vivo murine model whereby red light (670 nm) facilitates vasodilation via an endothelium derived vasoactive species which contains a functional group that can be reduced to nitric oxide. In the present study we investigated this vasodilator in vivo by measuring blood flow with Laser Doppler Perfusion imaging in mice. The vasodilatory nitric oxide precursor was analyzed in plasma and muscle with triiodide-dependent chemiluminescence. First, a 5–10 min irradiation of a 3 cm2 area in the hind limb at 670 nm (50 mW/cm2) produced optimal vasodilation. The nitric oxide precursor in the irradiated quadriceps tissue decreased significantly from 123 ± 18 pmol/g tissue by both intensity and duration of light treatment to an average of 90 ± 17 pmol/g tissue, while stayed steady (137 ± 21 pmol/g tissue) in unexposed control hindlimb. Second, the blood flow remained elevated 30 min after termination of the light exposure. The nitric oxide precursor content significantly increased by 50% by irradiation then depleted in plasma, while remained stable in the hindlimb muscle. Third, to mimic human peripheral artery disease, an ameroid constrictor was inserted on the proximal femoral artery of mice and caused a significant reduction of flow. Repeated light treatment for 14 days achieved steady and significant increase of perfusion in the constricted limb. Our results strongly support 670 nm light can regulate dilation of conduit vessel by releasing a vasoactive nitric oxide precursor species and may offer a simple home-based therapy in the future to individuals with impaired blood flow in the leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Grant Broeckel
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Health and Equity- Division of Biostatistics, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nicole L. Lohr
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Nicole L. Lohr,
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Salehpour F, Khademi M, Bragin DE, DiDuro JO. Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062975. [PMID: 35328396 PMCID: PMC8950470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can serve as a non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining and optimizing effective brain waste clearance. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of the glymphatic drainage system in removing toxins and waste metabolites from the brain. We review recent animal research on the neurotherapeutic benefits of PBM therapy on glymphatic drainage and clearance. We also highlight cellular mechanisms of PBM on the cerebral glymphatic system. Animal research has shed light on the beneficial effects of PBM on the cerebral drainage system through the clearance of amyloid-beta via meningeal lymphatic vessels. Finally, PBM-mediated increase in the blood–brain barrier permeability with a subsequent rise in Aβ clearance from PBM-induced relaxation of lymphatic vessels via a vasodilation process will be discussed. We conclude that PBM promotion of cranial and extracranial lymphatic system function might be a promising strategy for the treatment of brain diseases associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- College for Light Medicine and Photobiomodulation, D-82319 Starnberg, Germany;
- ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85041, USA
| | - Mahsa Khademi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666, Iran;
| | - Denis E. Bragin
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Joseph O. DiDuro
- ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85041, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(845)-203-9204
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Huang SJ, Lee SY, Teng YH, Lee SD, Cheng YJ. Photobiomodulation Therapy to Promote Angiogenesis in Diabetic Mice with Hindlimb Ischemia. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:453-462. [PMID: 34264768 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) induces angiogenesis in diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower extremities. PBMT has been shown to promote angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and could be a treatment for DM patients with PAD. Methods: Femoral artery ligation/excision in mice was performed to induce HLI as an animal model of PAD. PBMT at a dose of 660 nm and 1.91 J/cm2 was delivered for 10 min on 5 consecutive days after the HLI surgery. Control mice received HLI only. Mice in the DM group were injected with streptozocin to induce diabetes before HLI surgery. Mice in the laser and DM+ laser groups received both HLI and PBMT, and the latter group had induced DM. After the laser treatment, lower limb blood flow was evaluated by laser Doppler. The capillary density and CD31 were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) were measured by Western blotting of tissue samples. Results: Compared with the control and DM mice, the laser and DM+ laser groups had more than double the capillary density and blood perfusion rate. Levels of CD31 and VEGF-A proteins in groups that received laser were increased by 1.9- to 3.2-fold compared with groups that did not undergo laser treatment. Animals treated with PBMT exhibited significantly increased HIF-1α expression and ERK phosphorylation compared with animals that did not receive this treatment, and the amount of phospho-eNOS and iNOS increased and decreased, respectively. Conclusions: PBMT can induce therapeutic angiogenesis, indicating that low intensity laser could be a novel treatment for PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Lee
- General Education Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Teng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Colombo E, Signore A, Aicardi S, Zekiy A, Utyuzh A, Benedicenti S, Amaroli A. Experimental and Clinical Applications of Red and Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation on Endothelial Dysfunction: A Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030274. [PMID: 33803396 PMCID: PMC7998572 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells are the main regulator of arterial tone homeostasis and vascular growth, sensing and transducing signals between tissue and blood. Disease risk factors can lead to their unbalanced homeostasis, known as endothelial dysfunction. Red and near-infrared light can interact with animal cells and modulate their metabolism upon interaction with mitochondria's cytochromes, which leads to increased oxygen consumption, ATP production and ROS, as well as to regulate NO release and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. This medical subject is known as photobiomodulation (PBM). We present a review of the literature on the in vitro and in vivo effects of PBM on endothelial dysfunction. METHODS A search strategy was developed consistent with the PRISMA statement. The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar electronic databases were consulted to search for in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Fifty out of >12,000 articles were selected. CONCLUSIONS The PBM can modulate endothelial dysfunction, improving inflammation, angiogenesis, and vasodilatation. Among the studies, 808 nm and 18 J (0.2 W, 2.05 cm2) intracoronary irradiation can prevent restenosis as well as 645 nm and 20 J (0.25 W, 2 cm2) can stimulate angiogenesis. PBM can also support hypertension cure. However, more extensive randomised controlled trials are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Colombo
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonio Signore
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefano Aicardi
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Angelina Zekiy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.U.)
| | - Anatoliy Utyuzh
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.U.)
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-3537309
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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Sălăgean T, Bordea IR, Benedicenti S. Phototherapy as a Rational Antioxidant Treatment Modality in COVID-19 Management; New Concept and Strategic Approach: Critical Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E875. [PMID: 32947974 PMCID: PMC7555229 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the entire globe by storm. The pathogenesis of this virus has shown a cytokine storm release, which contributes to critical or severe multi-organ failure. Currently the ultimate treatment is palliative; however, many modalities have been introduced with effective or minimal outcomes. Meanwhile, enormous efforts are ongoing to produce safe vaccines and therapies. Phototherapy has a wide range of clinical applications against various maladies. This necessitates the exploration of the role of phototherapy, if any, for COVID-19. This critical review was conducted to understand COVID-19 disease and highlights the prevailing facts that link phototherapy utilisation as a potential treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The results demonstrated phototherapy's efficacy in regulating cytokines and inflammatory mediators, increasing angiogenesis and enhancing healing in chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, this review answered the following research question. Which molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of phototherapy have demonstrated great potential in enhancing the immune response and reducing host-viral interaction in COVID-19 patients? Therefore, phototherapy is a promising treatment modality, which needs to be validated further for COVID-19 by robust and rigorous randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials to evaluate its impartial outcomes and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV,6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV,6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur 441110, India
| | - Tudor Sălăgean
- Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV,6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.B.)
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Pruitt T, Wang X, Wu A, Kallioniemi E, Husain MM, Liu H. Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) With 1,064-nm Laser to Improve Cerebral Metabolism of the Human Brain In Vivo. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:807-813. [PMID: 32173886 PMCID: PMC7492377 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In our previous proof-of-principle study, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064-nm laser was reported to significantly increase concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (∆[HbO]) and oxidized-state cytochrome c oxidase (∆[oxi-CCO]) in the human brain. This paper further investigated (i) its validity in two different subsets of young human subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years and (ii) age-related effects of tPBM by comparing sham-controlled increases of ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] between young and older adults. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured sham-controlled ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bb-NIRS) in 15 young (26.7 ± 2.7 years of age) and 5 older (68.2 ± 4.8 years of age) healthy normal subjects before, during, and after right-forehead tPBM/sham stimulation with 1,064-nm laser. Student t tests were used to test statistical differences in tPBM-induced ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] (i) between the 15 young subjects and those of 11 reported previously and (ii) between the two age groups measured in this study. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that no significant difference existed in ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] during and post tPBM between the two subsets of young subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years. Furthermore, the two age groups showed statistically identical net increases in sham-controlled ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO]. CONCLUSIONS This study provided strong evidence to validate/confirm our previous findings that tPBM with 1,064-nm laser enables to increase cerebral ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] in the human brain, as measured by bb-NIRS. Overall, it demonstrated the robust reproducibility of tPBM being able to improve cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism of the human brain in vivo in both young and older adults. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrell Pruitt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, Texas, 76019.,Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, Texas, 76019
| | - Anqi Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, Texas, 76019
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390
| | - Mustafa M Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, Texas, 76019
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11
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Kent AL, Abdel-Latif ME, Cochrane T, Broom M, Dahlstrom JE, Essex RW, Shadbolt B, Natoli R. A pilot randomised clinical trial of 670 nm red light for reducing retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:131-136. [PMID: 31430763 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation by 670 nm red light in animal models reduced severity of ROP and improved survival. This pilot randomised controlled trial aimed to provide data on 670 nm red light exposure for prevention of ROP and survival for a larger randomised trial. METHODS Neonates <30 weeks gestation or <1150 g at birth were randomised to receive 670 nm for 15 min (9 J/cm2) daily until 34 weeks corrected age. DATA COLLECTED placental pathology, growth, days of respiratory support and oxygen, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotising enterocolitis, sepsis, worst stage of ROP, need for laser treatment, and survival. RESULTS Eighty-six neonates enrolled-45 no red light; 41 red light. There was no difference in severity of ROP (<27 weeks-p = 0.463; ≥27 weeks-p = 0.558) or requirement for laser treatment (<27 weeks-p = 1.00; ≥27 weeks-no laser treatment in either group). Survival in 670 nm red light treatment group was 100% (41/41) vs 89% (40/45) in untreated infants (p = 0.057). CONCLUSION Randomisation to receive 670 nm red light within 24-48 h after birth is feasible. Although no improvement in ROP or survivability was observed, further testing into the dosage and delivery for this potential therapy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Kent
- Division of Neonatology, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Mohamed E Abdel-Latif
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia
| | - Timothy Cochrane
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia
| | - Margaret Broom
- Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine Biology and Environment, ANU, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rohan W Essex
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia
| | - Bruce Shadbolt
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine Biology and Environment, ANU, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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12
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Serrage H, Heiskanen V, Palin WM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Hadis M, Hamblin MR. Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1877-1909. [PMID: 31183484 PMCID: PMC6685747 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the application of light at wavelengths ranging from 400-1100 nm to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation and promote analgesia. Traditionally, red and near-infra red (NIR) light have been used therapeutically, however recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could prove beneficial including blue and green light. This review aims to evaluate the literature surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of PBM with particular emphasis on the effects of blue and green light. In particular focus is on the possible primary and secondary molecular mechanisms of PBM and also evaluation of the potential effective parameters for application both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have reported that PBM affects an array of molecular targets, including chromophores such as signalling molecules containing flavins and porphyrins as well as components of the electron transport chain. However, secondary mechanisms tend to converge on pathways induced by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Systematic evaluation of the literature indicated 72% of publications reported beneficial effects of blue light and 75% reported therapeutic effects of green light. However, of the publications evaluating the effects of green light, reporting of treatment parameters was uneven with 41% failing to report irradiance (mW cm-2) and 44% failing to report radiant exposure (J cm-2). This review highlights the potential of PBM to exert broad effects on a range of different chromophores within the body, dependent upon the wavelength of light applied. Emphasis still remains on the need to report exposure and treatment parameters, as this will enable direct comparison between different studies and hence enable the determination of the full potential of PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Serrage
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
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13
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Zinchenko E, Navolokin N, Shirokov A, Khlebtsov B, Dubrovsky A, Saranceva E, Abdurashitov A, Khorovodov A, Terskov A, Mamedova A, Klimova M, Agranovich I, Martinov D, Tuchin V, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Kurts J. Pilot study of transcranial photobiomodulation of lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid from the mouse brain: breakthrough strategies for non-pharmacologic therapy of Alzheimer's disease. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4003-4017. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC6701516 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this pilot study, we analyzed effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM, 1267 nm, 32 J/cm2) on clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ) from the mouse brain. The immunohistochemical and confocal data clearly demonstrate the significant reduction of deposition of Aβ plaques in mice after tPBM vs. untreated animals. The behavior tests showed that tPBM improved the cognitive, memory and neurological status of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using of our original method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis of clearance of gold nanorods (GNRs) from the brain, we proposed possible mechanism underlying tPBM-stimulating effects on clearance of Aβ via the lymphatic system of the brain and the neck. These results open breakthrough strategies for a non-pharmacological therapy of Alzheimer's disease and clearly demonstrate that tPBM might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or delaying Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Entusiastov Str. 13, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Boris Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Entusiastov Str. 13, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | | | - Elena Saranceva
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Arkady Abdurashitov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin's Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey Terskov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Aysel Mamedova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Maria Klimova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Ilana Agranovich
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Dmitry Martinov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin's Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochaya Str., Saratov 410028, Russian Federation
| | | | - Jurgen Kurts
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Newton SC, Marshall S. Effects of anodyne treatment on local blood flow and cutaneous sensation of the foot in a patient with peripheral neuropathy secondary to acromegaly. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:655-662. [PMID: 31294674 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1639233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is an excessive amount of serum growth hormone, which may present with sensorimotor polyneuropathy, affecting sensation and/or blood flow in the limbs. Symptoms include numbness, tingling or pain with impaired sensation including kinesthesia and proprioception. We report here of a 48-year-old male with a defined diagnosis of acromegaly and surgical excision of a pituitary adenoma 20 years ago. Recently he reports feet stepping on, and not feeling, objects under foot and balance problems starting 10 years ago. This study used a single-subject A-B-A design to show that behavioral changes are evident only in the presence of an intervention. Intervention consisted of Monochromatic Infrared Light Energy (MIRE), delivered by the Anodyne Therapy System (ATS). The DRT-4 laser Doppler measured red blood cell flux (flow), concentration and velocity. Levels of significance utilized the two standard deviation band method. Peripheral sensation of eight sites on each foot assessed using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (SWM) revealed a lack of sensation in the feet. A treatment effect as exhibited by blood flow velocity and red blood cell concentration was detected after the third week of treatment indicating peripheral dilation of the microvasculature. MIRE was an effective intervention for the treatment of acromegaly - induced polyneuropathy in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Newton
- Department of Physical Therapy, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
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15
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Nawashiro H, Kawauchi S, Tsunoi Y, Sato S. Time courses of BOLD responses during transcranial near-infrared laser irradiation. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:778-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Abdel-Kader MA, Abdelazeem AF, Ahmed NEMB, Khalil YM, Mostafa MI. Oral rehabilitation of a case with regional odontodysplasia using a regenerative approach-A case report and a review of literature. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 39:330-339. [PMID: 30989685 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM to investigate for the first time whether the regenerative approach can be used to rehabilitate a case with regional odontodysplasia (ROD). ROD is a rare, localized developmental anomaly of the dental tissues. Moreover, we review the various treatment protocols for ROD and compare them to the suggested regenerative protocol. CASE REPORT A 22-year-old female patient diagnosed with ROD in the upper left quadrant was presented to our clinic. Initially, the affected teeth were extracted and three implants were inserted. A combination of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) seeded on a collagen sponge, nanohydroxyapatite, and autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was used to enhance bone regeneration in the defective area and around the inserted implants. After 9 months, bone regeneration and successful osteointegration around the inserted implants were achieved, permitting the insertion of a fourth implant. After an additional six months, a final fixed restoration was constructed. CONCLUSION The suggested regenerative approach provides a better treatment option for ROD patients to regenerate the lost bone, rehabilitate aesthetics, and restore normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Kader
- Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellency, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Farouk Abdelazeem
- Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellency, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Al-Azhar Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen El-Moataz Bellah Ahmed
- Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellency, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Mohamed Khalil
- Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellency, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ibrahim Mostafa
- Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellency, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Costa IP, Politti F, Cahalin LP, de Carvalho EFT, Costa D, Corrêa JCF, Vieira RP, Oliveira-Junior MC, De Angelis K, Stirbulov R, Dal Corso S, de Carvalho PDT, Parizotto NA, Arena R, Sampaio LM. Acute Effects Using Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (LEDT) for Muscle Function during Isometric Exercise in Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7501870. [PMID: 30775383 PMCID: PMC6354134 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7501870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acute application of LEDT in improving peripheral muscle performance during isometric exercise in patients with asthma. Eleven patients, with a mean age 38 ± 10, underwent a single LEDT and sham application in the femoral quadriceps' dominant member (cluster with 50 LED λ = 850 nm, 50 mW, 15 s; 37.5 J), 48 h apart in a randomized crossover design. Before and after LEDT and sham application, the patients were submitted an isometric endurance test (60% of the maximum isometric voluntary contraction), up to the limit of tolerance simultaneous recording of surface electromyography. There were no statistically significant differences between groups at the time of contraction (before 41±14 versus 44±16; after 46±12 versus 45±20 s) during the isometric contraction test and inflammatory markers before and after a single LEDT application. A single application of LEDT in the parameters and dose according to the equipment used in the study were not able to promote differences in the time of contraction and the fatigue response in asthmatic patients. However, the chronic effects of LEDT application for improving muscle performance in these patients are unknown and may present different responses during applications for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Peres Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Politti
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dirceu Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Universidade Brasil, Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Post-Graduation Program in Sciences in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Santos, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia De Angelis
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Dal Corso
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso de Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto
- Department of Physiotherapy, Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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18
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Mohammadi MM, Raygani AAV, Ghobadi A, Samadzadeh S, Salari N. Effect of Near-Infrared Light Therapy Based on Acupoints on the Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Med Res 2018; 16:1-8. [PMID: 29776916 PMCID: PMC6108511 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2018.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common disorder in hemodialysis patients. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of near-infrared (NIR) light therapy given to acupoints on the severity of RLS in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS This single-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed on 60 hemodialysis patients with RLS. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 30). Data were collected using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLSRS) and demographic information questionnaire. The intervention group received 12 sessions of NIR light therapy (940 nm) to acupoints in the legs and feet during hemodialysis three times a week, while the control group received sham treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. RESULTS The results indicated that there were statistically and clinically significant differences between the intervention and control groups at the end of the intervention sessions (P < 0.001, mean difference [MD] = 3.8). However, after the treatment was discontinued, the difference was not clinically significant (MD = 2.4). In the within-group compression, the mean RLS scores of the intervention group decreased significantly during the intervention sessions (MD = 3.2, P < 0.001); however, after the treatment was discontinued, the difference was not clinically significant (MD = 1.67). CONCLUSION The present study showed that the application of NIR light to acupoints in the legs and feet was as an effective treatment for attenuating the symptoms of RLS in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Vaisi Raygani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. ghobadi57.
| | - Akram Ghobadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. ghobadi57. . ghobadi57
| | - Soheila Samadzadeh
- Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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19
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Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:731-743. [PMID: 29131369 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600-1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce swelling, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate microglial activation state. All these mechanisms of action strongly suggest that PBM delivered to the head should be beneficial in cases of both acute and chronic TBI. Most reports have used NIR light either from lasers or from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Many studies in small animal models of acute TBI have found positive effects on neurological function, learning and memory, and reduced inflammation and cell death in the brain. There is evidence that PBM can help the brain repair itself by stimulating neurogenesis, upregulating BDNF synthesis, and encouraging synaptogenesis. In healthy human volunteers (including students and healthy elderly women), PBM has been shown to increase regional cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and improve memory, mood, and cognitive function. Clinical studies have been conducted in patients suffering from the chronic effects of TBI. There have been reports showing improvement in executive function, working memory, and sleep. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown modulation of activation in intrinsic brain networks likely to be damaged in TBI (default mode network and salience network).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
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20
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Nawashiro H, Sato S, Kawauchi S, Takeuchi S, Nagatani K, Yoshihara N, Shinmoto H. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during transcranial near-infrared laser irradiation. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:1136-1138. [PMID: 28870511 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nawashiro
- Division of Neurosurgery, Tokorozawa Central Hospital, 3-18-1 Kusunokidai, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0037, Japan.
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Kimihiro Nagatani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Yoshihara
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shinmoto
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
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21
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Lee HI, Lee SW, Kim SY, Kim NG, Park KJ, Choi BT, Shin YI, Shin HK. Pretreatment with light-emitting diode therapy reduces ischemic brain injury in mice through endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:945-950. [PMID: 28347821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photostimulation with low-level light emitting diode therapy (LED-T) modulates neurological and psychological functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LED-T pretreatment on the mouse brain after ischemia/reperfusion and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Ischemia/reperfusion brain injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The mice received LED-T twice a day for 2 days prior to cerebral ischemia. After reperfusion, the LED-T group showed significantly smaller infarct and edema volumes, fewer behavioral deficits compared to injured mice that did not receive LED-T and significantly higher cerebral blood flow compared to the vehicle group. We observed lower levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in the injured mouse brains, but significantly higher eNOS phosphorylation in LED-T-pretreated mice. The enhanced phospho-eNOS was inhibited by LY294002, indicating that the effects of LED-T on the ischemic brain could be attributed to the upregulation of eNOS phosphorylation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Moreover, no reductions in infarct or edema volume were observed in LED-T-pretreated eNOS-deficient (eNOS-/-) mice. Collectively, we found that pretreatment with LED-T reduced the amount of ischemia-induced brain damage. Importantly, we revealed that these effects were mediated by the stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul 06719, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jun Park
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul 06719, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Matos AP, Navarro RS, Lombardi Jr. I, Brugnera Jr. A, Munin E, Villaverde AB. Pre-exercise LED phototherapy (638 nm) prevents grip strength loss in elderly women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-150604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Império Lombardi Jr.
- Human Movement Science Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo Brugnera Jr.
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Egberto Munin
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khan I, Arany P. Biophysical Approaches for Oral Wound Healing: Emphasis on Photobiomodulation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:724-737. [PMID: 26634185 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Oral wounds can lead to significant pain and discomfort as well as affect overall general health due to poor diet and inadequate nutrition. Besides many biological and pharmaceutical methods being investigated, there is growing interest in exploring various biophysical devices that utilize electric, magnetic, ultrasound, pressure, and light energy. Recent Advances: Significant insight into mechanisms of these biophysical devices could provide a clear rationale for their clinical use. Preclinical studies are essential precursors in determining physiological mechanisms and elucidation of causal pathways. This will lead to development of safe and effective therapeutic protocols for clinical wound management. Critical Issues: Identification of precise events initiated by biophysical devices, specifically photobiomodulation-the major focus of this review, offers promising avenues in improving oral wound management. The primary phase responses initiated by the interventions that distinctly contribute to the therapeutic response must be clearly delineated from secondary phase responses. The latter events are a consequence of the wound healing process and must not be confused with causal mechanisms. Future Direction: Clinical adoption of these biophysical devices needs robust and efficacious protocols that can be developed by well-designed preclinical and clinical studies. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms of these biophysical approaches could determine optimization of their applications for predictive oral wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Cell Regulation and Control Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Praveen Arany
- Cell Regulation and Control Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tomaz de Magalhães M, Núñez SC, Kato IT, Ribeiro MS. Light therapy modulates serotonin levels and blood flow in women with headache. A preliminary study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015. [PMID: 26202374 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215596383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we looked at the possible effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on blood flow velocity, and serotonin (5-HT) and cholinesterase levels in patients with chronic headache associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). LLLT has been clinically applied over the past years with positive results in analgesia and without the report of any side effects. The understanding of biological mechanisms of action may improve clinical results and facilitate its indication. Ten patients presenting headache associated with TMD completed the study. An 830-nm infrared diode laser with power of 100 mW, exposure time of 34 s, and energy of 3.4 J was applied on the tender points of masseter and temporal muscle. Blood flow velocity was determined via ultrasound Doppler velocimetry before and after laser irradiation. The whole blood 5-HT and cholinesterase levels were evaluated three days before, immediately, and three days after laser irradiation. Pain score after treatment decreased to a score of 5.8 corresponding to 64% of pain reduction (P < 0.05). LLLT promoted a decrease in the blood flow velocity (P < 0.05). In addition, the 5-HT levels were significantly increased three days after LLLT (P < 0.05). The cholinesterase levels remained unchanged at the analyzed time points (P > 0.05). Our findings indicated that LLLT regulates blood flow in the temporal artery after irradiation and might control 5-HT levels in patients suffering with tension-type headache associated to TMD contributing to pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilka Tiemy Kato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UFABC, São Paulo 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Martha Simões Ribeiro
- Professional Master Programme Lasers in Dentistry, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Chen X, Sun L, Chen Y, Cheng X, Wu W, Ji L, Chao H. A fast and selective two-photon phosphorescent probe for the imaging of nitric oxide in mitochondria. Biomaterials 2015; 58:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kent AL, Broom M, Parr V, Essex RW, Abdel-Latif ME, Dahlstrom JE, Valter K, Provis J, Natoli R. A safety and feasibility study of the use of 670 nm red light in premature neonates. J Perinatol 2015; 35:493-6. [PMID: 25695843 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina affecting extremely preterm or low birth weight infants The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of 670 nm red light use in a neonatal intensive care unit. STUDY DESIGN Neonates <30 weeks gestation and <1150 g were enrolled within 48 h of birth. Data collected included cause of preterm delivery, Apgar scores and birthweight. 670 nm red light was administered for 15 min per day from a distance of 25 cm, delivering 9 J cm(-)(2), from the time of inclusion in the study until 34 weeks postmenstrual age. Infants were assessed daily for the presence of any skin burns or other adverse signs. RESULT Twenty-eight neonates were enrolled, seven 24 to 26 weeks and twenty-one 27 to 29 weeks gestation. The most common cause for preterm delivery was preterm labor (14/28) with five of these having evidence of chorioamnionitis. There were no skin burns or other documented adverse events. Entry into the study was readily achieved and treatment was well accepted by parents and nursing staff. CONCLUSION 670 nm red light appears to be a safe and feasible treatment for further research in respect to ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kent
- 1] Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia [2] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - M Broom
- Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - V Parr
- Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - R W Essex
- 1] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - M E Abdel-Latif
- 1] Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia [2] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J E Dahlstrom
- 1] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia [2] Department of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - K Valter
- 1] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia [2] John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J Provis
- 1] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia [2] John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - R Natoli
- 1] Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia [2] John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Modulating nitric oxide levels in dorsal root ganglion neurons of rat with low-level laser therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11801-015-5032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Agrawal T, Gupta GK, Rai V, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. Pre-conditioning with low-level laser (light) therapy: light before the storm. Dose Response 2014; 12:619-49. [PMID: 25552961 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-032.agrawal] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-conditioning by ischemia, hyperthermia, hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen (and numerous other modalities) is a rapidly growing area of investigation that is used in pathological conditions where tissue damage may be expected. The damage caused by surgery, heart attack, or stroke can be mitigated by pre-treating the local or distant tissue with low levels of a stress-inducing stimulus, that can induce a protective response against subsequent major damage. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been used for nearly 50 years to enhance tissue healing and to relieve pain, inflammation and swelling. The photons are absorbed in cytochrome(c) oxidase (unit four in the mitochondrial respiratory chain), and this enzyme activation increases electron transport, respiration, oxygen consumption and ATP production. A complex signaling cascade is initiated leading to activation of transcription factors and up- and down-regulation of numerous genes. Recently it has become apparent that LLLT can also be effective if delivered to normal cells or tissue before the actual insult or trauma, in a pre-conditioning mode. Muscles are protected, nerves feel less pain, and LLLT can protect against a subsequent heart attack. These examples point the way to wider use of LLLT as a pre-conditioning modality to prevent pain and increase healing after surgical/medical procedures and possibly to increase athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanupriya Agrawal
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - James D Carroll
- THOR Photomedicine Ltd, 18A East Street, Chesham, HP5 1HQ, UK
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Kingsley JD, Demchak T, Mathis R. Low-level laser therapy as a treatment for chronic pain. Front Physiol 2014; 5:306. [PMID: 25191273 PMCID: PMC4137223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Derek Kingsley
- Human Performance and Autonomic Studies Laboratory, Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University Kent, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Demchak
- Department of Applied Medicine, Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN, USA
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