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Sapio MR, Staedtler ES, King DM, Maric D, Jahanipour J, Ghetti A, Jacobson KA, Mannes AJ, Iadarola MJ. Analgesic candidate adenosine A3 receptors are expressed by perineuronal peripheral macrophages in human dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord microglia. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00583. [PMID: 38691673 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adenosine receptors are a family of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors that are widely distributed in bodily organs and in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Recently, antihyperalgesic actions have been suggested for the adenosine A3 receptor, and its agonists have been proposed as new neuropathic pain treatments. We hypothesized that these receptors may be expressed in nociceptive primary afferent neurons. However, RNA sequencing across species, eg, rat, mouse, dog, and human, suggests that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) expression of ADORA3 is inconsistent. In rat and mouse, Adora3 shows very weak to no expression in DRG, whereas it is well expressed in human DRG. However, the cell types in human DRG that express ADORA3 have not been delineated. An examination of DRG cell types using in situ hybridization clearly detected ADORA3 transcripts in peripheral macrophages that are in close apposition to the neuronal perikarya but not in peripheral sensory neurons. By contrast, ADORA1 was found primarily in neurons, where it is broadly expressed at low levels. These results suggest that a more complex or indirect mechanism involving modulation of macrophage and/or microglial cells may underlie the potential analgesic action of adenosine A3 receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ellen S Staedtler
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diana M King
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jahandar Jahanipour
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andre Ghetti
- AnaBios Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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2
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Ye Y, Cheng H, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang LD, Tang J. Macrophage: A key player in neuropathic pain. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38661566 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2344170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between macrophages and neuropathic pain has flourished in the past two decades. It has long been believed that macrophages are strong immune effector cells that play well-established roles in tissue homeostasis and lesions, such as promoting the initiation and progression of tissue injury and improving wound healing and tissue remodeling in a variety of pathogenesis-related diseases. They are also heterogeneous and versatile cells that can switch phenotypically/functionally in response to the micro-environment signals. Apart from microglia (resident macrophages of both the spinal cord and brain), which are required for the neuropathic pain processing of the CNS, neuropathic pain signals in PNS are influenced by the interaction of tissue-resident macrophages and BM infiltrating macrophages with primary afferent neurons. And the current review looks at new evidence that suggests sexual dimorphism in neuropathic pain are caused by variations in the immune system, notably macrophages, rather than the neurological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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3
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Bom ADOP, Dias-Soares M, Corrêa RCD, Neves CL, Hosch NG, de Lucena GG, Oliveira CG, Pagano RL, Chacur M, Giorgi R. Molecular Aspects Involved in the Mechanisms of Bothrops jararaca Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia: Participation of NK1 Receptor and Glial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:187. [PMID: 38668612 PMCID: PMC11053884 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accidents caused by Bothrops jararaca (Bj) snakes result in several local and systemic manifestations, with pain being a fundamental characteristic. The inflammatory process responsible for hyperalgesia induced by Bj venom (Bjv) has been studied; however, the specific roles played by the peripheral and central nervous systems in this phenomenon remain unclear. To clarify this, we induced hyperalgesia in rats using Bjv and collected tissues from dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord (SC) at 2 and 4 h post-induction. Samples were labeled for Iba-1 (macrophage and microglia), GFAP (satellite cells and astrocytes), EGR1 (neurons), and NK1 receptors. Additionally, we investigated the impact of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia, and GR82334 antagonist on Bjv-induced hyperalgesia. Our findings reveal an increase in Iba1 in DRG at 2 h and EGR1 at 4 h. In the SC, markers for microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and NK1 receptors exhibited increased expression after 2 h, with EGR1 continuing to rise at 4 h. Minocycline and GR82334 inhibited venom-induced hyperalgesia, highlighting the crucial roles of microglia and NK1 receptors in this phenomenon. Our results suggest that the hyperalgesic effects of Bjv involve the participation of microglial and astrocytic cells, in addition to the activation of NK1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela de Oliveira Pedro Bom
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Dias-Soares
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| | - Raíssa Cristina Darroz Corrêa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lima Neves
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| | | | - Gabriela Gomes de Lucena
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| | - Camilla Garcia Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (C.G.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosana Lima Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (C.G.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Renata Giorgi
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
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4
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Konnova EA, Deftu AF, Chu Sin Chung P, Kirschmann G, Decosterd I, Suter MR. Potassium channel modulation in macrophages sensitizes dorsal root ganglion neurons after nerve injury. Glia 2024; 72:677-691. [PMID: 38108588 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages and satellite glial cells are found between injured and uninjured neurons in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We explored the mechanism of neuro-immune and neuron-glia crosstalk leading to hyperexcitability of DRG neurons. After spared nerve injury (SNI), CX3CR1+ resident macrophages became activated, proliferated, and increased inward-rectifying potassium channel Kir 2.1 currents. Conditioned medium (CM) by macrophages, obtained from DRG of SNI mice, sensitized small DRG neurons from naïve mice. However, treatment with CM from GFAP+ glial cells did not affect neuronal excitability. When subjected to this macrophage-derived CM, DRG neurons had increased spontaneous activity, current-evoked responses and voltage-gated NaV 1.7 and NaV 1.8 currents. Silencing Kir 2.1 in macrophages after SNI prevented the induction of neuronal hyperexcitability from their CM. Blocking vesicular exocytosis or soluble tumor necrosis factor in CM or interfering with the downstream intracellular p38 pathway in neurons, also prevented neuronal hyperexcitability. Blocking protein trafficking in neurons reduced the effect of CM, suggesting that the hyperexcitable state resulted from changes in NaV channel trafficking. These results suggest that DRG macrophages, primed by peripheral nerve injury, contribute to neuron-glia crosstalk, NaV channel dysregulation and neuronal hyperexcitability implicated in the development of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Konnova
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Chu Sin Chung
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guylène Kirschmann
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc R Suter
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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O'Brien JA, Karrasch JF, Huang Y, Vine EE, Cunningham AL, Harman AN, Austin PJ. Nerve-myeloid cell interactions in persistent human pain: a reappraisal using updated cell subset classifications. Pain 2024; 165:753-771. [PMID: 37975868 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The past 20 years have seen a dramatic shift in our understanding of the role of the immune system in initiating and maintaining pain. Myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and mast cells, are increasingly implicated in bidirectional interactions with nerve fibres in rodent pain models. However, our understanding of the human setting is still poor. High-dimensional functional analyses have substantially changed myeloid cell classifications, with recently described subsets such as epidermal dendritic cells and DC3s unveiling new insight into how myeloid cells interact with nerve fibres. However, it is unclear whether this new understanding has informed the study of human chronic pain. In this article, we perform a scoping review investigating neuroimmune interactions between myeloid cells and peripheral nerve fibres in human chronic pain conditions. We found 37 papers from multiple pain states addressing this aim in skin, cornea, peripheral nerve, endometrium, and tumour, with macrophages, Langerhans cells, and mast cells the most investigated. The directionality of results between studies was inconsistent, although the clearest pattern was an increase in macrophage frequency across conditions, phases, and tissues. Myeloid cell definitions were often outdated and lacked correspondence with the stated cell types of interest; overreliance on morphology and traditional structural markers gave limited insight into the functional characteristics of investigated cells. We therefore critically reappraise the existing literature considering contemporary myeloid cell biology and advocate for the application of established and emerging high-dimensional proteomic and transcriptomic single-cell technologies to clarify the role of specific neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jackson F Karrasch
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Yun Huang
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erica E Vine
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Andrew N Harman
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Paul J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
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6
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Lin Z, Luo X, Wickman JR, Reddy D, Pande R, Tian Y, Triana V, Lee J, Furdui CM, Pink D, Sacan A, Ajit SK. Inflammatory pain resolution by mouse serum-derived small extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.578759. [PMID: 38405813 PMCID: PMC10888877 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.578759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant public health issue. Current treatments have limited efficacy and significant side effects, warranting research on alternative strategies for pain management. One approach involves using small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to transport beneficial biomolecular cargo to aid pain resolution. Exosomes are 30-150 nm sEVs that can carry RNAs, proteins, and lipid mediators to recipient cells via circulation. Exosomes can be beneficial or harmful depending on their source and contents. To investigate the short and long-term effects of mouse serum-derived sEVs in pain modulation, sEVs from naïve control or spared nerve injury (SNI) model donor mice were injected intrathecally into naïve recipient mice. Basal mechanical thresholds transiently increased in recipient mice. This effect was mediated by opioid signaling as this outcome was blocked by naltrexone. Mass Spectrometry of sEVs detected endogenous opioid peptide leu-enkephalin. A single prophylactic intrathecal injection of sEVs two weeks prior to induction of the pain model in recipient mice delayed mechanical allodynia in SNI model mice and accelerated recovery from inflammatory pain after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. ChipCytometry of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from sEV treated mice showed that prophylactic sEV treatment reduced the number of natural killer (NK) and NKT cells in spinal cord and increased CD206+ anti-inflammatory macrophages in (DRG) after CFA injection. Further characterization of sEVs showed the presence of immune markers suggesting that sEVs can exert immunomodulatory effects in recipient mice to promote the resolution of inflammatory pain. Collectively, these studies demonstrate multiple mechanisms by which sEVs can attenuate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhucheng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Jason R Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Deepa Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Richa Pande
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Yuzhen Tian
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | | | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Desmond Pink
- Nanostics Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, T5J 4P6, Canada
| | - Ahmet Sacan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seena K Ajit
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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7
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Warfield R, Robinson JA, Podgorski RM, Miller AD, Burdo TH. Neuroinflammation in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Dorsal Horn Contributes to Persistence of Nociceptor Sensitization in SIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Macaques. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:2017-2030. [PMID: 37734588 PMCID: PMC10699130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy remains prevalent. Using SIV-infected rhesus macaques, this study examined molecular mechanisms of peripheral and central sensitization to infer chronic pain from HIV infection. Previous studies identified atrophy in nociceptive neurons during SIV infection, which was associated with monocyte infiltration into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, the sensory signaling mechanism connecting this pathology to symptoms remains unclear, especially because pain persists after resolution of high viremia and inflammation with ART. We hypothesized that residual DRG and dorsal horn neuroinflammation contributes to nociceptive sensitization. Using three cohorts of macaques [uninfected (SIV-), SIV-infected (SIV+), and SIV infected with ART (SIV+/ART)], this study showed an increase in the cellular and cytokine inflammatory profiles in the DRG of SIV+/ART macaques compared with uninfected animals. It found significant increase in the expression of nociceptive ion channels, TRPV1, and TRPA1 among DRG neurons in SIV+/ART compared with uninfected animals. SIV-infected and SIV+/ART animals showed reduced innervation of the nonpeptidergic nociceptors into the dorsal horn compared with uninfected animals. Finally, there were a significantly higher number of CD68+ cells in the dorsal horn of SIV+/ART macaques compared with uninfected animals. In summary, these data demonstrate that neuroinflammation, characteristics of nociceptor sensitization, and central terminal atrophy persists in SIV+/ART animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Warfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jake A Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel M Podgorski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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8
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Gheorghe RO, Grosu AV, Magercu M, Ghenghea MS, Zbarcea CE, Tanase A, Negres S, Filippi A, Chiritoiu G, Gherghiceanu M, Dinescu S, Gaina G, Sapunar D, Ristoiu V. Switching Rat Resident Macrophages from M1 to M2 Phenotype by Iba1 Silencing Has Analgesic Effects in SNL-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15831. [PMID: 37958812 PMCID: PMC10648812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages from dorsal root ganglia are important for the development of traumatic-induced neuropathic pain. In the first 5-7 days after a traumatic sciatic nerve injury (i.e., spinal nerve ligation (SNL), spared nerve injury (SNI), sciatic nerve transection or sciatic nerve ligation and transection), Ionized binding adapter protein 1 (Iba1) (+) resident macrophages cluster around dorsal root ganglia neurons, possibly contributing to nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity. Since infiltrating macrophages gradually recruited to the lesion site peak at about 7 days, the first few days post-lesion offer a window of opportunity when the contribution of Iba1 (+) resident macrophages to neuropathic pain pathogenesis could be investigated. Iba1 is an actin cross-linking cytoskeleton protein, specifically located only in macrophages and microglia. In this study, we explored the contribution of rat Iba1 (+) macrophages in SNL-induced neuropathic pain by using intra-ganglionic injections of naked Iba1-siRNA, delivered at the time the lesion occurred. The results show that 5 days after Iba1 silencing, Iba1 (+) resident macrophages are switched from an M1 (pro-inflammatory) phenotype to an M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype, which was confirmed by a significant decrease of M1 markers (CD32 and CD86), a significant increase of M2 markers (CD163 and Arginase-1), a reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and an increased release of pro-regenerative factors (BDNF, NGF and NT-3) which initiated the regrowth of adult DRG neurites and reduced SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Our data show for the first time, that it is possible to induce macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype by interacting with their cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Olimpia Gheorghe
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-O.G.)
| | - Andreea Violeta Grosu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-O.G.)
| | - Melania Magercu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-O.G.)
| | - Mihail-Sebastian Ghenghea
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-O.G.)
| | - Cristina Elena Zbarcea
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 6 Traian Vuia Street, District 2, 02095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tanase
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 6 Traian Vuia Street, District 2, 02095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Negres
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 6 Traian Vuia Street, District 2, 02095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Chiritoiu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, 2996 Splaiul Independentei 296, District 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Ultrastructural Pathology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology Bucharest, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gisela Gaina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Damir Sapunar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Violeta Ristoiu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-O.G.)
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9
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Fu Z, Gao C, Wu T, Wang L, Li S, Zhang Y, Shi C. Peripheral neuropathy associated with monomethyl auristatin E-based antibody-drug conjugates. iScience 2023; 26:107778. [PMID: 37727735 PMCID: PMC10505985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a pivotal category of targeted therapies for cancer. Among these ADCs, the use of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as a payload is prevalent in the development of ADC drugs, which has significantly improved overall therapeutic efficacy against various malignancies. However, increasing clinical observations have raised concerns regarding the potential nervous system toxicity associated with MMAE-based ADCs. Specifically, a higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy has been reported in ADCs incorporating MMAE as payloads. Considering the increasing global use of MMAE-based ADCs, it is imperative to provide an inclusive overview of diagnostic and management strategies for this adverse event. In this review, we examine current information and what future research directions are required to better understand and manage this type of clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
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10
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Clemente-Napimoga JT, Mendes V, Trindade-da-Silva CA, Carvalho GD, Paranhos ACGA, Andrade E Silva F, Buarque E Silva WA, Napimoga MH, Abdalla HB. Experimental traumatic occlusion drives immune changes in trigeminal ganglion. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110674. [PMID: 37481846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induces a long-lasting nociceptive response. These findings were associated with altered neuronal patterns and suggestive satellite glial cell activation. This study aimed to elucidate the activation of satellite glial cells following ETO in the trigeminal ganglion. Moreover, we explored the involvement of resident and infiltrating cells in trigeminal ganglion in ETO. Finally, we investigated the overexpression of purinergic signaling and the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis. RT-qPCR and electrophoresis showed overexpression of GFAP in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and immunohistochemistry corroborated these findings, demonstrating SGCs activation. ELISA reveals enhanced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in TG after 28 d of ETO. In trigeminal ganglia, ETO groups improved the release of CX3CL1, and immunohistochemistry showed higher CX3CR1+ -immunoreactive cells in ETO groups. Immunohistochemistry and electrophoresis of the P2X7 receptor were found in ETO groups. The mRNA levels of IBA1 are upregulated in the 0.7-mm ETO group, while immunohistochemistry showed higher IBA1+ -immunoreactive cells in both ETO groups. The expression of CD68 by electrophoresis and immunohistochemistry was observed in the ETO groups. For last, ELISA revealed increased levels of IL-6, IL-12, and CCL2 in the TG of ETO groups. Furthermore, the mRNA expression revealed augmented transcription factors and cytokines associated with lymphocyte activation, such as RORγt, IL-17, Tbet, IFNγ, FOXP3, and IL-10. The findings of this study suggested that ETO activates SGCs in TG, and purinergic signaling and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis were upregulated. We uncovered the involvement of a distinct subtype of macrophages, named sensory neuron-associated macrophage activation (sNMAs), and detected an expanded number of infiltrated macrophages onto TG. These findings indicate that ETO induces chronic/persistent immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vagner Mendes
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo de Carvalho
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Andrade E Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilkens Aurélio Buarque E Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Yang R, Du J, Li L, Xu X, Liang S. Central role of purinergic receptors with inflammation in neuropathic pain-related macrophage-SGC-neuron triad. Neuropharmacology 2023; 228:109445. [PMID: 36740014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts on P2 purinergic receptors as an extracellular signaling molecule. P2 purinergic receptors include P2X ionotropic receptors and P2Y metabotropic receptors. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) and macrophages express P2X and P2Y receptors. Inflammatory cytokines and pro-nociceptive mediators are released by activated macrophages and SGCs, which can act on neurons to promote excitability and firing. In the primary sensory ganglia, in response to signals of injury, SGCs and macrophages accumulate around primary sensory neurons, forming a macrophage-SGC-neuron triad. In addition to affecting the pathological alterations of inflammation-related neuropathic pain, inflammatory cytokines and pro-nociceptive mediators are released by the action of ATP on P2X and P2Y receptors in macrophages and SGCs. Macrophages and SGCs work together to enhance and prolong neuropathic pain. The macrophage-SGC-neuron triad communicates with each other through ATP and other inflammatory mediators and maintains and promotes the initiation and development of inflammation related-neuropathic pain. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Du
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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12
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P2X7-NLRP3-Caspase-1 signaling mediates activity-induced muscle pain in male but not female mice. Pain 2023:00006396-990000000-00266. [PMID: 36930885 PMCID: PMC10363217 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We developed an animal model of activity-induced muscle pain that is dependent on local macrophage activation and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Activation of purinergic type 2X (P2X) 7 receptors recruits the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 and activates Caspase-1 to release IL-1β. We hypothesized that pharmacological blockade of P2X7, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 would prevent development of activity-induced muscle pain in vivo and release of IL-1β from macrophages in vitro. The decrease in muscle withdrawal thresholds in male, but not female, mice was prevented by the administration of P2X7, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 inhibitors before induction of the model, whereas blockade of IL-1β before induction prevented muscle hyperalgesia in both male and female mice. Blockade of P2X7, NLRP3, Capsase-1, or IL-1β 24 hours, but not 1 week, after induction of the model alleviated muscle hyperalgesia in male, but not female, mice. mRNA expression of P2X7, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β from muscle was increased 24 hours after induction of the model in both male and female mice. Using multiplex, increases in IL-1β induced by combining adenosine triphosphate with pH 6.5 in lipopolysaccharide-primed male and female macrophages were significantly lower with the presence of inhibitors of P2X7 (A740003), NLRP3 (MCC950), and Caspase-1 (Z-WEHD-FMK) when compared with the vehicle. The current data suggest the P2X7/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway contributed to activity-induced muscle pain initiation and early maintenance phases in male but not female, and not in late maintenance phases in male mice.
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13
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Abstract
Interactions between the immune and nervous systems are of central importance in neuropathic pain, a common and debilitating form of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. Our understanding of neuroimmune interactions in pain research has advanced considerably. Initially considered as passive bystanders, then as culprits in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, immune responses in the nervous system are now established to underpin not only the initiation and progression of pain but also its resolution. Indeed, immune cells and their mediators are well-established promoters of neuroinflammation at each level of the neural pain pathway that contributes to pain hypersensitivity. However, emerging evidence indicates that specific subtypes of immune cells (including antinociceptive macrophages, pain-resolving microglia and T regulatory cells) as well as immunoresolvent molecules and modulators of the gut microbiota-immune system axis can reduce the pain experience and contribute to the resolution of neuropathic pain. This Review provides an overview of the immune mechanisms responsible for the resolution of neuropathic pain, including those involved in innate, adaptive and meningeal immunity as well as interactions with the gut microbiome. Specialized pro-resolving mediators and therapeutic approaches that target these neuroimmune mechanisms are also discussed.
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14
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Ghazisaeidi S, Muley MM, Salter MW. Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms, Sex Differences, and Potential Therapies for a Global Problem. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:565-583. [PMID: 36662582 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of chronic pain continues to generate ever-increasing numbers of publications, but safe and efficacious treatments for chronic pain remain elusive. Recognition of sex-specific mechanisms underlying chronic pain has resulted in a surge of studies that include both sexes. A predominant focus has been on identifying sex differences, yet many newly identified cellular mechanisms and alterations in gene expression are conserved between the sexes. Here we review sex differences and similarities in cellular and molecular signals that drive the generation and resolution of neuropathic pain. The mix of differences and similarities reflects degeneracy in peripheral and central signaling processes by which neurons, immune cells, and glia codependently drive pain hypersensitivity. Recent findings identifying critical signaling nodes foreshadow the development of rationally designed, broadly applicable analgesic strategies. However, the paucity of effective, safe pain treatments compels targeted therapies as well to increase therapeutic options that help reduce the global burden of suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Ghazisaeidi
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milind M Muley
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W Salter
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Maguire AD, Friedman TN, Villarreal Andrade DN, Haq F, Dunn J, Pfeifle K, Tenorio G, Buro K, Plemel JR, Kerr BJ. Sex differences in the inflammatory response of the mouse DRG and its connection to pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20995. [PMID: 36470947 PMCID: PMC9722825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with notable sex differences. Women are not only more likely to develop MS but are also more likely than men to experience neuropathic pain in the disease. It has been postulated that neuropathic pain in MS can originate in the peripheral nervous system at the level of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which houses primary pain sensing neurons (nociceptors). These nociceptors become hyperexcitable in response to inflammation, leading to peripheral sensitization and eventually central sensitization, which maintains pain long-term. The mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a good model for human MS as it replicates classic MS symptoms including pain. Using EAE mice as well as naïve primary mouse DRG neurons cultured in vitro, we sought to characterize sex differences, specifically in peripheral sensory neurons. We found sex differences in the inflammatory profile of the EAE DRG, and in the TNFα downstream signaling pathways activated intracellularly in cultured nociceptors. We also found increased cell death with TNFα treatment. Given that TNFα signaling has been shown to initiate intrinsic apoptosis through mitochondrial disruption, this led us to investigate sex differences in the mitochondria's response to TNFα. Our results demonstrate that male sensory neurons are more sensitive to mitochondrial stress, making them prone to neuronal injury. In contrast, female sensory neurons appear to be more resistant to mitochondrial stress and exhibit an inflammatory and regenerative phenotype that may underlie greater nociceptor hyperexcitability and pain. Understanding these sex differences at the level of the primary sensory neuron is an important first step in our eventual goal of developing sex-specific treatments to halt pain development in the periphery before central sensitization is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn D. Maguire
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Timothy N. Friedman
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Dania N. Villarreal Andrade
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Fajr Haq
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Jacob Dunn
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Keiana Pfeifle
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Gustavo Tenorio
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Karen Buro
- grid.418296.00000 0004 0398 5853Department of Mathematics and Statistics, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 2P2 Canada
| | - Jason R. Plemel
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Bradley J. Kerr
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
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16
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Silva R, Sideris-Lampretsas G, Fox S, Zeboudj L, Malcangio M. CD206 +/MHCII - macrophage accumulation at nerve injury site correlates with attenuation of allodynia in TASTPM mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100548. [PMID: 36388139 PMCID: PMC9643400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is undertreated in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain in this neurodegenerative disease is essential. Neuropathic pain and AD share a significant involvement of the peripheral immune system. Therefore, we examined the development of nerve injury-induced allodynia in TASTPM (APPsweXPS1.M146V) mice and assessed monocytes/macrophages at injury site. TASTPM developed partial allodynia compared to WT at days 7, 14 and 21 days after injury, and showed complete allodynia only after treatment with naloxone methiodide, a peripheralized opioid receptor antagonist. Since macrophages are one of the sources of endogenous opioids in the periphery, we examined macrophage infiltration at injury site and observed that CD206+/MHCII- cells were more numerous in TASTPM than WT. Accordingly, circulating TASTPM Ly6Chigh (classical) monocytes, which are pro-inflammatory and infiltrate at the site of injury, were less abundant than in WT. In in vitro experiments, TASTPM bone marrow-derived macrophages showed efficient phagocytosis of myelin extracts containing amyloid precursor protein, acquired CD206+/MHCII- phenotype, upregulated mRNA expression of proenkephalin (PENK) and accumulated enkephalins in culture media. These data suggest that in TASTPM nerve-injured mice, infiltrating macrophages which derive from circulating monocytes and may contain amyloid fragments, acquire M2-like phenotype after myelin engulfment, and release enkephalins which are likely to inhibit nociceptive neuron activity via activation of opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Sarah Fox
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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17
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Gheorghe RO, Grosu AV, Bica-Popi M, Ristoiu V. The Yin/Yang Balance of Communication between Sensory Neurons and Macrophages in Traumatic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012389. [PMID: 36293246 PMCID: PMC9603877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain is a complex syndrome caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. Secondary to the lesion, resident or infiltrating macrophages proliferate and initiate a cross-talk with the sensory neurons, at the level of peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia. The neuron–macrophage interaction, which starts very early after the lesion, is very important for promoting pain development and for initiating changes that will facilitate the chronicization of pain, but it also has the potential to facilitate the resolution of injury-induced changes and, consequently, promote the reduction of pain. This review is an overview of the unique characteristics of nerve-associated macrophages in the peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia and of the molecules and signaling pathways involved in the neuro-immune cross-talk after a traumatic lesion, with the final aim of better understanding how the balance between pro- and anti-nociceptive dialogue between neurons and macrophages may be modulated for new therapeutic approaches.
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18
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Kwon MJ, Seo Y, Cho H, Kim HS, Oh YJ, Genişcan S, Kim M, Park HH, Joe EH, Kwon MH, Kang HC, Kim BG. Nanogel-mediated delivery of oncomodulin secreted from regeneration-associated macrophages promotes sensory axon regeneration in the spinal cord. Theranostics 2022; 12:5856-5876. [PMID: 35966584 PMCID: PMC9373827 DOI: 10.7150/thno.73386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning nerve injury enhances axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in part by driving pro-regenerative perineuronal macrophage activation. How these macrophages influence the neuronal capacity of axon regeneration remains elusive. We report that oncomodulin (ONCM) is produced from the regeneration-associated macrophages and strongly influences regeneration of DRG sensory axons. We also attempted to promote sensory axon regeneration by nanogel-mediated delivery of ONCM to DRGs. Methods:In vitro neuron-macrophage interaction model and preconditioning sciatic nerve injury were used to verify the necessity of ONCM in preconditioning injury-induced neurite outgrowth. We developed a nanogel-mediated delivery system in which electrostatic encapsulation of ONCM by a reducible epsilon-poly(L-lysine)-nanogel (REPL-NG) enabled a controlled release of ONCM. Results: Sciatic nerve injury upregulated ONCM in DRG macrophages. ONCM in macrophages was necessary to produce pro-regenerative macrophages in the in vitro model of neuron-macrophage interaction and played an essential role in preconditioning-induced neurite outgrowth. ONCM increased neurite outgrowth in cultured DRG neurons by activating a distinct gene set, particularly neuropeptide-related genes. Increasing extracellularly secreted ONCM in DRGs sufficiently enhanced the capacity of neurite outgrowth. Intraganglionic injection of REPL-NG/ONCM complex allowed sustained ONCM activity in DRG tissue and achieved a remarkable long-range regeneration of dorsal column sensory axons beyond spinal cord lesion. Conclusion: NG-mediated ONCM delivery could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for promoting sensory axon regeneration following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kwon
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Seo
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Oh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Simay Genişcan
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Hwan Park
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yang JX, Wang HF, Chen JZ, Li HY, Hu JC, Yu AA, Wen JJ, Chen SJ, Lai WD, Wang S, Jin Y, Yu J. Potential Neuroimmune Interaction in Chronic Pain: A Review on Immune Cells in Peripheral and Central Sensitization. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:946846. [PMID: 35859655 PMCID: PMC9289261 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.946846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a long-standing unpleasant sensory and emotional feeling that has a tremendous impact on the physiological functions of the body, manifesting itself as a dysfunction of the nervous system, which can occur with peripheral and central sensitization. Many recent studies have shown that a variety of common immune cells in the immune system are involved in chronic pain by acting on the peripheral or central nervous system, especially in the autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the mechanisms of regulation of the sensory nervous system by neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, B cells, T cells, and central glial cells. In addition, we discuss in more detail the influence of each immune cell on the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of chronic pain. Neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells as intrinsic immune cells can induce the transition from acute to chronic pain and its maintenance; B cells and T cells as adaptive immune cells are mainly involved in the initiation of chronic pain, and T cells also contribute to the resolution of it; the role of glial cells in the nervous system can be extended to the beginning and end of chronic pain. This article aims to promote the understanding of the neuroimmune mechanisms of chronic pain, and to provide new therapeutic ideas and strategies for the control of chronic pain at the immune cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Yang
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Zhun Chen
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yu Li
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chen Hu
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An-An Yu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wen
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Jin
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Jie Yu
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20
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NADPH Oxidases in Pain Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061162. [PMID: 35740059 PMCID: PMC9219759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation or injury to the somatosensory nervous system may result in chronic pain conditions, which affect millions of people and often cause major health problems. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the nociceptive system during chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain and act as specific signaling molecules in pain processing. Among potential ROS sources in the somatosensory system are NADPH oxidases, a group of electron-transporting transmembrane enzymes whose sole function seems to be the generation of ROS. Interestingly, the expression and relevant function of the Nox family members Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 in various cells of the nociceptive system have been demonstrated. Studies using knockout mice or specific knockdown of these isoforms indicate that Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 specifically contribute to distinct signaling pathways in chronic inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain states. As selective Nox inhibitors are currently being developed and investigated in various physiological and pathophysiological settings, targeting Nox1, Nox2, and/or Nox4 could be a novel strategy for the treatment of chronic pain. Here, we summarize the distinct roles of Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 in inflammatory and neuropathic processing and discuss the effectiveness of currently available Nox inhibitors in the treatment of chronic pain conditions.
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Boakye PA, Tang SJ, Smith PA. Mediators of Neuropathic Pain; Focus on Spinal Microglia, CSF-1, BDNF, CCL21, TNF-α, Wnt Ligands, and Interleukin 1β. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:698157. [PMID: 35295524 PMCID: PMC8915739 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.698157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and epithelial cells are activated leading to the generation of an “inflammatory soup” containing cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. These primary mediators sensitize sensory nerve endings, attract macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function in primary afferent neurons. This leads to increased excitability and spontaneous activity and the generation of secondary mediators including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), chemokine C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL-21), Wnt3a, and Wnt5a. Release of these mediators from primary afferent neurons alters the properties of spinal microglial cells causing them to release tertiary mediators, in many situations via ATP-dependent mechanisms. Tertiary mediators such as BDNF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and other Wnt ligands facilitate the generation and transmission of nociceptive information by increasing excitatory glutamatergic transmission and attenuating inhibitory GABA and glycinergic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. This review focusses on activation of microglia by secondary mediators, release of tertiary mediators from microglia and a description of their actions in the spinal dorsal horn. Attention is drawn to the substantial differences in the precise roles of various mediators in males compared to females. At least 25 different mediators have been identified but the similarity of their actions at sensory nerve endings, in the dorsal root ganglia and in the spinal cord means there is considerable redundancy in the available mechanisms. Despite this, behavioral studies show that interruption of the actions of any single mediator can relieve signs of pain in experimental animals. We draw attention this paradox. It is difficult to explain how inactivation of one mediator can relieve pain when so many parallel pathways are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Boakye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Domoto R, Sekiguchi F, Kamaguchi R, Iemura M, Yamanishi H, Tsubota M, Wang D, Nishibori M, Kawabata A. Role of neuron-derived ATP in paclitaxel-induced HMGB1 release from macrophages and peripheral neuropathy. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:156-161. [PMID: 34924121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). PIPN in mice was prevented by HMGB1 neutralization, macrophage depletion, and P2X7 or P2X4 blockade. Paclitaxel and ATP synergistically released HMGB1 from macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, but not neuron-like NG108-15 cells. The paclitaxel-induced HMGB1 release from RAW264.7 cells was accelerated by co-culture with NG108-15 cells in a manner dependent on P2X7 or P2X4. Paclitaxel released ATP from NG108-15 cells, but not RAW264.7 cells. Thus, PIPN is considered to involve acceleration of HMGB1 release from macrophages through P2X7 and P2X4 activation by neuron-derived ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Domoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Riki Kamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maiko Iemura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamanishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Macrophage as a Peripheral Pain Regulator. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081881. [PMID: 34440650 PMCID: PMC8392675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroimmune crosstalk is involved in somatic and visceral pathological pain including inflammatory and neuropathic components. Apart from microglia essential for spinal and supraspinal pain processing, the interaction of bone marrow-derived infiltrating macrophages and/or tissue-resident macrophages with the primary afferent neurons regulates pain signals in the peripheral tissue. Recent studies have uncovered previously unknown characteristics of tissue-resident macrophages, such as their origins and association with regulation of pain signals. Peripheral nerve macrophages and intestinal resident macrophages, in addition to adult monocyte-derived infiltrating macrophages, secrete a variety of mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, high mobility group box 1 and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), that regulate the excitability of the primary afferents. Neuron-derived mediators including neuropeptides, ATP and macrophage-colony stimulating factor regulate the activity or polarization of diverse macrophages. Thus, macrophages have multitasks in homeostatic conditions and participate in somatic and visceral pathological pain by interacting with neurons.
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