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Guo L, An L, Wang N, Ni T, Wang X, Zhou Y, Luo F, Zhang S, Zhang K, Yu B. Prospective association between social isolation, loneliness and lung function among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Australas J Ageing 2024. [PMID: 38741527 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has highlighted a heightened occurrence of social isolation and loneliness in older adults diagnosed with chronic lung diseases. Nevertheless, there exists a dearth of studies that have explored the influence of impoverished social relationships on lung function. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between social isolation, loneliness and lung function over 4 years among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. METHODS This study employed two waves (2011 and 2015) of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The analysis was limited to participants aged 45 years and above and stratified based on gender (3325 men and 3794 women). The measurement of peak expiratory flow (PEF) served as an indicator for assessing lung function. Lagged dependent variable regression models, accounting for covariates, were employed to explore the relationship between baseline social isolation and loneliness and the subsequent PEF. RESULTS For women, social isolation was significantly associated with the decline in PEF at follow-up (β = -.06, p < .001) even after adjusting for all covariates; no significant correlation was observed between loneliness and PEF. Among men, there was no significant association found between either social isolation or loneliness and PEF. CONCLUSIONS Social isolation is prospectively associated with worse lung function in middle-aged and older Chinese women but not men. The results highlight the importance of promoting social relationships in public health initiatives, especially in groups that are more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Guo
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li An
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Suicidology, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Nandi Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjuntao Ni
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Suicidology, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Suicidology, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Department of Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fengping Luo
- Department of Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Suicidology, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Assor M, Lantermino L. [A post-Covid-19 approach to loneliness and isolation in old age]. SOINS. GERONTOLOGIE 2024; 29:29-32. [PMID: 38677808 DOI: 10.1016/j.sger.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has accentuated loneliness and isolation among the elderly, affecting their physical and mental health. The post-Covid-19 approach needs to strengthen early detection of loneliness and isolation while promoting social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Assor
- Association Les Petits Frères des pauvres, 19 cité Voltaire, 75011 Paris, France.
| | - Laura Lantermino
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, 4 avenue Reine Victoria, 06000 Nice, France
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3
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Carrasco PM, Crespo DP, García AIR, Ibáñez ML, Rubio BM, Montenegro-Peña M. Predictive factors and risk and protection groups for loneliness in older adults: a population-based study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:238. [PMID: 38671496 PMCID: PMC11055238 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is considered a public health problem, particularly among older adults. Although risk factors for loneliness have been studied extensively, fewer studies have focused on the protected and risk groups that these factors configure. Our objective is to analyze the variables and latent factors that predict loneliness in older adults and that enable risk and protected groups to be configured. METHODS We employed an epidemiological, cross-sectional survey that was carried out on a random sample of 2060 people over 65 years extracted from the census. A structured telephone interview was used to assess mental and physical health, habits, quality of life, and loneliness, applying the COOP-Wonca, Goldberg General Health (GHQ-12), and Barber Questionnaires. RESULTS Predictors of loneliness were: mental health, living alone, quality of life, depressive symptoms, low educational level, and some deficiency situations such as having no one to turn to for help. The factors extracted (Factorial Analysis) were: a subjective experience of poor health, objective isolation, and psychological isolation. We established at risk and protected groups ("Decision Tree" procedure), and loneliness was referred to by 73.2% of the people living alone and with poor mental health and quality of life (risk group). By contrast, only 0.8% of people living with others, with good mental health and good quality of life felt loneliness (protected group). CONCLUSION In a well-developed city, subjective and objective factors are associated with loneliness. These factors, especially those associated with at risk or protected groups, must be considered to develop strategies that address loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Prada Crespo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Psychology I, Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mercedes Montenegro-Peña
- Centre for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment, Madrid Salud, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
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Wang S, Zhang H, Lou Y, You Q, Jiang Q, Cao S. Association of social isolation and loneliness with the risk of hypertension in middle aged and older adults: Findings from a national representative longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:577-582. [PMID: 38199413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and loneliness have been proved to be associated with many adverse health outcomes, but their influence on hypertension remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship of social isolation and loneliness with hypertension risk among middle-aged and older adults in China. METHODS We used data from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants were assessed for social isolation and loneliness at baseline, and hypertension was identified by self-report and blood pressure measurement at follow-up in 2015. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of social isolation and loneliness with the risk of hypertension. RESULTS A total of 3711 residents were included. 13.7 % of the participants had high level of social isolation and 18.1 % felt lonely. During the four-year follow up period, 651 participants developed hypertension. People with high level of social isolation had an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.79). Similar results were found between social isolation score and hypertension risk (OR: 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.26). No significant association between loneliness and hypertension or any interaction effect of social isolation and loneliness on hypertension were observed. LIMITATIONS Limited by the structure of questionnaire, some of the information was derived by self-report, which may lead to recalling bias. CONCLUSION Social isolation, rather than loneliness was associated with hypertension for middle aged and older adults. Social support needs to be strengthened for hypertension prevention in community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yiling Lou
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qiqi You
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Shiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Rio CJ, Saligan LN, Li X, Crouch A, Von Ah D. Correlates of frailty in older female cancer survivors. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101682. [PMID: 38104481 PMCID: PMC10922550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer survivors are at risk of frailty because of cancer and its treatment. Understanding the factors that increase the risk of frailty is an important aspect of cancer care for the development of interventions to prevent or manage frailty, thus improving cancer survival and overall quality of life of cancer survivors. This study aimed to identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial correlates of frailty in older, female cancer survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a sub-study focusing on the exploratory aim of a larger cross-sectional study (NURS-IIR-IUSCC-0748). A total of 213 female cancer survivors aged 59-87 years old were included from the parent study in the current analysis. Frailty, the primary outcome, was measured using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator scale. The independent variables were age, relationship status, clinical stage of cancer, treatment type, comorbidity, depression, affect, optimism, stress, and social support. Stepwise linear regression modeling identified the independent variables that were significantly associated with frailty. RESULTS The final regression model revealed that high patient-reported stress and depression, comorbidity, not being married or living with a partner, and low positive affect were significantly associated with worsening frailty in this population. DISCUSSION Understanding the context of frailty is important for the design of interventions that target factors known to be associated with frailty in older cancer survivors. Further validation with a larger and a more diverse sample from a broad spectrum of sociodemographic and clinical population would fully account for the multiple independent variables influencing frailty in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carielle Joy Rio
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adele Crouch
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Diane Von Ah
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Li Q, Yang C, Zhao Z, Yang C, Chen Z, Huang D, Yin W. The relationship between Internet use and loneliness of middle-aged and older adult people: the moderating effect of residence. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1284180. [PMID: 38356943 PMCID: PMC10864488 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1284180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The proportion of middle-aged and older adult people exposed to the Internet continues to grow. Internet use may have an impact on the mental health of the older adult, especially loneliness. This study analyzed the relationship between Internet use and presence of loneliness. Methods A total of 550 person aged 45 years and above were randomly selected from a province in eastern China at the end of 2022. The outcome variable was presence of loneliness, as measured by self-report. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic analysis were used to analyze the data. Results 58.3% of respondents use the Internet. Internet use could reduce the possible of reported loneliness in middle-aged and older adult people (OR = 0.652, 95%CI: 0.465, 0.940), and residence played a moderating role in the relationship between them. Middle-aged and older adults who used the Internet for 1-3 h (OR = 0.464, 95%CI: 0.275, 0.784) and 3-5 h (OR = 0.484, 95%CI: 0.247, 0.946) were less likely to felt lonely than those who used the Internet for less than 1 h per day. In addition, middle-aged and older adult people using the Internet to contact relatives and friends (OR = 0.488, 95%CI:0.292, 0.818), read the news (OR = 0.485, 95%CI:0.277, 0.848), assets management (OR = 0.297, 95%CI:0.109, 0.818) were less likely to report loneliness, while those who made online payment (OR = 3.101, 95%CI:1.413, 6.807) were more likely to report loneliness. Conclusion There is a significant negative correlation between Internet use and presence of loneliness, but different Internet duration and content have different effects on loneliness in middle-aged and older adult people. We should pay attention to the impact of Internet use on loneliness in middle-aged and older adult people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusha Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxiao Yang
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiang Yin
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Caillot-Ranjeva S, Bergua V, Meillon C, Amieva H. Impact of Cohabitation during Confinement on Older Adults' Negative Affect: What Specificity of Life as a Couple? J Frailty Aging 2024; 13:64-70. [PMID: 38305445 PMCID: PMC10212736 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation is a risk factor for older adults' physical and psychological health. The beneficial effect of social connections in times of major health events is undeniable. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the positive effect of social support depends on the relationship type. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of older adults' living conditions on the risk of experiencing negative affect during the first lockdown and post-lockdown. DESIGN An epidemiological study conducted during the COVID-19 crisis, at the time of the first lockdown, and 2 to 3 months following the lockdown. SETTING A subset sample of the PACOVID survey, a population-based survey of older adults. PARTICIPANTS Altogether, 277 participants were included into three groups depending on their living conditions: Group 1 "living alone" (n = 141); Group 2 "living with their spouse" (n = 106); Group 3 "living in cohabitation with relatives" (n = 30). MEASUREMENTS Mixed logistic regression analyses were used to study the change in the risk of experiencing negative affects over time according to the living conditions. The presence of negative affects during lockdown was assessed using three items from the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale : «Do you feel sad?»; «Do you feel depressed?; «Do you feel lonely? RESULTS Participants living with their relatives or partner were significantly less likely to experience negative affect than those living alone during lockdown. Moreover, over time, only those living with their spouse had this lesser risk compared to those living alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the protective effect of social support over time and more specifically of that provided by the spouse. Couple functioning ought to be given consideration when studying the impact of health crisis situation on the mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caillot-Ranjeva
- Valérie Bergua, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS61292, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, Phone: 0033 5 57 57 56 44 / Fax: 0033 5 57 57 14 86
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Georgescu MF, Beydoun MA, Ashe J, Maino Vieytes CA, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Loneliness, Dementia Status, and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality Among Older US Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:753-772. [PMID: 38701144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Loneliness, dementia, and mortality are interconnected. Objective We aimed at understanding mediating pathways and interactions between loneliness and dementia in relation to mortality risk. Methods The study tested bi-directional relationships between dementia, loneliness, and mortality, by examining both interactions and mediating effects in a large sample of older US adults participating in the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. Out of≤6,468 older participants selected in 2010, with mean baseline age of 78.3 years and a follow-up time up to the end of 2020, 3,298 died at a rate of 64 per 1,000 person-years (P-Y). Cox proportional hazards and four-way decomposition models were used. Results Algorithmically defined dementia status (yes versus no) was consistently linked with a more than two-fold increase in mortality risk. Dementia status and Ln(odds of dementia) were strongly related with mortality risk across tertiles of loneliness score. Loneliness z-score was also linked to an elevated risk of all-cause mortality regardless of age, sex, or race or ethnicity, and its total effect (TE) on mortality was partially mediated by Ln(odds of dementia), z-scored, (≤40% of the TE was a pure indirect effect). Conversely, a small proportion (<5%) of the TE of Ln(odds of dementia), z-scored, on mortality risk was explained by the loneliness z-score. Conclusions In sum, dementia was positively associated with all-cause mortality risk, in similar fashion across loneliness score tertiles, while loneliness was associated with mortality risk. TE of loneliness on mortality risk was partially mediated by dementia odds in reduced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Georgescu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Ashe
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian A Maino Vieytes
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Novak M, Waern M, Johansson L, Zettergren A, Ryden L, Wetterberg H, Sterner TR, Fässberg MM, Gudmundsson P, Skoog I. Six-year mortality associated with living alone and loneliness in Swedish men and women born in 1930. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:793. [PMID: 38041040 PMCID: PMC10693042 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined how living alone and loneliness associate with all-cause mortality in older men and women. METHODS Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, including 70-year-olds interviewed in 2000 and 75-year-olds (new recruits) interviewed in 2005 were used for analyses (N = 778, 353 men, 425 women). Six-year mortality was based on national register data. RESULTS At baseline, 36.6% lived alone and 31.9% reported feelings of loneliness. A total of 72 (9.3%) participants died during the 6-year follow-up period. Cumulative mortality rates per 1000 person-years were 23.9 for men and 9.6 for women. Mortality was increased more than twofold among men who lived alone compared to men living with someone (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.34-4.30). Elevated risk remained after multivariable adjustment including loneliness and depression (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.27-5.16). Stratification revealed that mortality risk in the group of men who lived alone and felt lonely was twice that of their peers who lived with someone and did not experience loneliness (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.26-5.05). In women, a more than fourfold increased risk of mortality was observed in those who experienced loneliness despite living with others (HR 4.52, 95% CI 1.43-14.23). CONCLUSIONS Living alone was an independent risk factor for death in men but not in women. Mortality was doubled in men who lived alone and felt lonely. In contrast, mortality was particularly elevated in women who felt lonely despite living with others. In the multivariable adjusted models these associations were attenuated and were no longer significant after adjusting for mainly depression in men and physical inactivity in women. Gender needs to be taken into account when considering the health consequences of living situation and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Novak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Margda Waern
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Johansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Ryden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Gudmundsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sandri E, Modesto I Alapont V, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G. Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Demographic Variables and Some Nutrition and Lifestyle Habits on Beverage Consumption in the Spanish Population. Foods 2023; 12:4310. [PMID: 38231745 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Beverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Modesto I Alapont
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Tani Y, Fujiwara T, Anzai T, Kondo K. Cooking skills, living alone, and mortality: JAGES cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:131. [PMID: 37950296 PMCID: PMC10636960 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living alone without someone to cook meals for them can happen more frequently in aging due to bereavement, divorce, or other family changes. Health risks to older adults due to poor cooking skills may be more pronounced among those living alone. We aimed to examine whether cooking skills are associated with mortality according to cohabitation status in older Japanese people. METHODS Participants in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort of independent older adults, were followed for three years (n = 10,647). Cooking skill was assessed using a scale with good validity and modified for Japanese people in the baseline survey. After stratification by living alone or together, participants with high and low cooking skills were matched on demographic, socioeconomic, health-related factors, and availability of food stores using propensity score matching. All-cause mortality risks were compared between high and low cooking skills using Cox regression models. RESULTS During the follow-up, 520 of the 10,647 participants died. One hundred and seventy-one pairs of high and low cooking skills were matched among those living alone, and 2,161 pairs among those living with others were matched as well. The hazard ratio of the low level of cooking skills (vs. high) was 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-5.68) among those living alone, while 1.05 (95% CI: 0.82-1.33) among those living with others. CONCLUSION Lower cooking skills were associated with a higher risk of mortality only among those living alone. Cooking skills may be important for older adults who live alone to reduce mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5- 45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5- 45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Anzai
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8672, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morikoka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
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12
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Li S, Zhang M, Han D, Wu Y, Zhao J, Liao H, Ma Y, Yan C, Wang J. The effects of loneliness and social isolation on cognitive impairment-free life expectancy in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2120-2127. [PMID: 36951609 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2191926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to examine the effects of social connection comprising loneliness and social isolation on cognitive impairment-free life expectancy (CIFLE). METHODS Data on 28,563 older adults (aged 65+) were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with a median follow-up of 4.00 years. Multistate Markov models were used to estimate the independent and joint effects of social connection with CIFLE. Cognitive impairment was measured by the modified Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS For men and women, respectively, reduced CIFLEs at age 65 associated with loneliness were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.41-1.48) and 1.35 (95%: CI 0.77-1.90) years, and those associated with social isolation were 2.23 (95% CI: 1.67-2.78) and 2.49 (95% CI: 1.67-3.30) years. Compared with those with neither loneliness nor social isolation ('neither' group), older adults at age 65 with both loneliness and social isolation ('both group') lost CIFLEs of 2.68 (95% CI: 1.89-3.48) and 3.51 (95% CI, 2.55-4.47) years for men and women, respectively. Similar patterns were observed in the oldest-old adults (age 85 or over). A growth trend transpired in the difference of the proportion of the remaining CIFLE between 'neither' group and 'both' group with age. CONCLUSION Loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased CIFLE in older Chinese adults. Policy makers and the public must be informed that early identification and management of loneliness and social isolation, especially when coexisting, are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsang Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyi Wu
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute for Poverty Reduction and Development, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Genova HM, Chen MH, Botticello A, Voelbel G, Kim G, Elsayed HE, Myszko Z, DeLuca J, McGrath RE, Arnett P, Goverover Y. An Examination of Positive and Negative Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7706205090. [PMID: 38015490 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study provides information to clinicians about how persons with MS coped in both positive and negative ways during a potentially traumatic experience (the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), which will help clinicians to provide better services to this population in the face of stressful events. OBJECTIVE To describe both positive and negative outcomes among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to examine whether resilience and social support were related to positive and negative outcomes during the peak of the pandemic. DESIGN An online survey administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 74 individuals with MS and 104 healthy controls (HCs) recruited through social media and community support groups. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The survey included questionnaires that assessed both positive and negative responses to the pandemic, including benefit finding, loneliness, and distress. Resilience and social support were also assessed. RESULTS Differences were noted between persons with MS and HCs on negative but not positive outcomes. Better social support and resilience were related to positive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Both persons with MS and HCs were similar in benefit finding and stress management. However, negative outcomes were worse in the MS group. Our findings shed light on the importance of individuals with MS adopting a positive outlook to help during times of adversity. What This Article Adds: Among persons with disabilities such as multiple sclerosis, finding benefits during stressful times can be a potential coping mechanism. Furthermore, resilience and social support should be taken into account to moderate the effects of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Genova
- Helen M. Genova, PhD, is Associate Director, Center for Autism Research, and Director, Social Cognition and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark
| | - Michelle H Chen
- Michelle H. Chen, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Amanda Botticello
- Amanda Botticello, PhD, MPH, is Associate Director, Centers for Outcomes & Assessment Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Vice Chair of Research Education, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark
| | - Gerald Voelbel
- Gerald Voelbel, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York
| | - Grace Kim
- Grace Kim, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Heba E. Elsayed, MD, is Associate Research Scientist, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Zuzanna Myszko
- Zuzanna Myszko, BA, is Doctoral Student, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ
| | - John DeLuca
- John DeLuca, PhD, is Senior Vice President for Research and Training, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark
| | - Robert E McGrath
- Robert E. McGrath, PhD, is Professor, Psychology Department, School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ
| | - Peter Arnett
- Peter Arnett, PhD, is Professor, Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Yael Goverover
- Yael Goverover, PhD, is Visiting Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, and Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York;
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14
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Zhou X, Yang F, Gao Y. A meta-analysis of the association between loneliness and all-cause mortality in older adults. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115430. [PMID: 37647699 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established association between loneliness and all-cause mortality in older adults, it remains unknown whether this association holds for older adults of different sex and whether it is influenced by different samples and study characteristics. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to examine moderators of the association between loneliness and all-cause mortality in older adults. To this end, relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang databases (inception to May 2023) and was processed in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 software. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity and further explore potential moderators. Funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's linear regression test were used to examine the publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the results. Thirty-six studies involving 128,927 older adults were included in this meta-analysis. In general, loneliness was related to an increase in all-cause mortality in older adults (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.06-1.12, I2 = 63.31%, p < 0.001). The overall effect size for older men was 1.18 (95% CI = 1.04-1.33, p = 0.010). The association between loneliness and all-cause mortality was found to be significantly influenced by the source country of the data, follow-up length, and covariates for chronic disease as moderators. In conclusion, loneliness among older adults deserves more attention, and services are needed to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yourong Gao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
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15
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Lee S, Small BJ, Cawthon PM, Stone KL, Almeida DM. Social activity diversity as a lifestyle factor to alleviate loneliness and chronic pain. J Psychosom Res 2023; 172:111434. [PMID: 37422980 PMCID: PMC10528390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether social activity diversity, a novel concept indicating an active social lifestyle, is associated with lower subsequent loneliness, and decreased loneliness is further associated with less chronic pain over time. METHODS 2528 adults from the Midlife in the United States Study (Mage = 54 yrs) provided data at baseline (2004-2009) and 9 years later. Social activity diversity was operationalized by Shannon's entropy that captures the variety and evenness of engagement across 13 social activities (0-1). Participants reported feelings of loneliness (1-5), presence of any chronic pain (yes/no), the degree of chronic pain-related interference (0-10), and the number of chronic pain locations. Indirect associations of social activity diversity with chronic pain through loneliness were evaluated, adjusting for sociodemographics, living alone, and chronic conditions. RESULTS Higher social activity diversity at baseline (B = -0.21, 95%CI = [-0.41, -0.02]) and an increase in social activity diversity over time (B = -0.24, 95%CI = [-0.42, -0.06]) were associated with lower loneliness 9 years later. An increase in loneliness was associated with 24% higher risk of any chronic pain (95%CI = [1.11, 1.38]), greater chronic pain-related interference (B = 0.36, 95%CI = [0.14, 0.58]), and 17% increase in the number of chronic pain locations (95%CI = [1.10, 1.25]) at the follow-up, after controlling for corresponding chronic pain at baseline and covariates. Social activity diversity was not directly was associated with chronic pain, but there were indirect associations through its association with loneliness. CONCLUSION Diversity in social life may be associated with decreased loneliness, which in turn, may be associated with less chronic pain, two of the prevalent concerns in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Katie L Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
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16
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Wang F, Gao Y, Han Z, Yu Y, Long Z, Jiang X, Wu Y, Pei B, Cao Y, Ye J, Wang M, Zhao Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1307-1319. [PMID: 37337095 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The associations between social isolation, loneliness and the risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are controversial. We systematically reviewed prospective studies on the association between social isolation, loneliness and mortality outcomes in adults aged 18 years or older, as well as studies on these relationships in individuals with CVD or cancer, and conducted a meta-analysis. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (reg. no. CRD42022299959). A total of 90 prospective cohort studies including 2,205,199 individuals were included. Here we show that, in the general population, both social isolation and loneliness were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled effect size for social isolation, 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26 to 1.39; P < 0.001; pooled effect size for loneliness, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20; P < 0.001) and cancer mortality (pooled effect size for social isolation, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.28; P < 0.001; pooled effect size for loneliness, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.17; P = 0.030). Social isolation also increased the risk of CVD mortality (1.34; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.44; P < 0.001). There was an increased risk of all-cause mortality in socially isolated individuals with CVD (1.28; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.48; P = 0.001) or breast cancer (1.51; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.70; P < 0.001), and individuals with breast cancer had a higher cancer-specific mortality owing to social isolation (1.33; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.75; P = 0.038). Greater focus on social isolation and loneliness may help improve people's well-being and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xianchen Jiang
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Maoqing Wang
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.
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17
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Krier D, de Boer B, Hiligsmann M, Wittwer J, Amieva H. Evaluation of Dementia-Friendly Initiatives, Small-Scale Homelike Residential Care, and Dementia Village Models: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1020-1027.e1. [PMID: 37121264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous initiatives are emerging to improve the care management of persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease or related disorders (ADRD). The aim of this review is to identify research evaluations of initiatives in long-term care facilities and those making society more inclusive. DESIGN Scoping review with systematic search of PubMed. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Reviewed articles focused on the impact of (1) dementia-friendly initiatives (DFIs), (2) small-scale homelike (SSHL) facilities, and (3) dementia/Alzheimer villages. The intervention targets people (or their carers) with dementia or cognitive impairment. METHODS A scoping review was performed on PubMed, including papers published up to November 2022. Further hand-searching from reference lists and the gray literature was carried out. RESULTS A total of 477 articles were identified initially, and finally 12 more specifically related to the impact of DFI (n = 4) and SSHL facilities (n = 8) were selected. They included preliminary effectiveness analyses on DFI-related training and awareness intervention and comparative studies on an SSHL model. Scarce but promising results were found on the physical functioning, social participation, and quality of life for older adults living in SSHL facilities compared to those living in conventional nursing homes. No quantitative evaluation on dementia villages was published. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The article highlights the lack of studies providing data on the efficacy of such innovative facilities on clinical, economic, and social outcomes. Such data are essential to better characterize these models and assess their potential efficiency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Krier
- Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.
| | - Bram de Boer
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mickaël Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Wittwer
- Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
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Forward C, Khan HTA, Fox P. The experience of living alone as an older woman in the UK during the Covid pandemic: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 36739409 PMCID: PMC9898705 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-14988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES More people are living alone across the life course: in later life this can have implications for practical and psychosocial support. The Covid pandemic emphasised the importance of this when the UK government restricted movement outside of households to limit the spread of disease. This had important ramifications regarding social contact and practical support. The objectives of this study were to explore the experience of older women living alone during this time, with a focus on health and wellbeing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study used an Interpretative Phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with seven women (aged 65 +), living alone in the UK. Interviews were carried out between May and October 2020. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. RESULTS Findings show that life course events shaped how living alone was experienced in later life. Convergences and divergences in lived experience were identified. Three superordinate themes emerged from the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Productivity, Ownership, and Interconnectedness. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings highlight the importance of life course events in shaping the experience of later life. They also provide a better understanding of the lived experience of living alone as an older woman, increasing knowledge of this group and how living alone can affect health and wellbeing. Implications for research and practice are discussed, such as the importance of recognising the specific support needs for this group in later life, and the need for further knowledge about groups whose needs are not met by standard practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cat Forward
- The College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, TW8 9GA, UK. .,Present address: NIHR Health and Social Care Work Research Unit, The Policy Institute, King's College London, Virginia Woolf Building, 22 Kingsway, Strand, London, WC2B 6NR, UK.
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- grid.81800.310000 0001 2185 7124Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, TW8 9GA UK
| | - Pauline Fox
- grid.81800.310000 0001 2185 7124The Graduate Centre, University of West London, London, W5 5RF UK
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19
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Fan Y, Ho MHR, Shen BJ. Loneliness predicts physical and mental health-related quality of life over 9 months among patients with coronary heart disease. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:152-171. [PMID: 36184794 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether loneliness would predict physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over 9 months and examined whether medical adherence would mediate their associations in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The overall design is a three-wave longitudinal study. A sample of 255 outpatients with CHD was recruited from a community-based cardiac rehabilitation programme. Participants, with a mean age of 63 years, completed measures assessing loneliness, depression and physical and mental HRQoL at baseline. Medical adherence was assessed at 3 months, and physical and mental HRQoL were reassessed at 9 months. A total of 88% of participants reported moderate or high loneliness. Baseline loneliness predicted physical and mental HRQoL at 9 months after adjusting for baseline physical and mental HRQoL, respectively. The effects remained significant when depression was also adjusted. Medical adherence at 3 months partially mediated the associations of baseline loneliness with 9-month physical and mental HRQoL. Findings underline the necessity of assessing loneliness for CHD patients to promote long-term medical adherence and further improve physical and mental HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunge Fan
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Moon-Ho Ringo Ho
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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20
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Li J, Zhou X, Wang Q. Interventions to reduce loneliness among Chinese older adults: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:238-258. [PMID: 35621111 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analytic study investigates the effectiveness of different interventions in alleviating loneliness among Chinese older adults aged 50 years and above. We searched eight English databases, four Chinese databases, and grey literature. Thirty-four studies, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 30 quasi-experimental studies, were eventually included in the meta-analysis (n = 3843). Quality appraisal indicated risks of bias in the included studies. The pooled effect size was large and significant (Hedge's g = 0.84, 95% CI [0.54, 1.15]), indicating the effectiveness of interventions in reducing loneliness. However, the effect size may be overestimated due to publication bias. Moderation analyses showed significant differences in effect sizes by study designs and regions of studies. Network meta-analysis (NMA) indicated that hybrid and psychological interventions appeared to be advantageous over others. In addition, group-based delivery modes can add extra benefits to the interventions. This study adds to the knowledge of the effectiveness of current interventions in reducing Chinese older people's loneliness. However, the findings need to be interpreted with caution due to the relatively low study quality, considerable heterogeneity, and publication bias. Despite the limitations, this study offers valuable insights for future research, practice, and policy-making in reducing older people's loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Philosophy, Law & Political Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zheng X, Zhang K, Ma J. The Longitudinal Relationship between Frailty, Loneliness and Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1212-1218. [PMID: 38151872 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies had reported that frailty and loneliness were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of present study was to evaluate the combined effect of frailty and loneliness on the risk of CVD. METHODS A total of 9,674 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the associations between frailty, loneliness and new-onset CVD, stroke and cardiac events. RESULTS During the 7-year follow-up, a total of 1,758 respondents experienced CVD (including 584 stroke and 1,324 cardiac events). Compared to those without loneliness or frailty, individuals with loneliness alone, or with frailty alone, or with both loneliness and frailty were significantly associated with increased risk of CVD, with corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 1.21(1.07-1.37), 1.57(1.32-1.86) and 1.78(1.52-2.10), respectively. Similarly, participants with loneliness alone, or with frailty alone, or with both loneliness and frailty were associated with higher risk of cardiac events. The significant associations were consistent in age subgroups (participants aged less or more than 60 years). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that there was a combined effect of effect of frailty and loneliness on the risk of CVD, stroke and cardiac events. These findings highlighted the importance of identifying loneliness and frailty, and intervening much earlier both in older and younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Jiawei Ma, MD, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. E-mail:
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Jiang Y, Li M, Chung T. Living alone and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults: The moderating role of perceived neighborhood cohesion. Soc Sci Med 2023; 317:115568. [PMID: 36442301 PMCID: PMC9839549 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The adverse effect of living alone on health has been well-documented in community-dwelling older adults. A less understood topic in this research area is whether some neighborhood characteristics may mitigate the negative impact of living alone on health outcomes and mortality. This study aimed to extend the existing work on living arrangements and health by examining the potential interactive effect of living alone and perceived neighborhood cohesion on all-cause mortality among older Chinese Americans. METHODS Data were drawn from 3154 (58.0% female) participants from a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling US older Chinese adults aged 60 and older in the greater Chicago area. Living arrangements and perceived neighborhood cohesion were assessed at baseline from 2011 to 2013. Mortality status was tracked through December 2021. Covariates, including sociodemographic characteristics, health and behavioral covariates, loneliness, depression, and social engagement, were assessed at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to test our hypotheses. RESULTS Living alone was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among participants reporting low levels of perceived neighborhood cohesion but not among those reporting high levels of perceived neighborhood cohesion. This protective effect of perceived neighborhood cohesion was robust to the inclusion of covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that strong perceived neighborhood cohesion may protect against the increased risk of premature mortality associated with living alone in community-dwelling older Chinese Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Social Security, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tammy Chung
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Liu K, Peng W, Ge S, Li C, Zheng Y, Huang X, Liu M. Longitudinal associations of concurrent falls and fear of falling with functional limitations differ by living alone or not. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1007563. [PMID: 37124793 PMCID: PMC10131081 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1007563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Falls and fear of falling (FOF) are independent risk factors for functional limitations in older adults. However, the combined effect of falls and FOF on functional limitations and the moderating role of living alone or not is unclear. We aimed to examine (1) the independent and combined effect of falls and FOF on functional limitations in older adults and (2) whether living alone moderates these associations. Methods We used data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and included 5,950 U.S. community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older from Round 1 (Year 2011) and Round 2 (Year 2012). Falls and FOF were ascertained by asking participants whether they had any falls in the last year and whether they had worried about falling in the previous month at R1. Assessed functional limitations included any difficulties with mobility, self-care, or household activities at R2. Poisson regression models were used to examine the longitudinal associations of falls and FOF with functional limitations and the moderation effects of baseline living alone. Results Of the 5,950 participants, 16.3% had falls only; 14.3% had FOF only; 14.3% had both, and 55.1% had neither at baseline. In the adjusted model, those who experienced concurrent falls and FOF in R1 had a higher risk of functional limitations at R2 than those with neither (Mobility: Incidence risk ratio [IRR] = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24-1.45; Self-care: IRR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26; Household: IRR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11-1.30). Moreover, living alone significantly moderated the longitudinal associations of concurrent falls and FOF with mobility activity limitations. Conclusion The findings suggest that strategies to improve falls and FOF together could potentially help prevent functional limitations. Older adults who live with others and have falls or FOF should receive interventions to promote their mobility activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Liu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenting Peng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Ge
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Minhui Liu ; @MinhuiLiu2
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A Systematic Literature Review of Loneliness in Community Dwelling Older Adults. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on loneliness is extensive. This paper presents a systematic review of intervention studies, outlining the antecedents to, and consequences of loneliness in community-dwelling older people. Using PRISMA methodology, a systematic literature review was conducted between January and August 2021 resulting in 49 useable articles. Papers were included if they: (a) investigated older people (+50); (b) were living in community dwellings; (c) had been published in English; (d) had titles or abstracts available and, (e) were published between 2016 and 2021. This study found the antecedents and consequences of social, emotional and existential loneliness differ, however, the vast majority of research has not examined the unique types of loneliness and instead kept loneliness as a generic term, despite the acceptance that various types of loneliness exist. In addition, the findings of intervention studies identified through this review have yielded mixed results. Those interventions focused on improving personal and psycho-social resources for older people fared better outcomes than those focused on technological and social connections alone. This paper reports important implications for the future of research conducted on loneliness and interventions accordingly.
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Schutter N, Holwerda TJ, Comijs HC, Stek ML, Peen J, Dekker JJM. Loneliness, social network size and mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:1057-1076. [PMID: 36692789 PMCID: PMC9685120 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-022-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social network size have been found to be predictors of mortality in older adults. The objective of this study was to investigate whether loneliness and small social network size are associated with an increased mortality risk and to review the evidence for either network size, or loneliness that constitutes the higher mortality risk. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and PsychInfo in January/February 2018 and March/April 2021. Studies that mentioned outcome data were included in the meta-analysis and coded using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for Cohort Studies. The meta-analysis showed that both loneliness and small social network size are associated with mortality risk in older adults (Hazard Ratio 1.10 (95% Confidence Interval 1.06-1.14) for loneliness and 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval 0.93-0.99) for larger network size). Sensitivity analyses according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale yielded varying results. Heterogeneity was large. In conclusion, both loneliness and small social network size in older adults are associated with increased mortality, although the effect size is small. Targeting subjective and objective aspects of older adults' social contacts should be on the agenda of preventive as well as personalized medicine. In order to be able to compare the association between loneliness and network size and mortality, more studies are needed that include both these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Schutter
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Arkin Mental Health Care, Nieuwe Kerkstraat 156, 1018 VM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalling J. Holwerda
- Department of Psychiatry, Arkin Mental Health Care, Roetersstraat 210, 1018 WE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie C. Comijs
- GGZ InGeest/Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max L. Stek
- GGZ InGeest/Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Peen
- Department of Clinical Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack J. M. Dekker
- Department of Clinical Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhao Y, Guyatt G, Gao Y, Hao Q, Abdullah R, Basmaji J, Foroutan F. Living alone and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101677. [PMID: 36204005 PMCID: PMC9530481 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-causal and causal associations, possible age and sex differences between living alone and all-cause mortality among adults were unclear. We aimed to assess the association and causal relation between living alone and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling adults, addressing the certainty of evidence, possible age and sex differences. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and APA PsycINFO for cohort studies examining the association between living alone and all-cause mortality on November 19, 2021. We used the GRADE approach to assess certainty of evidence, and the Instrument for the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) to evaluate credibility of subgroup inferences and conducted a meta-analysis of measures of association between living alone and mortality. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021290895. Findings 18 cohort studies with 62,174 adults proved eligible. Living alone was associated with mortality (relative risk (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.23). Both age and sex modified the association (high and moderate credibility, separately). Living alone increased the risk of dying only in younger but not older individuals (ratio of RRs = 1.59, interaction P = 0.003; younger RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.71, high certainty for prognosis, low for causation; older RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.91-1.22, moderate certainty for prognosis, very low for causation). Living alone increased risk to a greater extent in males than females (ratio of RRs = 1.39, 95% CI 1.14-1.70; interaction P = 0.001, males RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.71, high certainty for prognosis, low for causation; females RR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.99-1.33; moderate for prognosis factor, very low for causation). Interpretation Living alone is associated with increased mortality in individuals under 65 years (high certainty) but not with those over 75 years; the association may be causal (low certainty). Associations, and possibly effects, may be stronger in men than women. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhao
- The Centre of Gerontology and Geriatrics (National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Centre of Gerontology and Geriatrics (National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John Basmaji
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kwan C, Tam HC. "What If I Die and No One Notices?" A Qualitative Study Exploring How Living Alone and in Poverty Impacts the Health and Well-Being of Older People in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15856. [PMID: 36497930 PMCID: PMC9739217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing number of older people who live alone and in poverty, the intersection of these two social risk factors and the impacts on older adults' health and well-being have not been widely examined. This qualitative study explores the challenges and strengths of 47 older people who live alone and in poverty in Hong Kong. Thematic analysis was used to identify eight themes related to challenges: (i) social isolation and loneliness, (ii) self-esteem and self-efficacy, (iii) declining mobility, health and activity levels, (iv) high medical expenses, (v) age discrimination and long wait times for medical health services, (vi) age discrimination, retirement, and wanting part-time employment, (vii) not enough gender-specific social participation activities, and (viii) housing insecurity. Four themes related to strengths were identified: (i) An "I have enough" mindset, (ii) strong formal social support, (iii) contributing to the community and others, and (v) "Most of us like to be alone." Successfully addressing poverty in old age and tackling the challenges associated with living alone will require focusing on and activating not only external and systemic resources but also the intrinsic capacities and strengths of older adults themselves. Five discussion points are raised addressing the implications for future gerontological research and practice.
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Chen TY, Geng JH, Chen SC, Lee JI. Living alone is associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a population-based cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1054615. [PMID: 36466461 PMCID: PMC9714444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1054615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Living alone has been linked to poor mental health, however large-scale epidemiological studies on the association between living alone and psychiatric morbidity including depression and anxiety are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue in a large Taiwanese cohort. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 121,601 volunteers from 29 community recruitment stations in Taiwan and divided them into two groups based on whether or not they lived alone. Psychiatric morbidity was defined as a Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item score ≥ 3, Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item score ≥ 3, or self-reported depression. Logistic regression was used to explore the associations between living alone and psychiatric morbidity. Results The participants who lived alone had a higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.608, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.473 to 1.755] after adjusting for potential confounders. In a subgroup analysis, married subjects who lived alone and divorce/separation (OR = 2.013, 95% CI = 1.763 to 2.299) or widowing (OR = 1.750, 95% CI = 1.373 to 2.229) were more likely to have psychiatric morbidity than those who were married and not living alone. Conclusions Our findings suggest that living alone is a risk factor for psychiatric morbidity, especially for married subjects who live alone in concordance with divorce, separation, or the death of a spouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yu Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-In Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Jia-In Lee
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Loneliness and diurnal cortisol levels during COVID-19 lockdown: the roles of living situation, relationship status and relationship quality. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15076. [PMID: 36064567 PMCID: PMC9443629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation have become increasing concerns during COVID-19 lockdown through neuroendocrine stress-reactions, physical and mental health problems. We investigated living situation, relationship status and quality as potential moderators for trait and state loneliness and salivary cortisol levels (hormonal stress-responses) in healthy adults during the first lockdown in Germany. N = 1242 participants (mean age = 36.32, 78% female) filled out an online questionnaire on demographics, trait loneliness and relationship quality. Next, N = 247 (mean age = 32.6, 70% female) completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA), collecting twelve saliva samples on 2 days and simultaneously reporting their momentary loneliness levels. Divorced/widowed showed highest trait loneliness, followed by singles and partnerships. The latter displayed lower momentary loneliness and cortisol levels compared to singles. Relationship satisfaction significantly reduced loneliness levels in participants with a partner and those who were living apart from their partner reported loneliness levels similar to singles living alone. Living alone was associated with higher loneliness levels. Hierarchical linear models revealed a significant cross-level interaction between relationship status and momentary loneliness in predicting cortisol. The results imply that widowhood, being single, living alone and low relationship quality represent risk factors for loneliness and having a partner buffers neuroendocrine stress responses during lockdown.
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Chu BL, Zhang W. Impact of transient and chronic loneliness on progression and reversion of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: four-year follow-up. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:642. [PMID: 35927717 PMCID: PMC9351253 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is a common condition in older adults that is characterized by transitions between frailty states in both directions (progression and reversion) over time. Loneliness has been reported to be associated with the incidence of frailty, but few studies have explored the impact of persistent loneliness over time on frailty. In this study, we aimed to whether and how two different types of loneliness, transient and chronic, were associated with changes in frailty status in older adults. Methods The analytic sample contained 2961 adults aged ≥ 60 years who completed interviews for both the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between transient and chronic loneliness and progression and reversion of frailty. Demographics (age, sex, education level, marital status, urban–rural residence), living alone, chronic conditions, physical function, and depressive symptoms from the 2011 wave were adjusted. Results After four years, 21% of the studied sample reported progression, 20% reported reversion in frailty, 31% reported transient loneliness, and 14% reported chronic loneliness. There was no significant difference in participants who reported transient loneliness (OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.89,1.37]), or chronic loneliness (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [0.84,1.57]) on the progression of frailty, compared with no report of loneliness. Participants reporting chronic loneliness (OR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.50,0.93]) were less likely to report reversion in their level of frailty compared to participants who did not report loneliness but not transient loneliness (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.70,1.08]). Conclusions Roughly the same percentage, a fifth, of older Chinese adults progressed or reversed in frailty status without active intervention. Chronic loneliness was related to a lower probability of reversion in the frail group than in the no loneliness group, but not in the transient loneliness group. More attention should be given to older adults with chronic loneliness.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03283-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Lin Chu
- School of Nursing, Anqing Medical College, Anqing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Sendra M, Amieva H, Retuerto N, Meillon C, Bergua V, Ouvrard C, Pérès K, Rascle N, Koleck M. Psychometric properties of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ), a new measure of perceived social support among older adults. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35894789 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on literature and available questionnaires, the present study aimed at creating and validating the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ): a 4-item scale assessing the perceived social support in older adults. Normative scores were also computed. METHODS Three hundred and two participants (mean age 87.68) selected from ongoing population-based studies completed a phone interview. Among these, 247 completed a second interview 4 months later allowing assessing the questionnaire fidelity over time. RESULTS The factor analysis evidenced two dimensions: availability of social support and satisfaction with it. Both dimensions had a satisfactory internal consistency but weak intraclass correlation coefficient. Univariate analyses revealed that age, number of calls per week and living environment marginally associated with the availability score. The satisfaction score was associated with perceived health status, sadness, depressive mood, feeling of loneliness, anxiety, and the perception of social support during the pandemic context. The norms computed were stratified on age. CONCLUSIONS The PSSQ is a short and easy-to-administer tool allowing assessing perceived social support in older population. Despite a weak fidelity that could actually be explained by changes in perceived social support over time, the questionnaire revealed good psychometric qualities and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sendra
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Noelia Retuerto
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Meillon
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Bergua
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Ouvrard
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Pérès
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicole Rascle
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michèle Koleck
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Yu B, Steptoe A, Chen Y. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study of 35,254 Chinese older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:1717-1725. [PMID: 35229887 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies of social isolation, loneliness and associations with all-cause mortality in older adults have been conducted in non-Western countries. The aim of this study was to conduct such an analysis in a nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults. METHODS This study used eight waves of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018 and focused on participants aged ≥60 years. A total of 21,570 people died (61.2%) over a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Social isolation, loneliness, demographic, health and lifestyle factors were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations of isolation and loneliness with all-cause mortality. RESULTS This study included 35,254 participants with mean age of 86.63 ± 11.39 years. Social isolation was significantly associated with an increased mortality (adjusted HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.18-1.25; p < 0.01). The association of loneliness with mortality was nonsignificant after adjustment for health indicators and low psychological well-being (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98-1.04; p = 0.69). However, when stratified by age, there was a significant association of loneliness with mortality among participants aged <80 years (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05-1.26; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Social isolation was associated with an increased all-cause mortality among the older Chinese adults. However, loneliness was associated with an increased mortality only among younger participants. Public health interventions aimed at increasing social connectedness may potentially reduce excess mortality among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Pech M, Gbessemehlan A, Dupuy L, Sauzéon H, Lafitte S, Bachelet P, Amieva H, Pérès K. Experimentation of the SoBeezy program in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: what lessons have we learned? (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e39185. [DOI: 10.2196/39185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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COVID-19 and the Elderly's Mental Illness: The Role of Risk Perception, Social Isolation, Loneliness and Ageism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084513. [PMID: 35457381 PMCID: PMC9028465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For almost two years, populations around the globe faced precariousness and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults were highly affected by the virus, and the policies meant to protect them have often resulted in ageist stereotypes and discrimination. For example, the public discourse around older adults had a paternalistic tone framing all older adults as “vulnerable”. This study aimed to measure the extent to which perceived age discrimination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the sense of loneliness and social isolation, fear and perception of COVID-19 risks, had a negative effect on older adults’ mental illness. To do so, a self-report questionnaire was administered to 1301 participants (average age: 77.25 years old, SD = 5.46; 56.10% females, 43.90% males). Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed, along with structural equation modelling. Results showed that perceived age discrimination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic positively predicts loneliness and also indirectly predicts mental illness. In addition, loneliness is the strongest predictor of mental illness together with fear of COVID-19 and social isolation. Such results highlight the importance of implementing public policies and discourses that are non-discriminating, and that favour the inclusion of older people.
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Wiebe ER, Kelly M, Spiegel L, Menard JF, Hawse E, Dickinson R. Are unmet needs driving requests for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD)? A qualitative study of Canadian MAiD providers. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:204-210. [PMID: 35244527 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2042754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 20 medical assistance in dying (MAiD) providers were interviewed about their experience when assessing patients with unmet needs, including medical, financial or social needs. Collectively they had experience with over 3700 MAiD assessments and found that unmet needs were rare. In the cases where patients had unmet needs, these were usually related to loneliness and poverty. This led to the ethical dilemma of providers deciding to honor their wishes for MAiD, knowing that some of their suffering was due to society's failure to provide for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R Wiebe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michaela Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Emily Hawse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Wei K, Liu Y, Yang J, Gu N, Cao X, Zhao X, Jiang L, Li C. Living arrangement modifies the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes in older adults: evidence from the CLHLS. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:59. [PMID: 35038986 PMCID: PMC8764854 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although it has been suggested that loneliness is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, living arrangement may confound the association. This study aimed to investigate whether the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes differ in community-dwelling older adults according to different living arrangements. Methods In the 2008/2009 wave of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 13,738 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were included for analyses. Living arrangements and loneliness were assessed. Health outcomes including cognitive and physical functions were assessed using MMSE, ADL/IADL scales and Frailty Index in the 2008/2009 and 2011/2012 waves; mortality was assessed in the 3-year follow-up from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012. The effect modificaitons of loneliness on adverse health outcomes by living arrangements were estimated using logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Living alone older adults were significantly more likely to be lonely at baseline (52% vs 29.5%, OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.67–2.16, P < 0.001), compared with those living with others. Loneliness in older adults was a significant risk factor for prevalent cognitive impairment and frailty, and 3-year mortality, especially among those who lived with others (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15–1.52, P < 0.001; OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.24–1.57, P < 0.001; HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05–1.24, P = 0.002, respectively). In contrast, among the living alone older adults, loneliness was only significantly associated with higher prevalence of frailty (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.07–1.90, P = 0.017). Living arrangement significantly modified the associations of loneliness with prevalent cognitive impairment and 3-year mortality (P values for interaction = 0.005 and 0.026, respectively). Conclusions Living arrangement modifies the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults, and those who lived with others but felt lonely had worse cognitive and physical functions as well as higher mortality. Special attention should be paid to this population and more social services should be developed to reduce adverse health outcomes, in order to improve their quality of life and promote successful aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02742-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Relationship between Eating Alone and Poor Appetite Using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020337. [PMID: 35057518 PMCID: PMC8779964 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One prominent factor associated with malnutrition is poor appetite. In Japan, the number of older adults living alone has increased annually. Those living alone tended to eat alone, which may lead to poor appetite. This study aimed to investigate the association between eating alone and poor appetite using an index called the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). We surveyed 818 people aged 70 and over in Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016. Comparisons were made between two groups, a poor appetite group (n = 295) and a good appetite group (n = 523), and results indicate that the poor appetite group had a higher rate of eating alone than the good appetite group (38.0% vs. 20. 1%: p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression (OR; 95%CI) was performed and poor appetite was significantly associated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score (1.707; 1.200–2.427), the number of medications (1.061; 1.007–1.118), JST score (0.894; 0.841–0.950), the indication of “very healthy” on a self-rated health scale (0.343; 0.152–0.774), and reports of eating alone (1.751; 1.130–2.712). Our results suggest that eating alone is associated with a poor appetite.
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Hata T, Seino S, Yokoyama Y, Narita M, Nishi M, Hida A, Shinkai S, Kitamura A, Fujiwara Y. Interaction of Eating Status and Dietary Variety on Incident Functional Disability among Older Japanese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:698-705. [PMID: 35842760 PMCID: PMC9209632 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether eating status and dietary variety were associated with functional disability during a 5-year follow-up analysis of older adults living in a Japanese metropolitan area. DESIGN A 5-year follow-up study. SETTING Ota City, Tokyo, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10,308 community-dwelling non-disabled adults aged 65-84 years. MEASUREMENTS Eating status was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary variety was assessed using the dietary variety score (DVS). Based on the responses, participants were classified according to eating alone or together and DVS categories (low: 0-3; high: 4-10). Functional disability incidence was prospectively identified using the long-term care insurance system's nationally unified database. Multilevel survival analyses calculated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident functional disability. RESULTS During a 5-year follow-up, 1,991 (19.3%) individuals had functional disabilities. Eating status or DVS were not independently associated with incident functional disability. However, interaction terms between eating status and DVS were associated with functional disability; HR (95% CI) for eating together and low DVS was 1.00 (0.90-1.11), eating alone and high DVS was 0.95 (0.77-1.17), and eating alone and low DVS was 1.20 (1.02-1.42), compared to those with eating together and high DVS. CONCLUSION Older adults should avoid eating alone or increase dietary variety to prevent functional disability. This can be ensured by providing an environment of eating together or food provision services for eating a variety of foods in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hata
- Yoshinori Fujiwara, MD, PhD., Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, E-mail: , Phone: +81 (3) 3964-3241 ext. 4257, Fax: +81 (3) 3579-4776
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Dartigues JF, Le Bourdonnec K, Tabue-Teguo M, Le Goff M, Helmer C, Avila-Funes JA, Coureau G, Feart C, Pérès K, Genuer R, Letenneur L, Amieva H, Proust-Lima C. Co-Occurrence of Geriatric Syndromes and Diseases in the General Population: Assessment of the Dimensions of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:37-45. [PMID: 35067701 PMCID: PMC8720645 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The co-occurrence of multiple medical or psycho-social conditions (geriatric syndromes (GS) and age-related diseases) is a growing concern in older people. Given the diversity of these conditions and their complex interactions, our aim was to determine whether they could be structured into synthetic dimensions in order to facilitate the management of multimorbidity. DESIGN The underlying structure of 10 GSs and 8 age-related diseases was identified using a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and confronted to subjective and objective health outcomes. SETTING community residents from Bordeaux City (France) older than 75 years in 2010. PARTICIPANTS 630 adults aged 75+ years who lived in Bordeaux and participated in the 10-year follow-up of the Three-City study. MEASUREMENTS GSs included physical frailty, cognitive impairment and dementia, dependency, depressive symptoms, polymedication, thinness, falls, sensory deficit, social isolation, incontinence. Age-related diseases were cancer, cardiac diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary diseases, osteoporosis, other chronic diseases. Association of the MCA-derived independent dimensions was assessed with 10-year visit subjective health and well-being, and with incident death and entry into institution during the remaining cohort follow-up. RESULTS Most of the participants (82%) had at least two age-related syndromes or diseases. The MCA structured the 18 conditions into three major dimensions: Degradation (D) driven by GS, Vascular (V), and Psychosocial (P) representing 68.7%, 7.4%, and 5.7% of the total variance, respectively. Dimension D was a strong predictor of future death and institutionalization. Dimensions D and P were strongly associated with current well-being. CONCLUSIONS This work confirmed that multimorbidity is very common among older adults, and demonstrated the essential role of GS as manifestations of aging, even more than age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Dartigues
- Cécile Proust-Lima, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France,
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Hirakawa Y, Aita K, Nishikawa M, Arai H, Miura H. Contemporary Issues and Practicalities in Completing Advance Care Planning for Patients With Severe COPD Living Alone: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2022; 18:80-95. [PMID: 34605374 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1976353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Health care professionals working with older people living alone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to complete advance care planning (ACP) often encounter the double burden of social isolation and acute exacerbations in this planning. The study explored clinicians' perceptions regarding factors influencing the completion of ACP for older people with COPD living alone. Individual interviews were conducted with 18 health care professionals using the video meeting platform in 2020. A semi-structured interview guide included: (a) behavior and lifestyle related to decision-making, (b) desired place to die, and (c) facilitators and barriers to autonomy in patients with severe COPD who live alone. Five main themes were identified: information sharing among team members, patient readiness, desired place of death, economic constraints, and care at the time of and after death. Partly due to the heterogeneity and complexity of clinical courses and treatment responses of COPD, a wide range of social issues of a person's life were related to practicality in the completion of ACP for older people with COPD living alone. Social work knowledge and skills such as in-depth interviewing, outreach finance and welfare support, and holistic perspective play an essential role in completing ACP for COPD patients living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Aita
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Miura
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Sandu S, Sreedhar S, Chang L, Cohen L, Cruz A, Olson HR, Sreedhar R, Gomez K, Carrion A. 21st Century Good Neighbor Program: An Easily Generalizable Program to Reduce Social Isolation in Older Adults. Front Public Health 2021; 9:766706. [PMID: 34988049 PMCID: PMC8721124 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.766706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this once-in-a-lifetime humanitarian crisis, what does it mean to be a good neighbor? It means that as a community, we must address loneliness and barriers to care faced by vulnerable populations such as older adults. We share an inexpensive longitudinal experiential service-learning program implemented by health professions and undergraduate student volunteers that aims to help alleviate loneliness in older adults while imparting meaningful experiences to volunteers. Intervention Design and Setting: The 21st Century Good Neighbor Program is an observational cohort study of an experiential service-learning program started in May 2020, and this article shares the results collected after 1 year. This longitudinal, weekly phone call program was conducted in a single community setting in the Midwestern part of the United States. Older adults over the age of 60 served by a local community service agency (CSA) were invited to participate. Volunteers consisted of students 18 or older. Student volunteers made regular phone calls to a pair of older adults throughout the course of 1 year following standardized call scripts. The loneliness of the older adults was measured by volunteers using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Assessment. Results: 261 older adults were engaged in conversations with a volunteer. A total of 1,391 calls were accepted by older adults and the median length of a welcomed call was 11 min. The average baseline loneliness score was 4.156 ± 1.41 and the prevalence of social isolation was 19.5%. There was no significant change in the UCLA loneliness score in the first year of follow up. However, a majority of volunteers (88%) agreed or strongly agreed that the program had a positive impact on them. In addition, the program identified 257 issues older adults faced that required follow-up. The most prevalent concerns referred to the community service agency by volunteers were issues related to utilities, food and transportation access. Conclusion: The 21st Century Good Neighbor Program is a unique intervention in which student volunteers and older adults paired by a community service agency forge relationships though a longitudinal phone call-based program. This easy-to-implement program provides another layer of support to identify and refer issues that impact social determinants of health. The added benefit of volunteer satisfaction in the setting of COVID 19 pandemic is heartening. We hope to continue to study the impact of this intervention on social isolation in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Sandu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Siva Sreedhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Linda Chang
| | - Lindsay Cohen
- University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrea Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Heidi R. Olson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Radhika Sreedhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kayeromi Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Latif F, Ahmed SR, Farhan S, Watt F, Azeem MW. Predictors of Psychological Distress in Health Care Staff in Qatar during COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1782-1787. [PMID: 34912395 PMCID: PMC8613030 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.7.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused widespread psychological distress. The aims of the study were a) to assess mental health symptoms experienced by expatriate hospital staff and b) to determine the impact of staff wellbeing interventions specific to pandemic related stress. Methods The study was conducted from June 2020 until August 2020. A 16-question survey was disseminated online via Survey Monkey to assess the mental health needs of hospital staff during the pandemic. Based on results, a virtual, tiered mental health support model was developed, and staff feedback was collected. Results Almost 46.2% of respondents (N: 1001) reported at least one mental health symptom in the initial survey. The most common symptoms were anxiety, low mood and feelings of isolation. Being single and in poor health status were predictors of developing mental health symptoms (P <0.01). Female gender was a predictor for experiencing fear of getting infected. Time constraints at work was the most common reason for not accessing mental health support. Conclusions As in other parts of the world, hospital staff in Qatar experienced mental health symptoms and significant fear related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Being single and in poor health status were risk factors. Mental health interventions at work must take into account time constraints experienced by staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finza Latif
- Finza Latif, MD, DFAACAP. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sawssan R Ahmed
- Sawssan R. Ahmed, PhD. Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sumera Farhan
- Sumera Farhan, MBA. Occupational Health Specialist, Department of Occupational Health, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Felice Watt
- Felice Watt, MBBS. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Waqar Azeem
- Muhammad Waqar Azeem, MD, DFAACAP, DFAPA. Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Associations of Embeddedness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among 9/11 Survivors. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 2:608-620. [PMID: 36417219 PMCID: PMC9620943 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Following exposures to traumatic events on 9/11, survivors have reported heightened levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple factors contribute to both the exacerbation and amelioration of PTSD symptoms, including social integration and support. This cross-sectional study aimed to understand and identify associations of embeddedness and psychosocial risk factors by PTSD status for survivors and first responders of 9/11. Results indicate that those with chronic PTSD had the lowest prevalence of both social and emotional embeddedness and many who reported no PTSD symptoms following 9/11 reported moderate levels of social and emotional embeddedness. Overall, our findings suggest those individuals who reported little to no PTSD also reported the most social/emotional embeddedness; whereas those individuals who report greater or chronic PTSD report the least social/emotional embeddedness. As such, it may be beneficial for clinicians across multiple care disciplines and contexts to consider and address the social lives and needs of those individuals experiencing symptoms of PTSD to ensure their emotional and physical needs are truly being met.
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Schutter N, Holwerda TJ, Comijs HC, Naarding P, Van RHL, Dekker JJM, Stek ML, Rhebergen D. Loneliness, social network size, and mortality in older adults and the role of cortisol. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2246-2254. [PMID: 33147982 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1843001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation have both been found to be associated with increased mortality in previous studies. One potential underlying mechanism is via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between social network size and cortisol, to analyze the associations between both loneliness and social network size and mortality, and to examine to what extent the association between network size and/or loneliness and mortality is mediated by cortisol. DESIGN The study group consisted of 443 depressed and non-depressed participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression in the Elderly (NESDO). Cross-sectional analysis of the association between social network size and cortisol measures was followed by a survival analysis of the associations between both social network size and loneliness and mortality. RESULTS There were no significant associations between social network size and cortisol measures. Loneliness and small social network size were not associated with mortality. Age and partner status were more important predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION As people grow older the variety of factors that influence mortality risk increases, diminishing the effect of a single factor. Prevention of early morbidity and mortality in older adults should be tailored to specific needs and risks, instead of aiming at one specific factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Schutter
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjalling J Holwerda
- Department of Psychiatry, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannie C Comijs
- GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Naarding
- General Psychiatry Residency Training Program, GGNet, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Rien H L Van
- Department of General Psychiatry Residency Training, Netherlands Psychoanalytical Institute, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack J M Dekker
- Department of Clinical Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Arkin Mental Health Care, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max L Stek
- GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Stokes AC, Xie W, Lundberg DJ, Glei DA, Weinstein MA. Loneliness, social isolation, and all-cause mortality in the United States. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 1:100014. [PMID: 36936717 PMCID: PMC10019099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are both established risk factors for mortality, but it remains unclear how these two conditions interact with each other. We used data from 3975 adults aged 25-74 years who completed self-administered questionnaires (SAQs) for the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) National Study Wave 2 (2004-2006). Loneliness was measured by asking participants how often they felt lonely. A shortened version of the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index that captured partnerships, friends/family, religious participation, and other forms of social connection was used to assess social isolation. Follow-up for all-cause mortality was censored at the end of 2016. We used progressively adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to examine the mortality risks of loneliness, social isolation, the components of social isolation, and combinations of loneliness and isolation. We adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics in our first models and then added health behaviors and physical and mental health conditions in subsequent models. In the minimally adjusted model, loneliness was associated with higher mortality risk (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.47), but the association was not significant in the fully adjusted model. Social isolation was significantly associated with mortality in the minimally adjusted model (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.34) and the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23). Having infrequent contact with family or friends was the component of isolation that had the strongest association with mortality. Contrary to prior literature, which has found either no interaction or a synergistic interaction between isolation and loneliness, we identified a significant, negative interaction between the two measures, indicating that loneliness and social isolation may partially substitute for one another as risk factors for mortality. Both are associated with a similar increased risk of mortality relative to those who express neither; we find no evidence that the combined effect is worse than experiencing either by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave. 3rd Floor, 362, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. (A.C. Stokes)
| | - Wubin Xie
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dielle J. Lundberg
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana A. Glei
- Center for Population and Health, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Maxine A. Weinstein
- Center for Population and Health, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C, USA
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46
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Zhang B, Lv X, Qiao M, Liu D. The Full Mediating Role of Loneliness on the Relationship Between Social Support and Depression Among Rural Family Caregivers of Persons With Severe Mental Illness. Front Public Health 2021; 9:729147. [PMID: 34778172 PMCID: PMC8580924 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.729147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Depression is a common and overwhelming psychiatric disorder among family caregivers of persons with severe mental illness (SMI). The interrelationships among social support, loneliness, and depression, especially among this relatively vulnerable group, are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the social support contributes to the alleviation of depression, through its effect on reducing loneliness. Methods: A survey of 256 rural family caregivers of persons with SMI was conducted between December 2017 and May 2018 in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. Social support, loneliness and depression were measured. A series of multiple linear regression models and bootstrapping procedure were performed to examine the mediating effects of loneliness on the association between social support as well as its components and depression. Results: The proportion of family caregivers of persons with SMI who reported significant depressive symptoms was 53.5%. Loneliness fully mediated the negative association between social support and depression. As to three components of social support, subjective support and objective support only had indirect associations with depression mediated by loneliness, while support utilization had both direct and indirect relationships with depression. Conclusion: The current study highlighted that social support and its three components may acted as protective factors by decreasing the feelings of loneliness, which created a beneficial effect on depression among family caregivers of persons with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Lv
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mutian Qiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danping Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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47
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Yu B, Steptoe A, Chen Y, Jia X. Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2414-2421. [PMID: 32338228 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. METHODS This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. RESULTS Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = -0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = -0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = -0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = -0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Kyriazis M, Mikellides G, Pantelidakis H, Polycarpou M, Panayiotou B. COVID-19 Isolation and Risk of Death in Cyprus Elderly People. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:717692. [PMID: 34409055 PMCID: PMC8365165 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.717692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and death in older people. The quarantine and social distancing measures due to Covid-19 imposed in most countries and particularly in Cyprus, aim to isolate individuals from direct contact with others. This has resulted in vulnerable older people being isolated at their places of residence for several months, while the recommendations for continuing lockdowns do not appear to be ending. The risk of death from causes other than those related to Covid-19 increases in such individuals and it is due to the effects of social isolation. We estimate that in the next years, there will be a significant increase in the death numbers of such older people in Cyprus. The health authorities must develop a program of support for these older individuals to include medical, social, physical, and psychological elements. Examples of such support are given here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barnabas Panayiotou
- Postgraduate School of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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49
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Tan TH, Badarch L, Zeng WX, Gochoo M, Alnajjar FS, Hsieh JW. Binary Sensors-Based Privacy-Preserved Activity Recognition of Elderly Living Alone Using an RNN. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165371. [PMID: 34450809 PMCID: PMC8398125 DOI: 10.3390/s21165371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent growth of the elderly population has led to the requirement for constant home monitoring as solitary living becomes popular. This protects older people who live alone from unwanted instances such as falling or deterioration caused by some diseases. However, although wearable devices and camera-based systems can provide relatively precise information about human motion, they invade the privacy of the elderly. One way to detect the abnormal behavior of elderly residents under the condition of maintaining privacy is to equip the resident's house with an Internet of Things system based on a non-invasive binary motion sensor array. We propose to concatenate external features (previous activity and begin time-stamp) along with extracted features with a bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network to recognize the activities of daily living with a higher accuracy. The concatenated features are classified by a fully connected neural network (FCNN). The proposed model was evaluated on open dataset from the Center for Advanced Studies in Adaptive Systems (CASAS) at Washington State University. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art models with a margin of more than 6.25% of the F1 score on the same dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Hsu Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Luubaatar Badarch
- Department of Electronics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar 13341, Mongolia;
| | | | - Munkhjargal Gochoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fady S. Alnajjar
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Jun-Wei Hsieh
- College of AI, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
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50
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Ezeokonkwo FC, Sekula KL, Theeke LA. Loneliness in Homebound Older Adults: Integrative Literature Review. J Gerontol Nurs 2021; 47:13-20. [PMID: 34309447 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20210624-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness affects people of all ages at one point or another in their lives; however, older adults aged ≥65 years are disproportionally affected due to age-related losses. Most research on loneliness has focused on older adults in general. Older adults who are homebound tend to have more disabilities and associated complications than older adults in the general population and face unique challenges. The current review examined and synthesized knowledge about loneliness among older adults who are homebound using Whittemore and Knafl's analysis process. Fourteen studies published from 1999 to 2020 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis resulted in four themes: characteristics of loneliness in older adults who are homebound, risks for homebound in older adults, location of older adults who are homebound, and coping strategies and methods to reduce loneliness in this population. Implications for nursing practice and recommendations for future research are discussed. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(8), 13-20.].
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