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King HAD, Lewin SR. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in infectious disease. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39248154 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Following success in cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade is emerging as an exciting potential treatment for some infectious diseases, specifically two chronic viral infections, HIV and hepatitis B. Here, we will discuss the function of immune checkpoints, their role in infectious disease pathology, and the ability of immune checkpoint blockade to reinvigorate the immune response. We focus on blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) to induce durable immune-mediated control of HIV, given that anti-PD-1 can restore function to exhausted HIV-specific T cells and also reverse HIV latency, a long-lived form of viral infection. We highlight several key studies and future directions of research in relation to anti-PD-1 and HIV persistence from our group, including the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on the establishment (AIDS, 2018, 32, 1491), maintenance (PLoS Pathog, 2016, 12, e1005761; J Infect Dis, 2017, 215, 911; Cell Rep Med, 2022, 3, 100766) and reversal of HIV latency (Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 814; J Immunol, 2020, 204, 1242), enhancement of HIV-specific T cell function (J Immunol, 2022, 208, 54; iScience, 2023, 26, 108165), and investigating the effects of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in vivo in people with HIV on ART with cancer (Sci Transl Med, 2022, 14, eabl3836; AIDS, 2021, 35, 1631; Clin Infect Dis, 2021, 73, e1973). Our future work will focus on the impact of anti-PD-1 in vivo in people with HIV on ART without cancer and potential combinations of anti-PD-1 with other interventions, including therapeutic vaccines or antibodies and less toxic immune checkpoint blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A D King
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhao NQ, Pi R, Nguyen DN, Ranganath T, Seiler C, Holmes S, Marson A, Blish CA. NKp30 and NKG2D contribute to natural killer recognition of HIV-infected cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600449. [PMID: 38979175 PMCID: PMC11230221 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells respond rapidly in early HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 prevention and control strategies harnessing NK cells could be enabled by mechanistic understanding of how NK cells recognize HIV-infected T cells. Here, we profiled the phenotype of human primary NK cells responsive to autologous HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells in vitro. We characterized the patterns of NK cell ligand expression on CD4 + T cells at baseline and after infection with a panel of transmitted/founder HIV-1 strains to identify key receptor-ligand pairings. CRISPR editing of CD4 + T cells to knockout the NKp30 ligand B7-H6, or the NKG2D ligands MICB or ULBP2 reduced NK cell responses to HIV-infected cells in some donors. In contrast, overexpression of NKp30 or NKG2D in NK cells enhanced their targeting of HIV-infected cells. Collectively, we identified receptor-ligand pairs including NKp30:B7-H6 and NKG2D:MICB/ULBP2 that contribute to NK cell recognition of HIV-infected cells.
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Chung KP, Su JY, Wang YF, Budiarto BR, Yeh YC, Cheng JC, Keng LT, Chen YJ, Lu YT, Juan YH, Nakahira K, Ruan SY, Chien JY, Chang HT, Jerng JS, Huang YT, Chen SY, Yu CJ. Immunometabolic features of natural killer cells are associated with infection outcomes in critical illness. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334882. [PMID: 38426112 PMCID: PMC10902670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression increases the risk of nosocomial infection in patients with chronic critical illness. This exploratory study aimed to determine the immunometabolic signature associated with nosocomial infection during chronic critical illness. We prospectively recruited patients who were admitted to the respiratory care center and who had received mechanical ventilator support for more than 10 days in the intensive care unit. The study subjects were followed for the occurrence of nosocomial infection until 6 weeks after admission, hospital discharge, or death. The cytokine levels in the plasma samples were measured. Single-cell immunometabolic regulome profiling by mass cytometry, which analyzed 16 metabolic regulators in 21 immune subsets, was performed to identify immunometabolic features associated with the risk of nosocomial infection. During the study period, 37 patients were enrolled, and 16 patients (43.2%) developed nosocomial infection. Unsupervised immunologic clustering using multidimensional scaling and logistic regression analyses revealed that expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a), key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid transport, respectively, in natural killer (NK) cells was significantly associated with nosocomial infection. Downregulated NRF1 and upregulated CPT1a were found in all subsets of NK cells from patients who developed a nosocomial infection. The risk of nosocomial infection is significantly correlated with the predictive score developed by selecting NK cell-specific features using an elastic net algorithm. Findings were further examined in an independent cohort of COVID-19-infected patients, and the results confirm that COVID-19-related mortality is significantly associated with mitochondria biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways in NK cells. In conclusion, this study uncovers that NK cell-specific immunometabolic features are significantly associated with the occurrence and fatal outcomes of infection in critically ill population, and provides mechanistic insights into NK cell-specific immunity against microbial invasion in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Su
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bugi Ratno Budiarto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Cheng
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ta Keng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Juan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yien Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Tai Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Shuin Jerng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Field KR, Wragg KM, Kent SJ, Lee WS, Juno JA. γδ T cells mediate robust anti-HIV functions during antiretroviral therapy regardless of immune checkpoint expression. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1486. [PMID: 38299190 PMCID: PMC10825377 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently suppresses HIV viral load, immune dysregulation and dysfunction persist in people living with HIV (PLWH). γδ T cells are functionally impaired during untreated HIV infection, but the extent to which they are reconstituted upon ART is currently unclear. Methods Utilising a cohort of ART-treated PLWH, we assessed the frequency and phenotype, characterised in vitro functional responses and defined the impact of immune checkpoint marker expression on effector functions of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells. We additionally explore the in vitro expansion of Vδ2 T cells from PLWH on ART and the mechanisms by which such expanded cells may sense and kill HIV-infected targets. Results A matured NK cell-like phenotype was observed for Vδ1 T cells among 25 ART-treated individuals (PLWH/ART) studied compared to 17 HIV-uninfected controls, with heightened expression of 2B4, CD160, TIGIT and Tim-3. Despite persistent phenotypic perturbations, Vδ1 T cells from PLWH/ART exhibited strong CD16-mediated activation and degranulation, which were suppressed upon Tim-3 and TIGIT crosslinking. Vδ2 T cell degranulation responses to the phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate at concentrations up to 2 ng mL-1 were significantly impaired in an immune checkpoint-independent manner among ART-treated participants. Nonetheless, expanded Vδ2 T cells from PLWH/ART retained potent anti-HIV effector functions, with the NKG2D receptor contributing substantially to the elimination of infected cells. Conclusion Our findings highlight that although significant perturbations remain within the γδ T cell compartment throughout ART-treated HIV, both subsets retain the capacity for robust anti-HIV effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Field
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kathleen M Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
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Qin Y, Wang Q, Shi J. Immune checkpoint modulating T cells and NK cells response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127393. [PMID: 37182283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many subversive mechanisms promote the occurrence and development of chronic infectious diseases and cancer, among which the down-regulated expression of immune-activating receptors and the enhanced expression of immune-inhibitory receptors accelerate the occurrence and progression of the disease. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of tumors in multiple organs. However, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on natural killer (NK) cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and its impact on NK cell effector functions have been poorly studied. In this review, we focus on what is currently known about the expression of various immune checkpoints in NK cells following Mtb infection and how it alters NK cell-mediated host cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Unraveling the function of NK cells after the infection of host cells by Mtb is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the innate immune mechanism of NK cells involved in tuberculosis and the evaluation of the efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat tuberculosis. In view of some similarities in the immune characteristics of T cells and NK cells, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between T cells and Mtb, which can help us to further understand and explore the specific interaction mechanism between NK cells and Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, China
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Li H, Zhang J, Su C, Yang Z, Mei X, Zhang Z, Tian X, Wang S. Dynamic changes in TIGIT expression on the T-cell surface and TIGIT-mediated T-cell dysfunction in the brains of mice with chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106871. [PMID: 36863503 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive receptor TIGIT plays a vital role in the regulation of the immune system's response to pathogens. However, the expression pattern of this receptor in mouse brains during infection with Toxoplasma gondii cysts is not known. Here, we provide evidence of immunological changes and TIGIT expression in infected mouse brains through flow cytometry and QPCR. The obtained results show that TIGIT expression on brain T cells rose considerably after infection. T. gondii infection triggered the conversion of TIGIT+ TCM cells to TIGIT+ TEM cells and reduced their cytotoxicity. During the whole period of T. gondii infection, high intensity and persistent expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in brain and serum of mice. This study shows that chronic T. gondii infection increases TIGIT expression on brain T cells and affects their immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changwei Su
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenke Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuefang Mei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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George AF, Roan NR. Advances in HIV Research Using Mass Cytometry. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:76-85. [PMID: 36689119 PMCID: PMC9869313 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes how advances in CyTOF and high-dimensional analysis methods have furthered our understanding of HIV transmission, pathogenesis, persistence, and immunity. RECENT FINDINGS CyTOF has generated important insight on several aspects of HIV biology: (1) the differences between cells permissive to productive vs. latent HIV infection, and the HIV-induced remodeling of infected cells; (2) factors that contribute to the persistence of the long-term HIV reservoir, in both blood and tissues; and (3) the impact of HIV on the immune system, in the context of both uncontrolled and controlled infection. CyTOF and high-dimensional analysis tools have enabled in-depth assessment of specific host antigens remodeled by HIV, and have revealed insights into the features of HIV-infected cells enabling them to survive and persist, and of the immune cells that can respond to and potentially control HIV replication. CyTOF and other related high-dimensional phenotyping approaches remain powerful tools for translational research, and applied HIV to cohort studies can inform on mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis and persistence, and potentially identify biomarkers for viral eradication or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F George
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Cocker ATH, Liu F, Djaoud Z, Guethlein LA, Parham P. CD56-negative NK cells: Frequency in peripheral blood, expansion during HIV-1 infection, functional capacity, and KIR expression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992723. [PMID: 36211403 PMCID: PMC9539804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cells are usually defined as CD3-CD56+ lymphocytes. However, a CD56-CD16+ (CD56neg) lymphocyte population that displays NK-associated markers expands during chronic viral infections such as HIV-1 and HCV, and, to lesser extent, in herpesvirus infections. This CD56neg NK cell subset has been understudied because it requires the exclusion of other lymphocytes to accurately identify its presence. Many questions remain regarding the origin, development, phenotype, and function of the CD56neg NK cell population. Our objective was to determine the frequency of this NK subset in healthy controls and its alteration in viral infections by performing a meta-analysis. In addition to this, we analyzed deposited CyTOF and scRNAseq datasets to define the phenotype and subsets of the CD56neg NK cell population, as well as their functional variation. We found in 757 individuals, from a combined 28 studies and 6 datasets, that the CD56neg subset constitutes 5.67% of NK cells in healthy peripheral blood, while HIV-1 infection increases this population by a mean difference of 10.69%. Meta-analysis of surface marker expression between NK subsets showed no evidence of increased exhaustion or decreased proliferation within the CD56neg subset. CD56neg NK cells have a distinctive pattern of KIR expression, implying they have a unique potential for KIR-mediated education. A perforin-CD94-NKG2C-NKp30- CD56neg population exhibited different gene expression and degranulation responses against K562 cells compared to other CD56neg cells. This analysis distinguishes two functionally distinct subsets of CD56neg NK cells. They are phenotypically diverse and have differing capacity for education by HLA class-I interactions with KIRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. H. Cocker
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander T. H. Cocker,
| | - Fuguo Liu
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Laboratory Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisbeth A. Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Fittje P, Hœlzemer A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Vollmers S, Niehrs A, Hagemann K, Martrus G, Körner C, Kirchhoff F, Sauter D, Altfeld M. HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of CD155 results in viral restriction by KIR2DL5+ NK cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010572. [PMID: 35749424 PMCID: PMC9231786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral NK cell activity is regulated through the interaction of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors with their ligands on infected cells. HLA class I molecules serve as ligands for most killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), but no HLA class I ligands for the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL5 have been identified to date. Using a NK cell receptor/ligand screening approach, we observed no strong binding of KIR2DL5 to HLA class I or class II molecules, but confirmed that KIR2DL5 binds to the poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155). Functional studies using primary human NK cells revealed a significantly decreased degranulation of KIR2DL5+ NK cells in response to CD155-expressing target cells. We subsequently investigated the role of KIR2DL5/CD155 interactions in HIV-1 infection, and showed that multiple HIV-1 strains significantly decreased CD155 expression levels on HIV-1-infected primary human CD4+ T cells via a Nef-dependent mechanism. Co-culture of NK cells with HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells revealed enhanced anti-viral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells against wild-type versus Nef-deficient viruses, indicating that HIV-1-mediated downregulation of CD155 renders infected cells more susceptible to recognition by KIR2DL5+ NK cells. These data show that CD155 suppresses the antiviral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells and is downmodulated by HIV-1 Nef protein as potential trade-off counteracting activating NK cell ligands, demonstrating the ability of NK cells to counteract immune escape mechanisms employed by HIV-1. HIV infection remains a global health emergency that has caused around 36 million deaths. NK cells play an important role in the control of HIV-1 infections, and are able to detect and destroy infected cells using a large array of activating and inhibitory receptors, including KIRs. Here we demonstrate that CD155 serves as a functional interaction partner for the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL5, and that KIR2DL5+ NK cells are inhibited by CD155-expressing target cells. CD155 surface expression on HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells was downregulated by the HIV-1 Nef protein, resulting in increased anti-viral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells through the loss of inhibitory signals. Taken together, these studies demonstrate functional consequences of the novel interaction between KIR2DL5 and CD155 for the antiviral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Fittje
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hœlzemer
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Annika Niehrs
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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10
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Sun Y, Zhou J, Jiang Y. Negative Regulation and Protective Function of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Infection: Two Sides of a Coin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842831. [PMID: 35320945 PMCID: PMC8936085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important immunologic role, targeting tumors and virus-infected cells; however, NK cells do not impede the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In HIV infection, NK cells exhibit impaired functions and negatively regulate other immune cell responses, although NK cells can kill HIV-infected cells and thereby suppress HIV replication. Considerable recent research has emerged regarding NK cells in the areas of immune checkpoints, negative regulation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and HIV reservoirs during HIV infection; however, no overall summary of these factors is available. This review focuses on several important aspects of NK cells in relation to HIV infection, including changes in NK cell count, subpopulations, and immune checkpoints, as well as abnormalities in NK cell functions and NK cell negative regulation. The protective function of NK cells in inhibiting HIV replication to reduce the viral reservoir and approaches for enhancing NK cell functions are also summarized.
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11
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Gubser C, Chiu C, Lewin SR, Rasmussen TA. Immune checkpoint blockade in HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103840. [PMID: 35123267 PMCID: PMC8882999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved life expectancy for people with HIV (PWH) and helps to restore immune function but is not curative and must be taken lifelong. Achieving long term control of HIV in the absence of ART will likely require potent T cell function, but chronic HIV infection is associated with immune exhaustion that persists even on ART. This is driven by elevated expression of immune checkpoints that provide negative signalling to T cells. In individuals with cancer, immune checkpoint blockade augments tumour-directed T-cell responses resulting in significant clinical cures. There is therefore high interest if ICB can contribute to HIV cure or remission by reversing HIV-latency and/or drive recovery of HIV-specific T-cells. We here review recent evidence on the role of immune checkpoints in persistent HIV infection and discuss the potential for employing immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic approach to target HIV persistence on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chris Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Thomas A Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Richardson ZA, Deleage C, Tutuka CSA, Walkiewicz M, Del Río-Estrada PM, Pascoe RD, Evans VA, Reyesteran G, Gonzales M, Roberts-Thomson S, González-Navarro M, Torres-Ruiz F, Estes JD, Lewin SR, Cameron PU. Multiparameter immunohistochemistry analysis of HIV DNA, RNA and immune checkpoints in lymph node tissue. J Immunol Methods 2022; 501:113198. [PMID: 34863818 PMCID: PMC9036546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main barrier to a cure for HIV is the persistence of long-lived and proliferating latently infected CD4+ T-cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Latency is well characterized in multiple CD4+ T-cell subsets, however, the contribution of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) expressing FoxP3 as well as immune checkpoints (ICs) PD-1 and CTLA-4 as targets for productive and latent HIV infection in people living with HIV on suppressive ART is less well defined. We used multiplex detection of HIV DNA and RNA with immunohistochemistry (mIHC) on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cells to simultaneously detect HIV RNA and DNA and cellular markers. HIV DNA and RNA were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) (RNA/DNAscope) and IHC was used to detect cellular markers (CD4, PD-1, FoxP3, and CTLA-4) by incorporating the tyramide system amplification (TSA) system. We evaluated latently infected cell lines, a primary cell model of HIV latency and excisional lymph node (LN) biopsies collected from people living with HIV (PLWH) on and off ART. We clearly detected infected cells that coexpressed HIV RNA and DNA (active replication) and DNA only (latently infected cells) in combination with IHC markers in the in vitro infection model as well as LN tissue from PLWH both on and off ART. Combining ISH targeting HIV RNA and DNA with IHC provides a platform to detect and quantify HIV persistence within cells identified by multiple markers in tissue samples from PLWH on ART or to study HIV latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwena A Richardson
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Deleage
- Frederick National Laboratories for Cancer Research, MD, Frederick, United States of America
| | - Candani S A Tutuka
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia; La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marzena Walkiewicz
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Perla M Del Río-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachel D Pascoe
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa A Evans
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gustavo Reyesteran
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Gonzales
- Pathology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mauricio González-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Torres-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul U Cameron
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Launceston General Hospital, Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
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13
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George AF, Luo X, Neidleman J, Hoh R, Vohra P, Thomas R, Shin MG, Lee MJ, Blish CA, Deeks S, Greene WC, Lee SA, Roan NR. Deep Phenotypic Analysis of Blood and Lymphoid T and NK Cells From HIV+ Controllers and ART-Suppressed Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:803417. [PMID: 35154118 PMCID: PMC8829545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.803417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T and natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells with key roles in anti-HIV immunity, including in lymphoid tissues, the major site of HIV persistence. However, little is known about the features of these effector cells from people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly from those who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute infection. Our study design was to use 42-parameter CyTOF to conduct deep phenotyping of paired blood- and lymph node (LN)-derived T and NK cells from three groups of HIV+ aviremic individuals: elite controllers (N = 5), and ART-suppressed individuals who had started therapy during chronic (N = 6) vs. acute infection (N = 8), the latter of which is associated with better outcomes. We found that acute-treated individuals are enriched for specific subsets of T and NK cells, including blood-derived CD56-CD16+ NK cells previously associated with HIV control, and LN-derived CD4+ T follicular helper cells with heightened expansion potential. An in-depth comparison of the features of the cells from blood vs. LNs of individuals from our cohort revealed that T cells from blood were more activated than those from LNs. By contrast, LNs were enriched for follicle-homing CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells, which expressed increased levels of inhibitory receptors and markers of survival and proliferation as compared to their CXCR5- counterparts. In addition, a subset of memory-like CD56brightTCF1+ NK cells was enriched in LNs relative to blood. These results together suggest unique T and NK cell features in acute-treated individuals, and highlight the importance of examining effector cells not only in blood but also the lymphoid tissue compartment, where the reservoir mostly persists, and where these cells take on distinct phenotypic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F. George
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason Neidleman
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Madeline J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Program in Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Program in Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Warner C. Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Departments of Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sulggi A. Lee
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sulggi A. Lee, ; Nadia R. Roan,
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sulggi A. Lee, ; Nadia R. Roan,
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14
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Cao WJ, Zhang XC, Wan LY, Li QY, Mu XY, Guo AL, Zhou MJ, Shen LL, Zhang C, Fan X, Jiao YM, Xu RN, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Wang SQ, Wang FS, Song JW. Immune Dysfunctions of CD56 neg NK Cells Are Associated With HIV-1 Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811091. [PMID: 35069597 PMCID: PMC8777256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Populations of natural killer cells lacking CD56 expression [CD56neg natural killer (NK) cells] have been demonstrated to expand during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. However, their phenotypic and functional characteristics have not been systematically analyzed, and their roles during disease progression remain poorly understood. Methods In this study, 84 donors, namely 34 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients (TNs), 29 HIV-1-infected patients with successful antiretroviral therapy (ARTs), and 21 healthy controls (HCs), were enrolled. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD56neg NK cells were analyzed using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry. A potential link between the characteristics of CD56neg NK cells and the clinical parameters associated with HIV-1 disease progression was examined. Results The frequency of the CD56neg NK cell population was significantly increased in TNs, which could be partially rescued by ART. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that CD56neg NK cells were characterized by high expression of CD39, TIGIT, CD95, and Ki67 compared to CD56dim NK cells. In vitro assays revealed reduced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, as well as decreased expression of granzyme B and perforin in CD56neg NK cells. In line with the data obtained by flow cytometry, scRNA-seq analysis further demonstrated impaired cytotoxic activities of CD56neg NK cells. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between CD39, CD95, and Ki67 expression levels in CD56neg NK cells and CD4+ T cell counts. Conclusions The results presented in this study indicate that the CD56neg NK cell population expanded in HIV-1-infected individuals is dysfunctional and closely correlates with HIV-1 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Lin-Yu Wan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - An-Liang Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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15
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Ivison GT, Vendrame E, Martínez-Colón GJ, Ranganath T, Vergara R, Zhao NQ, Martin MP, Bendall SC, Carrington M, Cyktor JC, McMahon DK, Eron J, Jones RB, Mellors JW, Bosch RJ, Gandhi RT, Holmes S, Blish CA. Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Ligands Are Associated With Markers of HIV-1 Persistence in Chronically Infected ART Suppressed Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:757846. [PMID: 35223535 PMCID: PMC8866573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.757846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The latent HIV-1 reservoir represents a major barrier to achieving a long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free remission or cure for HIV-1. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that play a critical role in controlling viral infections and have been shown to be involved in preventing HIV-1 infection and, in those who are infected, delaying time to progression to AIDS. However, their role in limiting HIV-1 persistence on long term ART is still uncharacterized. To identify associations between markers of HIV-1 persistence and the NK cell receptor-ligand repertoire, we used twin mass cytometry panels to characterize the peripheral blood NK receptor-ligand repertoire in individuals with long-term antiretroviral suppression enrolled in the AIDS Clinical Trial Group A5321 study. At the time of testing, participants had been on ART for a median of 7 years, with virological suppression <50 copies/mL since at most 48 weeks on ART. We found that the NK cell receptor and ligand repertoires did not change across three longitudinal samples over one year-a median of 25 weeks and 50 weeks after the initial sampling. To determine the features of the receptor-ligand repertoire that associate with markers of HIV-1 persistence, we performed a LASSO normalized regression. This analysis revealed that the NK cell ligands CD58, HLA-B, and CRACC, as well as the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3, and KIR2DS4 were robustly predictive of markers of HIV-1 persistence, as measured by total HIV-1 cell-associated DNA, HIV-1 cell-associated RNA, and single copy HIV-RNA assays. To characterize the roles of cell populations defined by multiple markers, we augmented the LASSO analysis with FlowSOM clustering. This analysis found that a less mature NK cell phenotype (CD16+CD56dimCD57-LILRB1-NKG2C-) was associated with lower HIV-1 cell associated DNA. Finally, we found that surface expression of HLA-Bw6 measured by CyTOF was associated with lower HIV-1 persistence. Genetic analysis revealed that this was driven by lower HIV-1 persistence in HLA-Bw4/6 heterozygotes. These findings suggest that there may be a role for NK cells in controlling HIV-1 persistence in individuals on long-term ART, which must be corroborated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey T Ivison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Giovanny J Martínez-Colón
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rosemary Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Q Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maureen P Martin
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National, Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States.,Laboratory of Integrative Cancer, Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National, Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States.,Laboratory of Integrative Cancer, Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua C Cyktor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deborah K McMahon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Eron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - R Brad Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ronald J Bosch
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rajesh T Gandhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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16
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Holder KA, Burt K, Grant MD. TIGIT blockade enhances NK cell activity against autologous HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1348. [PMID: 34707863 PMCID: PMC8527024 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives During chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 infection, inhibitory molecules upregulated on lymphocytes contribute to effector cell dysfunction and immune exhaustion. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for age‐related morbidities, an issue magnified by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection. As CMV infection modifies natural killer (NK) cell properties and NK cells contribute to protection against HIV‐1 infection, we considered the role of T‐cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and intracellular tyrosine inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) in NK cell‐based HIV‐1 immunotherapy and elimination strategies. Methods We measured TIGIT expression on immune cell subsets of 95 PLWH and assessed its impact on NK cell function, including elimination of autologous CD4+ T cells infected through reactivation of endogenous HIV‐1. Results TIGIT was expressed on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells from PLWH. Although TIGIT levels on T cells correlated with HIV‐1 disease progression, the extent of TIGIT expression on NK cells more closely paralleled adaptation to CMV. TIGIT interacts with its predominant ligand, poliovirus receptor (PVR), to inhibit effector cell functions. Circulating CD4+ T cells from PLWH more frequently expressed PVR than HIV‐seronegative controls, and PVR expression was enriched in CD4+ T cells replicating HIV‐1 ex vivo. Treatment with anti‐TIGIT monoclonal antibodies increased NK cell HIV‐1‐specific antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. Conclusion Blocking TIGIT may be an effective strategy to invigorate antibody‐dependent NK cell activity against HIV‐1 activated in cellular reservoirs for cure or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program Division of BioMedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | | | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program Division of BioMedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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17
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Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. NK cell-based therapies for HIV infection: Investigating current advances and future possibilities. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:921-931. [PMID: 34668588 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0821-412rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are well-known for their antiviral functions. Also, their role in HIV has been well established, with rapid responses elicited during early HIV infection. Most immune cells including CD4+ T cells, monocytes, Mϕs, and dendritic cells are readily infected by HIV. Recent evidence from multiple studies has suggested that similar to these cells, in chronic conditions like HIV, NK cells also undergo functional exhaustion with impaired cytotoxicity, altered cytokine production, and impaired ADCC. NK-based immunotherapy aims to successfully restore, boost, and modify their activity as has been already demonstrated in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The utilization of NK cell-based strategies for the eradication of HIV from the body provides many advantages over classical ART. The literature search consisted of manually selecting the most relevant studies from databases including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrial.gov. Some of the treatments currently under consideration are CAR-NK cell therapy, facilitating ADCC, TLR agonists, bNAbs, and BiKEs/TriKEs, blocking inhibitory NK receptors during infection, IL-15 and IL-15 superagonists (eg: ALT-803), and so on. This review aims to discuss the NK cell-based therapies currently under experimentation against HIV infection and finally highlight the challenges associated with NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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18
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Li H, Zhang J, Su C, Tian X, Mei X, Zhang Z, Wang M, Li X, Wang S. Dynamic Expressions of TIGIT on Splenic T Cells and TIGIT-Mediated Splenic T Cell Dysfunction of Mice With Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700892. [PMID: 34421855 PMCID: PMC8375303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As an immunosuppressive receptor, T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) play a critical part in cellular immune regulation mediated by pathogen infection. Whereas, TIGIT expression on splenic T cells in hosts infected with Toxoplasma gondii cysts has not been studied. In this study, we detected TIGIT expression and the changes of immune function in the spleen by flow cytometry and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We found that TIGIT expression on splenic T cells increased significantly post infection. At the same time, splenic TIGIT+TCM cells were activated and transformed into TIGIT+TEM cells during the infection, and the cytotoxicity of TIGIT+ T cells was reduced in the later stage of infection. This study shows that chronic T. gondii infection can upregulate TIGIT expression on the surface of T cells and affect immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changwei Su
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuefang Mei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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19
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Lee MYH, Upadhyay AA, Walum H, Chan CN, Dawoud RA, Grech C, Harper JL, Karunakaran KA, Nelson SA, Mahar EA, Goss KL, Carnathan DG, Cervasi B, Gill K, Tharp GK, Wonderlich ER, Velu V, Barratt-Boyes SM, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Bosinger SE. Tissue-specific transcriptional profiling of plasmacytoid dendritic cells reveals a hyperactivated state in chronic SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009674. [PMID: 34181694 PMCID: PMC8270445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV associated immune activation (IA) is associated with increased morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy, and remains a barrier for strategies aimed at reducing the HIV reservoir. The underlying mechanisms of IA have not been definitively elucidated, however, persistent production of Type I IFNs and expression of ISGs is considered to be one of the primary factors. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are a major producer of Type I IFN during viral infections, and are highly immunomodulatory in acute HIV and SIV infection, however their role in chronic HIV/SIV infection has not been firmly established. Here, we performed a detailed transcriptomic characterization of pDCs in chronic SIV infection in rhesus macaques, and in sooty mangabeys, a natural host non-human primate (NHP) species that undergoes non-pathogenic SIV infection. We also investigated the immunostimulatory capacity of lymph node homing pDCs in chronic SIV infection by contrasting gene expression of pDCs isolated from lymph nodes with those from blood. We observed that pDCs in LNs, but not blood, produced high levels of IFNα transcripts, and upregulated gene expression programs consistent with T cell activation and exhaustion. We apply a novel strategy to catalogue uncharacterized surface molecules on pDCs, and identified the lymphoid exhaustion markers TIGIT and LAIR1 as highly expressed in SIV infection. pDCs from SIV-infected sooty mangabeys lacked the activation profile of ISG signatures observed in infected macaques. These data demonstrate that pDCs are a primary producer of Type I IFN in chronic SIV infection. Further, this study demonstrated that pDCs trafficking to LNs persist in a highly activated state well into chronic infection. Collectively, these data identify pDCs as a highly immunomodulatory cell population in chronic SIV infection, and a putative therapeutic target to reduce immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y.-H. Lee
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hasse Walum
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chi N. Chan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Reem A. Dawoud
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christine Grech
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Harper
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kirti A. Karunakaran
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sydney A. Nelson
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ernestine A. Mahar
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kyndal L. Goss
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Barbara Cervasi
- Flow Cytometry Core, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kiran Gill
- Flow Cytometry Core, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Bottino C, Dondero A, Castriconi R. Inhibitory axes impacting on the activity and fate of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100985. [PMID: 34176653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In neoplastic patients, an effective immune response ideally should be achieved by the coordinated action of different immune cells with tumor-suppressive functions. These include the more cytolytic members of the Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) family represented by the Natural Killer (NK) cells, whose activities in cancer patients, however, can be hampered by several inhibitory signals. These are generated by membrane-bound and soluble molecules that, interacting with specific inhibitory receptors, create inhibitory axes impacting the NK cell differentiation and effector functions. These breaks, which now represent major immunotherapeutic targets, may be sensitive to interferon (IFN)-γ, whose source, in vivo, is represented by different cell types including the NK and ILC1. Since also ILCs can express receptors of the inhibitory axes like PD-1 and TIGIT, their therapeutic blockade might further amplify the IFN-γ release that, as an unwanted side effect, would promote the onset of NK cell-resistant tumor variants (NKRTV) expressing ligands involved in inhibitory axes. These variants might also arise from the activity of other cytokines such as IL-27, which can increase the expression of HLA class I and PD-Ls in different cell types, including tumor cells. Besides the amplification of membrane-bound inhibitory axes, tumors can reduce the number of infiltrating cytolytic ILCs, promote the recruitment of poorly cytolytic NK cell subsets, and manipulate to their advantage the infiltrating immune cells, which acquire tumor-promoting activities. This occurs thanks to the production of soluble factors including TGF-β1 and IL-18 that, alone or in combination, modify the activating and chemokine receptor repertoire of NK cells, and induce the ILCs differentiation towards cells ineffective in fighting cancer or, even worse, with tumor-promoting functions. The present review aims to present and discuss major inhibitory axes impacting on ILCs functions, migration, and differentiation with a major focus on tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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21
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Hao Y, Hao S, Andersen-Nissen E, Mauck WM, Zheng S, Butler A, Lee MJ, Wilk AJ, Darby C, Zager M, Hoffman P, Stoeckius M, Papalexi E, Mimitou EP, Jain J, Srivastava A, Stuart T, Fleming LM, Yeung B, Rogers AJ, McElrath JM, Blish CA, Gottardo R, Smibert P, Satija R. Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data. Cell 2021; 184:3573-3587.e29. [PMID: 34062119 PMCID: PMC8238499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5853] [Impact Index Per Article: 1951.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous measurement of multiple modalities represents an exciting frontier for single-cell genomics and necessitates computational methods that can define cellular states based on multimodal data. Here, we introduce "weighted-nearest neighbor" analysis, an unsupervised framework to learn the relative utility of each data type in each cell, enabling an integrative analysis of multiple modalities. We apply our procedure to a CITE-seq dataset of 211,000 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with panels extending to 228 antibodies to construct a multimodal reference atlas of the circulating immune system. Multimodal analysis substantially improves our ability to resolve cell states, allowing us to identify and validate previously unreported lymphoid subpopulations. Moreover, we demonstrate how to leverage this reference to rapidly map new datasets and to interpret immune responses to vaccination and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our approach represents a broadly applicable strategy to analyze single-cell multimodal datasets and to look beyond the transcriptome toward a unified and multimodal definition of cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Hao
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Stephanie Hao
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Cape Town HVTN Immunology Lab, Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - William M Mauck
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Shiwei Zheng
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Andrew Butler
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Maddie J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron J Wilk
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charlotte Darby
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Michael Zager
- Center for Data Visualization, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Marlon Stoeckius
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Efthymia Papalexi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Eleni P Mimitou
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Jaison Jain
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Avi Srivastava
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Tim Stuart
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lamar M Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Angela J Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juliana M McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94063, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA.
| | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA.
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22
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High-dimensional mass cytometry analysis of NK cell alterations in AML identifies a subgroup with adverse clinical outcome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020459118. [PMID: 34050021 PMCID: PMC8179170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020459118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are major antileukemic immune effectors. Leukemic blasts have a negative impact on NK cell function and promote the emergence of phenotypically and functionally impaired NK cells. In the current work, we highlight an accumulation of CD56-CD16+ unconventional NK cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aberrant subset initially described as being elevated in patients chronically infected with HIV-1. Deep phenotyping of NK cells was performed using peripheral blood from patients with newly diagnosed AML (n = 48, HEMATOBIO cohort, NCT02320656) and healthy subjects (n = 18) by mass cytometry. We showed evidence of a moderate to drastic accumulation of CD56-CD16+ unconventional NK cells in 27% of patients. These NK cells displayed decreased expression of NKG2A as well as the triggering receptors NKp30 and NKp46, in line with previous observations in HIV-infected patients. High-dimensional characterization of these NK cells highlighted a decreased expression of three additional major triggering receptors required for NK cell activation, NKG2D, DNAM-1, and CD96. A high proportion of CD56-CD16+ NK cells at diagnosis was associated with an adverse clinical outcome and decreased overall survival (HR = 0.13; P = 0.0002) and event-free survival (HR = 0.33; P = 0.018) and retained statistical significance in multivariate analysis. Pseudotime analysis of the NK cell compartment highlighted a disruption of the maturation process, with a bifurcation from conventional NK cells toward CD56-CD16+ NK cells. Overall, our data suggest that the accumulation of CD56-CD16+ NK cells may be the consequence of immune escape from innate immunity during AML progression.
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23
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Seiler C, Ferreira AM, Kronstad LM, Simpson LJ, Le Gars M, Vendrame E, Blish CA, Holmes S. CytoGLMM: conditional differential analysis for flow and mass cytometry experiments. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:137. [PMID: 33752595 PMCID: PMC7983283 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flow and mass cytometry are important modern immunology tools for measuring expression levels of multiple proteins on single cells. The goal is to better understand the mechanisms of responses on a single cell basis by studying differential expression of proteins. Most current data analysis tools compare expressions across many computationally discovered cell types. Our goal is to focus on just one cell type. Our narrower field of application allows us to define a more specific statistical model with easier to control statistical guarantees. Results Differential analysis of marker expressions can be difficult due to marker correlations and inter-subject heterogeneity, particularly for studies of human immunology. We address these challenges with two multiple regression strategies: a bootstrapped generalized linear model and a generalized linear mixed model. On simulated datasets, we compare the robustness towards marker correlations and heterogeneity of both strategies. For paired experiments, we find that both strategies maintain the target false discovery rate under medium correlations and that mixed models are statistically more powerful under the correct model specification. For unpaired experiments, our results indicate that much larger patient sample sizes are required to detect differences. We illustrate the CytoGLMM R package and workflow for both strategies on a pregnancy dataset. Conclusion Our approach to finding differential proteins in flow and mass cytometry data reduces biases arising from marker correlations and safeguards against false discoveries induced by patient heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Seiler
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Mathematics Centre Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | | | - Lisa M Kronstad
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, USA
| | - Laura J Simpson
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Mathieu Le Gars
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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24
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Blondin-Ladrie L, Aranguren M, Doyon-Laliberté K, Poudrier J, Roger M. The Importance of Regulation in Natural Immunity to HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030271. [PMID: 33803543 PMCID: PMC8003059 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, most Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections are acquired through heterosexual intercourse, and in sub-Saharan Africa, 59% of new HIV infections affect women. Vaccines and microbicides hold promise for preventing the acquisition of HIV. To this end, the study of HIV highly exposed seronegative (HESN) female commercial sex workers (CSWs), who constitute a model of natural immunity to HIV, provides an exceptional opportunity to determine important clues for the development of preventive strategies. Studies using both female genital tract (FGT) and peripheral blood samples of HESN CSWs, have allowed identifying distinct features, notably low-inflammatory patterns associated with resistance to infection. How this seemingly regulated response is achieved at the initial site of HIV infection remains unknown. One hypothesis is that populations presenting regulatory profiles contribute to the orchestration of potent anti-viral and low-inflammatory responses at the initial site of HIV transmission. Here, we view to update our knowledge regarding this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Blondin-Ladrie
- Axe Immunopathologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (L.B.-L.); (M.A.); (K.D.-L.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Matheus Aranguren
- Axe Immunopathologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (L.B.-L.); (M.A.); (K.D.-L.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Kim Doyon-Laliberté
- Axe Immunopathologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (L.B.-L.); (M.A.); (K.D.-L.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- Axe Immunopathologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (L.B.-L.); (M.A.); (K.D.-L.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Michel Roger
- Axe Immunopathologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (L.B.-L.); (M.A.); (K.D.-L.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, QC H2P1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.R.)
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25
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Zhang X, Lu X, Cheung AKL, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Li Z, Yuan L, Wang R, Liu Y, Tang B, Xia H, Wu H, Zhang T, Su B. Analysis of the Characteristics of TIGIT-Expressing CD3 -CD56 +NK Cells in Controlling Different Stages of HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602492. [PMID: 33717085 PMCID: PMC7953050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.602492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TIGIT expression on natural killer (NK) cells is associated with dysfunction during chronic HIV infection, but the phenotype and biological functions of these cells in the context of acute HIV-1 infection remain poorly understood. Here, 19 acutely infected HIV-1 patients traced at first, third and twelfth month, and age-matched patients with chronic HIV-1 infection were enrolled to investigate the phenotype and functions of TIGIT expression on NK cells. We found that TIGIT-expressing NK cells did not increase in frequency in the first, third and twelfth month of infection until chronic HIV-1 infection lasted over 2 years. The number of TIGIT+NK cells in acute infection was positively associated with HIV-1 viral load (r = 0.53, P = 0.0009). CD96 was significantly upregulated on NK cells after acute infection for 1 month and in chronic infection over 2 years, while CD226 was downregulated in chronic infection over 2 years. Further, at different stages of infection, CD96−CD226+ cells diminished among total NK cells, TIGIT+NK and TIGIT−NK cells, while CD96+CD226− cells expanded. Reduced CD96−CD226+ cells and elevated CD96+CD226− cells among NK cells especially TIGIT−NK cells, had opposite associations with viral load in the first month of infection, as well as CD4 T-cell counts in including the twelfth month and more than 2 years of chronic infection. In both HIV-1-infected individuals and healthy donors, TIGIT was predominantly expressed in NKG2A−NKG2C+NK cells, with a significantly higher proportion than in NKG2A+NKG2C−NK cells. Moreover, the frequencies of TIGIT+NK cells were positively associated with the frequencies of NKG2A−NKG2C+NK cells in acute infection (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), chronic infection (r = 0.37, P = 0.023) and healthy donors (r = 0.36, P = 0.020). Enhanced early activation and coexpression of CD38 and HLA-DR in TIGIT+NK cells were detected compared to TIGIT−NK cells, both of which were inversely associated with the decrease in CD4 T-cell counts in both acute and chronic HIV-1 infection. The ability of TIGIT+NK cells to produce TNF-α, IFN-γ and CD107a degranulation substance were consistently weaker than that of TIGIT−NK cells in both acute and chronic infection. Moreover, the functionalities of TIGIT+NK cells were lower than those of TIGIT−NK cells, except for TNF-α−CD107a+IFN-γ−NK cells. These findings highlight the phenotype and functional characteristics of TIGIT-expressing NK cells which have poor capabilities in inhibiting HIV-1 replication and maintaining CD4 T-cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
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26
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Deng M, Chen H, Liu X, Huang R, He Y, Yoo B, Xie J, John S, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B: therapeutic targets in cancer. Antib Ther 2021; 4:16-33. [PMID: 33928233 PMCID: PMC7944505 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1–5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs that recruit phosphatases to negatively regulate immune activation. The activation of LILRB signaling in immune cells may contribute to immune evasion. In addition, the expression and signaling of LILRBs in cancer cells especially in certain hematologic malignant cells directly support cancer development. Certain LILRBs thus have dual roles in cancer biology—as immune checkpoint molecules and tumor-supporting factors. Here, we review the expression, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRBs, as well as therapeutic development targeting them. LILRBs may represent attractive targets for cancer treatment, and antagonizing LILRB signaling may prove to be effective anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Byounggyu Yoo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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27
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Jacobs ME, Pouw JN, Olde Nordkamp MA, Radstake TRDJ, Leijten EFA, Boes M. DNAM1 and TIGIT balance the T cell response, with low T cell TIGIT expression corresponding to inflammation in psoriatic disease. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2020; 1:ltaa004. [PMID: 36284900 PMCID: PMC9585685 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Signals at the contact site of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells help orchestrate the adaptive immune response. CD155 on APCs can interact with the stimulatory receptor DNAM1 or inhibitory receptor TIGIT on T cells. The CD155/DNAM1/TIGIT axis is under extensive investigation as immunotherapy target in inflammatory diseases including cancer, chronic infection and autoimmune diseases. We investigated a possible role for CD155/DNAM1/TIGIT signaling in psoriatic disease. Methods By flow cytometry, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with psoriasis (n = 20) or psoriatic arthritis (n = 21), and healthy individuals (n = 7). We measured CD155, TIGIT, and DNAM1 expression on leukocyte subsets and compared activation-induced cytokine production between CD155-positive and CD155-negative APCs. We assessed the effects of TIGIT and DNAM1 blockade on T cell activation, and related the expression of CD155/DNAM1/TIGIT axis molecules to measures of disease activity. Results High CD155 expression associates with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC). In CD1c+ myeloid DC, activation-induced CD155 expression associates with increased HLA-DR expression. CD8 T cells – but not CD4 T cells – express high levels of TIGIT. DNAM1 blockade decreases T cell pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while TIGIT blockade increased T cell proliferation. Finally, T cell TIGIT expression shows an inverse correlation with inflammation biomarkers in psoriatic disease. Conclusion CD155 is increased on pro-inflammatory APCs, while the receptors DNAM1 and TIGIT expressed on T cells balance the inflammatory response by T cells. In psoriatic disease, low TIGIT expression on T cells is associated with systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen E Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte N Pouw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel A Olde Nordkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emmerik F A Leijten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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28
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Vendrame E, McKechnie JL, Ranganath T, Zhao NQ, Rustagi A, Vergara R, Ivison GT, Kronstad LM, Simpson LJ, Blish CA. Profiling of the Human Natural Killer Cell Receptor-Ligand Repertoire. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/61912. [PMID: 33283785 PMCID: PMC7935321 DOI: 10.3791/61912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are among the first responders to viral infections. The ability of NK cells to rapidly recognize and kill virally infected cells is regulated by their expression of germline-encoded inhibitory and activating receptors. The engagement of these receptors by their cognate ligands on target cells determines whether the intercellular interaction will result in NK cell killing. This protocol details the design and optimization of two complementary mass cytometry (CyTOF) panels. One panel was designed to phenotype NK cells based on receptor expression. The other panel was designed to interrogate expression of known ligands for NK cell receptors on several immune cell subsets. Together, these two panels allow for the profiling of the human NK cell receptor-ligand repertoire. Furthermore, this protocol also details the process by which we stain samples for CyTOF. This process has been optimized for improved reproducibility and standardization. An advantage of CyTOF is its ability to measure over 40 markers in each panel, with minimal signal overlap, allowing researchers to capture the breadth of the NK cell receptor-ligand repertoire. Palladium barcoding also reduces inter-sample variation, as well as consumption of reagents, making it easier to stain samples with each panel in parallel. Limitations of this protocol include the relatively low throughput of CyTOF and the inability to recover cells after analysis. These panels were designed for the analysis of clinical samples from patients suffering from acute and chronic viral infections, including dengue virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and influenza. However, they can be utilized in any setting to investigate the human NK cell receptor-ligand repertoire. Importantly, these methods can be applied broadly to the design and execution of future CyTOF panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Julia L McKechnie
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Nancy Q Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Geoffrey T Ivison
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Lisa M Kronstad
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Laura J Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub;
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29
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Demetriou P, Abu-Shah E, Valvo S, McCuaig S, Mayya V, Kvalvaag A, Starkey T, Korobchevskaya K, Lee LYW, Friedrich M, Mann E, Kutuzov MA, Morotti M, Wietek N, Rada H, Yusuf S, Afrose J, Siokis A, Meyer-Hermann M, Ahmed AA, Depoil D, Dustin ML. A dynamic CD2-rich compartment at the outer edge of the immunological synapse boosts and integrates signals. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1232-1243. [PMID: 32929275 PMCID: PMC7611174 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The CD2-CD58 recognition system promotes adhesion and signaling and counters exhaustion in human T cells. We found that CD2 localized to the outer edge of the mature immunological synapse, with cellular or artificial APC, in a pattern we refer to as a 'CD2 corolla'. The corolla captured engaged CD28, ICOS, CD226 and SLAM-F1 co-stimulators. The corolla amplified active phosphorylated Src-family kinases (pSFK), LAT and PLC-γ over T cell receptor (TCR) alone. CD2-CD58 interactions in the corolla boosted signaling by 77% as compared with central CD2-CD58 interactions. Engaged PD-1 invaded the CD2 corolla and buffered CD2-mediated amplification of TCR signaling. CD2 numbers and motifs in its cytoplasmic tail controlled corolla formation. CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes displayed low expression of CD2 in the majority of people with colorectal, endometrial or ovarian cancer. CD2 downregulation may attenuate antitumor T cell responses, with implications for checkpoint immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Salvatore Valvo
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audun Kvalvaag
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Starkey
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lennard Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mikhail A Kutuzov
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Rada
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shamsideen Yusuf
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jehan Afrose
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, CUNY Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anastasios Siokis
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Depoil
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Immunocore Ltd, Abingdon, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Zhao NQ, Vendrame E, Ferreira AM, Seiler C, Ranganath T, Alary M, Labbé AC, Guédou F, Poudrier J, Holmes S, Roger M, Blish CA. Natural killer cell phenotype is altered in HIV-exposed seronegative women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238347. [PMID: 32870938 PMCID: PMC7462289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals present a unique setting to study mechanisms of protection against HIV acquisition. As natural killer (NK) cell activation and function have been implicated as a correlate of protection in HESN individuals, we sought to better understand the features of NK cells that may confer protection. We used mass cytometry to phenotypically profile NK cells from a cohort of Beninese sex workers and healthy controls. We found that NK cells from HESN women had increased expression of NKG2A, NKp30 and LILRB1, as well as the Fc receptor CD16, and decreased expression of DNAM-1, CD94, Siglec-7, and NKp44. Using functional assessments of NK cells from healthy donors against autologous HIV-infected CD4+ T cells, we observed that NKp30+ and Siglec-7+ cells had improved functional activity. Further, we found that NK cells from HESN women trended towards increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity; this activity correlated with increased CD16 expression. Overall, we identify features of NK cells in HESN women that may contribute to protection from HIV infection. Follow up studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Q. Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anne-Maud Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michel Alary
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, Service de maladies infectieuses et microbiologie, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Johanne Poudrier
- Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michel Roger
- Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (CAB); (MR)
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAB); (MR)
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31
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Alrubayyi A, Ogbe A, Moreno Cubero E, Peppa D. Harnessing Natural Killer Cell Innate and Adaptive Traits in HIV Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:395. [PMID: 32850493 PMCID: PMC7417314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efficient virological suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH), experience an increased burden of premature co-morbidities, such as cancer and end-organ disease. With remaining challenges in terms of access to therapy, adherence and potential long-term drug toxicity, improving their long-term healthcare outcome, including new strategies for HIV clearance, remains a global priority. There is, therefore, an ongoing need to better characterize and harness the immune response in order to develop new strategies and supplement current therapeutic approaches for a “functional” cure. Current efforts toward HIV eradication to enhance immune recognition and elimination of persistently infected cells have highlighted the need for an optimized “kill” approach. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in antiviral defense and by virtue of their innate and adaptive features hold great promise as a focus of “kill” efforts. Galvanized by advances in the cancer field, NK cell exploitation, represents a transformative approach to augment HIV therapeutic modalities, circumventing many of the limitations inherent to T cell approaches. In this review we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the development of NK cell adaptive/memory responses in HIV infection and highlight new and exciting opportunities to exploit the beneficial attributes of NK cells for HIV immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Ogbe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elia Moreno Cubero
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of HIV, Mortimer Market Centre, CNWL NHS Trust, London, OH, United Kingdom
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32
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Zheng Q, Xu J, Gu X, Wu F, Deng J, Cai X, Wang G, Li G, Chen Z. Immune checkpoint targeting TIGIT in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3212-3224. [PMID: 32774695 PMCID: PMC7407725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an extremely poor prognosis and is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Immune checkpoint suppression has become the most effective treatment option for liver cancer. The strategies used for immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting cancer therapies have been affected by some significant successes, including blocking the advanced-stage malignant tumor by death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand (PDL-1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) pathways. T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an immune checkpoint that participates in tumor immune surveillance. Mainly expressed on T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and other antigen-presenting cells (APCs), it diminishes cytokine production and exhibits strong suppressive properties. TIGIT achieves a more active antitumor immune response and highlights a pivotal role for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical studies have found inhibitory effects using a targeted approach. Monotherapy targeting TIGIT or in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of patients with advanced solid malignancies have demonstrated improved antitumor immune responses. Due to the high tumor heterogeneity of liver cancer, immune checkpoint suppression therapy still needs further exploration. Therefore, we provide insights into the characteristics of TIGIT and the immune system in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengtian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Third People’s HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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33
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Chauvin JM, Ka M, Pagliano O, Menna C, Ding Q, DeBlasio R, Sanders C, Hou J, Li XY, Ferrone S, Davar D, Kirkwood JM, Johnston RJ, Korman AJ, Smyth MJ, Zarour HM. IL15 Stimulation with TIGIT Blockade Reverses CD155-mediated NK-Cell Dysfunction in Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5520-5533. [PMID: 32591463 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance. Multiple activating and inhibitory receptors (IR) regulate NK-cell-mediated tumor control. The IR T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and its counter-receptor CD226 exert opposite effects on NK-cell-mediated tumor reactivity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the frequency, phenotype, and functions of NK cells freshly isolated from healthy donors and patients with melanoma with multiparameter flow cytometry. We assessed TIGIT and CD226 cell surface expression and internalization upon binding to CD155. We evaluated the role of IL15 and TIGIT blockade in increasing NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in two mouse models. RESULTS NK cells are present at low frequencies in metastatic melanoma, are dysfunctional, and downregulate both TIGIT and CD226 expression. As compared with TIGIT- NK cells, TIGIT+ NK cells exhibit higher cytotoxic capacity and maturation, but paradoxically lower cytotoxicity against CD155+ MHC class I-deficient melanoma cells. Membrane bound CD155 triggers CD226 internalization and degradation, resulting in decreased NK-cell-mediated tumor reactivity. IL15 increases TIGIT and CD226 gene expression by tumor-infiltrating NK cells (TiNKs) and, together with TIGIT blockade, increases NK-cell-mediated melanoma cytotoxicity in vitro and decreases tumor metastasis in two mouse melanoma models. Specific deletion of TIGIT on transferred NK cells enhances the antimetastatic activity of IL15, while CD226 blockade decreases the effects of IL15 and TIGIT blockade. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the development of novel combinatorial immunotherapy with IL15 and TIGIT blockade to promote NK-cell-mediated destruction of MHC class I-deficient melanoma, which are refractory to CD8+ T-cell-mediated immunity.See related commentary by Pietra et al., p. 5274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe-Marc Chauvin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mignane Ka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ornella Pagliano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmine Menna
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Quanquan Ding
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richelle DeBlasio
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cindy Sanders
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiajie Hou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diwakar Davar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Alan J Korman
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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34
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Zhao NQ, Ferreira AM, Grant PM, Holmes S, Blish CA. Treated HIV Infection Alters Phenotype but Not HIV-Specific Function of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:829. [PMID: 32477342 PMCID: PMC7235409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV- healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous, in vitro HIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV− groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIV in vitro. As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Q Zhao
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anne-Maud Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Philip M Grant
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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35
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Holder KA, Grant MD. TIGIT Blockade: A Multipronged Approach to Target the HIV Reservoir. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:175. [PMID: 32432050 PMCID: PMC7214612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, upregulation of inhibitory molecules contributes to effector cell dysfunction and exhaustion. This, in combination with the ability of HIV-1 to reside dormant in cellular reservoirs and escape immune recognition, makes the pathway to HIV-1 cure particularly challenging. An idealized strategy to achieve HIV-1 cure proposes combined viral and immune activation by "shock"ing HIV-1 out of latency and into an immunologically visible state to be recognized and "kill"ed by immune effector cells. Here we outline the potential for blockade of the inhibitory immune checkpoint T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) to overcome natural killer (NK) cell and T cell inhibition associated with HIV-1 infection and invigorate antiviral effector cell responses against HIV-1 reactivated from the latent cellular reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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36
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Ranganath T, Simpson LJ, Ferreira AM, Seiler C, Vendrame E, Zhao N, Fontenot JD, Holmes S, Blish CA. Characterization of the Impact of Daclizumab Beta on Circulating Natural Killer Cells by Mass Cytometry. Front Immunol 2020; 11:714. [PMID: 32391016 PMCID: PMC7194113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Daclizumab beta is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to CD25 and selectively inhibits high-affinity IL-2 receptor signaling. As a former treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS), daclizumab beta induces robust expansion of the CD56bright subpopulation of NK cells that is correlated with the drug’s therapeutic effects. As NK cells represent a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes with a range of phenotypes and functions, the goal of this study was to better understand how daclizumab beta altered the NK cell repertoire to provide further insight into the possible mechanism(s) of action in RMS. We used mass cytometry to evaluate expression patterns of NK cell markers and provide a comprehensive assessment of the NK cell repertoire in individuals with RMS treated with daclizumab beta or placebo over the course of 1 year. Treatment with daclizumab beta significantly altered the NK cell repertoire compared to placebo treatment. As previously reported, daclizumab beta significantly increased expression of CD56 on total NK cells. Within the CD56bright NK cells, treatment was associated with multiple phenotypic changes, including increased expression of NKG2A and NKp44, and diminished expression of CD244, CD57, and NKp46. These alterations occurred broadly across the CD56bright population, and were not associated with a specific subset of CD56bright NK cells. While the changes were less dramatic, CD56dim NK cells responded distinctly to daclizumab beta treatment, with higher expression of CD2 and NKG2A, and lower expression of FAS-L, HLA-DR, NTB-A, NKp30, and Perforin. Together, these data indicate that the expanded CD56bright NK cells share features of both immature and mature NK cells. These findings show that daclizumab beta treatment is associated with unique changes in NK cells that may enhance their ability to kill autoreactive T cells or to exert immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura J Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anne-Maud Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Harris LD, Khayumbi J, Ongalo J, Sasser LE, Tonui J, Campbell A, Odhiambo FH, Ouma SG, Alter G, Gandhi NR, Day CL. Distinct Human NK Cell Phenotypes and Functional Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Adults From TB Endemic and Non-endemic Regions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:120. [PMID: 32266170 PMCID: PMC7105570 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), which leads to an estimated 1. 5 million deaths worldwide each year. Although the immune correlates of protection against Mtb infection and TB disease have not been well-defined, natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly recognized as a key component of the innate immune response to Mtb and as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we evaluated NK cell phenotypic and functional profiles in QuantiFERON-TB (QFT)+ and QFT− adults in a TB endemic setting in Kisumu, Kenya, and compared their NK cell responses to those of Mtb-naïve healthy adult controls in the U.S. We used flow cytometry to define the phenotypic profile of NK cells and identified distinct CD56dim NK cell phenotypes that differentiated the Kenyan and U.S. groups. Additionally, among Kenyan participants, NK cells from QFT+ individuals with latent Mtb infection (LTBI) were characterized by significant downregulation of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 and the inhibitory receptor TIGIT, compared with QFT− individuals. Moreover, the distinct CD56dim phenotypic profiles in Kenyan individuals correlated with dampened NK cell responses to tumor cells and diminished activation, degranulation, and cytokine production following stimulation with Mtb antigens, compared with Mtb-naïve U.S. healthy adult controls. Taken together, these data provide evidence that the phenotypic and functional profiles of NK cells are modified in TB endemic settings and will inform future studies aimed at defining NK cell-mediated immune correlates that may be protective against acquisition of Mtb infection and progression to TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levelle D Harris
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jeremiah Khayumbi
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joshua Ongalo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Loren E Sasser
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joan Tonui
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Angela Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Neel R Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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