1
|
Prieto Fernandez A, Palomo Antequera B, Del Castillo Arango K, Blanco Guindel M, Nava Tomas ME, Mesa Alvarez AM. Inhalational lung diseases. RADIOLOGIA 2022; 64 Suppl 3:290-300. [PMID: 36737167 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The term inhalational lung disease comprises a group of entities that develop secondary to the active aspiration of particles. Most are occupational lung diseases. Inhalational lung diseases are classified as occupational diseases (pneumoconiosis, chemical pneumonitis), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and electronic-cigarette-associated lung diseases. The radiologic findings often consist of nonspecific interstitial patterns that can be difficult to interpret. Therefore, radiologists' experience and multidisciplinary teamwork are key to ensure correct evaluation. The role of the radiologist is fundamental in preventive measures as well as in diagnosis and management, having an important impact on patients' overall health. It is crucial to take into account patients' possible exposure to particles both at work and at home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Prieto Fernandez
- Sección de Radiología Torácica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - B Palomo Antequera
- Sección de Radiología Torácica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - K Del Castillo Arango
- Sección de Radiología Torácica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Blanco Guindel
- Sección de Radiología Torácica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M E Nava Tomas
- Sección de Radiología Torácica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - A M Mesa Alvarez
- Sección de Radiología Torácica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enfermedades pulmonares inhalatorias. RADIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
3
|
Samsonova MV, Chernyaev AL, Dvorakovskaya IV, Kusraeva EV. [Comparative pathomorphological characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:59-66. [PMID: 35166480 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228401159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents an X-ray morphological differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP). It describes the etiology, pathogenesis, radiological signs, and pathoanatomy of IPF and FHP. For differential diagnosis, radiological and morphological signs were studied in 105 patients with IPF and in 111 patients with FHP. The mean ages of patients with IPF or FHP were 65.0±8.9 and 48.9±12.3 years, respectively. The history of IPF to the moment of its diagnosis ranged from 1 to 18 months, while that of FHP was 35 to 79 days. The authors describe the additional morphological signs of FHP: delicate collagen fibrosis; smooth muscle metaplasia in the interalveolar septa and fibrotic areas; fibroblastic foci mainly in the walls of bronchioles; plasma cell infiltration of interalveolar septa with a touch of neutrophils and eosinophils. A table has been compiled for differential diagnosis according to the morphological signs of IPF and FHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Samsonova
- Research Institute of Pulmonology of the Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Chernyaev
- Research Institute of Pulmonology of the Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Acad. A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Dvorakovskaya
- Research Institute of Pulmonology Acad. I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Kusraeva
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
[Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: An update]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:772-780. [PMID: 33941410 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.03.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) is a common immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) induced by repeated exposure to environmental antigens in susceptible individuals. The most commonly known forms are bird fancier's disease and farmer's lung. However, the antigens involved are widely diverse. Therefore, the list of causes of HP is frequently expanding. HP seems to be under-diagnosed owing to its highly heterogeneous presentation in both the non-fibrotic and fibrotic subtypes and could represent up to 15% of all ILDs encountered in clinical practice. However, the recognition of HP cases is essential to ensure appropriate therapy for the patient. Home health care workers' intervention is sometimes critical in this context. In case of confirmed exposure, the diagnosis could be considered with high confidence if the high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) shows a typical HP pattern associated with a lymphocytosis over 30% in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL). In all other situations, the patients should undergo further investigations and additional histopathological sampling should be considered and submitted to a multidisciplinary team discussion. After diagnosis, antigenic eviction is the rule whenever possible. Corticosteroid treatment is the first-line medical treatment for severe forms and aims to prevent the development of fibrosis. Anti-fibrotic therapy is now an option for patients with progressive ILD and failure of immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Arenas-Jiménez J, Plasencia-Martínez J, García-Garrigós E. When pneumonia is not COVID-19. RADIOLOGIA 2021. [PMCID: PMC7813497 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, the prevalence of the disease means that practically any lung opacity on an X-ray could represent pneumonia due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, atypical radiologic findings add weight to negative microbiological or serological tests. Likewise, outside the epidemic wave and with the return of other respiratory diseases, radiologists can play an important role in decision making about diagnoses, treatment, or preventive measures (isolation), provided they know the key findings for entities that can simulate COVID-19 pneumonia. Unifocal opacities or opacities located in upper lung fields and predominant airway involvement, in addition to other key radiologic and clinical findings detailed in this paper, make it necessary to widen the spectrum of possible diagnoses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Arenas-Jiménez JJ, Plasencia-Martínez JM, García-Garrigós E. When pneumonia is not COVID-19. RADIOLOGIA 2021; 63:180-192. [PMID: 33339621 PMCID: PMC7699022 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, the prevalence of the disease means that practically any lung opacity on an X-ray could represent pneumonia due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, atypical radiologic findings add weight to negative microbiological or serological tests. Likewise, outside the epidemic wave and with the return of other respiratory diseases, radiologists can play an important role in decision making about diagnoses, treatment, or preventive measures (isolation), provided they know the key findings for entities that can simulate COVID-19 pneumonia. Unifocal opacities or opacities located in upper lung fields and predominant airway involvement, in addition to other key radiologic and clinical findings detailed in this paper, make it necessary to widen the spectrum of possible diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Arenas-Jiménez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, España.
| | - J M Plasencia-Martínez
- Área de Urgencias y de Imagen Cardiaca, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, España
| | - E García-Garrigós
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, España
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Myers JL, Kreuter M, Vasakova M, Bargagli E, Chung JH, Collins BF, Bendstrup E, Chami HA, Chua AT, Corte TJ, Dalphin JC, Danoff SK, Diaz-Mendoza J, Duggal A, Egashira R, Ewing T, Gulati M, Inoue Y, Jenkins AR, Johannson KA, Johkoh T, Tamae-Kakazu M, Kitaichi M, Knight SL, Koschel D, Lederer DJ, Mageto Y, Maier LA, Matiz C, Morell F, Nicholson AG, Patolia S, Pereira CA, Renzoni EA, Salisbury ML, Selman M, Walsh SLF, Wuyts WA, Wilson KC. Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:e36-e69. [PMID: 32706311 PMCID: PMC7397797 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202005-2032st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This guideline addresses the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It represents a collaborative effort among the American Thoracic Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax.Methods: Systematic reviews were performed for six questions. The evidence was discussed, and then recommendations were formulated by a multidisciplinary committee of experts in the field of interstitial lung disease and HP using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.Results: The guideline committee defined HP, and clinical, radiographic, and pathological features were described. HP was classified into nonfibrotic and fibrotic phenotypes. There was limited evidence that was directly applicable to all questions. The need for a thorough history and a validated questionnaire to identify potential exposures was agreed on. Serum IgG testing against potential antigens associated with HP was suggested to identify potential exposures. For patients with nonfibrotic HP, a recommendation was made in favor of obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for lymphocyte cellular analysis, and suggestions for transbronchial lung biopsy and surgical lung biopsy were also made. For patients with fibrotic HP, suggestions were made in favor of obtaining BAL for lymphocyte cellular analysis, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy, and surgical lung biopsy. Diagnostic criteria were established, and a diagnostic algorithm was created by expert consensus. Knowledge gaps were identified as future research directions.Conclusions: The guideline committee developed a systematic approach to the diagnosis of HP. The approach should be reevaluated as new evidence accumulates.
Collapse
|
8
|
Leone PM, Richeldi L. Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2020; 83:122-131. [PMID: 32185914 PMCID: PMC7105432 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is characterized by exposure to an inhaled inciting antigen that leads to a host immunologic reaction determining interstitial inflammation and architectural distortion. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. The absence of international shared diagnostic guidelines and the lack of a "gold-standard" test for HP combined with the presence of several clinical and radiologic overlapping features makes it particularly challenging to differentiate HP from other ILDs, also in expert contests. Radiology is playing a more crucial role in this process; recently the headcheese sign was recognized as a more specific for chronic-HP than the extensive mosaic attenuation. Several classification proposals and diagnostic models have been advanced by different groups, with no prospective validation. Therapeutic options for HP have been limited to antigen avoidance and immunosuppressant drugs over the last decades. Several questions about this condition remain unanswered and there is a need for more studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Leone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chiarenza A, Esposto Ultimo L, Falsaperla D, Travali M, Foti PV, Torrisi SE, Schisano M, Mauro LA, Sambataro G, Basile A, Vancheri C, Palmucci S. Chest imaging using signs, symbols, and naturalistic images: a practical guide for radiologists and non-radiologists. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 31802270 PMCID: PMC6893008 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several imaging findings of thoracic diseases have been referred-on chest radiographs or CT scans-to signs, symbols, or naturalistic images. Most of these imaging findings include the air bronchogram sign, the air crescent sign, the arcade-like sign, the atoll sign, the cheerios sign, the crazy paving appearance, the comet-tail sign, the darkus bronchus sign, the doughnut sign, the pattern of eggshell calcifications, the feeding vessel sign, the finger-in-gloove sign, the galaxy sign, the ginkgo leaf sign, the Golden-S sign, the halo sign, the headcheese sign, the honeycombing appearance, the interface sign, the knuckle sign, the monod sign, the mosaic attenuation, the Oreo-cookie sign, the polo-mint sign, the presence of popcorn calcifications, the positive bronchus sign, the railway track appearance, the scimitar sign, the signet ring sign, the snowstorm sign, the sunburst sign, the tree-in-bud distribution, and the tram truck line appearance. These associations are very helpful for radiologists and non-radiologists and increase learning and assimilation of concepts.Therefore, the aim of this pictorial review is to highlight the main thoracic imaging findings that may be associated with signs, symbols, or naturalistic images: an "iconographic" glossary of terms used for thoracic imaging is reproduced-placing side by side radiological features and naturalistic figures, symbols, and schematic drawings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Chiarenza
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Esposto Ultimo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Falsaperla
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Travali
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Valerio Foti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Emanuele Torrisi
- Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for interstitial and rare lung diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Germany and German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matteo Schisano
- Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Letizia Antonella Mauro
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Artroreuma S.R.L. - Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic accredited with the Italian National Health System, Mascalucia, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Basile
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" - Radiology Unit I, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95123, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morisset J, Johannson KA, Jones KD, Wolters PJ, Collard HR, Walsh SLF, Ley B. Identification of Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: An International Modified Delphi Survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 197:1036-1044. [PMID: 29172641 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201710-1986oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Current diagnosis of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) involves considering a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological information in multidisciplinary team discussions. However, this approach is highly variable with poor agreement between centers. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify diagnostic criteria for cHP that reach consensus among international experts. METHODS A 3-round modified Delphi survey was conducted between April and August 2017. Forty-five experts in interstitial lung disease from 14 countries participated in the online survey. Diagnostic items included in round 1 were generated using expert interviews and literature review. During rounds 1 and 2, experts rated the importance of each diagnostic item on a 5-point Likert scale. The a priori threshold of consensus was ≥ 75% of experts rating a diagnostic item as very important or important. In the third round, experts graded the items that met consensus as important and provided their level of diagnostic confidence for a series of clinical scenarios. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Consensus was achieved on 18 of the 40 diagnostic items. Among these, experts gave the highest level of importance to the identification of a causative antigen, time relation between exposure and disease, mosaic attenuation on chest imaging, and poorly formed non-necrotizing granulomas on pathology. In clinical scenarios, the diagnostic confidence of experts in cHP was heightened by the presence of these diagnostic items. CONCLUSION This consensus-based approach for the diagnosis of cHP represents a first step towards the development of international guidelines for the diagnosis of cHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Morisset
- Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, 25443, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ;
| | | | - Kirk D Jones
- University of California, San Francisco, Pathology, San Francisco, California, United States ;
| | - Paul J Wolters
- University of California, Medicine/CVRI, San Francisco, California, United States ;
| | - Harold R Collard
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States ;
| | - Simon L F Walsh
- King's College, Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Radiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ;
| | - Brett Ley
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dias OM, Baldi BG, Pennati F, Aliverti A, Chate RC, Sawamura MVY, Carvalho CRRD, Albuquerque ALPD. Computed tomography in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: main findings, differential diagnosis and pitfalls. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 12:5-13. [PMID: 29048936 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1395282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a disease with variable clinical presentation in which inflammation in the lung parenchyma is caused by the inhalation of specific organic antigens or low molecular weight substances in genetically susceptible individuals. Alterations of the acute, subacute and chronic forms may eventually overlap, and the diagnosis based on temporality and presence of fibrosis (acute/inflammatory HP vs. chronic HP) seems to be more feasible and useful in clinical practice. Differential diagnosis of chronic HP with other interstitial fibrotic diseases is challenging due to the overlap of the clinical history, and the functional and imaging findings of these pathologies in the terminal stages. Areas covered: This article reviews the essential features of HP with emphasis on imaging features. Moreover, the main methodological limitations of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) interpretation are discussed, as well as new perspectives with volumetric quantitative CT analysis as a useful tool for retrieving detailed and accurate information from the lung parenchyma. Expert commentary: Mosaic attenuation is a prominent feature of this disease, but air trapping in chronic HP seems overestimated. Quantitative analysis has the potential to estimate the involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma more accurately and could correlate better with pulmonary function results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olívia Meira Dias
- a Pulmonary Division, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Bruno Guedes Baldi
- a Pulmonary Division, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Francesca Pennati
- b Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria , Politecnico di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Aliverti
- b Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria , Politecnico di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Rodrigo Caruso Chate
- c Radiology Division, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Márcio Valente Yamada Sawamura
- c Radiology Division, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de Carvalho
- a Pulmonary Division, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - André Luis Pereira de Albuquerque
- a Pulmonary Division, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Winningham PJ, Martínez-Jiménez S, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Betancourt SL, Restrepo CS, Eraso A. Bronchiolitis: A Practical Approach for the General Radiologist. Radiographics 2017; 37:777-794. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Winningham
- From the Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St Luke’s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (P.J.W., S.M.J., M.L.R.d.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (S.L.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
| | - Santiago Martínez-Jiménez
- From the Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St Luke’s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (P.J.W., S.M.J., M.L.R.d.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (S.L.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
| | - Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson
- From the Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St Luke’s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (P.J.W., S.M.J., M.L.R.d.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (S.L.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
| | - Sonia L. Betancourt
- From the Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St Luke’s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (P.J.W., S.M.J., M.L.R.d.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (S.L.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
| | - Carlos S. Restrepo
- From the Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St Luke’s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (P.J.W., S.M.J., M.L.R.d.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (S.L.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
| | - Andrés Eraso
- From the Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St Luke’s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (P.J.W., S.M.J., M.L.R.d.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (S.L.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Piel S, Kreuter M, Herth F, Kauczor HU, Heußel CP. [Pulmonary granulomatous diseases and pulmonary manifestations of systemic granulomatous disease : Including tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteriosis]. Radiologe 2016; 56:874-884. [PMID: 27638826 PMCID: PMC7095880 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-016-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE Granulomas as signs of specific inflammation of the lungs are found in various diseases with pulmonary manifestations and represent an important imaging finding. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS The standard imaging modality for the work-up of granulomatous diseases of the lungs is most often thin-slice computed tomography (CT). There are a few instances, e. g. tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and silicosis, where a chest radiograph still plays an important role. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Further radiological modalities are usually not needed in the routine work-up of granulomatous diseases of the chest. In special cases magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scans play an important role, e. g. detecting cardiac sarcoidosis by cardiac MRI or choline C‑11 PET-CT in diagnosing lung carcinoma in scar tissue after tuberculosis. PERFORMANCE The accuracy of thin-slice CT is very high for granulomatous diseases. ACHIEVEMENTS In cases of chronic disease and fibrotic interstitial lung disease it is important to perform thin-slice CT in order to diagnose a specific disease pattern. Thin-slice CT is also highly sensitive in detecting disease complications and comorbidities, such as malignancies. Given these indications thin-slice CT is generally accepted in the routine daily practice. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS A thin-slice CT and an interdisciplinary discussion are recommended in many cases with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary granulomatous disease due to clinical or radiographic findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Piel
- Zentrum für interstitielle und seltene Lungenerkrankungen, Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - M Kreuter
- Zentrum für interstitielle und seltene Lungenerkrankungen, Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - F Herth
- Zentrum für interstitielle und seltene Lungenerkrankungen, Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - H-U Kauczor
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C-P Heußel
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie mit Nuklearmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Magee AL, Montner SM, Husain A, Adegunsoye A, Vij R, Chung JH. Imaging of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Radiol Clin North Am 2016; 54:1033-1046. [PMID: 27719974 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) depends on early identification of the disease process, which is complicated by its nonspecific clinical presentation in addition to variable and diverse laboratory and radiologic findings. HP is the result of exposure and sensitization to myriad aerosolized antigens. HP develops in the minority of antigenic exposures, and conversely has been documented in patients with no identifiable exposure, complicating the diagnostic algorithm significantly. Prompt diagnosis and early intervention are critical in slowing the progression of irreversible parenchymal damage, and additionally in preserving the quality of life of affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Magee
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC2026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Steven M Montner
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC2026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aliya Husain
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, #6101, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, #6101, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rekha Vij
- Department of Pulmonology & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC6076, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chung
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC2026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dalpiaz G, Piolanti M. Non-infectious Parenchymal Lung Disease. EMERGENCY RADIOLOGY OF THE CHEST AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2016. [PMCID: PMC7121959 DOI: 10.1007/174_2016_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute dyspnea is a common presenting complaint in the emergency room, emergency medicine and intensive care. It may have a cardiovascular or a non-cardiovascular origin, the latter including pulmonary parenchymal diseases. Depending on the cause, it may be associated with fever, cough, hemoptysis, and/or chest pain, with a duration of symptoms that can range from hours to days. Prompt identification of the underlying cause of acute dyspnea is essential in guiding appropriate therapy and management, as patients may rapidly progress to acute respiratory failure. Evaluation with chest radiography is vital for initial assessment and may reveal diffuse parenchymal abnormalities, which may require further assessment with computed tomography (HRCT). Acute non-infectious parenchymal lung diseases are often overlooked and may be under-diagnosed. Their diagnosis requires the evaluation, along with the HRCT pattern, of the clinical and laboratory features and of the bronchoalveolar lavage. Biopsy may be necessary in more complex cases. Although the most frequent cause of diffuse non-infectious parenchymal lung involvement is acute hydrostatic pulmonary edema, there is a wide variety of diseases that may be encountered, including acute drug toxicity, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). In trauma patients, fat embolism syndrome (FES) must be taken into account. Acute respiratory failure is an eventuality that can occur during the course of chronic lung diseases (UIP for example), which may have been unknown until then.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pietrangeli V, Piciucchi S, Tomassetti S, Ravaglia C, Gurioli C, Gurioli C, Cavazza A, Dubini A, Poletti V. Diffuse Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia with Obliterative Bronchiolitis and Usual Interstitial Pneumonia: An Unusual “Headcheese Pattern” with Nodules. Lung 2015; 193:1051-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|