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Yang CH, Lv JJ, Kong XM, Chu F, Li ZB, Lu W, Li XY. Global, regional and national burdens of depression in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years, from 1990 to 2019: findings from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Br J Psychiatry 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38660761 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant mental health concern affecting the overall well-being of adolescents and young adults. Recently, the prevalence of depression has increased among young people. Nonetheless, there is little research delving into the longitudinal epidemiology of adolescent depression over time. AIMS To investigate the longitudinal epidemiology of depression among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years. METHOD Our research focused on young people (aged 10-24 years) with depression, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. We explored the age-standardised prevalence, incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of depression in different groups, including various regions, ages, genders and sociodemographic indices, from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS The prevalence, incidence and DALYs of depression in young people increased globally between 1990 and 2019. Regionally, higher-income regions like High-Income North America and Australasia recorded rising age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates, whereas low- or middle-income regions mostly saw reductions. Nationally, countries such as Greenland, the USA and Palestine reported the highest age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates in 2019, whereas Qatar witnessed the largest growth over time. The burden disproportionately affected females across age groups and world regions. The most prominent age effect on incidence and prevalence rates was in those aged 20-24 years. The depression burden showed an unfavourable trend in younger cohorts born after 1980, with females reporting a higher cohort risk than males. CONCLUSIONS Between 1990 and 2019, the general pattern of depression among adolescents varied according to age, gender, time period and generational cohort, across regions and nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Jia-Jie Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xiang-Meng Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Chu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Rauhut AS, Tuladhar B, Tamvaka N, Warnick J. Differential effects of voluntary exercise and housing density on anxiety-like behavior in C57Bl/6 mice. Behav Processes 2024; 217:105023. [PMID: 38522795 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of voluntary exercise and housing density on a) anxiety-like behavior and b) the stimulant effects of methamphetamine in C57Bl/6 mice were evaluated. Upon arrival, mice were housed singly or in pairs, and permitted access to home-cage running wheels or not for 4 weeks. Testing for anxiety-like behavior occurred over the next 3 weeks, one test per week [Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) → Hyponeophagia (HNP) task → Open-Field (OF) task]. The final, OF task involved an 8-hour session in which mice were permitted to explore the chamber (drug free) during Hours 1-3; given an injection (s.c.) of methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) after Hour 3; followed by continued behavioral sampling during Hours 4-8. Several tasks (HNP and OF, but not EPM) consistently showed voluntary exercise induced anxiety-like behavior. In addition, two measures (time in center and time resting in the perimeter) in the OF task revealed that exercise mice compared to controls were more responsive to the anxiogenic effects of methamphetamine. Although pair housing was anxiolytic, it did not ameliorate the anxiogenic effects of voluntary exercise. Taken together, these results, when viewed in tandem with previous studies that utilized a less anxious mouse strain (Swiss Webster), may suggest that voluntary exercise is anxiogenic in an anxiety-prone mouse strain such as C57Bl/6 and highlight the importance of considering mouse strain when evaluating the impact of environmental manipulations on anxiety-like behavior in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Rauhut
- Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle 17013, PA; Neuroscience Program, Dickinson College, Carlisle 17013, PA.
| | | | - Nicole Tamvaka
- Neuroscience Program, Dickinson College, Carlisle 17013, PA
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Jones AM, Koehoorn M, Bültmann U, McLeod CB. Pre-existing anxiety and depression disorders and return to work after musculoskeletal strain or sprain: a phased-based approach. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:83-92. [PMID: 35666362 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of pre-existing anxiety and depression disorders on return to work (RTW) using a phase-based approach. METHODS Accepted lost-time workers' compensation claims for upper limb or spine strain or sprain from 2009 to 2013 were extracted for workers in the Canadian province of British Columbia (n = 78,186). Pre-existing anxiety and depression disorders were identified using health claims data. Probability of RTW following a first or second work lost-time episode was analyzed using Prentice, Williams and Peterson models for recurrent events (common hazards ratios (cHR)). Probability of a first lost-time recurrence was analyzed using Cox models (HR). All models included two years of follow up and were stratified by gender. RESULTS For men, anxiety alone (cHR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.94) or comorbid with depression (cHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99) was significantly associated with a lower probability of RTW, and comorbid anxiety and depression with a higher probability of recurrence (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.48). In women, comorbid anxiety and depression was significantly associated with a lower probability of RTW (cHR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.99) and a higher probability of recurrence (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.28); and anxiety alone with a higher probability of recurrence (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.43). There was little evidence that depression alone was associated with RTW or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Workers with a pre-existing anxiety disorder may require additional supports both during lost-time and after initial RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marie Jones
- Partnership for Work Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 V6T 1Z3, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mieke Koehoorn
- Partnership for Work Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 V6T 1Z3, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher B McLeod
- Partnership for Work Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 V6T 1Z3, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wang YC, Lin PH, Lin YL, Lee YC, Wang JY, Chen YC, Yang SY. Factors influencing loneliness among older people using homecare services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:252-260. [PMID: 36577404 PMCID: PMC9880683 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly homecare service users may reduce their level of social participation and interpersonal interactions due to physiological loss, which may lead to loneliness and depression over the years. However, there is a lack of research on loneliness among older people who use homecare services. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing loneliness among older people using homecare services. METHODS This is a longitudinal study conducted in communities in Central Taiwan, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was first administered as a pre-test to obtain baseline information about the participants, and the same questionnaire was administered as a post-test after 6 months to follow-up. The pre- and post-test questionnaires included five sections, that is, participant demographics, Brief Symptom Rating Scale, Interpersonal Interaction Scale (IIS), Frenchay Activities Index, and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA). RESULTS A total of 178 participants were recruited in this study. Results indicated that gender, whether participants eat alone or with others at dinner, social media use, perceived economic status, and IIS score were significantly correlated with the loneliness score on the UCLA. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the loneliness score among male participants in the low loneliness group from baseline to 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Gender, presence of others at dinner, social media use, perceived economic status, and interpersonal interaction skills are significant factors that influence loneliness among older people using homecare services. Men tend to experience higher levels of loneliness over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lien Lin
- Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Wang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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WHODAS 2.0: Associations of functional disability with sex, age, and length of care in outpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 313:114583. [PMID: 35533470 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disabling mental disorder that is associated with impairments in both social and occupational functioning. Few studies, however, have explored functional domains of disability and its associations with age, sex, and length of care. As part of a hospital quality improvement initiative, data were collected on outpatients' age, sex, length of care, and levels of disability (using the WHODAS 2.0; N=180; M=45.72; 68% male). Mean disability summary and domain scores were compared with population norms from international samples and two published studies in schizophrenia. A series of three-way ANOVAs and post-hoc tests evaluated differences in levels of disability based on age, sex, and length of care categories. Sample mean summary scores were comparable to published studies in schizophrenia (M=24.81; SD=17.37; 85th percentile). Statistically significant main effects of sex and age on summary and domain-specific scores were found, whereas length of care was not significant. A statistically significant three-way interaction of sex x length of care x age was found for summary and mobility scores. Findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the WHODAS 2.0 in outpatients with schizophrenia. Although causal inferences cannot be made, findings show that age and sex are important factors to consider in addressing disability.
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Manjunatha N, Jayasankar P, Suhas S, Rao GN, Gopalkrishna G, Varghese M, Benegal V. Prevalence and its correlates of anxiety disorders from India's National Mental Health Survey 2016. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:138-142. [PMID: 35494323 PMCID: PMC9045348 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_964_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety disorders (ADs) impact the quality of life and productivity at an individual level and result in substantial loss of national income. Representative epidemiological studies estimating the burden of ADs are limited in India. National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2016 of India aimed to strengthen mental health services across India assessed the prevalence and pattern of public health priority mental disorders for mental health-care policy and implementation. This article focuses on the current prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, disability, and treatment gap in ADs in the adult population of NMHS 2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS NMHS 2016 was a nationally representative, multicentered study across 12 Indian states during 2014-2016. Diagnosis of ADs (generalized AD, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and social AD) was based on Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0. Disability was by Sheehan's Disability Scale. RESULTS The current weighted prevalence of ADs was 2.57% (95% confidence interval: 2.54-2.60). Risk factors identified were female gender, 40-59 age group, and urban metro dwellers. Around 60% suffered from the disability of varying severity. The overall treatment gap for ADs was 82.9%. CONCLUSIONS The burden of AD is similar to Depressive disorders, and this article calls for the immediate attention of policymakers to institute effective management plans in existing public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Manjunatha
- Department of Psychiatry, Tele-Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavithra Jayasankar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Suhas
- Department of Psychiatry, Tele-Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish N Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, WHO Collaborative Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gururaj Gopalkrishna
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, WHO Collaborative Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chaoping P, Cen W, Kelifa MO, Xuyang L, Wang P. Gender disparity in disability among Chinese oldest-old: Age and cohort trends. J Women Aging 2022; 35:243-258. [PMID: 35201970 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring gender disparity in disability and identifying related disablement process factors among Chinese oldest-old. Data came from eight waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS). A hierarchical logistic Age-Period-Cohort (A-P-C) model was used to estimate the trend of gender disparity, and related disablement process factors were further decomposed by the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Our results found that women had higher disabilities than men. The age-based trend of gender disparity in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) continued to decline; that in Functional Limitation (FL) increased at first and then declined. The cohort-based trend of gender disparity in IADL showed a decreasing trend with each subsequent cohort; that in FL showed an increasing trend. Among the disablement process factors, health behaviors and social supports were the most important contributors to gender disparity in disability. The disability was higher for women than men, and the gender differences were attenuated at very old ages. To reduce gender disparities in disability, more attention should be paid to relevant factors of gender disparity in disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chaoping
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Cen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Li Xuyang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peigang Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Heinonen N, Lallukka T, Lahti J, Pietiläinen O, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Katainen A, Kouvonen A. Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Record Linkage Cohort Study Among 19- to 39-Year-Old Female Municipal Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:105-114. [PMID: 34723911 PMCID: PMC8812422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors. METHODS Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied. RESULTS Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD. CONCLUSION Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heinonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (Heinonen, Dr Nordquist, Dr Katainen, and Dr Kouvonen); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Dr Olli, Dr Nordquist, and Dr Mänty); South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland (Dr Nordquist); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland (Dr Mänty); Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK (Dr Kouvonen)
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Jones AM, Koehoorn M, Bültmann U, McLeod CB. Impact of anxiety and depression disorders on sustained return to work after work-related musculoskeletal strain or sprain: a gender stratified cohort study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:296-305. [PMID: 33744976 PMCID: PMC8091074 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of anxiety and depression disorders on sustained return to work (RTW) for men and women with musculoskeletal strain or sprain. Methods: Accepted lost-time claims for spine and upper-extremity strain or sprain were extracted for workers in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 2009 to 2013 (N=84 925). Pre-existing and new onset anxiety and depression disorders were identified using longitudinal health claims data. Probability of sustained RTW was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by gender and adjusted for potential confounders. Results: For pre-existing disorders, compared to men with no anxiety and no depression, men with anxiety only [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.93], depression only (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–1.00), and anxiety and depression (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97) had lower probabilities of sustained RTW in adjusted models. The same direction of effect was found for women, but anxiety only had a smaller effect size among women compared to men (HR anxiety only 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99; HR depression only 0.98, 95% CI 0.93–1.03, HR anxiety and depression 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.97). Among men and women, new onset disorders were associated with lower probability of sustained RTW and the effect estimates were larger than for pre-existing disorders. Conclusions: Findings suggest that workers’ compensation benefits and programs intended to improve RTW after musculoskeletal injury should take pre-existing and new onset anxiety and depression disorders into consideration and that gender-sensitive work disability strategies may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marie Jones
- School of Population and Public Health, 2206 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3.
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10
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Jones AM, Koehoorn M, Bültmann U, McLeod CB. Prevalence and risk factors for anxiety and depression disorders in workers with work-related musculoskeletal strain or sprain in British Columbia, Canada: a comparison of men and women using administrative health data. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:oemed-2020-106661. [PMID: 33483459 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and risk factors for medically treated anxiety and depression disorders among men and women with musculoskeletal strain or sprain work injury in British Columbia, Canada. METHODS A retrospective population-based cohort of accepted workers' compensation lost-time claims from 2000 to 2013 was constructed using linked administrative health data. Anxiety and depression disorders were identified using diagnoses from physician, hospital and pharmaceutical records. The 1-year period prevalence was estimated for the year before and the year after injury. Sociodemographic, clinical and work-related risk factors for prevalent and new onset anxiety and depression disorders were examined using multinomial regression. RESULTS 13.2% of men and 29.8% of women had medically treated anxiety, depression or both in the year before injury. Only a slight increase (~2%) in the prevalence of these disorders was observed in the year after injury. Somatic and mental comorbidities were both strong risk factors for pre-existing and new onset anxiety and depression for both men and women, but these relationships were stronger for men. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression disorders including those from prior to injury are common in workers with musculoskeletal strain or sprain and are associated with a complicated clinical profile. Gender-sensitive and sex-sensitive mental healthcare is an important consideration for work disability management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marie Jones
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mieke Koehoorn
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher B McLeod
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rainville JR, Hodes GE. Inflaming sex differences in mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:184-199. [PMID: 29955150 PMCID: PMC6235877 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Men and women often experience different symptoms or rates of occurrence for a variety of mood disorders. Many of the symptoms of mood disorders overlap with autoimmune disorders, which also have a higher prevalence in women. There is a growing interest in exploring the immune system to provide biomarkers for diagnosis of mood disorders, along with new targets for developing treatments. This review examines known sex differences in the immune system and their relationship to mood disorders. We focus on immune alterations associated with unipolar depression, bipolar depression, and anxiety disorders. We describe work from both basic and clinical research examining potential immune mechanisms thought to contribute to stress susceptibility and associated mood disorders. We propose that sex and age are important, intertwined factors that need to be included in future experimental designs if we are going to harness the power of the immune system to develop a new wave of treatments for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Rainville
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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12
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Lidwall U, Bill S, Palmer E, Olsson Bohlin C. Mental disorder sick leave in Sweden: A population study. Work 2018; 59:259-272. [PMID: 29355123 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inability to perform productive work due to mental disorders is a growing concern in advanced societies. OBJECTIVE To investigate medically certified mental disorder and all-cause sick leave in a working population using demographic, socioeconomic and occupational predictors. METHODS The study population was the entire Swedish work force aged 16-64 years in December 31st 2011. The outcome was sick leave exceeding 14 days in 2012 with adjustment for 13 confounders. RESULTS The risk of sick leave with a mental disorder is higher among women compared to men, among persons aged 30-39 and among parents in families with underage children. Employees in welfare service occupations within health care, education and social services have an elevated risk of mental disorder sick leave and constitute a large proportion of the workforce. CONCLUSION The results support the need for improving early detection and prevention of mental disorders in the workforce. Improvements in psychosocial work environments are essential, where the higher risk in female dominated welfare occupations particularly, have repercussions on the quality of the welfare services provided for vulnerable groups in society. Better work-life balance in families with younger children could also mitigate the effects of a high total workload in that particular phase of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lidwall
- Department for Analysis and Forecast, Swedish Social Insurance Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bill
- Department for Analysis and Forecast, Swedish Social Insurance Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward Palmer
- Department for Analysis and Forecast, Swedish Social Insurance Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Economics and Uppsala Center for Labor Studies, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Carmona NE, Subramaniapillai M, Mansur RB, Cha DS, Lee Y, Fus D, McIntyre RS. Sex differences in the mediators of functional disability in Major Depressive Disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:108-114. [PMID: 28992527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in discrete domains of psychopathology as mediators of functional disability among individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Adults (ages 18-65) with moderate-to-severe MDD (n = 100) and age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC; n = 100) participated in a clinical trial validating the THINC-integrated tool, a newly developed cognitive assessment tool for patients with MDD. Variables assessed as possible mediators included depression symptom severity, anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbance, perceived cognitive deficits, and objective cognitive performance. Functional disability was assessed using the total score on the Sheehan Disability Scale. Separate mediation analyses were conducted for men and women. No significant differences were detected between men and women on the assessed domains of psychopathology or functional disability (ps > 0.05). However, the mediation analyses demonstrated different patterns with respect to determinants of functional disability in MDD between men and women. Functional disability was mediated by anxiety (95% CI: -3.17, -0.28) and sleep disturbance (95% CI: -0.69, -0.05) among men and by depressive symptom severity (95% CI: -7.82, -0.32) among women. These preliminary results instantiate the need to dimensionalize psychopathology in MDD. Our results at least in part support the hypothesis that, consistent with the sex differences in the prevalence and illness presentation of MDD, determinants of functional outcomes also differ between men and women, underscoring the need to consider sex differences in order to improve functional outcomes in the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Carmona
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Cha
- Faculty of Medicine, Queensland University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominika Fus
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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van der Kooij MA, Hollis F, Lozano L, Zalachoras I, Abad S, Zanoletti O, Grosse J, Guillot de Suduiraut I, Canto C, Sandi C. Diazepam actions in the VTA enhance social dominance and mitochondrial function in the nucleus accumbens by activation of dopamine D1 receptors. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:569-578. [PMID: 28727688 PMCID: PMC5822450 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines can ameliorate social disturbances and increase social competition, particularly in high-anxious individuals. However, the neural circuits and mechanisms underlying benzodiazepines' effects in social competition are not understood. Converging evidence points to the mesolimbic system as a potential site of action for at least some benzodiazepine-mediated effects. Furthermore, mitochondrial function in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been causally implicated in the link between anxiety and social competitiveness. Here, we show that diazepam facilitates social dominance, ameliorating both the competitive disadvantage and low NAc mitochondrial function displayed by high-anxious rats, and identify the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a key site of action for direct diazepam effects. We also show that intra-VTA diazepam infusion increases accumbal dopamine and DOPAC, as well as activity of dopamine D1- but not D2-containing cells. In addition, intra-NAc infusion of a D1-, but not D2, receptor agonist facilitates social dominance and mitochondrial respiration. Conversely, intra-VTA diazepam actions on social dominance and NAc mitochondrial respiration are blocked by pharmacological NAc micro-infusion of a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor or an antagonist of D1 receptors. Our data support the view that diazepam disinhibits VTA dopaminergic neurons, leading to the release of dopamine into the NAc where activation of D1-signaling transiently facilitates mitochondrial function, that is, increased respiration and enhanced ATP levels, which ultimately enhances social competitive behavior. Therefore, our findings critically involve the mesolimbic system in the facilitating effects of diazepam on social competition and highlight mitochondrial function as a potential therapeutic target for anxiety-related social dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van der Kooij
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Hollis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Lozano
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Abad
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Guillot de Suduiraut
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. E-mail:
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15
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Pruessner M, Cullen AE, Aas M, Walker EF. The neural diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia revisited: An update on recent findings considering illness stage and neurobiological and methodological complexities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:191-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Belluscio LM, Alberca CD, Pregi N, Cánepa ET. Altered gene expression in hippocampus and depressive-like behavior in young adult female mice by early protein malnutrition. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:741-749. [PMID: 27555088 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal development represents a critical period in the life of an individual. A common cause of poor development is that which comes from undernutrition or malnutrition. In particular, protein deprivation during development has been shown to have deep deleterious effects on brain's growth and plasticity. Early-life stress has also been linked with an increased risk to develop different psychopathologies later in life. We have previously shown that perinatal protein malnutrition in mice leads to the appearance of anxiety-related behaviors in the adulthood. We also found evidence that the female offspring was more susceptible to the development of depression-related behaviors. In the present work, we further investigated this behavior together with its molecular bases. We focused our study on the hippocampus, as it is a structure involved in coping with stressful situations. We found an increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test in perinatally malnourished females, and an alteration in the expression of genes related with neuroplasticity, early growth response 1, calcineurin and c-fos. We also found that perinatal malnutrition causes a reduction in the number of neurons in the hippocampus. This reduction, together with altered gene expression, could be related to the increment in immobility time observed in the forced swimming test.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Belluscio
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C D Alberca
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - N Pregi
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Locklear MN, Michaelos M, Collins WF, Kritzer MF. Gonadectomy but not biological sex affects burst-firing in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area and in prefrontal cortical neurons projecting to the ventral tegmentum in adult rats. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:106-120. [PMID: 27564091 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems regulate cognitive and motivational processes and are strongly implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders in which these processes are disturbed. Sex differences and sex hormone modulation are also known for these dopamine-sensitive behaviours in health and disease. One relevant mechanism of hormone impact appears to be regulation of cortical and subcortical dopamine levels. This study asked whether this regulation of dopamine tone is a consequence of sex or sex hormone impact on the firing modes of ventral midbrain dopamine neurons. To address this, single unit extracellular recordings made in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra were compared among urethane-anaesthetized adult male, female, gonadectomized male rats. These comparisons showed that gonadectomy had no effect on nigral cells and no effects on pacemaker, bursty, single-spiking or random modes of dopamine activity in the ventral tegmental area. However, it did significantly and selectively increase burst firing in these cells in a testosterone-sensitive, estradiol-insensitive manner. Given the roles of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in modulating midbrain dopamine cell firing, we next asked whether gonadectomy's effects on dopamine cell bursting had correlated effects on the activity of ventral tegmentally projecting prefrontal cortical neurons. We found that gonadectomy indeed significantly and selectively increased burst firing in ventral tegmentally projecting but not neighbouring prefrontal cells. These effects were also androgen-sensitive. Together, these findings suggest a working model wherein androgen influence over the activity of PFC neurons regulates its top-down modulation of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems and related dopamine-sensitive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory N Locklear
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Michalis Michaelos
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - William F Collins
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
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18
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Dorner TE, Alexanderson K, Svedberg P, Tinghög P, Ropponen A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Synergistic effect between back pain and common mental disorders and the risk of future disability pension: a nationwide study from Sweden. Psychol Med 2016; 46:425-436. [PMID: 26467609 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171500197x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyse a possible synergistic effect between back pain and common mental disorders (CMDs) in relation to future disability pension (DP). METHOD All 4,823,069 individuals aged 16-64 years, living in Sweden in December 2004, not pensioned in 2005 and without ongoing sickness absence at the turn of 2004/2005 formed the cohort of this register-based study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for DP (2006-2010) were estimated. Exposure variables were back pain (M54) (sickness absence or inpatient or specialized outpatient care in 2005) and CMD (F40-F48) [sickness absence or inpatient or specialized outpatient care or antidepressants (N06a) in 2005]. RESULTS HRs for DP were 4.03 (95% CI 3.87-4.21) and 3.86 (95% CI 3.68-4.04) in women and men with back pain. HRs for DP in women and men with CMD were 4.98 (95% CI 4.88-5.08) and 6.05 (95% CI 5.90-6.21). In women and men with both conditions, HRs for DP were 15.62 (95% CI 14.40-16.94) and 19.84 (95% CI 17.94-21.94). In women, synergy index, relative excess risk due to interaction, and attributable proportion were 1.24 (95% CI 1.13-1.36), 0.18 (95% CI 0.11-0.25), and 2.08 (95% CI 1.09-3.06). The corresponding figures for men were 1.45 (95% CI 1.29-1.62), 0.29 (95% CI 0.22-0.36), and 4.21 (95% CI 2.71-5.70). CONCLUSIONS Co-morbidity of back pain and CMD is associated with a higher risk of DP than either individual condition, when added up, which has possible clinical implications to prevent further disability and exclusion from the labour market.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Dorner
- Institute of Social Medicine,Centre for Public Health,Medical University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria,Wien,Austria
| | - K Alexanderson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Division of Insurance Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - P Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Division of Insurance Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - P Tinghög
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Division of Insurance Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - A Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Topeliuksenkatu,Helsinki,Finland
| | - E Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Division of Insurance Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
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19
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Gender differences in 353 inpatients with acute psychosis: The experience of one Psychiatric Emergency Service of Turin. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:192-7. [PMID: 25890692 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate gender-related socio-demographic and clinical differences in a large sample of inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. A sample of 353 acute patients, consecutively hospitalized between January 2007 and December 2008 in the Psychiatric Emergency Service of the San Giovanni Battista Hospital, was recruited. Psychiatric assessment included the Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Differences between the groups were tested using chi-square test and ANOVA. Data were analyzed using a three-way MANOVA with the six BPRS scales with repeated measures for admission/discharge and BPRS total score baseline and independent groups for men and women. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was performed for CGI-S and GAF. Men were younger, more likely to be never married, more often substance abusers. Male patients showed both lower anxious-depressive and anergia symptom scores and higher activation symptom scores than female patients. Brief hospitalization was shown to be highly effective in both groups. Females showed a significantly better improvement in anergia and activation than males. The present evidence suggests that management of acute psychosis should target specific gender differences which should influence therapeutic approach in all its modalities.
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20
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Hoffmann S, Beyer C. Gonadal steroid hormones as therapeutic tools for brain trauma: the time is ripe for more courageous clinical trials to get into emergency medicine. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 146:1-2. [PMID: 25196186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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21
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Belluscio LM, Berardino BG, Ferroni NM, Ceruti JM, Cánepa ET. Early protein malnutrition negatively impacts physical growth and neurological reflexes and evokes anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Physiol Behav 2014; 129:237-54. [PMID: 24607933 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a worldwide problem affecting millions of unborn and young children during the most vulnerable stages of their development. In humans, poor maternal nutrition is a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction which is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. In addition, intrauterine growth restriction correlates with neurodevelopmental delays and alterations of brain structure and neurochemistry. While there is no doubt that maternal malnutrition is a principal cause of perturbed development of the fetal brain and that all nutrients have certain influence on brain maturation, proteins appear to be the most critical for the development of neurological functions. In the present study we assessed male and female mouse offspring, born to dams protein restricted during pregnancy and lactation, in physical growth and neurobehavioral development and also in social interaction, motivation, anxiety and depressive behaviors. Moreover, we evaluate the impact of the low protein diet on dams in relation to their maternal care and anxiety-related behavior given that these clearly affect pups development. We observed that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation delayed the physical growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring in a sex-independent manner. In addition, maternal undernutrition negatively affected offspring's juvenile social play, motivation, exploratory activity and risk assessment behaviors. These findings show that protein restriction during critical periods of development detrimentally program progeny behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Belluscio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadina M Ferroni
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta M Ceruti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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22
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Disruption of social bonds induces behavioral and physiological dysregulation in male and female prairie voles. Auton Neurosci 2013; 180:9-16. [PMID: 24161576 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The social disruption of losing a partner may have particularly strong adverse effects on psychological and physiological functioning. More specifically, social stressors may play a mediating role in the association between mood disorders and cardiovascular dysfunction. This study investigated the hypothesis that the disruption of established social bonds between male and female prairie voles would produce depressive behaviors and cardiac dysregulation, coupled with endocrine and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. In Experiment 1, behaviors related to depression, cardiac function, and autonomic nervous system regulation were monitored in male prairie voles during social bonding with a female partner, social isolation from the bonded partner, and a behavioral stressor. Social isolation produced depressive behaviors, increased heart rate, heart rhythm dysregulation, and autonomic imbalance characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic drive to the heart. In Experiment 2, behaviors related to depression and endocrine function were measured following social bonding and social isolation in both male and female prairie voles. Social isolation produced similar levels of depressive behaviors in both sexes, as well as significant elevations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone. These alterations in behavioral and physiological functioning provide insight into the mechanisms by which social stressors negatively influence emotional and cardiovascular health in humans.
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Balhara YPS, Gauba D, Deshpande SN. Profile difference between male and female psychiatric patients seeking certificate of disability. Oman Med J 2012; 26:410-5. [PMID: 22253949 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric disorders are one of the major contributors to the global burden of disease and disability. Issue of disability in psychiatric disorders has been studied across multiple studies in India. However, there are no reports on the profile and nature of disability among those seeking disability certificates. The current study aims at understanding the socio-clinical profile of patients seeking disability certificate in a tertiary care hospital in India. METHODS The study was carried out in the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care multispecialty teaching hospital. A chart review of the records of the patients referred for disability evaluation over a one year period was conducted. The disability was assessed using IDEAS. In between group comparisons were carried out for male and female subjects for different socio-demographic variables, IDEAS total score and individuals item score using independent sample t test (parametric test) and Mann Whitney-U test (non parametric test). Additionally, Spearman's rank order correlation was calculated to establish the level of correlation between total IDEAS score and score on individual items of the scale. RESULTS The subjects were diagnosed to have been suffering from mental retardation 107 (61.8%), schizophrenia 54 (31.2%), dementia 5 (2.9%), bipolar affective disorder 4 (2.3%) and obsessive compulsive disorder 3 (1.7%) as per ICD-10. Male and female subjects differed significantly on the global IDEAS score. The total score was significantly higher for male subjects compared to female subjects. The difference was statistically significant for "self care" and interpersonal activities items of the scale with male subjects having higher disability scores. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides some important insights into profile of disability certificate seeking individuals in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Department of Psychiatry and De-addiction Lady Hardinge Medical College and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India
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24
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Melo TG, Izídio GS, Ferreira LS, Sousa DS, Macedo PT, Cabral A, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH. Antidepressants differentially modify the extinction of an aversive memory task in female rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:33-40. [PMID: 22310225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychopathologies with antidepressants can be associated with improvement of the cognitive deficits related to these disorders. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not completely elucidated, alterations in the extinction of aversive memories are believed to play a role in these psychopathologies. We have recently verified that female rats present low levels of extinction when submitted to the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task. In the present study, female rats were treated long term with clinically used antidepressants (fluoxetine, nortriptyline or mirtazapine) and subjected to the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task to evaluate learning, memory, extinction and anxiety-related behaviors as well as behavioral despair in the forced swimming test. All groups learned the task and exhibited retrieval. Chronic treatment with fluoxetine (but not with the other antidepressants tested) increased extinction of the discriminative task. In the forced swimming test, the animals treated with fluoxetine and mirtazapine showed decreased immobility duration. In conclusion, fluoxetine potentiated extinction, while both fluoxetine and mirtazapine were effective in ameliorating depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test, suggesting a possible dissociation between the effects on mood and the extinction of aversive memories in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thieza G Melo
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte, Natal, Brazil
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