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Huang P, Arlet ME, Balasubramaniam KN, Beisner BA, Bliss-Moreau E, Brent LJN, Duboscq J, García-Nisa I, Kaburu SSK, Kendal R, Konečná M, Marty PR, McCowan B, Micheletta J, Ostner J, Schülke O, Schino G, Majolo B. Relationship between dominance hierarchy steepness and rank-relatedness of benefits in primates. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae066. [PMID: 39193469 PMCID: PMC11347755 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In animal social groups, the extent to which individuals consistently win agonistic interactions and their ability to monopolize resources represent 2 core aspects of their competitive regime. However, whether these two aspects are closely correlated within groups has rarely been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hierarchy steepness, which is generally used to represent power differentials between group members, predicts the variation in the distribution of fitness-related benefits (i.e. fecundity, infant survival, mating success, and feeding success) in relation to individual dominance ranks. We tested this hypothesis in primate groups using comparative phylogenetic meta-analytical techniques. Specifically, we reviewed published and unpublished studies to extract data on individual dominance ranks, their access to fitness-related benefits, and hierarchy steepness. We collected and included in our analysis a total of 153 data points, representing 27 species (including 2 chimpanzee sub-species). From these, we used 4 common methods to measure individual dominance ranks and hierarchy steepness, i.e. D ij -based normalized David's scores, randomized Elo-ratings, and David's scores and Elo-ratings estimated in Bayesian frameworks. We found that hierarchy steepness had no effect on the strength of the relationship between dominance rank and access to fitness-related benefits. Our results suggest that hierarchy steepness does not reflect between-group variation in the extent to which individual dominance affects the acquisition of fitness-related benefits in primates. Although the ability to win agonistic encounters is essential, we speculate that other behavioral strategies adopted by individuals may play crucial roles in resource acquisition in animal competitive regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Huang
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln, LN5 7AY, United Kingdom
- School of Ecology, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Malgorzata E Arlet
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krishna N Balasubramaniam
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United Kingdom
| | - Brianne A Beisner
- Animal Resources Division, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Duboscq
- Unité Eco‑Anthropologie (EA), UMR 7206, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Musée de l’Homme 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iván García-Nisa
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano S K Kaburu
- School of Animal, Rural & Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kendal
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Konečná
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal R Marty
- Wildlife Park Goldau, Parkstrasse 38, CH-6410 Goldau, Switzerland
| | - Brenda McCowan
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jérôme Micheletta
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Social Evolution in Primates Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Social Evolution in Primates Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Bonaventura Majolo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln, LN5 7AY, United Kingdom
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2
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Brisco E, Kulinskaya E, Koricheva J. Assessment of temporal instability in the applied ecology and conservation evidence base. Res Synth Methods 2024; 15:398-412. [PMID: 38111354 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes of meta-analyses are increasingly used to inform evidence-based decision making in various research fields. However, a number of recent studies have reported rapid temporal changes in magnitude and significance of the reported effects which could make policy-relevant recommendations from meta-analyses to quickly go out of date. We assessed the extent and patterns of temporal trends in magnitude and statistical significance of the cumulative effects in meta-analyses in applied ecology and conservation published between 2004 and 2018. Of the 121 meta-analyses analysed, 93% showed a temporal trend in cumulative effect magnitude or significance with 27% of the datasets exhibiting temporal trends in both. The most common trend was the early study effect when at least one of the first 5 years effect size estimates exhibited more than 50% magnitude difference to the subsequent estimate. The observed temporal trends persisted in majority of datasets once moderators were accounted for. Only 5 datasets showed significant changes in sample size over time which could potentially explain the observed temporal change in the cumulative effects. Year of publication of meta-analysis had no significant effect on presence of temporal trends in cumulative effects. Our results show that temporal changes in magnitude and statistical significance in applied ecology are widespread and represent a serious potential threat to use of meta-analyses for decision-making in conservation and environmental management. We recommend use of cumulative meta-analyses and call for more studies exploring the causes of the temporal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Elena Kulinskaya
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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3
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Feijen F, Buser C, Klappert K, Jokela J. Parasite infection and the movement of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum along a depth cline. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10124. [PMID: 37261317 PMCID: PMC10227174 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasite species that use two or more host species during their life cycle depend on successful transmission between these species. These successive host species may have different habitat requirements. For example, one host species may be aquatic while the other is terrestrial. To overcome this complicating factor in transmission, a wide diversity of parasite species have adaptations that alter the habitat preference in one host species to facilitate transmission to the next host species.Two common trematode parasites in New Zealand, Atriophallophorus winterbourni and Notocotylus spp., both have a life cycle with two host species. The aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is the intermediate host, from which the parasites require transmission to dabbling ducks or other waterfowl. Of these parasites, A. winterbourni is most frequently found in snails from the shallow-water margin. This may indicate parasite-induced movement of infected snails into the foraging habitat of dabbling ducks.To test whether the parasites manipulate the snails to move into shallow water, we stretched tubular mesh cages across depth-specific ecological habitat zones in a lake. Both infected and healthy snails were released into the cages. After 11 days, significantly higher infection frequencies of A. winterbourni were retrieved from the shallowest end of the cages, while Notocotylus spp. frequencies did not vary with depth.The hypothesis that A. winterbourni induces its snail host to move into the shallow-water habitat cannot be rejected based on the experimental results. Although further research is needed to address alternative explanations, the depth preference of infected snails may be due to a parasite adaptation that facilitates trophic transmission of parasites to dabbling ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Feijen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Buser
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten Klappert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
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4
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An X, Zhang W, Ye C, Smagghe G, Wang JJ, Niu J. Discovery of a widespread presence bunyavirus that may have symbiont-like relationships with different species of aphids. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1120-1134. [PMID: 34874617 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are important agricultural pests, vectors of many plant viruses and have sophisticated relationships with symbiotic microorganisms. Abundant asymptomatic RNA viruses have been reported in aphids due to the application of RNA-seq, but aphid-virus interactions remain unclear. Bunyavirales is the most abundant RNA virus order, which can infect mammals, arthropods, and plants. However, many bunyaviruses have specific hosts, such as insects. Here, we discovered 18 viruses from 10 aphid species by RNA-seq. Importantly, a widespread presence bunyavirus, Aphid bunyavirus 1 (ABV-1), was determined to have a wide host range, infecting and replicating in all 10 tested aphid species. ABV-1 may be transmitted horizontally during feeding on plant leaves and vertically through reproduction. In a comparison of the physiological parameters of ABV-1high and ABV-1low strains of pea aphid, higher ABV-1 titers reduced the total nymphal duration and induced the reproduction. Moreover, viral titer significantly affected the lipid and protein contents in pea aphids. In summary, we proposed that ABV-1 may have stable symbiont-like relationships with aphids, and these observations may provide a new direction for studying bunyaviruses in aphids and establishing a model for virus-aphid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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5
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How cunning is the puppet-master? Cestode-infected fish appear generally fearless. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1305-1315. [PMID: 35307765 PMCID: PMC8993785 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trophically transmitted parasites have life cycles that require the infected host to be eaten by the correct type of predator. Such parasites should benefit from an ability to suppress the host’s fear of predators, but if the manipulation is imprecise the consequence may be increased predation by non-hosts, to the detriment of the parasite. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infected by the cestode Schistocephalus solidus express reduced antipredator behaviours, but it is unknown whether this is an example of a highly precise manipulation, a more general manipulation, or if it can even be attributed to mere side effects of disease. In a series of experiments, we investigated several behaviours of infected and uninfected sticklebacks. As expected, they had weak responses to simulated predatory attacks compared to uninfected fish. However, our results suggest that the parasite induced a general fearlessness, rather than a precise manipulation aimed at the correct predators (birds). Infected fish had reduced responses also when attacked from the side and when exposed to odour from a fish predator, which is a “dead-end” for this parasite. We also tested whether the reduced anti-predator behaviours were mere symptoms of a decreased overall vigour, or due to parasite-induced hunger, but we found no support for these ideas. We propose that even imprecise manipulations of anti-predator behaviours may benefit parasites, for example, if other behaviours are altered in a way that increases the exposure to the correct predator.
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6
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Costello L, Fox JW. Decline effects are rare in ecology. Ecology 2022; 103:e3680. [PMID: 35302660 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence base on any given topic changes over time as more studies are published. Currently, there is widespread concern about non-random, directional changes over time in the scientific evidence base associated with many topics. In particular, if studies finding large effects (e.g., large differences between treatment and control means) tend to get published quickly, while small effects tend to get published slowly, the net result will be a decrease over time in the estimated magnitude of the mean effect size, known as a "decline effect". If decline effects are common, then the published scientific literature will provide a biased and misleading guide to management decisions, and to the allocation of future research effort. We compiled data from 466 meta-analyses in ecology to look for evidence of decline effects. We found that decline effects are rare. Only ~5% of ecological meta-analyses truly exhibit a directional change in mean effect size over time arising for some reason other than random chance, usually but not always in the direction of decline. Most apparent directional changes in mean effect size over time are attributable to regression to the mean, consistent with primary studies being published in random order with respect to the effect sizes they report. Our results are good news: decline effects are the exception to the rule in ecology. Identifying and rectifying rare cases of true decline effects remains an important task, but ecologists should not overgeneralize from anecdotal reports of decline effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costello
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy W Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Demandt N, Bierbach D, Kurvers RHJM, Krause J, Kurtz J, Scharsack JP. Parasite infection impairs the shoaling behaviour of uninfected shoal members under predator attack. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A key benefit of sociality is a reduction in predation risk. Cohesive group behaviour and rapid collective decision making are essential for reducing predation risk in groups. Parasite infection might reduce an individuals’ grouping behaviours and thereby change the behaviour of the group as a whole. To investigate the relationship between parasite infection and grouping behaviours, we studied groups of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, varying the number of individuals experimentally infected with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus. We studied groups of six sticklebacks containing 0, 2, 3, 4 or 6 infected individuals before and after a simulated bird attack. We predicted that infected individuals would have reduced shoaling and swimming speed and that the presence of infected individuals within a group would reduce group cohesion and speed. Uninfected fish increased shoaling and reduced swimming speed more than infected fish after the bird attack. In groups containing both infected and uninfected fish, the group behaviours were dominated by the more frequent character (uninfected versus infected). Interestingly, groups with equal numbers of uninfected and infected fish showed the least shoaling and had the lowest swimming speeds, suggesting that these groups failed to generate a majority and therefore displayed signs of indecisiveness by reducing their swimming speed the most. Our results provide evidence for a negative effect of infection on a group’s shoaling behaviour, thereby potentially deteriorating collective decision making. The presence of infected individuals might thus have far-reaching consequences in natural populations under predation risk.
Significance statement
Parasite-infected individuals often show deviating group behaviours. This might reduce the anti-predator benefits of group living. However, it is unknown whether such deviations in group behaviour might influence the shoaling behaviour of uninfected group members and thereby the behaviour of the group as a whole. By experimentally infecting sticklebacks and investigating groups varying in infection rates, we show that infected sticklebacks differ in their shoaling behaviours from uninfected sticklebacks. Additionally, the presence of infected sticklebacks within the group affected the behaviour of uninfected shoal members. We show that shoals of infected fish are less cohesive and move slower compared to shoals of uninfected fish. Furthermore, we show that the infection rate of the shoal is crucial for how the group behaves.
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Pecina P, Vidlička Ľ, Majtán J, Purkart A, Prokop P. Why do zombies clean themselves? An initial test of the antimicrobial hypothesis in a parasite‐host relationship. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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The Adaptiveness of Host Behavioural Manipulation Assessed Using Tinbergen's Four Questions. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:597-609. [PMID: 33568325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Host organisms show altered phenotypic reactions when parasitised, some of which result from adaptive host manipulation, a phenomenon that has long been debated. Here, we provide an overview and discuss the rationale in distinguishing adaptive versus nonadaptive host behavioural manipulation. We discuss Poulin's criteria of adaptive host behavioural manipulation within the context of Tinbergen's four questions of ethology, while highlighting the importance of both the proximate and evolutionary explanations of such traits. We also provide guidelines for future studies exploring the adaptiveness of host behavioural manipulation. Through this article, we seek to encourage researchers to consider both the proximate and ultimate causes of host behavioural manipulation to infer on the adaptiveness of such traits.
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10
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Doherty JF. When fiction becomes fact: exaggerating host manipulation by parasites. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201081. [PMID: 33049168 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where some find fake news around every corner, the use of sensationalism has inevitably found its way into the scientific literature. This is especially the case for host manipulation by parasites, a phenomenon in which a parasite causes remarkable change in the appearance or behaviour of its host. This concept, which has deservedly garnered popular interest throughout the world in recent years, is nearly 50 years old. In the past two decades, the use of scientific metaphors, including anthropomorphisms and science fiction, to describe host manipulation has become more and more prevalent. It is possible that the repeated use of such catchy, yet misleading words in both the popular media and the scientific literature could unintentionally hamper our understanding of the complexity and extent of host manipulation, ultimately shaping its narrative in part or in full. In this commentary, the impacts of exaggerating host manipulation are brought to light by examining trends in the use of embellishing words. By looking at key examples of exaggerated claims from widely reported host-parasite systems found in the recent scientific literature, it would appear that some of the fiction surrounding host manipulation has since become fact.
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11
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Gutiérrez-López R, Bourret V, Loiseau C. Is Host Selection by Mosquitoes Driving Vector Specificity of Parasites? A Review on the Avian Malaria Model. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.569230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Cozzarolo CS, Glaizot O, Christe P, Pigeault R. Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.568140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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13
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Pecina P, Vidlička Ľ, Prokop P. Testing adaptive significance of host manipulation with a parasitoid wasp. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pecina
- Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Vidlička
- Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Environmental Ecology Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
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14
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Fayard M, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Wattier R, Perrot-Minnot MJ. Magnitude and direction of parasite-induced phenotypic alterations: a meta-analysis in acanthocephalans. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1233-1251. [PMID: 32342653 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several parasite species have the ability to modify their host's phenotype to their own advantage thereby increasing the probability of transmission from one host to another. This phenomenon of host manipulation is interpreted as the expression of a parasite extended phenotype. Manipulative parasites generally affect multiple phenotypic traits in their hosts, although both the extent and adaptive significance of such multidimensionality in host manipulation is still poorly documented. To review the multidimensionality and magnitude of host manipulation, and to understand the causes of variation in trait value alteration, we performed a phylogenetically corrected meta-analysis, focusing on a model taxon: acanthocephalan parasites. Acanthocephala is a phylum of helminth parasites that use vertebrates as final hosts and invertebrates as intermediate hosts, and is one of the few parasite groups for which manipulation is predicted to be ancestral. We compiled 279 estimates of parasite-induced alterations in phenotypic trait value, from 81 studies and 13 acanthocephalan species, allocating a sign to effect size estimates according to the direction of alteration favouring parasite transmission, and grouped traits by category. Phylogenetic inertia accounted for a low proportion of variation in effect sizes. The overall average alteration of trait value was moderate and positive when considering the expected effect of alterations on trophic transmission success (signed effect sizes, after the onset of parasite infectivity to the final host). Variation in the alteration of trait value was affected by the category of phenotypic trait, with the largest alterations being reversed taxis/phobia and responses to stimuli, and increased vulnerability to predation, changes to reproductive traits (behavioural or physiological castration) and immunosuppression. Parasite transmission would thereby be facilitated mainly by changing mainly the choice of micro-habitat and the anti-predation behaviour of infected hosts, and by promoting energy-saving strategies in the host. In addition, infection with larval stages not yet infective to definitive hosts (acanthella) tends to induce opposite effects of comparable magnitude to infection with the infective stage (cystacanth), although this result should be considered with caution due to the low number of estimates with acanthella. This analysis raises important issues that should be considered in future studies investigating the adaptive significance of host manipulation, not only in acanthocephalans but also in other taxa. Specifically, the contribution of phenotypic traits to parasite transmission and the range of taxonomic diversity covered deserve thorough attention. In addition, the relationship between behaviour and immunity across parasite developmental stages and host-parasite systems (the neuropsychoimmune hypothesis of host manipulation), still awaits experimental evidence. Most of these issues apply more broadly to reported cases of host manipulation by other groups of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fayard
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
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15
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Porras MF, Navas CA, Marden JH, Mescher MC, De Moraes CM, Pincebourde S, Sandoval-Mojica A, Raygoza-Garay JA, Holguin GA, Rajotte EG, Carlo TA. Enhanced heat tolerance of viral-infected aphids leads to niche expansion and reduced interspecific competition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1184. [PMID: 32132537 PMCID: PMC7055324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens are known to alter the phenotypes of their primary hosts and vectors, with implications for disease transmission as well as ecology. Here we show that a plant virus, barley yellow dwarf virus, increases the surface temperature of infected host plants (by an average of 2 °C), while also significantly enhancing the thermal tolerance of its aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi (by 8 °C). This enhanced thermal tolerance, which was associated with differential upregulation of three heat-shock protein genes, allowed aphids to occupy higher and warmer regions of infected host plants when displaced from cooler regions by competition with a larger aphid species, R. maidis. Infection thereby led to an expansion of the fundamental niche of the vector. These findings show that virus effects on the thermal biology of hosts and vectors can influence their interactions with one another and with other, non-vector organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzy F Porras
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Carlos A Navas
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Butanta, 05508090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James H Marden
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mark C Mescher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo M De Moraes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Andrés Sandoval-Mojica
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | | | - German A Holguin
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tomás A Carlo
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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16
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Herbison R, Evans S, Doherty JF, Algie M, Kleffmann T, Poulin R. A molecular war: convergent and ontogenetic evidence for adaptive host manipulation in related parasites infecting divergent hosts. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191827. [PMID: 31744433 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mermithids (phylum Nematoda) and hairworms (phylum Nematomorpha) somehow drive their arthropod hosts into water, which is essential for the worms' survival after egression. The mechanisms behind this behavioural change have been investigated in hairworms, but not in mermithids. Establishing a similar mechanistic basis for host behavioural change between these two distantly related parasitic groups would provide strong convergent evidence for adaptive manipulation and insight into how these parasites modify and/or create behaviour. Here, we search for this convergence, and also contrast changes in physiology between hosts infected with immature and mature mermithids to provide the first ontogenetic evidence for adaptive manipulation by disentangling host response and pathology from the parasite's apparent manipulative effects. We used SWATH-mass spectrometry on brains of Forficula auricularia (earwig) and Bellorchestia quoyana (sandhopper), infected with the mermithids Mermis nigrescens and Thaumamermis zealandica, respectively, at both immature and mature stages of infection, to quantify proteomic changes resulting from mermithid infection. Across both hosts (and hairworm-infected hosts, from earlier studies), the general function of dysregulated proteins was conserved. Proteins involved in energy generation/mobilization were dysregulated, corroborating reports of erratic/hyperactive behaviour in infected hosts. Dysregulated proteins involved in axon/dendrite and synapse modulation were also common to all hosts, suggesting neuronal manipulation is involved in inducing positive hydrotaxis. Furthermore, downregulation of CamKII and associated proteins suggest manipulation of memory also contributes to the behavioural shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Herbison
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Steven Evans
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael Algie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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17
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Sato T, Iritani R, Sakura M. Host manipulation by parasites as a cryptic driver of energy flow through food webs. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 33:69-76. [PMID: 31358198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulative parasites alter predator-prey interactions, and thus may facilitate, shift or create energy flow pathways through food webs (referred to hereafter as manipulation-mediated energy flow, MMEF). The ecological significance of MMEF would be determined not only by the strength of host manipulation, but also ecological and epidemiological factors, including host biomass, parasite incidence, and trophic position of the host-parasite association in their food webs. While previous theory has predicted that strong manipulation will destabilize host-parasite dynamics, a recently proposed theoretical framework claims that a switching strategy (sequential manipulation from predation suppression to enhancement) should allow parasites to induce strong predation enhancement and thus large MMEF. We formally outline the current and future directions to better understand the causes and consequences of MMEF across biological hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sato
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Iritani
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Midori Sakura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, Japan
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18
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Sánchez-Tójar A, Nakagawa S, Sánchez-Fortún M, Martin DA, Ramani S, Girndt A, Bókony V, Kempenaers B, Liker A, Westneat DF, Burke T, Schroeder J. Meta-analysis challenges a textbook example of status signalling and demonstrates publication bias. eLife 2018; 7:37385. [PMID: 30420005 PMCID: PMC6234027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The status signalling hypothesis aims to explain within-species variation in ornamentation by suggesting that some ornaments signal dominance status. Here, we use multilevel meta-analytic models to challenge the textbook example of this hypothesis, the black bib of male house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We conducted a systematic review, and obtained primary data from published and unpublished studies to test whether dominance rank is positively associated with bib size across studies. Contrary to previous studies, the overall effect size (i.e. meta-analytic mean) was small and uncertain. Furthermore, we found several biases in the literature that further question the support available for the status signalling hypothesis. We discuss several explanations including pleiotropic, population- and context-dependent effects. Our findings call for reconsidering this established textbook example in evolutionary and behavioural ecology, and should stimulate renewed interest in understanding within-species variation in ornamental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Moisès Sánchez-Fortún
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic A Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Sukanya Ramani
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Antje Girndt
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - András Liker
- MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - David F Westneat
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
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19
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de Vries LJ, van Langevelde F. Two different strategies of host manipulation allow parasites to persist in intermediate-definitive host systems. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:393-404. [PMID: 29282789 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trophically transmitted parasites start their development in an intermediate host, before they finish the development in their definitive host when the definitive host preys on the intermediate host. In intermediate-definitive host systems, two strategies of host manipulation have been evolved: increasing the rate of transmission to the definitive host by increasing the chance that the definitive host will prey on the intermediate host, or increasing the lifespan of the parasite in the intermediate host by decreasing the predation chance when the intermediate host is not yet infectious. As the second strategy is less well studied than the first, it is unknown under what conditions each of these strategies is prevailed and evolved. We analysed the effect of both strategies on the presence of parasites in intermediate-definitive host systems with a structured population model. We show that the parasite can increase the parameter space where it can persist in the intermediate-definitive host system using one of these two strategies of host manipulation. We found that when the intermediate host or the definitive host has life-history traits that allow the definitive host to reach large population densities, that is high reproduction rate of the intermediate host or high conversion efficiency of the definitive host (efficiency at which the uninfected definitive host converts caught intermediate hosts into offspring), respectively, evolving manipulation to decrease the predation chance of the intermediate host will be more beneficial than manipulation to increase the predation chance to enhance transmission. Furthermore, manipulation to decrease the predation chance of the intermediate host results in higher population densities of infected intermediate hosts than manipulation that increases the predation chance to enhance transmission. Our study shows that host manipulation in early stages of the parasite development to decrease predation might be a more frequently evolved way of host manipulation than is currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J de Vries
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F van Langevelde
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Bohn SJ, Webber QMR, Florko KRN, Paslawski KR, Peterson AM, Piche JE, Menzies AK, Willis CKR. Personality predicts ectoparasite abundance in an asocial sciurid. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby J. Bohn
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Quinn M. R. Webber
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Katie R. N. Florko
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Katlyn R. Paslawski
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Amelia M. Peterson
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Julia E. Piche
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Allyson K. Menzies
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR); University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
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21
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Binning SA, Shaw AK, Roche DG. Parasites and Host Performance: Incorporating Infection into Our Understanding of Animal Movement. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:267-280. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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22
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Noble DWA, Lagisz M, O'dea RE, Nakagawa S. Nonindependence and sensitivity analyses in ecological and evolutionary meta-analyses. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2410-2425. [PMID: 28133832 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analysis is an important tool for synthesizing research on a variety of topics in ecology and evolution, including molecular ecology, but can be susceptible to nonindependence. Nonindependence can affect two major interrelated components of a meta-analysis: (i) the calculation of effect size statistics and (ii) the estimation of overall meta-analytic estimates and their uncertainty. While some solutions to nonindependence exist at the statistical analysis stages, there is little advice on what to do when complex analyses are not possible, or when studies with nonindependent experimental designs exist in the data. Here we argue that exploring the effects of procedural decisions in a meta-analysis (e.g. inclusion of different quality data, choice of effect size) and statistical assumptions (e.g. assuming no phylogenetic covariance) using sensitivity analyses are extremely important in assessing the impact of nonindependence. Sensitivity analyses can provide greater confidence in results and highlight important limitations of empirical work (e.g. impact of study design on overall effects). Despite their importance, sensitivity analyses are seldom applied to problems of nonindependence. To encourage better practice for dealing with nonindependence in meta-analytic studies, we present accessible examples demonstrating the impact that ignoring nonindependence can have on meta-analytic estimates. We also provide pragmatic solutions for dealing with nonindependent study designs, and for analysing dependent effect sizes. Additionally, we offer reporting guidelines that will facilitate disclosure of the sources of nonindependence in meta-analyses, leading to greater transparency and more robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W A Noble
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Rose E O'dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Nissen SB, Magidson T, Gross K, Bergstrom CT. Publication bias and the canonization of false facts. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27995896 PMCID: PMC5173326 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Science is facing a “replication crisis” in which many experimental findings cannot be replicated and are likely to be false. Does this imply that many scientific facts are false as well? To find out, we explore the process by which a claim becomes fact. We model the community’s confidence in a claim as a Markov process with successive published results shifting the degree of belief. Publication bias in favor of positive findings influences the distribution of published results. We find that unless a sufficient fraction of negative results are published, false claims frequently can become canonized as fact. Data-dredging, p-hacking, and similar behaviors exacerbate the problem. Should negative results become easier to publish as a claim approaches acceptance as a fact, however, true and false claims would be more readily distinguished. To the degree that the model reflects the real world, there may be serious concerns about the validity of purported facts in some disciplines. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21451.001
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tali Magidson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kevin Gross
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
| | - Carl T Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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24
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Stephens J. Longitudinal Stability of Effect Sizes in Education Research. JOURNAL OF MODERN APPLIED STATISTICAL METHODS 2016. [DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1478001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Lei W, Li P, Han Y, Gong S, Yang L, Hou M. EPG Recordings Reveal Differential Feeding Behaviors in Sogatella furcifera in Response to Plant Virus Infection and Transmission Success. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30240. [PMID: 27492995 PMCID: PMC4974502 DOI: 10.1038/srep30240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are primarily transmitted by insect vectors and virus infection may influence on the vectors' feeding behaviors. Using an electrical penetration graph, we detected that infection with the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) in the white-backed planthopper (WBPH) and in rice plants both altered the vector's feeding behavior. When viruliferous WBPH (carrying SRBSDV) were fed on uninfected plants, they spent more time in salivation and phloem sap ingestion than non-viruliferous insects. In comparison with uninfected plants, infected plants showed an arrestant effect on non-viruliferous WBPH for phloem sap ingestion. Differential feeding behaviors were also detected between the WBPH that inoculated or acquired SRBSDV and those that failed to. The WBPH that inoculated SRBSDV exhibited more probing bouts, salivation events and phloem sap ingestion events and longer salivation than those that failed to. The WBPH that acquired SRBSDV were quicker to reach phloem and spent more time in phloem sap ingestion than those that failed to. These behavior alterations in the vector may have adaptive advantages for SRBSDV transmission and spread success because greater salivation by viruliferous vectors on uninfected hosts will promote virus inoculation, whereas more sap ingestion by non-viruliferous vectors on infected hosts will promote virus acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yongqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Maolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
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26
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27
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Shirakashi S, Goater CP. Brain-encysting parasites affect visually-mediated behaviours of fathead minnows. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2001.11682655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Beros S, Jongepier E, Hagemeier F, Foitzik S. The parasite's long arm: a tapeworm parasite induces behavioural changes in uninfected group members of its social host. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151473. [PMID: 26582019 PMCID: PMC4685803 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites can induce alterations in host phenotypes in order to enhance their own survival and transmission. Parasites of social insects might not only benefit from altering their individual hosts, but also from inducing changes in uninfected group members. Temnothorax nylanderi ant workers infected with the tapeworm Anomotaenia brevis are known to be chemically distinct from nest-mates and do not contribute to colony fitness, but are tolerated in their colonies and well cared for. Here, we investigated how tapeworm- infected workers affect colony aggression by manipulating their presence in ant colonies and analysing whether their absence or presence resulted in behavioural alterations in their nest-mates. We report a parasite-induced shift in colony aggression, shown by lower aggression of uninfected nest-mates from parasitized colonies towards conspecifics, potentially explaining the tolerance towards infected ants. We also demonstrate that tapeworm-infected workers showed a reduced flight response and higher survival, while their presence caused a decrease in survival of uninfected nest-mates. This anomalous behaviour of infected ants, coupled with their increased survival, could facilitate the parasites' transmission to its definitive hosts, woodpeckers. We conclude that parasites exploiting individuals that are part of a society not only induce phenotypic changes within their individual hosts, but in uninfected group members as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beros
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johannes von Müller Weg 6, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Evelien Jongepier
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johannes von Müller Weg 6, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Felizitas Hagemeier
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johannes von Müller Weg 6, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johannes von Müller Weg 6, Mainz 55128, Germany
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29
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Host Manipulation by Parasites: A Look Back Before Moving Forward. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:563-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Jachowski DS, Singh NJ. Toward a mechanistic understanding of animal migration: incorporating physiological measurements in the study of animal movement. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 3:cov035. [PMID: 27293720 PMCID: PMC4778435 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Movements are a consequence of an individual's motion and navigational capacity, internal state variables and the influence of external environmental conditions. Although substantial advancements have been made in methods of measuring and quantifying variation in motion capacity, navigational capacity and external environmental parameters in recent decades, the role of internal state in animal migration (and in movement in general) is comparatively little studied. Recent studies of animal movement in the wild illustrate how direct physiological measurements can improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying movement decisions. In this review, we synthesize and provide examples of how recent technical advances in the physiology-related fields of energetics, nutrition, endocrinology, immunology and ecotoxicology provide opportunities for direct measurements of physiological state in the study of animal movement. We then propose a framework for practitioners to enable better integration of studies of physiological state into animal movement ecology by assessing the mechanistic role played by physiology as both a driver and a modulator of movement. Finally, we highlight the current limitations and research priorities for better integration of direct measurements of animal physiological state into the study of animal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 258 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, SA
| | - Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
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31
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Swan DC, Zanette LY, Clinchy M. Brood parasites manipulate their hosts: experimental evidence for the farming hypothesis. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Fereres A. Insect vectors as drivers of plant virus emergence. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 10:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Parker GA, Ball MA, Chubb JC. Evolution of complex life cycles in trophically transmitted helminths. II. How do life-history stages adapt to their hosts? J Evol Biol 2015; 28:292-304. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Parker
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - M. A. Ball
- Mathematical Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - J. C. Chubb
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
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34
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Nakagawa S, Poulin R, Mengersen K, Reinhold K, Engqvist L, Lagisz M, Senior AM. Meta‐analysis of variation: ecological and evolutionary applications and beyond. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology University of Otago 340 Great King Street Dunedin 9054New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology University of Otago 340 Great King Street Dunedin 9054New Zealand
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- Science and Engineering Faculty Mathematical Sciences Statistical Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Klaus Reinhold
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Leif Engqvist
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Department of Zoology University of Otago 340 Great King Street Dunedin 9054New Zealand
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- Department of Zoology University of Otago 340 Great King Street Dunedin 9054New Zealand
- The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Tellez G. Prokaryotes Versus Eukaryotes: Who is Hosting Whom? Front Vet Sci 2014; 1:3. [PMID: 26664911 PMCID: PMC4668860 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms represent the largest component of biodiversity in our world. For millions of years, prokaryotic microorganisms have functioned as a major selective force shaping eukaryotic evolution. Microbes that live inside and on animals outnumber the animals' actual somatic and germ cells by an estimated 10-fold. Collectively, the intestinal microbiome represents a "forgotten organ," functioning as an organ inside another that can execute many physiological responsibilities. The nature of primitive eukaryotes was drastically changed due to the association with symbiotic prokaryotes facilitating mutual coevolution of host and microbe. Phytophagous insects have long been used to test theories of evolutionary diversification; moreover, the diversification of a number of phytophagous insect lineages has been linked to mutualisms with microbes. From termites and honey bees to ruminants and mammals, depending on novel biochemistries provided by the prokaryotic microbiome, the association helps to metabolize several nutrients that the host cannot digest and converting these into useful end products (such as short-chain fatty acids), a process, which has huge impact on the biology and homeostasis of metazoans. More importantly, in a direct and/or indirect way, the intestinal microbiota influences the assembly of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, helps to educate immune system, affects the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, modulates proliferation and differentiation of its epithelial lineages, regulates angiogenesis, and modifies the activity of enteric as well as the central nervous system. Despite these important effects, the mechanisms by which the gut microbial community influences the host's biology remain almost entirely unknown. Our aim here is to encourage empirical inquiry into the relationship between mutualism and evolutionary diversification between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which encourage us to postulate: who is hosting whom?
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Tellez
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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McElroy EJ, de Buron I. Host Performance as a Target of Manipulation by Parasites: A Meta-Analysis. J Parasitol 2014; 100:399-410. [DOI: 10.1645/13-488.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Taylor LA, Clark DL, McGraw KJ. Natural variation in condition-dependent display colour does not predict male courtship success in a jumping spider. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Silva JPE, Furtado AP, Santos JND. Ortleppascaris sp. and your host Rhinella marina: A proteomic view into a nematode-amphibian relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2014; 3:118-23. [PMID: 25161910 PMCID: PMC4142271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhinella marina is a synanthropic amphibian that offers great possibilities for the study of parasite–host relations. A complex protein profile, including neuroendocrine proteins indicating intense stress in the liver of the host. Important aspects of the host’s immune response plasticity are shown. This study contributes to knowledge of the biochemical aspects of the helminth–host interface.
The success of the helminth–host relationship depends on a biochemical molecular arsenal. Perhaps the proteome is the largest and most important set of this weaponry, in which the proteins have a crucial role in vital processes to the parasite/host relationship, from basic metabolism and energy production to complex immune responses. Nowadays, the bioproducts expressed by the parasites are under the “spotlight” of immunoassays and biochemical analysis in helminthology, especially in proteomic analysis, which has provided valuable information about the physiology of the infecting agent. Looking into this point of view, why not turn to the infected agent as well? This study characterised the proteomic profile of fluid-filled fibrous cysts of encapsulated Ortleppascaris sp. larvae in the hepatic parenchyma of their intermediate host, the amphibian Rhinella marina. The proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by MS with the aid of Peptide Mass Fingerprint. A total of 54 molecules were analysed in this system, revealing a complex protein profile with molecules related to basic metabolic processes of the parasite, energy production, oxi-reduction and oxidative stress processes as well as molecules related to the host response. This study contributes to proteomic studies of protein markers of the development, infectivity, virulence and co-existence of helminths and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Pereira E Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology (Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia) "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Biological Sciences Institute (Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriano Penha Furtado
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology (Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia) "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Biological Sciences Institute (Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology (Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia) "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Biological Sciences Institute (Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Behavioural changes in the flour beetleTribolium confusuminfected with the spirurid nematodeProtospirura muricola. J Helminthol 2013; 89:68-79. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x13000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe examined changes to the behaviour of flour beetles,Tribolium confusum, infected with the rodent stomach worm, the spiruridProtospirura muricola, in the context of the ‘Behavioural Manipulation Hypothesis’.Trobolium confusuminfected with the third-stage infective larvae ofP. muricolashowed consistently altered patterns of behaviour. Relative to uninfected beetles, over a measured time period, beetles infected withP. muricolawere likely to move over a shorter distance, when moving their speed of movement was slower, they were more likely to stay in the illuminated area of their environment, more likely to emerge from darkened areas into the illuminated areas, and their longevity was significantly shortened. The changes in behaviour, as reflected in effects on speed of movement, were only evident among beetles that actually harboured infective cysts and not among those carrying younger infections when the larvae within their haemocoels would have been at an earlier stage of development and not yet capable of infecting the definitive murine hosts. We discuss whether these changes would have made the beetles more susceptible to predation by rodents, and specifically by the omnivorous eastern spiny mouse,Acomys dimidiatus, the natural definitive host of this parasite in Egypt, from where theP. muricolaisolate originated, and whether they support the Behavioural Manipulation Hypothesis or reflect parasite-induced pathology.
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Microbial Volatile Emissions as Insect Semiochemicals. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:840-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kamiya T, O'Dwyer K, Nakagawa S, Poulin R. What determines species richness of parasitic organisms? A meta-analysis across animal, plant and fungal hosts. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:123-34. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukushi Kamiya
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Katie O'Dwyer
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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Hughes D. Pathways to understanding the extended phenotype of parasites in their hosts. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:142-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.077461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The study of the adaptive manipulation of animal behavior by parasites is entering very exciting times. Collectively the field has moved from its important and instructional natural history phase into proximate-level studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which one organism controls another. Because many cases studies involve cross-kingdom control of behaviour, the findings are sure to be exciting. In this review I examine what possible pathways we can take to understanding the controlling behavior of parasites and how host behavior has become an extended phenotype of the parasites that is often hidden from view.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hughes
- Centre for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Departments of Biology and Entomology, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, W129 Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Andersen S, Hughes D. Host specificity of parasite manipulation: Zombie ant death location in Thailand vs. Brazil. Commun Integr Biol 2012; 5:163-5. [PMID: 22808322 PMCID: PMC3376053 DOI: 10.4161/cib.18712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we presented how Camponotus ants in Thailand infected with the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis are behaviorally manipulated into dying where the conditions are optimal for fungal development. Death incurred in a very narrow zone of space and here we compare this highly specific manipulation with a related system in Brazil. We show that the behavioral manipulation is less fine-tuned and discuss the potential explanations for this by examining differences in ant host and environmental characteristics.
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Jeschke J, Gómez Aparicio L, Haider S, Heger T, Lortie C, Pyšek P, Strayer D. Support for major hypotheses in invasion biology is uneven and declining. NEOBIOTA 2012. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.14.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ingwell LL, Eigenbrode SD, Bosque-Pérez NA. Plant viruses alter insect behavior to enhance their spread. Sci Rep 2012; 2:578. [PMID: 22896811 PMCID: PMC3419366 DOI: 10.1038/srep00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens and parasites can induce changes in host or vector behavior that enhance their transmission. In plant systems, such effects are largely restricted to vectors, because they are mobile and may exhibit preferences dependent upon plant host infection status. Here we report the first evidence that acquisition of a plant virus directly alters host selection behavior by its insect vector. We show that the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, after acquiring Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) during in vitro feeding, prefers noninfected wheat plants, while noninfective aphids also fed in vitro prefer BYDV-infected plants. This behavioral change should promote pathogen spread since noninfective vector preference for infected plants will promote acquisition, while infective vector preference for noninfected hosts will promote transmission. We propose the “Vector Manipulation Hypothesis” to explain the evolution of strategies in plant pathogens to enhance their spread to new hosts. Our findings have implications for disease and vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Ingwell
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
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References. Parasitology 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119968986.refs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Synthetic analyses of phenotypic selection in natural populations: lessons, limitations and future directions. Evol Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-012-9563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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