1
|
Sandhu S, Mikheev V, Pasternak A, Taskinen J, Morozov A. Revisiting the role of behavior-mediated structuring in the survival of populations in hostile environments. Commun Biol 2024; 7:93. [PMID: 38216662 PMCID: PMC10786947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing the population density of target species is a major goal of ecosystem and agricultural management. This task is especially challenging in hazardous environments with a high abundance of natural enemies such as parasites and predators. Safe locations with lower mortality have been long considered a beneficial factor in enhancing population survival, being a promising tool in commercial fish farming and restoration of threatened species. Here we challenge this opinion and revisit the role of behavior structuring in a hostile environment in shaping the population density. We build a mathematical model, where individuals are structured according to their defensive tactics against natural enemies. The model predicts that although each safe zone enhances the survival of an individual, for an insufficient number of such zones, the entire population experiences a greater overall mortality. This is a result of the interplay of emergent dynamical behavioral structuring and strong intraspecific competition for safe zones. Non-plastic structuring in individuals' boldness reduces the mentioned negative effects. We demonstrate emergence of non-plastic behavioral structuring: the evolutionary branching of a monomorphic population into a dimorphic one with bold/shy strains. We apply our modelling approach to explore fish farming of salmonids in an environment infected by trematode parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sandhu
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Victor Mikheev
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Pasternak
- Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jouni Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Andrew Morozov
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK.
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hunt AD, Jaeggi AV. Specialised minds: extending adaptive explanations of personality to the evolution of psychopathology. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2022; 4:e26. [PMID: 37588937 PMCID: PMC10426115 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional evolutionary theory invoked natural and sexual selection to explain species- and sex-typical traits. However, some heritable inter-individual variability in behaviour and psychology - personality - is probably adaptive. Here we extend this insight to common psychopathological traits. Reviewing key findings from three background areas of importance - theoretical models, non-human personality and evolved human social dynamics - we propose that a combination of social niche specialisation, negative frequency-dependency, balancing selection and adaptive developmental plasticity should explain adaptation for individual differences in psychology - 'specialised minds' - explaining some variance in personality and psychopathology trait dimensions, which share various characteristics. We suggest that anthropological research of behavioural differences should be extended past broad demographic factors (age and sex) to include individual specialisations. As a first step towards grounding psychopathology in ancestral social structure, we propose a minimum plausible prevalence, given likely ancestral group sizes, for negatively frequency-dependent phenotypes to be maintained as specialised tails of adaptive distributions - below the calculated prevalence, specialisation is highly unlikely. For instance, chronic highly debilitating forms of autism or schizophrenia are too rare for such explanations, whereas attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and broad autism phenotypes are common enough to have existed in most hunter-gatherer bands, making adaptive explanations more plausible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Hunt
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian V. Jaeggi
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evolution of trust in the sharing economy with fixed provider and consumer roles under different host network structures. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
McNamara JM. Game Theory in Biology: Moving beyond Functional Accounts. Am Nat 2021; 199:179-193. [DOI: 10.1086/717429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. McNamara
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
When to (or not to) trust intelligent machines: Insights from an evolutionary game theory analysis of trust in repeated games. COGN SYST RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Recognising the key role of individual recognition in social networks. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:1024-1035. [PMID: 34256987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of sociality rely on individuals recognising one another. Understanding how, when, and if individuals recognise others can yield insights into the foundations of social relationships and behaviours. Through synthesising individual recognition research in different sensory and social domains, and doing so across various related social contexts, we propose that a social network perspective can help to uncover how individual recognition may vary across different settings, species, and populations. Specifically, combining individual recognition with social networks has unrecognised potential for determining the level and relative importance of individual recognition complexity. This will provide insights not only on the ecology and evolution of individual recognition itself, but also on social structure, social transmission, and social interactions such as cooperation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Barbosa M, Morrissey MB. The distinction between repeatability and correlation in studies of animal behaviour. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Loftus JC, Perez AA, Sih A. Task syndromes: linking personality and task allocation in social animal groups. Behav Ecol 2021; 32:1-17. [PMID: 33708004 PMCID: PMC7937036 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of eusocial insects have extensively investigated two components of task allocation: how individuals distribute themselves among different tasks in a colony and how the distribution of labor changes to meet fluctuating task demand. While discrete age- and morphologically-based task allocation systems explain much of the social order in these colonies, the basis for task allocation in non-eusocial organisms and within eusocial castes remains unknown. Building from recent advances in the study of among-individual variation in behavior (i.e., animal personalities), we explore a potential mechanism by which individuality in behaviors unrelated to tasks can guide the developmental trajectories that lead to task specialization. We refer to the task-based behavioral syndrome that results from the correlation between the antecedent behavioral tendencies and task participation as a task syndrome. In this review, we present a framework that integrates concepts from a long history of task allocation research in eusocial organisms with recent findings from animal personality research to elucidate how task syndromes and resulting task allocation might manifest in animal groups. By drawing upon an extensive and diverse literature to evaluate the hypothesized framework, this review identifies future areas for study at the intersection of social behavior and animal personality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Loftus
- Department of Anthropology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A A Perez
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim IS. Stochastic evolutionary dynamics of trust games with asymmetric parameters. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062419. [PMID: 33466027 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trusting in others and reciprocating that trust with trustworthy actions are crucial to successful and prosperous societies. The trust game has been widely used to quantitatively study trust and trustworthiness, involving a sequential exchange between an investor and a trustee. Deterministic evolutionary game theory predicts no trust and no trustworthiness, whereas the behavioral experiments with the one-shot anonymous trust game show that people substantially trust and respond trustworthily. To explain these discrepancies, previous works often turn to additional mechanisms, which are borrowed from other games such as the prisoner's dilemma. Although these mechanisms lead to the evolution of trust and trustworthiness to an extent, the optimal or the most common strategy often involves no trustworthiness. In this paper, we study the impact of asymmetric demographic parameters (e.g., different population sizes) on game dynamics of the trust game. We show that, in a weak-mutation limit, stochastic evolutionary dynamics with the asymmetric parameters can lead to the evolution of high trust and high trustworthiness without any additional mechanisms in well-mixed finite populations. Even full trust and near full trustworthiness can be the most common strategies. These results are qualitatively different from those of the previous works. Our results thereby demonstrate rich evolutionary dynamics of the asymmetric trust game.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ik Soo Lim
- School of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Limited flexibility in behaviour gives rise to behavioural consistency, so that past behaviour is partially predictive of current behaviour. The consequences of limits to flexibility are investigated in a population in which pairs of individuals play a game of trust. The game can either be observed by others or not. Reputation is based on trustworthiness when observed and acts as a signal of behaviour in future interactions with others. Individuals use the reputation of partner in deciding whether to trust them, both when observed by others and when not observed. We explore the effects of costs of exhibiting a difference in behaviour between when observed and when not observed (i.e. a cost of flexibility). When costs are low, individuals do not attempt to signal that they will later be trustworthy: their signal should not be believed since it will always pay them to be untrustworthy if trusted. When costs are high, their local optimal behaviour automatically acts as an honest signal. At intermediate costs, individuals are very trustworthy when observed in order to convince others of their trustworthiness when unobserved. It is hypothesized that this type of strong signalling might occur in other settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M McNamara
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Fry Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Zoltan Barta
- MTA-DE Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1. Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Trust and trustworthiness form the basis for continued social and economic interactions, and they are also fundamental for cooperation, fairness, honesty, and indeed for many other forms of prosocial and moral behaviour. However, trust entails risks, and building a trustworthy reputation requires effort. So how did trust and trustworthiness evolve, and under which conditions do they thrive? To find answers, we operationalize trust and trustworthiness using the trust game with the trustor's investment and the trustee's return of the investment as the two key parameters. We study this game on different networks, including the complete network, random and scale-free networks, and in the well-mixed limit. We show that in all but one case, the network structure has little effect on the evolution of trust and trustworthiness. Specifically, for well-mixed populations, lattices, random and scale-free networks, we find that trust never evolves, while trustworthiness evolves with some probability depending on the game parameters and the updating dynamics. Only for the scale-free network with degree non-normalized dynamics, we find parameter values for which trust evolves but trustworthiness does not, as well as values for which both trust and trustworthiness evolve. We conclude with a discussion about mechanisms that could lead to the evolution of trust and outline directions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aanjaneya Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Valerio Capraro
- Department of Economics, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Matjaž Perc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädterstraße 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
You're Just My Type: Mate Choice and Behavioral Types. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:823-833. [PMID: 32451175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Consistent individual differences in behavior [i.e., behavioral types (BTs)], are common across the animal kingdom. Consistency can make behavior an adaptive trait for mate choice decisions. Here, we present a conceptual framework to explain how and why females might evaluate a male's BT before mating. Because BTs are consistent across time or context, a male's BT can be a reliable indicator of his potential to provide direct benefits. Heritable BTs can enable informed mate choice via indirect benefits. Many key issues regarding patterns of mate choice, including sensory biases, context dependence, and assortative mating apply to BT-dependent mate choice. Understanding the relationship between BTs and mate choice may offer insights into patterns of variation and consistency common in behavioral traits.
Collapse
|
13
|
Experimental subjects do not know what we think they know. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1117. [PMID: 31980648 PMCID: PMC6981300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological, psychological and economic experiments have been designed where an organism or individual must choose between two options that have the same expected reward but differ in the variance of reward received. In this way, designed empirical approaches have been developed for evaluating risk preferences. Here, however, we show that if the experimental subject is inferring the reward distribution (to optimize some process), they will rarely agree in finite time that the expected rewards are equal. In turn, we argue that this makes discussions of risk preferences, and indeed the motivations of behaviour, not so simple or straightforward to interpret. We use this particular experiment to highlight the serious need to consider the frame of reference of the experimental subject in studies of behaviour.
Collapse
|
14
|
Le Hesran S, Groot T, Knapp M, Bukovinszky T, Nugroho JE, Beretta G, Dicke M. Maternal effect determines drought resistance of eggs in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Oecologia 2020; 192:29-41. [PMID: 31773312 PMCID: PMC6974492 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of an organism to adapt to short-term environmental changes within its lifetime is of fundamental importance. This adaptation may occur through phenotypic plasticity. Insects and mites, in particular, are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, especially during the juvenile stages. We studied the role of phenotypic plasticity in the adaptation of eggs to different relative humidity conditions, in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, used worldwide as a biological control agent of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The biocontrol efficacy of P. persimilis decreases under dry conditions, partly because P. persimilis eggs are sensitive to drought. We exposed P. persimilis adult females from two different strains to constant and variable humidity regimes and evaluated the hatching rate of their eggs in dry conditions, as well as the survival and oviposition rates of these females. Whereas the eggs laid by P. persimilis females exposed to constant high humidity did not survive in dry conditions, females exposed to constant low humidity started laying drought-resistant eggs after 24 h of exposure. Survival and oviposition rates of the females were affected by humidity: females laid fewer eggs under constant low humidity and had a shorter lifespan under constant high and constant low humidity. The humidity regimes tested had similar effects across the two P. persimilis strains. Our results demonstrate that transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, called maternal effect, allows P. persimilis females to prepare their offspring for dry conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Le Hesran
- Koppert BV, Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2650 AD, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Groot
- Koppert BV, Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2650 AD, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Knapp
- Koppert BV, Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2650 AD, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Bukovinszky
- Koppert BV, Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2650 AD, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Jovano Erris Nugroho
- Koppert BV, Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2650 AD, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Giuditta Beretta
- Koppert BV, Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2650 AD, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chica M, Chiong R, Adam MTP, Teubner T. An Evolutionary Game Model with Punishment and Protection to Promote Trust in the Sharing Economy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19789. [PMID: 31874960 PMCID: PMC6930269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present an evolutionary trust game, taking punishment and protection into consideration, to investigate the formation of trust in the so-called sharing economy from a population perspective. This sharing economy trust model comprises four types of players: a trustworthy provider, an untrustworthy provider, a trustworthy consumer, and an untrustworthy consumer. Punishment in the form of penalty for untrustworthy providers and protection in the form of insurance for consumers are mechanisms adopted to prevent untrustworthy behaviour. Through comprehensive simulation experiments, we evaluate dynamics of the population for different initial population setups and effects of having penalty and insurance in place. Our results show that each player type influences the ‘existence’ and ‘survival’ of other types of players, and untrustworthy players do not necessarily dominate the population even when the temptation to defect (i.e., to be untrustworthy) is high. Additionally, we observe that imposing a heavier penalty or having insurance for all consumers (trustworthy and untrustworthy) can be counterproductive for promoting trustworthiness in the population and increasing the global net wealth. Our findings have important implications for understanding trust in the context of the sharing economy, and for clarifying the usefulness of protection policies within it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Chica
- Andalusian Research Institute DaSCI "Data Science and Computational Intelligence", University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Raymond Chiong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Marc T P Adam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Timm Teubner
- Einstein Center Digital Future, TU Berlin, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Burns AL, Wilson ADM, Ward AJW. Behavioural interdependence in a shrimp‐goby mutualism. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Burns
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia Sydney Australia
| | - A. D. M. Wilson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - A. J. W. Ward
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jäger HY, Han CS, Dingemanse NJ. Social experiences shape behavioral individuality and within-individual stability. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Individual repeatability characterizes many behaviors. Repeatable behavior may result from repeated social interactions among familiar group members, owing to adaptive social niche specialization. In the context of aggression, in species like field crickets, social niche specialization should also occur when individuals repeatedly interact with unfamiliar individuals. This would require the outcome of social interactions to have carry-over effects on fighting ability and aggressiveness in subsequent interactions, leading to long-term among-individual differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned freshly emerged adult males of the southern field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to either a solitary or social treatment. In social treatment, males interacted with a same-sex partner but experienced a new partner every 3 days. After 3 weeks of treatment, we repeatedly subjected treated males to dyadic interactions to measure aggression. During this time, we also continuously measured the 3-daily rate of carbohydrate and protein consumption. Individual differentiation was considerably higher among males reared in the social versus solitary environment for aggressiveness but not for nutrient intake. Simultaneously, social experience led to lower within-individual stability (i.e., increased within-individual variance) in carbohydrate intake. Past social experiences, thus, shaped both behavioral individuality and stability. While previous research has emphasized behavioral individuality resulting from repeated interactions among familiar individuals, our study implies that behavioral individuality, in the context of aggression, may generally result from social interactions, whether with familiar or unfamiliar individuals. Our findings thus imply that social interactions may have a stronger effect on individual differentiation than previously appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Y Jäger
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chang S Han
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Manson JH, Gervais MM, Bryant GA. General trust impedes perception of self-reported primary psychopathy in thin slices of social interaction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196729. [PMID: 29718978 PMCID: PMC5931653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about people's ability to detect subclinical psychopathy from others' quotidian social behavior, or about the correlates of variation in this ability. This study sought to address these questions using a thin slice personality judgment paradigm. We presented 108 undergraduate judges (70.4% female) with 1.5 minute video thin slices of zero-acquaintance triadic conversations among other undergraduates (targets: n = 105, 57.1% female). Judges completed self-report measures of general trust, caution, and empathy. Target individuals had completed the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) scale. Judges viewed the videos in one of three conditions: complete audio, silent, or audio from which semantic content had been removed using low-pass filtering. Using a novel other-rating version of the LSRP, judges' ratings of targets' primary psychopathy levels were significantly positively associated with targets' self-reports, but only in the complete audio condition. Judge general trust and target LSRP interacted, such that judges higher in general trust made less accurate judgments with respect to targets higher in primary and total psychopathy. Results are consistent with a scenario in which psychopathic traits are maintained in human populations by negative frequency dependent selection operating through the costs of detecting psychopathy in others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Manson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Center for Behavior, Evolution and Culture, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew M. Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Gregory A. Bryant
- Center for Behavior, Evolution and Culture, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Communication, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Niemelä PT, Dingemanse NJ. Meta-analysis reveals weak associations between intrinsic state and personality. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20172823. [PMID: 29491175 PMCID: PMC5832713 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in behaviour characterize humans and animals alike. A hot field in behavioural ecology asks why this variation in 'personality' evolved. Theory posits that selection favours the integration of 'intrinsic state' and behaviour. Metabolism, hormones, energetic reserves and structural size have particularly been proposed as states covarying with behaviour among-individuals, either genetically or through plasticity integration. We conducted a meta-analysis estimating the amount of among-individual variation in behaviour attributable to variation in state. Our literature search showed that only 22% of the studies claiming to estimate individual-level associations between state and behaviour actually did so. Our meta-analysis revealed that relatively aggressive, bold, explorative and/or active individuals had relatively high metabolic rates, hormone levels, body weights and/or body sizes. The proportion of among-individual variation common to state and behaviour was nevertheless small (approx. 5%). This means that (i) adaptive explanations involving intrinsic states fail to explain much individual variation in behaviour, (ii) empiricists should consider nonlinear, additive or interactive effects of (multiple) intrinsic states, (iii) explanations not involving intrinsic states might be important, or (iv) empirical tests of state-dependent personality theory were inappropriate. Our meta-analysis highlights the importance of feedback between empiricists and theoreticians in the study of adaptive behavioural variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petri T Niemelä
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Field JM, Bonsall MB. Ignorance can be evolutionarily beneficial. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:71-77. [PMID: 29321852 PMCID: PMC5756876 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Information is increasingly being viewed as a resource used by organisms to increase their fitness. Indeed, it has been formally shown that there is a sensible way to assign a reproductive value to information and it is non‐negative. However, all of this work assumed that information collection is cost‐free. Here, we account for such a cost and provide conditions for when the reproductive value of information will be negative. In these instances, counterintuitively, it is in the interest of the organism to remain ignorant. We link our results to empirical studies where Bayesian behavior appears to break down in complex environments and provide an alternative explanation of lowered arousal thresholds in the evolution of sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Field
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical BiologyMathematical InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Mathematical Ecology Research GroupDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michael B. Bonsall
- Mathematical Ecology Research GroupDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Couchoux C, Clermont J, Garant D, Réale D. Signaler and receiver boldness influence response to alarm calls in eastern chipmunks. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charline Couchoux
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeanne Clermont
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kendall BE, Fox GA, Stover JP. Boldness-aggression syndromes can reduce population density: behavior and demographic heterogeneity. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Kendall
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Gordon A Fox
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph P Stover
- Department of Mathematics, Lyon College, Batesville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Araya-Ajoy YG, Dingemanse NJ. Repeatability, heritability, and age-dependence of seasonal plasticity in aggressiveness in a wild passerine bird. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:227-238. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimen G. Araya-Ajoy
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Seewiesen Germany
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Niels J. Dingemanse
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Seewiesen Germany
- Behavioural Ecology; Department of Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Behavioral traits generally show moderate to strong genetic influence, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Some recent research has suggested that trust may be an exception because it is more strongly influenced by social interactions. In a sample of over 7,000 adolescent twins from the United Kingdom’s Twins Early Development Study, we found broad sense heritability estimates of 57% for generalized trust and 51% for trust in friends. Genomic-relatedness-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) estimates in the same sample indicate that 21% of the narrow sense genetic variance can be explained by common single nucleotide polymorphisms for generalized trust and 43% for trust in friends. As expected, this implies a large amount of unexplained heritability, although power is low for estimating DNA-based heritability. The missing heritability may be accounted for by interactions between DNA and the social environment during development or via gene–environment correlations with rare variants. How these genes and environments correlate seem especially important for the development of trust.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rudin FS, Tomkins JL, Simmons LW. Changes in dominance status erode personality and behavioral syndromes. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
29
|
Hall ML, Parson T, Riebel K, Mulder RA. Personality, plasticity, and resource defense. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
30
|
Han CS, Santostefano F, Dingemanse NJ. Do social partners affect same-sex sexual behaviour in male water striders? Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Liedtke J, Redekop D, Schneider JM, Schuett W. Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
32
|
David M, Dall SRX. Unravelling the Philosophies Underlying ‘Animal Personality’ Studies: A Brief Re-Appraisal of the Field. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan David
- Department of Biology-Ethology; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; School of Biosciences; College of Life & Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall UK
| | - Sasha R. X. Dall
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; School of Biosciences; College of Life & Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iñiguez G, Govezensky T, Dunbar R, Kaski K, Barrio RA. Effects of deception in social networks. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1195. [PMID: 25056625 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Honesty plays a crucial role in any situation where organisms exchange information or resources. Dishonesty can thus be expected to have damaging effects on social coherence if agents cannot trust the information or goods they receive. However, a distinction is often drawn between prosocial lies ('white' lies) and antisocial lying (i.e. deception for personal gain), with the former being considered much less destructive than the latter. We use an agent-based model to show that antisocial lying causes social networks to become increasingly fragmented. Antisocial dishonesty thus places strong constraints on the size and cohesion of social communities, providing a major hurdle that organisms have to overcome (e.g. by evolving counter-deception strategies) in order to evolve large, socially cohesive communities. In contrast, white lies can prove to be beneficial in smoothing the flow of interactions and facilitating a larger, more integrated network. Our results demonstrate that these group-level effects can arise as emergent properties of interactions at the dyadic level. The balance between prosocial and antisocial lies may set constraints on the structure of social networks, and hence the shape of society as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Iñiguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Tzipe Govezensky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 01000, Mexico
| | - Robin Dunbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto 00076, Finland Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Rafael A Barrio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto 00076, Finland Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 01000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sanderson JL, Stott I, Young AJ, Vitikainen EI, Hodge SJ, Cant MA. The origins of consistent individual differences in cooperation in wild banded mongooses, Mungos mungo. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Araya‐Ajoy YG, Mathot KJ, Dingemanse NJ. An approach to estimate short‐term, long‐term and reaction norm repeatability. Methods Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimen G. Araya‐Ajoy
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
| | - Kimberley J. Mathot
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
- Marine Ecology Department Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) 1790 AB Den Burg PO Box 59 Texel The Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Dingemanse
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
- Behavioural Ecology Department of Biology Ludwig‐Maximilians University of Munich Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bierbach D, Sommer-Trembo C, Hanisch J, Wolf M, Plath M. Personality affects mate choice: bolder males show stronger audience effects under high competition. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
37
|
Duckworth RA. Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying behavioral stability: implications for the evolutionary origin of personality. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1360:54-74. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renée A. Duckworth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Personality does not constrain social and behavioural flexibility in African striped mice. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
39
|
McCowan LS, Mainwaring MC, Prior NH, Griffith SC. Personality in the wild zebra finch: exploration, sociality, and reproduction. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
40
|
Lehtonen TK, Lindström K, Wong BBM. Body size mediates social and environmental effects on nest building behaviour in a fish with paternal care. Oecologia 2015; 178:699-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Polonioli A. Stanovich's arguments against the "adaptive rationality" project: An assessment. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 49:55-62. [PMID: 25617703 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses Stanovich's appeal to individual differences in reasoning and decision-making to undermine the "adaptive rationality" project put forth by Gigerenzer and his co-workers. I discuss two different arguments based on Stanovich's research. First, heterogeneity in the use of heuristics seems to be at odds with the adaptationist background of the project. Second, the existence of correlations between cognitive ability and susceptibility to cognitive bias suggests that the "standard picture of rationality" (Stein, 1996, 4) is normatively adequate. I argue that, as matters stand, none of the arguments can be seen as fully compelling. Nevertheless, my discussion is not only critical of Stanovich's research, as I also show that (and how) his research can push forward the so-called "rationality debate" by encouraging greater theoretical and experimental work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polonioli
- Department of Philosophy, University of Edinburgh, Dugald Stewart Building, 3 Charles Street, George Square, EH8 9AD Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dingemanse NJ, Araya-Ajoy YG. Interacting personalities: behavioural ecology meets quantitative genetics. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
43
|
Schuett W, Dall SRX, Kloesener MH, Baeumer J, Beinlich F, Eggers T. Life-history trade-offs mediate ‘personality’ variation in two colour morphs of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum. J Anim Ecol 2014; 84:90-101. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schuett
- Experimental Ecology Group; Department for Biology and Chemistry; University of Osnabrueck; Barbarastrasse 11 Osnabrueck 49069 Germany
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King Platz 3 Hamburg 20146 Germany
| | - Sasha R. X. Dall
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - Michaela H. Kloesener
- Experimental Ecology Group; Department for Biology and Chemistry; University of Osnabrueck; Barbarastrasse 11 Osnabrueck 49069 Germany
| | - Jana Baeumer
- Experimental Ecology Group; Department for Biology and Chemistry; University of Osnabrueck; Barbarastrasse 11 Osnabrueck 49069 Germany
| | - Felix Beinlich
- Experimental Ecology Group; Department for Biology and Chemistry; University of Osnabrueck; Barbarastrasse 11 Osnabrueck 49069 Germany
| | - Till Eggers
- Experimental Ecology Group; Department for Biology and Chemistry; University of Osnabrueck; Barbarastrasse 11 Osnabrueck 49069 Germany
- Agricultural Products Global Research; Data Management and Biometrics; BASF The Chemical Company; Carl Bosch Str. Limburgerhof 67117 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Acevedo BP, Aron EN, Aron A, Sangster MD, Collins N, Brown LL. The highly sensitive brain: an fMRI study of sensory processing sensitivity and response to others' emotions. Brain Behav 2014; 4:580-94. [PMID: 25161824 PMCID: PMC4086365 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory and research suggest that sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), found in roughly 20% of humans and over 100 other species, is a trait associated with greater sensitivity and responsiveness to the environment and to social stimuli. Self-report studies have shown that high-SPS individuals are strongly affected by others' moods, but no previous study has examined neural systems engaged in response to others' emotions. METHODS This study examined the neural correlates of SPS (measured by the standard short-form Highly Sensitive Person [HSP] scale) among 18 participants (10 females) while viewing photos of their romantic partners and of strangers displaying positive, negative, or neutral facial expressions. One year apart, 13 of the 18 participants were scanned twice. RESULTS Across all conditions, HSP scores were associated with increased brain activation of regions involved in attention and action planning (in the cingulate and premotor area [PMA]). For happy and sad photo conditions, SPS was associated with activation of brain regions involved in awareness, integration of sensory information, empathy, and action planning (e.g., cingulate, insula, inferior frontal gyrus [IFG], middle temporal gyrus [MTG], and PMA). CONCLUSIONS As predicted, for partner images and for happy facial photos, HSP scores were associated with stronger activation of brain regions involved in awareness, empathy, and self-other processing. These results provide evidence that awareness and responsiveness are fundamental features of SPS, and show how the brain may mediate these traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P Acevedo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, California
| | - Elaine N Aron
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University New York, New York
| | - Arthur Aron
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University New York, New York
| | | | - Nancy Collins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, California
| | - Lucy L Brown
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Y, Fu F, Wu T, Xie G, Wang L. A tale of two contribution mechanisms for nonlinear public goods. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2021. [PMID: 23779102 PMCID: PMC3685828 DOI: 10.1038/srep02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amounts of empirical evidence, ranging from microbial cooperation to collective hunting, suggests public goods produced often nonlinearly depend on the total amount of contribution. The implication of such nonlinear public goods for the evolution of cooperation is not well understood. There is also little attention paid to the divisibility nature of individual contribution amount, divisible vs. non-divisible ones. The corresponding strategy space in the former is described by a continuous investment while in the latter by a continuous probability to contribute all or nothing. Here, we use adaptive dynamics in finite populations to quantify and compare the roles nonlinearity of public-goods production plays in cooperation between these two contribution mechanisms. Although under both contribution mechanisms the population can converge into a coexistence equilibrium with an intermediate cooperation level, the branching phenomenon only occurs in the divisible contribution mechanism. The results shed insight into understanding observed individual difference in cooperative behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhang
- Center for Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
David M, Le Hô M, Laskowski KL, Salignon M, Gillingham MAF, Giraldeau LA. Individual differences in behavioral consistency are related to sequential access to resources and body condition in a producer-scrounger game. Front Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2014.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
47
|
Gracceva G, Herde A, Groothuis TGG, Koolhaas JM, Palme R, Eccard JA. Turning Shy on a Winter's Day: Effects of Season on Personality and Stress Response inMicrotus arvalis. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gracceva
- Behavioural Physiology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Behavioural Biology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Antje Herde
- Department of Animal Ecology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - Ton G. G. Groothuis
- Behavioural Biology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. Koolhaas
- Behavioural Physiology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rupert Palme
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - Jana A. Eccard
- Department of Animal Ecology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Krams IA, Vrublevska J, Sepp T, Abolins-Abols M, Rantala MJ, Mierauskas P, Krama T. Sex-Specific Associations Between Nest Defence, Exploration and Breathing Rate in Breeding Pied Flycatchers. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrikis A. Krams
- Institute of Systematic Biology; University of Daugavpils; Daugavpils Latvia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Jolanta Vrublevska
- Institute of Systematic Biology; University of Daugavpils; Daugavpils Latvia
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | | | | | - Pranas Mierauskas
- Department of Environment Policy; Mykolas Romeris University; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Tatjana Krama
- Institute of Systematic Biology; University of Daugavpils; Daugavpils Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Soler M. Long-term coevolution between avian brood parasites and their hosts. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:688-704. [PMID: 24330159 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coevolutionary theory predicts that the most common long-term outcome of the relationships between brood parasites and their hosts should be coevolutionary cycles based on a dynamic change selecting the currently least-defended host species, given that when well-defended hosts are abandoned, hosts will be selected to decrease their defences as these are usually assumed to be costly. This is assumed to be the case also in brood parasite-host systems. Here I examine the frequency of the three potential long-term outcomes of brood parasite-host coevolution (coevolutionary cycles, lack of rejection, and successful resistance) in 182 host species. The results of simple exploratory comparisons show that coevolutionary cycles are very scarce while the lack of rejection and successful resistance, which are considered evolutionary enigmas, are much more frequent. I discuss these results considering (i) the importance of different host defences at all stages of the breeding cycle, (ii) the role of phenotypic plasticity in long-term coevolution, and (iii) the evolutionary history of host selection. I suggest that in purely antagonistic coevolutionary interactions, such as those involving brood parasites and their hosts, that although cycles will exist during an intermediate phase of the interactions, the arms race will end with the extinction of the host or with the host acquiring successful resistance. As evolutionary time passes, this resistance will force brood parasites to use previously less suitable host species. Furthermore, I present a model that represents the long-term trajectories and outcomes of coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and their hosts with respect to the evolution of egg-rejection defence. This model suggests that as an increasing number of species acquire successful resistance, other unparasitized host species become more profitable and their parasitism rate and the costs imposed by brood parasitism at the population level will increase, selecting for the evolution of host defences. This means that although acceptance is adaptive when the parasitism rate and the costs of parasitism are very low, this cannot be considered to represent an evolutionary equilibrium, as conventional theory has done to date, because it is not stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soler
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain; Grupo Coevolución, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|