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Qi Y, Zhong Z, Liu X, He X, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Chen C, Linse K, Qiu JW, Sun J. Phylogenomic analyses reveal a single deep-water colonisation in Patellogastropoda. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107968. [PMID: 38000707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Patellogastropoda, the true limpets, is a major group of gastropods widely distributed in marine habitats from the intertidal to deep sea. Though important for understanding their evolutionary radiation, the phylogenetic relationships among the patellogastropod families have always been challenging to reconstruct, with contradictory results likely due to insufficient sampling. Here, we obtained mitogenomic and phylogenomic data (transcriptomic or genomic) from six species representing the three predominantly deep-water patellogastropod families: Lepetidae, Neolepetopsidae, and Pectinodontidae. By using various phylogenetic methods, we show that mitogenome phylogeny recovers monophyly of eight families in most of the trees, though the relationships among families remain contentious. Meanwhile, a more robust family-level topology consistent with morphology was achieved by phylogenomics. This also reveals that these mainly deep-water families are monophyletic, suggesting a single colonisation of the deep water around the Jurassic. We also found a lack of significant correlation between genome size and habitat depth, despite some deep-water species exhibiting larger genome sizes. Our phylogenomic tree provides a stable phylogenetic backbone for Patellogastropoda that includes seven of the nine recognized families and paves the way for future evolutionary analyses in this major group of molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xing He
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 311005, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Xu M, Li J, Guo B, Xu K, Ye Y, Yan X. Insights into the Deep Phylogeny and Novel Gene Rearrangement of Mytiloidea from Complete Mitochondrial Genome. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1704-1726. [PMID: 36745306 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extant marine mussels which belong to the Mytiloidea are widespread species inhabiting mostly coastal waters, with some distributed in the deep sea. To clarify the classification systems and phylogenetic relationships range from genus to family level within Mytiloidea, new sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis including all the available Mytiloidea mitochondrial genomes. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Vignadula atrata is 15,624 bp in length and contains 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs, atp8 is absent), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 PCGs showed that it has a close relationship to Bathymodiolus. The analysis of gene rearrangements in the Pteriomorphia showed that the arrangements are highly variable across species, novel gene rearrangements were found within Mytiloidea. The V. atrata mitogenome was provided in detail, with notes on the sequence and a key to the species of Vignadula. This study provides a perspective on the taxonomic histories of the marine mussels and refines the unclear relationship between the origin and evolution of species in Mytiloidea within Bivalvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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A regulatory hydrogenase gene cluster observed in the thioautotrophic symbiont of Bathymodiolus mussel in the East Pacific Rise. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22232. [PMID: 36564432 PMCID: PMC9789115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mytilid mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus lives in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent regions due to its relationship with chemosynthetic symbiotic bacteria. It is well established that symbionts reside in the gill bacteriocytes of the mussel and can utilize hydrogen sulfide, methane, and hydrogen from the surrounding environment. However, it is observed that some mussel symbionts either possess or lack genes for hydrogen metabolism within the single-ribotype population and host mussel species level. Here, we found a hydrogenase cluster consisting of additional H2-sensing hydrogenase subunits in a complete genome of B. thermophilus symbiont sampled from an individual mussel from the East Pacific Rise (EPR9N). Also, we found methylated regions sparsely distributed throughout the EPR9N genome, mainly in the transposase regions and densely present in the rRNA gene regions. CRISPR diversity analysis confirmed that this genome originated from a single symbiont strain. Furthermore, from the comparative analysis, we observed variation in genome size, gene content, and genome re-arrangements across individual hosts suggesting multiple symbiont strains can associate with B. thermophilus. The ability to acquire locally adaptive various symbiotic strains may serve as an effective mechanism for successfully colonizing different chemosynthetic environments across the global oceans by host mussels.
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Sun S, Xiao N, Sha Z. Mitogenomes provide insights into the phylogeny and evolution of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea). ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao'e Sun
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Zhao B, Gao S, Zhao M, Lv H, Song J, Wang H, Zeng Q, Liu J. Mitochondrial genomic analyses provide new insights into the "missing" atp8 and adaptive evolution of Mytilidae. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:738. [PMID: 36324074 PMCID: PMC9628169 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mytilidae, also known as marine mussels, are widely distributed in the oceans worldwide. Members of Mytilidae show a tremendous range of ecological adaptions, from the species distributed in freshwater to those that inhabit in deep-sea. Mitochondria play an important role in energy metabolism, which might contribute to the adaptation of Mytilidae to different environments. In addition, some bivalve species are thought to lack the mitochondrial protein-coding gene ATP synthase F0 subunit 8. Increasing studies indicated that the absence of atp8 may be caused by annotation difficulties for atp8 gene is characterized by highly divergent, variable length. Results In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of three marine mussels (Xenostrobus securis, Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis, Gigantidas vrijenhoeki) were newly assembled, with the lengths of 14,972 bp, 20,482, and 17,786 bp, respectively. We annotated atp8 in the sequences that we assembled and the sequences lacking atp8. The newly annotated atp8 sequences all have one predicted transmembrane domain, a similar hydropathy profile, as well as the C-terminal region with positively charged amino acids. Furthermore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic trees and performed positive selection analysis. The results showed that the deep-sea bathymodiolines experienced more relaxed evolutionary constraints. And signatures of positive selection were detected in nad4 of Limnoperna fortunei, which may contribute to the survival and/or thriving of this species in freshwater. Conclusions Our analysis supported that atp8 may not be missing in the Mytilidae. And our results provided evidence that the mitochondrial genes may contribute to the adaptation of Mytilidae to different environments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08940-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanog Inst, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Mingyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanog Inst, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Hongyu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanog Inst, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanog Inst, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qifan Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanog Inst, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Romero Picazo D, Werner A, Dagan T, Kupczok A. Pangenome Evolution in Environmentally Transmitted Symbionts of Deep-Sea Mussels Is Governed by Vertical Inheritance. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:evac098. [PMID: 35731940 PMCID: PMC9260185 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pangenomes vary across species; their size and structure are determined by genetic diversity within the population and by gene loss and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Many bacteria are associated with eukaryotic hosts where the host colonization dynamics may impact bacterial genome evolution. Host-associated lifestyle has been recognized as a barrier to HGT in parentally transmitted bacteria. However, pangenome evolution of environmentally acquired symbionts remains understudied, often due to limitations in symbiont cultivation. Using high-resolution metagenomics, here we study pangenome evolution of two co-occurring endosymbionts inhabiting Bathymodiolus brooksi mussels from a single cold seep. The symbionts, sulfur-oxidizing (SOX) and methane-oxidizing (MOX) gamma-proteobacteria, are environmentally acquired at an early developmental stage and individual mussels may harbor multiple strains of each symbiont species. We found differences in the accessory gene content of both symbionts across individual mussels, which are reflected by differences in symbiont strain composition. Compared with core genes, accessory genes are enriched in genome plasticity functions. We found no evidence for recent HGT between both symbionts. A comparison between the symbiont pangenomes revealed that the MOX population is less diverged and contains fewer accessory genes, supporting that the MOX association with B. brooksi is more recent in comparison to that of SOX. Our results show that the pangenomes of both symbionts evolved mainly by vertical inheritance. We conclude that genome evolution of environmentally transmitted symbionts that associate with individual hosts over their lifetime is affected by a narrow symbiosis where the frequency of HGT is constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devani Romero Picazo
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Werner
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tal Dagan
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Kupczok
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Tame A, Maruyama T, Yoshida T. Phagocytosis of exogenous bacteria by gill epithelial cells in the deep-sea symbiotic mussel Bathymodiolus japonicus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211384. [PMID: 35619999 PMCID: PMC9115016 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals that live in nutrient-poor environments, such as the deep sea, often establish intracellular symbiosis with beneficial bacteria that provide the host with nutrients that are usually inaccessible to them. The deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus japonicus relies on nutrients from the methane-oxidizing bacteria harboured in epithelial gill cells called bacteriocytes. These symbionts are specific to the host and transmitted horizontally, being acquired from the environment by each generation. Morphological studies in mussels have reported that the host gill cells acquire the symbionts via phagocytosis, a process that facilitates the engulfment and digestion of exogenous microorganisms. However, gill cell phagocytosis has not been well studied, and whether mussels discriminate between the symbionts and other bacteria in the phagocytic process remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the phagocytic ability of gill cells involved in the acquisition of symbionts by exposing the mussel to several types of bacteria. The gill cells engulfed exogenous bacteria from the environment indiscriminately. These bacteria were preferentially eliminated through intracellular digestion using enzymes; however, most symbionts were retained in the bacteriocytes without digestion. Our findings suggest that regulation of the phagocytic process after engulfment is a key mechanism for the selection of symbionts for establishing intracellular symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tame
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
- Department of Technical Services, Marine Works Japan Ltd. Oppama Higashi-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0063, Japan
| | - Tadashi Maruyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takao Yoshida
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
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Symbiont Community Composition in Rimicaris kairei Shrimps from Indian Ocean Vents with Notes on Mineralogy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0018522. [PMID: 35404070 PMCID: PMC9040608 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00185-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent ecosystems are home to a wide array of symbioses between animals and chemosynthetic microbes, among which shrimps in the genus Rimicaris is one of the most iconic. So far, studies of Rimicaris symbioses have been restricted to Atlantic species, including Rimicaris exoculata, which is totally reliant on the symbionts for nutrition, and the mixotrophic species Rimicaris chacei. Here, we expand this by investigating and characterizing the symbiosis of the Indian Ocean species Rimicaris kairei using specimens from two vent fields, Kairei and Edmond. We also aimed to evaluate the differences in mineralogy and microbial communities between two cephalothorax color morphs, black and brown, through a combination of 16S metabarcoding, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption structure analyses. Overall, our results highlight that R. kairei exhibits similar symbiont lineages to those of its Atlantic congeners, although with a few differences, such as the lack of Zetaproteobacteria. We found distinct mineralization processes behind the two color morphs that were linked to differences in the vent fluid composition, but the symbiotic community composition was surprisingly similar. In R. exoculata, such mineralogical differences have been shown to stem from disparity in the microbial communities, but our results indicate that in R. kairei this is instead due to the shift of dominant metabolisms by the same symbiotic partners. We suggest that a combination of local environmental factors and biogeographic barriers likely contribute to the differences between Atlantic and Indian Ocean Rimicaris symbioses. IMPORTANCE Hydrothermal vent shrimps in the genus Rimicaris are among the most charismatic deep-sea animals of Atlantic and Indian Oceans, often occurring on towering black smokers in dense aggregates of thousands of individuals. Although this dominance is only possible because of symbiosis, no study on the symbiosis of Indian Ocean Rimicaris species has been conducted. Here, we characterize the Rimicaris kairei symbiosis by combining molecular, microscopic, and elemental analyses, making comparisons with those of the Atlantic species possible for the first time. Although most symbiotic partners remained consistent across the two oceans, some differences were recognized in symbiont lineages, as well as in the mechanisms behind the formation of two color morphs with distinct mineralogies. Our results shed new light on relationships among mineralogy, environmental factors, and microbial communities that are useful for understanding other deep-sea symbioses in the future.
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Ikuta T, Amari Y, Tame A, Takaki Y, Tsuda M, Iizuka R, Funatsu T, Yoshida T. Inside or out? Clonal thiotrophic symbiont populations occupy deep-sea mussel bacteriocytes with pathways connecting to the external environment. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:38. [PMID: 37938253 PMCID: PMC9723662 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels are generally thought to harbour chemosynthetic symbiotic bacteria in gill epithelial cells called bacteriocytes. However, previously observed openings at the apical surface of bacteriocytes have not been conclusively explained and investigated as to whether the Bathymodiolus symbiosis is intracellular or extracellular. In this study, we show that almost all the membranous chambers encompassing symbionts in a single bacteriocyte of Bathymodiolus septemdierum are interconnected and have pathways connecting to the external environment. Furthermore, the symbiont population colonising a single bacteriocyte is mostly clonal. This study hypothesises on a novel model of cellular localization at the interface between extra- and intracellular symbiosis, and the cellular-level process of symbiont acquisition in Bathymodiolus mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ikuta
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Yuka Amari
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tame
- Marine Works Japan, Ltd., 3-54-1 Oppamahigashi, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0063, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takaki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Miwako Tsuda
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Ryo Iizuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takao Yoshida
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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11
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Sokolova AM, Aksenova OV, Bespalaya YV, Gofarov MY, Kondakov AV, Konopleva ES, Tomilova AA, Travina OV, Tanmuangpak K, Tumpeesuwan S, Vikhrev IV, Bolotov IN. Integrative taxonomy and biogeographic affinities of the first freshwater sponge and mollusc association discovered in tropical Asia. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agniya M. Sokolova
- N. K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Olga V. Aksenova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Yulia V. Bespalaya
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Gofarov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kondakov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Konopleva
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Alena A. Tomilova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Oksana V. Travina
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Kitti Tanmuangpak
- Department of Science Faculty of Science and Technology Loei Rajabhat University Loei Thailand
| | - Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Mahasarakham University Maha Sarakham Thailand
| | - Ilya V. Vikhrev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Ivan N. Bolotov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia
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12
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Bowen BW, Forsman ZH, Whitney JL, Faucci A, Hoban M, Canfield SJ, Johnston EC, Coleman RR, Copus JM, Vicente J, Toonen RJ. Species Radiations in the Sea: What the Flock? J Hered 2021; 111:70-83. [PMID: 31943081 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species flocks are proliferations of closely-related species, usually after colonization of depauperate habitat. These radiations are abundant on oceanic islands and in ancient freshwater lakes, but rare in marine habitats. This contrast is well documented in the Hawaiian Archipelago, where terrestrial examples include the speciose silverswords (sunflower family Asteraceae), Drosophila fruit flies, and honeycreepers (passerine birds), all derived from one or a few ancestral lineages. The marine fauna of Hawai'i is also the product of rare colonization events, but these colonizations usually yield only one species. Dispersal ability is key to understanding this evolutionary inequity. While terrestrial fauna rarely colonize between oceanic islands, marine fauna with pelagic larvae can make this leap in every generation. An informative exception is the marine fauna that lack a pelagic larval stage. These low-dispersal species emulate a "terrestrial" mode of reproduction (brooding, viviparity, crawl-away larvae), yielding marine species flocks in scattered locations around the world. Elsewhere, aquatic species flocks are concentrated in specific geographic settings, including the ancient lakes of Baikal (Siberia) and Tanganyika (eastern Africa), and Antarctica. These locations host multiple species flocks across a broad taxonomic spectrum, indicating a unifying evolutionary phenomenon. Hence marine species flocks can be singular cases that arise due to restricted dispersal or other intrinsic features, or they can be geographically clustered, promoted by extrinsic ecological circumstances. Here, we review and contrast intrinsic cases of species flocks in individual taxa, and extrinsic cases of geological/ecological opportunity, to elucidate the processes of species radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Bowen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Zac H Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Jonathan L Whitney
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI
| | - Anuschka Faucci
- Math & Sciences Division, Leeward Community College, University of Hawai'i, Pearl City, HI
| | - Mykle Hoban
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | | | - Erika C Johnston
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Richard R Coleman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Joshua M Copus
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Jan Vicente
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
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13
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Lan Y, Sun J, Chen C, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, Li R, Zhou K, Wong WC, Kwan YH, Cheng A, Bougouffa S, Van Dover CL, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Hologenome analysis reveals dual symbiosis in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent snail Gigantopelta aegis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1165. [PMID: 33608555 PMCID: PMC7895826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents often form obligatory symbioses with bacteria, maintained by intricate host-symbiont interactions. Most genomic studies on holobionts have not investigated both sides to similar depths. Here, we report dual symbiosis in the peltospirid snail Gigantopelta aegis with two gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts: a sulfur oxidiser and a methane oxidiser. We assemble high-quality genomes for all three parties, including a chromosome-level host genome. Hologenomic analyses reveal mutualism with nutritional complementarity and metabolic co-dependency, highly versatile in transporting and using chemical energy. Gigantopelta aegis likely remodels its immune system to facilitate dual symbiosis. Comparisons with Chrysomallon squamiferum, a confamilial snail with a single sulfur-oxidising gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont, show that their sulfur-oxidising endosymbionts are phylogenetically distant. This is consistent with previous findings that they evolved endosymbiosis convergently. Notably, the two sulfur-oxidisers share the same capabilities in biosynthesising nutrients lacking in the host genomes, potentially a key criterion in symbiont selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lan
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Chuen Wong
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yick Hang Kwan
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Salim Bougouffa
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cindy Lee Van Dover
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, United States
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Zhang K, Sun J, Xu T, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Phylogenetic Relationships and Adaptation in Deep-Sea Mussels: Insights from Mitochondrial Genomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041900. [PMID: 33672964 PMCID: PMC7918742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are an excellent source of information for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies, but their application in marine invertebrates is limited. In the present study, we utilized mitogenomes to elucidate the phylogeny and environmental adaptation in deep-sea mussels (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae). We sequenced and assembled seven bathymodioline mitogenomes. A phylogenetic analysis integrating the seven newly assembled and six previously reported bathymodioline mitogenomes revealed that these bathymodiolines are divided into three well-supported clades represented by five Gigantidas species, six Bathymodiolus species, and two "Bathymodiolus" species, respectively. A Common interval Rearrangement Explorer (CREx) analysis revealed a gene order rearrangement in bathymodiolines that is distinct from that in other shallow-water mytilids. The CREx analysis also suggested that reversal, transposition, and tandem duplications with subsequent random gene loss (TDRL) may have been responsible for the evolution of mitochondrial gene orders in bathymodiolines. Moreover, a comparison of the mitogenomes of shallow-water and deep-sea mussels revealed that the latter lineage has experienced relaxed purifying selection, but 16 residues of the atp6, nad4, nad2, cob, nad5, and cox2 genes have underwent positive selection. Overall, this study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic adaptations of deep-sea mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 93117, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 93117, China
- Correspondence: (J.-W.Q.); (P.-Y.Q.)
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
- Correspondence: (J.-W.Q.); (P.-Y.Q.)
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15
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Breusing C, Johnson SB, Tunnicliffe V, Clague DA, Vrijenhoek RC, Beinart RA. Allopatric and Sympatric Drivers of Speciation in Alviniconcha Hydrothermal Vent Snails. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:3469-3484. [PMID: 32658967 PMCID: PMC7743903 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of speciation in the marine environment, the mechanisms underlying evolutionary diversification in deep-sea habitats remain poorly investigated. Here, we used multigene molecular clocks and population genetic inferences to examine processes that led to the emergence of the six extant lineages of Alviniconcha snails, a key taxon inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. We show that both allopatric divergence through historical vicariance and ecological isolation due to niche segregation contributed to speciation in this genus. The split between the two major Alviniconcha clades (separating A. boucheti and A. marisindica from A. kojimai, A. hessleri, and A. strummeri) probably resulted from tectonic processes leading to geographic separation, whereas the splits between co-occurring species might have been influenced by ecological factors, such as the availability of specific chemosynthetic symbionts. Phylogenetic origin of the sixth species, Alviniconcha adamantis, remains uncertain, although its sister position to other extant Alviniconcha lineages indicates a possible ancestral relationship. This study lays a foundation for future genomic studies aimed at deciphering the roles of local adaptation, reproductive biology, and host–symbiont compatibility in speciation of these vent-restricted snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Breusing
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI
| | | | - Verena Tunnicliffe
- Department of Biology and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David A Clague
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA
| | | | - Roxanne A Beinart
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI
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16
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Zeng Y, Wiens JJ. Species interactions have predictable impacts on diversification. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:239-248. [PMID: 33146947 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of ecology is to reveal generalities in the myriad types of interactions among species, such as competition, mutualism and predation. Another goal is to explain the enormous differences in species richness among groups of organisms. Here, we show how these two goals are intertwined: we find that different types of species interactions have predictable impacts on rates of species diversification, which underlie richness patterns. On the basis of a systematic review, we show that interactions with positive fitness effects for individuals of a clade (e.g. insect pollination for plants) generally increase that clade's diversification rates. Conversely, we find that interactions with negative fitness effects (e.g. predation for prey, competition) generally decrease diversification rates. The sampled clades incorporate all animals and land plants, encompassing 90% of all described species across life. Overall, we show that different types of local-scale species interactions can predictably impact large-scale patterns of diversification and richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zeng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0088, USA
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0088, USA
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17
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Ma L, Wang WX. Subcellular metal distribution in two deep-sea mollusks: Insight of metal adaptation and detoxification near hydrothermal vents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115303. [PMID: 32836047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb and As and their subcellular distributions within the tissues of mussels (Bathymodiolus marisindicus) and snails (Gigantopelta aegis) from two hydrothermal vent regions, i.e., Tiancheng and Longqi, at Southwest Indian Ridge. Mussels collected from the two venting regions showed comparable concentrations for Ni and Pb, but Cu, Zn, Cd and As concentrations were significantly different in mussel gills between the two vent regions. Similar ranges of metal concentrations were found in the snails as those in the mussels, but most of the metals were mainly accumulated in the viscera, except for Ni. Similar subcellular partitioning of Cu, Zn and Cd was documented in different mussel tissues, with cellular debris (50%) being the predominant fraction, followed by equivalent values in other fractions. Lead was distributed in both cellular debris and metal-rich granules (MRG) fraction, whereas Ni was predominantly distributed in MRG (90%). Arsenic was mainly partitioned in cellular debris and metallothionein-like protein. However, deep-sea snails displayed elevated subcellular partitioning of Cu in the organelles (up to 60%) and may be more susceptible to Cu stress than the mussels. Our results demonstrated the metal-specificity of detoxification strategies in these deep-sea hydrothermal vent mollusks, and the mussels may be more adaptable to high metal exposures than the snails at hydrothermal vent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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18
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Dataset supporting description of the new mussel species of genus Gigantidas (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) and metagenomic data of bacterial community in the host mussel gill tissue. Data Brief 2020; 30:105651. [PMID: 32395595 PMCID: PMC7206200 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article contains supplementary data from the research paper entitled “A newly discovered Gigantidas bivalve mussel from the Onnuri Vent Field on the northern Central Indian Ridge” [1], describes a new mussel species within the subfamily Bathymodiolinae named Gigantidas vrijenhoeki. Data are comprised of two parts: 1) shell image and molecular analyses of G. vrijenhoeki and 2) metagenomic community analyses of gill-associated symbiotic bacteria on G. vrijenhoeki. G. vrijenhoeki data were obtained from type specimens described in Jang et al. 2020 [1]. The molecular analysis was conducted by calculating genetic distance at intra- and inter-specific level within genus Gigantidas based on the sequence data of two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND4). The metagenomic dataset of gill-associated symbionts were generated by Illumina Miseq sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA from 12 specimens of G. vrijenhoeki collected from the same vent site, Onnuri Vent Field.
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19
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Audino JA, Serb JM, Marian JEAR. Phylogeny and anatomy of marine mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) reveal convergent evolution of siphon traits. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Convergent morphology is a strong indication of an adaptive trait. Marine mussels (Mytilidae) have long been studied for their ecology and economic importance. However, variation in lifestyle and phenotype also make them suitable models for studies focused on ecomorphological correlation and adaptation. The present study investigates mantle margin diversity and ecological transitions in the Mytilidae to identify macroevolutionary patterns and test for convergent evolution. A fossil-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis of Mytilidae is inferred based on five genes for 33 species (19 genera). Morphological variation in the mantle margin is examined in 43 preserved species (25 genera) and four focal species are examined for detailed anatomy. Trait evolution is investigated by ancestral state estimation and correlation tests. Our phylogeny recovers two main clades derived from an epifaunal ancestor. Subsequently, different lineages convergently shifted to other lifestyles: semi-infaunal or boring into hard substrate. Such transitions are correlated with the development of long siphons in the posterior mantle region. Two independent origins are reconstructed for the posterior lobules on the inner fold, which are associated with intense mucociliary transport, suggesting an important cleansing role in epifaunal mussels. Our results reveal new examples of convergent morphological evolution associated with lifestyle transitions in marine mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Audino
- Department of Zoology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeanne M Serb
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 2200 Osborn Dr., Ames, IA, USA
| | - José Eduardo A R Marian
- Department of Zoology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Romero Picazo D, Dagan T, Ansorge R, Petersen JM, Dubilier N, Kupczok A. Horizontally transmitted symbiont populations in deep-sea mussels are genetically isolated. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2954-2968. [PMID: 31395952 PMCID: PMC6863903 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotes are habitats for bacterial organisms where the host colonization and dispersal among individual hosts have consequences for the bacterial ecology and evolution. Vertical symbiont transmission leads to geographic isolation of the microbial population and consequently to genetic isolation of microbiotas from individual hosts. In contrast, the extent of geographic and genetic isolation of horizontally transmitted microbiota is poorly characterized. Here we show that chemosynthetic symbionts of individual Bathymodiolus brooksi mussels constitute genetically isolated subpopulations. The reconstruction of core genome-wide strains from high-resolution metagenomes revealed distinct phylogenetic clades. Nucleotide diversity and strain composition vary along the mussel life span and individual hosts show a high degree of genetic isolation. Our results suggest that the uptake of environmental bacteria is a restricted process in B. brooksi, where self-infection of the gill tissue results in serial founder effects during symbiont evolution. We conclude that bacterial colonization dynamics over the host life cycle is thus an important determinant of population structure and genome evolution of horizontally transmitted symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devani Romero Picazo
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Tal Dagan
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rebecca Ansorge
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jillian M Petersen
- Division of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Kupczok
- Genomic Microbiology Group, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
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21
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Kiel S, Peckmann J. Resource partitioning among brachiopods and bivalves at ancient hydrocarbon seeps: A hypothesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221887. [PMID: 31487311 PMCID: PMC6728048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachiopods were thought to have dominated deep-sea hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps for most of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and were believed to have been outcompeted and replaced by chemosymbiotic bivalves during the Late Cretaceous. But recent findings of bivalve-rich seep deposits of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age have questioned this paradigm. By tabulating the generic diversity of the dominant brachiopod and bivalve clades–dimerelloid brachiopods and chemosymbiotic bivalves–from hydrocarbon seeps through the Phanerozoic, we show that their evolutionary trajectories are largely unrelated to one another, indicating that they have not been competing for the same resources. We hypothesize that the dimerelloid brachiopods generally preferred seeps with abundant hydrocarbons in the bottom waters above the seep, such as oil seeps or methane seeps with diffusive seepage, whereas seeps with strong, advective fluid flow and hence abundant hydrogen sulfide were less favorable for them. At methane seeps typified by diffusive seepage and oil seeps, oxidation of hydrocarbons in the bottom water by chemotrophic bacteria enhances the growth of bacterioplankton, on which the brachiopods could have filter fed. Whereas chemosymbiotic bivalves mostly relied on sulfide-oxidizing symbionts for nutrition, for the brachiopods aerobic bacterial oxidation of methane and other hydrocarbons played a more prominent role. The availability of geofuels (i.e. the reduced chemical compounds used in chemosynthesis such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbons) at seeps is mostly governed by fluid flow rates, geological setting, and marine sulfate concentrations. Thus rather than competition, we suggest that geofuel type and availability controlled the distribution of brachiopods and bivalves at hydrocarbon seeps through the Phanerozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kiel
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörn Peckmann
- Universität Hamburg, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute for Geology, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Molecular characterization of Bathymodiolus mussels and gill symbionts associated with chemosynthetic habitats from the U.S. Atlantic margin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211616. [PMID: 30870419 PMCID: PMC6417655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus are among the most widespread colonizers of hydrothermal vent and cold seep environments, sustained by endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria. Presumed species of Bathymodiolus are abundant at newly discovered cold seeps on the Mid-Atlantic continental slope, however morphological taxonomy is challenging, and their phylogenetic affinities remain unestablished. Here we used mitochondrial sequence to classify species found at three seep sites (Baltimore Canyon seep (BCS; ~400m); Norfolk Canyon seep (NCS; ~1520m); and Chincoteague Island seep (CTS; ~1000m)). Mitochondrial COI (N = 162) and ND4 (N = 39) data suggest that Bathymodiolus childressi predominates at these sites, although single B. mauritanicus and B. heckerae individuals were detected. As previous work had suggested that methanotrophic and thiotrophic interactions can both occur at a site, and within an individual mussel, we investigated the symbiont communities in gill tissues of a subset of mussels from BCS and NCS. We constructed metabarcode libraries with four different primer sets spanning the 16S gene. A methanotrophic phylotype dominated all gill microbial samples from BCS, but sulfur-oxidizing Campylobacterota were represented by a notable minority of sequences from NCS. The methanotroph phylotype shared a clade with globally distributed Bathymodiolus spp. symbionts from methane seeps and hydrothermal vents. Two distinct Campylobacterota phylotypes were prevalent in NCS samples, one of which shares a clade with Campylobacterota associated with B. childressi from the Gulf of Mexico and the other with Campylobacterota associated with other deep-sea fauna. Variation in chemosynthetic symbiont communities among sites and individuals has important ecological and geochemical implications and suggests shifting reliance on methanotrophy. Continued characterization of symbionts from cold seeps will provide a greater understanding of the ecology of these unique environments as well and their geochemical footprint in elemental cycling and energy flux.
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23
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Piquet B, Shillito B, Lallier FH, Duperron S, Andersen AC. High rates of apoptosis visualized in the symbiont-bearing gills of deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211499. [PMID: 30716127 PMCID: PMC6361440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between Bathymodiolus and Gammaproteobacteria allows these deep-sea mussels to live in toxic environments such as hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The quantity of endosymbionts within the gill-bacteriocytes appears to vary according to the hosts environment; however, the mechanisms of endosymbiont population size regulation remain obscure. We investigated the possibility of a control of endosymbiont density by apoptosis, a programmed cell death, in three mussel species. Fluorometric TUNEL and active Caspase-3-targeting antibodies were used to visualize and quantify apoptotic cells in mussel gills. To control for potential artefacts due to depressurization upon specimen recovery from the deep-sea, the apoptotic rates between mussels recovered unpressurised, versus mussels recovered in a pressure-maintaining device, were compared in two species from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Bathymodiolus azoricus and B. puteoserpentis. Results show that pressurized recovery had no significant effect on the apoptotic rate in the gill filaments. Apoptotic levels were highest in the ciliated zone and in the circulating hemocytes, compared to the bacteriocyte zone. Apoptotic gill-cells in B. aff. boomerang from cold seeps off the Gulf of Guinea show similar distribution patterns. Deep-sea symbiotic mussels have much higher rates of apoptosis in their gills than the coastal mussel Mytilus edulis, which lacks chemolithoautotrophic symbionts. We discuss how apoptosis might be one of the mechanisms that contribute to the adaptation of deep-sea mussels to toxic environments and/or to symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Piquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, AD2M, Team: Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés marins en Conditions Extrêmes (UMR 7144), ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, SBR, Roscoff, France
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA, Lab. Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques BOREA (UMR 7208), Team: Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes, AMEX, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Bruce Shillito
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA, Lab. Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques BOREA (UMR 7208), Team: Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes, AMEX, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - François H. Lallier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, AD2M, Team: Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés marins en Conditions Extrêmes (UMR 7144), ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, SBR, Roscoff, France
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA, Lab. Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques BOREA (UMR 7208), Team: Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes, AMEX, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Lab. Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (UMR 7245), Team: Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, CCE, 12 rue Buffon, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ACA); (SD)
| | - Ann C. Andersen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, AD2M, Team: Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés marins en Conditions Extrêmes (UMR 7144), ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, SBR, Roscoff, France
- * E-mail: (ACA); (SD)
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Aguzzi J, Fanelli E, Ciuffardi T, Schirone A, De Leo FC, Doya C, Kawato M, Miyazaki M, Furushima Y, Costa C, Fujiwara Y. Faunal activity rhythms influencing early community succession of an implanted whale carcass offshore Sagami Bay, Japan. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11163. [PMID: 30042515 PMCID: PMC6057991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic community succession patterns at whale falls have been previously established by means of punctual submersible and ROV observations. The contribution of faunal activity rhythms in response to internal tides and photoperiod cues to that community succession dynamism has never been evaluated. Here, we present results from a high-frequency monitoring experiment of an implanted sperm whale carcass in the continental slope (500 m depth) offshore Sagami Bay, Japan. The benthic community succession was monitored at a high frequency in a prolonged fashion (i.e. 2-h intervals for 2.5 months) with a seafloor lander equipped with a time-lapse video camera and an acoustic Doppler profiler to concomitantly study current flow dynamics. We reported here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of strong 24-h day-night driven behavioral rhythms of the most abundant species (Simenchelys parasitica; Macrocheira kaempferi, and Pterothrissus gissu). Those rhythms were detected in detriment of tidally-controlled ones. Evidence of a diel temporal niche portioning between scavengers and predators avoiding co-occurrence at the carcass, is also provided. The high-frequency photographic and oceanographic data acquisition also helped to precisely discriminate the transition timing between the successional stages previously described for whale falls’ attendant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aguzzi
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM) of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - T Ciuffardi
- Marine Environment Research Centre of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies and Sustainable Development (ENEA), P.O. Box 224, 19100, Pozzuolo di Lerici (SP), Italy
| | - A Schirone
- Marine Environment Research Centre of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies and Sustainable Development (ENEA), P.O. Box 224, 19100, Pozzuolo di Lerici (SP), Italy
| | - F C De Leo
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3080, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - C Doya
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM) of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Kawato
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Miyazaki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Y Furushima
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - C Costa
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca per l'Ingegneria e le Trasformazioni agroalimentari (CREA-IT), 00016, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Y Fujiwara
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
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25
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Cheng J, Chan TY, Zhang N, Sun S, Sha ZL. Mitochondrial phylogenomics reveals insights into taxonomy and evolution of Penaeoidea (Crustacea: Decapoda). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Cheng
- Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Tin-Yam Chan
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung Taiwan
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Song Sun
- Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhong-li Sha
- Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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26
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Liu J, Liu H, Zhang H. Phylogeny and evolutionary radiation of the marine mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 126:233-240. [PMID: 29689409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The marine mussels (Mytilidae) are distributed in the oceans worldwide and occupy various habitats with diverse life styles. However, their taxonomy and phylogeny remain unclear from genus to family level due to equivocal morphological and anatomical characters among some taxa. In this study, we inferred the deep phylogenetic relationships among 42 mytiloid species, 19 genera, and five subfamilies of the extant marine mussels by using two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and three nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA, and histone H3) genes. Phylogeny was reconstructed with a combination of five genes using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood method, and divergence time was estimated for the major nodes using a relaxed clock model with three fossil calibrations. Phylogenetic trees revealed two major clades (Clades 1 and 2). In Clade 1, the deep-sea mussels (subfamily Bathymodiolinae) were sister to subfamily Modiolinae (represented by Modiolus), and then was clustered with Leiosolenus (subfamily Lithophaginae). Clade 2 comprised Lithophaga (Lithophaginae) and subfamily Mytilinae. Additionally, a Modiolus species and Musculus senhousia (subfamily Crenellinae) were positioned within the subfamily Mytilinae. The phylogenetic results strongly indicated monophyly of Mytilidae and Bathymodiolinae, polyphyly of Modiolinae and Lithophaginae, and paraphyly of Mytilinae. Divergence time estimation showed an ancient and gradual divergence in most mussel groups, whereas the deep-sea mussels originated recently and diverged rapidly during the Paleogene. The present study provides new insight into the evolutionary history of the marine mussels, and supports taxonomic revision for this important bivalve group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sanya, China
| | - Helu Liu
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sanya, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sanya, China.
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27
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Roterman CN, Lee WK, Liu X, Lin R, Li X, Won YJ. A new yeti crab phylogeny: Vent origins with indications of regional extinction in the East Pacific. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194696. [PMID: 29547631 PMCID: PMC5856415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of two new species of kiwaid squat lobsters on hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean and in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean has prompted a re-analysis of Kiwaid biogeographical history. Using a larger alignment with more fossil calibrated nodes than previously, we consider the precise relationship between Kiwaidae, Chirostylidae and Eumunididae within Chirostyloidea (Decapoda: Anomura) to be still unresolved at present. Additionally, the placement of both new species within a new “Bristly” clade along with the seep-associated Kiwa puravida is most parsimoniously interpreted as supporting a vent origin for the family, rather than a seep-to-vent progression. Fossil-calibrated divergence analysis indicates an origin for the clade around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in the eastern Pacific ~33–38 Ma, coincident with a lowering of bottom temperatures and increased ventilation in the Pacific deep sea. Likewise, the mid-Miocene (~10–16 Ma) rapid radiation of the new Bristly clade also coincides with a similar cooling event in the tropical East Pacific. The distribution, diversity, tree topology and divergence timing of Kiwaidae in the East Pacific is most consistent with a pattern of extinctions, recolonisations and radiations along fast-spreading ridges in this region and may have been punctuated by large-scale fluctuations in deep-water ventilation and temperature during the Cenozoic; further affecting the viability of Kiwaidae populations along portions of mid-ocean ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Deep-sea and Seabed Mineral Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinming Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Nanning, China
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Jin Won
- Department of Life Science, Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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28
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Kalenitchenko D, Péru E, Contreira Pereira L, Petetin C, Galand PE, Le Bris N. The early conversion of deep-sea wood falls into chemosynthetic hotspots revealed by in situ monitoring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:907. [PMID: 29343757 PMCID: PMC5772046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood debris on the ocean floor harbor flourishing communities, which include invertebrate taxa thriving in sulfide-rich habitats belonging to hydrothermal vent and methane seep deep-sea lineages. The formation of sulfidic niches from digested wood material produced by woodborers has been known for a long time, but the temporal dynamics and sulfide ranges encountered on wood falls remains unknown. Here, we show that wood falls are converted into sulfidic hotpots, before the colonization by xylophagaid bivalves. Less than a month after immersion at a depth of 520 m in oxygenated seawater the sulfide concentration increased to millimolar levels inside immersed logs. From in situ experiments combining high-frequency chemical and video monitoring, we document the rapid development of a microbial sulfur biofilm at the surface of wood. These findings highlight the fact that sulfide is initially produced from the labile components of wood and supports chemosynthesis as an early pathway of energy transfer to deep-sea wood colonists, as suggested by recent aquarium studies. The study furthermore reveals that woodborers promote sulfide-oxidation at the periphery of their burrows, thus, not only facilitating the development of sulfidic zones in the surrounding of degraded wood falls, but also governing sulfur-cycling within the wood matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kalenitchenko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Québec, Canada
| | - E Péru
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - L Contreira Pereira
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Laboratório de Hidroquímica-IO/FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - C Petetin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - P E Galand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - N Le Bris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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29
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Eilertsen MH, Kongsrud JA, Alvestad T, Stiller J, Rouse GW, Rapp HT. Do ampharetids take sedimented steps between vents and seeps? Phylogeny and habitat-use of Ampharetidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:222. [PMID: 29089027 PMCID: PMC5664827 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of higher animal taxa are shared across various chemosynthesis-based ecosystems (CBEs), which demonstrates the evolutionary link between these habitats, but on a global scale the number of species inhabiting multiple CBEs is low. The factors shaping the distributions and habitat specificity of animals within CBEs are poorly understood, but geographic proximity of habitats, depth and substratum have been suggested as important. Biogeographic studies have indicated that intermediate habitats such as sedimented vents play an important part in the diversification of taxa within CBEs, but this has not been assessed in a phylogenetic framework. Ampharetid annelids are one of the most commonly encountered animal groups in CBEs, making them a good model taxon to study the evolution of habitat use in heterotrophic animals. Here we present a review of the habitat use of ampharetid species in CBEs, and a multi-gene phylogeny of Ampharetidae, with increased taxon sampling compared to previous studies. RESULTS The review of microhabitats showed that many ampharetid species have a wide niche in terms of temperature and substratum. Depth may be limiting some species to a certain habitat, and trophic ecology and/or competition are identified as other potentially relevant factors. The phylogeny revealed that ampharetids have adapted into CBEs at least four times independently, with subsequent diversification, and shifts between ecosystems have happened in each of these clades. Evolutionary transitions are found to occur both from seep to vent and vent to seep, and the results indicate a role of sedimented vents in the transition between bare-rock vents and seeps. CONCLUSION The high number of ampharetid species recently described from CBEs, and the putative new species included in the present phylogeny, indicates that there is considerable diversity still to be discovered. This study provides a molecular framework for future studies to build upon and identifies some ecological and evolutionary hypotheses to be tested as new data is produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Eilertsen
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jon A Kongsrud
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Alvestad
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Josefin Stiller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, California, USA
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hans T Rapp
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Uni Research, Uni Environment, Bergen, Norway
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30
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Zheng P, Wang M, Li C, Sun X, Wang X, Sun Y, Sun S. Insights into deep-sea adaptations and host-symbiont interactions: A comparative transcriptome study on Bathymodiolus
mussels and their coastal relatives. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5133-5148. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- Deep Sea Research Center; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Deep Sea Research Center; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao China
| | | | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao China
- Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
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31
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Ho PT, Park E, Hong SG, Kim EH, Kim K, Jang SJ, Vrijenhoek RC, Won YJ. Geographical structure of endosymbiotic bacteria hosted by Bathymodiolus mussels at eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:121. [PMID: 28558648 PMCID: PMC5450337 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemolithoautotrophic primary production sustains dense invertebrate communities at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps. Symbiotic bacteria that oxidize dissolved sulfur, methane, and hydrogen gases nourish bathymodiolin mussels that thrive in these environments worldwide. The mussel symbionts are newly acquired in each generation via infection by free-living forms. This study examined geographical subdivision of the thiotrophic endosymbionts hosted by Bathymodiolus mussels living along the eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents. High-throughput sequencing data of 16S ribosomal RNA encoding gene and fragments of six protein-coding genes of symbionts were examined in the samples collected from nine vent localities at the East Pacific Rise, Galápagos Rift, and Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. RESULTS Both of the parapatric sister-species, B. thermophilus and B. antarcticus, hosted the same numerically dominant phylotype of thiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria. However, sequences from six protein-coding genes revealed highly divergent symbiont lineages living north and south of the Easter Microplate and hosted by these two Bathymodiolus mussel species. High heterogeneity of symbiont haplotypes among host individuals sampled from the same location suggested that stochasticity associated with initial infections was amplified as symbionts proliferated within the host individuals. The mussel species presently contact one another and hybridize along the Easter Microplate, but the northern and southern symbionts appear to be completely isolated. Vicariance associated with orogeny of the Easter Microplate region, 2.5-5.3 million years ago, may have initiated isolation of the symbiont and host populations. Estimates of synonymous substitution rates for the protein-coding bacterial genes examined in this study were 0.77-1.62%/nucleotide/million years. CONCLUSIONS Our present study reports the most comprehensive population genetic analyses of the chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria based on high-throughput genetic data and extensive geographical sampling to date, and demonstrates the role of the geographical features, the Easter Microplate and geographical distance, in the intraspecific divergence of this bacterial species along the mid-ocean ridge axes in the eastern Pacific. Altogether, our results provide insights into extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting the dispersal and evolution of chemosynthetic symbiotic partners in the hydrothermal vents along the eastern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong-Thao Ho
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Soon Gyu Hong
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangchon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sook-Jin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Jin Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea. .,Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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32
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Xu T, Zhang Y, Mu H, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Fields CJ, Hui JHL, Zhang W, Li R, Nong W, Cheung FKM, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Adaptation to deep-sea chemosynthetic environments as revealed by mussel genomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:121. [PMID: 28812709 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are extreme deep-sea ecosystems that support dense populations of specialized macro-benthos such as mussels. But the lack of genome information hinders the understanding of the adaptation of these animals to such inhospitable environments. Here we report the genomes of a deep-sea vent/seep mussel (Bathymodiolus platifrons) and a shallow-water mussel (Modiolus philippinarum). Phylogenetic analysis shows that these mussel species diverged approximately 110.4 million years ago. Many gene families, especially those for stabilizing protein structures and removing toxic substances from cells, are highly expanded in B. platifrons, indicating adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. The innate immune system of B. platifrons is considerably more complex than that of other lophotrochozoan species, including M. philippinarum, with substantial expansion and high expression levels of gene families that are related to immune recognition, endocytosis and caspase-mediated apoptosis in the gill, revealing presumed genetic adaptation of the deep-sea mussel to the presence of its chemoautotrophic endosymbionts. A follow-up metaproteomic analysis of the gill of B. platifrons shows methanotrophy, assimilatory sulfate reduction and ammonia metabolic pathways in the symbionts, providing energy and nutrients, which allow the host to thrive. Our study of the genomic composition allowing symbiosis in extremophile molluscs gives wider insights into the mechanisms of symbiosis in other organisms such as deep-sea tubeworms and giant clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Huawei Mu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher J Fields
- High Performance Computing in Biology, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Centre, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jerome Ho Lam Hui
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fiona Ka Man Cheung
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-CAS Joint Laboratory, Sanya Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Sanya 572000, China
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Baele G, Suchard MA, Rambaut A, Lemey P. Emerging Concepts of Data Integration in Pathogen Phylodynamics. Syst Biol 2017; 66:e47-e65. [PMID: 28173504 PMCID: PMC5837209 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylodynamics has become an increasingly popular statistical framework to extract evolutionary and epidemiological information from pathogen genomes. By harnessing such information, epidemiologists aim to shed light on the spatio-temporal patterns of spread and to test hypotheses about the underlying interaction of evolutionary and ecological dynamics in pathogen populations. Although the field has witnessed a rich development of statistical inference tools with increasing levels of sophistication, these tools initially focused on sequences as their sole primary data source. Integrating various sources of information, however, promises to deliver more precise insights in infectious diseases and to increase opportunities for statistical hypothesis testing. Here, we review how the emerging concept of data integration is stimulating new advances in Bayesian evolutionary inference methodology which formalize a marriage of statistical thinking and evolutionary biology. These approaches include connecting sequence to trait evolution, such as for host, phenotypic and geographic sampling information, but also the incorporation of covariates of evolutionary and epidemic processes in the reconstruction procedures. We highlight how a full Bayesian approach to covariate modeling and testing can generate further insights into sequence evolution, trait evolution, and population dynamics in pathogen populations. Specific examples demonstrate how such approaches can be used to test the impact of host on rabies and HIV evolutionary rates, to identify the drivers of influenza dispersal as well as the determinants of rabies cross-species transmissions, and to quantify the evolutionary dynamics of influenza antigenicity. Finally, we briefly discuss how data integration is now also permeating through the inference of transmission dynamics, leading to novel insights into tree-generative processes and detailed reconstructions of transmission trees. [Bayesian inference; birth–death models; coalescent models; continuous trait evolution; covariates; data integration; discrete trait evolution; pathogen phylodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kiel S. A biogeographic network reveals evolutionary links between deep-sea hydrothermal vent and methane seep faunas. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20162337. [PMID: 27974524 PMCID: PMC5204157 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are inhabited by members of the same higher taxa but share few species, thus scientists have long sought habitats or regions of intermediate character that would facilitate connectivity among these habitats. Here, a network analysis of 79 vent, seep, and whale-fall communities with 121 genus-level taxa identified sedimented vents as a main intermediate link between the two types of ecosystems. Sedimented vents share hot, metal-rich fluids with mid-ocean ridge-type vents and soft sediment with seeps. Such sites are common along the active continental margins of the Pacific Ocean, facilitating connectivity among vent/seep faunas in this region. By contrast, sedimented vents are rare in the Atlantic Ocean, offering an explanation for the greater distinction between its vent and seep faunas compared with those of the Pacific Ocean. The distribution of subduction zones and associated back-arc basins, where sedimented vents are common, likely plays a major role in the evolutionary and biogeographic connectivity of vent and seep faunas. The hypothesis that decaying whale carcasses are dispersal stepping stones linking these environments is not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kiel
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, Stockholm 10405, Sweden
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35
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Tobler M, Passow CN, Greenway R, Kelley JL, Shaw JH. The Evolutionary Ecology of Animals Inhabiting Hydrogen Sulfide–Rich Environments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a respiratory toxicant that creates extreme environments tolerated by few organisms. H2S is also produced endogenously by metazoans and plays a role in cell signaling. The mechanisms of H2S toxicity and its physiological functions serve as a basis to discuss the multifarious strategies that allow animals to survive in H2S-rich environments. Despite their toxicity, H2S-rich environments also provide ecological opportunities, and complex selective regimes of covarying abiotic and biotic factors drive trait evolution in organisms inhabiting H2S-rich environments. Furthermore, adaptation to H2S-rich environments can drive speciation, giving rise to biodiversity hot spots with high levels of endemism in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and freshwater sulfide springs. The diversity of H2S-rich environments and their inhabitants provides ideal systems for comparative studies of the effects of a clear-cut source of selection across vast geographic and phylogenetic scales, ultimately informing our understanding of how environmental stressors affect ecological and evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | | | - Ryan Greenway
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Joanna L. Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Jennifer H. Shaw
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
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Assié A, Borowski C, van der Heijden K, Raggi L, Geier B, Leisch N, Schimak MP, Dubilier N, Petersen JM. A specific and widespread association between deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels and a novel family of Epsilonproteobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:805-813. [PMID: 27428292 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bathymodiolus mussels dominate animal communities at many hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Essential to the mussels' ecological and evolutionary success is their association with symbiotic methane- and sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacteria, which provide them with nutrition. In addition to these well-known gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts, we found epsilonproteobacterial sequences in metatranscriptomes, metagenomes and 16S rRNA clone libraries as well as by polymerase chain reaction screening of Bathymodiolus species sampled from vents and seeps around the world. These epsilonproteobacterial sequences were closely related, indicating that the association is highly specific. The Bathymodiolus-associated epsilonproteobacterial 16S rRNA sequences were at most 87.6% identical to the closest cultured relative, and 91.2% identical to the closest sequences in public databases. This clade therefore represents a novel family within the Epsilonproteobacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy showed that the bacteria are filamentous epibionts associated with the gill epithelia in two Bathymodiolus species. In animals that host highly specific symbioses with one or a few types of endosymbionts, other less-abundant members of the microbiota can be easily overlooked. Our work highlights how widespread and specific associations with less-abundant microbes can be. Possibly, these microbes play an important role in the survival and health of their animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Assié
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Christian Borowski
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | | | - Luciana Raggi
- CIGoM, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, C.P.62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Benedikt Geier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Leisch
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Mario P Schimak
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Jillian M Petersen
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Deep-sea whale fall fauna from the Atlantic resembles that of the Pacific Ocean. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22139. [PMID: 26907101 PMCID: PMC4764926 DOI: 10.1038/srep22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whale carcasses create remarkable habitats in the deep-sea by producing concentrated sources of organic matter for a food-deprived biota as well as places of evolutionary novelty and biodiversity. Although many of the faunal patterns on whale falls have already been described, the biogeography of these communities is still poorly known especially from basins other than the NE Pacific Ocean. The present work describes the community composition of the deepest natural whale carcass described to date found at 4204 m depth on Southwest Atlantic Ocean with manned submersible Shinkai 6500. This is the first record of a natural whale fall in the deep Atlantic Ocean. The skeleton belonged to an Antarctic Minke whale composed of only nine caudal vertebrae, whose degradation state suggests it was on the bottom for 5–10 years. The fauna consisted mainly of galatheid crabs, a new species of the snail Rubyspira and polychaete worms, including a new Osedax species. Most of the 41 species found in the carcass are new to science, with several genera shared with NE Pacific whale falls and vent and seep ecosystems. This similarity suggests the whale-fall fauna is widespread and has dispersed in a stepping stone fashion, deeply influencing its evolutionary history.
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Danise S, Higgs ND. Bone-eating Osedax worms lived on Mesozoic marine reptile deadfalls. Biol Lett 2016; 11:20150072. [PMID: 25878047 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report fossil traces of Osedax, a genus of siboglinid annelids that consume the skeletons of sunken vertebrates on the ocean floor, from early-Late Cretaceous (approx. 100 Myr) plesiosaur and sea turtle bones. Although plesiosaurs went extinct at the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Myr), chelonioids survived the event and diversified, and thus provided sustenance for Osedax in the 20 Myr gap preceding the radiation of cetaceans, their main modern food source. This finding shows that marine reptile carcasses, before whales, played a key role in the evolution and dispersal of Osedax and confirms that its generalist ability of colonizing different vertebrate substrates, like fishes and marine birds, besides whale bones, is an ancestral trait. A Cretaceous age for unequivocal Osedax trace fossils also dates back to the Mesozoic the origin of the entire siboglinid family, which includes chemosynthetic tubeworms living at hydrothermal vents and seeps, contrary to phylogenetic estimations of a Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic origin (approx. 50-100 Myr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Danise
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK Department of Geology, University of Georgia, 210 Field Street, 30602 Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Higgs
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Vermeij GJ. Gigantism and Its Implications for the History of Life. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146092. [PMID: 26771527 PMCID: PMC4714876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gigantism-very large body size-is an ecologically important trait associated with competitive superiority. Although it has been studied in particular cases, the general conditions for the evolution and maintenance of gigantism remain obscure. I compiled sizes and dates for the largest species in 3 terrestrial and 7 marine trophic and habitat categories of animals from throughout the Phanerozoic. The largest species (global giants) in all categories are of post-Paleozoic age. Gigantism at this level appeared tens to hundreds of millions of years after mass extinctions and long after the origins of clades in which it evolved. Marine gigantism correlates with high planktic or seafloor productivity, but on land the correspondence between productivity and gigantism is weak at best. All global giants are aerobically active animals, not gentle giants with low metabolic demands. Oxygen concentration in the atmosphere correlates with gigantism in the Paleozoic but not thereafter, likely because of the elaboration of efficient gas-exchange systems in clades containing giants. Although temperature and habitat size are important in the evolution of very large size in some cases, the most important (and rare) enabling circumstance is a highly developed ecological infrastructure in which essential resources are abundant and effectively recycled and reused, permitting activity levels to increase and setting the stage for gigantic animals to evolve. Gigantism as a hallmark of competitive superiority appears to have lost its luster on land after the Mesozoic in favor of alternative means of achieving dominance, especially including social organization and coordinated food-gathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geerat J. Vermeij
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
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Laming SR, Szafranski KM, Rodrigues CF, Gaudron SM, Cunha MR, Hilário A, Le Bris N, Duperron S. Fickle or Faithful: The Roles of Host and Environmental Context in Determining Symbiont Composition in Two Bathymodioline Mussels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144307. [PMID: 26710314 PMCID: PMC4692436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea and adjoining East Atlantic Ocean host a diverse array of small-sized mussels that predominantly live on sunken, decomposing organic remains. At least two of these, Idas modiolaeformis and Idas simpsoni, are known to engage in gill-associated symbioses; however, the composition, diversity and variability of these symbioses with changing habitat and location is poorly defined. The current study presents bacterial symbiont assemblage data, derived from 454 pyrosequencing carried out on replicate specimens of these two host species, collected across seven sample sites found in three oceanographic regions in the Mediterranean and East Atlantic. The presence of several bacterial OTUs in both the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic suggests that similar symbiont candidates occur on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. The results reveal markedly different symbiotic modes in the two species. Idas modiolaeformis displays high symbiont diversity and flexibility, with strong variation in symbiont composition from the East Mediterranean to the East Atlantic. Idas simpsoni displays low symbiont diversity but high symbiont fidelity, with a single dominant OTU occurring in all specimens analysed. These differences are argued to be a function of the host species, where subtle differences in host evolution, life-history and behaviour could partially explain the observed patterns. The variability in symbiont compositions, particularly in Idas modiolaeformis, is thought to be a function of the nature, context and location of the habitat from which symbiont candidates are sourced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven R. Laming
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kamil M. Szafranski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Clara F. Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sylvie M. Gaudron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Marina R. Cunha
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Hilário
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nadine Le Bris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Banyuls, UMR8222 Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (UPMC CNRS), Station marine de Banyuls, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Laming SR, Duperron S, Gaudron SM, Hilário A, Cunha MR. Adapted to change: The rapid development of symbiosis in newly settled, fast-maturing chemosymbiotic mussels in the deep sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 112:100-112. [PMID: 26275834 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Symbioses between microbiota and marine metazoa occur globally at chemosynthetic habitats facing imminent threat from anthropogenic disturbance, yet little is known concerning the role of symbiosis during early development in chemosymbiotic metazoans: a critical period in any benthic species' lifecycle. The emerging symbiosis of Idas (sensu lato) simpsoni mussels undergoing development is assessed over a post-larval-to-adult size spectrum using histology and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Post-larval development shows similarities to that of both heterotrophic and chemosymbiotic mussels. Data from newly settled specimens confirm aposymbiotic, planktotrophic larval development. Sulphur-oxidising (SOX) symbionts subsequently colonise multiple exposed, non-ciliated epithelia shortly after metamorphosis, but only become abundant on gills as these expand with greater host size. This wide-spread bathymodiolin recorded from sulphidic wood, bone and cold-seep habitats, displays a suite of adaptive traits that could buffer against anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven R Laming
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie M Gaudron
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Hilário
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marina R Cunha
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Kiel S. Did shifting seawater sulfate concentrations drive the evolution of deep-sea methane-seep ecosystems? Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142908. [PMID: 25716797 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and evolution of the faunas inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seeps have been debated for decades. These faunas rely on a local source of sulfide and other reduced chemicals for nutrition, which spawned the hypothesis that their evolutionary history is independent from that of photosynthesis-based food chains and instead driven by extinction events caused by deep-sea anoxia. Here I use the fossil record of seep molluscs to show that trends in body size, relative abundance and epifaunal/infaunal ratios track current estimates of seawater sulfate concentrations through the last 150 Myr. Furthermore, the two main faunal turnovers during this time interval coincide with major changes in seawater sulfate concentrations. Because sulfide at seeps originates mostly from seawater sulfate, variations in sulfate concentrations should directly affect the base of the food chain of this ecosystem and are thus the likely driver of the observed macroecologic and evolutionary patterns. The results imply that the methane-seep fauna evolved largely independently from developments and mass extinctions affecting the photosynthesis-based biosphere and add to the growing body of evidence that the chemical evolution of the oceans had a major impact on the evolution of marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kiel
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Geobiology Group, Goldschmidtstraße 3, Göttingen 37077, Germany Department for Geodynamics and Sedimentology, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Kiel S, Hansen BT. Cenozoic Methane-Seep Faunas of the Caribbean Region. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140788. [PMID: 26468887 PMCID: PMC4607474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report new examples of Cenozoic cold-seep communities from Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Venezuela, and attempt to improve the stratigraphic dating of Cenozoic Caribbean seep communities using strontium isotope stratigraphy. Two seep faunas are distinguished in Barbados: the late Eocene mudstone-hosted ‘Joes River fauna’ consists mainly of large lucinid bivalves and tall abyssochrysoid gastropods, and the early Miocene carbonate-hosted ‘Bath Cliffs fauna’ containing the vesicomyid Pleurophopsis, the mytilid Bathymodiolus and small gastropods. Two new Oligocene seep communities from the Sinú River basin in Colombia consist of lucinid bivalves including Elongatolucina, thyasirid and solemyid bivalves, and Pleurophopsis. A new early Miocene seep community from Cuba includes Pleurophopsis and the large lucinid Meganodontia. Strontium isotope stratigraphy suggests an Eocene age for the Cuban Elmira asphalt mine seep community, making it the oldest in the Caribbean region. A new basal Pliocene seep fauna from the Dominican Republic is characterized by the large lucinid Anodontia (Pegophysema). In Trinidad we distinguish two types of seep faunas: the mudstone-hosted Godineau River fauna consisting mainly of lucinid bivalves, and the limestone-hosted Freeman’s Bay fauna consisting chiefly of Pleurophopsis, Bathymodiolus, and small gastropods; they are all dated as late Miocene. Four new seep communities of Oligocene to Miocene age are reported from Venezuela. They consist mainly of large globular lucinid bivalves including Meganodontia, and moderately sized vesicomyid bivalves. After the late Miocene many large and typical ‘Cenozoic’ lucinid genera disappeared from the Caribbean seeps and are today known only from the central Indo-Pacific Ocean. We speculate that the increasingly oligotrophic conditions in the Caribbean Sea after the closure of the Isthmus of Panama in the Pliocene may have been unfavorable for such large lucinids because they are only facultative chemosymbiotic and need to derive a significant proportion of their nutrition from suspended organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kiel
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Geobiology Group, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 500 07, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Bent T. Hansen
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Isotope Geology, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Oliver PG. Description and morphology of the “Juan de Fuca vent mussel”, Benthomodiolus erebus sp. n. (Bivalvia, Mytilidae, Bathymodiolinae): “Phylogenetically basal but morphologically advanced”. ZOOSYST EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.91.5417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Breusing C, Johnson SB, Tunnicliffe V, Vrijenhoek RC. Population structure and connectivity in Indo-Pacific deep-sea mussels of the Bathymodiolus septemdierum complex. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tame A, Yoshida T, Ohishi K, Maruyama T. Phagocytic activities of hemocytes from the deep-sea symbiotic mussels Bathymodiolus japonicus, B. platifrons, and B. septemdierum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:146-156. [PMID: 25804489 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea mytilid mussels harbor symbiotic bacteria in their gill epithelial cells that are horizontally or environmentally transmitted to the next generation of hosts. To understand the immune defense system in deep-sea symbiotic mussels, we examined the hemocyte populations of the symbiotic Bathymodiolus mussel species Bathymodiolus japonicus, Bathymodiolus platifrons, and Bathymodiolus septemdierum, and characterized three types of hemocytes: agranulocytes (AGs), basophilic granulocytes (BGs), and eosinophilic granulocytes (EGs). Of these, the EG cells were the largest (diameter, 8.4-10.0 μm) and had eosinophilic cytoplasm with numerous eosinophilic granules (diameter, 0.8-1.2 μm). Meanwhile, the BGs were of medium size (diameter, 6.7-8.0 μm) and contained small basophilic granules (diameter, 0.3-0.4 μm) in basophilic cytoplasm, and the AGs, the smallest of the hemocytes (diameter, 4.8-6.0 μm), had basophilic cytoplasm lacking granules. A lectin binding assay revealed that concanavalin A bound to all three hemocyte types, while wheat germ agglutinin bound exclusively to EGs and BGs. The total hemocyte population densities within the hemolymph of all three Bathymodiolus mussel species were similar (8.4-13.3 × 10(5) cells/mL), and the percentages of circulating AGs, BGs, and EGs in the hemolymph of these organisms were 44.7-48.5%, 14.3-17.6%, and 34.3-41.0%, respectively. To analyze the functional differences between these hemocytes, the phagocytic activity and post-phagocytic phagosome-lysosome fusion events were analyzed in each cell type using a fluorescent Alexa Fluor(®) 488-conjugated Escherichia coli bioparticle and a LysoTracker(®) lysosomal marker, respectively. While the AGs exhibited no phagocytic activity, both types of granulocytes were phagocytic. Of the three hemocyte types, the EGs exhibited the highest level of phagocytic activity as well as rapid phagosome-lysosome fusion, which occurred within 2 h of incubation. Meanwhile, the BGs showed lower phagocytic activity and lower rates of phagosome-lysosome fusion than the EGs. These findings indicate that the two types of granulocyte play distinct roles in the defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tame
- Department of Technical Services, Marine Works Japan Ltd., Oppama Higashi-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0063, Japan; School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Takao Yoshida
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Kazue Ohishi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tadashi Maruyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
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Species distribution and population connectivity of deep-sea mussels at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118460. [PMID: 25859657 PMCID: PMC4393317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbon seepage is widespread and patchy in the Gulf of Mexico, and six species of symbiont containing bathymodiolin mussels are found on active seeps over wide and overlapping depth and geographic ranges. We use mitochondrial genes to discriminate among the previously known and a newly discovered species and to assess the connectivity among populations of the same species in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Our results generally validate the morphologically based distribution of the three previously known GoM species of Bathymodiolus, although we found that approximately 10% of the morphologically based identifications were incorrect and this resulted in some inaccuracies with respect to their previously assigned depth and geographical distribution patterns. These data allowed us to confirm that sympatry of two species of Bathymodiolus within a single patch of mussels is common. A new species of bathymodiolin, Bathymodiolus sp. nov., closely related to B. heckerae was also discovered. The two species live at the same depths but have not been found in sympatry and both have small effective population sizes. We found evidence for genetic structure within populations of the three species of Bathymodiolinae for which we had samples from multiple sites and suggest limited connectivity for populations at some sites. Despite relatively small sample sizes, genetic diversity indices suggest the largest population sizes for B. childressi and Tamu fisheri and the smallest for B. heckerae and B. sp. nov. among the GoM bathymodiolins. Moreover, we detected an excess of rare variants indicating recent demographic changes and population expansions for the four species of bathymodiolins from the Gulf of Mexico.
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Herrera S, Watanabe H, Shank TM. Evolutionary and biogeographical patterns of barnacles from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:673-89. [PMID: 25602032 PMCID: PMC5006861 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of evolutionary and biogeographical patterns is of fundamental importance to identify factors driving biodiversity. Due to their widespread but discontinuous distribution, deep-sea hydrothermal vent barnacles represent an excellent model for testing biogeographical hypotheses regarding the origin, dispersal and diversity of modern vent fauna. Here, we characterize the global genetic diversity of vent barnacles to infer their time of radiation, place of origin, mode of dispersal and diversification. Our approach was to target a suite of multiple loci in samples representing seven of the eight described genera. We also performed restriction-site associated DNA sequencing on individuals from each species. Phylogenetic inferences and topology hypothesis tests indicate that vent barnacles have colonized deep-sea hydrothermal vents at least twice in history. Consistent with preliminary estimates, we find a likely radiation of barnacles in vent ecosystems during the Cenozoic. Our analyses suggest that the western Pacific was the place of origin of the major vent barnacle lineage, followed by circumglobal colonization eastwards through the Southern Hemisphere during the Neogene. The inferred time of radiation rejects the classic hypotheses of antiquity of vent taxa. The timing and the mode of origin, radiation and dispersal are consistent with recent inferences made for other deep-sea taxa, including nonvent species, and are correlated with the occurrence of major geological events and mass extinctions. Thus, we suggest that the geological processes and dispersal mechanisms discussed here can explain the current distribution patterns of many other marine taxa and have played an important role shaping deep-sea faunal diversity. These results also constitute the critical baseline data with which to assess potential effects of anthropogenic disturbances on deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Herrera
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution266 Woods Hole RoadWoods HoleMA02543USA
| | - Hiromi Watanabe
- Institute of BiogeosciencesJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaKanagawaJapan
| | - Timothy M. Shank
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution266 Woods Hole RoadWoods HoleMA02543USA
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Rodrigues CF, Laming SR, Gaudron SM, Oliver G, Le Bris N, Duperron S. A sad tale: has the small musselIdas argenteuslost its symbionts? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara F. Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sven R. Laming
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sylvie M. Gaudron
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Graham Oliver
- National Museum of Wales; Cathays Park CF10 3NP Cardiff Wales UK
| | - Nadine Le Bris
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 CNRS UMR8222 LECOB (Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environments Benthiques) F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer France
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
- Institut Universitaire de France; Saint-Michel 103 75005 Paris France
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Cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase genes of the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus septemdierum: possible involvement in hypotaurine synthesis and adaptation to hydrogen sulfide. Amino Acids 2014; 47:571-8. [PMID: 25501502 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that invertebrates inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vent areas use the sulfinic acid hypotaurine, a precursor of taurine, to protect against the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide contained in the seawater from the vent. In this protective system, hypotaurine is accumulated in the gill, the primary site of sulfide exposure. However, the pathway for hypotaurine synthesis in mollusks has not been identified. In this study, we screened for the mRNAs of enzymes involved in hypotaurine synthesis in the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus septemdierum and cloned cDNAs encoding cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase. As mRNAs encoding cysteamine dioxygenase and cysteine lyase were not detected, the cysteine sulfinate pathway is suggested to be the major pathway of hypotaurine and taurine synthesis. The two genes were found to be expressed in all the tissues examined, but the gill exhibited the highest expression. The mRNA level in the gill was not significantly changed by exposure to sulfides or thiosulfate. These results suggests that the gill of B. septemdierum maintains high levels of expression of the two genes regardless of ambient sulfide level and accumulates hypotaurine continuously to protect against sudden exposure to high level of sulfide.
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