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Fernandes S, Revanna J, Pratt J, Hayes N, Marchetto MC, Gage FH. Modeling Alzheimer's disease using human cell derived brain organoids and 3D models. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1434945. [PMID: 39156632 PMCID: PMC11328153 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1434945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), are challenging diseases for those affected with no cure and limited treatment options. Functional, human derived brain tissues that represent the diverse genetic background and cellular subtypes contributing to sporadic AD (sAD) are limited. Human stem cell derived brain organoids recapitulate some features of human brain cytoarchitecture and AD-like pathology, providing a tool for illuminating the relationship between AD pathology and neural cell dysregulation leading to cognitive decline. In this review, we explore current strategies for implementing brain organoids in the study of AD as well as the challenges associated with investigating age-related brain diseases using organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fernandes
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jasmin Revanna
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Pratt
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Hayes
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States
| | - Maria C. Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fred H. Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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Dubey SK, Dubey R, Kleinman ME. Unraveling Histone Loss in Aging and Senescence. Cells 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38391933 PMCID: PMC10886805 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population experiences a notable surge in aging demographics, the need to understand the intricate molecular pathways exacerbated by age-related stresses, including epigenetic dysregulation, becomes a priority. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in driving age-related diseases through altered gene expression, genomic instability, and irregular chromatin remodeling. In this review, we focus on histones, a central component of the epigenome, and consolidate the key findings of histone loss and genome-wide redistribution as fundamental processes contributing to aging and senescence. The review provides insights into novel histone expression profiles, nucleosome occupancy, disruptions in higher-order chromatin architecture, and the emergence of noncanonical histone variants in the aging cellular landscape. Furthermore, we explore the current state of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of histone deficiency in aging cells. Specific emphasis is placed on highlighting histone degradation pathways in the cell and studies that have explored potential strategies to mitigate histone loss or restore histone levels in aging cells. Finally, in addressing future perspectives, the insights gained from this review hold profound implications for advancing strategies that actively intervene in modulating histone expression profiles in the context of cellular aging and identifying potential therapeutic targets for alleviating a multitude of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Ellsworth Kleinman
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (S.K.D.); (R.D.)
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3
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Yue J, Guo P, Jin Y, Li M, Hu X, Wang W, Wei X, Qi S. Momordica charantia polysaccharide ameliorates D-galactose-induced aging through the Nrf2/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 38:1067-1077. [PMID: 36287355 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is widely thought to be associated with oxidative stress. Momordica charantia (MC) is a classic vegetable and traditional herbal medicine widely consumed in Asia, and M. charantia polysaccharide (MCP) is the main bioactive ingredient of MC. We previously reported an antioxidative and neuroprotective effect of MCP in models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and hemorrhage injury. However, the role played by MCP in neurodegenerative diseases, especially during aging, remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of MCP against oxidative stress and brain damage in a D-galactose-induced aging model (DGAM). The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the spatial memory function of model rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured and telomerase activity was determined. The results showed that MCP treatment attenuated spatial memory dysfunction induced by D-galactose. In addition, MCP increased antioxidant capacity by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GSH levels. MCP treatment also improved telomerase activity in aging rats. Mechanistically, MCP promoted the entry of both Nrf2 and β-Catenin into the nucleus, which is the hallmark of antioxidation signaling pathway activation. This study highlights a role played by MCP in ameliorating aging-induced oxidative stress injury and reversing the decline in learning and memory capacity. Our work provides evidence that MCP administration might be a potential antiaging strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yue
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinhu County People's Hospital, 211600, Huaian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexinzi Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Experimental Teaching and Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, 221000, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhua Qi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Predicting physiological aging rates from a range of quantitative traits using machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23471-23516. [PMID: 34718232 PMCID: PMC8580337 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is widely thought that individuals age at different rates. A method that measures “physiological age” or physiological aging rate independent of chronological age could therefore help elucidate mechanisms of aging and inform an individual’s risk of morbidity and mortality. Here we present machine learning frameworks for inferring individual physiological age from a broad range of biochemical and physiological traits including blood phenotypes (e.g., high-density lipoprotein), cardiovascular functions (e.g., pulse wave velocity) and psychological traits (e.g., neuroticism) as main groups in two population cohorts SardiNIA (~6,100 participants) and InCHIANTI (~1,400 participants). The inferred physiological age was highly correlated with chronological age (R2 > 0.8). We further defined an individual’s physiological aging rate (PAR) as the ratio of the predicted physiological age to the chronological age. Notably, PAR was a significant predictor of survival, indicating an effect of aging rate on mortality. Our trait-based PAR was correlated with DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging score (r = 0.6), suggesting that both scores capture a common aging process. PAR was also substantially heritable (h2~0.3), and a subsequent genome-wide association study of PAR identified significant associations with two genetic loci, one of which is implicated in telomerase activity. Our findings support PAR as a proxy for an underlying whole-body aging mechanism. PAR may thus be useful to evaluate the efficacy of treatments that target aging-related deficits and controllable epidemiological factors.
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Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Drink Protects against Ischemia-Reperfusion Acute Kidney Injury in Aged Mice through Inhibiting the TGF- β1/Smad3 and HIF1 Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9963732. [PMID: 34545331 PMCID: PMC8449228 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is responsible for significant mortality among hospitalized patients that is especially troubling aged people. An effective self-made Chinese medicine formula, Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Drink (XXD), displayed therapeutic effects on AKI. However, the compositions and underlying mechanisms of XXD remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to investigate the chemical components in XXD. Then, the absorbable components of XXD were identified based on the five principles and inputted into the SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH databases to identify the drug targets. AKI-related targets were collected from the GenCLiP 3, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases. The crossover genes of XXD and AKI were identified for functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of crossover genes was constructed, followed by the identification of hub genes. Subsequently, the effects and potential mechanisms of XXD on AKI predicted by the network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses were experimentally validated in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced AKI aged mouse models. A total of 122 components in XXD were obtained; among them, 58 components were found that could be absorbed in the blood. There were 800 potential drug targets predicted from the 58 absorbable components in AKI which shared 36 crossover genes with AKI-related targets. The results of functional enrichment analysis indicated that crossover genes mostly associated with the response to oxidative stress and the HIF1 signaling pathway. In the PPI network analysis, 12 hub genes were identified, including ALB, IL-6, TNF, TP53, VEGFA, PTGS2, TLR4, NOS3, EGFR, PPARG, HIF1A, and HMOX1. In AKI aged mice, XXD prominently alleviated I/R injury-induced renal dysfunction, abnormal renal pathological changes, and cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative damage with a reduction in the expression level of the inflammatory mediator, α-SMA, collagen-1, F4/80, TP53, VEGFA, PTGS2, TLR4, NOS3, EGFR, PPARG, HIF1A, ICAM-1, TGF-β1, Smad3, and p-Smad3 and an increase of nephridial tissue p-H3, Ki67, HMOX1, MMP-9, and Smad7 levels. In summary, our findings suggest that XXD has renoprotective effects against AKI in aged mice via inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 and HIF1 signaling pathways.
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6
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Wahl D, LaRocca TJ. Transcriptomic Effects of Healthspan-Promoting Dietary Interventions: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Front Nutr 2021; 8:712129. [PMID: 34447778 PMCID: PMC8383293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.712129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor most diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, cancers, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, but select nutritional interventions may profoundly reduce the risk for these conditions. These interventions include calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, protein restriction, and reducing intake of certain amino acids. Certain ad libitum diets, including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, and Okinawan diets also promote healthy aging. Evidence indicates that these dietary strategies influence aging and healthspan by acting on the biological "hallmarks of aging" and especially upstream nutrient sensing pathways. Recent advances in "omics" technologies, including RNA-sequencing (transcriptomics), have increased our understanding of how such nutritional interventions may influence gene expression related to these biological mediators of aging, primarily in pre-clinical studies. However, whether these effects are also reflected in the human transcriptome, which may provide insight on other downstream/related cellular processes with aging, is an emerging topic. Broadly, the investigation of how these nutritional interventions influence the transcriptome may provide novel insight into pathways associated with aging, and potential targets to treat age-associated disease and increase healthspan. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to summarize what is known about the transcriptomic effects of key dietary/nutritional interventions in both pre-clinical models and humans, address gaps in the literature, and provide insight into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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7
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Peng HH, Wu CY, Hsiao YC, Martel J, Ke PY, Chiu CY, Liau JC, Chang IT, Su YH, Ko YF, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Ganoderma lucidum stimulates autophagy-dependent longevity pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13474-13495. [PMID: 34091442 PMCID: PMC8202889 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum is used as a dietary supplement and health tonic, but whether it affects longevity remains unclear. We show here that a water extract of G. lucidum mycelium extends lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The G. lucidum extract reduces the level of fibrillarin (FIB-1), a nucleolar protein that correlates inversely with longevity in various organisms. Furthermore, G. lucidum treatment increases expression of the autophagosomal protein marker LGG-1, and lifespan extension is abrogated in mutant C. elegans strains that lack atg-18, daf-16, or sir-2.1, indicating that autophagy and stress resistance pathways are required to extend lifespan. In cultured human cells, G. lucidum increases concentrations of the LGG-1 ortholog LC3 and reduces levels of phosphorylated mTOR, a known inhibitor of autophagy. Notably, low molecular weight compounds (<10 kDa) isolated from the G. lucidum water extract prolong lifespan of C. elegans and the same compounds induce autophagy in human cells. These results suggest that G. lucidum can increase longevity by inducing autophagy and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chao Hsiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yaw Chiu
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Te Chang
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Su
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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8
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Blasimme A. The plasticity of ageing and the rediscovery of ground-state prevention. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:67. [PMID: 33948779 PMCID: PMC8096726 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, I present an emerging explanatory framework about ageing and care. In particular, I focus on how, in contrast to most classical accounts of ageing, biomedicine today construes the ageing process as a modifiable trajectory. This framing turns ageing from a stage of inexorable decline into the focus of preventive strategies, harnessing the functional plasticity of the ageing organism. I illustrate this shift by focusing on studies of the demographic dynamics in human population, observations of ageing as an intraspecifically heterogenous phenotype, and the experimental manipulation of longevity, in both model organisms and humans. I suggest that such an explanatory framework about ageing creates the epistemological conditions for the rise of a peculiar form of prevention that does not aim to address a specific condition. Rather it seeks to stall the age-related accumulation of molecular damage and functional deficits, boosting individual resilience against age-related decline. I call this preventive paradigm "ground-state prevention." While new, ground-state prevention bears conceptual resemblance to forms of medical wisdom prominent in classic Galenic medicine, as well as in the Renaissance period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Blasimme
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Kuan V, Fraser HC, Hingorani M, Denaxas S, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Direk K, Nitsch D, Mathur R, Parisinos CA, Lumbers RT, Sofat R, Wong ICK, Casas JP, Thornton JM, Hemingway H, Partridge L, Hingorani AD. Data-driven identification of ageing-related diseases from electronic health records. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2938. [PMID: 33536532 PMCID: PMC7859412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the burden of late-life morbidity requires an understanding of the mechanisms of ageing-related diseases (ARDs), defined as diseases that accumulate with increasing age. This has been hampered by the lack of formal criteria to identify ARDs. Here, we present a framework to identify ARDs using two complementary methods consisting of unsupervised machine learning and actuarial techniques, which we applied to electronic health records (EHRs) from 3,009,048 individuals in England using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics admitted patient care dataset between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2015 (mean age 49.7 years (s.d. 18.6), 51% female, 70% white ethnicity). We grouped 278 high-burden diseases into nine main clusters according to their patterns of disease onset, using a hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm. Four of these clusters, encompassing 207 diseases spanning diverse organ systems and clinical specialties, had rates of disease onset that clearly increased with chronological age. However, the ages of onset for these four clusters were strikingly different, with median age of onset 82 years (IQR 82–83) for Cluster 1, 77 years (IQR 75–77) for Cluster 2, 69 years (IQR 66–71) for Cluster 3 and 57 years (IQR 54–59) for Cluster 4. Fitting to ageing-related actuarial models confirmed that the vast majority of these 207 diseases had a high probability of being ageing-related. Cardiovascular diseases and cancers were highly represented, while benign neoplastic, skin and psychiatric conditions were largely absent from the four ageing-related clusters. Our framework identifies and clusters ARDs and can form the basis for fundamental and translational research into ageing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Kuan
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK. .,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK. .,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK.
| | - Helen C Fraser
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK.,Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Arturo Gonzalez-Izquierdo
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenan Direk
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rohini Mathur
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - R Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
| | - Ian C K Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.,Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Juan P Casas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet M Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Validation of a Self-Perceived Adaptive Behaviors Scale in Older Chilean Women and Percentiles for Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020731. [PMID: 33467008 PMCID: PMC7830630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Healthy ageing means optimizing opportunities that allow older individuals to participate actively in society without discrimination. Learning adaptive behaviors (AB) may be extremely important for individuals for all stages of life. The goal of this study was: (a) to create a scale for self-perceived adaptive behavior, and (b) propose percentiles for evaluating AB in older adult women. A self-perception scale was created to measure adaptive behavior. Anthropometric and physical fitness variables for 192 older Chilean women (ages 60 to 88) were collected and evaluated. Content validity reflected agreement from 0.75 to 1.0. Construct validity carried out with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in 11 dimensions with 62 items in groups. Saturation oscillated between 0.62 and 0.85 with the explanation of variation as 46.27%. Cronbach’s Alpha was r = 0.83. The results indicated that the scale developed was valid and reliable for the Chilean women studied. This scale may be used to measure self-perception of AB patterns in older women. Furthermore, the percentiles allow for classification of the AB by age and anthropometric indices.
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11
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Terraneo M. The Effect of Material and Social Deprivation on Well-Being of Elderly in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2020; 51:167-181. [PMID: 33342332 DOI: 10.1177/0020731420981856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, attention is paid to 2 explanatory factors of successful aging. The first is material deprivation. There is growing evidence that poverty is associated with the onset of physical and mental disorders and, broadly, with aspects such as life satisfaction and happiness. The second factor is social deprivation. Social exclusion affects health due to lack of emotional and concrete support; moreover, participation in social activities among older people is associated with greater longevity and a lower risk of disability. The study describes the effect of material and social deprivation on depression (measured through the EURO-D scale) and quality of life (through CASP-12 scale), for individuals aged 50 and older in 14 European countries. Data is derived from Wave 5 of the SHARE project. To estimate the effect of material and social deprivation on outcomes and to determine whether it is moderated by the country in which people live, we apply 2 multi-group path models, respectively, for people aged 65 or younger and for those aged 66 years or older. Findings indicate that higher material and social deprivation is associated with greater levels of stress and worse quality of life. The effect of social deprivation would be stronger than that of material deprivation, and this result seems to be valid in all countries considered, although their intensity varies significantly between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terraneo
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, 165458University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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12
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Rowland J, Akbarov A, Eales J, Xu X, Dormer JP, Guo H, Denniff M, Jiang X, Ranjzad P, Nazgiewicz A, Prestes PR, Antczak A, Szulinska M, Wise IA, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Bogdanski P, Woolf AS, Samani NJ, Charchar FJ, Tomaszewski M. Uncovering genetic mechanisms of kidney aging through transcriptomics, genomics, and epigenomics. Kidney Int 2020; 95:624-635. [PMID: 30784661 PMCID: PMC6390171 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nephrons scar and involute during aging, increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease. Little is known, however, about genetic mechanisms of kidney aging. We sought to define the signatures of age on the renal transcriptome using 563 human kidneys. The initial discovery analysis of 260 kidney transcriptomes from the TRANScriptome of renaL humAn TissuE Study (TRANSLATE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas identified 37 age-associated genes. For 19 of those genes, the association with age was replicated in 303 kidney transcriptomes from the Nephroseq resource. Surveying 42 nonrenal tissues from the Genotype–Tissue Expression project revealed that, for approximately a fifth of the replicated genes, the association with age was kidney-specific. Seventy-three percent of the replicated genes were associated with functional or histological parameters of age-related decline in kidney health, including glomerular filtration rate, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and arterial narrowing. Common genetic variants in four of the age-related genes, namely LYG1, PPP1R3C, LTF and TSPYL5, correlated with the trajectory of age-related changes in their renal expression. Integrative analysis of genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic information revealed that the observed age-related decline in renal TSPYL5 expression was determined both genetically and epigenetically. Thus, this study revealed robust molecular signatures of the aging kidney and new regulatory mechanisms of age-related change in the kidney transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Rowland
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Artur Akbarov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Eales
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John P Dormer
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Parisa Ranjzad
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alicja Nazgiewicz
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Andrzej Antczak
- Department of Urology and Uro-oncology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szulinska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ingrid A Wise
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ewa Zukowska-Szczechowska
- Department of Health Care, Silesian Medical College, Katowice, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Pawel Bogdanski
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Medicine and Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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13
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Monteiro AM, Forte P, Carvalho J, Barbosa TM, Morais JE. Relationship between fear of falling and balance factors in healthy elderly women: A confirmatory analysis. J Women Aging 2019; 33:57-69. [PMID: 31813340 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2019.1681244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a confirmatory model, using structural equation modeling, to describe and explain the fear of falling in elderly women. Forty-one participants (67.69 ± 5.30 years) were selected to test a theoretical model. The final model revealed that the fear of falling is related to impaired balance (dynamic and static). Strength has a positive effect on both dynamic and static balance. Strength depends on bone mineral density. In conclusion, more strength and bone mineral density and better body balance tend to decrease the fear of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M Monteiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro , Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Barbosa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal.,National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Jorge E Morais
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Singh PP, Demmitt BA, Nath RD, Brunet A. The Genetics of Aging: A Vertebrate Perspective. Cell 2019; 177:200-220. [PMID: 30901541 PMCID: PMC7592626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging negatively impacts vitality and health. Many genetic pathways that regulate aging were discovered in invertebrates. However, the genetics of aging is more complex in vertebrates because of their specialized systems. This Review discusses advances in the genetic regulation of aging in vertebrates from work in mice, humans, and organisms with exceptional lifespans. We highlight challenges for the future, including sex-dependent differences in lifespan and the interplay between genes and environment. We also discuss how the identification of reliable biomarkers of age and development of new vertebrate models can be leveraged for personalized interventions to counter aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Param Priya Singh
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ravi D Nath
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Tindale LC, Salema D, Brooks-Wilson AR. 10-year follow-up of the Super-Seniors Study: compression of morbidity and genetic factors. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:58. [PMID: 30819100 PMCID: PMC6394013 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super-Seniors are healthy, long-lived individuals who were recruited at age 85 years or older with no history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, or major pulmonary disease. In a 10-year follow-up, we aimed to determine whether surviving Super-Seniors showed compression of morbidity, and to test whether the allele frequencies of longevity-associated variants in APOE and FOXO3 were more extreme in such long-term survivors. METHODS Super-Seniors who survived and were contactable were re-interviewed 10 years after initial characterization. Health and lifestyle were characterized via questionnaire. Geriatric tests including the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) were administered, and data were compared to results from on average 10 years earlier. As well, genotype and allele frequencies for SNPs rs7412 and rs429358 in APOE, and rs2802292 in FOXO3 were compared to the frequencies in the original collection of Super-Seniors and mid-life controls. RESULTS Of the 480 Super-Seniors recruited from 2004 to 2007, 13 were alive, contactable, and consented to re-interview (mean age = 100.1 ± 3.3). Eight of these 13 participants (62%) still met Super-Senior health criteria. Diseases that occurred in late life were cardiovascular (5 of 13; 38%) and lung disease (1 of 13; 8%). MMSE and IADL scores declined in the decade between interviews, and GDS and TUG scores increased. The surviving group of centenarians had a higher frequency of APOE and FOXO3 longevity-associated variants even when compared to the original long-lived Super-Senior cohort. CONCLUSIONS Although physical and mental decline occurred in the decade between interviews, the majority of Super-Seniors re-interviewed still met the original health criteria. These observations are consistent with reports of compression of morbidity at extreme ages, particularly in centenarians. The increased frequency of longevity- associated variants in this small group of survivors is consistent with studies that reported genetics as a larger contributor to longevity in older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Tindale
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Diane Salema
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Angela R. Brooks-Wilson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
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16
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Fernández-Eulate G, Alberro A, Muñoz-Culla M, Zulaica M, Zufiría M, Barandiarán M, Etxeberria I, Yanguas JJ, Gallardo MM, Soberón N, Lacosta AM, Pérez-Grijalba V, Canudas J, Fandos N, Pesini P, Sarasa M, Indakoetxea B, Moreno F, Vergara I, Otaegui D, Blasco M, López de Munain A. Blood Markers in Healthy-Aged Nonagenarians: A Combination of High Telomere Length and Low Amyloidβ Are Strongly Associated With Healthy Aging in the Oldest Old. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:380. [PMID: 30546303 PMCID: PMC6280560 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors may converge in healthy aging in the oldest old, but their association and predictive power on healthy or functionally impaired aging has yet to be demonstrated. By detecting healthy aging and in turn, poor aging, we could take action to prevent chronic diseases associated with age. We conducted a pilot study comparing results of a set of markers (peripheral blood mononuclear cell or PBMC telomere length, circulating Aβ peptides, anti-Aβ antibodies, and ApoE status) previously associated with poor aging or cognitive deterioration, and their combinations, in a cohort of “neurologically healthy” (both motor and cognitive) nonagenarians (n = 20) and functionally impaired, institutionalized nonagenarians (n = 38) recruited between 2014 and 2015. We recruited 58 nonagenarians (41 women, 70.7%; mean age: 92.37 years in the neurologically healthy group vs. 94.13 years in the functionally impaired group). Healthy nonagenarians had significantly higher mean PBMC telomere lengths (mean = 7, p = 0.001), this being inversely correlated with functional impairment, and lower circulating Aβ40 (total in plasma fraction or TP and free in plasma fraction or FP), Aβ42 (TP and FP) and Aβ17 (FP) levels (FP40 131.35, p = 0.004; TP40 299.10, p = 0.007; FP42 6.29, p = 0.009; TP42 22.53, p = 0.019; FP17 1.32 p = 0.001; TP17 4.47, p = 0.3), after adjusting by age. Although healthy nonagenarians had higher anti-Aβ40 antibody levels (net adsorbed signal or NAS ± SD: 0.211 ± 0.107), the number of participants that pass the threshold (NAS > 3) to be considered as positive did not show such a strong association. There was no association with ApoE status. Additionally, we propose a “Composite Neurologically Healthy Aging Score” combining TP40 and mean PBMC telomere length, the strongest correlation of measured biomarkers with neurologically healthy status in nonagenarians (AUC = 0.904).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Fernández-Eulate
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mónica Zufiría
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiarán
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Igone Etxeberria
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Maria Mercedes Gallardo
- Telomeres & Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Soberón
- Telomeres & Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begoña Indakoetxea
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Itziar Vergara
- Primary Health Area, Biodonostia Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network, REDISSEC, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Blasco
- Telomeres & Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
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17
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Viñuela A, Brown AA, Buil A, Tsai PC, Davies MN, Bell JT, Dermitzakis ET, Spector TD, Small KS. Age-dependent changes in mean and variance of gene expression across tissues in a twin cohort. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:732-741. [PMID: 29228364 PMCID: PMC5886097 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the mean and variance of gene expression with age have consequences for healthy aging and disease development. Age-dependent changes in phenotypic variance have been associated with a decline in regulatory functions leading to increase in disease risk. Here, we investigate age-related mean and variance changes in gene expression measured by RNA-seq of fat, skin, whole blood and derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) expression from 855 adult female twins. We see evidence of up to 60% of age effects on transcription levels shared across tissues, and 47% of those on splicing. Using gene expression variance and discordance between genetically identical MZ twin pairs, we identify 137 genes with age-related changes in variance and 42 genes with age-related discordance between co-twins; implying the latter are driven by environmental effects. We identify four eQTLs whose effect on expression is age-dependent (FDR 5%). Combined, these results show a complicated mix of environmental and genetically driven changes in expression with age. Using the twin structure in our data, we show that additive genetic effects explain considerably more of the variance in gene expression than aging, but less that other environmental factors, potentially explaining why reliable expression-derived biomarkers for healthy-aging have proved elusive compared with those derived from methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, SE1 7EH London, UK
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A Brown
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Matthew N Davies
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, SE1 7EH London, UK
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18
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The Role of Nrf2 in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9237263. [PMID: 29104732 PMCID: PMC5618775 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9237263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen peroxide play an important role in both intracellular and intercellular signaling; however, their production and quenching need to be closely regulated to prevent cellular damage. An imbalance, due to exogenous sources of free radicals and chronic upregulation of endogenous production, contributes to many pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease and also more general processes involved in aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; commonly known as Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the dynamic regulation of a network of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, through binding to and activating expression of promoters containing the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2 activity is regulated by many mechanisms, suggesting that tight control is necessary for normal cell function and both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of Nrf2 are indicated in playing a role in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. Targeted activation of Nrf2 or downstream genes may prove to be a useful avenue in developing therapeutics to reduce the impact of cardiovascular disease. We will review the current status of Nrf2 and related signaling in cardiovascular disease and its relevance to current and potential treatment strategies.
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19
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Zsakai A, Sipos R, Takacs-Vellai K, Szabo A, Bodzsar EB. The relationship between reproductive and biochemical ageing at the time of the menopausal transition. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:162-168. [PMID: 28843511 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical ageing status of women in the menopausal transition was studied using quantitative analysis of age- and autophagy-related gene activities (CDC42 and MAP1LC3 genes were selected as target genes). Free estradiol and progesterone levels in saliva were estimated. General linear models were used to determine the relationship between lifestyle, health status, socioeconomic factors and CDC42 and MAP1LC3 gene expression levels. Gene expression analysis revealed (1) an increasing expression of CDC42 gene after 45years in women, (2) expression level of CDC42 gene associated with menopausal status, (3) while endocrine status was found to associate with the expression of both of the studied age-related genes, (4) the "never used hormonal contraceptives" and "obese nutritional status" were the strongest factors for increased level of age-related gene expressions, and (5) changes in gene expression levels by ageing should be studied by considering not only chronological, but also biological ages. Gene expression profile of ageing has mostly been studied in model systems or human blood samples, but rarely in human saliva samples. The concordance of results between the present and former gene expression analyses, and the simplicity of saliva sample collection emphasizes the importance of saliva tissue samples in gene expression analyses especially in epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Zsakai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rita Sipos
- Biomi Ltd, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert ut 4, 2100 Godollo, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Takacs-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabo
- Department of Microbiology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva B Bodzsar
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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FOXO Transcriptional Factors and Long-Term Living. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3494289. [PMID: 28894507 PMCID: PMC5574317 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3494289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer are associated with aging, which is affected by many genetic and environmental factors. Healthy aging conceives human longevity, possibly due to carrying the defensive genes. For instance, FOXO (forkhead box O) genes determine human longevity. FOXO transcription factors are involved in the regulation of longevity phenomenon via insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling. Only one FOXO gene (FOXO DAF-16) exists in invertebrates, while four FOXO genes, that is, FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 are found in mammals. These four transcription factors are involved in the multiple cellular pathways, which regulate growth, stress resistance, metabolism, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in mammals. However, the accurate mode of longevity by FOXO factors is unclear until now. This article describes briefly the existing knowledge that is related to the role of FOXO factors in human longevity.
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21
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Ogbureke KUE, Koli K, Saxena G. Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 Co-expression With Dentin Sialophosphoprotein in Human and Monkey Kidneys. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 64:623-36. [PMID: 27666430 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416665098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20), hitherto thought to be tooth specific, in the metabolically active ductal epithelial cells of human salivary glands. Furthermore, our report indicated that MMP20 co-expressed and potentially interacts with dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). Our earlier reports have shown the co-expression of three MMPs, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9, with specific members of the SIBLING family: bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and dentin matrix protein 1, respectively. This study investigated the expression of MMP20 and verified its co-expression with DSPP in human and monkey kidney sections and human mixed renal cells by IHC, in situ proximity ligation assay, and immunofluorescence. Our results show that MMP20 is expressed in all segments of the human and monkey nephron with marked intensity in the proximal and distal tubules, and was absent in the glomeruli. Furthermore, MMP20 co-expressed with DSPP in the proximal, distal, and collecting tubules, and in mixed renal cells. Consistent with other SIBLING-MMP pairs, the DSPP-MMP20 pair may play a role in the normal turnover of cell surface proteins and/or repair of pericellular matrix proteins of the basement membranes in the metabolically active duct epithelial system of the nephrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu U E Ogbureke
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (KUEO, KK, GS)
| | - Komal Koli
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (KUEO, KK, GS)
| | - Geetu Saxena
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (KUEO, KK, GS)
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22
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Highfill CA, Reeves GA, Macdonald SJ. Genetic analysis of variation in lifespan using a multiparental advanced intercross Drosophila mapping population. BMC Genet 2016; 17:113. [PMID: 27485207 PMCID: PMC4970266 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable natural variation for lifespan exists within human and animal populations. Genetically dissecting this variation can elucidate the pathways and genes involved in aging, and help uncover the genetic mechanisms underlying risk for age-related diseases. Studying aging in model systems is attractive due to their relatively short lifespan, and the ability to carry out programmed crosses under environmentally-controlled conditions. Here we investigate the genetic architecture of lifespan using the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a multiparental advanced intercross mapping population. RESULTS We measured lifespan in females from 805 DSPR lines, mapping five QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) that each contribute 4-5 % to among-line lifespan variation in the DSPR. Each of these QTL co-localizes with the position of at least one QTL mapped in 13 previous studies of lifespan variation in flies. However, given that these studies implicate >90 % of the genome in the control of lifespan, this level of overlap is unsurprising. DSPR QTL intervals harbor 11-155 protein-coding genes, and we used RNAseq on samples of young and old flies to help resolve pathways affecting lifespan, and identify potentially causative loci present within mapped QTL intervals. Broad age-related patterns of expression revealed by these data recapitulate results from previous work. For example, we see an increase in antimicrobial defense gene expression with age, and a decrease in expression of genes involved in the electron transport chain. Several genes within QTL intervals are highlighted by our RNAseq data, such as Relish, a critical immune response gene, that shows increased expression with age, and UQCR-14, a gene involved in mitochondrial electron transport, that has reduced expression in older flies. CONCLUSIONS The five QTL we isolate collectively explain a considerable fraction of the genetic variation for female lifespan in the DSPR, and implicate modest numbers of genes. In several cases the candidate loci we highlight reside in biological pathways already implicated in the control of lifespan variation. Thus, our results provide further evidence that functional genetics tests targeting these genes will be fruitful, lead to the identification of natural sequence variants contributing to lifespan variation, and help uncover the mechanisms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Highfill
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - G Adam Reeves
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Stuart J Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA. .,Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
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23
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Fuku N, Díaz-Peña R, Arai Y, Abe Y, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Zempo H, Naito H, Murakami H, Miyachi M, Venturini L, Ricevuti G, Nobuyoshi H, Emanuele E, Lucia A. rs2802292 polymorphism in the FOXO3A gene and exceptional longevity in two ethnically distinct cohorts. Maturitas 2016; 92:110-114. [PMID: 27621247 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have indicated that the rs2802292 polymorphism in the human forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) gene might be associated with exceptional longevity (EL, i.e., living 100+ years), although the results are conflicting. STUDY DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using a case-control design, we investigated the distribution of the rs2802292 polymorphism in two ethnically distinct cohorts of centenarians (cases) and younger adults (controls). The first cohort included Japanese individuals (733 centenarians and 820 controls) and the second was from Northern Italy (79 disease-free centenarians and 316 controls). RESULTS No statistically significant association was found between the rs2802292 polymorphism and EL in either cohort (either examined in their entirety or in a sex-based analysis). CONCLUSIONS In light of our negative findings, further research and resequencing efforts are needed to shed more light on the potential association between EL and FOXO3A polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile; Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, URV. CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain.
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, NIBIOHN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, NIBIOHN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Letizia Venturini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hirose Nobuyoshi
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- European University and Research Institute i + 12, Madrid, Spain
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24
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da Costa JP, Rocha-Santos T, Duarte AC. Analytical tools to assess aging in humans: The rise of geri-omics. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Martins R, Lithgow GJ, Link W. Long live FOXO: unraveling the role of FOXO proteins in aging and longevity. Aging Cell 2016; 15:196-207. [PMID: 26643314 PMCID: PMC4783344 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging constitutes the key risk factor for age‐related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Human longevity and healthy aging are complex phenotypes influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The fact that genetic contribution to lifespan strongly increases with greater age provides basis for research on which “protective genes” are carried by long‐lived individuals. Studies have consistently revealed FOXO (Forkhead box O) transcription factors as important determinants in aging and longevity. FOXO proteins represent a subfamily of transcription factors conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals that act as key regulators of longevity downstream of insulin and insulin‐like growth factor signaling. Invertebrate genomes have one FOXO gene, while mammals have four FOXO genes: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. In mammals, this subfamily is involved in a wide range of crucial cellular processes regulating stress resistance, metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Their role in longevity determination is complex and remains to be fully elucidated. Throughout this review, the mechanisms by which FOXO factors contribute to longevity will be discussed in diverse animal models, from Hydra to mammals. Moreover, compelling evidence of FOXOs as contributors for extreme longevity and health span in humans will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Martins
- Regenerative Medicine Program Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas 8005‐139 Faro Portugal
| | | | - Wolfgang Link
- Regenerative Medicine Program Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas 8005‐139 Faro Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas 8005‐139 Faro Portugal
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26
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Sierra F. The Emergence of Geroscience as an Interdisciplinary Approach to the Enhancement of Health Span and Life Span. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a025163. [PMID: 26931460 PMCID: PMC4817738 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on the biology of aging has accelerated rapidly in the last two decades. It is now at the point where translation of the findings into useful approaches to improve the health of the elderly population seems possible. In trying to fill that gap, a new field termed geroscience will be articulated here that attempts to identify the biological underpinnings for the age-dependency of most chronic diseases. Herein, I will review the major conceptual issues leading to the formulation of geroscience as a field, as well as give examples of current areas of inquiry in which basic aging biology research could lead to therapeutic approaches to address age-related chronic diseases, not one at a time, but most of them in unison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sierra
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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27
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Silva-Palacios A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Nrf2 signaling and redox homeostasis in the aging heart: A potential target to prevent cardiovascular diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:81-95. [PMID: 26732035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging process is often accompanied with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the synergistic effects of age-related changes in heart morphology/function and prolonged exposure to injurious effects of CVD risk factors. Oxidative stress, considered a hallmark of aging, is also an important feature in pathologies that predispose to CVD development, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Approaches directed to prevent the occurrence of CVD during aging have been explored both in experimental models and in controlled clinical trials, in order to improve health span, reduce hospitalizations and increase life quality during elderly. In this review we discuss oxidative stress role as a main risk factor that relates CVD with aging. As well as interventions that aim to reduce oxidative stress by supplementing with exogenous antioxidants. In particular, strategies of improving the endogenous antioxidant defenses through activating the nuclear factor related-2 factor (Nrf2) pathway; one of the best studied molecules in cellular redox homeostasis and a master regulator of the antioxidant and phase II detoxification response.
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28
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Finkel T. The metabolic regulation of aging. Nat Med 2015; 21:1416-23. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Heimbucher T, Hunter T. The C. elegans Ortholog of USP7 controls DAF-16 stability in Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling. WORM 2015; 4:e1103429. [PMID: 27123371 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2015.1103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
FOXO family transcription factors are downstream effectors of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and are regulated by posttranslational modification and coregulators, including components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Cofactors promoting DAF-16/FOXO protein stability and function in IIS have not been described yet. In a recent study, we have identified the deubiquitylating enzyme MATH-33, the ortholog of mammalian USP7/HAUSP, as an essential DAF-16 coregulator. We found that MATH-33 actively stabilizes DAF-16 protein levels when IIS is downregulated. Here we discuss how DAF-16/FOXO transcription factors are regulated by the UPS, in particular by the interplay of E3-ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylating enzymes, which is critical for balancing DAF-16/FOXO activity and degradation. Recent findings raise the intriguing possibility that regulated oscillations in DAF-16/FOXO steady state levels play an integral role in mechanisms controlling healthspan and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heimbucher
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory ; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory ; La Jolla, CA USA
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30
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Kraehling JR, Sessa WC. Enhanced eNOS Activation as the Fountain of Youth for Vascular Disease: Is BPIFB4 What Ponce de León Was Looking For? Circ Res 2015; 117:309-10. [PMID: 26227874 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan R Kraehling
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.R.K, W.C.S) and Department of Pharmacology (J.R.K, W.C.S), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.R.K, W.C.S) and Department of Pharmacology (J.R.K, W.C.S), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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31
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The Deubiquitylase MATH-33 Controls DAF-16 Stability and Function in Metabolism and Longevity. Cell Metab 2015; 22:151-63. [PMID: 26154057 PMCID: PMC4502596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FOXO family transcription factors are downstream effectors of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and major determinants of aging in organisms ranging from worms to man. The molecular mechanisms that actively promote DAF16/FOXO stability and function are unknown. Here we identify the deubiquitylating enzyme MATH-33 as an essential DAF-16 regulator in IIS, which stabilizes active DAF-16 protein levels and, as a consequence, influences DAF-16 functions, such as metabolism, stress response, and longevity in C. elegans. MATH-33 associates with DAF-16 in cellulo and in vitro. MATH-33 functions as a deubiquitylase by actively removing ubiquitin moieties from DAF-16, thus counteracting the action of the RLE-1 E3-ubiquitin ligase. Our findings support a model in which MATH-33 promotes DAF-16 stability in response to decreased IIS by directly modulating its ubiquitylation state, suggesting that regulated oscillations in the stability of DAF-16 protein play an integral role in controlling processes such as metabolism and longevity.
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32
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Flouris AD, Piantoni C. Links between thermoregulation and aging in endotherms and ectotherms. Temperature (Austin) 2014; 2:73-85. [PMID: 27226994 PMCID: PMC4843886 DOI: 10.4161/23328940.2014.989793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While the link between thermoregulation and aging is generally accepted, much further research, reflection, and debate is required to elucidate the physiological and molecular pathways that generate the observed thermal-induced changes in lifespan. Our aim in this review is to present, discuss, and scrutinize the thermoregulatory mechanisms that are implicated in the aging process in endotherms and ectotherms. Our analysis demonstrates that low body temperature benefits lifespan in both endothermic and ectothermic organisms. Research in endotherms has delved deeper into the physiological and molecular mechanisms linking body temperature and longevity. While research in ectotherms has been steadily increasing during the past decades, further mechanistic work is required in order to fully elucidate the underlying phenomena. What is abundantly clear is that both endotherms and ectotherms have a specific temperature zone at which they function optimally. This zone is defended through both physiological and behavioral means and plays a major role on organismal senescence. That low body temperature may be beneficial for lifespan is contrary to conventional medical theory where reduced body temperature is usually considered as a sign of underlying pathology. Regardless, this phenomenon has been targeted by scientists with the expectation that advancements may compress morbidity, as well as lower disease and mortality risk. The available evidence suggests that lowered body temperature may prolong life span, yet finding the key to temperature regulation remains the problem. While we are still far from a complete understanding of the mechanisms linking body temperature and longevity, we are getting closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory; Department of Exercise Science; University of Thessaly ; Trikala, Greece
| | - Carla Piantoni
- University of Sao Paulo; Department of Physiology ; Sao Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Benech PD, Patatian A. From experimental design to functional gene networks: DNA microarray contribution to skin ageing research. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:516-26. [PMID: 25066132 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that the DNA microarray-based technology contributed to increase our knowledge of a wide range of processes. However, integrating genes into functional networks, rather than terms describing generic characteristics, remains an important challenge. The highly context-dependent function of a given gene and feedback mechanisms complexify greatly the interpretation of the data. Moreover, it is difficult to determine whether changes in gene expression are the result or the cause of pathologies or physiological events. In both cases, the difficulty relies on the involvement of processes that, at an early stage, can be protective and later on, deleterious because of their runaway. Each individual cell has its own transcription profile that determines its behaviour and its relationships with its neighbours. This is particularly true when a mechanism such as cell cycle is concerned. Another issue concerns the analyses from samples of different donors. Whereas the statistical tools lead to determine common features among groups, they tend to smooth the overall data and consequently, the selected values represent the 'tip of the iceberg'. There is a significant overlap in the set of genes identified in the different studies on skin ageing processes described in the present review. The reason of this overlap is because most of these genes belong to the basic machinery controlling cell growth and arrest. To get a more full picture of these processes, a hard work has still to be done to determine the precise mechanisms conferring the cell type specificity of ageing. Integrative biology applied to the huge amount of existing microarray data should fulfil gaps, through the characterization of additional actors accounting for the activation of specific signalling pathways at crossing points. Furthermore, computational tools have to be developed taking into account that expression values among similar groups may not vary 'by chance' but may reflect, along with other subtle changes, specific features of one given donor. Through a better stratification, these tools will allow to recover genes from the 'bottom of the iceberg'. Identifying these genes should contribute to understand how skin ages among individuals, thus paving the way for personalized skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Benech
- UMR 7259 (NICN) CNRS - Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, CS80011, 51 Bd Pierre Dramard, Marseille CEDEX 15, 13344, France
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Gheorghe M, Snoeck M, Emmerich M, Bäck T, Goeman JJ, Raz V. Major aging-associated RNA expressions change at two distinct age-positions. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:132. [PMID: 24524210 PMCID: PMC3930826 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide expression profiles are altered during biological aging and can describe molecular regulation of tissue degeneration. Age-regulated mRNA expression trends from cross-sectional studies could describe how aging progresses. We developed a novel statistical methodology to identify age-regulated expression trends in cross-sectional datasets. Results We studied six cross-sectional RNA expression profiles from different human tissues. Our methodology, capable of overcoming technical and genetic background differences, identified an age-regulation in four of the tissues. For the identification of expression trends, five regression models were compared and the quadratic model was found as the most suitable for this study. After k-means clustering of the age-associated probes, expression trends were found to change at two major age-positions in brain cortex and in Vastus lateralis muscles. The first age-position was found to occur during the fifth decade and a later one during the eighth decade. In kidney cortex, however, only one age-position was identified correlating with a late age-position. Functional mapping of genes at each age-position suggests that calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolisms are initially affected and subsequently, in elderly mitochondria, apoptosis and hormonal signaling pathways are affected. Conclusions Our results suggest that age-associated temporal changes in human tissues progress at distinct age-positions, which differ between tissues and in their molecular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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35
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Brooks-Wilson AR. Genetics of healthy aging and longevity. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1323-38. [PMID: 23925498 PMCID: PMC3898394 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Longevity and healthy aging are among the most complex phenotypes studied to date. The heritability of age at death in adulthood is approximately 25 %. Studies of exceptionally long-lived individuals show that heritability is greatest at the oldest ages. Linkage studies of exceptionally long-lived families now support a longevity locus on chromosome 3; other putative longevity loci differ between studies. Candidate gene studies have identified variants at APOE and FOXO3A associated with longevity; other genes show inconsistent results. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) of centenarians vs. younger controls reveal only APOE as achieving genome-wide significance (GWS); however, analyses of combinations of SNPs or genes represented among associations that do not reach GWS have identified pathways and signatures that converge upon genes and biological processes related to aging. The impact of these SNPs, which may exert joint effects, may be obscured by gene-environment interactions or inter-ethnic differences. GWAS and whole genome sequencing data both show that the risk alleles defined by GWAS of common complex diseases are, perhaps surprisingly, found in long-lived individuals, who may tolerate them by means of protective genetic factors. Such protective factors may ‘buffer’ the effects of specific risk alleles. Rare alleles are also likely to contribute to healthy aging and longevity. Epigenetics is quickly emerging as a critical aspect of aging and longevity. Centenarians delay age-related methylation changes, and they can pass this methylation preservation ability on to their offspring. Non-genetic factors, particularly lifestyle, clearly affect the development of age-related diseases and affect health and lifespan in the general population. To fully understand the desirable phenotypes of healthy aging and longevity, it will be necessary to examine whole genome data from large numbers of healthy long-lived individuals to look simultaneously at both common and rare alleles, with impeccable control for population stratification and consideration of non-genetic factors such as environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada,
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36
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Glass D, Viñuela A, Davies MN, Ramasamy A, Parts L, Knowles D, Brown AA, Hedman ÅK, Small KS, Buil A, Grundberg E, Nica AC, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO, Ryten M, Durbin R, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Dermitzakis ET, Weale ME, Bataille V, Spector TD. Gene expression changes with age in skin, adipose tissue, blood and brain. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R75. [PMID: 23889843 PMCID: PMC4054017 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that gene expression levels change with age. These changes are hypothesized to influence the aging rate of an individual. We analyzed gene expression changes with age in abdominal skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and lymphoblastoid cell lines in 856 female twins in the age range of 39-85 years. Additionally, we investigated genotypic variants involved in genotype-by-age interactions to understand how the genomic regulation of gene expression alters with age. RESULTS Using a linear mixed model, differential expression with age was identified in 1,672 genes in skin and 188 genes in adipose tissue. Only two genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines showed significant changes with age. Genes significantly regulated by age were compared with expression profiles in 10 brain regions from 100 postmortem brains aged 16 to 83 years. We identified only one age-related gene common to the three tissues. There were 12 genes that showed differential expression with age in both skin and brain tissue and three common to adipose and brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS Skin showed the most age-related gene expression changes of all the tissues investigated, with many of the genes being previously implicated in fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, cancer and splicing. A significant proportion of age-related changes in gene expression appear to be tissue-specific with only a few genes sharing an age effect in expression across tissues. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the genetic influences on aging and the relationship with age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Matthew N Davies
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Department of Medical ƒ Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - David Knowles
- Stanford University, 450 Serra MallStanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Åsa K Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, HinxtonCB10 1SA,UK
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet (CMU office 9088), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, HinxtonCB10 1SA,UK
| | - Alexandra C Nica
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet (CMU office 9088), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Medical ƒ Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - the UK Brain Expression consortium
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology ƒ Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Headington OX3 7LJ,UK
| | | | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet (CMU office 9088), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical ƒ Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Djansugurova LB, Perfilyeva AV, Zhunusova GS, Djantaeva KB, Iksan OA, Khussainova EM. The determination of genetic markers of age-related cancer pathologies in populations from Kazakhstan. Front Genet 2013; 4:70. [PMID: 23675381 PMCID: PMC3641524 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging associates with a variety of pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The oncogenic alterations overlap frequently with the genes linked to aging. Here, we show that several aging related genes may serve as the genetic risk factors for cervical and esophagus cancers. In our study, we analyzed samples obtained from 115 patients with esophageal and 207 patients with cervical cancer. The control groups were selected to match the ethnicity and age of cancer patients. We examined the genes involved in the processes of xenobiotics detoxification (GSTM1 and GSTT1), DNA repair (XRCC1 and XRCC3), and cell cycle regulation and apoptosis (CCND1 and TP53). Our study revealed that deletions of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes or the distinct point mutations of XRCC1 gene are associated with cervical and esophageal cancers. These results will lead to development of screening for detection of individuals susceptible to esophageal and cervical cancers. Introduction of the screening programs will allow the early and effective preventive measures that will reduce cancer incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla B. Djansugurova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and CytologyAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya V. Perfilyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and CytologyAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur S. Zhunusova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and CytologyAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kira B. Djantaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and CytologyAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Olzhas A. Iksan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and CytologyAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Elmira M. Khussainova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and CytologyAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Abstract
Age is the main risk factor for the prevalent diseases of developed countries: cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The ageing process is deleterious for fitness, but can nonetheless evolve as a consequence of the declining force of natural selection at later ages, attributable to extrinsic hazards to survival: ageing can then occur as a side-effect of accumulation of mutations that lower fitness at later ages, or of natural selection in favour of mutations that increase fitness of the young but at the cost of a higher subsequent rate of ageing. Once thought of as an inexorable, complex and lineage-specific process of accumulation of damage, ageing has turned out to be influenced by mechanisms that show strong evolutionary conservation. Lowered activity of the nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like growth factor/Target of Rapamycin signalling network can extend healthy lifespan in yeast, multicellular invertebrates, mice and, possibly, humans. Mitochondrial activity can also promote ageing, while genome maintenance and autophagy can protect against it. We discuss the relationship between evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of ageing and disease, and the associated scientific challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Niccoli
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Kolovou G, Kolovou V, Vasiliadis I, Giannakopoulou V, Mihas C, Bilianou H, Kollia A, Papadopoulou E, Marvaki A, Goumas G, Kalogeropoulos P, Limperi S, Katsiki N, Mavrogeni S. The frequency of 4 common gene polymorphisms in nonagenarians, centenarians, and average life span individuals. Angiology 2013; 65:210-5. [PMID: 23389097 DOI: 10.1177/0003319712475075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) such as rs1799752, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) such as rs28362491 and cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP) such as rs708272 (TaqB1) and rs5882 (I405V) were evaluated in nonagenarians, centenarians, and average life span individuals (controls). The study population (n = 307; 190 nonagenarians, 12 centenarians and 105 middle-aged controls) was genotyped for ACE, NFkB, and CETP genetic variants. The age of nonagenarian and centenarian group ranged between 90 and 111 years; centenarians and controls age ranged from 99 to 111, and from 18 to 80 years, respectively. The I carriers of ACE I/D gene were fewer in nonagenarians compared to centenarians (37.6% vs 62.5%, P = .016). The I carriers of ACE gene were more frequent in centenarians compared to controls (62% vs 41%, P = .045). No differences in frequency of common NFkB and CETP genotypes between patients with exceptional longevity and middle-aged patients were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Kolovou
- 1Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center Athens, Greece
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40
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Abstract
Over the past two centuries human life expectancy has increased by nearly 50 years. Genetic factors account for about one-third of the variation in life expectancy so that most of the inter-individual variation in lifespan is explained by stochastic and environmental factors, including diet. In some model organisms, dietary (energy) restriction is a potent, and highly reproducible, means of increasing lifespan and of reducing the risk of age-related dysfunction although whether this strategy is effective in human subjects is unknown. This is ample evidence that the ageing process is plastic and research demonstrates that ageing is driven by the accumulation of molecular damage, which causes the changes in cell and tissue function that characterise the ageing phenotype. This cellular, tissue and organ damage results in the development of age-related frailty, disabilities and diseases. There are compelling observational data showing links between eating patterns, e.g. the Mediterranean dietary pattern, and ageing. In contrast, there is little empirical evidence that dietary changes can prolong healthy lifespan and there is even less information about the intervention modalities that can produce such sustainable dietary behaviour changes. In conclusion, current research needs include (1) a better understanding of the causal biological pathways linking diet with the ageing trajectory, (2) the development of lifestyle-based interventions, including dietary changes, which are effective in preventing age-related disease and disability and (3) the development of robust markers of healthy ageing, which can be used as surrogate outcome measures in the development and testing of dietary interventions designed to enhance health and well-being long into old age.
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Abstract
Over the past 250 years, human life expectancy has increased dramatically and continues to do so in most countries worldwide. Genetic factors account for about one third of variation in life expectancy so that most inter-individual variation in lifespan is explained by stochastic and environmental factors. The ageing process is plastic and is driven by the accumulation of molecular damage causing the changes in cell and tissue function which characterise the ageing phenotype. Early life exposures mark the developing embryo, foetus and child with potentially profound implications for the individual's ageing trajectory. Maternal factors including age, smoking, socioeconomic status, infections, nutritional status and season of birth influence offspring life expectancy and the development of age-related diseases. Although the mechanistic processes responsible are poorly understood, many of these factors appear to affect foetal growth directly or via effects on placental development. Those born relatively small i.e. which did not achieve their genetic potential in utero, appear to be at greatest disadvantage especially if they become overweight or obese in childhood. Early life events and exposures which enhance ageing are likely to contribute to molecular damage and/or reduce the repair of such damage. Such molecular damage may produce immediate defects in cellular or tissue function that are retained into later life. In addition, there is growing evidence that early life exposures produce aberrant patterns of epigenetic marks that are sustained across the life-course and result in down-regulation of cell defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A S Langie
- Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK.
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Karasik D, Cohen-Zinder M. The genetic pleiotropy of musculoskeletal aging. Front Physiol 2012; 3:303. [PMID: 22934054 PMCID: PMC3429074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging is detrimental to multiple bodily functions and starts early, probably in the fourth decade of an individual's life. Sarcopenia is a health problem that is expected to only increase as a greater portion of the population lives longer; prevalence of the related musculoskeletal diseases is similarly expected to increase. Unraveling the biological and biomechanical associations and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases represents a formidable challenge. There are two major problems making disentangling the biological complexity of musculoskeletal aging difficult: (a) it is a systemic, rather than "compartmental," problem, which should be approached accordingly, and (b) the aging per se is neither well defined nor reliably measurable. A unique challenge of studying any age-related condition is a need of distinguishing between the "norm" and "pathology," which are interwoven throughout the aging organism. We argue that detecting genes with pleiotropic functions in musculoskeletal aging is needed to provide insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences insusceptibility to the musculoskeletal diseases. However, exploring pleiotropic relationships among the system's components is challenging both methodologically and conceptually. We aimed to focus on genetic aspects of the cross-talk between muscle and its "neighboring" tissues and organs (tendon, bone, and cartilage), and to explore the role of genetics to find the new molecular links between skeletal muscle and other parts of the "musculoskeleton." Identification of significant genetic variants underlying the musculoskeletal system's aging is now possible more than ever due to the currently available advanced genomic technologies. In summary, a "holistic" genetic approach is needed to study the systems's normal functioning and the disease predisposition in order to improve musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Israel
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Abstract
Human aging cannot be fully understood in terms of the constrained genetic setting. Epigenetic drift is an alternative means of explaining age-associated alterations. To address this issue, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of newborn and centenarian genomes. The centenarian DNA had a lower DNA methylation content and a reduced correlation in the methylation status of neighboring cytosine--phosphate--guanine (CpGs) throughout the genome in comparison with the more homogeneously methylated newborn DNA. The more hypomethylated CpGs observed in the centenarian DNA compared with the neonate covered all genomic compartments, such as promoters, exonic, intronic, and intergenic regions. For regulatory regions, the most hypomethylated sequences in the centenarian DNA were present mainly at CpG-poor promoters and in tissue-specific genes, whereas a greater level of DNA methylation was observed in CpG island promoters. We extended the study to a larger cohort of newborn and nonagenarian samples using a 450,000 CpG-site DNA methylation microarray that reinforced the observation of more hypomethylated DNA sequences in the advanced age group. WGBS and 450,000 analyses of middle-age individuals demonstrated DNA methylomes in the crossroad between the newborn and the nonagenarian/centenarian groups. Our study constitutes a unique DNA methylation analysis of the extreme points of human life at a single-nucleotide resolution level.
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Sebastiani P, Riva A, Montano M, Pham P, Torkamani A, Scherba E, Benson G, Milton JN, Baldwin CT, Andersen S, Schork NJ, Steinberg MH, Perls TT. Whole genome sequences of a male and female supercentenarian, ages greater than 114 years. Front Genet 2012; 2:90. [PMID: 22303384 PMCID: PMC3262222 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercentenarians (age 110+ years old) generally delay or escape age-related diseases and disability well beyond the age of 100 and this exceptional survival is likely to be influenced by a genetic predisposition that includes both common and rare genetic variants. In this report, we describe the complete genomic sequences of male and female supercentenarians, both age >114 years old. We show that: (1) the sequence variant spectrum of these two individuals' DNA sequences is largely comparable to existing non-supercentenarian genomes; (2) the two individuals do not appear to carry most of the well-established human longevity enabling variants already reported in the literature; (3) they have a comparable number of known disease-associated variants relative to most human genomes sequenced to-date; (4) approximately 1% of the variants these individuals possess are novel and may point to new genes involved in exceptional longevity; and (5) both individuals are enriched for coding variants near longevity-associated variants that we discovered through a large genome-wide association study. These analyses suggest that there are both common and rare longevity-associated variants that may counter the effects of disease-predisposing variants and extend lifespan. The continued analysis of the genomes of these and other rare individuals who have survived to extremely old ages should provide insight into the processes that contribute to the maintenance of health during extreme aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
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Klemcke HG, Joe B, Rose R, Ryan KL. Life or death? A physiogenomic approach to understand individual variation in responses to hemorrhagic shock. Curr Genomics 2011; 12:428-42. [PMID: 22379396 PMCID: PMC3178911 DOI: 10.2174/138920211797248574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe hemorrhage due to trauma is a major cause of death throughout the world. It has often been observed that some victims are able to withstand hemorrhage better than others. For decades investigators have attempted to identify physiological mechanisms that distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors for the purpose of providing more informed therapies. As an alternative approach to address this issue, we have initiated a research program to identify genes and genetic mechanisms that contribute to this phenotype of survival time after controlled hemorrhage. From physiogenomic studies using inbred rat strains, we have demonstrated that this phenotype is a heritable quantitative trait, and is therefore a complex trait regulated by multiple genes. Our work continues to identify quantitative trait loci as well as potential epigenetic mechanisms that might influence survival time after severe hemorrhage. Our ultimate goal is to improve survival to traumatic hemorrhage and attendant shock via regulation of genetic mechanisms and to provide knowledge that will lead to genetically-informed personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold G Klemcke
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Physiological Genomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rajiv Rose
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Kathy L Ryan
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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Partridge L, Thornton J, Bates G. The new science of ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:6-8. [PMID: 21115524 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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