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Shi Z, Ren Z, Yang Z, Cai L, Huang Y, Ge C, Han L. Deployment strategy of multiple miniaturized near-infrared spectrometers based on spectral transfer for characterizing soil organic matter and nitrogen. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124620. [PMID: 38865889 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Developing timely, convenient, and low-cost methods for high-frequency characterization of soil nutrients is necessary for implementing precise soil nutrient management. With the current availability of numerous calibration models of laboratory benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers for rapid soil nutrient characterization and the appearance of low-cost, convenient miniaturized NIR spectrometers, this study proposes an efficient deployment strategy to address model failure due to inter-device variation based on spectral transfer. The strategy involves using Direct Standardization (DS) to migrate the spectra from multiple miniaturized NIR spectrometers with a laboratory benchtop NIR spectrometer and then directly applying the existing calibration models of the laboratory benchtop instrument to the transferred spectra for soil nutrient analysis. The results indicated that the DS method successfully transferred the spectra of miniaturized devices to be consistent with the spectra of the laboratory benchtop instrument. The soil organic matter (SOM) predictions using the transferred spectra and the calibration models of the laboratory benchtop instrument were even more accurate than those using the respective models developed for each miniaturized devices, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.177 %, 0.177 %, and 0.150 %, respectively, while the performances of total nitrogen (TN) predictions were comparable to those using the respective models, with RMSE of 0.013 %, 0.012 %, and 0.010 %, respectively. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good consistency between the strategy proposed in this study and the strategy of developing respective models for each miniaturized device, with no difference in predictions for the independent validation set compared to the laboratory benchtop instrument. This study proved the feasibility of deployment strategy of multiple miniaturized NIR spectrometers based on spectral transfer, offering a new solution for high-frequency on-site soil nutrient characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Shi
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Ren
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zengling Yang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Linwei Cai
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanping Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chenjun Ge
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Dey S, Santra M, Choudhury M, Ghosh AR, Samanta P. Food waste generation and its industrial utilization: An overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34252-3. [PMID: 38990261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Food waste is produced for intended human consumption and is normally lost, discharged, contaminated, or finally degraded. The rising problem of food waste is increasing rapidly, so every sector is involved in minimizing food waste generation as well as waste management from collection to disposal, and scientists are developing the best eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for all sectors in the food supply chain, from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector and even up to the retailer to human consumption. Sustainable management is needed for the food wastes in the agricultural and industrial sectors, which are a major burning headache for environmentalists, health departments, and the government all over the earth. Various strategies can be employed to effectively control food waste, and these strategies can be ranked in a manner similar to the waste management hierarchy. The most desirable options involve the act of avoiding and donating edible portions to social agencies. Food waste is utilized in industrial operations to produce biofuels or biopolymers. The next stages involve the retrieval of nutrients and the sequestration of carbon through composting. The government implements appropriate management practices, laws, and orders to minimize food waste generation. Different contemporary methods are utilized to produce biofuel utilizing various types of food waste. In order for composting techniques to recover nutrients and fix carbon, food waste must be processed. Both the management of food waste and the creation of outgrowths utilizing biomaterials require additional study. This review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the ongoing discourse surrounding the definitions of food waste, the production and implementation of methods to reduce it, the emergence of conversion technologies, and the most recent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Dey
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Megha Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Moharana Choudhury
- Environmental Research and Management Division, Voice of Environment (VoE), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, University of North Bengal, Sukanta Mahavidyalaya, Dhupguri, 735210, West Bengal, India.
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Gupta DK, Pramanick S, Singh AK. Vulnerability assessment of aerosol and climate variability for rice and maize yield using EO datasets for sustainable agriculture over India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:714. [PMID: 38976077 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Human-generated aerosol pollution gradually modifies the atmospheric chemical and physical attributes, resulting in significant changes in weather patterns and detrimental effects on agricultural yields. The current study assesses the loss in agricultural productivity due to weather and anthropogenic aerosol variations for rice and maize crops through the analysis of time series data of India spanning from 1998 to 2019. The average values of meteorological variables like maximum temperature (TMAX), minimum temperature (TMIN), rainfall, and relative humidity, as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD), have also shown an increasing tendency, while the average values of soil moisture and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) have followed a decreasing trend over that period. This study's primary finding is that unusual variations in weather variables like maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, soil moisture, and FAPAR resulted in a reduction in rice and maize yield of approximately (2.55%, 2.92%, 2.778%, 4.84%, 2.90%, and 2.82%) and (5.12%, 6.57%, 6.93%, 6.54%, 4.97%, and 5.84%), respectively. However, the increase in aerosol pollution is also responsible for the reduction of rice and maize yield by 7.9% and 8.8%, respectively. In summary, the study presents definitive proof of the detrimental effect of weather, FAPAR, and AOD variability on the yield of rice and maize in India during the study period. Meanwhile, a time series analysis of rice and maize yields revealed an increasing trend, with rates of 0.888 million tons/year and 0.561 million tons/year, respectively, due to the adoption of increasingly advanced agricultural techniques, the best fertilizer and irrigation, climate-resilient varieties, and other factors. Looking ahead, the ongoing challenge is to devise effective long-term strategies to combat air pollution caused by aerosols and to address its adverse effects on agricultural production and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar Gupta
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Subhajit Pramanick
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Gao H, Gong J, Ye T, Maier M, Liu J. Constructing cropland ecological stability assessment method based on disturbance-resistance-response processes and classifying cropland ecological types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172673. [PMID: 38677433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The cropland ecosystem stability (CES) has received increasing attention, especially in ecologically fragile areas, because of its impact on cropland quality, agricultural production and its ability to resist external disturbances. In this study, we first introduced the concepts of resilience and resistance, proposed the ecosystem disturbance-resistance-response process, and established a framework for evaluating the spatial and temporal dynamics of the CES based on RS data, and innovatively combined the RS assessment results of CES with soil field samples data to further classify cropland ecological types (CET) in a key agricultural areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which can effectively identify those croplands in need of priority ecological protection. Results indicate that the combined interactions of disturbance, resistance and response systems affect CES, forming a complex process with significant fluctuations and spatial variations. We also conclude that the disturbance system is positively influenced by topography and precipitation, while slope negatively affects resistance system. Hydrothermal conditions positively influence resistance system, while the response system is influenced by environmental factors at a lower intensity in six periods. It was interesting to note that soil α-biodiversity indicators are significantly and positively correlated with CES at the end of the study period. Therefore, based on the CES assessment results, we further combined the soil α-biodiversity indicators to classify the type of spatial pattern of CET and found that the eastern and northern areas have better quality, which implied an increase in the CES and a higher level of soil biodiversity, which was ideal for cropland expansion. On the contrary, we concluded that the ecosystem maintenance of the Huangshui headwaters and the northern mountainous areas needs to be strengthened in order to reverse the ecological fragility here and safeguard the cropland productive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Gao
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Natural Resources for Legal Research, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Natural Resources for Legal Research, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Teng Ye
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Natural Resources for Legal Research, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Martin Maier
- Department of Crop Science, Division Soil Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiakang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Padbhushan R, Kumar U, Sinha AK, Datta A, Mondal S, Rana DS, Mitra B, Bhattacharya PM, Kaviraj M, Kumar R, Bijay-Singh. Impacts of conservation agriculture on crop yield and soil carbon sequestration: a meta-analysis in the Indian subcontinent. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:251. [PMID: 38878071 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In the quest of achieving sustainable crop productivity, improved soil health, and increased carbon (C) sequestration in the soil, conservation agriculture (CA) is increasingly being promoted and adopted in the Indian subcontinent. However, because some researchers from different regions of the world have reported reduced crop yield under CA relative to agriculture based on conventional tillage (CT), a meta-analysis has been conducted based on published research from India to evaluate the effects of CA on the yield of crops, accumulation of soil organic C as an index of soil health, and C sequestration in the soil in different regions and soil textural groups in the country. The meta-analysis is based on 544 paired observations under CA and CT from 35 publications from India was carried out using Meta Win 2.1 software. The results showed an overall significant (p < 0.05) reduction of 1.15% crop yield under CA compared to CT. Yearwise data showed a reduction of yields under CA from 2009 to 2016, but an increase from 2017 to 2020. Yield reduction was observed in the eastern, north-eastern, and southern regions of India but in western, northern, and north-western regions of the country, an increase was observed under CA rather than CT. Sandy loam and clayey soils exhibited higher crop yield under CA than under CT. Compared to CT, soil organic C content and soil C sequestration under CA increased by 8.9% and 7.3%, respectively. Also, in all the regions and soil textural groups both soil organic C accumulation and soil C sequestration were higher under CA than under CT. Factors such as rainfall, soil depth, available nitrogen (N), and total N significantly influenced the extent of yield increase/decrease and soil organic C accumulation under CA. Overall, results of the meta-analysis suggest that the promotion of CA in India will have to be location-specific taking into consideration the crops, soil attributes, and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Padbhushan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, 813210, India.
| | - Upendra Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Abhas Kumar Sinha
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, 736165, India
| | - Ashim Datta
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Surajit Mondal
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - D S Rana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-India Office, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Biplab Mitra
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, 736165, India
| | | | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Rajkishore Kumar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, 813210, India
| | - Bijay-Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Kwon HC, Jung HS, Kothuri V, Han SG. Current status and challenges for cell-cultured milk technology: a systematic review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:81. [PMID: 38849927 PMCID: PMC11161985 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular agriculture is an innovative technology for manufacturing sustainable agricultural products as an alternative to traditional agriculture. While most cellular agriculture is predominantly centered on the production of cultured meat, there is a growing demand for an understanding of the production techniques involved in dairy products within cellular agriculture. This review focuses on the current status of cellular agriculture in the dairy sector and technical challenges for cell-cultured milk production. Cellular agriculture technology in the dairy sector has been classified into fermentation-based and animal cell culture-based cellular agriculture. Currently, various companies synthesize milk components through precision fermentation technology. Nevertheless, several startup companies are pursuing animal cell-based technology, driven by public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms in precision fermentation technology. Hence, this review offers an up-to-date exploration of animal cell-based cellular agriculture to produce milk components, specifically emphasizing the structural, functional, and productive aspects of mammary epithelial cells, providing new information for industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Cheol Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vahinika Kothuri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lee S, Moriasi DN, Fortuna AM, Mirchi A, Danandeh Mehr A, Chu ML, Guzman JA, Starks P. Modeling the impact of measured and projected climate and management systems on agricultural fields: Surface runoff, soil moisture, and soil erosion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024. [PMID: 38733256 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
As global climate change poses a challenge to crop production, it is imperative to prioritize effective adaptation of agricultural systems based on a scientific understanding of likely impacts. In this study, we applied an integrated watershed modeling framework to examine the impacts of projected climate on runoff, soil moisture, and soil erosion under different management systems in Central Oklahoma. The proposed model uses measured climate data and three downscaled ensembles from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) at the water resources and erosion watershed to understand the impact of climate change and various climate conditions under three management systems: (1) continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under conventional tillage (WW-CT; baseline system), (2) continuous winter wheat under no-till (WW-NT), and (3) cool and warm season forage cover crop mixes under no-till (CC-NT). The study indicates that the occurrence of agricultural drought is projected to increase while erosion rates will remain unchanged under the WW-CT. In contrast, climate simulations imposed on the WW-NT and CC-NT systems significantly reduce runoff and sediment while preserving soil moisture levels. Especially, implementing the CC-NT system can bolster food security and foster sustainable farming practices in Central Oklahoma in the face of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), El Reno, Oklahoma, USA
- USDA-ARS, Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center, El Reno, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel N Moriasi
- USDA-ARS, Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center, El Reno, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Fortuna
- USDA-ARS, Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center, El Reno, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ali Mirchi
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ali Danandeh Mehr
- Department of Civil Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maria L Chu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge A Guzman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick Starks
- USDA-ARS, Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center, El Reno, Oklahoma, USA
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Inayat H, Mehmood H, Danish S, Alharbi SA, Ansari MJ, Datta R. Impact of cobalt and proline foliar application for alleviation of salinity stress in radish. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 38627664 PMCID: PMC11020780 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress ranks among the most prevalent stress globally, contributing to soil deterioration. Its negative impacts on crop productivity stem from mechanisms such as osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress, all of which impede plant growth and yield. The effect of cobalt with proline on mitigating salinity impact in radish plants is still unclear. That's why the current study was conducted with aim to explore the impact of different levels of Co and proline on radish cultivated in salt affected soils. There were four levels of cobalt, i.e., (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L) applied as CoSO4 and two levels of proline (0 and 0.25 mM), which were applied as foliar. The treatments were applied in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that 20 CoSO4 with proline showed improvement in shoot length (∼ 20%), root length (∼ 23%), plant dry weight (∼ 19%), and plant fresh weight (∼ 41%) compared to control. The significant increase in chlorophyll, physiological and biochemical attributes of radish plants compared to the control confirms the efficacy of 20 CoSO4 in conjunction with 10 mg/L proline for mitigating salinity stress. In conclusion, application of cobalt with proline can help to alleviate salinity stress in radish plants. However, multiple location experiments with various levels of cobalt and proline still needs in-depth investigations to validate the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Inayat
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
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Haber Z, Sharma D, Selvaraj KSV, Sade N. Is CRISPR/Cas9-based multi-trait enhancement of wheat forthcoming? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:112021. [PMID: 38311249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technologies have been implemented in recent years in the genome editing of eukaryotes, including plants. The original system of knocking out a single gene by causing a double-strand break (DSB), followed by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or Homology-directed repair (HDR) has undergone many adaptations. These adaptations include employing CRISPR/Cas9 to upregulate gene expression or to cause specific small changes to the DNA sequence of the gene-of-interest. In plants, multiplexing, i.e., inducing multiple changes by CRISPR/Cas9, is extremely relevant due to the redundancy of many plant genes, and the time- and labor-consuming generation of stable transgenic plant lines via crossing. Here we discuss relevant examples of various traits, such as yield, biofortification, gluten content, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance, which have been successfully manipulated using CRISPR/Cas9 in plants. While existing studies have primarily focused on proving the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on a single trait, there is a growing interest among researchers in creating a multi-stress tolerant wheat cultivar 'super wheat', to commercially and sustainably enhance wheat yields under climate change. Due to the complexity of the technical difficulties in generating multi-target CRISPR/Cas9 lines and of the interactions between stress responses, we propose enhancing already commercial local landraces with higher yield traits along with stress tolerances specific to the respective localities, instead of generating a general 'super wheat'. We hope this will serve as the sustainable solution to commercially enhancing crop yields under both stable and challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechariah Haber
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Davinder Sharma
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K S Vijai Selvaraj
- Vegetable Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Palur 607102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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McPhee MJ, Edwards C, Harden S, Naylor T, Phillips FA, Guppy C, Hegarty RS. GrassGro TM simulation of pasture, animal performance and greenhouse emissions on low and high sheep productivity grazing systems: 1-year validation and 25-year analysis. Animal 2024; 18:101088. [PMID: 38377808 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is a focus on reducing the absolute methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide emissions, and the emissions intensity (EI, kg CO2e/kg animal product) of livestock production. Increasing the productivity of mixed pasture systems has the potential to increase food (e.g., lamb) and textile fibre (e.g., wool) production while reducing the EI of those products from grazing livestock. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and EI between sheep on Low (i.e., low sustainable stocking rate) and High (i.e., high sustainable stocking rate) productivity grazing systems (PGSs). Therefore, a replicated breeding-ewe trial on 18 paddocks was established across 2 - years. Three flocks on Low (3 × 16 ewes/flock) and High PGSs (3 × 32 ewes/flock) rotated across three land-classes and three paddocks per PGS. In year 1, the observed on-farm pasture quantity, quality, and botanical composition, together with lamb BW (kg), and daily CH4 production (DMP, g CH4/head per day) using Open Path Fourier Transformed Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers data were measured. Subsequently, two simulations using GrassGroTM were conducted: (1) a 1-year GrassGroTM simulation that used the observed on-farm data to adjust parameters: date of mating, paddock fertility, and weight of mature ewes to validate GrassGroTM predictions to achieve accuracy and precision targets; and (2) a 25-year (1986-2011) simulation to analyse the effects of Low and High PGSs on sheep production and GHG emissions across a variable climate. The 1-year validation predictions fitted well with the observed on-farm data for: pasture biomass (kg/ha), DM digestibility (%), botanical composition (kg/ha), lamb (kg) product, and DMP (g CH4/head per day). The subsequent predicted results from the 25-year GrassGroTM simulation showed minimal effect of PGS on the mean DM intake (kg DM/day) or DMP for Low and High PGSs, but this was thought to be due to the biomass in both PGSs exceeding 1 500 kg DM/ha. The EI, over the 25-year simulation, on the High PGS was 16.5% lower than the Low PGS. Additional calculations of DMP were conducted using a recent global equation, giving estimates of DMP that closely matched the observed on-farm OP-FTIR DMP measurements, but these were lower than the GrassGroTM predictions and improved the accuracy and precision. It is concluded that in some pasture situations, managing pastures and stock numbers to intensify grazing systems can allow increased livestock production, without increasing daily CH4 emissions/head while substantially decreasing the EI of the animal products generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McPhee
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - C Edwards
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Land and Water, University of New England, Ring Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - S Harden
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Marsden Park Rd, Calala, New South Wales 2340, Australia
| | - T Naylor
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - F A Phillips
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - C Guppy
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - R S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Sharifuzzaman M, Mun HS, Ampode KMB, Lagua EB, Park HR, Kim YH, Hasan MK, Yang CJ. Technological Tools and Artificial Intelligence in Estrus Detection of Sows-A Comprehensive Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:471. [PMID: 38338113 PMCID: PMC10854728 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In animal farming, timely estrus detection and prediction of the best moment for insemination is crucial. Traditional sow estrus detection depends on the expertise of a farm attendant which can be inconsistent, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Attempts and trials in developing and implementing technological tools to detect estrus have been explored by researchers. The objective of this review is to assess the automatic methods of estrus recognition in operation for sows and point out their strong and weak points to assist in developing new and improved detection systems. Real-time methods using body and vulvar temperature, posture recognition, and activity measurements show higher precision. Incorporating artificial intelligence with multiple estrus-related parameters is expected to enhance accuracy. Further development of new systems relies mostly upon the improved algorithm and accurate data provided. Future systems should be designed to minimize the misclassification rate, so better detection is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sharifuzzaman
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiven Mark B. Ampode
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Sultan Kudarat State University, Tacurong 9800, Philippines
| | - Eddiemar B. Lagua
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rang Park
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Department of Poultry Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (H.-S.M.); (K.M.B.A.); (E.B.L.); (H.-R.P.); (M.K.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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12
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Duan X, Wang L, Wang R, Xiong M, Qin G, Huang S, Li J. Variation in the physiological response of adult worker bees of different ages (Apis mellifera L.) to pyraclostrobin stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115754. [PMID: 38043416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The social division of labor within the honeybee colony is closely related to the age of the bees, and the age structure is essential to the development and survival of the colony. Differences in tolerance to pesticides and other external stresses among worker bees of different ages may be related to their social division of labor and corresponding physiological states. Pyraclostrobin was widely used to control the fungal diseases of nectar and pollen plants, though it was not friend to honey bees and other pollinators. This work aimed to determine the effects of field recommended concentrations of pyraclostrobin on the activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes, on the expression of genes involved in nutrient metabolism, and immune response in worker bees of different ages determined to investigate the physiological and biochemical differences in sensitivity to pyraclostrobin among different age of worker bees. The result demonstrates that the tolerance of adult worker bees to pyraclostrobin was negatively correlated with their age, and the significantly reduced survival rate of forager bees (21 day-old) with continued fungicide exposure. The activities of protective enzymes (CAT and SOD) and detoxifying enzymes (CarE, GSTs and CYP450) in different ages of adult worker bees were significantly altered, indicating the physiological response and the regulatory capacity of worker bees of different ages to fungicide stress was variation. Compared with 1 and 8 day-old worker bees, the expression of nutrient-related genes (ilp1 and ilp2) and immunity-related genes (apidaecin and defensin1) in forager bees (21 day-old) was gradually downregulated with increasing pyraclostrobin concentrations. Moreover, the expression of vitellogenin and hymenoptaecin in forager bees (21 day-old) was also decreased in high concentration treatment groups (250 and 313 mg/L). The present study confirmed the findings of the chronic toxicity of pyraclostrobin on the physiology and biochemistry of worker bees of different ages, especially to forager bees (21 day-old). These results would provide important physiological and biochemical insight for better understanding the potential risks of pyraclostrobin on honeybees and other non-target pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Duan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lizhu Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Manqiong Xiong
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gan Qin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianghong Li
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
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13
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Li Z, Cao G, Qiu L, Chen X, Zhong L, Wang X, Xu H, Wang C, Fan L, Meng S, Chen J, Song C. Aquaculture activities influencing the generation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol: a case study in the aquaculture regions of Hongze Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4196-4208. [PMID: 38100023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by odor substances such as geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) was examined in the cultured water from aquaculture farming in the region of the Hongze Lake in 2022, and some factors influencing residual levels of them in the water were analyzed. Geographically, high concentrations of GSM were located mainly in the north and northeast culture areas of the lake, while those of 2-MIB were found in the northeast and southwest. Analysis of the water in the enclosure culture revealed significant differences in the concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB among the cultured species. The mean concentrations of GSM in culture water were ranked in the order: crab > the four major Chinese carps > silver and bighead carp, and silver and bighead carp > crab > the four major Chinese carps for 2-MIB. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher at 38.99 ± 18.93 ng/L in crab culture water compared to other fish culture water. Significant differences were observed in GSM concentrations between crab enclosure culture and pond culture, while 2-MIB levels were comparable. These findings suggest that cultural management practices significantly affect the generation of odor substances. The taste and odor (T&O) assessment revealed that the residual levels of GSM and 2-MIB in most samples were below the odor threshold concentrations (OTCs), although high levels of GSM and 2-MIB in all water bodies were at 30.9% and 27.5%, respectively. Compared with the corresponding data from other places and the regulation guidelines of Japan, USA, and China, the region in the Hongze Lake is generally classified as a slightly T&O area, capable of supporting the aquaculture production scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Zhong
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 210017, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchi Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbo Wang
- Kunshan Fisheries Technology Extension Center, 215300, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Fan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Jackson P. Food, health and sustainability. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:227-233. [PMID: 36503525 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122002841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review makes a case for taking an integrated 'food systems' approach to explore the links between health and sustainability rather than treating them as separate topics. Unlike more linear 'farm-to-fork' conceptions, a systems approach emphasises the links between domains and sectors, helping avoid perverse effects where an intervention at one point in the system can have unanticipated consequences at other points. Adopting this approach, the review argues that food security and sustainability are as much a socio-cultural as a technical challenge requiring the combined forces of researchers from the natural and social sciences together with a range of stakeholders from government, business and civil society. Meeting the twin challenges of health and sustainability will require changes to intensive food production systems, dietary change and reductions in current levels of food waste. The review explores why dietary practices are so resistant to change seeking alternatives to the deficit thinking that pervades much advice on 'healthy eating'. It explores the locus of responsibility for food system change, emphasising the asymmetrical power relations that shape contemporary dietary choices. The review includes an example of food system research, the H3 project (healthy soil, healthy food, healthy people), which seeks to transform UK food systems 'from the ground up', adopting the principles outlined in the body of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jackson
- Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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15
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Bai Y, Huang M, Huang M, Luo J, Yang Z. Research on immature wheat harvesting behavior of farmers from the perspective of food security: An evolutionary game based analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18850. [PMID: 37593633 PMCID: PMC10432170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food security constitutes a foundational cornerstone for social stability, with the achievement of sustainable agricultural production serving as a vital step towards this objective. Currently, the untimely harvesting of unripe wheat by farmers has led to a decline in food production, thereby posing a significant threat to the sustainability of China's food system and exacerbating food insecurity. Although the Chinese government has implemented various measures in response, their effectiveness has been limited. Limited scholarly literature exists on this particular issue. To advance food security in China, this study develops a tripartite evolutionary game model involving farmers, the government, and breeding enterprises. Adopting a systemic perspective, this study examines the interactions and impact mechanisms among these key actors during the wheat harvesting process. The findings indicate that the government should prioritize policies that enforce penalties. By implementing penalties within a reasonable range, the government can mitigate farmers' production costs and enhance the market price of grain. This approach discourages farmers from harvesting immature wheat and contributes to enhancing food security. Based on the research findings, this paper provides practical recommendations to guide the government in addressing food security governance issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Bai
- School of Business, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Mengdi Huang
- School of Business, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Minmin Huang
- School of Business, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianli Luo
- School of Business, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhuodong Yang
- School of Business, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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16
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Zharkov D, Nizamutdinov T, Dubovikoff D, Abakumov E, Pospelova A. Navigating Agricultural Expansion in Harsh Conditions in Russia: Balancing Development with Insect Protection in the Era of Pesticides. INSECTS 2023; 14:557. [PMID: 37367373 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As the world's population continues to increase, ensuring food security becomes a major problem. This often leads to the expansion of agricultural production, even in harsh conditions and becomes a key problem for many countries, including Russia. However, such expansion may entail certain costs, including the potential loss of insect populations, which are vital for ecological balance and agricultural productivity. The development of fallow lands in these regions is necessary to increase food production and increase food security; it is important to balance this with protection from harmful insects and sustainable farming methods. Research into the effects of insecticides on insects is an ongoing challenge, and new, sustainable farming methods are needed to ensure that protection from harmful insects and sustainable development can coexist. This article discusses the use of pesticides to protect the well-being of mankind, the problems of studying the effects of pesticides on insects and the vulnerability of insects to pesticides in regions with harsh conditions. It also discusses successful methods of sustainable agriculture and the importance of the legal framework governing the use of pesticides. The article emphasises the importance of balanced development with insect protection to ensure the sustainability of agricultural expansion in harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Zharkov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Timur Nizamutdinov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dubovikoff
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alena Pospelova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Perm State National Research University, Perm 614068, Russia
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17
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Tang Z, Chen Z, Gao Y, Xue R, Geng Z, Bu Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang Y, Chen F, Yang W, Hu W. A Strategy for the Acquisition and Analysis of Image-Based Phenome in Rice during the Whole Growth Period. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0058. [PMID: 37304154 PMCID: PMC10249964 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most widely grown crops in the world, rice is not only a staple food but also a source of calorie intake for more than half of the world's population, occupying an important position in China's agricultural production. Thus, determining the inner potential connections between the genetic mechanisms and phenotypes of rice using dynamic analyses with high-throughput, nondestructive, and accurate methods based on high-throughput crop phenotyping facilities associated with rice genetics and breeding research is of vital importance. In this work, we developed a strategy for acquiring and analyzing 58 image-based traits (i-traits) during the whole growth period of rice. Up to 84.8% of the phenotypic variance of the rice yield could be explained by these i-traits. A total of 285 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for the i-traits, and principal components analysis was applied on the basis of the i-traits in the temporal and organ dimensions, in combination with a genome-wide association study that also isolated QTLs. Moreover, the differences among the different population structures and breeding regions of rice with regard to its phenotypic traits demonstrated good environmental adaptability, and the crop growth and development model also showed high inosculation in terms of the breeding-region latitude. In summary, the strategy developed here for the acquisition and analysis of image-based rice phenomes can provide a new approach and a different thinking direction for the extraction and analysis of crop phenotypes across the whole growth period and can thus be useful for future genetic improvements in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Tang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruxian Xue
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zedong Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingyun Bu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuqiang Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weijuan Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Kusnierek K, Heltoft P, Møllerhagen PJ, Woznicki T. Hydroponic potato production in wood fiber for food security. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:24. [PMID: 37270628 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The resilience of global food security is a critical concern. Facing limited access to land and potential disruption of the food markets, alternative, scalable, and efficient production systems are needed as a complementary buffer for maintenance of food production integrity. The purpose of this study was to introduce an alternative hydroponic potato growing system where potatoes are grown in bare wood fiber as a growing medium. A system utilizing drip irrigation and plastic bags as containers was tested for three different types of wood fiber, two cultivars and two fertigation strategies. Implementation of the system resulted in ~300% higher tuber production when compared to the local conventional farming. Mineral composition of the tubers obtained from hydroponic system was similar to the composition of tubers grown in the field and revealed potential for biofortification. In addition, a fertigation strategy where the two application points were separated across the root zone resulted in tubers with dry matter content comparable to the potatoes grown in soil. The recyclability, reusability, and simplicity of this solution may encourage its application for improving security of food production in selected areas of the world as well as its utilization in urban agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kusnierek
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Center for Precision Agriculture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kapp, Norway.
| | - Pia Heltoft
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kapp, Norway
| | - Per Jarle Møllerhagen
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kapp, Norway
| | - Tomasz Woznicki
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kapp, Norway.
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19
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He Y, Matthews ML. Seasonal climate conditions impact the effectiveness of improving photosynthesis to increase soybean yield. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2023; 296:108907. [PMID: 37193044 PMCID: PMC10155077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Context Photosynthetic stimulations have shown promising outcomes in improving crop photosynthesis, including soybean. However, it is still unclear to what extent these changes can impact photosynthetic assimilation and yield under long-term field climate conditions. Objective In this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of the response of canopy photosynthesis and yield to two critical parameters in leaf photosynthesis: the maximum carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate (Jmax). Methods Using the field-scale crop model Soybean-BioCro and ten years of observed climate data in Urbana, Illinois, U.S., we conducted sensitivity experiments to estimate the changes in canopy photosynthesis, leaf area index, and biomass due to the changes in Vcmax and Jmax. Results The results show that 1) Both the canopy photosynthetic assimilation (An) and pod biomass yields were more sensitive to the changes in Jmax, particularly at high atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations ([CO2]); 2) Higher [CO2] undermined the effectiveness of increasing the two parameters to improve An and yield; 3) Under the same [CO2], canopy light interception and canopy respiration were key factors that undermined improvements in An and yield; 4) A canopy with smaller leaf area index tended to have a higher yield improvement, and 5) Increases in assimilations and yields were highly dependent on growing-season climatic conditions. The solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity were the main climate drivers that impacted the yield improvement, and they had opposite correlations with improved yield during the vegetative phase compared to the reproductive phase. Conclusions In a world with elevated [CO2], genetic engineering crop photosynthesis should focus more on improving Jmax. Further, long-term climate conditions and seasonal variations must be considered to determine the improvements in soybean canopy photosynthesis and yield at the field scale. Implications Quantifying the effectiveness of changing Vcmax and Jmax helps understand their individual and combined contributions to potential improvements in assimilation and yield. This work provides a framework for evaluating how altering the photosynthetic rate parameters impacts soybean yield and assimilation under different seasonal climate scenarios at the field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng He
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Megan L. Matthews
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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20
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Clifton‐Brown J, Hastings A, von Cossel M, Murphy‐Bokern D, McCalmont J, Whitaker J, Alexopoulou E, Amaducci S, Andronic L, Ashman C, Awty‐Carroll D, Bhatia R, Breuer L, Cosentino S, Cracroft‐Eley W, Donnison I, Elbersen B, Ferrarini A, Ford J, Greef J, Ingram J, Lewandowski I, Magenau E, Mos M, Petrick M, Pogrzeba M, Robson P, Rowe RL, Sandu A, Schwarz K, Scordia D, Scurlock J, Shepherd A, Thornton J, Trindade LM, Vetter S, Wagner M, Wu P, Yamada T, Kiesel A. Perennial biomass cropping and use: Shaping the policy ecosystem in European countries. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2023; 15:538-558. [PMID: 38505831 PMCID: PMC10946487 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Demand for sustainably produced biomass is expected to increase with the need to provide renewable commodities, improve resource security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with COP26 commitments. Studies have demonstrated additional environmental benefits of using perennial biomass crops (PBCs), when produced appropriately, as a feedstock for the growing bioeconomy, including utilisation for bioenergy (with or without carbon capture and storage). PBCs can potentially contribute to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (2023-27) objectives provided they are carefully integrated into farming systems and landscapes. Despite significant research and development (R&D) investment over decades in herbaceous and coppiced woody PBCs, deployment has largely stagnated due to social, economic and policy uncertainties. This paper identifies the challenges in creating policies that are acceptable to all actors. Development will need to be informed by measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions reductions and other environmental, economic and social metrics. It discusses interlinked issues that must be considered in the expansion of PBC production: (i) available land; (ii) yield potential; (iii) integration into farming systems; (iv) R&D requirements; (v) utilisation options; and (vi) market systems and the socio-economic environment. It makes policy recommendations that would enable greater PBC deployment: (1) incentivise farmers and land managers through specific policy measures, including carbon pricing, to allocate their less productive and less profitable land for uses which deliver demonstrable greenhouse gas reductions; (2) enable greenhouse gas mitigation markets to develop and offer secure contracts for commercial developers of verifiable low-carbon bioenergy and bioproducts; (3) support innovation in biomass utilisation value chains; and (4) continue long-term, strategic R&D and education for positive environmental, economic and social sustainability impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig UniversityGießenGermany
| | - Astley Hastings
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Moritz von Cossel
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Jon McCalmont
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
| | - Efi Alexopoulou
- Center for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (CRES)Pikermi AttikisGreece
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Larisa Andronic
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of MoldovaChisinauRepublic of Moldova
| | - Christopher Ashman
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Danny Awty‐Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig UniversityGießenGermany
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Salvatore Cosentino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A)University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | | | - Iain Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Berien Elbersen
- Team Earth InformaticsWageningen Environmental ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Andrea Ferrarini
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Judith Ford
- School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Jörg Greef
- Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsJulius Kühn InstituteBraunschweigGermany
| | - Julie Ingram
- Countryside & Community Research InstituteUniversity of GloucestershireGloucestershireUK
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Elena Magenau
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Michal Mos
- Energene Seeds Limited, AIEC Office Block, GogerddanAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Martin Petrick
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Institute for Agricultural Policy and Market ResearchJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | | | - Paul Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Rebecca L. Rowe
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
| | - Anatolii Sandu
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of MoldovaChisinauRepublic of Moldova
| | - Kai‐Uwe Schwarz
- Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsJulius Kühn InstituteBraunschweigGermany
| | - Danilo Scordia
- Dipartmento di Scienze VeterinarieUniversity of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'AnnunziataMessinaItaly
| | | | - Anita Shepherd
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Judith Thornton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Sylvia Vetter
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Department of Applied EcologyGeisenheim UniversityGeisenheimGermany
| | - Pei‐Chen Wu
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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21
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Huang Y, Xiong Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Gan C, Peng Z, Wang L, Cui J. Synthesis, characterization and application of emamectin-alkaline lignin conjugate with photolysis resistance and systemic translocation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124450. [PMID: 37060972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release formulations (CRFs) are a key technical approach for the sustainable development of pesticides. In this study, a CRF conjugate (emamectin-alkaline lignin, EB-AL) was successfully prepared using alkaline lignin as the substrate, with amide bond connecting emamectin and alkaline lignin. The structure and morphology of the conjugate were characterized using IR, 1HNMR, elemental analysis, SEM and TG. The release of EB-AL showed that the conjugate maintained its original structure when released in 50 % methanol-water and soil column, and the amide bond remained intact. The anti-photolysis test revealed that EB-AL had a 3.5 times higher photolysis half-life T0.5 than the general emamectin suspension concentrate (EB-SC). Bioactivity tests in the greenhouse demonstrated that EB-AL possessed a longer insecticidal duration and good biosafety. Ostrinia nubilalis lethality rate remained above 70 % for 19 days, while EB-EC, the control, had a rate of <50 % after 11 days of application. Additionally, EB-AL conjugate demonstrated excellent systemic translocation in plants, likely due to its ability to mediate alkaline lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qipeng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xiangying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zining Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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22
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Sabino YNV, Cotter PD, Mantovani HC. Anti-virulence compounds against Staphylococcus aureus associated with bovine mastitis: A new therapeutic option? Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127345. [PMID: 36889204 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis represents a major economic burden faced by the dairy industry. S. aureus is an important and prevalent bovine mastitis-associated pathogen in dairy farms worldwide. The pathogenicity and persistence of S. aureus in the bovine mammary gland are associated with the expression of a range of virulence factors involved in biofilm formation and the production of several toxins. The traditional therapeutic approach to treating bovine mastitis includes the use of antibiotics, but the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has caused therapeutic failure. New therapeutic approaches targeting virulence factors of S. aureus rather than cell viability can have several advantages including lower selective pressure towards the development of resistance and little impact on the host commensal microbiota. This review summarizes the potential of anti-virulence therapies to control S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis focusing on anti-toxin, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing compounds. It also points to potential sources of new anti-virulence inhibitors and presents screening strategies for identifying these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hilario C Mantovani
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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23
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Grilli G, Cofré N, Marro N, Videla M, Urcelay C. Shifts from conventional horticulture to agroecology impacts soil fungal diversity in Central Argentina. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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24
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Li L, Ma P, Nirasawa S, Liu H. Formation, immunomodulatory activities, and enhancement of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts: a review for maximizing the health benefits to human. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7118-7148. [PMID: 36847125 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts have been considered as functional foods which have received increasing attention because they have been highly prized for glucosinolates, phenolics, and vitamins in particular glucosinolates. One of hydrolysates-sulforaphane from glucoraphanin is positively associated with the attenuation of inflammatory, which could reduce diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer risk. In recent decades, the great interest in natural bioactive components especially for sulforaphane promotes numerous researchers to investigate the methods to enhance glucoraphanin levels in broccoli sprouts and evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of sulforaphane. Therefore, glucosinolates profiles are different in broccoli sprouts varied with genotypes and inducers. Physicochemical, biological elicitors, and storage conditions were widely studied to promote the accumulation of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts. These inducers would stimulate the biosynthesis pathway gene expression and enzyme activities of glucosinolates and sulforaphane to increase the concentration in broccoli sprouts. The immunomodulatory activity of sulforaphane was summarized to be a new therapy for diseases with immune dysregulation. The perspective of this review served as a potential reference for customers and industries by application of broccoli sprouts as a functional food and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Haijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Ajibade S, Simon B, Gulyas M, Balint C. Sustainable intensification of agriculture as a tool to promote food security: A bibliometric analysis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable intensification (SI) of agriculture is required to satisfy the growing populations' nutritional needs, and therefore food security while limiting negative environmental impacts. The study aims to investigate the global scientific output of sustainable intensification research from 2010 to 20 August 2021. The data was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and was analyzed using a bibliometric method and VOS viewer to determine the most productive countries and organizations by collaboration analysis, including the keywords to analyze the research hotspots and trends, and the most cited publications in the field. From the 1,610 studies published in the theme of sustainable agriculture by 6,346 authors belonging to 1,981 organizations and 115 countries, the study found an increased number of publications and citations in 2020, with 293 publications and 10,275 citations. The United States ranked highest in countries collaborating with the most publications in the field. The occurrence of keywords like “food security”, “climate change”, “agriculture”, “ecosystem services”, “conservation agriculture”, “Sub-Sahara Africa”, “Africa”, “biodiversity”, and “maize” in both author and all keywords (author and index) reveal the significance of sustainable intensification in Africa, as a solution to food insecurity under climate change conditions. The availability of funding agencies from big economies explains the growing interest by developing countries in the SI of agriculture research due to the growing population, food insecurity, and access to limited land for farming.
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26
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Xiong M, Qin G, Wang L, Wang R, Zhou R, Luo X, Lou Q, Huang S, Li J, Duan X. Field recommended concentrations of pyraclostrobin exposure disturb the development and immune response of worker bees ( Apis mellifera L.) larvae and pupae. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1137264. [PMID: 36846328 PMCID: PMC9947242 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1137264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The strobilurin fungicide pyraclostrobin is widely used to prevent and control the fungal diseases of various nectar and pollen plants. Honeybees also directly or indirectly contact this fungicide with a long-term exposure period. However, the effects of pyraclostrobin on the development and physiology of Apis mellifera larvae and pupae during continuous exposure have been rarely known. To investigate the effects of field-realistic concentrations of pyraclostrobin on honeybee survival and development, the 2-day-old larvae were continuously fed with different pyraclostrobin solutions (100 mg/L and 83.3 mg/L), and the expression of development-, nutrient-, and immune-related genes in larvae and pupae were examined. The results showed that two field-realistic concentrations of pyraclostrobin (100 and 83.3 mg/L) significantly decreased the survival and capped rate of larvae, the weight of pupae and newly emerged adults, and such decrease was a positive correlation to the treatment concentrations. qPCR results showed that pyraclostrobin could induce the expression of Usp, ILP2, Vg, Defensin1, and Hymenoptaecin, decrease the expression of Hex100, Apidaecin, and Abaecin in larvae, could increase the expression of Ecr, Usp, Hex70b, Vg, Apidaecin, and Hymenoptaecin, and decreased the expression of ILP1, Hex100 and Defensin1in pupae. These results reflect pyraclostrobin could decrease nutrient metabolism, immune competence and seriously affect the development of honeybees. It should be used cautiously in agricultural practices, especially in the process of bee pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiong Xiong
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gan Qin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Luo
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qun Lou
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Li
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinle Duan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xinle Duan,
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27
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Pelech EA, Evers JB, Pederson TL, Drag DW, Fu P, Bernacchi CJ. Leaf, plant, to canopy: A mechanistic study on aboveground plasticity and plant density within a maize-soybean intercrop system for the Midwest, USA. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:405-421. [PMID: 36358006 PMCID: PMC10100491 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to adapt to their neighbours through plastic trait responses. In intercrop systems, plant growth occurs at different spatial and temporal dimensions, creating a competitive light environment where aboveground plasticity may support complementarity in light-use efficiency, realizing yield gains per unit area compared with monoculture systems. Physiological and architectural plasticity including the consequences for light-use efficiency and yield in a maize-soybean solar corridor intercrop system was compared, empirically, with the standard monoculture systems of the Midwest, USA. The impact of reducing maize plant density on yield was investigated in the following year. Intercropped maize favoured physiological plasticity over architectural plasticity, which maintained harvest index (HI) but reduced light interception efficiency (ɛi ) and conversion efficiency (ɛc ). Intercropped soybean invested in both plasticity responses, which maintained ɛi , but HI and ɛc decreased. Reducing maize plant density within the solar corridor rows did not improve yields under monoculture and intercrop systems. Overall, the intercrop decreased land-use efficiency by 9%-19% and uncoordinated investment in aboveground plasticity by each crop under high maize plant density does not support complementarity in light-use efficiency. Nonetheless, the mechanistic understanding gained from this study may improve crop cultivars and intercrop designs for the Midwest to increase yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Pelech
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois
| | - Jochem B. Evers
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Taylor L. Pederson
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois
| | - David W. Drag
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois
| | - Peng Fu
- Center for Environment, Energy, and EconomyHarrisburg University of Science and TechnologyHarrisburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Carl J. Bernacchi
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois
- USDA‐ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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28
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Wang Z, Huan M, Li T, Dai Y. Access to information on sustainable intensification practices for new agricultural business entities in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27683-27697. [PMID: 36380182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of sustainable intensification practices (SIPs) is generally lagging in China, as disseminating new technology to millions of farmers on heterogeneous smallholdings is challenging. Agricultural development strategies emphasise the role of new agricultural business entities (NABEs) in driving smallholder farmers' development. This study used a sustainable intensive apple culture system as an example of an SIP. To understand the effects of different information dissemination channels, extension service attributes, social networking structures, and socioeconomic factors on the efficiency of acquiring information on SIPs by NABEs, we used the censored least absolute deviation to analyse the data obtained from face-to-face interview surveys of 218 NABEs in the Loess Plateau. This study found that direct connections between NABEs and research institutions had the strongest facilitating effect on information acquisition, farm shops had the second strongest effect, agricultural extension agencies had the weakest effect, and field agricultural material promotion workers showed a significant adverse effect. Improving the quality of extension services has a far greater effect on facilitating the acquisition of information on SIPs than does increasing extension intensity. Relying primarily on weak ties to manage plantations significantly facilitated information acquisition, whereas relying on strong ties to manage plantations significantly inhibited acquisition. The study results show that implementing the "research institute + NABEs + smallholder farmers" technology extension model can significantly improve the adoption efficiency of SIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- China Institute for Rural Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meili Huan
- China Institute for Rural Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Tongsheng Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yao Dai
- China Institute for Rural Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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29
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McKinnon AC, Collins L, Wood JL, Murphy N, Franks AE, Steinbauer MJ. Precision Monitoring of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Activity and Pollen Diversity during Pollination to Evaluate Colony Health. INSECTS 2023; 14:95. [PMID: 36662023 PMCID: PMC9865544 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Certain crops depend upon pollination services for fruit set, and, of these, almonds are of high value for Australia. Stressors, such as diseases, parasites, pesticides, and nutrition, can contribute to honey bee Apis mellifera L. colony decline, thereby reducing bee activity and pollination efficiency. In Australia, field studies are required to monitor honey bee health and to ascertain whether factors associated with colony decline are impacting hives. We monitored honey bee colonies during and after pollination services of almond. Video surveillance technology was used to quantify bee activity, and bee-collected pollen was periodically tested for pesticide residues. Plant species diversity was also assessed using DNA metabarcoding of the pollen. Results showed that bee activity increased in almond but not in bushland. Residues detected included four fungicides, although the quantities were of low risk of oral toxicity to bees. Floral diversity was lower in the pollen collected by bees from almonds compared to bushland. However, diversity was higher at the onset and conclusion of the almond bloom, suggesting that bees foraged more widely when availability was low. Our findings suggest that commercial almond orchards may sustain healthier bee colonies compared to bushland in early spring, although the magnitude of the benefit is likely landscape-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee C. McKinnon
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Luke Collins
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Nick Murphy
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Martin J. Steinbauer
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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30
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Mitra B, Singha P, Roy Chowdhury A, Sinha AK, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Alamri S, Hossain A. Normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based nitrogen management in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.): Nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and partial nutrient balance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153500. [PMID: 37082340 PMCID: PMC10111010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to assess the impact of fixed and variable doses (using a normalized difference vegetation index-sensor) of nitrogen (N) on wheat yields, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen balance through the optimization of nitrogen dose. There were 10 treatments based on fixed and variable doses with different splits, and each treatment was replicated three times under a randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised fixed doses of 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 with different splits; variable doses based on sensor readings after application of 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1; 225 kg N ha-1 as a nitrogen-rich control; and no application of nitrogen as the absolute control. It was revealed that the application of a basal dose of 60 kg N ha-1 and another 60 kg N ha-1 at the crown root initiation stage followed by a sensor-guided N application significantly improved wheat grain yields and grain nitrogen uptake. However, straw nitrogen uptake was highest in N-rich plots where 225 kg N ha-1was applied. It was found that any curtailment in these doses at basal and crown root initiation stages followed by nitrogen application using a normalized difference vegetation index sensor later could not bring about higher crop yields. On average, wheat crops responded to 152-155 kg N ha-1 in both years of the study. Partial factor productivity along with agronomic and economic nitrogen use efficiency showed a declining trend with an increased rate of N application. Apparent N recovery values were comparable between normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based N application treatments and treatments receiving lesser N doses. Soil N status decreased in all the treatments except the nitrogen-rich strip, where there was a marginal increase in soil N status after the wheat crop harvest in the rotation. Partial nitrogen balance was negative for all the treatments except the control. From these 2-year field trials, it can be concluded that applying a normalized difference vegetation index sensor could be an essential tool for the rational management of fertilizer nitrogen in wheat grown in eastern sub-Himalayan plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Mitra
- Department of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Prantick Singha
- Department of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhas Kumar Sinha
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Akbar Hossain,
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Marada P, Cukor J, Kuběnka M, Linda R, Vacek Z, Vacek S. New agri-environmental measures have a direct effect on wildlife and economy on conventional agricultural land. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15000. [PMID: 36967992 PMCID: PMC10038087 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to evaluate economic profits along with return on investment and also the impact of newly designed agri-environmental measures (AEM) on the presence of bioindicator species-European hare and roe deer-in comparison to conventionally cultivated agricultural land. The abundance of European hare was, on average, 4.5-6.7 times higher on AEM compared to the standard agricultural regime and 3.5-6.4 times higher in the case of roe deer in 2020 and 2021. From an economic point of view, the highest incomes were found for extensive orchard alleys and standard conventional crops-wheat and rapeseed rotation. The cash flow from extensive orchard was 4.3 times larger and wheat and rapeseed were 3.5 times larger than from the clover grass mixture. Moreover, the lowest value of operational expenses was found in the case of extensive orchard alleys. The payback period ranged from 16.02 years (wheat and rapeseed rotation) to 53.6 years (clover grass mixture). It is crucial not to assess the economic parameters separately but optimize them with sustainable wildlife management and other benefits that provide ecological and efficient directions of AEM for future generations. However, the performed economic analysis highlights the significantly lower incomes of most components of AEM. We see a principal issue of AEMs usage in the lack of strong incentives for farmers to maximize conservation outcomes. Therefore, the AEMs are often placed in locations with presumed low agriculture profit, which is often related to insignificant conservation effects. Thus, the incomparable AEMs profitability compared to conventional agriculture has to be reflected by the agricultural policy at the European Union level and subsidy policy of particular member states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Marada
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cukor
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rostislav Linda
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Vacek
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Collas L, Crastes dit Sourd R, Finch T, Green R, Hanley N, Balmford A. The costs of delivering environmental outcomes with land sharing and land sparing. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Collas
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Romain Crastes dit Sourd
- Centre for Decision Research, Management Department Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Tom Finch
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bedfordshire UK
| | - Rhys Green
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bedfordshire UK
| | - Nick Hanley
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Sanford M, Lorimer J. Veganuary and the vegan sausage (t)rolls: conflict and commercial engagement in online climate-diet discourse. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:455. [PMID: 36568509 PMCID: PMC9761638 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Social media platforms have become critical venues for a wide spectrum of influence campaigns, from activism to advertising. Sometimes these two ends overlap and it remains unknown how the latter might impact the former. Situated within contemporary scholarship on vegan activism, this work examines corporate involvement with the Veganuary 2019 campaign on Twitter, as well as the antagonistic backlash it received. We find that the activists and commercial entities engage mostly separate audiences, suggesting that commercial campaigns do little to drive interactions with Veganuary activism. We also discover strong threads of antagonism reflecting the "culture wars" surrounding discussions of veganism and climate-diet science. These findings inform our understanding of the challenges facing climate-diet discourses on social media and motivate further research into the role of commercial agents in online activism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sanford
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Lorimer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cusworth G, Lorimer J, Brice J, Garnett T. Green rebranding: Regenerative agriculture, future-pasts, and the naturalisation of livestock. TRANSACTIONS (INSTITUTE OF BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS : 1965) 2022; 47:1009-1027. [PMID: 36618006 PMCID: PMC9796824 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxieties around the relationship between livestock agriculture and the environmental crisis are driving sustained discussions about the place of beef and dairy farming in a sustainable food system. Proposed solutions range from 'clean-cow' sustainable intensification to 'no-cow', animal free futures, both of which encourage a disruptive break with past practice. This paper reviews the alternative proposition of regenerative agriculture that naturalises beef and dairy production by invoking the past to justify future, nature-based solutions. Drawing on fieldwork in the UK, it first introduces two of the most prominent strands to this green rebranding of cattle: the naturalisation of ruminant methane emissions and the optimisation of soil carbon sequestration via the use of ruminant grazing animals. Subsequent thematic analysis outlines the three political strategies of post-pastoral storytelling, political ecological baselining and a probiotic model of bovine biopolitics that perform this naturalisation. The conclusion assesses the potential and the risks of this approach to grounding the geographies and the temporalities of agricultural transition in the Anthropocene: an epoch in which time is out of joint and natures are multiple and non-analogue, such that they provide slippery and contested grounds for political solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cusworth
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, Oxford Martin SchoolUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Jeremy Brice
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, Oxford Martin SchoolUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tara Garnett
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, Oxford Martin SchoolUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Rehman A, Farooq M, Lee DJ, Siddique KHM. Sustainable agricultural practices for food security and ecosystem services. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84076-84095. [PMID: 36258111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The notion of food security is a global phenomenon that impinges on every human. Efforts to increase productivity and yields have historically degraded the environment and reduced biodiversity and ecosystem services, with the significant impact on the poor. Sustainable agriculture-farming in sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services-is a practical option for achieving global food security while minimizing further environmental degradation. Sustainable agricultural systems offer ecosystem services, such as pollination, biological pest control, regulation of soil and water quality, maintenance of soil structure and fertility, carbon sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient cycling, hydrological services, and biodiversity conservation. In this review, we discuss the potential of sustainable agriculture for achieving global food security alongside healthy ecosystems that provide other valuable services to humankind. Too often, agricultural production systems are considered separate from other natural ecosystems, and insufficient attention has been paid to how services can flow to and from agricultural production systems to surrounding ecosystems. This review also details the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services, highlights current knowledge gaps, and proposes areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, 31116, South Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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Smith MR, Mueller ND, Springmann M, Sulser TB, Garibaldi LA, Gerber J, Wiebe K, Myers SS. Pollinator Deficits, Food Consumption, and Consequences for Human Health: A Modeling Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:127003. [PMID: 36515549 PMCID: PMC9749483 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal pollination supports agricultural production for many healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, that provide key nutrients and protect against noncommunicable disease. Today, most crops receive suboptimal pollination because of limited abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Animal pollinators are currently suffering owing to a host of direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures: land-use change, intensive farming techniques, harmful pesticides, nutritional stress, and climate change, among others. OBJECTIVES We aimed to model the impacts on current global human health from insufficient pollination via diet. METHODS We used a climate zonation approach to estimate current yield gaps for animal-pollinated foods and estimated the proportion of the gap attributable to insufficient pollinators based on existing research. We then simulated closing the "pollinator yield gaps" by eliminating the portion of total yield gaps attributable to insufficient pollination. Next, we used an agriculture-economic model to estimate the impacts of closing the pollinator yield gap on food production, interregional trade, and consumption. Finally, we used a comparative risk assessment to estimate the related changes in dietary risks and mortality by country and globally. In addition, we estimated the lost economic value of crop production for three diverse case-study countries: Honduras, Nepal, and Nigeria. RESULTS Globally, we calculated that 3%-5% of fruit, vegetable, and nut production is lost due to inadequate pollination, leading to an estimated 427,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 86,000, 691,000) excess deaths annually from lost healthy food consumption and associated diseases. Modeled impacts were unevenly distributed: Lost food production was concentrated in lower-income countries, whereas impacts on food consumption and mortality attributable to insufficient pollination were greater in middle- and high-income countries with higher rates of noncommunicable disease. Furthermore, in our three case-study countries, we calculated the economic value of crop production to be 12%-31% lower than if pollinators were abundant (due to crop production losses of 3%-19%), mainly due to lost fruit and vegetable production. DISCUSSION According to our analysis, insufficient populations of pollinators were responsible for large present-day burdens of disease through lost healthy food consumption. In addition, we calculated that low-income countries lost significant income and crop yields from pollinator deficits. These results underscore the urgent need to promote pollinator-friendly practices for both human health and agricultural livelihoods. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Smith
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathaniel D. Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marco Springmann
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Environmental Change Institute and Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy B. Sulser
- Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Miter 630, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Mitre 630, CP 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - James Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keith Wiebe
- Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Samuel S. Myers
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Xiong L, Shah F, Wu W. Environmental and socio-economic performance of intensive farming systems with varying agricultural resource for maize production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158030. [PMID: 35973532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of meeting the rising food demand and the need for achieving this through environment friendly and socio-economically acceptable strategies has posed an unprecedented pressure on the current intensive farming systems. Evidence for integrating the environmental burden and socio-economic profit is lacking. This study quantifies the yield performance, environmental burden (in terms of seven mid-point environmental impact categories, especially for the global warming potential (GWP) in terms of greenhouse gas emissions), and economic benefits among different intensive farming systems with varying agricultural resource input in maize (Zea mays) production. The results showed that seed yields increased with increasing resource inputs under intensive farming systems. Meanwhile, environmental burden in terms of GWP and integrated environmental impacts (IEI) based on per unit grain yield produced increased substantially with increasing resource inputs. The conventional planting accomplished the worst environmental performance (represented by the highest IEI), which was mainly attributed to higher agricultural resource input (such as fertilizer and diesel fuel consumption) per unit of grain yield produced, and thereby increased GWP, abiotic depletion-elements (Ade), ozone layer depletion (ODP), photochemical oxidation (PO), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) by 22 %, 30 %, 36 %, 25 %, 32 % and 35 %, respectively. The relatively lower resource input under intensive farming coupled with water-saving technology could be highly recommended to local farmers; while extreme resource input planting patterns were not endorsed because of the yield penalty, low net revenue and high environmental burden. This study highlights the importance of an appropriate use of agricultural resources and innovative water-saving technology for mitigating environmental perils and ensuring global food supplies under intensive farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Farooq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
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Degeling C, Hall J. Governing Antibiotic Risks in Australian Agriculture: Sustaining Conflicting Common Goods Through Competing Compliance Mechanisms. Public Health Ethics 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The One Health approach to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires stakeholders to contribute to cross-sectoral efforts to improve antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). One Health AMR policy implementation is challenging in livestock farming because of the infrastructural role of antibiotics in production systems. Mitigating AMR may require the development of more stringent stewardship obligations and the future limitation of established entitlements. Drawing on Amatai Etzioni’s compliance theory, regulatory analyses and qualitative studies with stakeholder groups we examine the structural and socio-cultural dimension of antibiotic use and AMS compliance in Australian beef and dairy production. We found a disconnect between how antibiotic use is conceptualised by farmers and the way in which AMS policies construe agricultural AMR risks. Under the umbrella of food safety standards and national-level prescribing restrictions, farmers and veterinarians interact around antibiotic use with different operating logics and compliance mechanisms. These parallel regimes service distinct and sometimes competing common goods of food security and antibiotic preservation. Further reforms to mitigate AMR need to account for the value orientations of different groups and the embeddedness of the constraints imposed by existing systems. Advocacy for greater AMR precaution in agriculture should acknowledge and compensate for erosions in competing common goods and the cost of proposed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Degeling
- Australian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence and Values, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW , Australia
| | - Julie Hall
- Australian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence and Values, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW , Australia
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Rondeau S, Willis Chan DS, Pindar A. Identifying wild bee visitors of major crops in North America with notes on potential threats from agricultural practices. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.943237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the critical importance of insect pollination to food security and documented declines in wild bee populations, it is imperative to develop effective conservation and management strategies that promote the health of wild bee communities associated with agroecosystems. Identifying wild bee visitors of crops, including crop-flower visitors and species that nest within cropping areas, may prove critical to this endeavor as optimal conservation strategies may differ among bee species and/or guilds, regions, and cropping systems. Although lists of bee species that are associated with North American crops are scattered throughout the literature, there is a need for a comprehensive compilation of those species by crop, region, and nesting guild. Here, we searched the literature to compile a list of wild bee species associated with 33 major crops in North America and assessed the overlap in bee species communities among crops and regions. Of the 739 crop-associated bee species retrieved, 405 species (54.8%) were ground nesters, and 438 species (59.3%) were identified as crop-flower visitors of at least one crop. Because of their nesting and foraging behavior, we argue that these species are more likely to be exposed to agricultural pesticide residues than bee species that do not nest in the ground or feed directly on crop flowers. We further compiled lists of wild bees that have been found to be associated with all of the four most surveyed perennial fruit crops (apple, blueberry, cranberry, strawberry) and all of the three most surveyed cucurbit crops (cucumber, Cucurbita, watermelon) in eastern North America. These lists of bee species can be used to focus attention on species needing better protection strategies within agroecosystems, especially for these two important North American crop groups and can also inform the development of multi-species pesticide risk assessment schemes.
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Zhao L, Li X, Li X, Ai C. Dynamic Changes and Regional Differences of Net Carbon Sequestration of Food Crops in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13229. [PMID: 36293810 PMCID: PMC9602910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbon sequestration of food crops is of great significance to slow down agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural production and management. This paper analyzes the dynamic change and regional differences of net carbon sequestration of food crops from temporal and spatial perspectives for the case study area of the Yangtze River economic belt (YREB) in China. We use the calculation formula of carbon sequestration and carbon emission to calculate the net carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River economic belt. On this basis, we analyze the dynamic trend and regional differences of net carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River economic belt. Furthermore, we use the Gini coefficient to measure the quantitative gap of net carbon sequestration of grain crops in different regions of the Yangtze River economic belt. The results show that: (1) from 2000-2018, the net carbon sequestration of food crops keeps rising within the studied area, while the carbon emission shows a fluctuating downward trend; (2) remarkable regional differences in the net carbon sequestration of food crops have occurred, and most provinces (cities) show an upward trend for the studied area; (3) the unequitable distribution of net carbon sequestration of food crops is clearly displayed in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the studied area. Moreover, the most uneven place is located on the lower reaches, and the least uneven place is in the upper reaches. These findings are important points of reference for reducing the carbon emissions of the agricultural industry in the Yangtze River economic belt of China and in China more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- School of Economics, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Institute of Building a Well Off Society in an All Round Way, Central South University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Central Southern Electric Power Design Institute Co., Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Low Carbon Economy, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chenyang Ai
- College of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
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Sultana F, Wahab MA, Nahiduzzaman M, Mohiuddin M, Iqbal MZ, Shakil A, Mamun AA, Khan MSR, Wong L, Asaduzzaman M. Seaweed farming for food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and women empowerment: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101478. [DOI: 10.3390/life12101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the third most producing crop in China after maize and rice. In order to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of winter wheat, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen ratios and doses at various development stages of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A total of five N doses (0, N75, N150, N225, and N300 kg ha−1) as main plots and two N ratios were applied in split doses (50%:50% and 60%:40%, referring to 50% at sowing time and 50% at jointing stage, 50% at sowing time + 50% at flowering stage, 50% at sowing time + 50% at grain filling stage, and 60% + 40% N ratio applied as a 60% at sowing time and 40% at jointing stage, 60% at sowing time and 40% at flowering stage, and 60% at sowing time and 40% at grain filling stage in subplots). The results of this study revealed that a nitrogen dose of 225 kg ha−1 significantly augmented the plant height by 27% and above ground biomass (ABG) by 24% at the grain filling stage, and the leaf area was enhanced by 149% at the flowering stage under 60 + 40% ratios. Furthermore, the N225 kg ha−1 significantly prompted the photosynthetic rate by 47% at the jointing and flowering stages followed by grain filling stage compared to the control. The correlation analysis exhibited the positive relationship between nitrogen uptake and nitrogen content, chlorophyll, and dry biomass, revealing that NUE enhanced and ultimately increased the winter wheat yield. In conclusion, our results depicted that optimizing the nitrogen dose (N225 kg/ha−1) with a 60% + 40% ratio at jointing stage increased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization rate.
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Guo X, Yu B, Yan M, Guo H, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Endogenous Development Models and Paths Selection of Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Ecological Environment Advantages: A Case Study of Nanshi Village, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11979. [PMID: 36231281 PMCID: PMC9565515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to discuss how to give full play to the comparative advantages of the rural ecological environment and realize the endogenous development of rural society and economy in China. First, based on the ecological economy theory of "lucid waters and lush mountains are golden and silver mountains" (the "two mountains" theory), we integrated the theories and methods of ecology, economics, and geography disciplines to examine the transformation of "ecological advantages" into "economic development" from a comprehensive perspective. Second, based on the matching relationship between the division of major function zones and the classification of ecological services, we creatively constructed a theoretical framework for the endogenous development of rural areas. Third, accounting indicators and methods for rural ecological products' biophysical quantity and monetary value are established. Finally, we conducted an empirical study of Nanshi Village in central China as a case. The results showed that: The benefits provided by ecosystems to the development of human society would be underestimated if it is measured only by the provisioning services; the per capita Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) of the case area was three times the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents in the same period. Taking advantage of the rural ecological environment to promote the actual transformation of the potential value of ecological products is the feasible path for rural revitalization. One of the implications of this study is that it links the rural ecological and environmental advantages with social and economic development from the perspective of ecological economics and provides decision-making support for this case and other similar rural ecological industry revitalization practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Meiyan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Junhu Ren
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zonggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Febria CM, Fraser EDG, Sibley PK. The sustainable agriculture imperative: A perspective on the need for an agrosystem approach to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1199-1205. [PMID: 34821459 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of modern, industrial agriculture and its high input-high output carbon energy model is rendering agricultural landscapes less resilient. The expected continued increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, in conjunction with declining soil health and biodiversity losses, could make food more expensive to produce. The United Nations has called for global action by establishing 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), four of which are linked to food production and security: declining biodiversity (SDG 15), loss of ecosystem services and agroecosystem stability caused by increasing stress from food production intensification and climate change (SDG 13), declining soil health caused by agricultural practices (SDGs 2 and 6), and dependence on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to maintain high productivity (SDG 2). To achieve these SDGs, the agriculture sector must take a leading role in reversing the many negative environmental trends apparent in today's agricultural landscapes to ensure that they will adapt and be resilient to climate change in 2030 and beyond. This will demand fundamental changes in how we practice agriculture from an environmental standpoint. Here, we present a perspective focused on the implementation of an agrosystem approach, which we define to promote regenerative agriculture, an integrative approach that provides greater resilience to a changing climate, reverses biodiversity loss, and improves soil health; honors Indigenous ways of knowing and a holistic approach to living off and learning from the land; and supports the establishment of emerging circular economies and community well-being. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1199-1205. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Febria
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan D G Fraser
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geometrics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Schulp CJE, Komossa F, Scherer L, van der Zanden EH, Debolini M, Piorr A. The Role of Different Types of Actors In The Future of Sustainable Agriculture In a Dutch Peri-urban Area. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:401-419. [PMID: 35507108 PMCID: PMC9065672 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peri-urban areas support a broad range of multifunctional demands for public goods. In northwest Europe, peri-urban areas tend to overlap with intensive agricultural land, resulting in conflicts between agricultural use and the public good demands of residents. Sustainable intensification (SI) of agriculture might help reconcile agricultural and well-being goals, but it is unclear how the mix of actors in a peri-urban setting can trigger or restrain SI. In a Dutch case study, we explored how SI of agriculture can contribute to making peri-urban areas more sustainable, and which actors are key enabling factors for implementing SI. We used interviews, surveys, workshops, and empirical analysis to obtain insight into the stakeholder's vision of a sustainable future for the case study area, the farming system and actor network. We integrated these insights in a Bayesian Belief Network, where we linked the actor network to implementation of three SI measures (farm-level efficiency measures, small landscape elements, and direct sales), and used sensitivity analysis to model effects of support for implementation by different groups of actors. The case study has a dense stakeholder network, where, dependent on the SI measure, farmers are triggered by all actors to implement SI, or have a stronger role in uptake themselves. The sensitivity analysis suggested that the future preferred by the stakeholders requires broad support of all actors involved, with local actors without a formal role being essential for uptake. Overall, trade-offs among public goods are almost inevitable when taking up SI measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina J E Schulp
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1111, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Franziska Komossa
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1111, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Scherer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Emma H van der Zanden
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1111, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bezuidenhoutseweg 30, 2594 AV, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Debolini
- UMR EMMAH INRAE/AU, 228 route de l'Aérodrome, 89914, Avignon, France
| | - Annette Piorr
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
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46
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Wang S, Jiang H, Qiao Y, Jiang S, Lin H, Sun Q. The Research Progress of Vision-Based Artificial Intelligence in Smart Pig Farming. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22176541. [PMID: 36080994 PMCID: PMC9460267 DOI: 10.3390/s22176541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pork accounts for an important proportion of livestock products. For pig farming, a lot of manpower, material resources and time are required to monitor pig health and welfare. As the number of pigs in farming increases, the continued use of traditional monitoring methods may cause stress and harm to pigs and farmers and affect pig health and welfare as well as farming economic output. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence has become a core part of smart pig farming. The precision pig farming system uses sensors such as cameras and radio frequency identification to monitor biometric information such as pig sound and pig behavior in real-time and convert them into key indicators of pig health and welfare. By analyzing the key indicators, problems in pig health and welfare can be detected early, and timely intervention and treatment can be provided, which helps to improve the production and economic efficiency of pig farming. This paper studies more than 150 papers on precision pig farming and summarizes and evaluates the application of artificial intelligence technologies to pig detection, tracking, behavior recognition and sound recognition. Finally, we summarize and discuss the opportunities and challenges of precision pig farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Honghua Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yongliang Qiao
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics (ACFR), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Huaiqin Lin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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47
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Harrington S, Knox JJ, Burns AR, Choo KL, Au A, Kitner M, Haeberli C, Pyche J, D'Amata C, Kim YH, Volpatti JR, Guiliani M, Snider J, Wong V, Palmeira BM, Redman EM, Vaidya AS, Gilleard JS, Stagljar I, Cutler SR, Kulke D, Dowling JJ, Yip CM, Keiser J, Zasada I, Lautens M, Roy PJ. Egg-laying and locomotory screens with C. elegans yield a nematode-selective small molecule stimulator of neurotransmitter release. Commun Biol 2022; 5:865. [PMID: 36002479 PMCID: PMC9402605 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode parasites of humans, livestock and crops dramatically impact human health and welfare. Alarmingly, parasitic nematodes of animals have rapidly evolved resistance to anthelmintic drugs, and traditional nematicides that protect crops are facing increasing restrictions because of poor phylogenetic selectivity. Here, we exploit multiple motor outputs of the model nematode C. elegans towards nematicide discovery. This work yielded multiple compounds that selectively kill and/or immobilize diverse nematode parasites. We focus on one compound that induces violent convulsions and paralysis that we call nementin. We find that nementin stimulates neuronal dense core vesicle release, which in turn enhances cholinergic signaling. Consequently, nementin synergistically enhances the potency of widely-used non-selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, but in a nematode-selective manner. Nementin therefore has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of toxic AChE inhibitors that are used to control nematode infections and infestations. A C. elegans-based screening approach identifies nementin as a nematode-selective nematicide that can be used synergistically with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Harrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica J Knox
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew R Burns
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ken-Loon Choo
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Au
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Megan Kitner
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Cecile Haeberli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss-Tropical and Public Health Institute, (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Pyche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cassandra D'Amata
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Volpatti
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maximillano Guiliani
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jamie Snider
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruna M Palmeira
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aditya S Vaidya
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Igor Stagljar
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kulke
- Research Parasiticides, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Monheim, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - James J Dowling
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss-Tropical and Public Health Institute, (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inga Zasada
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mark Lautens
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter J Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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48
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Huang Y, Li X, Xiong Q, Chen Y, Peng Z, Chen J, Li J, Zhang Y, Cui J. Preparation and Insecticidal Activity Evaluation of Emamectin-Lignin Sulfonic Acid Conjugate with Antiphotolysis Property. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29046-29053. [PMID: 36033669 PMCID: PMC9404529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release formulations (CRFs) are considered an effective way to solve the low bioavailability of traditional pesticides. However, CRFs prepared by coating or encapsulation has the disadvantage of explosive release of the ingredients. Sustained-release pesticides prepared by coupling with a carrier can overcome this shortcoming. In the present study, an emamectin-lignin sulfonic acid conjugate (EB-SL), in which emamectin was connected via sulfonamide bonds with lignin, was prepared using sodium lignosulfonate as the carrier. The structure of the conjugate was characterized by IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. The sustained-release results showed that EB-SL maintained its original structure when released in pure water and soil columns, and the sulfamide bond did not break. The photolysis test displayed that the photolysis half-life T 0.5 of EB-SL was increased by 1.5 times compared with the emamectin suspending concentrate (EB-SC). Bioactivity tests in the greenhouse showed that EB-SL not only had similar insecticidal toxicity to emamectin emulsion concentrate (EB-EC) against Ostrinia nubilalis but also displayed a longer duration. The lethality of EB-SL on O. nubilalis was maintained at more than 70% across 19 days, whereas EB-EC as the control was less than 50% after 11 days of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xiangying Li
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qipeng Xiong
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zining Peng
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Guangxi
Tianyuan Biochemical Company Limited, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Junyan Li
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Zhang
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
- Guangxi
Tianyuan Biochemical Company Limited, Nanning 530001, PR China
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49
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Chen K, Huang T, Zhang X, Liu X, Jian X, Zhugu R, Wang L, Tao S, Liu J, Gao H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ma J. Drivers of Global Methane Emissions Embodied in International Beef Trade. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11256-11265. [PMID: 35900360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing worldwide demand for beef products promotes international beef trade. Cattle raising and beef products as significant sources of methane (CH4) emissions have received widespread concerns. However, the factors driving CH4 emissions embodied in the global beef trade have not been quantified. Here, we evaluate international beef trade-induced CH4 emissions and assess the contribution of the five driving factors to changes in CH4 emissions embodied in the beef trade from 2000 to 2018. We show that driven by increasing population and meat demands, the global beef trade-induced CH4 emissions increased continuously in the past two decades, with total emissions of 9337.3 Gg in 2018. The drivers that could potentially reduce trade-related emissions are emission intensities in beef exporting countries and beef importing countries' selections of their beef suppliers. Together, these two driving factors reduced CH4 emissions by 923.5 Gg from 2012 to 2018. Results suggest that efforts should be made to reduce the emission intensity via improving cattle feed and feeding practices in beef exporting countries. Beef importing countries could also contribute to CH4 emission reduction by selecting those beef exporting countries with low emission intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaohu Jian
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhugu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linfei Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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50
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Degrowth in Practice: Developing an Ecological Habitus within Permaculture Entrepreneurship. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The literature on degrowth has suffered from only engaging with normative ideas. More recently the degrowth debate has started moving from a normative perspective to close the wide gap that has existed between normative ideas and is analysing how to link ideas to the institutional and cultural environment that shapes practices. To address this challenge, we draw on the work of Pierre Bourdieu in order to examine transformations in the habitus and forms of capital of those who decide to move into sustainable entrepreneurship through permaculture in Brazil. Permaculture represents a vibrant alternative to industrial food production and addresses fundamental contemporary social problems, such as increasing inequalities, climate change and the loss of biodiversity. The article explores the challenges faced and respective responses of those who decide to change their relationships with nature and society by becoming permaculture entrepreneurs (PEs). The paper shows that, when entering the permaculture universe, individuals start critically examining their values and ways of living, which leads to a disengagement from dominant patterns of behaviour and social expectations in order to pursue sustainable lifestyles and thereby develop an ecological habitus.
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