1
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Grazzini A, Cavanaugh AM. Fungal microtubule organizing centers are evolutionarily unstable structures. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 172:103885. [PMID: 38485050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
For most Eukaryotic species the requirements of cilia formation dictate the structure of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). In this study we find that loss of cilia corresponds to loss of evolutionary stability for fungal MTOCs. We used iterative search algorithms to identify proteins homologous to those found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe MTOCs, and calculated site-specific rates of change for those proteins that were broadly phylogenetically distributed. Our results indicate that both the protein composition of MTOCs as well as the sequence of MTOC proteins are poorly conserved throughout the fungal kingdom. To begin to reconcile this rapid evolutionary change with the rigid structure and essential function of the S. cerevisiae MTOC we further analyzed how structural interfaces among proteins influence the rates of change for specific residues within a protein. We find that a more stable protein may stabilize portions of an interacting partner where the two proteins are in contact. In summary, while the protein composition and sequences of the MTOC may be rapidly changing the proteins within the structure have a stabilizing effect on one another. Further exploration of fungal MTOCs will expand our understanding of how changes in the functional needs of a cell have affected physical structures, proteomes, and protein sequences throughout fungal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grazzini
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ann M Cavanaugh
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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2
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Sankaralingam P, Wang S, Liu Y, Oegema KF, O'Connell KF. The kinase ZYG-1 phosphorylates the cartwheel protein SAS-5 to drive centriole assembly in C. elegans. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2698-2721. [PMID: 38744971 PMCID: PMC11169420 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrioles organize centrosomes, the cell's primary microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs). Centrioles double in number each cell cycle, and mis-regulation of this process is linked to diseases such as cancer and microcephaly. In C. elegans, centriole assembly is controlled by the Plk4 related-kinase ZYG-1, which recruits the SAS-5-SAS-6 complex. While the kinase activity of ZYG-1 is required for centriole assembly, how it functions has not been established. Here we report that ZYG-1 physically interacts with and phosphorylates SAS-5 on 17 conserved serine and threonine residues in vitro. Mutational scanning reveals that serine 10 and serines 331/338/340 are indispensable for proper centriole assembly. Embryos expressing SAS-5S10A exhibit centriole assembly failure, while those expressing SAS-5S331/338/340A possess extra centrioles. We show that in the absence of serine 10 phosphorylation, the SAS-5-SAS-6 complex is recruited to centrioles, but is not stably incorporated, possibly due to a failure to coordinately recruit the microtubule-binding protein SAS-4. Our work defines the critical role of phosphorylation during centriole assembly and reveals that ZYG-1 might play a role in preventing the formation of excess centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Sankaralingam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen F Oegema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kevin F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Babcock NS, Montes-Cabrera G, Oberhofer KE, Chergui M, Celardo GL, Kurian P. Ultraviolet Superradiance from Mega-Networks of Tryptophan in Biological Architectures. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4035-4046. [PMID: 38641327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Networks of tryptophan (Trp)─an aromatic amino acid with strong fluorescence response─are ubiquitous in biological systems, forming diverse architectures in transmembrane proteins, cytoskeletal filaments, subneuronal elements, photoreceptor complexes, virion capsids, and other cellular structures. We analyze the cooperative effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) excitation of several biologically relevant Trp mega-networks, thus giving insights into novel mechanisms for cellular signaling and control. Our theoretical analysis in the single-excitation manifold predicts the formation of strongly superradiant states due to collective interactions among organized arrangements of up to >105 Trp UV-excited transition dipoles in microtubule architectures, which leads to an enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) that is confirmed by our experiments. We demonstrate the observed consequences of this superradiant behavior in the fluorescence QY for hierarchically organized tubulin structures, which increases in different geometric regimes at thermal equilibrium before saturation, highlighting the effect's persistence in the presence of disorder. Our work thus showcases the many orders of magnitude across which the brightest (hundreds of femtoseconds) and darkest (tens of seconds) states can coexist in these Trp lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Babcock
- Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20060, United States
| | - G Montes-Cabrera
- Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20060, United States
- Institute of Physics, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - K E Oberhofer
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - G L Celardo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - P Kurian
- Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20060, United States
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4
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Laporte MH, Gambarotto D, Bertiaux É, Bournonville L, Louvel V, Nunes JM, Borgers S, Hamel V, Guichard P. Time-series reconstruction of the molecular architecture of human centriole assembly. Cell 2024; 187:2158-2174.e19. [PMID: 38604175 PMCID: PMC11060037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Centriole biogenesis, as in most organelle assemblies, involves the sequential recruitment of sub-structural elements that will support its function. To uncover this process, we correlated the spatial location of 24 centriolar proteins with structural features using expansion microscopy. A time-series reconstruction of protein distributions throughout human procentriole assembly unveiled the molecular architecture of the centriole biogenesis steps. We found that the process initiates with the formation of a naked cartwheel devoid of microtubules. Next, the bloom phase progresses with microtubule blade assembly, concomitantly with radial separation and rapid cartwheel growth. In the subsequent elongation phase, the tubulin backbone grows linearly with the recruitment of the A-C linker, followed by proteins of the inner scaffold (IS). By following six structural modules, we modeled 4D assembly of the human centriole. Collectively, this work provides a framework to investigate the spatial and temporal assembly of large macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Éloïse Bertiaux
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorène Bournonville
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Louvel
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José M Nunes
- University of Geneva, Department of Genetic and evolution, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Tollervey F, Rios MU, Zagoriy E, Woodruff JB, Mahamid J. Native molecular architectures of centrosomes in C. elegans embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587742. [PMID: 38617234 PMCID: PMC11014625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes organize microtubules that are essential for mitotic divisions in animal cells. They consist of centrioles surrounded by Pericentriolar Material (PCM). Questions related to mechanisms of centriole assembly, PCM organization, and microtubule formation remain unanswered, in part due to limited availability of molecular-resolution structural analyses in situ. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to visualize centrosomes across the cell cycle in cells isolated from C. elegans embryos. We describe a pseudo-timeline of centriole assembly and identify distinct structural features including a cartwheel in daughter centrioles, and incomplete microtubule doublets surrounded by a star-shaped density in mother centrioles. We find that centriole and PCM microtubules differ in protofilament number (13 versus 11) indicating distinct nucleation mechanisms. This difference could be explained by atypical γ-tubulin ring complexes with 11-fold symmetry identified at the minus ends of short PCM microtubules. We further characterize a porous and disordered network that forms the interconnected PCM. Thus, our work builds a three-dimensional structural atlas that helps explain how centrosomes assemble, grow, and achieve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Tollervey
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manolo U. Rios
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Zagoriy
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B. Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Khanal S, Jaiswal A, Chowdanayaka R, Puente N, Turner K, Assefa KY, Nawras M, Back ED, Royfman A, Burkett JP, Cheong SH, Fisher HS, Sindhwani P, Gray J, Ramachandra NB, Avidor-Reiss T. The evolution of centriole degradation in mouse sperm. Nat Commun 2024; 15:117. [PMID: 38168044 PMCID: PMC10761967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles found at the cilia base with an evolutionarily conserved structure and a shock absorber-like function. In sperm, centrioles are found at the flagellum base and are essential for embryo development in basal animals. Yet, sperm centrioles have evolved diverse forms, sometimes acting like a transmission system, as in cattle, and sometimes becoming dispensable, as in house mice. How the essential sperm centriole evolved to become dispensable in some organisms is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that this transition occurred through a cascade of evolutionary changes to the proteins, structure, and function of sperm centrioles and was possibly driven by sperm competition. We found that the final steps in this cascade are associated with a change in the primary structure of the centriolar inner scaffold protein FAM161A in rodents. This information provides the first insight into the molecular mechanisms and adaptive evolution underlying a major evolutionary transition within the internal structure of the mammalian sperm neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Chowdanayaka
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, India
| | - Nahshon Puente
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Katerina Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Mohamad Nawras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ezekiel David Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James P Burkett
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi S Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - John Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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7
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Shin M, Lee J, Lee H, Kumar V, Kim J, Park S. Deup1 Expression Interferes with Multiciliated Differentiation. Mol Cells 2023; 46:746-756. [PMID: 38052490 PMCID: PMC10701303 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study revealed that the loss of Deup1 expression does not affect either centriole amplification or multicilia formation. Therefore, the deuterosome per se is not a platform for amplification of centrioles. In this study, we examine whether gain-of-function of Deup1 affects the development of multiciliated ependymal cells. Our time-lapse study reveals that deuterosomes with an average diameter of 300 nm have two different fates during ependymal differentiation. In the first instance, deuterosomes are scattered and gradually disappear as cells become multiciliated. In the second instance, deuterosomes self-organize into a larger aggregate, called a deuterosome cluster (DC). Unlike scattered deuterosomes, DCs possess centriole components primarily within their large structure. A characteristic of DC-containing cells is that they tend to become primary ciliated rather than multiciliated. Our in utero electroporation study shows that DCs in ependymal tissue are mostly observed at early postnatal stages, but are scarce at late postnatal stages, suggesting the presence of DC antagonists within the differentiating cells. Importantly, from our bead flow assay, ectopic expression of Deup1 significantly impairs cerebrospinal fluid flow. Furthermore, we show that expression of mouse Deup1 in Xenopus embryos has an inhibitory effect on differentiation of multiciliated cells in the epidermis. Taken together, we conclude that the DC formation of Deup1 in multiciliated cells inhibits production of multiple centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miram Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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8
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Pierron M, Woglar A, Busso C, Jha K, Mikeladze‐Dvali T, Croisier M, Gönczy P. Centriole elimination during Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis initiates with loss of the central tube protein SAS-1. EMBO J 2023; 42:e115076. [PMID: 37987153 PMCID: PMC10711648 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023115076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In most metazoans, centrioles are lost during oogenesis, ensuring that the zygote is endowed with the correct number of two centrioles, which are paternally contributed. How centriole architecture is dismantled during oogenesis is not understood. Here, we analyze with unprecedent detail the ultrastructural and molecular changes during oogenesis centriole elimination in Caenorhabditis elegans. Centriole elimination begins with loss of the so-called central tube and organelle widening, followed by microtubule disassembly. The resulting cluster of centriolar proteins then disappears gradually, usually moving in a microtubule- and dynein-dependent manner to the plasma membrane. Our analysis indicates that neither Polo-like kinases nor the PCM, which modulate oogenesis centriole elimination in Drosophila, do so in C. elegans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the central tube protein SAS-1 normally departs initially from the organelle, which loses integrity earlier in sas-1 mutants. Overall, our work provides novel mechanistic insights regarding the fundamental process of oogenesis centriole elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierron
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alexander Woglar
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Keshav Jha
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Marie Croisier
- BIO‐EM platform, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
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9
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Kalbfuss N, Gönczy P. Towards understanding centriole elimination. Open Biol 2023; 13:230222. [PMID: 37963546 PMCID: PMC10645514 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based structures crucial for forming flagella, cilia and centrosomes. Through these roles, centrioles are critical notably for proper cell motility, signalling and division. Recent years have advanced significantly our understanding of the mechanisms governing centriole assembly and architecture. Although centrioles are typically very stable organelles, persisting over many cell cycles, they can also be eliminated in some cases. Here, we review instances of centriole elimination in a range of species and cell types. Moreover, we discuss potential mechanisms that enable the switch from a stable organelle to a vanishing one. Further work is expected to provide novel insights into centriole elimination mechanisms in health and disease, thereby also enabling scientists to readily manipulate organelle fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kalbfuss
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Shakhov AS, Churkina AS, Kotlobay AA, Alieva IB. The Endothelial Centrosome: Specific Features and Functional Significance for Endothelial Cell Activity and Barrier Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15392. [PMID: 37895072 PMCID: PMC10607758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes information about the specific features that are characteristic of the centrosome and its relationship with the cell function of highly specialized cells, such as endotheliocytes. It is based on data from other researchers and our own long-term experience. The participation of the centrosome in the functional activity of these cells, including its involvement in the performance of the main barrier function of the endothelium, is discussed. According to modern concepts, the centrosome is a multifunctional complex and an integral element of a living cell; the functions of which are not limited only to the ability to polymerize microtubules. The location of the centrosome near the center of the interphase cell, the concentration of various regulatory proteins in it, the organization of the centrosome radial system of microtubules through which intracellular transport is carried out by motor proteins and the involvement of the centrosome in the process of the perception of the external signals and their transmission make this cellular structure a universal regulatory and distribution center, controlling the entire dynamic morphology of an animal cell. Drawing from modern data on the tissue-specific features of the centrosome's structure, we discuss the direct involvement of the centrosome in the performance of functions by specialized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sergeevich Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Sergeevna Churkina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Alekseevich Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Borisovna Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Turner KA, Caswell DL, McGrady BM, Pietras-Allen A, Sedlak J, Nathan C, Parasuraman S, McGann AP, Fazili FM, Bell JR, El Smail KN, Pillai SB, Parry KR, Richardson KP, Ruble K, Jaiswal A, Shah TA, Sindhwani P, Avidor-Reiss T. CP110 and CEP135 localize near the proximal and distal centrioles of cattle and human spermatozoa. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000951. [PMID: 37822686 PMCID: PMC10562935 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes play an important role in the microtubule organization of a cell. The sperm's specialized centrosome consists of the canonical barrel-shaped proximal centriole, the funnel-shaped distal centriole, and the pericentriolar material known as striated columns (or segmented columns). Here, we examined the localization of the centriole proteins CEP135 and CP110 in cattle and human spermatozoa. In canonical centrioles, CP110 is a centriole tip protein that controls cilia formation, while CEP135 is a structural protein essential for constructing the centriole. In contrast, we found antibodies recognizing CEP135 and CP110 label near the proximal and distal centrioles at the expected location of the striated columns and capitulum in cattle and humans in an antibody and species-specific way. These findings provide a pathway to understanding the unique functions of spermatozoan centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelsie Ruble
- University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
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12
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Otto M, Hoyer-Fender S. ODF2 Negatively Regulates CP110 Levels at the Centrioles/Basal Bodies to Control the Biogenesis of Primary Cilia. Cells 2023; 12:2194. [PMID: 37681926 PMCID: PMC10486571 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential sensory organelles that develop when an inhibitory cap consisting of CP110 and other proteins is eliminated. The degradation of CP110 by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway mediated by NEURL4 and HYLS1 removes the inhibitory cap. Here, we investigated the suitability of rapamycin-mediated dimerization for centriolar recruitment and asked whether the induced recruitment of NEURL4 or HYLS1 to the centriole promotes primary cilia development and CP110 degradation. We used rapamycin-mediated dimerization with ODF2 to induce their targeted recruitment to the centriole. We found decreased CP110 levels in the transfected cells, but independent of rapamycin-mediated dimerization. By knocking down ODF2, we showed that ODF2 controls CP110 levels. The overexpression of ODF2 is not sufficient to promote the formation of primary cilia, but the overexpression of NEURL4 or HYLS1 is. The co-expression of ODF2 and HYLS1 resulted in the formation of tube-like structures, indicating an interaction. Thus, ODF2 controls primary cilia formation by negatively regulating the concentration of CP110 levels. Our data suggest that ODF2 most likely acts as a scaffold for the binding of proteins such as NEURL4 or HYLS1 to mediate CP110 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrid Hoyer-Fender
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology—Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Gönczy P, Balestra FR. Sperm-contributed centrioles segregate stochastically into blastomeres of 4-cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad048. [PMID: 36988082 PMCID: PMC10158834 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas both sperm and egg contribute nuclear genetic material to the zygote in metazoan organisms, the inheritance of other cellular constituents is unequal between the 2 gametes. Thus, 2 copies of the centriole are contributed solely by the sperm to the zygote in most species. Centrioles can have a stereotyped distribution in some asymmetric divisions, but whether sperm-contributed centrioles are distributed in a stereotyped manner in the resulting embryo is not known. Here, we address this question in Caenorhabditis elegans using marked mating experiments, whereby the presence of the 2 sperm-contributed centrioles is monitored in the embryo using the stable centriolar component SAS-4::GFP, as well as GFP::SAS-7. Our analysis demonstrates that the distribution of sperm-contributed centrioles is stochastic in 4-cell stage embryos. Moreover, using sperm from zyg-1 mutant males that harbor a single centriole, we show that the older sperm-contributed centriole is likewise distributed stochastically in the resulting embryo. Overall, we conclude that, in contrast to the situation during some asymmetric cell divisions, centrioles contributed by the male germ line are distributed stochastically in embryos of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Fernando R Balestra
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41080, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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14
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Arora S, Rana M, Sachdev A, D’Souza JS. Appearing and disappearing acts of cilia. J Biosci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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15
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Wong CH, Wingett SW, Qian C, Taliaferro JM, Ross-Thriepland D, Bullock SL. Genome-scale requirements for dynein-based trafficking revealed by a high-content arrayed CRISPR screen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530592. [PMID: 36909483 PMCID: PMC10002790 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) motor plays a key role in cellular organisation by transporting a wide variety of cellular constituents towards the minus ends of microtubules. However, relatively little is known about how the biosynthesis, assembly and functional diversity of the motor is orchestrated. To address this issue, we have conducted an arrayed CRISPR loss-of-function screen in human cells using the distribution of dynein-tethered peroxisomes and early endosomes as readouts. From a guide RNA library targeting 18,253 genes, 195 validated hits were recovered and parsed into those impacting multiple dynein cargoes and those whose effects are restricted to a subset of cargoes. Clustering of high-dimensional phenotypic fingerprints generated from multiplexed images revealed co-functional genes involved in many cellular processes, including several candidate novel regulators of core dynein functions. Mechanistic analysis of one of these proteins, the RNA-binding protein SUGP1, provides evidence that it promotes cargo trafficking by sustaining functional expression of the dynein activator LIS1. Our dataset represents a rich source of new hypotheses for investigating microtubule-based transport, as well as several other aspects of cellular organisation that were captured by our high-content imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hao Wong
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
- Current address: Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Steven W. Wingett
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Chen Qian
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - J. Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Simon L. Bullock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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16
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Arora S, Rana M, Sachdev A, D'Souza JS. Appearing and disappearing acts of cilia. J Biosci 2023; 48:8. [PMID: 36924208 PMCID: PMC10005925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have seen a rise in research on vertebrate cilia and ciliopathy, with interesting collaborations between basic and clinical scientists. This work includes studies on ciliary architecture, composition, evolution, and organelle generation and its biological role. The human body has cells that harbour any of the following four types of cilia: 9+0 motile, 9+0 immotile, 9+2 motile, and 9+2 immotile. Depending on the type, cilia play an important role in cell/fluid movement, mating, sensory perception, and development. Defects in cilia are associated with a wide range of human diseases afflicting the brain, heart, kidneys, respiratory tract, and reproductive system. These are commonly known as ciliopathies and affect millions of people worldwide. Due to their complex genetic etiology, diagnosis and therapy have remained elusive. Although model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been a useful source for ciliary research, reports of a fascinating and rewarding translation of this research into mammalian systems, especially humans, are seen. The current review peeks into one of the complex features of this organelle, namely its birth, the common denominators across the formation of both 9+0 and 9+2 ciliary types, the molecules involved in ciliogenesis, and the steps that go towards regulating their assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Arora
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
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17
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Woglar A, Pierron M, Schneider FZ, Jha K, Busso C, Gönczy P. Molecular architecture of the C. elegans centriole. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001784. [PMID: 36107993 PMCID: PMC9531800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering organizing principles of organelle assembly is a fundamental pursuit in the life sciences. Caenorhabditis elegans was key in identifying evolutionary conserved components governing assembly of the centriole organelle. However, localizing these components with high precision has been hampered by the minute size of the worm centriole, thus impeding understanding of underlying assembly mechanisms. Here, we used Ultrastructure Expansion coupled with STimulated Emission Depletion (U-Ex-STED) microscopy, as well as electron microscopy (EM) and electron tomography (ET), to decipher the molecular architecture of the worm centriole. Achieving an effective lateral resolution of approximately 14 nm, we localize centriolar and PeriCentriolar Material (PCM) components in a comprehensive manner with utmost spatial precision. We found that all 12 components analysed exhibit a ring-like distribution with distinct diameters and often with a 9-fold radial symmetry. Moreover, we uncovered that the procentriole assembles at a location on the centriole margin where SPD-2 and ZYG-1 also accumulate. Moreover, SAS-6 and SAS-5 were found to be present in the nascent procentriole, with SAS-4 and microtubules recruited thereafter. We registered U-Ex-STED and EM data using the radial array of microtubules, thus allowing us to map each centriolar and PCM protein to a specific ultrastructural compartment. Importantly, we discovered that SAS-6 and SAS-4 exhibit a radial symmetry that is offset relative to microtubules, leading to a chiral centriole ensemble. Furthermore, we established that the centriole is surrounded by a region from which ribosomes are excluded and to which SAS-7 localizes. Overall, our work uncovers the molecular architecture of the C. elegans centriole in unprecedented detail and establishes a comprehensive framework for understanding mechanisms of organelle biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Woglar
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Pierron
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Zacharias Schneider
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keshav Jha
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sperm centriole assessment identifies male factor infertility in couples with unexplained infertility – a pilot study. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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19
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Aydogan MG, Hankins LE, Steinacker TL, Mofatteh M, Saurya S, Wainman A, Wong SS, Lu X, Zhou FY, Raff JW. Centriole distal-end proteins CP110 and Cep97 influence centriole cartwheel growth at the proximal-end. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275722. [PMID: 35707992 PMCID: PMC9450887 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are composed of a central cartwheel tethered to nine-fold symmetric microtubule (MT) blades. The centriole cartwheel and MTs are thought to grow from opposite ends of these organelles, so it is unclear how they coordinate their assembly. We previously showed that in Drosophila embryos an oscillation of Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) helps to initiate and time the growth of the cartwheel at the proximal end. Here, in the same model, we show that CP110 and Cep97 form a complex close to the distal-end of the centriole MTs whose levels rise and fall as the new centriole MTs grow, in a manner that appears to be entrained by the core cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)–Cyclin oscillator that drives the nuclear divisions in these embryos. These CP110 and Cep97 dynamics, however, do not appear to time the period of centriole MT growth directly. Instead, we find that changing the levels of CP110 and Cep97 appears to alter the Plk4 oscillation and the growth of the cartwheel at the proximal end. These findings reveal an unexpected potential crosstalk between factors normally concentrated at opposite ends of the growing centrioles, which might help to coordinate centriole growth. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper. Summary: Cp110 and Cep97, proteins that are normally located at the distal-end of the centriole, appear able to influence the assembly of the centriole cartwheel at the proximal end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa G Aydogan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura E Hankins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saroj Saurya
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siu-Shing Wong
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felix Y Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan W Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Ramanantsalama MR, Landrein N, Casas E, Salin B, Blancard C, Bonhivers M, Robinson DR, Dacheux D. TFK1, a basal body transition fibre protein that is essential for cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275643. [PMID: 35588197 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Trypanosoma brucei, transition fibres (TF) form a nine-bladed pattern-like structure connecting the base of the flagellum to the flagellar pocket membrane. Despite the characterization of two TF proteins, CEP164C and TbRP2, little is known about the organization of these fibres. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the first kinetoplastid-specific TF protein named TFK1 (Tb927.6.1180). Bioinformatics and functional domain analysis identified three TFK1 distinct domains: an N-terminal domain of an unpredicted function, a coiled-coil domain involved in TFK1-TFK1 interaction and a C-terminal intrinsically disordered region potentially involved in protein interaction. Cellular immuno-localization showed that TFK1 is a newly identified basal body maturation marker. Further, using ultrastructure expansion and immuno-electron microscopies we localized CEP164C and TbRP2 at the TF and TFK1 on the distal appendage matrix of the TF. Importantly, RNAi knockdown of TFK1 in bloodstream form cells induced misplacement of basal bodies, a defect in the furrow or fold generation and eventually cell death. We hypothesize that TFK1 is a basal body positioning specific actor and a key regulator of cytokinesis in the bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Landrein
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elina Casas
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microscopy Department IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Blancard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microscopy Department IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Bonhivers
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Derrick R Robinson
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Dacheux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux INP, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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21
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Avidor-Reiss T, Achinger L, Uzbekov R. The Centriole's Role in Miscarriages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864692. [PMID: 35300410 PMCID: PMC8922021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles essential for normal cell function and development; they form the cell’s centrosome (a major cytoplasmic microtubule organization center) and cilium (a sensory and motile hair-like cellular extension). Centrioles with evolutionarily conserved characteristics are found in most animal cell types but are absent in egg cells and exhibit unexpectedly high structural, compositional, and functional diversity in sperm cells. As a result, the centriole’s precise role in fertility and early embryo development is unclear. The centrioles are found in the spermatozoan neck, a strategic location connecting two central functional units: the tail, which propels the sperm to the egg and the head, which holds the paternal genetic material. The spermatozoan neck is an ideal site for evolutionary innovation as it can control tail movement pre-fertilization and the male pronucleus’ behavior post-fertilization. We propose that human, bovine, and most other mammals–which exhibit ancestral centriole-dependent reproduction and two spermatozoan centrioles, where one canonical centriole is maintained, and one atypical centriole is formed–adapted extensive species-specific centriolar features. As a result, these centrioles have a high post-fertilization malfunction rate, resulting in aneuploidy, and miscarriages. In contrast, house mice evolved centriole-independent reproduction, losing the spermatozoan centrioles and overcoming a mechanism that causes miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Luke Achinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Kantsadi AL, Hatzopoulos GN, Gönczy P, Vakonakis I. Structures of SAS-6 coiled coil hold implications for the polarity of the centriolar cartwheel. Structure 2022; 30:671-684.e5. [PMID: 35240058 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are eukaryotic organelles that template the formation of cilia and flagella, as well as organize the microtubule network and the mitotic spindle in animal cells. Centrioles have proximal-distal polarity and a 9-fold radial symmetry imparted by a likewise symmetrical central scaffold, the cartwheel. The spindle assembly abnormal protein 6 (SAS-6) self-assembles into 9-fold radially symmetric ring-shaped oligomers that stack via an unknown mechanism to form the cartwheel. Here, we uncover a homo-oligomerization interaction mediated by the coiled-coil domain of SAS-6. Crystallographic structures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SAS-6 coiled-coil complexes suggest this interaction is asymmetric, thereby imparting polarity to the cartwheel. Using a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstitution assay, we demonstrate that amino acid substitutions disrupting this asymmetric association also impair SAS-6 ring stacking. Our work raises the possibility that the asymmetric interaction inherent to SAS-6 coiled-coil provides a polar element for cartwheel assembly, which may assist the establishment of the centriolar proximal-distal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios N Hatzopoulos
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ioannis Vakonakis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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23
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Hibino E, Ichiyama Y, Tsukamura A, Senju Y, Morimune T, Ohji M, Maruo Y, Nishimura M, Mori M. Bex1 is essential for ciliogenesis and harbours biomolecular condensate-forming capacity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:42. [PMID: 35144600 PMCID: PMC8830175 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cilia are sensory organelles crucial for organ development. The pivotal structure of the primary cilia is a microtubule that is generated via tubulin polymerization reaction that occurs in the basal body. It remains to be elucidated how molecules with distinct physicochemical properties contribute to the formation of the primary cilia. RESULTS Here we show that brain expressed X-linked 1 (Bex1) plays an essential role in tubulin polymerization and primary cilia formation. The Bex1 protein shows the physicochemical property of being an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Bex1 shows cell density-dependent accumulation as a condensate either in nucleoli at a low cell density or at the apical cell surface at a high cell density. The apical Bex1 localizes to the basal body. Bex1 knockout mice present ciliopathy phenotypes and exhibit ciliary defects in the retina and striatum. Bex1 recombinant protein shows binding capacity to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and forms the condensate that facilitates tubulin polymerization in the reconstituted system. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals that Bex1 plays an essential role for the primary cilia formation through providing the reaction field for the tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hibino
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ichiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsukamura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takao Morimune
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan. .,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
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24
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Blanco-Ameijeiras J, Lozano-Fernández P, Martí E. Centrosome maturation - in tune with the cell cycle. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274149. [PMID: 35088834 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the main microtubule-organizing centres, playing essential roles in the organization of the cytoskeleton during interphase, and in the mitotic spindle, which controls chromosome segregation, during cell division. Centrosomes also act as the basal body of cilia, regulating cilium length and affecting extracellular signal reception as well as the integration of intracellular signalling pathways. Centrosomes are self-replicative and duplicate once every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes. The core support structure of the centrosome consists of two molecularly distinct centrioles. The mother (mature) centriole exhibits accessory appendages and is surrounded by both pericentriolar material and centriolar satellites, structures that the daughter (immature) centriole lacks. In this Review, we discuss what is currently known about centrosome duplication, its dialogue with the cell cycle and the sequential acquisition of specific components during centriole maturation. We also describe our current understanding of the mature centriolar structures that are required to build a cilium. Altogether, the built-in centrosome asymmetries that stem from the two centrosomes inheriting molecularly different centrioles sets the foundation for cell division being an intrinsically asymmetric process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pilar Lozano-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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25
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Kasera H, Kumar S, Singh P. Yeast 2-hybrid assay for investigating the interaction between the centrosome proteins PLK4 and STIL. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 169:97-114. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Guichard P, Laporte MH, Hamel V. The centriolar tubulin code. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 137:16-25. [PMID: 34896019 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based cell organelles present in most eukaryotes. They participate in the control of cell division as part of the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing center of the cell, and are also essential for the formation of primary and motile cilia. During centriole assembly as well as across its lifetime, centriolar tubulin display marks defined by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as glutamylation or acetylation. To date, the functions of these PTMs at centrioles are not well understood, although pioneering experiments suggest a role in the stability of this organelle. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding PTMs at centrioles with a particular focus on a possible link between these modifications and centriole's architecture, and propose possible hypothesis regarding centriolar tubulin PTMs's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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27
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Schweizer N, Haren L, Dutto I, Viais R, Lacasa C, Merdes A, Lüders J. Sub-centrosomal mapping identifies augmin-γTuRC as part of a centriole-stabilizing scaffold. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6042. [PMID: 34654813 PMCID: PMC8519919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole biogenesis and maintenance are crucial for cells to generate cilia and assemble centrosomes that function as microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Centriole biogenesis and MTOC function both require the microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). It is widely accepted that γTuRC nucleates microtubules from the pericentriolar material that is associated with the proximal part of centrioles. However, γTuRC also localizes more distally and in the centriole lumen, but the significance of these findings is unclear. Here we identify spatially and functionally distinct subpopulations of centrosomal γTuRC. Luminal localization is mediated by augmin, which is linked to the centriole inner scaffold through POC5. Disruption of luminal localization impairs centriole integrity and interferes with cilium assembly. Defective ciliogenesis is also observed in γTuRC mutant fibroblasts from a patient suffering from microcephaly with chorioretinopathy. These results identify a non-canonical role of augmin-γTuRC in the centriole lumen that is linked to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schweizer
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Haren
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS-Université Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilaria Dutto
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Viais
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lacasa
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Merdes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS-Université Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Jens Lüders
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Mofatteh M, Echegaray-Iturra F, Alamban A, Dalla Ricca F, Bakshi A, Aydogan MG. Autonomous clocks that regulate organelle biogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular dynamics. eLife 2021; 10:e72104. [PMID: 34586070 PMCID: PMC8480978 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How do cells perceive time? Do cells use temporal information to regulate the production/degradation of their enzymes, membranes, and organelles? Does controlling biological time influence cytoskeletal organization and cellular architecture in ways that confer evolutionary and physiological advantages? Potential answers to these fundamental questions of cell biology have historically revolved around the discussion of 'master' temporal programs, such as the principal cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin cell division oscillator and the circadian clock. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent evidence supporting an emerging concept of 'autonomous clocks,' which under normal conditions can be entrained by the cell cycle and/or the circadian clock to run at their pace, but can also run independently to serve their functions if/when these major temporal programs are halted/abrupted. We begin the discussion by introducing recent developments in the study of such clocks and their roles at different scales and complexities. We then use current advances to elucidate the logic and molecular architecture of temporal networks that comprise autonomous clocks, providing important clues as to how these clocks may have evolved to run independently and, sometimes at the cost of redundancy, have strongly coupled to run under the full command of the cell cycle and/or the circadian clock. Next, we review a list of important recent findings that have shed new light onto potential hallmarks of autonomous clocks, suggestive of prospective theoretical and experimental approaches to further accelerate their discovery. Finally, we discuss their roles in health and disease, as well as possible therapeutic opportunities that targeting the autonomous clocks may offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mofatteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Fabio Echegaray-Iturra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew Alamban
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Francesco Dalla Ricca
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Anand Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mustafa G Aydogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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29
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Kumar D, Rains A, Herranz-Pérez V, Lu Q, Shi X, Swaney DL, Stevenson E, Krogan NJ, Huang B, Westlake C, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Yoder BK, Reiter JF. A ciliopathy complex builds distal appendages to initiate ciliogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202011133. [PMID: 34241634 PMCID: PMC8276316 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202011133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells inherit two centrioles, the older of which is uniquely capable of generating a cilium. Using proteomics and superresolved imaging, we identify a module that we term DISCO (distal centriole complex). The DISCO components CEP90, MNR, and OFD1 underlie human ciliopathies. This complex localizes to both distal centrioles and centriolar satellites, proteinaceous granules surrounding centrioles. Cells and mice lacking CEP90 or MNR do not generate cilia, fail to assemble distal appendages, and do not transduce Hedgehog signals. Disrupting the satellite pools does not affect distal appendage assembly, indicating that it is the centriolar populations of MNR and CEP90 that are critical for ciliogenesis. CEP90 recruits the most proximal known distal appendage component, CEP83, to root distal appendage formation, an early step in ciliogenesis. In addition, MNR, but not CEP90, restricts centriolar length by recruiting OFD1. We conclude that DISCO acts at the distal centriole to support ciliogenesis by restraining centriole length and assembling distal appendages, defects in which cause human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Addison Rains
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Valencia, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher Westlake
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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30
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Khanal S, Leung MR, Royfman A, Fishman EL, Saltzman B, Bloomfield-Gadêlha H, Zeev-Ben-Mordehai T, Avidor-Reiss T. A dynamic basal complex modulates mammalian sperm movement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3808. [PMID: 34155206 PMCID: PMC8217517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive success depends on efficient sperm movement driven by axonemal dynein-mediated microtubule sliding. Models predict sliding at the base of the tail - the centriole - but such sliding has never been observed. Centrioles are ancient organelles with a conserved architecture; their rigidity is thought to restrict microtubule sliding. Here, we show that, in mammalian sperm, the atypical distal centriole (DC) and its surrounding atypical pericentriolar matrix form a dynamic basal complex (DBC) that facilitates a cascade of internal sliding deformations, coupling tail beating with asymmetric head kinking. During asymmetric tail beating, the DC's right side and its surroundings slide ~300 nm rostrally relative to the left side. The deformation throughout the DBC is transmitted to the head-tail junction; thus, the head tilts to the left, generating a kinking motion. These findings suggest that the DBC evolved as a dynamic linker coupling sperm head and tail into a single self-coordinated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Miguel Ricardo Leung
- The Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abigail Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hermes Bloomfield-Gadêlha
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai
- The Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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31
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Gurkaslar HK, Culfa E, Arslanhan MD, Lince-Faria M, Firat-Karalar EN. CCDC57 Cooperates with Microtubules and Microcephaly Protein CEP63 and Regulates Centriole Duplication and Mitotic Progression. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107630. [PMID: 32402286 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes function in key cellular processes ranging from cell division to cellular signaling. Their dysfunction is linked to cancer and developmental disorders. Here, we identify CCDC57 as a pleiotropic regulator of centriole duplication, mitosis, and ciliogenesis. Combining proximity mapping with superresolution imaging, we show that CCDC57 localizes to the proximal end of centrioles and interacts with the microcephaly protein CEP63, centriolar satellite proteins, and microtubules. Loss of CCDC57 causes defects in centriole duplication and results in a failure to localize CEP63 and CEP152 to the centrosome. Additionally, CCDC57 depletion perturbs mitotic progression both in wild-type and centriole-less cells. Importantly, its centrosome-targeting region is required for its interaction with CEP63 and functions during centriole duplication and cilium assembly, whereas the microtubule-targeting region is required for its mitotic functions. Together, our results identify CCDC57 as a critical interface between centrosome and microtubule-mediated cellular processes that are deregulated in microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kubra Gurkaslar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Efraim Culfa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Melis D Arslanhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mariana Lince-Faria
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34450, Turkey.
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32
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Turner KA, Fishman EL, Asadullah M, Ott B, Dusza P, Shah TA, Sindhwani P, Nadiminty N, Molinari E, Patrizio P, Saltzman BS, Avidor-Reiss T. Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Analysis of Sperm Centrioles (FRAC) Finds Patient Age and Sperm Morphology Are Associated With Centriole Quality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658891. [PMID: 33968935 PMCID: PMC8100587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of infertility and miscarriage causes are unknown. One potential cause is a defective sperm centriole, a subcellular structure essential for sperm motility and embryonic development. Yet, the extent to which centriolar maladies contribute to male infertility is unknown due to the lack of a convenient way to assess centriole quality. We developed a robust, location-based, ratiometric assay to overcome this roadblock, the Fluorescence-based Ratiometric Assessment of Centrioles (FRAC). We performed a case series study with semen samples from 33 patients, separated using differential gradient centrifugation into higher-grade (pellet) and lower-grade (interface) sperm fractions. Using a reference population of higher-grade sperm from infertile men with morphologically standard sperm, we found that 79% of higher-grade sperm of infertile men with substandard sperm morphology have suboptimal centrioles (P = 0.0005). Moreover, tubulin labeling of the sperm distal centriole correlates negatively with age (P = 0.004, R = -0.66). These findings suggest that FRAC is a sensitive method and that patient age and sperm morphology are associated with centriole quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina A. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily L. Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Mariam Asadullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Brooke Ott
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Dusza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tariq A. Shah
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emanuela Molinari
- Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasquale Patrizio
- Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara S. Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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33
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Wu Q, Yu X, Liu L, Sun S, Sun S. Centrosome-phagy: implications for human diseases. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:49. [PMID: 33663596 PMCID: PMC7934278 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00557-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a prominent mechanism to preserve homeostasis and the response to intracellular or extracellular stress. Autophagic degradation can be selectively targeted to dysfunctional subcellular compartments. Centrosome homeostasis is pivotal for healthy proliferating cells, but centrosome aberration is a hallmark of diverse human disorders. Recently, a process called centrosome-phagy has been identified. The process involves a panel of centrosomal proteins and centrosome-related pathways that mediate the specific degradation of centrosomal components via the autophagic machinery. Although autophagy normally mediates centrosome homeostasis, autophagy defects facilitate ageing and multiple human diseases, such as ciliopathies and cancer, which benefit from centrosome aberration. Here, we discuss the molecular systems that trigger centrosome-phagy and its role in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Liu
- Center of Ultramicroscopic Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Priyanga J, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Microtubule motors in centrosome homeostasis: A target for cancer therapy? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188524. [PMID: 33582170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a grievous concern to human health, owing to a massive heterogeneity in its cause and impact. Dysregulation (numerical, positional and/or structural) of centrosomes is one of the notable factors among those that promote onset and progression of cancers. In a normal dividing cell, a pair of centrosomes forms two poles, thereby governing the formation of a bipolar spindle assembly. A large number of cancer cells, however, harbor supernumerary centrosomes, which mimic the bipolar arrangement in normal cells by centrosome clustering (CC) into two opposite poles, thus developing a pseudo-bipolar spindle assembly. Manipulation of centrosome homeostasis is the paramount pre-requisite for the evasive strategy of CC in cancers. Out of the varied factors that uphold centrosome integrity, microtubule motors (MiMos) play a critical role. Categorized as dyneins and kinesins, MiMos are involved in cohesion of centrosomes, and also facilitate the maintenance of the numerical, positional and structural integrity of centrosomes. Herein, we elucidate the decisive mechanisms undertaken by MiMos to mediate centrosome homeostasis, and how dysregulation of the same might lead to CC in cancer cells. Understanding the impact of MiMos on CC might open up avenues toward a credible therapeutic target against diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Priyanga
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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35
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Jaiswal S, Kasera H, Jain S, Khandelwal S, Singh P. Centrosome: A Microtubule Nucleating Cellular Machinery. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Cullen CL, O'Rourke M, Beasley SJ, Auderset L, Zhen Y, Pepper RE, Gasperini R, Young KM. Kif3a deletion prevents primary cilia assembly on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, reduces oligodendrogenesis and impairs fine motor function. Glia 2020; 69:1184-1203. [PMID: 33368703 PMCID: PMC7986221 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are small microtubule‐based organelles capable of transducing signals from growth factor receptors embedded in the cilia membrane. Developmentally, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) express genes associated with primary cilia assembly, disassembly, and signaling, however, the importance of primary cilia for adult myelination has not been explored. We show that OPCs are ciliated in vitro and in vivo, and that they disassemble their primary cilia as they progress through the cell cycle. OPC primary cilia are also disassembled as OPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes. When kinesin family member 3a (Kif3a), a gene critical for primary cilium assembly, was conditionally deleted from adult OPCs in vivo (Pdgfrα‐CreER™:: Kif3afl/fl transgenic mice), OPCs failed to assemble primary cilia. Kif3a‐deletion was also associated with reduced OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis in the corpus callosum and motor cortex and a progressive impairment of fine motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Megan O'Rourke
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Shannon J Beasley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Renee E Pepper
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Robert Gasperini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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37
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Avidor-Reiss T, Carr A, Fishman EL. The sperm centrioles. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110987. [PMID: 32810575 PMCID: PMC7606549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are eukaryotic subcellular structures that produce and regulate massive cytoskeleton superstructures. They form centrosomes and cilia, regulate new centriole formation, anchor cilia to the cell, and regulate cilia function. These basic centriolar functions are executed in sperm cells during their amplification from spermatogonial stem cells during their differentiation to spermatozoa, and finally, after fertilization, when the sperm fuses with the egg. However, sperm centrioles exhibit many unique characteristics not commonly observed in other cell types, including structural remodeling, centriole-flagellum transition zone migration, and cell membrane association during meiosis. Here, we discuss five roles of sperm centrioles: orchestrating early spermatogenic cell divisions, forming the spermatozoon flagella, linking the spermatozoon head and tail, controlling sperm tail beating, and organizing the cytoskeleton of the zygote post-fertilization. We present the historic discovery of the centriole as a sperm factor that initiates embryogenesis, and recent genetic studies in humans and other mammals evaluating the current evidence for the five functions of sperm centrioles. We also examine information connecting the various sperm centriole functions to distinct clinical phenotypes. The emerging picture is that centrioles are essential sperm components with remarkable functional diversity and specialization that will require extensive and in-depth future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Alexa Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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38
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Nguyen QPH, Liu Z, Albulescu A, Ouyang H, Zlock L, Coyaud E, Laurent E, Finkbeiner W, Moraes TJ, Raught B, Mennella V. Comparative Super-Resolution Mapping of Basal Feet Reveals a Modular but Distinct Architecture in Primary and Motile Cilia. Dev Cell 2020; 55:209-223.e7. [PMID: 33038334 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In situ molecular architecture analysis of organelles and protein assemblies is essential to understanding the role of individual components and their cellular function, and to engineering new molecular functionalities. Through a super-resolution-driven approach, here we characterize the organization of the ciliary basal foot, an appendage of basal bodies whose main role is to provide a point of anchoring to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Quantitative image analysis shows that the basal foot is organized into three main regions linked by elongated coiled-coil proteins, revealing a conserved modular architecture in primary and motile cilia, but showing distinct features reflecting its specialized functions. Using domain-specific BioID proximity labeling and super-resolution imaging, we identify CEP112 as a basal foot protein and other candidate components of this assembly, aiding future investigations on the role of basal foot across different cilia systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh P H Nguyen
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Albulescu
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Lorna Zlock
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L8, Canada
| | - Estelle Laurent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L8, Canada
| | - Walter Finkbeiner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L8, Canada
| | - Vito Mennella
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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39
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Klena N, Le Guennec M, Tassin AM, van den Hoek H, Erdmann PS, Schaffer M, Geimer S, Aeschlimann G, Kovacik L, Sadian Y, Goldie KN, Stahlberg H, Engel BD, Hamel V, Guichard P. Architecture of the centriole cartwheel-containing region revealed by cryo-electron tomography. EMBO J 2020; 39:e106246. [PMID: 32954513 PMCID: PMC7667884 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved barrels of microtubule triplets that form the core of the centrosome and the base of the cilium. While the crucial role of the proximal region in centriole biogenesis has been well documented, its native architecture and evolutionary conservation remain relatively unexplored. Here, using cryo-electron tomography of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, we report on the architectural diversity of the centriole's proximal cartwheel-bearing region. Our work reveals that the cartwheel central hub is constructed from a stack of paired rings with cartwheel inner densities inside. In both Paramecium and Chlamydomonas, the repeating structural unit of the cartwheel has a periodicity of 25 nm and consists of three ring pairs, with 6 radial spokes emanating and merging into a single bundle that connects to the microtubule triplet via the D2-rod and the pinhead. Finally, we identified that the cartwheel is indirectly connected to the A-C linker through the triplet base structure extending from the pinhead. Together, our work provides unprecedented evolutionary insights into the architecture of the centriole proximal region, which underlies centriole biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Klena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maeva Le Guennec
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hugo van den Hoek
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yashar Sadian
- Bioimaging and Cryogenic Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth N Goldie
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
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40
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Centrosome as a micro-electronic generator in live cell. Biosystems 2020; 197:104210. [PMID: 32763375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome, composed of two centrioles arranged in an orthogonal configuration, is an indispensable cellular organelle for mitosis. 130 years after its discovery, the structural-functional relationship of centrosome is still obscure. Encouraged by the telltale signs of the "Mouse and Magnet experiment", Paul Schafer pioneered in the research on electromagnetism of centriole with electron microscopy(EM) in the late 1960s. Followed by the decades-long slow progression of the field with sporadic reports indicating the electromagnetisms of mitosis. Piecing together the evidences, we generated a mechanistic model for centrosome function during mitosis, in which centrosome functions as an electronic generator. In particular, the spinal rotations of centrioles transform the cellular chemical energy into cellular electromagnetic energy. The model is strongly supported by multiple experimental evidences. It offers an elegant explanation for the self-organized orthogonal configuration of the two centrioles in a centrosome, that is through the dynamic electromagnetic interactions of both centrioles of the centrosome.
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41
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Arslanhan MD, Gulensoy D, Firat-Karalar EN. A Proximity Mapping Journey into the Biology of the Mammalian Centrosome/Cilium Complex. Cells 2020; 9:E1390. [PMID: 32503249 PMCID: PMC7348975 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian centrosome/cilium complex is composed of the centrosome, the primary cilium and the centriolar satellites, which together regulate cell polarity, signaling, proliferation and motility in cells and thereby development and homeostasis in organisms. Accordingly, deregulation of its structure and functions is implicated in various human diseases including cancer, developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. To better understand these disease connections, the molecular underpinnings of the assembly, maintenance and dynamic adaptations of the centrosome/cilium complex need to be uncovered with exquisite detail. Application of proximity-based labeling methods to the centrosome/cilium complex generated spatial and temporal interaction maps for its components and provided key insights into these questions. In this review, we first describe the structure and cell cycle-linked regulation of the centrosome/cilium complex. Next, we explain the inherent biochemical and temporal limitations in probing the structure and function of the centrosome/cilium complex and describe how proximity-based labeling approaches have addressed them. Finally, we explore current insights into the knowledge we gained from the proximity mapping studies as it pertains to centrosome and cilium biogenesis and systematic characterization of the centrosome, cilium and centriolar satellite interactomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.D.A.); (D.G.)
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42
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Phosphorylation of keratin 18 serine 52 regulates mother-daughter centriole engagement and microtubule nucleation by cell cycle-dependent accumulation at the centriole. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:307-321. [PMID: 32078038 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine-52 (Ser52) is the major physiologic site of keratin 18 (K18) phosphorylation. Here, we report that serine-52 phosphorylated K18 (phospho-Ser52 K18) accumulated on centrosomes in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that phospho-Ser52 K18 was located at the proximal end of the mother centriole. Transfection with the K18 Ser52 → Ala (K18 S52A) mutant prevented centriole localization of phospho-Ser52 K18 and resulted in separation of the mother-daughter centrioles. Inhibition of microtubule polymerization led to the disappearance of aggregated phospho-Ser52 K18 on the centrosome; removal of inhibitors resulted in reaccumulation of phospho-Ser52 K18 in microtubule-organizing centers. Transfection with a K18 S52A mutant inhibited microtubule nucleation. These results reveal a cell cycle-dependent change in centrosome localization of phospho-Ser52 k18 and strongly suggest that the phosphorylation status of Ser52 K18 of mother centrioles plays a critical role in maintaining a tight engagement between mother and daughter centrioles and also contributes to microtubule nucleation.
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43
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Hornak I, Rieger H. Stochastic Model of T Cell Repolarization during Target Elimination I. Biophys J 2020; 118:1733-1748. [PMID: 32130873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T) and natural killer cells are the main cytotoxic killer cells of the human body to eliminate pathogen-infected or tumorigenic cells (i.e., target cells). Once a natural killer or T cell has identified a target cell, they form a tight contact zone, the immunological synapse (IS). One then observes a repolarization of the cell involving the rotation of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton and a movement of the MT organizing center (MTOC) to a position that is just underneath the plasma membrane at the center of the IS. Concomitantly, a massive relocation of organelles attached to MTs is observed, including the Golgi apparatus, lytic granules, and mitochondria. Because the mechanism of this relocation is still elusive, we devise a theoretical model for the molecular-motor-driven motion of the MT cytoskeleton confined between plasma membrane and nucleus during T cell polarization. We analyze different scenarios currently discussed in the literature, the cortical sliding and capture-shrinkage mechanisms, and compare quantitative predictions about the spatiotemporal evolution of MTOC position and MT cytoskeleton morphology with experimental observations. The model predicts the experimentally observed biphasic nature of the repositioning due to an interplay between MT cytoskeleton geometry and motor forces and confirms the dominance of the capture-shrinkage over the cortical sliding mechanism when the MTOC and IS are initially diametrically opposed. We also find that the two mechanisms act synergistically, thereby reducing the resources necessary for repositioning. Moreover, it turns out that the localization of dyneins in the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster facilitates their interaction with the MTs. Our model also opens a way to infer details of the dynein distribution from the experimentally observed features of the MT cytoskeleton dynamics. In a subsequent publication, we will address the issue of general initial configurations and situations in which the T cell established two ISs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hornak
- Center for Biophysics (ZBP) and Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Center for Biophysics (ZBP) and Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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44
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Actin-based regulation of ciliogenesis - The long and the short of it. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 102:132-138. [PMID: 31862221 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilia is found on the mammalian cell surface where it serves as an antenna for the reception and transmission of a variety of cellular signaling pathways. At its core the cilium is a microtubule-based organelle, but it is clear that its assembly and function are dependent upon the coordinated regulation of both actin and microtubule dynamics. In particular, the discovery that the centrosome is able to act as both a microtubule and actin organizing centre implies that both cytoskeletal networks are acting directly on the process of cilia assembly. In this review, we set our recent results with the formin FHDC1 in the context of current reports that show each stage of ciliogenesis is impacted by changes in actin dynamics. These include direct effects of actin filament assembly on basal body positioning, vesicle trafficking to and entry into the cilium, cilia length, cilia membrane organization and cilia-dependent signaling.
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45
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SAHABANDU N, KONG D, MAGIDSON V, NANJUNDAPPA R, SULLENBERGER C, MAHJOUB M, LONCAREK J. Expansion microscopy for the analysis of centrioles and cilia. J Microsc 2019; 276:145-159. [PMID: 31691972 PMCID: PMC6972531 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are vital cellular structures that organise centrosomes and cilia. Due to their subresolutional size, centriole ultrastructural features have been traditionally analysed by electron microscopy. Here we present an adaptation of magnified analysis of the proteome expansion microscopy method, to be used for a robust analysis of centriole number, duplication status, length, structural abnormalities and ciliation by conventional optical microscopes. The method allows the analysis of centriole's structural features from large populations of adherent and nonadherent cells and multiciliated cultures. We validate the method using EM and superresolution microscopy and show that it can be used as an affordable and reliable alternative to electron microscopy in the analysis of centrioles and cilia in various cell cultures. LAY DESCRIPTION: Centrioles are microtubule-based structures organised as ninefold symmetrical cylinders which are, in human cells, ∼500 nm long and ∼230 nm wide. Centrioles assemble dozens of proteins around them forming centrosomes, which nucleate microtubules and organise spindle poles in mitosis. Centrioles, in addition, assemble cilia and flagella, two critically important organelles for signalling and motility. Due to centriole small size, electron microscopy has been a major imaging technique for the analysis of their ultrastructural features. However, being technically demanding, electron microscopy it is not easily available to the researchers and it is rarely used to collect large datasets. Expansion microscopy is an emerging approach in which biological specimens are embedded in a swellable polymer and isotopically expanded several fold. Physical separation of cellular structures allows the analysis of, otherwise unresolvable, structures by conventional optical microscopes. We present an adaptation of expansion microscopy approach, specifically developed for a robust analysis of centrioles and cilia. Our protocol can be used for the analysis of centriole number, duplication status, length, localisation of various centrosomal components and ciliation from large populations of cultured adherent and nonadherent cells and multiciliated cultures. We validate the method against electron microscopy and superresolution microscopy and demonstrate that it can be used as an accessible and reliable alternative to electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. SAHABANDU
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - D. KONG
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - V. MAGIDSON
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis LaboratoryFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - R. NANJUNDAPPA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisMissouriU.S.A.
| | - C. SULLENBERGER
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - M.R. MAHJOUB
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisMissouriU.S.A.
| | - J. LONCAREK
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
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46
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Centrosomal and ciliary targeting of CCDC66 requires cooperative action of centriolar satellites, microtubules and molecular motors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14250. [PMID: 31582766 PMCID: PMC6776500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian centrosomes and cilia play key roles in many cellular processes and their deregulation is linked to cancer and ciliopathies. Spatiotemporal regulation of their biogenesis and function in response to physiological stimuli requires timely protein targeting. This can occur by different pathways, including microtubule-dependent active transport and via centriolar satellites, which are key regulators of cilia assembly and signaling. How satellites mediate their functions and their relationship with other targeting pathways is currently unclear. To address this, we studied retinal degeneration gene product CCDC66, which localizes to centrosomes, cilia, satellites and microtubules and functions in ciliogenesis. FRAP experiments showed that its centrosomal pool was dynamic and the ciliary pool associated with the ciliary axoneme and was stable. Centrosomal CCDC66 abundance and dynamics required microtubule-dependent active transport and tethering, and was inhibited by sequestration at satellites. Systematic quantitation of satellite dynamics identified only a small fraction to display microtubule-based bimodal motility, consistent with trafficking function. Majority displayed diffusive motility with unimodal persistence, supporting sequestration function. Together, our findings reveal new mechanisms of communication between membrane-less compartments.
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47
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Avidor-Reiss T, Mazur M, Fishman EL, Sindhwani P. The Role of Sperm Centrioles in Human Reproduction - The Known and the Unknown. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:188. [PMID: 31632960 PMCID: PMC6781795 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Each human spermatozoon contains two remodeled centrioles that it contributes to the zygote. There, the centrioles reconstitute a centrosome that assembles the sperm aster and participate in pronuclei migration and cleavage. Thus, centriole abnormalities may be a cause of male factor infertility and failure to carry pregnancy to term. However, the precise mechanisms by which sperm centrioles contribute to embryonic development in humans are still unclear, making the search for a link between centriole abnormalities and impaired male fecundity particularly difficult. Most previous investigations into the role of mammalian centrioles during fertilization have been completed in murine models; however, because mouse sperm and zygotes appear to lack centrioles, these studies provide information that is limited in its applicability to humans. Here, we review studies that examine the role of the sperm centrioles in the early embryo, with particular emphasis on humans. Available literature includes case studies and case-control studies, with a few retrospective studies and no prospective studies reported. This literature has provided some insight into the morphological characteristics of sperm centrioles in the zygote and has allowed identification of some centriole abnormalities in rare cases. Many of these studies suggest centriole involvement in early embryogenesis based on phenotypes of the embryo with only indirect evidence for centriole abnormality. Overall, these studies suggest that centriole abnormalities are present in some cases of sperm with asthenoteratozoospermia and unexplained infertility. Yet, most previously published studies have been restricted by the laborious techniques (like electron microscopy) and the limited availability of centriolar markers, resulting in small-scale studies and the lack of solid causational evidence. With recent progress in sperm centriole biology, such as the identification of the unique composition of sperm centrioles and the discovery of the atypical centriole, it is now possible to begin to fill the gaps in sperm centriole epidemiology and to identify the etiology of sperm centriole dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Matthew Mazur
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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48
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Joukov V, De Nicolo A. The Centrosome and the Primary Cilium: The Yin and Yang of a Hybrid Organelle. Cells 2019; 8:E701. [PMID: 31295970 PMCID: PMC6678760 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes and primary cilia are usually considered as distinct organelles, although both are assembled with the same evolutionary conserved, microtubule-based templates, the centrioles. Centrosomes serve as major microtubule- and actin cytoskeleton-organizing centers and are involved in a variety of intracellular processes, whereas primary cilia receive and transduce environmental signals to elicit cellular and organismal responses. Understanding the functional relationship between centrosomes and primary cilia is important because defects in both structures have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Here, we discuss evidence that the animal centrosome evolved, with the transition to complex multicellularity, as a hybrid organelle comprised of the two distinct, but intertwined, structural-functional modules: the centriole/primary cilium module and the pericentriolar material/centrosome module. The evolution of the former module may have been caused by the expanding cellular diversification and intercommunication, whereas that of the latter module may have been driven by the increasing complexity of mitosis and the requirement for maintaining cell polarity, individuation, and adhesion. Through its unique ability to serve both as a plasma membrane-associated primary cilium organizer and a juxtanuclear microtubule-organizing center, the animal centrosome has become an ideal integrator of extracellular and intracellular signals with the cytoskeleton and a switch between the non-cell autonomous and the cell-autonomous signaling modes. In light of this hypothesis, we discuss centrosome dynamics during cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and propose a model of centrosome-driven microtubule assembly in mitotic and interphase cells. In addition, we outline the evolutionary benefits of the animal centrosome and highlight the hierarchy and modularity of the centrosome biogenesis networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Joukov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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49
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Lu YC, Wang P, Wu QG, Zhang RK, Kong A, Li YF, Lee SC. Hsp74/14-3-3σ Complex Mediates Centrosome Amplification by High Glucose, Insulin, and Palmitic Acid. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800197. [PMID: 30688006 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported recently that type 2 diabetes promotes centrosome amplification via 14-3-3σ/ROCK1 complex. In the present study, 14-3-3σ interacting proteins are characterized and their roles in the centrosome amplification by high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid are investigated. Co-immunoprecipitation in combination with MS analysis identified 134 proteins that interact with 14-3-3σ, which include heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (Hsp74). Gene ontology analyses reveal that many of them are enriched in binding activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis shows that the top three enriched pathways are ribosome, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Molecular and functional investigations show that the high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid increase the expression and binding of 14-3-3σ and Hsp74 as well as centrosome amplification, all of which are inhibited by knockdown of 14-3-3σ or Hsp74. Moreover, molecular docking analysis shows that the interaction between the 14-3-3σ and the Hsp74 is mainly through hydrophobic contacts and a lesser degree ionic interactions and hydrogen bond by different amino acids residues. In conclusion, the results suggest that the experimental treatment triggers centrosome amplification via upregulations of expression and binding of 14-3-3σ and Hsp74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.,Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Alice Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fei Li
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221010, P. R. China
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50
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Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a feature of multiple tumour types and has been postulated to contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour progression. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which an increase in centrosome number might lead to an increase or decrease in tumour progression and the role of proteins that regulate centrosome number in driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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