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Dos Santos Pereira M, Dias de Abreu GH, Vanderlei LCA, Raisman-Vozari R, Guimarães FS, Lu HC, Michel PP, Del Bel E. 4'-fluorocannabidiol associated with capsazepine restrains L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice: Contribution of anti-inflammatory and anti-glutamatergic mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2024; 251:109926. [PMID: 38554815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We tested the efficacy of 4'-fluorocannabidiol (4'-F-CBD), a semisynthetic cannabidiol derivative, and HU-910, a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist in resolving l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Specifically, we were interested in studying whether these compounds could restrain striatal inflammatory responses and rescue glutamatergic disturbances characteristic of the dyskinetic state. C57BL/6 mice were rendered hemiparkinsonian by unilateral striatal lesioning with 6-OHDA. Abnormal involuntary movements were then induced by repeated i.p. injections of l-DOPA + benserazide. After LID was installed, the effects of a 3-day treatment with 4'-F-CBD or HU-910 in combination or not with the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) or CB2 agonists HU-308 and JWH015 were assessed. Immunostaining was conducted to investigate the impacts of 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 (with CPZ) on inflammation and glutamatergic synapses. Our results showed that the combination of 4'-F-CBD + CPZ, but not when administered alone, decreased LID. Neither HU-910 alone nor HU-910+CPZ were effective. The CB2 agonists HU-308 and JWH015 were also ineffective in decreasing LID. Both combination treatments efficiently reduced microglial and astrocyte activation in the dorsal striatum of dyskinetic mice. However, only 4'-F-CBD + CPZ normalized the density of glutamate vesicular transporter-1 (vGluT1) puncta colocalized with the postsynaptic density marker PSD95. These findings suggest that 4'-F-CBD + CPZ normalizes dysregulated cortico-striatal glutamatergic inputs, which could be involved in their anti-dyskinetic effects. Although it is not possible to rule out the involvement of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, the decrease in striatal neuroinflammation markers by 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 without an associated reduction in LID indicates that they are insufficient per se to prevent LID manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel Henrique Dias de Abreu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Gill Center for Bimolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States.
| | | | | | | | - Hui-Chen Lu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Gill Center for Bimolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States.
| | | | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Cardinale A, de Iure A, Picconi B. Neuroinflammation and Dyskinesia: A Possible Causative Relationship? Brain Sci 2024; 14:514. [PMID: 38790492 PMCID: PMC11118841 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment represents the gold standard therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. L-DOPA therapy shows many side effects, among them, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) remain the most problematic. Several are the mechanisms underlying these processes: abnormal corticostriatal neurotransmission, pre- and post-synaptic neuronal events, changes in gene expression, and altered plasticity. In recent years, researchers have also suggested non-neuronal mechanisms as a possible cause for LIDs. We reviewed recent clinical and pre-clinical studies on neuroinflammation contribution to LIDs. Microglia and astrocytes seem to play a strategic role in LIDs phenomenon. In particular, their inflammatory response affects neuron-glia communication, synaptic activity and neuroplasticity, contributing to LIDs development. Finally, we describe possible new therapeutic interventions for dyskinesia prevention targeting glia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cardinale
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Nascimento GC, Santos BM, Pedrazzi JF, Silva-Amaral D, Bortolanza M, Harris GT, Del Bel E, Branco LG. Effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100623. [PMID: 37096172 PMCID: PMC10121822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia is a side effect of Parkinson's disease treatment and it is characterized by atypical involuntary movements. A link between neuroinflammation and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia has been documented. Hydrogen gas (H2) has neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease models and has a major anti-inflammatory effect. Our objective is to test the hypothesis that H2 inhalation reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. 15 days after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of dopaminergic neurons were made (microinjection into the medial forebrain bundle), chronic L-DOPA treatment (15 days) was performed. Rats were exposed to H2 (2% gas mixture, 1 h) or air (controls) before L-DOPA injection. Abnormal involuntary movements and locomotor activity were conducted. Striatal microglia and astrocyte was analyzed and striatal and plasma samples for cytokines evaluation were collected after the abnormal involuntary movements analysis. H2 inhalation attenuated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The gas therapy did not impair the improvement of locomotor activity achieved by L-DOPA treatment. H2 inhalation reduced activated microglia in the lesioned striatum, which is consistent with the observed reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Display of abnormal involuntary movements was positively correlated with plasma IL-1β and striatal TNF-α levels and negatively correlated with striatal IL-10 levels. Prophylactic H2 inhalation decreases abnormal involuntary movements in a preclinical L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia model. The H2 antidyskinetic effect was associated with decreased striatal and peripheral inflammation. This finding has a translational importance to L-DOPA-treated parkinsonian patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauce C. Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. Santos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Josephs' Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - João F. Pedrazzi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Silva-Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Grant T. Harris
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Josephs' Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Luiz G.S. Branco
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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Santos-Lobato BL, Brito MMCM, Pimentel ÂV, Cavalcanti RTO, Del-Bel E, Tumas V. Doxycycline to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:460-468. [PMID: 37257466 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common motor complication of levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Doxycycline is a widely used and inexpensive tetracycline with anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of doxycycline in patients with PD and LID. METHODS This was an open-label, uncontrolled, single-arm, single-center, phase 2 proof-of-concept study in patients with PD with functional impact of dyskinesia, which used levodopa three times daily, in a movement disorders clinic in Brazil. Participants were treated with doxycycline 200 mg/day for 12 weeks, with evaluations at baseline, week 4, and week 12 of treatment. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) total score at week 12, evaluated by two blinded raters. Key secondary outcomes measures were OFF time and ON time with troublesome dyskinesia in the PD home diary. RESULTS Eight patients with PD were treated and evaluated. Doxycycline 200 mg/day reduced the UDysRS total score at week 12, compared with baseline (Friedman χ2 = 9.6; p = 0.008). Further, doxycycline reduced the ON time with troublesome dyskinesia (Friedman χ2 = 10.8; p = 0.004) without worsening parkinsonism. There were no severe adverse events, and dyspepsia was the commonest event. CONCLUSION In this preliminary, open-label and uncontrolled trial, doxycycline was effective in reducing LID and safe after a 12-week treatment. Further well-designed placebo-controlled clinical trials with a longer duration and a larger number of participants are needed. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, identifier: RBR-1047fwbf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Belém PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Vieira Pimentel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Torres Oliveira Cavalcanti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
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dos Santos Pereira M, do Nascimento GC, Bortolanza M, Michel PP, Raisman-Vozari R, Del Bel E. Doxycycline attenuates l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia through an anti-inflammatory effect in a hemiparkinsonian mouse model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1045465. [PMID: 36506543 PMCID: PMC9728610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1045465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological manipulation of neuroinflammation appears to be a promising strategy to alleviate l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Doxycycline (Doxy), a semisynthetic brain-penetrant tetracycline antibiotic having interesting anti-inflammatory properties, we addressed the possibility that this compound could resolve LID in l-DOPA-treated C57BL/6 mice presenting either moderate or intermediate lesions of the mesostriatal dopaminergic pathway generated by intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA. Doxy, when given subcutaneously before l-DOPA at doses of 20 mg kg-1 and 40 mg kg-1, led to significant LID reduction in mice with moderate and intermediate dopaminergic lesions, respectively. Importantly, Doxy did not reduce locomotor activity improved by l-DOPA. To address the molecular mechanism of Doxy, we sacrificed mice with mild lesions 1) to perform the immunodetection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Fos-B and 2) to evaluate a panel of inflammation markers in the striatum, such as cyclooxygenase-2 and its downstream product Prostaglandin E2 along with the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. TH-immunodetection revealed that vehicle and Doxy-treated mice had similar striatal lesions, excluding that LID improvement by Doxy could result from neurorestorative effects. Importantly, LID inhibition by Doxy was associated with decreased Fos-B and COX-2 expression and reduced levels of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the dorsolateral striatum of dyskinetic mice. We conclude 1) that Doxy has the potential to prevent LID regardless of the intensity of dopaminergic lesioning and 2) that the anti-inflammatory effects of Doxy probably account for LID attenuation. Overall, the present results further indicate that Doxy might represent an attractive and alternative treatment for LID in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Elaine Del Bel, ; Rita Raisman-Vozari,
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,*Correspondence: Elaine Del Bel, ; Rita Raisman-Vozari,
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Tiwari PC, Chaudhary MJ, Pal R, Nath R. Effects of mangiferin and its combination with nNOS inhibitor 7‐nitro‐indazole (7‐NI) in 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesioned Parkinson's disease rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:944-955. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Chandra Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics King George's Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manju J. Chaudhary
- Department of Physiology Government Medical College Kannauj Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rishi Pal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics King George's Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rajendra Nath
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics King George's Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
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Intercellular Communication in the Central Nervous System as Deduced by Chemical Neuroanatomy and Quantitative Analysis of Images: Impact on Neuropharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105805. [PMID: 35628615 PMCID: PMC9145073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, new evidence on brain structure and function has been acquired by morphological investigations based on synergic interactions between biochemical anatomy approaches, new techniques in microscopy and brain imaging, and quantitative analysis of the obtained images. This effort produced an expanded view on brain architecture, illustrating the central nervous system as a huge network of cells and regions in which intercellular communication processes, involving not only neurons but also other cell populations, virtually determine all aspects of the integrative function performed by the system. The main features of these processes are described. They include the two basic modes of intercellular communication identified (i.e., wiring and volume transmission) and mechanisms modulating the intercellular signaling, such as cotransmission and allosteric receptor–receptor interactions. These features may also open new possibilities for the development of novel pharmacological approaches to address central nervous system diseases. This aspect, with a potential major impact on molecular medicine, will be also briefly discussed.
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Prevention of L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesias by MPEP Blockade of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Is Associated with Reduced Inflammation in the Brain of Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040691. [PMID: 35203338 PMCID: PMC8870609 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory markers were found in brains of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. After years of L-Dopa symptomatic treatment, most PD patients develop dyskinesias. The relationship between inflammation and L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) is still unclear. We previously reported that MPEP (a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist) reduced the development of LID in de novo MPTP-lesioned monkeys. We thus investigated if MPEP reduced the brain inflammatory response in these MPTP-lesioned monkeys and the relationship to LID. The panmacrophage/microglia marker Iba1, the phagocytosis-related receptor CD68, and the astroglial protein GFAP were measured by Western blots. The L-Dopa-treated dyskinetic MPTP monkeys had increased Iba1 content in the putamen, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus, which was prevented by MPEP cotreatment; similar findings were observed for CD68 contents in the putamen and globus pallidus. There was a strong positive correlation between dyskinesia scores and microglial markers in these regions. GFAP contents were elevated in MPTP + L-Dopa-treated monkeys among these brain regions and prevented by MPEP in the putamen and subthalamic nucleus. In conclusion, these results showed increased inflammatory markers in the basal ganglia associated with LID and revealed that MPEP inhibition of glutamate activity reduced LID and levels of inflammatory markers.
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Santos-Lobato BL, Gardinassi LG, Bortolanza M, Peti APF, Pimentel ÂV, Faccioli LH, Del-Bel EA, Tumas V. Metabolic Profile in Plasma AND CSF of LEVODOPA-induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1140-1150. [PMID: 34855116 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The existence of few biomarkers and the lack of a better understanding of the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) require new approaches, as the metabolomic analysis, for discoveries. We aimed to identify a metabolic profile associated with LID in patients with PD in an original cohort and to confirm the results in an external cohort (BioFIND). In the original cohort, plasma and CSF were collected from 20 healthy controls, 23 patients with PD without LID, and 24 patients with PD with LID. LC-MS/MS and metabolomics data analysis were used to perform untargeted metabolomics. Untargeted metabolomics data from the BioFIND cohort were analyzed. We identified a metabolic profile associated with LID in PD, composed of multiple metabolic pathways. In particular, the dysregulation of the glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway was more related to LID and was strongly associated with the severity of dyskinetic movements. Furthermore, bile acid biosynthesis metabolites simultaneously found in plasma and CSF have distinguished patients with LID from other participants. Data from the BioFIND cohort confirmed dysregulation in plasma metabolites from the bile acid biosynthesis pathway. There is a distinct metabolic profile associated with LID in PD, both in plasma and CSF, which may be associated with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Santos-Lobato
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferranti Peti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela V Pimentel
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del-Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
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Zheng C, Zhang F. New insights into pathogenesis of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:104-113. [PMID: 34331976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and self-propelling neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by motor symptoms, such as rigidity, tremor, slowness of movement and problems with gait. These symptoms become worse over time. To date, Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with 3, 4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is still the most effective pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms of PD. Unfortunately, motor fluctuations consisting of wearing-off effect actions and dyskinesia tend to occur in a few years of starting l-DOPA. Currently, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is troublesome and the pathogenesis of LID requires further investigation. Importantly, a new intervention for LID is imminent. Thus, this review mainly summarized the clinical features, risk factors and pathogenesis of LID to provide updatefor the development of therapeutic targets and new approaches for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Cannabidiol has therapeutic potential for myofascial pain in female and male parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108700. [PMID: 34246682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal orofacial pain is a complex symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) resulting in stomatognathic system dysfunctions aggravated by the disease rigidity and postural instability. We tested the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, in PD-related myofascial pain. Wistar adult female and male rats orofacial allodynic and hyperalgesic responses were tested by Von Frey and formalin tests, before and 21 days past 6-OHDA lesion. Algesic response was tested after masseter muscle injection of CBD (10, 50, 100 μg in 10 μL) or vehicle. Males compared to females in all estrous cycles' phases presented reduced orofacial allodynia and hyperalgesia. According to the estrous cycle's phases, females presented distinct orofacial nociceptive responses, being the estrus phase well-chosen for nociceptive analysis after 6-OHDA lesion (phase with fewer hormone alterations and adequate length). Dopaminergic neuron lesion decreased mechanical and inflammatory nociceptive thresholds in females and males in a higher proportion in females. CBD local treatment reduced the increased orofacial allodynia and hyperalgesia, in males and females. The female rats were more sensitive to CBD effect considering allodynia, responding to the lowest dose. Although females and males respond to the effect of three doses of CBD in the formalin test, males showed a superior reduction in the hyperalgesic response. These results indicate that hemiparkinsonian female in the estrus phase and male answer differently to the different doses of CBD therapy and nociceptive tests. CBD therapy is effective for parkinsonism-induced orofacial nociception.
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Zheng CQ, Fan HX, Li XX, Li JJ, Sheng S, Zhang F. Resveratrol Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683577. [PMID: 34248967 PMCID: PMC8267475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyskinesia is a serious complication of Parkinson’s disease during levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment. The pathophysiology of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is complex and not fully illuminated. At present, treatment of dyskinesia is quite limited. Recent studies demonstrated neuroinflammation plays an important role in development of LID. Thus, inhibition of neuroinflammation might open a new avenue for LID treatment. Resveratrol (RES) is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid and verified to possess a large variety of biological activities. DA neurotoxicity was assessed via behavior test and DA neuronal quantification. The movement disorders of dyskinesia were detected by the abnormal involuntary movements scores analysis. Effects of RES on glial cells-elicited neuroinflammation were also explored. Data showed that RES attenuated dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA without affecting L-DOPA’s anti-parkinsonian effects. Furthermore, RES generated neuroprotection against long term treatment of L-DOPA-induced DA neuronal damage. Meanwhile, RES reduced protein expression of dyskinesia molecular markers, ΔFOS B and ERK, in the striatum. Also, there was a strong negative correlation between DA system damage and ΔFOS B level in the striatum. In addition, RES inhibited microglia and astroglia activation in substantia nigra and subsequent inflammatory responses in the striatum during L-DOPA treatment. RES alleviates dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA and these beneficial effects are closely associated with protection against DA neuronal damage and inhibition of glial cells-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuo Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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13
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Liu Z, Yan A, Zhao J, Yang S, Song L, Liu Z. The p75 neurotrophin receptor as a novel intermediate in L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in experimental Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113740. [PMID: 33971218 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), long-term administration of L-dopa often leads to L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a debilitating motor complication. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is likely to play a critical role in the regulation of dendritic spine density and morphology and appears to be associated with neuroinflammation, which previously has been identified as a crucial mechanism in LID. While aberrant modifications of p75NTR in neurological diseases have been extensively documented, only a few studies report p75NTR dysfunction in PD, and no data are available in LID. Here, we explored the functional role of p75NTR in LID. In LID rats, we identified that p75NTR was significantly increased in the lesioned striatum. In 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-hemilesioned rats, specific knockdown of striatal p75NTR levels achieved by viral vector injection into the striatum prevented the development of LID and increased striatal structural plasticity. By contrast, we found that in 6-OHDA-hemilesioned rats, striatal p75NTR overexpression exacerbated LID and facilitated striatal dendritic spine losses. Moreover, we observed that the immunomodulatory drug fingolimod attenuated LID without lessening the therapeutic efficacy of L-dopa and normalized p75NTR levels. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that p75NTR plays a pivotal role in the development of LID and that p75NTR may act as a potential novel target for the management of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Aijuan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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14
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Bortolanza M, do Nascimento GC, Raisman-Vozari R, Del-Bel E. Doxycycline and its derivative, COL-3, decrease dyskinesia induced by l-DOPA in hemiparkinsonian rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2595-2616. [PMID: 33751546 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is a debilitating effect of treating Parkinson's disease with this drug. New therapeutic approaches that prevent or attenuate this side effect are needed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar adult male rats submitted to 6-hydroxydopamine-induced unilateral medial forebrain bundle lesion were treated with l-DOPA (p.o. 20 mg·kg-1 or s.c. 10 mg·kg-1 ) once a day for 14 days. After this period, we tested if doxycycline (40 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) and COL-3 (50 and 100 nmol, i.c.v.) could reverse l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In an additional experiment, doxycycline was administered together with l-DOPA to verify if it would prevent l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia development. KEY RESULTS A single injection of doxycycline or COL-3 attenuated l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Co-treatment with doxycycline from the first day of l-DOPA suppressed the onset of dyskinesia. The improved motor response after l-DOPA was not affected by doxycycline or COL-3. Doxycycline treatment was associated with decreased immunoreactivity of FosB, COX-2, the astroglial protein GFAP and the microglial protein OX-42, which were elevated in the basal ganglia of rats exhibiting dyskinesia. Doxycycline decreased metalloproteinase-2/-9 activity, metalloproteinase-3 expression and ROS production. Metalloproteinase-2/-9 activity and production of ROS in the basal ganglia of dyskinetic rats showed a significant correlation with the intensity of dyskinesia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The present study demonstrates the anti-dyskinetic potential of doxycycline and its analogue compound COL-3 in hemiparkinsonian rats. Given the long-established and safe clinical use of doxycycline, this study suggests that these drugs might be tested to reduce or prevent l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Bortolanza
- Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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15
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Ferrari DP, Bortolanza M, Del Bel EA. Interferon-γ Involvement in the Neuroinflammation Associated with Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:705-719. [PMID: 33687725 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a proinflammatory cytokine that activates glial cells. IFN-γ is increased in the plasma and brain of Parkinson's disease patients, suggesting its potential role in the disease. We investigated whether the IFN-γ deficiency could interfere with nigrostriatal degeneration induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, and the neuroinflammatory features as astrogliosis, microgliosis, and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity induced by L-DOPA treatment. Wild type (WT) and IFN-γ knockout (IFN-γ/KO) mice received unilateral striatal microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine. Animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after lesions. Additional group of WT and IFN-γ/KO parkinsonian mice, after 3 weeks of neurotoxin injection, received L-DOPA (intraperitoneally, for 21 days) resulting in dyskinetic-like behavior. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining indicated the starting of dopaminergic lesion since the first day past toxin administration, progressively increased until the third day when it stabilized. There was no difference in the lesion and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia intensity between WT and IFN-γ/KO mice. Remarkably, IFN-γ/KO mice treated with L-DOPA presented in the lesioned striatum an increase of iNOS and glial fibrilary acid protein (GFAP) density, compared with the WT group. Morphological analysis revealed the rise of astrocytes and microglia reactivity in IFN-γ/KO mice exibiting dyskinesia. In conclusion, IFN-γ/KO mice presented an intensification of the inflammatory reaction accompanying L-DOPA treatment and suggest that iNOS and GFAP increase, and the activation of astrocytes and microglia induced afterward L-DOPA treatment was IFN-γ independent events. Intriguingly, IFN-γ absence did not affect the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons or LID development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, 14040-900, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - M Bortolanza
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - E A Del Bel
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, 14040-900, Brazil. .,Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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16
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Yan A, Song L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu Z. Systemic Inflammation Increases the Susceptibility to Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in 6-OHDA Lesioned Rats by Targeting the NR2B-Medicated PKC/MEK/ERK Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:625166. [PMID: 33597857 PMCID: PMC7882708 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.625166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The long-term administration of levodopa (L-dopa), the gold-standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), is irreparably associated with L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), which dramatically affects the quality of life of patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how LID exacerbates remain unknown. Neuroinflammation in the striatum plays an active role in LID. These findings prompt an investigation of non-neuronal mechanisms of LID. This study will examine the effects of systemic inflammation in the development and progression of LID. Methods: To evaluate the possible influence of systemic inflammation in the appearance of LID, the PD rats received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of various concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg) or saline. One day later, these PD rats started to receive daily treatment with L-dopa (6 mg/kg) along with benserazide (6 mg/kg) or saline for 21 days, and dyskinesia was evaluated at several time points. Moreover, the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the molecular changes in NR2B and mGLUR5 signaling pathways were measured. Results: We found that systemic inflammatory stimulation with LPS exacerbated the intensity of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) induced by L-dopa treatment in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats. The LPS injection activated the gliocytes and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the striatum in LID rats. The PD rats that received the LPS injection showed the overexpression of p-NR2B and NR2B, as well as activated PKC/MEK/ERK and NF-κB signal pathways in response to the L-dopa administration. On the contrary, clodronate-encapsulated liposomes (Clo-lipo), which could suppress the inflammatory response induced by peripheral LPS injection, improved behavioral dysfunction, inhibited neuroinflammation, prevented NR2B overexpression, and decreased the phosphorylation of PKC/MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Conclusion: This study suggests that systemic inflammation, by exacerbating preexisting neuroinflammation and facilitating NR2B subunit activity, may play a crucial role in the development of LID. The administration of Clo-lipo restores the effects of LPS and decreases the susceptibility to LID in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Dos Santos Pereira M, Abreu GHD, Rocca J, Hamadat S, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP, Del Bel E. Contributive Role of TNF-α to L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617085. [PMID: 33510643 PMCID: PMC7836015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our present objective was to better characterize the mechanisms that regulate striatal neuroinflammation in mice developing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). For that, we used 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mice rendered dyskinetic by repeated intraperitoneal injections of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) and quantified ensuing neuroinflammatory changes in the dopamine-denervated dorsal striatum. LID development was associated with a prominent astrocytic response, and a more moderate microglial cell reaction restricted to this striatal area. The glial response was associated with elevations in two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β. Treatment with the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol and the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1) channel antagonist capsazepine diminished LID intensity and decreased TNF-α levels without impacting other inflammation markers. To possibly reproduce the neuroinflammatory component of LID, we exposed astrocyte and microglial cells in culture to candidate molecules that might operate as inflammatory cues during LID development, i.e., L-DOPA, dopamine, or glutamate. Neither L-DOPA nor dopamine produced an inflammatory response in glial cell cultures. However, glutamate enhanced TNF-α secretion and GFAP expression in astrocyte cultures and promoted Iba-1 expression in microglial cultures. Of interest, the antidyskinetic treatment with cannabidiol + capsazepine reduced TNF-α release in glutamate-activated astrocytes. TNF-α, on its own, promoted the synaptic release of glutamate in cortical neuronal cultures, whereas cannabidiol + capsazepine prevented this effect. Therefore, we may assume that the release of TNF-α by glutamate-activated astrocytes may contribute to LID by exacerbating corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs excitability and maintaining astrocytes in an activated state through a self-reinforcing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil.,Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Henrique Dias Abreu
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Jeremy Rocca
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Sabah Hamadat
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
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18
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Patricio F, Morales-Andrade AA, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Target: Evidence of its Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Function in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:595635. [PMID: 33384602 PMCID: PMC7770114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit of both animals and humans. The BG are subcortical structures that regulate the initiation, execution, and orientation of movement. CBRs regulate dopaminergic transmission in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, the BG circuit also. The functioning of the BG is affected in pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which produces motor and non-motor symptoms that involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic neural networks. To date, the most effective medication for PD is levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term levodopa treatment causes a type of long-term dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering a novel treatment strategy for PD patients, research has focused on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), as it participates in the physiological neuromodulation of the BG in order to control movement. CBRs have been shown to inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play a key role in the synaptic regulation of the BG. In the past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has been shown to have compensatory effects both on the ECS and as a neuromodulator and neuroprotector in models such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and reserpine, as well as other PD models. Although the CBD-induced neuroprotection observed in animal models of PD has been attributed to the activation of the CB1 receptor, recent research conducted at a molecular level has proposed that CBD is capable of activating other receptors, such as CB2 and the TRPV-1 receptor, both of which are expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatal pathway. These findings open new lines of scientific inquiry into the effects of CBD at the level of neural communication. Cannabidiol activates the PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR18 receptors, causing a variety of biochemical, molecular, and behavioral effects due to the broad range of receptors it activates in the CNS. Given the low number of pharmacological treatment alternatives for PD currently available, the search for molecules with the therapeutic potential to improve neuronal communication is crucial. Therefore, the investigation of CBD and the mechanisms involved in its function is required in order to ascertain whether receptor activation could be a treatment alternative for both PD and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Patricio
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alan Axel Morales-Andrade
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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19
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López DE, Ballaz SJ. The Role of Brain Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) Beyond Neuroinflammation: Neuronal Homeostasis in Memory and Anxiety. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5167-5176. [PMID: 32860157 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases are a group of heme-containing isozymes (namely Cox-1 and Cox-2) that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to largely bioactive prostaglandins (PGs). Cox-1 is the ubiquitous housekeeping enzyme, and the mitogen-inducible Cox-2 is activated to cause inflammation. Interestingly, Cox-2 is constitutively expressed in the brain at the postsynaptic dendrites and excitatory terminals of the cortical and spinal cord neurons. Neuronal Cox-2 is activated in response to synaptic excitation to yield PGE2, the predominant Cox-2 metabolite in the brain, which in turn stimulates the release of glutamate and neuronal firing in a retrograde fashion. Cox-2 is also engaged in the metabolism of new endocannabinoids from 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol to modulate their actions at presynaptic terminals. In addition to these interactions, the induction of neuronal Cox-2 is coupled to the trans-synaptic activation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system and some serotoninergic receptors, which might contribute to the development of emotional behavior. Although much of the focus regarding the induction of Cox-2 in the brain has been centered on neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, some evidence also suggests that Cox-2 release during neuronal signaling may be pivotal for the fine tuning of cortical networks to regulate behavior. This review compiles the evidence supporting the homeostatic role of neuronal Cox-2 in synaptic transmission and plasticity, since neuroinflammation is originally triggered by the induction of glial Cox-2 expression. The goal is to provide perspective on the roles of Cox-2 beyond neuroinflammation, such as those played in memory and anxiety, and whose evidence is still scant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E López
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador.
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20
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Malar DS, Prasanth MI, Brimson JM, Sharika R, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C, Tencomnao T. Neuroprotective Properties of Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis) in Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3926. [PMID: 32867388 PMCID: PMC7504552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a collective term given for the clinical condition, which results in progressive degeneration of neurons and the loss of functions associated with the affected brain region. Apart from the increase in age, neurodegenerative diseases are also partly affected by diet and lifestyle practices. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slow onset neurodegenerative disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which affects the motor system. Although there is no prescribed treatment method to prevent and cure PD, clinical procedures help manage the disease symptoms. Green tea polyphenols are known for several health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activity. The current manuscript summarizes the possible mechanisms of neuroprotective potential of green tea with a special focus on PD. Studies have suggested that the consumption of green tea protects against free-radicals, inflammation, and neuro-damages. Several in vivo studies aid in understanding the overall mechanism of green tea. However, the same dose may not be sufficient in humans to elicit similar effects due to complex physiological, social, and cultural development. Future research focused on more clinical trials could identify an optimum dose that could impart maximum health benefits to impart neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Rajasekharan Sharika
- 309, Vrinda, 10th Cross, Railway Layout, Vijayanagar 2nd Stage, Mysuru, Karnataka 570016, India;
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
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Fonteles AA, Neves JCS, Menezes APF, Pereira JF, Silva ATA, Cunha RA, Andrade GM. ATP Signaling Controlling Dyskinesia Through P2X7 Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:111. [PMID: 32848592 PMCID: PMC7427508 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine replacement therapy with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the only temporary therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but it triggers dyskinesia over time. Since dyskinesia is associated with increased neuronal firing that bolsters purinergic signaling, we now tested whether the selective and blood-brain barrier-permeable P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue-G (BBG, 22.5-45 mg/kg ip) attenuated behavioral, neurochemical and biochemical alterations in rats turned hemiparkinsonian upon unilateral striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and treated daily with L-DOPA (30 mg/kg by gavage) for 22 days. The blockade of P2X7 receptors decreased L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and motor incoordination in hemiparkinsonian rats. In parallel, BBG treatment rebalanced the altered dopamine D1 and D2 receptor density and signaling as well as some neuroinflammation-associated parameters in the striatum and substantia nigra. These findings herald a hitherto unrecognized role for purinergic signaling in the etiopathology of dyskinesia and prompt P2X7 receptor antagonists as novel candidate anti-dyskinesia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analu A Fonteles
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Julliana C S Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Menezes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Thais A Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Geanne M Andrade
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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22
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Kuter KZ, Cenci MA, Carta AR. The role of glia in Parkinson's disease: Emerging concepts and therapeutic applications. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:131-168. [PMID: 32247363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally believed to primarily affect neurons, Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been recognized to also affect the functions and integrity of microglia and astroglia, two cell categories of fundamental importance to brain tissue homeostasis, defense, and repair. Both a loss of glial supportive-defensive functions and a toxic gain of glial functions are implicated in the neurodegenerative process. Moreover, the chronic treatment with L-DOPA may cause maladaptive glial plasticity favoring a development of therapy complications. This chapter focuses on the pathophysiology of PD from a glial point of view, presenting this rapidly growing field from the first discoveries made to the most recent developments. We report and compare histopathological and molecular findings from experimental models of PD and human studies. We moreover discuss the important role played by astrocytes in compensatory adaptations taking place during presymptomatic disease stages. We finally describe examples of potential therapeutic applications stemming from an increased understanding of the important roles of glia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Z Kuter
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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23
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Junior NCF, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Guimarães FS, Del Bel E. Cannabidiol and Cannabinoid Compounds as Potential Strategies for Treating Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:12-29. [PMID: 31637586 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) are motor disorders with significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatments that improve these disorders without causing severe side effects are not yet available. Delay in initiating L-DOPA is no longer recommended as LID development is a function of disease duration rather than cumulative L-DOPA exposure. Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could be a promising therapy to control PD and LID symptoms. In this way, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), the principal non-psychotomimetic constituent of the Cannabis sativa plant, have received considerable attention in the last decade. In this review, we present clinical and preclinical evidence suggesting CBD and other cannabinoids have therapeutic effects in PD and LID. Here, we discuss CBD pharmacology, as well as its neuroprotective effects and those of other cannabinoids. Finally, we discuss the modulation of several pro- or anti-inflammatory factors as possible mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic/neuroprotective potential of Cannabis-derived/cannabinoid synthetic compounds in motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson Carlos Ferreira Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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24
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Boi L, Pisanu A, Greig NH, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Mulas G, Fenu S, Carboni E, Spiga S, Carta AR. Immunomodulatory drugs alleviate l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1818-1830. [PMID: 31335998 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalidomide and closely related analogues are used clinically for their immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic properties mediated by the inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α. Neuroinflammation and angiogenesis contribute to classical neuronal mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, a motor complication associated with l-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. The efficacy of thalidomide and the more potent derivative 3,6'-dithiothalidomide on dyskinesia was tested in the 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson's disease model. METHODS Three weeks after 6-hydroxydopamine infusion, rats received 10 days of treatment with l-dopa plus benserazide (6 mg/kg each) and thalidomide (70 mg/kg) or 3,6'-dithiothalidomide (56 mg/kg), and dyskinesia and contralateral turning were recorded daily. Rats were euthanized 1 hour after the last l-dopa injection, and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, OX-42, vimentin, and vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity were measured in their striatum and substantia nigra reticulata to evaluate neuroinflammation and angiogenesis. Striatal levels of GLUR1 were measured as a l-dopa-induced postsynaptic change that is under tumor necrosis factor-α control. RESULTS Thalidomide and 3,6'-dithiothalidomide significantly attenuated the severity of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia while not affecting contralateral turning. Moreover, both compounds inhibited the l-dopa-induced microgliosis and excessive tumor necrosis factor-α in the striatum and substantia nigra reticulata, while restoring physiological levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. l-Dopa-induced angiogenesis was inhibited in both basal ganglia nuclei, and l-dopa-induced GLUR1 overexpression in the dorsolateral striatum was restored to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α levels may be useful to reduce the appearance of dyskinesia, and thalidomide, and more potent derivatives may provide an effective therapeutic approach to dyskinesia. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Augusta Pisanu
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sandro Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ezio Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Saturnino Spiga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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25
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Rentsch P, Stayte S, Morris GP, Vissel B. Time dependent degeneration of the nigrostriatal tract in mice with 6-OHDA lesioned medial forebrain bundle and the effect of activin A on L-Dopa induced dyskinesia. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:5. [PMID: 30760214 PMCID: PMC6374903 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately assessing promising therapeutic interventions for human diseases depends, in part, on the reproducibility of preclinical disease models. With the development of transgenic mice, the rapid adaptation of a 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson’s disease that was originally described for the use in rats has come with a lack of a comprehensive characterization of lesion progression. In this study we therefore first characterised the time course of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum over a 4 week period following 6-OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of mice. We then utilised the model to assess the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of recombinant activin A, a putative neuroprotectant and anti-inflammatory that is endogenously upregulated during the course of Parkinson’s disease. Results We found that degeneration of fibers in the striatum was fully established within 1 week following 6-OHDA administration, but that the loss of neurons continued to progress over time, becoming fully established 3 weeks after the 6-OHDA injection. In assessing the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of activin A using this model we found that treatment with activin A did not significantly reduce the severity, or delay the time-of-onset, of dyskinesia. Conclusion First, the current study concludes that a 3 week duration is required to establish a complete lesion of the nigrostriatal tract following 6-OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of mice. Second, we found that activin A was not anti-dyskinetic in this model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-019-0487-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Rentsch
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sandy Stayte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Gary P Morris
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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26
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Bariotto-Dos-Santos K, Padovan-Neto FE, Bortolanza M, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Raisman-Vozari R, Tumas V, Del Bel E. Repurposing an established drug: an emerging role for methylene blue in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:869-882. [PMID: 30022547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) system has been proven to be a valuable modulator of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinsonian rodents. NO activates the enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase and elicits the synthesis of the second-messenger cGMP. Although we have previously described the anti-dyskinetic potential of NO synthase inhibitors on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, the effect of soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitors remains to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the clinically available non-selective inhibitor methylene blue, or the selective soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one), could mitigate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Here, we demonstrated that methylene blue was able to reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia incidence when chronically co-administered with L-DOPA during 3 weeks. Methylene blue chronic (but not acute) administration (2 weeks) was effective in attenuating L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats rendered dyskinetic by a previous course of L-DOPA chronic treatment. Furthermore, discontinuous methylene blue treatment (e.g., co-administration of methylene blue and L-DOPA for 2 consecutive days followed by vehicle and L-DOPA co-administration for 5 days) was effective in attenuating dyskinesia. Finally, we demonstrated that microinjection of methylene blue or ODQ into the lateral ventricle effectively attenuated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Taken together, these results demonstrate an important role of NO-soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP signaling on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The clinical implications of this discovery are expected to advance the treatment options for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Bariotto-Dos-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Eduardo Padovan-Neto
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- INSERM, UPMC, Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpetrière - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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27
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Del-Bel E, De-Miguel FF. Extrasynaptic Neurotransmission Mediated by Exocytosis and Diffusive Release of Transmitter Substances. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:13. [PMID: 29937726 PMCID: PMC6003215 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article deals with the mechanisms of extrasynaptic release of transmitter substances, namely the release from the soma, axon and dendrites in the absence of postsynaptic counterparts. Extrasynaptic release occurs by exocytosis or diffusion. Spillover from the synaptic cleft also contributes to extrasynaptic neurotransmission. Here, we first describe two well-known examples of exocytosis from the neuronal soma, which may release copious amounts of transmitter for up to hundreds of seconds after electrical stimulation. The mechanisms for somatic exocytosis of the low molecular weight transmitter serotonin, and the peptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been studied in detail. Serotonin release from leech neurons and oxytocin and vasopressin from rodent neurons have a common multi-step mechanism, which is completely different from that for exocytosis from presynaptic endings. Most transmitters and peptides released extrasynaptically seem to follow this same mechanism. Extrasynaptic exocytosis may occur onto glial cells, which act as intermediaries for long-term and long-distance transmission. The second part of this review article focuses on the release upon synthesis of the representative diffusible molecules nitric oxide (NO) and endocannabinoids. Diffusible molecules are synthesized “on demand” from postsynaptic terminals in response to electrical activity and intracellular calcium elevations. Their effects include the retrograde modulation of presynaptic electrical activity and transmitter release. Extrasynaptic neurotransmission is well exemplified in the retina. Light-evoked extrasynaptic communication sets the gain for visual responses and integrates the activity of neurons, glia and blood vessels. Understanding how extrasynaptic communication changes the function of hard-wired circuits has become fundamental to understand the function of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, USP-Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco F De-Miguel
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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28
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Differential behavioral and glial responses induced by dopaminergic mechanisms in the iNOS knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 350:44-53. [PMID: 29751018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between distinctive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the dopamine system provides new avenues to the development of pharmacological tools for the pathophysiological conditions of the dopaminergic system. Our aim was to investigate the influences of dopamine-induced effects in inducible NOS knockout (iNOS KO) mice. In order to characterize iNOS KO mice phenotype, the animals were submitted to the basal analyses of motor, sensorimotor and sensorial abilities. Pharmacological challenging of the dopaminergic system included the investigation of amphetamine-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) disruption, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, reserpine-induced oral involuntary movements and hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine in reserpine treated mice. The iNOS KO mice showed significant reduction of spontaneous motor activity, but there was no significant difference in sensorimotor or sensorial responses of iNOS KO mice compared to wild type (WT). Regarding the dopaminergic system, iNOS KO mice showed a significant increase of haloperidol-induced catalepsy. This effect was confirmed through an iNOS pharmacological inhibitor (1400 W) in WT mice. In addition, iNOS KO reserpine treated mice showed reduced oral involuntary movements and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. Knowing that iNOS is mainly expressed in glial cells we analyzed the immunoreactivity (ir) for GFAP (astrocyte marker) and IBA-1 (microglial marker) in the striatum, an area enrolled in motor planning among other functions. iNOS KO presented reduced GFAP-ir and IBA-1-ir compared with WT. Reserpine treatment increased GFAP-ir in both WT and iNOS KO. However, these effects were slighter in iNOS KO. Activated state of microglia was increased by reserpine only in WT mice. Our results further demonstrated that the absence of iNOS interfered with dopamine-mediated behavioral and molecular responses. These results increase the understanding of the dopamine and NO system interaction, which is useful for the management of the dopamine-related pathologies.
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29
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Pisanu A, Boi L, Mulas G, Spiga S, Fenu S, Carta AR. Neuroinflammation in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: beyond the immune function. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018. [PMID: 29541852 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a main component of Parkinson's disease (PD) neuropathology, where unremitting reactive microglia and microglia-secreted soluble molecules such as cytokines, contribute to the neurodegenerative process as part of an aberrant immune reaction. Besides, pro-inflammatory cytokines, predominantly TNF-α, play an important neuromodulatory role in the healthy and diseased brain, being involved in neurotransmitter metabolism, synaptic scaling and brain plasticity. Recent preclinical studies have evidenced an exacerbated neuroinflammatory reaction in the striatum of parkinsonian rats that developed dyskinetic responses following L-DOPA administration. These findings prompted investigation of non-neuronal mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) involving glial cells and glial-secreted soluble molecules. Hence, besides the classical mechanisms of LID that include abnormal corticostriatal neurotransmission and maladaptive changes in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), here we review studies supporting a role of striatal neuroinflammation in the development of LID, with a focus on microglia and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, we discuss several mechanisms that have been involved in the development of LID, which are directly or indirectly under the control of TNF-α, and might be abnormally affected by its chronic overproduction and release by microglia in PD. It is proposed that TNF-α may contribute to the altered neuronal responses occurring in LID by targeting receptor trafficking and function in MSNs, but also dopamine synthesis in preserved dopaminergic terminals and serotonin metabolism in serotonergic neurons. Therapeutic approaches specifically targeting glial-secreted cytokines may represent a novel target for preventing or treating LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Pisanu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, SS 554 km 4.500, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Saturnino Spiga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sandro Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
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30
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Eidson LN, Kannarkat GT, Barnum CJ, Chang J, Chung J, Caspell-Garcia C, Taylor P, Mollenhauer B, Schlossmacher MG, Ereshefsky L, Yen M, Kopil C, Frasier M, Marek K, Hertzberg VS, Tansey MG. Candidate inflammatory biomarkers display unique relationships with alpha-synuclein and correlate with measures of disease severity in subjects with Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:164. [PMID: 28821274 PMCID: PMC5563061 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to identify fluid biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have intensified in the last decade. As the role of inflammation in PD pathophysiology becomes increasingly recognized, investigators aim to define inflammatory signatures to help elucidate underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and aid in identification of patients with inflammatory endophenotypes that could benefit from immunomodulatory interventions. However, discordant results in the literature and a lack of information regarding the stability of inflammatory factors over a 24-h period have hampered progress. Methods Here, we measured inflammatory proteins in serum and CSF of a small cohort of PD (n = 12) and age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects (n = 6) at 11 time points across 24 h to (1) identify potential diurnal variation, (2) reveal differences in PD vs HC, and (3) to correlate with CSF levels of amyloid β (Aβ) and α-synuclein in an effort to generate data-driven hypotheses regarding candidate biomarkers of PD. Results Despite significant variability in other factors, a repeated measures two-way analysis of variance by time and disease state for each analyte revealed that serum IFNγ, TNF, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were stable across 24 h and different between HC and PD. Regression analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) was the only factor with a strong linear relationship between CSF and serum. PD and HC subjects showed significantly different relationships between CSF Aβ proteins and α-synuclein and specific inflammatory factors, and CSF IFNγ and serum IL-8 positively correlated with clinical measures of PD. Finally, linear discriminant analysis revealed that serum TNF and CSF α-synuclein discriminated between PD and HC with a minimum of 82% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Conclusions Our findings identify a panel of inflammatory factors in serum and CSF that can be reliably measured, distinguish between PD and HC, and monitor inflammation as disease progresses or in response to interventional therapies. This panel may aid in generating hypotheses and feasible experimental designs towards identifying biomarkers of neurodegenerative disease by focusing on analytes that remain stable regardless of time of sample collection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0935-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori N Eidson
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - George T Kannarkat
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christopher J Barnum
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jaegwon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chelsea Caspell-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, 100 CPHB, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Peggy Taylor
- BioLegend, Inc., 180 Rustcraft Rd # 140, Dedham, Massachusetts, 02026, USA
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Georg-August University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience and Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Room 1412, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Larry Ereshefsky
- Follow the Molecule, 143 Voyage Mall, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Mark Yen
- PAREXEL International, Early Phase Unit, 1560 E. Chevy Chase Drive, Suite 140, Glendale, CA, 91206, USA
| | - Catherine Kopil
- Research Programs, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, 69 7th Avenue, 498, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- Research Programs, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, 69 7th Avenue, 498, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Yale-New Haven Hospital, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Vicki S Hertzberg
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Carta AR, Mulas G, Bortolanza M, Duarte T, Pillai E, Fisone G, Vozari RR, Del-Bel E. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and neuroinflammation: do microglia and astrocytes play a role? Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:73-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Terence Duarte
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Retzius väg 8 17177 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rita Raisman Vozari
- INSERM U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR S 1127; Institut Du Cerveau et de La Moelle Epiniére; ICM; Paris France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Hawthorne GH, Bernuci MP, Bortolanza M, Tumas V, Issy AC, Del-Bel E. Nanomedicine to Overcome Current Parkinson's Treatment Liabilities: A Systematic Review. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:715-729. [PMID: 27581037 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles might be produced and manipulated to present a large spectrum of properties. The physicochemical features of the engineered nanomaterials confer to them different features, including the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The main objective of this review is to present the state-of-art research in nano manipulation concerning Parkinson's disease (PD). In the past few years, the association of drugs with nanoparticles solidly improved treatment outcomes. We systematically reviewed 28 studies, describing their potential contributions regarding the role of nanomedicine to increase the efficacy of known pharmacological strategies for PD treatment. Data from animal models resulted in the (i) improvement of pharmacological properties, (ii) more stable drug concentrations, (iii) longer half-live and (iv) attenuation of pharmacological adverse effects. As this approach is recent, with many of the described works being published less than 5 years ago, the expectancy is that this knowledge gives support to an improvement in the current clinical methods to the management of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Picinin Bernuci
- Department of Health Promotion, University Center of Maringá (UniCesumar), Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Maringa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Issy
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dos-Santos-Pereira M, da-Silva CA, Guimarães FS, Del-Bel E. Co-administration of cannabidiol and capsazepine reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice: Possible mechanism of action. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:179-95. [PMID: 27373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Aparecida da-Silva
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Antidyskinetic Effect of 7-Nitroindazole and Sodium Nitroprusside Associated with Amantadine in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:88-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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De-Miguel FF, Nicholls JG. Release of chemical transmitters from cell bodies and dendrites of nerve cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0181. [PMID: 26009760 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Papers in this issue concern extrasynaptic transmission, namely release of signalling molecules by exocytosis or diffusion from neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons and glia. Problems discussed concern the molecules, their secretion and importance for normal function and disease. Molecules secreted extrasynaptically include transmitters, peptides, hormones and nitric oxide. For extrasynaptic secretion, trains of action potentials are required, and the time course of release is slower than at synapses. Questions arise concerning the mechanism of extrasynaptic secretion: how does it differ from the release observed at synaptic terminals and gland cells? What kinds of vesicles take part? Is release accomplished through calcium entry, SNAP and SNARE proteins? A clear difference is in the role of molecules released synaptically and extrasynaptically. After extrasynaptic release, molecules reach distant as well as nearby cells, and thereby produce long-lasting changes over large volumes of brain. Such changes can affect circuits for motor performance and mood states. An example with clinical relevance is dyskinesia of patients treated with l-DOPA for Parkinson's disease. Extrasynaptically released transmitters also evoke responses in glial cells, which in turn release molecules that cause local vasodilatation and enhanced circulation in regions of the brain that are active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F De-Miguel
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - John G Nicholls
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, SISSA, Trieste, Italy
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Rylander Ottosson D, Lane E. Striatal Plasticity in L-DOPA- and Graft-Induced Dyskinesia; The Common Link? Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:16. [PMID: 26903804 PMCID: PMC4744851 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major symptoms of the neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowness or loss of voluntary movement, yet frustratingly therapeutic strategies designed to restore movement can result in the development of excessive abnormal movements known as dyskinesia. These dyskinesias commonly develop as a result of pharmacotherapy in the form of L-DOPA administration, but have also been identified following deep brain stimulation (DBS) and intrastriatal cell transplantation. In the case of L-DOPA these movements can be treatment limiting, and whilst they are not long lasting or troubling following DBS, recognition of their development had a near devastating effect on the field of cell transplantation for PD.Understanding the relationship between these therapeutic approaches and the development of dyskinesia may improve our ability to restore function without disabling side effects. Interestingly, despite the fact that dopaminergic cell transplantation repairs many of the changes induced by the disease process and through L-DOPA treatment, there appears to be a relationship between the two. In rodent models of the disease, the severity of dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA prior to the transplantation procedure correlated with post-transplantation, graft-induced dyskinesia. A review of clinical data also suggested that the worse preoperational dyskinesia causes worsened graft-induced dyskinesia (GID). Understanding how these aberrant behaviors come about has been of keen interest to open up these therapeutic options more widely and one major underlying theory is the effects of these approaches on the plasticity of synapses within the basal ganglia. This review uniquely brings together developments in understanding the role of striatal synaptic plasticity in both L-DOPA and GID to guide and stimulate further investigations on the important striatal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Rylander Ottosson
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Emma Lane
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, UK
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