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Lewis CM, Hoffmann A, Helmchen F. Linking brain activity across scales with simultaneous opto- and electrophysiology. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033403. [PMID: 37662552 PMCID: PMC10472193 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain enables adaptive behavior via the dynamic coordination of diverse neuronal signals across spatial and temporal scales: from fast action potential patterns in microcircuits to slower patterns of distributed activity in brain-wide networks. Understanding principles of multiscale dynamics requires simultaneous monitoring of signals in multiple, distributed network nodes. Combining optical and electrical recordings of brain activity is promising for collecting data across multiple scales and can reveal aspects of coordinated dynamics invisible to standard, single-modality approaches. We review recent progress in combining opto- and electrophysiology, focusing on mouse studies that shed new light on the function of single neurons by embedding their activity in the context of brain-wide activity patterns. Optical and electrical readouts can be tailored to desired scales to tackle specific questions. For example, fast dynamics in single cells or local populations recorded with multi-electrode arrays can be related to simultaneously acquired optical signals that report activity in specified subpopulations of neurons, in non-neuronal cells, or in neuromodulatory pathways. Conversely, two-photon imaging can be used to densely monitor activity in local circuits while sampling electrical activity in distant brain areas at the same time. The refinement of combined approaches will continue to reveal previously inaccessible and under-appreciated aspects of coordinated brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Hoffmann
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Research Priority Program, Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Bisht A, Simone K, Bains JS, Murari K. Distinguishing motion artifacts during optical fiber-based in-vivo hemodynamics recordings from brain regions of freely moving rodents. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11511. [PMID: 38799809 PMCID: PMC11123205 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Significance Motion artifacts in the signals recorded during optical fiber-based measurements can lead to misinterpretation of data. In this work, we address this problem during in-vivo rodent experiments and develop a motion artifacts correction (MAC) algorithm for single-fiber system (SFS) hemodynamics measurements from the brains of rodents. Aim (i) To distinguish the effect of motion artifacts in the SFS signals. (ii) Develop a MAC algorithm by combining information from the experiments and simulations and validate it. Approach Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations were performed across 450 to 790 nm to identify wavelengths where the reflectance is least sensitive to blood absorption-based changes. This wavelength region is then used to develop a quantitative metric to measure motion artifacts, termed the dissimilarity metric (DM). We used MC simulations to mimic artifacts seen during experiments. Further, we developed a mathematical model describing light intensity at various optical interfaces. Finally, an MAC algorithm was formulated and validated using simulation and experimental data. Results We found that the 670 to 680 nm wavelength region is relatively less sensitive to blood absorption. The standard deviation of DM (σ D M ) can measure the relative magnitude of motion artifacts in the SFS signals. The artifacts cause rapid shifts in the reflectance data that can be modeled as transmission changes in the optical lightpath. The changes observed during the experiment were found to be in agreement to those obtained from MC simulations. The mathematical model developed to model transmission changes to represent motion artifacts was extended to an MAC algorithm. The MAC algorithm was validated using simulations and experimental data. Conclusions We distinguished motion artifacts from SFS signals during in vivo hemodynamic monitoring experiments. From simulation and experimental data, we showed that motion artifacts can be modeled as transmission changes. The developed MAC algorithm was shown to minimize artifactual variations in both simulation and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bisht
- University of Calgary, Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn Simone
- University of Calgary, Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaideep S. Bains
- University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kartikeya Murari
- University of Calgary, Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Electrical and Software Engineering, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Bennett HC, Zhang Q, Wu YT, Manjila SB, Chon U, Shin D, Vanselow DJ, Pi HJ, Drew PJ, Kim Y. Aging drives cerebrovascular network remodeling and functional changes in the mouse brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6398. [PMID: 39080289 PMCID: PMC11289283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is frequently associated with compromised cerebrovasculature and pericytes. However, we do not know how normal aging differentially impacts vascular structure and function in different brain areas. Here we utilize mesoscale microscopy methods and in vivo imaging to determine detailed changes in aged murine cerebrovascular networks. Whole-brain vascular tracing shows an overall ~10% decrease in vascular length and branching density with ~7% increase in vascular radii in aged brains. Light sheet imaging with 3D immunolabeling reveals increased arteriole tortuosity of aged brains. Notably, vasculature and pericyte densities show selective and significant reductions in the deep cortical layers, hippocampal network, and basal forebrain areas. We find increased blood extravasation, implying compromised blood-brain barrier function in aged brains. Moreover, in vivo imaging in awake mice demonstrates reduced baseline and on-demand blood oxygenation despite relatively intact neurovascular coupling. Collectively, we uncover regional vulnerabilities of cerebrovascular network and physiological changes that can mediate cognitive decline in normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Bennett
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yuan-Ting Wu
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Steffy B Manjila
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Donghui Shin
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Daniel J Vanselow
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hyun-Jae Pi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biology, and Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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4
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Rathbone E, Fu D. Quantitative Optical Imaging of Oxygen in Brain Vasculature. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6975-6989. [PMID: 38991095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The intimate relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral oxygenation underpins fundamental brain functions like cognition, sensation, and motor control. Optical imaging offers a noninvasive approach to assess brain oxygenation and often serves as an indirect proxy for neuronal activity. However, deciphering neurovascular coupling─the intricate interplay between neuronal activity, blood flow, and oxygen delivery─necessitates independent, high spatial resolution, and high temporal resolution measurements of both microvasculature oxygenation and neuronal activation. This Perspective examines the established optical techniques employed for brain oxygen imaging, specifically functional near-infrared spectroscopy, photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon phosphorescent lifetime microscopy, highlighting their fundamental principles, strengths, and limitations. Several other emerging optical techniques are also introduced. Finally, we discuss key technological challenges and future directions for quantitative optical oxygen imaging, paving the way for a deeper understanding of oxygen metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rathbone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Broggini T, Duckworth J, Ji X, Liu R, Xia X, Mächler P, Shaked I, Munting LP, Iyengar S, Kotlikoff M, van Veluw SJ, Vergassola M, Mishne G, Kleinfeld D. Long-wavelength traveling waves of vasomotion modulate the perfusion of cortex. Neuron 2024; 112:2349-2367.e8. [PMID: 38781972 PMCID: PMC11257831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain arterioles are active, multicellular complexes whose diameters oscillate at ∼ 0.1 Hz. We assess the physiological impact and spatiotemporal dynamics of vaso-oscillations in the awake mouse. First, vaso-oscillations in penetrating arterioles, which source blood from pial arterioles to the capillary bed, profoundly impact perfusion throughout neocortex. The modulation in flux during resting-state activity exceeds that of stimulus-induced activity. Second, the change in perfusion through arterioles relative to the change in their diameter is weak. This implies that the capillary bed dominates the hydrodynamic resistance of brain vasculature. Lastly, the phase of vaso-oscillations evolves slowly along arterioles, with a wavelength that exceeds the span of the cortical mantle and sufficient variability to establish functional cortical areas as parcels of uniform phase. The phase-gradient supports traveling waves in either direction along both pial and penetrating arterioles. This implies that waves along penetrating arterioles can mix, but not directionally transport, interstitial fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Neurosurgery, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jacob Duckworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leon Paul Munting
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michael Kotlikoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Gal Mishne
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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6
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Doran PR, Fomin-Thunemann N, Tang RP, Balog D, Zimmerman B, Kılıç K, Martin EA, Kura S, Fisher HP, Chabbott G, Herbert J, Rauscher BC, Jiang JX, Sakadzic S, Boas DA, Devor A, Chen IA, Thunemann M. Widefield in vivo imaging system with two fluorescence and two reflectance channels, a single sCMOS detector, and shielded illumination. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:034310. [PMID: 38881627 PMCID: PMC11177117 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.034310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance Widefield microscopy of the entire dorsal part of mouse cerebral cortex enables large-scale ("mesoscopic") imaging of different aspects of neuronal activity with spectrally compatible fluorescent indicators as well as hemodynamics via oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin absorption. Versatile and cost-effective imaging systems are needed for large-scale, color-multiplexed imaging of multiple fluorescent and intrinsic contrasts. Aim We aim to develop a system for mesoscopic imaging of two fluorescent and two reflectance channels. Approach Excitation of red and green fluorescence is achieved through epi-illumination. Hemoglobin absorption imaging is achieved using 525- and 625-nm light-emitting diodes positioned around the objective lens. An aluminum hemisphere placed between objective and cranial window provides diffuse illumination of the brain. Signals are recorded sequentially by a single sCMOS detector. Results We demonstrate the performance of our imaging system by recording large-scale spontaneous and stimulus-evoked neuronal, cholinergic, and hemodynamic activity in awake, head-fixed mice with a curved "crystal skull" window expressing the red calcium indicator jRGECO1a and the green acetylcholine sensorGRAB ACh 3.0 . Shielding of illumination light through the aluminum hemisphere enables concurrent recording of pupil diameter changes. Conclusions Our widefield microscope design with a single camera can be used to acquire multiple aspects of brain physiology and is compatible with behavioral readouts of pupil diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Doran
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Natalie Fomin-Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rockwell P. Tang
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dora Balog
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bernhard Zimmerman
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Emily A. Martin
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Harrison P. Fisher
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Grace Chabbott
- Boston University, Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joel Herbert
- Boston University, Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bradley C. Rauscher
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John X. Jiang
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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7
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Gilad A. Wide-field imaging in behaving mice as a tool to study cognitive function. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033404. [PMID: 38384657 PMCID: PMC10879934 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive functions are mediated through coordinated and dynamic neuronal responses that involve many different areas across the brain. Therefore, it is of high interest to simultaneously record neuronal activity from as many brain areas as possible while the subject performs a cognitive behavioral task. One of the emerging tools to achieve a mesoscopic field of view is wide-field imaging of cortex-wide dynamics in mice. Wide-field imaging is cost-effective, user-friendly, and enables obtaining cortex-wide signals from mice performing complex and demanding cognitive tasks. Importantly, wide-field imaging offers an unbiased cortex-wide observation that sheds light on overlooked cortical regions and highlights parallel processing circuits. Recent wide-field imaging studies have shown that multi-area cortex-wide patterns, rather than just a single area, are involved in encoding cognitive functions. The optical properties of wide-field imaging enable imaging of different brain signals, such as layer-specific, inhibitory subtypes, or neuromodulation signals. Here, I review the main advantages of wide-field imaging in mice, review the recent literature, and discuss future directions of the field. It is expected that wide-field imaging in behaving mice will continue to gain popularity and aid in understanding the mesoscale dynamics underlying cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gilad
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Kim H, Jeong H, Lee J, Yei J, Suh M. The Effects of Acute Stress on Evoked-cortical Connectivity through Wide-field Optical Mapping of Neural and Hemodynamic Signals. Exp Neurobiol 2024; 33:140-151. [PMID: 38993081 PMCID: PMC11247281 DOI: 10.5607/en23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A single exposure to stress can induce functional changes in neurons, potentially leading to acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. In this study, we used in vivo wide-field optical mapping to simultaneously measure neural calcium signals and hemodynamic responses over the whole cortical area. We found that cortical mapping to whisker stimuli was altered under acute stress conditions. In particular, callosal projections in the anterior cortex (primary/secondary motor, somatosensory forelimb cortex) relative to barrel field (S1BF) of somatosensory cortex were weakened. On the contrary, the projections in posterior cortex relative to S1BF were mostly unchanged or were only occasionally strengthened. In addition, changes in intra-cortical connection were opposite to those in inter-cortical connection. Thus, the S1BF connections to the anterior cortex were strengthened while those to the posterior cortex were weakened. This suggests that the well-known barrel cortex projection route was enhanced. In summary, our in vivo wide-field optical mapping study indicates that a single acute stress can impact whole-brain networks, affecting both neural and hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Haebin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yei
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- KIST-SKKU Brain Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- IMNEWRUN Inc., Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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9
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Yan Y, Murphy TH. Decoding state-dependent cortical-cerebellar cellular functional connectivity in the mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114348. [PMID: 38865245 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cortex and cerebellum form multi-synaptic reciprocal connections. We investigate the functional connectivity between single spiking cerebellar neurons and the population activity of the mouse dorsal cortex using mesoscale imaging. Cortical representations of individual cerebellar neurons vary significantly across different brain states but are drawn from a common set of cortical networks. These cortical-cerebellar connectivity features are observed in mossy fibers and Purkinje cells as well as neurons in different cerebellar lobules, albeit with variations across cell types and regions. Complex spikes of Purkinje cells preferably associate with the sensorimotor cortex, whereas simple spikes display more diverse cortical connectivity patterns. The spontaneous functional connectivity patterns align with cerebellar neurons' functional responses to external stimuli in a modality-specific manner. The tuning properties of subsets of cerebellar neurons differ between anesthesia and awake states, mirrored by state-dependent changes in their long-range functional connectivity patterns with mesoscale cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Feng J, Dong H, Lischinsky JE, Zhou J, Deng F, Zhuang C, Miao X, Wang H, Li G, Cai R, Xie H, Cui G, Lin D, Li Y. Monitoring norepinephrine release in vivo using next-generation GRAB NE sensors. Neuron 2024; 112:1930-1942.e6. [PMID: 38547869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is an essential biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter. The first-generation NE sensor makes in vivo, real-time, cell-type-specific and region-specific NE detection possible, but its low NE sensitivity limits its utility. Here, we developed the second-generation GPCR-activation-based NE sensors (GRABNE2m and GRABNE2h) with a superior response and high sensitivity and selectivity to NE both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, these sensors can detect NE release triggered by either optogenetic or behavioral stimuli in freely moving mice, producing robust signals in the locus coeruleus and hypothalamus. With the development of a novel transgenic mouse line, we recorded both NE release and calcium dynamics with dual-color fiber photometry throughout the sleep-wake cycle; moreover, dual-color mesoscopic imaging revealed cell-type-specific spatiotemporal dynamics of NE and calcium during sensory processing and locomotion. Thus, these new GRABNE sensors are valuable tools for monitoring the precise spatiotemporal release of NE in vivo, providing new insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Julieta E Lischinsky
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jingheng Zhou
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020 Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guochuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guohong Cui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Meyer-Baese L, Morrissette AE, Wang Y, Le Chatelier B, Borden PY, Keilholz SD, Stanley GB, Jaeger D. Cortical Networks Relating to Arousal Are Differentially Coupled to Neural Activity and Hemodynamics. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0298232024. [PMID: 38769007 PMCID: PMC11209646 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0298-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Even in the absence of specific sensory input or a behavioral task, the brain produces structured patterns of activity. This organized activity is modulated by changes in arousal. Here, we use wide-field voltage imaging to establish how arousal relates to cortical network voltage and hemodynamic activity in spontaneously behaving head-fixed male and female mice expressing the voltage-sensitive fluorescent FRET sensor Butterfly 1.2. We find that global voltage and hemodynamic signals are both positively correlated with changes in arousal with a maximum correlation of 0.5 and 0.25, respectively, at a time lag of 0 s. We next show that arousal influences distinct cortical regions for both voltage and hemodynamic signals. These include a broad positive correlation across most sensory-motor cortices extending posteriorly to the primary visual cortex observed in both signals. In contrast, activity in the prefrontal cortex is positively correlated to changes in arousal for the voltage signal while it is a slight net negative correlation observed in the hemodynamic signal. Additionally, we show that coherence between voltage and hemodynamic signals relative to arousal is strongest for slow frequencies below 0.15 Hz and is near zero for frequencies >1 Hz. We finally show that coupling patterns are dependent on the behavioral state of the animal with correlations being driven by periods of increased orofacial movement. Our results indicate that while hemodynamic signals show strong relations to behavior and arousal, these relations are distinct from those observed by voltage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Meyer-Baese
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Yunmiao Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Peter Y Borden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shella D Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Garrett B Stanley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Dieter Jaeger
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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12
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Zhou Q, Glück C, Tang L, Glandorf L, Droux J, El Amki M, Wegener S, Weber B, Razansky D, Chen Z. Cortex-wide transcranial localization microscopy with fluorescently labeled red blood cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3526. [PMID: 38664419 PMCID: PMC11045747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale imaging of brain activity with high spatio-temporal resolution is crucial for advancing our understanding of brain function. The existing neuroimaging techniques are largely limited by restricted field of view, slow imaging speed, or otherwise do not have the adequate spatial resolution to capture brain activities on a capillary and cellular level. To address these limitations, we introduce fluorescence localization microscopy aided with sparsely-labeled red blood cells for cortex-wide morphological and functional cerebral angiography with 4.9 µm spatial resolution and 1 s temporal resolution. When combined with fluorescence calcium imaging, the proposed method enables extended recordings of stimulus-evoked neuro-vascular changes in the murine brain while providing simultaneous multiparametric readings of intracellular neuronal activity, blood flow velocity/direction/volume, and vessel diameter. Owing to its simplicity and versatility, the proposed approach will become an invaluable tool for deciphering the regulation of cortical microcirculation and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyu Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chaim Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Glandorf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Droux
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad El Amki
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Toader AE, Fukuda M, Vazquez AL. Evaluation of calibrated and uncalibrated optical imaging approaches for relative cerebral oxygen metabolism measurements in awake mice. Physiol Meas 2024; 45:045007. [PMID: 38569522 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ad3a2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective. The continuous delivery of oxygen is critical to sustain brain function, and therefore, measuring brain oxygen consumption can provide vital physiological insight. In this work, we examine the impact of calibration and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements on the computation of the relative changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (rCMRO2) from hemoglobin-sensitive intrinsic optical imaging data. Using these data, we calculate rCMRO2, and calibrate the model using an isometabolic stimulus.Approach. We used awake head-fixed rodents to obtain hemoglobin-sensitive optical imaging data to test different calibrated and uncalibrated rCMRO2models. Hypercapnia was used for calibration and whisker stimulation was used to test the impact of calibration.Main results. We found that typical uncalibrated models can provide reasonable estimates of rCMRO2with differences as small as 7%-9% compared to their calibrated models. However, calibrated models showed lower variability and less dependence on baseline hemoglobin concentrations. Lastly, we found that supplying the model with measurements of CBF significantly reduced error and variability in rCMRO2change calculations.Significance. The effect of calibration on rCMRO2calculations remains understudied, and we systematically evaluated different rCMRO2calculation scenarios that consider including different measurement combinations. This study provides a quantitative comparison of these scenarios to evaluate trade-offs that can be vital to the design of blood oxygenation sensitive imaging experiments for rCMRO2calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Toader
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15217, United States of America
| | - M Fukuda
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15217, United States of America
| | - A L Vazquez
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15217, United States of America
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15217, United States of America
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14
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Fei Y, Wu Q, Zhao S, Song K, Han J, Liu C. Diverse and asymmetric patterns of single-neuron projectome in regulating interhemispheric connectivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3403. [PMID: 38649683 PMCID: PMC11035633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum, historically considered primarily for homotopic connections, supports many heterotopic connections, indicating complex interhemispheric connectivity. Understanding this complexity is crucial yet challenging due to diverse cell-specific wiring patterns. Here, we utilized public AAV bulk tracing and single-neuron tracing data to delineate the anatomical connection patterns of mouse brains and conducted wide-field calcium imaging to assess functional connectivity across various brain states in male mice. The single-neuron data uncovered complex and dense interconnected patterns, particularly for interhemispheric-heterotopic connections. We proposed a metric "heterogeneity" to quantify the complexity of the connection patterns. Computational modeling of these patterns suggested that the heterogeneity of upstream projections impacted downstream homotopic functional connectivity. Furthermore, higher heterogeneity observed in interhemispheric-heterotopic projections would cause lower strength but higher stability in functional connectivity than their intrahemispheric counterparts. These findings were corroborated by our wide-field functional imaging data, underscoring the important role of heterotopic-projection heterogeneity in interhemispheric communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fei
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Research & Development, Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kun Song
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Research & Development, Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Cirong Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Liu J, Mosti F, Zhao HT, Sotelo-Fonseca JE, Escobar-Tomlienovich CF, Lollis D, Musso CM, Mao Y, Massri AJ, Doll HM, Sousa AM, Wray GA, Schmidt E, Silver DL. A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588953. [PMID: 38645099 PMCID: PMC11030412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Humans evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex, associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications 1-3 . Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved genomic sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions. Although there are thousands of annotated HARs, their functional contribution to human-specific cortical development is largely unknown 4,5 . HARE5 is a HAR transcriptional enhancer of the WNT signaling receptor Frizzled8 (FZD8) active during brain development 6 . Here, using genome-edited mouse and primate models, we demonstrate that human (Hs) HARE5 fine-tunes cortical development and connectivity by controlling the proliferative and neurogenic capacity of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Hs-HARE5 knock-in mice have significantly enlarged neocortices containing more neurons. By measuring neural dynamics in vivo we show these anatomical features correlate with increased functional independence between cortical regions. To understand the underlying developmental mechanisms, we assess progenitor fate using live imaging, lineage analysis, and single-cell RNA sequencing. This reveals Hs-HARE5 modifies radial glial progenitor behavior, with increased self-renewal at early developmental stages followed by expanded neurogenic potential. We use genome-edited human and chimpanzee (Pt) NPCs and cortical organoids to assess the relative enhancer activity and function of Hs-HARE5 and Pt-HARE5. Using these orthogonal strategies we show four human-specific variants in HARE5 drive increased enhancer activity which promotes progenitor proliferation. These findings illustrate how small changes in regulatory DNA can directly impact critical signaling pathways and brain development. Our study uncovers new functions for HARs as key regulatory elements crucial for the expansion and complexity of the human cerebral cortex.
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16
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Suematsu N, Vazquez AL, Kozai TDY. Activation and depression of neural and hemodynamic responses induced by the intracortical microstimulation and visual stimulation in the mouse visual cortex. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026033. [PMID: 38537268 PMCID: PMC11002944 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) can be an effective method for restoring sensory perception in contemporary brain-machine interfaces. However, the mechanisms underlying better control of neuronal responses remain poorly understood, as well as the relationship between neuronal activity and other concomitant phenomena occurring around the stimulation site.Approach. Different microstimulation frequencies were investigatedin vivoon Thy1-GCaMP6s mice using widefield and two-photon imaging to evaluate the evoked excitatory neural responses across multiple spatial scales as well as the induced hemodynamic responses. Specifically, we quantified stimulation-induced neuronal activation and depression in the mouse visual cortex and measured hemodynamic oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin signals using mesoscopic-scale widefield imaging.Main results. Our calcium imaging findings revealed a preference for lower-frequency stimulation in driving stronger neuronal activation. A depressive response following the neural activation preferred a slightly higher frequency stimulation compared to the activation. Hemodynamic signals exhibited a comparable spatial spread to neural calcium signals. Oxyhemoglobin concentration around the stimulation site remained elevated during the post-activation (depression) period. Somatic and neuropil calcium responses measured by two-photon microscopy showed similar dependence on stimulation parameters, although the magnitudes measured in soma was greater than in neuropil. Furthermore, higher-frequency stimulation induced a more pronounced activation in soma compared to neuropil, while depression was predominantly induced in soma irrespective of stimulation frequencies.Significance. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying depression differs from activation, requiring ample oxygen supply, and affecting neurons. Our findings provide a novel understanding of evoked excitatory neuronal activity induced by ICMS and offer insights into neuro-devices that utilize both activation and depression phenomena to achieve desired neural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Suematsu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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17
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Heindorf M, Keller GB. Antipsychotic drugs selectively decorrelate long-range interactions in deep cortical layers. eLife 2024; 12:RP86805. [PMID: 38578678 PMCID: PMC10997332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is characterized by a diminished ability of the brain to distinguish externally driven activity patterns from self-generated activity patterns. Antipsychotic drugs are a class of small molecules with relatively broad binding affinity for a variety of neuromodulator receptors that, in humans, can prevent or ameliorate psychosis. How these drugs influence the function of cortical circuits, and in particular their ability to distinguish between externally and self-generated activity patterns, is still largely unclear. To have experimental control over self-generated sensory feedback, we used a virtual reality environment in which the coupling between movement and visual feedback can be altered. We then used widefield calcium imaging to determine the cell type-specific functional effects of antipsychotic drugs in mouse dorsal cortex under different conditions of visuomotor coupling. By comparing cell type-specific activation patterns between locomotion onsets that were experimentally coupled to self-generated visual feedback and locomotion onsets that were not coupled, we show that deep cortical layers were differentially activated in these two conditions. We then show that the antipsychotic drug clozapine disrupted visuomotor integration at locomotion onsets also primarily in deep cortical layers. Given that one of the key components of visuomotor integration in cortex is long-range cortico-cortical connections, we tested whether the effect of clozapine was detectable in the correlation structure of activity patterns across dorsal cortex. We found that clozapine as well as two other antipsychotic drugs, aripiprazole and haloperidol, resulted in a strong reduction in correlations of layer 5 activity between cortical areas and impaired the spread of visuomotor prediction errors generated in visual cortex. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that a major functional effect of antipsychotic drugs is a selective alteration of long-range layer 5-mediated communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heindorf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Georg B Keller
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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18
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Deng F, Wan J, Li G, Dong H, Xia X, Wang Y, Li X, Zhuang C, Zheng Y, Liu L, Yan Y, Feng J, Zhao Y, Xie H, Li Y. Improved green and red GRAB sensors for monitoring spatiotemporal serotonin release in vivo. Nat Methods 2024; 21:692-702. [PMID: 38443508 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The serotonergic system plays important roles in both physiological and pathological processes, and is a therapeutic target for many psychiatric disorders. Although several genetically encoded GFP-based serotonin (5-HT) sensors were recently developed, their sensitivities and spectral profiles are relatively limited. To overcome these limitations, we optimized green fluorescent G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-activation-based 5-HT (GRAB5-HT) sensors and developed a red fluorescent GRAB5-HT sensor. These sensors exhibit excellent cell surface trafficking and high specificity, sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, making them suitable for monitoring 5-HT dynamics in vivo. Besides recording subcortical 5-HT release in freely moving mice, we observed both uniform and gradient 5-HT release in the mouse dorsal cortex with mesoscopic imaging. Finally, we performed dual-color imaging and observed seizure-induced waves of 5-HT release throughout the cortex following calcium and endocannabinoid waves. In summary, these 5-HT sensors can offer valuable insights regarding the serotonergic system in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guochuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiju Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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19
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White BR, Adepoju TE, Fisher HB, Shinohara RT, Vandekar S. Spatial nonstationarity of image noise in widefield optical imaging and its effects on cluster-based inference for resting-state functional connectivity. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110076. [PMID: 38331258 PMCID: PMC10940215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis with widefield optical imaging (WOI) is a potentially powerful tool to develop imaging biomarkers in mouse models of disease before translating them to human neuroimaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The delineation of such biomarkers depends on rigorous statistical analysis. However, statistical understanding of WOI data is limited. In particular, cluster-based analysis of neuroimaging data depends on assumptions of spatial stationarity (i.e., that the distribution of cluster sizes under the null is equal at all brain locations). Whether actual data deviate from this assumption has not previously been examined in WOI. NEW METHOD In this manuscript, we characterize the effects of spatial nonstationarity in WOI RSFC data and adapt a "two-pass" technique from fMRI to correct cluster sizes and mitigate spatial bias, both parametrically and nonparametrically. These methods are tested on multi-institutional data. RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We find that spatial nonstationarity has a substantial effect on inference in WOI RSFC data with false positives much more likely at some brain regions than others. This pattern of bias varies between imaging systems, contrasts, and mouse ages, all of which could affect experimental reproducibility if not accounted for. CONCLUSIONS Both parametric and nonparametric corrections for nonstationarity result in significant improvements in spatial bias. The proposed methods are simple to implement and will improve the robustness of inference in optical neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R White
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USA.
| | - Temilola E Adepoju
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USA
| | - Hayden B Fisher
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analysis, Department of Radiology, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, USA
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20
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MacDowell CJ, Briones BA, Lenzi MJ, Gustison ML, Buschman TJ. Differences in the expression of cortex-wide neural dynamics are related to behavioral phenotype. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1333-1340.e6. [PMID: 38417445 PMCID: PMC10965364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Behavior differs across individuals, ranging from typical to atypical phenotypes.1 Understanding how differences in behavior relate to differences in neural activity is critical for developing treatments of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. One hypothesis is that differences in behavior reflect individual differences in the dynamics of how information flows through the brain. In support of this, the correlation of neural activity between brain areas, termed "functional connectivity," varies across individuals2 and is disrupted in autism,3 schizophrenia,4 and depression.5 However, the changes in neural activity that underlie altered behavior and functional connectivity remain unclear. Here, we show that individual differences in the expression of different patterns of cortical neural dynamics explain variability in both functional connectivity and behavior. Using mesoscale imaging, we recorded neural activity across the dorsal cortex of behaviorally "typical" and "atypical" mice. All mice shared the same recurring cortex-wide spatiotemporal motifs of neural activity, and these motifs explained the large majority of variance in cortical activity (>75%). However, individuals differed in how frequently different motifs were expressed. These differences in motif expression explained differences in functional connectivity and behavior across both typical and atypical mice. Our results suggest that differences in behavior and functional connectivity are due to changes in the processes that select which pattern of neural activity is expressed at each moment in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden J MacDowell
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Brandy A Briones
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michael J Lenzi
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Morgan L Gustison
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Timothy J Buschman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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21
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Doran PR, Fomin-Thunemann N, Tang RP, Balog D, Zimmerman B, Kilic K, Martin EA, Kura S, Fisher HP, Chabbott G, Herbert J, Rauscher BC, Jiang JX, Sakadzic S, Boas DA, Devor A, Chen IA, Thunemann M. Widefield in vivo imaging system with two fluorescence and two reflectance channels, a single sCMOS detector, and shielded illumination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.07.566086. [PMID: 37986755 PMCID: PMC10659277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Widefield microscopy of the entire dorsal part of mouse cerebral cortex enables large-scale (mesoscopic) imaging of neuronal activity with fluorescent indicators as well as hemodynamics via oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin absorption. Versatile and cost-effective imaging systems are needed for large-scale, color-multiplexed imaging of multiple fluorescent and intrinsic contrasts. AIM Develop a system for mesoscopic imaging of two fluorescent and two reflectance channels. APPROACH Excitation of red and green fluorescence is achieved through epi-illumination. Hemoglobin absorption imaging is achieved using 525- and 625nm LEDs positioned around the objective lens. An aluminum hemisphere placed between objective and cranial window provides diffuse illumination of the brain. Signals are recorded sequentially by a single sCMOS detector. RESULTS We demonstrate performance of our imaging system by recording large-scale spontaneous and stimulus-evoked neuronal, cholinergic, and hemodynamic activity in awake head-fixed mice with a curved crystal skull window expressing the red calcium indicator jRGECO1a and the green acetylcholine sensor GRABACh3.0 . Shielding of illumination light through the aluminum hemisphere enables concurrent recording of pupil diameter changes. CONCLUSIONS Our widefield microscope design with single camera can be used to acquire multiple aspects of brain physiology and is compatible with behavioral readouts of pupil diameter.
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22
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Simpson EH, Akam T, Patriarchi T, Blanco-Pozo M, Burgeno LM, Mohebi A, Cragg SJ, Walton ME. Lights, fiber, action! A primer on in vivo fiber photometry. Neuron 2024; 112:718-739. [PMID: 38103545 PMCID: PMC10939905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo. Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via genetically encoded indicators. This generated new insights into brain functions including movement, memory, and motivation at the level of defined circuits and cell types. Recently, the opportunity for discovery with fiber photometry has exploded with the development of an extensive range of fluorescent sensors for biomolecules including neuromodulators and peptides that were previously inaccessible in vivo. This critical advance, combined with the new availability of affordable "plug-and-play" recording systems, has made monitoring molecules with high spatiotemporal precision during behavior highly accessible. However, while opening exciting new avenues for research, the rapid expansion in fiber photometry applications has occurred without coordination or consensus on best practices. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide to help end-users execute, analyze, and suitably interpret fiber photometry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor H Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Akam
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Marta Blanco-Pozo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lauren M Burgeno
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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El Hady A, Takahashi D, Sun R, Akinwale O, Boyd-Meredith T, Zhang Y, Charles AS, Brody CD. Chronic brain functional ultrasound imaging in freely moving rodents performing cognitive tasks. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 403:110033. [PMID: 38056633 PMCID: PMC10872377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) is an emerging imaging technique that indirectly measures neural activity via changes in blood volume. Chronic fUS imaging during cognitive tasks in freely moving animals faces multiple exceptional challenges: performing large durable craniotomies with chronic implants, designing behavioral experiments matching the hemodynamic timescale, stabilizing the ultrasound probe during freely moving behavior, accurately assessing motion artifacts, and validating that the animal can perform cognitive tasks while tethered. NEW METHOD We provide validated solutions for those technical challenges. In addition, we present standardized step-by-step reproducible protocols, procedures, and data processing pipelines. Finally, we present proof-of-concept analysis of brain dynamics during a decision making task. RESULTS We obtain stable recordings from which we can robustly decode task variables from fUS data over multiple months. Moreover, we find that brain wide imaging through hemodynamic response is nonlinearly related to cognitive variables, such as task difficulty, as compared to sensory responses previously explored. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Computational pipelines in fUS are nascent and we present an initial development of a full processing pathway to correct and segment fUS data. CONCLUSIONS Our methods provide stable imaging and analysis of behavior with fUS that will enable new experimental paradigms in understanding brain-wide dynamics in naturalistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Hady
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States; Center for advanced study of collective behavior, University of Konstanz, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel Takahashi
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ruolan Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Oluwateniola Akinwale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Tyler Boyd-Meredith
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Yisi Zhang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Adam S Charles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States; Mathematical Institute for Data Science, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute & Center for Imaging Science, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Carlos D Brody
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States.
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24
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Wu J, Chen Y, Veeraraghavan A, Seidemann E, Robinson JT. Mesoscopic calcium imaging in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate using a lensless microscope. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1271. [PMID: 38341403 PMCID: PMC10858944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesoscopic calcium imaging enables studies of cell-type specific neural activity over large areas. A growing body of literature suggests that neural activity can be different when animals are free to move compared to when they are restrained. Unfortunately, existing systems for imaging calcium dynamics over large areas in non-human primates (NHPs) are table-top devices that require restraint of the animal's head. Here, we demonstrate an imaging device capable of imaging mesoscale calcium activity in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate. We successfully miniaturize our system by replacing lenses with an optical mask and computational algorithms. The resulting lensless microscope can fit comfortably on an NHP, allowing its head to move freely while imaging. We are able to measure orientation columns maps over a 20 mm2 field-of-view in a head-unrestrained macaque. Our work establishes mesoscopic imaging using a lensless microscope as a powerful approach for studying neural activity under more naturalistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ashok Veeraraghavan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Eyal Seidemann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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25
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Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Knudstrup SG, Martinez C, Rauscher BC, Doran PR, Fomin-Thunemann N, Kilic K, Jiang J, Devor A, Thunemann M, Gavornik JP. Visual stimulation drives retinotopic acetylcholine release in the mouse visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.04.578821. [PMID: 38352456 PMCID: PMC10862925 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.04.578821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling is involved with a variety of brain functions including learning and memory, attention, and behavioral state modulation. The spatiotemporal characteristics of neocortical acetylcholine (ACh) release in response to sensory inputs are poorly understood, but a lack of intra-region topographic organization of cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain has suggested diffuse release patterns and volume transmission. Here, we use mesoscopic imaging of fluorescent ACh sensors to show that visual stimulation results in ACh release patterns that conform to a retinotopic map of visual space in the mouse primary visual cortex, suggesting new modes of functional cholinergic signaling in cortical circuits.x.
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27
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Bottom-Tanzer S, Corella S, Meyer J, Sommer M, Bolaños L, Murphy T, Quiñones S, Heiney S, Shtrahman M, Whalen M, Oren R, Higley MJ, Cardin JA, Noubary F, Armbruster M, Dulla C. Traumatic brain injury disrupts state-dependent functional cortical connectivity in a mouse model. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae038. [PMID: 38365273 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young people and can cause cognitive and motor dysfunction and disruptions in functional connectivity between brain regions. In human TBI patients and rodent models of TBI, functional connectivity is decreased after injury. Recovery of connectivity after TBI is associated with improved cognition and memory, suggesting an important link between connectivity and functional outcome. We examined widespread alterations in functional connectivity following TBI using simultaneous widefield mesoscale GCaMP7c calcium imaging and electrocorticography (ECoG) in mice injured using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI. Combining CCI with widefield cortical imaging provides us with unprecedented access to characterize network connectivity changes throughout the entire injured cortex over time. Our data demonstrate that CCI profoundly disrupts functional connectivity immediately after injury, followed by partial recovery over 3 weeks. Examining discrete periods of locomotion and stillness reveals that CCI alters functional connectivity and reduces theta power only during periods of behavioral stillness. Together, these findings demonstrate that TBI causes dynamic, behavioral state-dependent changes in functional connectivity and ECoG activity across the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bottom-Tanzer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- MD/PhD Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Sofia Corella
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- MD/PhD Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jochen Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mary Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Luis Bolaños
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Timothy Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sadi Quiñones
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Shane Heiney
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Matthew Shtrahman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Michael Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Rachel Oren
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Michael J Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Moritz Armbruster
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Chris Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
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28
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Zhong X, Liang Y, Wang X, Lan H, Bai X, Jin L, Guan BO. Free-moving-state microscopic imaging of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics with a photoacoustic fiberscope. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 38163847 PMCID: PMC10758391 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We report the development of a head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for cerebral imaging in a freely behaving mouse. The 4.5-gram imaging probe has a 9-µm lateral resolution and 0.2-Hz frame rate over a 1.2-mm wide area. The probe can continuously monitor cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic responses at single-vessel resolution, showing significantly different cerebrovascular responses to external stimuli under anesthesia and in the freely moving state. For example, when subjected to high-concentration CO2 respiration, enhanced oxygenation to compensate for hypercapnia can be visualized due to cerebral regulation in the freely moving state. Comparative studies exhibit significantly weakened compensation capabilities in obese rodents. This new imaging modality can be used for investigating both normal and pathological cerebrovascular functions and shows great promise for studying cerebral activity, disorders and their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yizhi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Haoying Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Long Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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29
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Suematsu N, Vazquez AL, Kozai TD. Activation and depression of neural and hemodynamic responses induced by the intracortical microstimulation and visual stimulation in the mouse visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.01.573814. [PMID: 38260671 PMCID: PMC10802282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.01.573814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Objective . Intracortical microstimulation can be an effective method for restoring sensory perception in contemporary brain-machine interfaces. However, the mechanisms underlying better control of neuronal responses remain poorly understood, as well as the relationship between neuronal activity and other concomitant phenomena occurring around the stimulation site. Approach . Different microstimulation frequencies were investigated in vivo on Thy1-GCaMP6s mice using widefield and two-photon imaging to evaluate the evoked excitatory neural responses across multiple spatial scales as well as the induced hemodynamic responses. Specifically, we quantified stimulation-induced neuronal activation and depression in the mouse visual cortex and measured hemodynamic oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin signals using mesoscopic-scale widefield imaging. Main results . Our calcium imaging findings revealed a preference for lower-frequency stimulation in driving stronger neuronal activation. A depressive response following the neural activation preferred a slightly higher frequency stimulation compared to the activation. Hemodynamic signals exhibited a comparable spatial spread to neural calcium signals. Oxyhemoglobin concentration around the stimulation site remained elevated during the post-activation (depression) period. Somatic and neuropil calcium responses measured by two-photon microscopy showed similar dependence on stimulation parameters, although the magnitudes measured in soma was greater than in neuropil. Furthermore, higher-frequency stimulation induced a more pronounced activation in soma compared to neuropil, while depression was predominantly induced in soma irrespective of stimulation frequencies. Significance . These results suggest that the mechanism underlying depression differs from activation, requiring ample oxygen supply, and affecting neurons. Our findings provide a novel understanding of evoked excitatory neuronal activity induced by intracortical microstimulation and offer insights into neuro-devices that utilize both activation and depression phenomena to achieve desired neural responses.
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30
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Benisty H, Barson D, Moberly AH, Lohani S, Tang L, Coifman RR, Crair MC, Mishne G, Cardin JA, Higley MJ. Rapid fluctuations in functional connectivity of cortical networks encode spontaneous behavior. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:148-158. [PMID: 38036743 PMCID: PMC11316935 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Experimental work across species has demonstrated that spontaneously generated behaviors are robustly coupled to variations in neural activity within the cerebral cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data suggest that temporal correlations in cortical networks vary across distinct behavioral states, providing for the dynamic reorganization of patterned activity. However, these data generally lack the temporal resolution to establish links between cortical signals and the continuously varying fluctuations in spontaneous behavior observed in awake animals. Here, we used wide-field mesoscopic calcium imaging to monitor cortical dynamics in awake mice and developed an approach to quantify rapidly time-varying functional connectivity. We show that spontaneous behaviors are represented by fast changes in both the magnitude and correlational structure of cortical network activity. Combining mesoscopic imaging with simultaneous cellular-resolution two-photon microscopy demonstrated that correlations among neighboring neurons and between local and large-scale networks also encode behavior. Finally, the dynamic functional connectivity of mesoscale signals revealed subnetworks not predicted by traditional anatomical atlas-based parcellation of the cortex. These results provide new insights into how behavioral information is represented across the neocortex and demonstrate an analytical framework for investigating time-varying functional connectivity in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Benisty
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Barson
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew H Moberly
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sweyta Lohani
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lan Tang
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald R Coifman
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gal Mishne
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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31
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Choi T, Koo M, Joo J, Kim T, Shon YM, Park J. Bidirectional Neuronal Control of Epileptiform Activity by Repetitive Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302404. [PMID: 37997163 PMCID: PMC10787102 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive stimulation procedures are used in neuromodulation techniques to induce persistent excitatory or inhibitory brain activity. The directivity of modulation is empirically regulated by modifying the stimulation length, interval, and strength. However, bidirectional neuronal modulations using ultrasound stimulations are rarely reported. This study presents bidirectional control of epileptiform activities with repetitive transcranial-focused ultrasound stimulations in a rat model of drug-induced acute epilepsy. It is found that repeated transmission of elongated (40 s), ultra-low pressure (0.25 MPa) ultrasound can fully suppress epileptic activities in electro-encephalography and cerebral blood volume measurements, while the change in bursting intervals from 40 to 20 s worsens epileptic activities even with the same burst length. Furthermore, the suppression induced by 40 s long bursts is transformed to excitatory states by a subsequent transmission. Bidirectional modulation of epileptic seizures with repeated ultrasound stimulation is achieved by regulating the changes in glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric acid levels, as confirmed by measurements of expressed c-Fos and GAD65 and multitemporal analysis of neurotransmitters in the interstitial fluid obtained via microdialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Choi
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Minseok Koo
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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32
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Jose A, Cheung PY, Laouby Z, Vanholsbeeck F, Cheyne JE. Low-cost reversible tandem lens mesoscope for brain imaging in rodents. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:014306. [PMID: 38464865 PMCID: PMC10924044 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance The development of imaging systems that are cost-efficient and modular is essential for modern neuroscience research. Aim In the current study, we designed, developed, and characterized a low-cost reversible tandem lens mesoscope for brain imaging in rodents. Approach Using readily available components, we assembled a robust imaging system that is highly efficient and cost-effective. We developed a mesoscope that offers high-resolution structural and functional imaging with cost-effective lenses and CMOS camera. Results The reversible tandem lens configuration of the mesoscope offers two fields of view (FOVs), which can be achieved by swapping the objective and imaging lenses. The large FOV configuration of 12.6 × 10.5 mm provides a spatial resolution up to 4.92 μ m , and the small FOV configuration of 6 × 5 mm provides a resolution of up to 2.46 μ m . We demonstrate the efficiency of our system for imaging neuronal calcium activity in both rat and mouse brains in vivo. Conclusions The careful selection of the mesoscope components ensured its compactness, portability, and versatility, meaning that different types of samples and sample holders can be easily accommodated, enabling a range of different experiments both in vivo and in vitro. The custom-built reversible FOV mesoscope is cost-effective and was developed for under US$10,000 with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashly Jose
- University of Auckland, Department of Physics, Auckland, New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies (DWC), Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Pang Ying Cheung
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies (DWC), Dunedin, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Department of Physiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zahra Laouby
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies (DWC), Dunedin, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Department of Physiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- University of Auckland, Department of Physics, Auckland, New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies (DWC), Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Juliette E. Cheyne
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies (DWC), Dunedin, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Department of Physiology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Raut RV, Rosenthal ZP, Wang X, Miao H, Zhang Z, Lee JM, Raichle ME, Bauer AQ, Brunton SL, Brunton BW, Kutz JN. Arousal as a universal embedding for spatiotemporal brain dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.06.565918. [PMID: 38187528 PMCID: PMC10769245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neural activity in awake organisms shows widespread and spatiotemporally diverse correlations with behavioral and physiological measurements. We propose that this covariation reflects in part the dynamics of a unified, arousal-related process that regulates brain-wide physiology on the timescale of seconds. Taken together with theoretical foundations in dynamical systems, this interpretation leads us to a surprising prediction: that a single, scalar measurement of arousal (e.g., pupil diameter) should suffice to reconstruct the continuous evolution of multimodal, spatiotemporal measurements of large-scale brain physiology. To test this hypothesis, we perform multimodal, cortex-wide optical imaging and behavioral monitoring in awake mice. We demonstrate that spatiotemporal measurements of neuronal calcium, metabolism, and blood-oxygen can be accurately and parsimoniously modeled from a low-dimensional state-space reconstructed from the time history of pupil diameter. Extending this framework to behavioral and electrophysiological measurements from the Allen Brain Observatory, we demonstrate the ability to integrate diverse experimental data into a unified generative model via mappings from an intrinsic arousal manifold. Our results support the hypothesis that spontaneous, spatially structured fluctuations in brain-wide physiology-widely interpreted to reflect regionally-specific neural communication-are in large part reflections of an arousal-related process. This enriched view of arousal dynamics has broad implications for interpreting observations of brain, body, and behavior as measured across modalities, contexts, and scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V. Raut
- Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary P. Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hanyang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhanqi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam Q. Bauer
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Brunton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - J. Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Michelson NJ, Bolaños F, Bolaños LA, Balbi M, LeDue JM, Murphy TH. Meso-Py: Dual Brain Cortical Calcium Imaging in Mice during Head-Fixed Social Stimulus Presentation. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0096-23.2023. [PMID: 38053472 PMCID: PMC10731520 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0096-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a cost-effective, compact foot-print, and open-source Raspberry Pi-based widefield imaging system. The compact nature allows the system to be used for close-proximity dual-brain cortical mesoscale functional-imaging to simultaneously observe activity in two head-fixed animals in a staged social touch-like interaction. We provide all schematics, code, and protocols for a rail system where head-fixed mice are brought together to a distance where the macrovibrissae of each mouse make contact. Cortical neuronal functional signals (GCaMP6s; genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor) were recorded from both mice simultaneously before, during, and after the social contact period. When the mice were together, we observed bouts of mutual whisking and cross-mouse correlated cortical activity across the cortex. Correlations were not observed in trial-shuffled mouse pairs, suggesting that correlated activity was specific to individual interactions. Whisking-related cortical signals were observed during the period where mice were together (closest contact). The effects of social stimulus presentation extend outside of regions associated with mutual touch and have global synchronizing effects on cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Federico Bolaños
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Luis A Bolaños
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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LaSarge CL, McCoy C, Namboodiri DV, Hartings JA, Danzer SC, Batie MR, Skoch J. Spatial and Temporal Comparisons of Calcium Channel and Intrinsic Signal Imaging During in Vivo Cortical Spreading Depolarizations in Healthy and Hypoxic Brains. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:655-668. [PMID: 36539593 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spreading depolarizations (SDs) can be viewed at a cellular level using calcium imaging (CI), but this approach is limited to laboratory applications and animal experiments. Optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISI), on the other hand, is amenable to clinical use and allows viewing of large cortical areas without contrast agents. A better understanding of the behavior of OISI-observed SDs under different brain conditions is needed. METHODS We performed simultaneous calcium and OISI of SDs in GCaMP6f mice. SDs propagate through the cortex as a pathological wave and trigger a neurovascular response that can be imaged with both techniques. We imaged both mechanically stimulated SDs (sSDs) in healthy brains and terminal SDs (tSDs) induced by system hypoxia and cardiopulmonary failure. RESULTS We observed a lag in the detection of SDs in the OISI channels compared with CI. sSDs had a faster velocity than tSDs, and tSDs had a greater initial velocity for the first 400 µm when observed with CI compared with OISI. However, both imaging methods revealed similar characteristics, including a decrease in the sSD (but not tSD) velocities as the wave moved away from the site of initial detection. CI and OISI also showed similar spatial propagation of the SD throughout the image field. Importantly, only OISI allowed regional ischemia to be detected before tSDs occurred. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, data indicate that monitoring either neural activity or intrinsic signals with high-resolution optical imaging can be useful to assess SDs, but OISI may be a clinically applicable way to predict, and therefore possibly mitigate, hypoxic-ischemic tSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candi L LaSarge
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carlie McCoy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Devi V Namboodiri
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jed A Hartings
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Batie
- Clinical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jesse Skoch
- Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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36
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Li R, Ohki K, Matsui T. Ketamine-induced 1-Hz oscillation of spontaneous neural activity is not directly visible in the hemodynamics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:102-108. [PMID: 37625269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which resting-state hemodynamics reflects the underlying neural activity is still under debate. Especially in the delta frequency band (0.5-4 Hz), it is unclear whether the hemodynamics can directly track the dynamics of underlying neural activity. Based on a recent report showing that ketamine administration induced a 1-Hz neural activity oscillation in the retrosplenial cortex, we conducted simultaneous recordings of the calcium signal and hemodynamics in mice and examined whether the hemodynamics tracked the oscillatory neural activity. Although we observed that the oscillation induced by ketamine appeared in the calcium signal, no sign of oscillation was detected in the simultaneously recorded hemodynamics. Consistently, there was a notable decrease in the correlation between simultaneously recorded calcium signal and hemodynamics. However, on a much longer time scale (10-60 min), we unexpectedly observed an ultraslow increase of hemodynamic signals specifically in the same cortical region exhibiting the neural activity oscillation. These results indicated that hemodynamics cannot track the 1-Hz oscillation in neural activity, although the presence of neural activity oscillation was detectable on a longer timescale. Such ultraslow hemodynamics may be useful for detecting abnormal neural activity induced by psychotic drugs or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Li
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Teppei Matsui
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
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37
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Lu X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Gou Y, Jaeger D, St-Pierre F. Widefield imaging of rapid pan-cortical voltage dynamics with an indicator evolved for one-photon microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6423. [PMID: 37828037 PMCID: PMC10570354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Widefield imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) is a promising approach for understanding the role of large cortical networks in the neural coding of behavior. However, the limited performance of current GEVIs restricts their deployment for single-trial imaging of rapid neuronal voltage dynamics. Here, we developed a high-throughput platform to screen for GEVIs that combine fast kinetics with high brightness, sensitivity, and photostability under widefield one-photon illumination. Rounds of directed evolution produced JEDI-1P, a green-emitting fluorescent indicator with enhanced performance across all metrics. Next, we optimized a neonatal intracerebroventricular delivery method to achieve cost-effective and wide-spread JEDI-1P expression in mice. We also developed an approach to correct optical measurements from hemodynamic and motion artifacts effectively. Finally, we achieved stable brain-wide voltage imaging and successfully tracked gamma-frequency whisker and visual stimulations in awake mice in single trials, opening the door to investigating the role of high-frequency signals in brain computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yunmiao Wang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhuohe Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yueyang Gou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dieter Jaeger
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - François St-Pierre
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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38
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Munting LP, Bonnar O, Kozberg MG, Auger CA, Hirschler L, Hou SS, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, van Veluw SJ. Spontaneous vasomotion propagates along pial arterioles in the awake mouse brain like stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1752-1763. [PMID: 36655606 PMCID: PMC10581232 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231152550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensory stimulation evokes a local, vasodilation-mediated blood flow increase to the activated brain region, which is referred to as functional hyperemia. Spontaneous vasomotion is a change in arteriolar diameter that occurs without sensory stimulation, at low frequency (∼0.1 Hz). These vessel diameter changes are a driving force for perivascular soluble waste clearance, the failure of which has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity is known to propagate along penetrating arterioles to pial arterioles, but it is unclear whether spontaneous vasomotion propagates similarly. We therefore imaged both stimulus-evoked and spontaneous changes in pial arteriole diameter in awake, head-fixed mice with 2-photon microscopy. By cross-correlating different regions of interest (ROIs) along the length of imaged arterioles, we assessed vasomotion propagation. We found that both during rest and during visual stimulation, one-third of the arterioles showed significant propagation (i.e., a wave), with a median (interquartile range) wave speed of 405 (323) µm/s at rest and 345 (177) µm/s during stimulation. In a second group of mice, with GCaMP expression in their vascular smooth muscle cells, we also found spontaneous propagation of calcium signaling along pial arterioles. In summary, we demonstrate that spontaneous vasomotion propagates along pial arterioles like stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P Munting
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Orla Bonnar
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Mariel G Kozberg
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corinne A Auger
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven S Hou
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Wijethilake N, Anandakumar M, Zheng C, So PTC, Yildirim M, Wadduwage DN. DEEP-squared: deep learning powered De-scattering with Excitation Patterning. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:228. [PMID: 37704619 PMCID: PMC10499829 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Limited throughput is a key challenge in in vivo deep tissue imaging using nonlinear optical microscopy. Point scanning multiphoton microscopy, the current gold standard, is slow especially compared to the widefield imaging modalities used for optically cleared or thin specimens. We recently introduced "De-scattering with Excitation Patterning" or "DEEP" as a widefield alternative to point-scanning geometries. Using patterned multiphoton excitation, DEEP encodes spatial information inside tissue before scattering. However, to de-scatter at typical depths, hundreds of such patterned excitations were needed. In this work, we present DEEP2, a deep learning-based model that can de-scatter images from just tens of patterned excitations instead of hundreds. Consequently, we improve DEEP's throughput by almost an order of magnitude. We demonstrate our method in multiple numerical and experimental imaging studies, including in vivo cortical vasculature imaging up to 4 scattering lengths deep in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodini Wijethilake
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Mithunjha Anandakumar
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dushan N Wadduwage
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Wang Y, Lowerison MR, You Q, Lin BZ, Llano DA, Song P. Longitudinal Awake Imaging of Deep Mouse Brain Microvasculature with Super-resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555789. [PMID: 37732191 PMCID: PMC10508721 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) is an emerging imaging modality that resolves capillary-scale microvasculature in deep tissues. However, existing preclinical ULM applications are largely constrained to anesthetized animals, introducing confounding vascular effects such as vasodilation and altered hemodynamics. As such, ULM quantifications (e.g., vessel diameter, density, and flow velocity) may be confounded by the use of anesthesia, undermining the usefulness of ULM in practice. Here we introduce a method to address this limitation and achieve ULM imaging in awake mouse brain. Pupillary monitoring was used to confirm the awake state during ULM imaging. ULM revealed that veins showed a greater degree of vascularity reduction from anesthesia to awake states than did arteries. The reduction was most significant in the midbrain and least significant in the cortex. ULM also revealed a significant reduction in venous blood flow velocity across different brain regions under awake conditions. Serial in vivo imaging of the same animal brain at weekly intervals demonstrated the highly robust longitudinal imaging capability of the proposed technique. This is the first study demonstrating longitudinal ULM imaging in the awake mouse brain, which is essential for many ULM brain applications that require awake and behaving animals.
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41
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Bakker ME, Djerourou I, Belanger S, Lesage F, Vanni MP. Alteration of functional connectivity despite preserved cerebral oxygenation during acute hypoxia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13269. [PMID: 37582847 PMCID: PMC10427674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state networks (RSN), which show the connectivity in the brain in the absence of any stimuli, are increasingly important to assess brain function. Here, we investigate the changes in RSN as well as the hemodynamic changes during acute, global hypoxia. Mice were imaged at different levels of oxygen (21, 12, 10 and 8%) over the course of 10 weeks, with hypoxia and normoxia acquisitions interspersed. Simultaneous GCaMP and intrinsic optical imaging allowed tracking of both neuronal and hemodynamic changes. During hypoxic conditions, we found a global increase of both HbO and HbR in the brain. The saturation levels of blood dropped after the onset of hypoxia, but surprisingly climbed back to levels similar to baseline within the 10-min hypoxia period. Neuronal activity also showed a peak at the onset of hypoxia, but dropped back to baseline as well. Despite regaining baseline sO2 levels, changes in neuronal RSN were observed. In particular, the connectivity as measured with GCaMP between anterior and posterior parts of the brain decreased. In contrast, when looking at these same connections with HbO measurements, an increase in connectivity in anterior-posterior brain areas was observed suggesting a potential neurovascular decoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen E Bakker
- École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, 2500 Chem. De Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Ismaël Djerourou
- École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, 2500 Chem. De Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Lesage
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Matthieu P Vanni
- École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, 2500 Chem. De Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Guillamón-Vivancos T, Vandael D, Torres D, López-Bendito G, Martini FJ. Mesoscale calcium imaging in vivo: evolution and contribution to developmental neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1210199. [PMID: 37592948 PMCID: PMC10427507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging is commonly used to visualize neural activity in vivo. In particular, mesoscale calcium imaging provides large fields of view, allowing for the simultaneous interrogation of neuron ensembles across the neuraxis. In the field of Developmental Neuroscience, mesoscopic imaging has recently yielded intriguing results that have shed new light on the ontogenesis of neural circuits from the first stages of life. We summarize here the technical approaches, basic notions for data analysis and the main findings provided by this technique in the last few years, with a focus on brain development in mouse models. As new tools develop to optimize calcium imaging in vivo, basic principles of neural development should be revised from a mesoscale perspective, that is, taking into account widespread activation of neuronal ensembles across the brain. In the future, combining mesoscale imaging of the dorsal surface of the brain with imaging of deep structures would ensure a more complete understanding of the construction of circuits. Moreover, the combination of mesoscale calcium imaging with other tools, like electrophysiology or high-resolution microscopy, will make up for the spatial and temporal limitations of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Guillamón-Vivancos
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco J. Martini
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
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43
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Gheres KW, Ünsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:738. [PMID: 37460780 PMCID: PMC10352318 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drive vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Gheres
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hayreddin S Ünsal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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44
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Ren Y, Senarathna J, Chu X, Grayson WL, Pathak AP. Vascular-centric mapping of in vivo blood oxygen saturation in preclinical models. Microvasc Res 2023; 148:104518. [PMID: 36894024 PMCID: PMC10272081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Assessing intravascular blood oxygen saturation (SO2) is crucial for characterizing in vivo microenvironmental changes in preclinical models of injury and disease. However, most conventional optical imaging techniques for mapping in vivo SO2 assume or compute a single value of the optical path-length in tissue. This is especially detrimental when mapping in vivo SO2 in experimental disease or wound healing models that are characterized by vascular and tissue remodeling. Therefore, to circumvent this limitation we developed an in vivo SO2 mapping technique that utilizes hemoglobin-based intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging combined with a vascular-centric estimation of optical path-lengths. In vivo arterial and venous SO2 distributions derived with this approach closely matched those reported in the literature, while those derived using the single path-length (i.e. conventional) approach did not. Moreover, in vivo cerebrovascular SO2 strongly correlated (R2 > 0.7) with changes in systemic SO2 measured with a pulse oximeter during hypoxia and hyperoxia paradigms. Finally, in a calvarial bone healing model, in vivo SO2 assessed over four weeks was spatiotemporally correlated with angiogenesis and osteogenesis (R2 > 0.6). During the early stages of bone healing (i.e. day 10), angiogenic vessels surrounding the calvarial defect exhibited mean SO2 that was elevated by10 % (p < 0.05) relative to that observed at a later stage (i.e., day 26), indicative of their role in osteogenesis. These correlations were not evident with the conventional SO2 mapping approach. The feasibility of our wide field-of-view in vivo SO2 mapping approach illustrates its potential for characterizing the microvascular environment in applications ranging from tissue engineering to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Ren
- Depts. of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaka Senarathna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinying Chu
- Depts. of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Depts. of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Depts. of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- Depts. of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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45
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Bernard R, Valverde Salzmann M, Scheffler K, Pohmann R. Concurrent intrinsic optical imaging and fMRI at ultra-high field using magnetic field proof optical components. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4909. [PMID: 36669650 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic optical imaging (IOI) is a well established technique to quantify activation-related hemodynamical changes at the surface of the brain, which can be used to investigate the underlying processes of BOLD signal formation. To directly and quantitatively relate IOI and fMRI, simultaneous measurements with the two modalities are necessary. Here, a novel technical solution for a completely in-bore setup is presented, which uses only magnetic field proof components and thus allows concurrent recordings with a quality similar to that obtained in separate experiments. Measurements of the somatosensory cortex of rats with electrical forepaw stimulation were used to verify this approach. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the fMRI data, which is possible due to the high magnetic field of 14.1 T, the use of a point-spread function-based distortion correction and optimized additional anatomical images, allowed accurate colocalization of the images of the two modalities. Accordingly, detailed investigations of the temporal and spatial relationships between the hemodynamic parameters and the fMRI signal, which demonstrate the linear dependence of the BOLD effect on changes in the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, are possible. Comparisons between the signals emerging from arterial, venous and parenchymal areas are possible and show clearly distinct characteristics. The presented setup allows combining MRI measurements and optical recordings without serious losses in the data quality of either modality. While the proposed combination of fMRI and IOI can help to gain valuable insight into the generation of the BOLD effect, the setup can be easily modified to include different types of optical or MRI measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bernard
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Scheffler
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Neuroimaging, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Shahsavarani S, Thibodeaux DN, Xu W, Kim SH, Lodgher F, Nwokeabia C, Cambareri M, Yagielski AJ, Zhao HT, Handwerker DA, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Bandettini PA, Hillman EMC. Cortex-wide neural dynamics predict behavioral states and provide a neural basis for resting-state dynamic functional connectivity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112527. [PMID: 37243588 PMCID: PMC10592480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have observed dynamically changing brain-wide networks of correlated activity, fMRI's dependence on hemodynamic signals makes results challenging to interpret. Meanwhile, emerging techniques for real-time recording of large populations of neurons have revealed compelling fluctuations in neuronal activity across the brain that are obscured by traditional trial averaging. To reconcile these observations, we use wide-field optical mapping to simultaneously record pan-cortical neuronal and hemodynamic activity in awake, spontaneously behaving mice. Some components of observed neuronal activity clearly represent sensory and motor function. However, particularly during quiet rest, strongly fluctuating patterns of activity across diverse brain regions contribute greatly to interregional correlations. Dynamic changes in these correlations coincide with changes in arousal state. Simultaneously acquired hemodynamics depict similar brain-state-dependent correlation shifts. These results support a neural basis for dynamic resting-state fMRI, while highlighting the importance of brain-wide neuronal fluctuations in the study of brain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shahsavarani
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David N Thibodeaux
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weihao Xu
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon H Kim
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatema Lodgher
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chinwendu Nwokeabia
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Cambareri
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis J Yagielski
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Castillo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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47
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Holstein-Rønsbo S, Gan Y, Giannetto MJ, Rasmussen MK, Sigurdsson B, Beinlich FRM, Rose L, Untiet V, Hablitz LM, Kelley DH, Nedergaard M. Glymphatic influx and clearance are accelerated by neurovascular coupling. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1042-1053. [PMID: 37264158 PMCID: PMC10500159 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional hyperemia, also known as neurovascular coupling, is a phenomenon that occurs when neural activity increases local cerebral blood flow. Because all biological activity produces metabolic waste, we here sought to investigate the relationship between functional hyperemia and waste clearance via the glymphatic system. The analysis showed that whisker stimulation increased both glymphatic influx and clearance in the mouse somatosensory cortex with a 1.6-fold increase in periarterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx velocity in the activated hemisphere. Particle tracking velocimetry revealed a direct coupling between arterial dilation/constriction and periarterial CSF flow velocity. Optogenetic manipulation of vascular smooth muscle cells enhanced glymphatic influx in the absence of neural activation. We propose that impedance pumping allows arterial pulsatility to drive CSF in the same direction as blood flow, and we present a simulation that supports this idea. Thus, functional hyperemia boosts not only the supply of metabolites but also the removal of metabolic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiming Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Giannetto
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martin Kaag Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurdsson
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Untiet
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lauren M Hablitz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas H Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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48
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Bennett HC, Zhang Q, Wu YT, Chon U, Pi HJ, Drew PJ, Kim Y. Aging drives cerebrovascular network remodeling and functional changes in the mouse brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.541998. [PMID: 37305850 PMCID: PMC10257218 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.541998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, and commonly associated with compromised cerebrovasculature and pericytes. However, we do not know how normal aging differentially impacts the vascular structure and function in different brain areas. Here we utilize mesoscale microscopy methods (serial two-photon tomography and light sheet microscopy) and in vivo imaging (wide field optical spectroscopy and two-photon imaging) to determine detailed changes in aged cerebrovascular networks. Whole-brain vascular tracing showed an overall ~10% decrease in vascular length and branching density, and light sheet imaging with 3D immunolabeling revealed increased arteriole tortuosity in aged brains. Vasculature and pericyte densities showed significant reductions in the deep cortical layers, hippocampal network, and basal forebrain areas. Moreover, in vivo imaging in awake mice identified delays in neurovascular coupling and disrupted blood oxygenation. Collectively, we uncover regional vulnerabilities of cerebrovascular network and physiological changes that can mediate cognitive decline in normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Bennett
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Yuan-Ting Wu
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hyun-Jae Pi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Biology, and Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Lead contact
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49
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Weiser SC, Mullen BR, Ascencio D, Ackman JB. Data-driven segmentation of cortical calcium dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011085. [PMID: 37126531 PMCID: PMC10174627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Demixing signals in transcranial videos of neuronal calcium flux across the cerebral hemispheres is a key step before mapping features of cortical organization. Here we demonstrate that independent component analysis can optimally recover neural signal content in widefield recordings of neuronal cortical calcium dynamics captured at a minimum sampling rate of 1.5×106 pixels per one-hundred millisecond frame for seventeen minutes with a magnification ratio of 1:1. We show that a set of spatial and temporal metrics obtained from the components can be used to build a random forest classifier, which separates neural activity and artifact components automatically at human performance. Using this data, we establish functional segmentation of the mouse cortex to provide a map of ~115 domains per hemisphere, in which extracted time courses maximally represent the underlying signal in each recording. Domain maps revealed substantial regional motifs, with higher order cortical regions presenting large, eccentric domains compared with smaller, more circular ones in primary sensory areas. This workflow of data-driven video decomposition and machine classification of signal sources can greatly enhance high quality mapping of complex cerebral dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney C. Weiser
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Mullen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Desiderio Ascencio
- Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - James B. Ackman
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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50
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Sugimoto K, Yang J, Fischer P, Takizawa T, Mulder I, Qin T, Erdogan TD, Yaseen MA, Sakadžić S, Chung DY, Ayata C. Optogenetic Spreading Depolarizations Do Not Worsen Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcome. Stroke 2023; 54:1110-1119. [PMID: 36876481 PMCID: PMC10050120 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are believed to contribute to injury progression and worsen outcomes in focal cerebral ischemia because exogenously induced SDs have been associated with enlarged infarct volumes. However, previous studies used highly invasive methods to trigger SDs that can directly cause tissue injury (eg, topical KCl) and confound the interpretation. Here, we tested whether SDs indeed enlarge infarcts when induced via a novel, noninjurious method using optogenetics. METHODS Using transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in neurons (Thy1-ChR2-YFP), we induced 8 optogenetic SDs to trigger SDs noninvasively at a remote cortical location in a noninjurious manner during 1-hour distal microvascular clip or proximal an endovascular filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Laser speckle imaging was used to monitor cerebral blood flow. Infarct volumes were then quantified at 24 or 48 hours. RESULTS Infarct volumes in the optogenetic SD arm did not differ from the control arm in either distal or proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion, despite a 6-fold and 4-fold higher number of SDs, respectively. Identical optogenetic illumination in wild-type mice did not affect the infarct volume. Full-field laser speckle imaging showed that optogenetic stimulation did not affect the perfusion in the peri-infarct cortex. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data show that SDs induced noninvasively using optogenetics do not worsen tissue outcomes. Our findings compel a careful reexamination of the notion that SDs are causally linked to infarct expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Sugimoto
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan
| | - Joanna Yang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Paul Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Inge Mulder
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Taylan D. Erdogan
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - David Y. Chung
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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