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Deng Y, Mou T, Wang J, Su J, Yan Y, Zhang YQ. Characterization of three rapidly growing novel Mycobacterium species with significant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation potential. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225746. [PMID: 37744919 PMCID: PMC10517868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium species exhibit high bioremediation potential for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are significant environmental pollutants. In this study, three Gram-positive, rapidly growing strains (YC-RL4T, MB418T, and HX176T) were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils and were classified as Mycobacterium within the family Mycobacteriaceae. Genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI; < 95%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; < 70%) values relative to other Mycobacterium spp. indicated that the strains represented novel species. The morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates also supported their affiliation with Mycobacterium and their delineation as novel species. The strains were identified as Mycobacterium adipatum sp. nov. (type strain YC-RL4T = CPCC 205684T = CGMCC 1.62027T), Mycobacterium deserti sp. nov. (type strain MB418T = CPCC 205710T = KCTC 49782T), and Mycobacterium hippophais sp. nov. (type strain HX176T = CPCC 205372T = KCTC 49413T). Genes encoding enzymes involved in PAH degradation and metal resistance were present in the genomes of all three strains. Specifically, genes encoding alpha subunits of aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases were encoded by the genomes. The genes were also identified as core genes in a pangenomic analysis of the three strains along with 70 phylogenetically related mycobacterial strains that were previously classified as Mycolicibacterium. Notably, strain YC-RL4T could not only utilize phthalates as their sole carbon source for growth, but also convert di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate into phthalic acid. These results indicated that strains YC-RL4T, MB418T, and HX176T were important resources with significant bioremediation potential in soils contaminated by PAHs and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Mou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, China
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Plant growth promoting soil microbiomes and their potential implications for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Siedlecka A, Wolf-Baca MJ, Piekarska K. Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistance in Tap Water Strains - Insight into the Resistance of Environmental Bacteria. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:57-67. [PMID: 33815527 PMCID: PMC8008766 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have been isolated from tap water worldwide, the knowledge of their resistance patterns is still scarce. Both horizontal and vertical gene transfer has been suggested to contribute to the resistance spread among tap water bacteria. In this study, ARB were isolated from finished water collected at two independent water treatment plants (WTPs) and tap water collected at several point-of-use taps during summer and winter sampling campaigns. A total of 24 strains were identified to genus or species level and subjected to antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility testing. The investigated tap water ARB belonged to phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. The majority of the isolates proved multidrug resistant and resistant to chemical disinfectant. Neither seasonal nor WTP-dependent variabilities in antibiotic or disinfectant resistance were found. Antibiotics most effective against the investigated isolates included imipenem, tetracyclines, erythromycin, and least effective – aztreonam, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and ceftazidime. The most resistant strains originate from Afipia sp. and Methylobacterium sp. Comparing resistance patterns of isolated tap water ARB with literature reports concerning the same genera or species confirms intra-genus or even intra-specific variabilities of environmental bacteria. Neither species-specific nor acquired resistance can be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Siedlecka
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirela J Wolf-Baca
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Siavashifar M, Rezaei F, Motallebirad T, Azadi D, Absalan A, Naserramezani Z, Golshani M, Jafarinia M, Ghaffari K. Species diversity and molecular analysis of opportunistic Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus isolated from the hospital environment in a developing country, a potential resources for nosocomial infection. Genes Environ 2021; 43:2. [PMID: 33509299 PMCID: PMC7844956 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital environmental resources have a significant role in cross-transmission of opportunistic pathogens such as actinomycetes species to the patients. Actinomycetes have a remarkable capability to survive in adverse and harsh conditions of hospital environments; therefore, they are a threat to the health of patients. Due to this issue, we aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of actinomycetes species in hospital soil, water and dust by using a combination of conventional and molecular methods including the phenotypic and biochemical tests for preliminary identification and the PCR amplification of the specific region of the 16S rRNA, hsp65 gene and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA for the genus and species identification. Results A total of 50 (35.2%) actinomycetes isolates from 7 genera were isolated from 142 hospital environmental samples. The three most prevalent species were M. setense 10%, R. erythropolis and M. fortuitum 8% followed by N.cyriacigeorgica and M. gordonae 6%, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. lentiflavum, M. mucogenicum, N. asteroides, N. farcinica, R. equi and L. shinushuensis 4% and the single isolates of M. conceptionense, M. septicum, N. rhamnosophilia, N. bravicatena, M. flavescens, M. arupense, M. doricum, M. frederiksbergense, S. heliomycini, S. albus, S. albogriseolus, R. facians, D. maris, G. terae and A. globiformis. Conclusions In conclusion we showed that the hospital environment is a potential reservoir for a broad range of actinomycetes species, due to the remarkable survival capability of these microorganisms in adverse hospital environment, carrying a threat to the health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Siavashifar
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Tahereh Motallebirad
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Abdorrahim Absalan
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Naserramezani
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Golshani
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Morteza Jafarinia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghaffari
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran
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Davarpanah M, Azadi D, Shojaei H. Prevalence and molecular characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in hospital soil and dust of a developing country, Iran. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 165:1306-1314. [PMID: 31613207 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence and diversity of mycobacteria that are capable of survival in a harsh and adverse condition, such as hospital environments, have not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to assess the frequency and diversity of mycobacteria in hospital soil and dust of a developing country using a combination of molecular and conventional methods. A total of 318 hospital dust and soil samples collected from 38 hospitals were analysed using standard protocols for characterization of mycobacteria. The conventional tests were used for preliminary identification and Runyon's classification, the PCR amplification of the hsp65 gene and sequence analyses of 16SrRNA were applied for genus and species identification. In total, 28 samples (8.8 %) were positive for mycobacteria. The isolates included 33 mycobacteria species including 19 rapidly growing and 14 slowly growing organisms. The most prevalent species were M. setense and M. lentiflavum, five isolates (15.1 %) each, M. fortuitum, four isolates (12.12 %) and M. kumamotonense and M. massiliense/abscessus complex three isolates (9.1 %) each, M. arupense and M. frederiksbergense, two isolates (6 %) each. The remaining isolates consisted the single strains of eight various mycobacterium species, the results of our study revealed that soil and dust in hospitals can be the reservoir of mycobacteria. This reaffirms the fact that these organisms due to intrinsic resistance can persist in hospitals and create a threat to patient's health, in particular to those who suffer from weakness of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Davarpanah
- Department of microbiology, school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of laboratory sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Hasan Shojaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mycobacteriosis in Farmed Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Caused By Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in Turkey. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Over the past decades, different mycobacteriosis agents have become important fish pathogens. The present study describes a different mycobacteriosis in farmed sea bream (Sparus aurata) caused by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in Turkey. Affected 15 fish, weighing 15 to 20 g, showed lethargy, stunted growth, pale skin, dorsal fin necrosis, and a significant level of mortality (40 %) in fish stocks. Internally, no multifocal white-colored granulomas in the visceral organs were observed. Inoculation of the visceral organs onto Löwenstein-Jensen medium and Tryptic Soy Agar (1.5% NaCl) slants produced only fast-growing (2-3 weeks), orange to yellow-colored, photochromogenic acid-fast colonies. Ziehl-Nielsen positive bacterial isolates were identified using a commercially available line probe assay (Genotype Mycobacterium CM/AS assay) and with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fifteen isolates were identified as Mycobacterium frederiksbergense. Histopathologically, epithelioid cell granulomas were not observed in any vicseral organs but acid-fast bacteria were detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, and heart tissue. This study shows that asystemic mycobacteriosis is observed in sea bream with high mortality.
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Ricaud K, Rey M, Plagnes-Juan E, Larroquet L, Even M, Quillet E, Skiba-Cassy S, Panserat S. Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Two Lines of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Divergently Selected for Muscle Fat Content. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:308-320. [PMID: 30288186 PMCID: PMC6142665 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, studies suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity in mammals. In rainbow trout, little is known about the role of intestinal microbiota in host physiology. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the link between intestinal microbiota and adiposity, by high-throughput 16S RNA gene based illumina Miseq sequencing in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for muscle lipid content. Fish from these two lines of rainbow trout are known to have a differing lipid metabolism. Methods Samples from the two lines (L for lean and F for fat) were collected from Midgut (M) and Hindgut (H) in juvenile fish (18 months) to compare intestinal microbiota diversity. Results Whatever the lines and intestinal localisation, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are the dominant phyla in the bacterial community of rainbow trout (at least 97%). The results indicate that richness and diversity indexes as well as bacterial composition are comparable between all groups even though 6 specific OTUs were identified in the intestinal microbiota of fish from the fat line and 2 OTUs were specific to the microbiota of fish from the lean line. Our work contributes to a better understanding in microbial diversity in intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout. Conclusion Altogether, our study indicates that no major modification of the intestinal microbiota is induced by selection for muscle lipid content and associated metabolic changes. Finally, we identified members of core microbiota in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Ricaud
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Mickael Rey
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Maxime Even
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- UMR 1313 INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
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Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium parafortuitum Strain P7335. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA00950-18. [PMID: 30533921 PMCID: PMC6256513 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00950-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium parafortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, initially isolated from soil in Japan. The 6,175,772-bp draft genome sequence of M. parafortuitum strain P7335 exhibits a G+C content of 68.4%, 5,783 protein-coding genes, and 66 predicted RNA genes, including 59 tRNA genes, 6 rRNA operons, and 1 transfer-messenger RNA. Mycobacterium parafortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, initially isolated from soil in Japan. The 6,175,772-bp draft genome sequence of M. parafortuitum strain P7335 exhibits a G+C content of 68.4%, 5,783 protein-coding genes, and 66 predicted RNA genes, including 59 tRNA genes, 6 rRNA operons, and 1 transfer-messenger RNA.
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Brzeszcz J, Kaszycki P. Aerobic bacteria degrading both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons: an undervalued strategy for metabolic diversity and flexibility. Biodegradation 2018; 29:359-407. [PMID: 29948519 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with petroleum toxic products has afflicted various ecosystems, causing devastating damage to natural habitats with serious economic implications. Some crude oil components may serve as growth substrates for microorganisms. A number of bacterial strains reveal metabolic capacities to biotransform various organic compounds. Some of the hydrocarbon degraders are highly biochemically specialized, while the others display a versatile metabolism and can utilize both saturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The extended catabolic profiles of the latter group have been subjected to systematic and complex studies relatively rarely thus far. Growing evidence shows that numerous bacteria produce broad biochemical activities towards different hydrocarbon types and such an enhanced metabolic potential can be found in many more species than the already well-known oil-degraders. These strains may play an important role in the removal of heterogeneous contamination. They are thus considered to be a promising solution in bioremediation applications. The main purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on aerobic bacteria involved in the mineralization or transformation of both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Variant scientific approaches enabling to evaluate these features on biochemical as well as genetic levels are presented. The distribution of multidegradative capabilities between bacterial taxa is systematically shown and the possibility of simultaneous transformation of complex hydrocarbon mixtures is discussed. Bioinformatic analysis of the currently available genetic data is employed to enable generation of phylogenetic relationships between environmental strain isolates belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. The study proves that the co-occurrence of genes responsible for concomitant metabolic bioconversion reactions of structurally-diverse hydrocarbons is not unique among various systematic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszcz
- Department of Microbiology, Oil and Gas Institute-National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kaszycki
- Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
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Gupta RS, Lo B, Son J. Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29497402 PMCID: PMC5819568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium contains 188 species including several major human pathogens as well as numerous other environmental species. We report here comprehensive phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses on 150 genomes of Mycobacterium species to understand their interrelationships. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the 150 species based on 1941 core proteins for the genus Mycobacterium, 136 core proteins for the phylum Actinobacteria and 8 other conserved proteins. Additionally, the overall genome similarity amongst the Mycobacterium species was determined based on average amino acid identity of the conserved protein families. The results from these analyses consistently support the existence of five distinct monophyletic groups within the genus Mycobacterium at the highest level, which are designated as the "Tuberculosis-Simiae," "Terrae," "Triviale," "Fortuitum-Vaccae," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades. Some of these clades have also been observed in earlier phylogenetic studies. Of these clades, the "Abscessus-Chelonae" clade forms the deepest branching lineage and does not form a monophyletic grouping with the "Fortuitum-Vaccae" clade of fast-growing species. In parallel, our comparative analyses of proteins from mycobacterial genomes have identified 172 molecular signatures in the form of conserved signature indels and conserved signature proteins, which are uniquely shared by either all Mycobacterium species or by members of the five identified clades. The identified molecular signatures (or synapomorphies) provide strong independent evidence for the monophyly of the genus Mycobacterium and the five described clades and they provide reliable means for the demarcation of these clades and for their diagnostics. Based on the results of our comprehensive phylogenomic analyses and numerous identified molecular signatures, which consistently and strongly support the division of known mycobacterial species into the five described clades, we propose here division of the genus Mycobacterium into an emended genus Mycobacterium encompassing the "Tuberculosis-Simiae" clade, which includes all of the major human pathogens, and four novel genera viz. Mycolicibacterium gen. nov., Mycolicibacter gen. nov., Mycolicibacillus gen. nov. and Mycobacteroides gen. nov. corresponding to the "Fortuitum-Vaccae," "Terrae," "Triviale," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades, respectively. With the division of mycobacterial species into these five distinct groups, attention can now be focused on unique genetic and molecular characteristics that differentiate members of these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey S. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, CA, Canada
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Bjerketorp J, Levenfors JJ, Sahlberg C, Nord CL, Andersson PF, Guss B, Öberg B, Broberg A. Antibacterial 3,6-Disubstituted 4-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones from Serratia plymuthica MF371-2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2997-3002. [PMID: 29083894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of culture extracts of Serratia plymuthica strain MF371-2 resulted in the isolation of two new antibacterial compounds with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus LMG 15975 (MRSA). A spectroscopic investigation, in combination with synthesis, enabled the characterization of the compounds as 3-butyryl-4-hydroxy-6-heptyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (plymuthipyranone A, 1) and 3-butyryl-4-hydroxy-6-nonyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (plymuthipyranone B, 2). The MIC values for 1 and 2 against S. aureus LMG 15975 were determined to be 1-2 μg mL-1 and 0.8 μg mL-1, respectively. Compound 2 was found to have potent activity against many strains of S. aureus, including several mupirocin-resistant strains, other species of Staphylococcus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Compound 2 was slightly cytotoxic for human cells, with CC50 values between 4.7 and 40 μg mL-1, but the CC50/MIC ratio was ≥10 for many tested combinations of human cells and bacteria, suggesting its possible use as an antibacterial agent. Several analogues were synthesized with different alkyl groups in the 3- and 6-positions (6-13), and their biological properties were evaluated. It was concluded that the activity of the compounds increased with the lengths of the alkyl and acyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Bjerketorp
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jolanta J Levenfors
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Christina L Nord
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pierre F Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Guss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7036, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Öberg
- Ultupharma AB , Södra Rudbecksgatan 13, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Metarhizium brunneum – An enzootic wireworm disease and evidence for its suppression by bacterial symbionts. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Azadi D, Shojaei H, Mobasherizadeh S, Naser AD. Screening, isolation and molecular identification of biodegrading mycobacteria from Iranian ecosystems and analysis of their biodegradation activity. AMB Express 2017; 7:180. [PMID: 28933031 PMCID: PMC5607059 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic origin pollutants including pesticides, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and industry chemicals impose many risks to human health and environment and bioremediation has been considered the strategy of choice to reduce the risk of hazardous chemicals. In the current study, we
aimed to screen and characterize mycobacteria from the diverse range of Iranian aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with harsh and unfavorable environmental conditions that can be utilized for biodegradation of target pollutants. Mycobacteria were isolated from a collection of 90 environmental samples and identified to the species level using conventional microbiological and molecular methods including the PCR amplification of hsp65 and sequence analysis of, 16S rRNA genetic markers. The growth rate of the isolates in presence of pollutants, chromatography, Gibbs and turbidometric methods were used to assess their biodegradation activity. A total of 39 mycobacterial isolates (43.3%) were recovered from 90 samples that belonged to 21 various species consisting of M. fortuitum; 6 isolates, M. flavescens and M. paragordonae; 4 isolates each, M. monacense, M. fredriksbergense and M. aurum; 2 isolates each, 7 single isolates of M. conceptionense, M. porcinum, M. simiae, M. celeriflavum, M. novocastrense, M. neoaurum, M. obuense and 12 isolates that belonged to 8 unknown potentially novel mycobacterial species. The isolates were categorized in three groups based on their bioremediation activity, i.e., 5 (12.8%) organisms without biodegradation activity, 20 (51.2%) organisms with previously reported biodegradation activity, and 14 (35.9%) organisms that showed biodegradation activity but not previously reported. Our results showed that the Iranian ecosystems harbor a good reservoir of diverse mycobacterial species with biodegrading potentiality for neutralizing environmental chemical pollutants.
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Wu CC, Bao LJ, Liu LY, Shi L, Tao S, Zeng EY. Impact of Polymer Colonization on the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10555-10561. [PMID: 28825800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pellets and microbes are important constitutes in sediment, but the significance of microbes colonizing on plastic pellets to the environmental fate and transport of organic contaminants has not been adequately recognized and assessed. To address this issue, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyoxymethylene (POM) and polypropylene (PP) slices were preloaded with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and incubated in abiotic and biotic sediment microcosms. Images from scanning electron microscope, Lysogeny Broth agar plates and confocal laser scanning microscope indicated that all polymer slices incubated in biotic sediments were colonized by microorganisms, particularly the LDPE slices. The occurrence of biofilms induced higher dissipation rates of DDTs and PAHs from the LDPE slice surfaces incubated in the biotic sediments than in the abiotic sediments. Plastic colonization on LDPE slice surfaces enhanced the biotransformation of DDT and some PAHs in both marine and river sediments, but had little impact on PCBs. By comparison, PP and POM with unique properties were shown to exert different impacts on the physical and microbial activities as compared to LDPE. These results clearly demonstrated that the significance of polymer surface affiliated microbes to the environmental fate and behavior of organic contaminants should be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chou Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
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Ottoni JR, Cabral L, de Sousa STP, Júnior GVL, Domingos DF, Soares Junior FL, da Silva MCP, Marcon J, Dias ACF, de Melo IS, de Souza AP, Andreote FD, de Oliveira VM. Functional metagenomics of oil-impacted mangrove sediments reveals high abundance of hydrolases of biotechnological interest. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:141. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Dykstra CM, Pavlostathis SG. Methanogenic Biocathode Microbial Community Development and the Role of Bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5306-5316. [PMID: 28368570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cathode microbial community of a methanogenic bioelectrochemical system (BES) is key to the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) with application to biogas upgrading. The objective of this study was to compare the performance and microbial community composition of a biocathode inoculated with a mixed methanogenic (MM) culture to a biocathode inoculated with an enriched hydrogenotrophic methanogenic (EHM) culture, developed from the MM culture following pre-enrichment with H2 and CO2 as the only externally supplied electron donor and carbon source, respectively. Using an adjacent Ag/AgCl reference electrode, biocathode potential was poised at -0.8 V (versus SHE) using a potentiostat, with the bioanode acting as the counter electrode. When normalized to cathode biofilm biomass, the methane production in the MM- and EHM-biocathode was 0.153 ± 0.010 and 0.586 ± 0.029 mmol CH4/mg biomass-day, respectively. This study showed that H2/CO2 pre-enriched inoculum enhanced biocathode CH4 production, although the archaeal communities in both biocathodes converged primarily (86-100%) on a phylotype closely related to Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus. The bacterial community of the MM-biocathode was similar to that of the MM inoculum but was enriched in Spirochaetes and other nonexoelectrogenic, fermentative Bacteria. In contrast, the EHM-biocathode bacterial community was enriched in Proteobacteria, exoelectrogens, and putative producers of electron shuttle mediators. Similar biomass levels were detected in the MM- and EHM-biocathodes. Thus, although the archaeal communities were similar in the two biocathodes, the difference in bacterial community composition was likely responsible for the 3.8-fold larger CH4 production rate observed in the EHM-biocathode. Roles for abundant OTUs identified in the biofilm and inoculum cultures were highlighted on the basis of previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Dykstra
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Spyros G Pavlostathis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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17
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Species diversity and molecular characterization of nontuberculous mycobacteria in hospital water system of a developing country, Iran. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:62-69. [PMID: 27616445 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital environment is of crucial importance in cross-transmission of opportunistic pathogens to the patients. Nontuberculous mycobacteria have the remarkable capability to withstand the adverse condition of hospital environments and pose a potential threat to the health of patients. The current study aimed to assess the frequency and diversity of mycobacteria in hospital water of a developing country using a combination of conventional and molecular methods. METHODS A total of 148 hospital water samples collected from 38 hospitals were analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria using standard protocols for isolation and characterization of the isolates. The conventional tests were used for preliminary identification and Runyon's classification, the PCR amplification of hsp65 gene and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA were applied for the genus and species identification. RESULTS A total of 71 [48%] isolates including 30 rapidly growing and 41 slowly growing mycobacteria were recovered. The three most prevalent species were M. lentiflavum, 28.2%, M. paragordonae, 21.1%, and M. fredriksbergense, 9.8%, followed by M. simiae and M. novocastrense, 7%, M. canariasense and M. cookii like, 5.6%, M. setense, 4.2%, M. fortuitum and M. gordonae, 2.8%, and the single isolates of M. austroafricanum, M. massiliense, M. obuense, and M. phocaicum like. CONCLUSION The results of our study show that the hospital water resources, drinking or non-drinking can be the reservoir of a diverse range of mycobacteria. This reaffirms the fact that these organisms due to intrinsic resistance to common antiseptic and disinfectant solutions persist in hospitals and create a threat to the patient's health and in particular to those that suffer from weakness of immunity.
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18
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Chen P, Zhang L, Guo X, Dai X, Liu L, Xi L, Wang J, Song L, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Huang L, Huang Y. Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1340. [PMID: 27621725 PMCID: PMC5002886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. The samples were collected at depths of 1662–4000 m below water surface. Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2–9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. Differences in actinobacterial community compositions were found among the samples. The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. In addition, 176 strains of the Actinobacteria class, belonging to 9 known orders, 18 families, and 29 genera, were isolated. Among these cultivated taxa, 8 orders, 13 families, and 15 genera were also recovered by pyrosequencing. At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Information Network Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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Kwak Y, Li QX, Shin JH. Draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium rufum JS14(T), a polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium from petroleum-contaminated soil in Hawaii. Stand Genomic Sci 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27486485 PMCID: PMC4969647 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-016-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium rufum JS14T (=ATCC BAA-1377T, CIP 109273T, JCM 16372T, DSM 45406T), a type strain of the species Mycobacterium rufum sp. . belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae, was isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil in Hilo (HI, USA) because it harbors the capability of degrading PAH. Here, we describe the first genome sequence of strain JS14T, with brief phenotypic characteristics. The genome is composed of 6,176,413 bp with 69.25 % G + C content and contains 5810 protein-coding genes with 54 RNA genes. The genome information on M. rufum JS14T will provide a better understanding of the complexity of bacterial catabolic pathways for degradation of specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kwak
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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20
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High mycobacterial diversity in recreational lakes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:619-31. [PMID: 26873594 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are natural inhabitants of freshwater ecosystems, few studies have focused on their distribution in these habitats. Thus, the knowledge about the abundance as well as the composition of NTM remains limited and patchy in these environments. In this context, a prospective study was performed to identify favourable habitats for mycobacteria in two recreational lakes. Mycobacterial density and diversity were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and the MiSeq Illumina platform. For both lakes, five compartments were investigated, i.e. water column, air-water interface, sediment, epilithon and epiphyton biofilms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were detected in all compartments in large densities and displayed a remarkable diversity. NTM were dominated by fast-growing species. Lakes and compartments appeared to shape mycobacteria assemblage composition as well as their densities. In both lakes, some OTUs assigned to the species level were identified as related to known opportunistic pathogens.
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21
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Acosta-González A, Martirani-von Abercron SM, Rosselló-Móra R, Wittich RM, Marqués S. The effect of oil spills on the bacterial diversity and catabolic function in coastal sediments: a case study on the Prestige oil spill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15200-14. [PMID: 25869434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accident of the Prestige oil tanker in 2002 contaminated approximately 900 km of the coastline along the northern Spanish shore, as well as parts of Portugal and France coast, with a mixture of heavy crude oil consisting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, asphaltenes and resins. The capacity of the autochthonous bacterial communities to respond to the oil spill was assessed indirectly by determining the hydrocarbon profiles of weathered oil samples collected along the shore, as well as through isotope ratios of seawater-dissolved CO2, and directly by analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints and 16S rRNA gene libraries. Overall, the results evidenced biodegradation of crude oil components mediated by natural bacterial communities, with a bias towards lighter and less substituted compounds. The changes observed in the Proteobacteria, the most abundant phylum in marine sediments, were related to the metabolic profiles of the sediment. The presence of crude oil in the supratidal and intertidal zones increased the abundance of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, dominated by the groups Sphingomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae and Chromatiales, whilst Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria were more relevant in subtidal zones. The phylum Actinobacteria, and particularly the genus Rhodococcus, was a key player in the microbial response to the spill, especially in the degradation of the alkane fraction. The addition of inorganic fertilizers enhanced total biodegradation rates, suggesting that, in these environments, nutrients were insufficient to support significant growth after the huge increase in carbon sources, as evidenced in other spills. The presence of bacterial communities able to respond to a massive oil input in this area was consistent with the important history of pollution of the region by crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Acosta-González
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Autopista Norte km 7, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Sophie-Marie Martirani-von Abercron
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramon Rosselló-Móra
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB, C/. Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Regina-Michaela Wittich
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia Marqués
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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De Tender CA, Devriese LI, Haegeman A, Maes S, Ruttink T, Dawyndt P. Bacterial Community Profiling of Plastic Litter in the Belgian Part of the North Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9629-9638. [PMID: 26204244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of marine plastic litter (MPL) is known for over four decades. Still, only a few studies on the plastic colonization process and its influencing factors are reported. In this study, seafloor MPL was sampled at different locations across the Belgian part of the North Sea to study bacterial community structure using 16S metabarcoding. These marine plastic bacterial communities were compared with those of sediment and seawater, and resin pellets sampled on the beach, to investigate the origin and uniqueness of plastic bacterial communities. Plastics display great variation of bacterial community composition, while each showed significant differences from those of sediment and seawater, indicating that plastics represent a distinct environmental niche. Various environmental factors correlate with the diversity of MPL bacterial composition across plastics. In addition, intrinsic plastic-related factors such as pigment content may contribute to the differences in bacterial colonization. Furthermore, the differential abundance of known primary and secondary colonizers across the various plastics may indicate different stages of bacterial colonization, and may confound comparisons of free-floating plastics. Our studies provide insights in the factors that shape plastic bacterial colonization and shed light on the possible role of plastic as transport vehicle for bacteria through the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A De Tender
- †Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
- ‡Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit - Crop Protection, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- §Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa I Devriese
- †Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- ‡Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit - Crop Protection, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- ∥Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit - Growth and Development, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Sara Maes
- †Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Tom Ruttink
- ∥Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit - Growth and Development, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Peter Dawyndt
- §Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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A catheter-related bloodstream infection with Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in an immunocompromised child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:445-7. [PMID: 25259934 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a catheter-related bloodstream infection with Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in an immunocompromised child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nontuberculous mycobacteria have been implicated in central venous catheter infections in immunosuppressed individuals, however, to our knowledge this is the first reported case of invasive infection with this organism.
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Wang Y, Ogawa M, Fukuda K, Miyamoto H, Taniguchi H. Isolation and Identification of Mycobacteria from Soils at an Illegal Dumping Site and Landfills in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 50:513-24. [PMID: 16858142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the diversity and community of genus Mycobacterium in polluted soils, we tried to isolate mycobacteria from 11 soil samples collected from an illegal dumping site and 3 landfills in Japan. Using culture methods with or without Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, a total of 19 isolates of mycobacteria were obtained from 5 soil samples and 3 of them were isolated only by the co-culture method with the amoeba. Conventional biochemical tests and sequencing of the hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA genes were performed for species identification of 17 of the 19 isolates. Among the 17 isolates, there was one isolate each of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii, Mycobacterium mageritense, Mycobacterium frederiksbergense, M. vanbaalenii or Mycobacterium austroafricanum, and Mycobacterium chubuense or Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum. The remaining 12 isolates could not be precisely identified at the species level. A phylogenic tree based on the hsp65 sequences indicated that 2 of the 12 isolates were novel species. In addition, 4 isolates were phylogenically close to species that degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which induce some cancers in humans. These results demonstrated that there were many hitherto-unreported mycobacteria in the polluted soils, and suggested that some mycobacteria might play roles in the natural attenuation and engineered bioremediation of contaminated sites with other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Starting Up Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:1-94. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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SARMA SAURABHJYOTI, PAKSHIRAJAN KANNAN. Pyrene Biodegradation by Mycobacterium FrederiksbergenseUsing an Encapsulated Oil System. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2012.661828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Gauthier DT, Helenthal AM, Rhodes MW, Vogelbein WK, Kator HI. Characterization of photochromogenic Mycobacterium spp. from Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 95:113-124. [PMID: 21848119 DOI: 10.3354/dao02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A large diversity of Mycobacterium spp. has been isolated from striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay, USA. The new species M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are the dominant isolates, while the classical fish pathogen M. marinum is found much less frequently. M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, other Mycobacterium spp. known to commonly infect fishes, have not yet been aseptically isolated from striped bass within Chesapeake Bay. While M. pseudoshottsii and M. shottsii have been phenotypically and genotypically characterized, other less common mycobacterial isolates have not. In the present study, we describe 17 photochromogenic isolates from Chesapeake Bay striped bass using phenotypic characterization and multilocus sequencing of 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Genetic characterization reveals that these isolates are related to widely divergent portions of the mycobacterial phylogeny; however, some interesting trends are observed, such as a majority of isolates (10/17) belonging to the M. simiae-related grouping. Five additional isolates were assigned to the slow-growing mycobacteria (including 2 identified as M. marinum), while 2 are clearly shown to belong genetically to the fast-growing mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
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Detection and identification of Mycobacterium spp. in clinical specimens by combining the Roche Cobas Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis assay with Mycobacterium genus detection and nucleic acid sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3943-8. [PMID: 20826640 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00851-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed a PCR assay for detection of Mycobacterium spp. at the genus level based on the Cobas Amplicor platform. The sensitivities for smear-positive and smear-negative specimens were found to be 100% and 47.9%, respectively. The specificity was 97.7%, the positive predictive value 84.6%, and the negative predictive value 93.1%. In a follow-up study, we have systematically evaluated the Mycobacterium genus assay in parallel with the Cobas Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis assay on 2,169 clinical specimens, including respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens. Based on the genus assay, nontuberculous mycobacteria were readily detected and identified to the species level by PCR-mediated sequencing. In addition, our data point to a limited specificity of the Cobas Amplicor M. tuberculosis assay.
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Sarma SJ, Pakshirajan K. An Immobilized Cell System for Biodegradation of Pyrene byMycobacterium Frederiksbergense. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10406631003800662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Kanaly RA, Harayama S. Advances in the field of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation by bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2010; 3:136-64. [PMID: 21255317 PMCID: PMC3836582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in understanding prokaryotic biotransformation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) has continued to grow and the scientific literature shows that studies in this field are originating from research groups from many different locations throughout the world. In the last 10 years, research in regard to HMW PAH biodegradation by bacteria has been further advanced through the documentation of new isolates that represent diverse bacterial types that have been isolated from different environments and that possess different metabolic capabilities. This has occurred in addition to the continuation of in-depth comprehensive characterizations of previously isolated organisms, such as Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. New metabolites derived from prokaryotic biodegradation of four- and five-ring PAHs have been characterized, our knowledge of the enzymes involved in these transformations has been advanced and HMW PAH biodegradation pathways have been further developed, expanded upon and refined. At the same time, investigation of prokaryotic consortia has furthered our understanding of the capabilities of microorganisms functioning as communities during HMW PAH biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kanaly
- Department of Genome Systems, Faculty of Bionanoscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Kanagawa-ken, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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31
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Tindall BJ, Rosselló-Móra R, Busse HJ, Ludwig W, Kämpfer P. Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:249-266. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.016949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1039] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomy relies on three key elements: characterization, classification and nomenclature. All three elements are dynamic fields, but each step depends on the one which precedes it. Thus, the nomenclature of a group of organisms depends on the way they are classified, and the classification (among other elements) depends on the information gathered as a result of characterization. While nomenclature is governed by the Bacteriological Code, the classification and characterization of prokaryotes is an area that is not formally regulated and one in which numerous changes have taken place in the last 50 years. The purpose of the present article is to outline the key elements in the way that prokaryotes are characterized, with a view to providing an overview of some of the pitfalls commonly encountered in taxonomic papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Tindall
- DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R. Rosselló-Móra
- Grup de Microbiologia Marina, Departament d'Ecologia I Recursos Marins, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, E-07190, Esporles, Spain
| | - H.-J. Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - P. Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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32
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A Tucker model based approach for analysis of complex oil biodegradation data. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7865-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Alonso-Gutiérrez J, Figueras A, Albaigés J, Jiménez N, Viñas M, Solanas AM, Novoa B. Bacterial communities from shoreline environments (costa da morte, northwestern Spain) affected by the prestige oil spill. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3407-18. [PMID: 19376924 PMCID: PMC2687268 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01776-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial communities in two different shoreline matrices, rocks and sand, from the Costa da Morte, northwestern Spain, were investigated 12 months after being affected by the Prestige oil spill. Culture-based and culture-independent approaches were used to compare the bacterial diversity present in these environments with that at a nonoiled site. A long-term effect of fuel on the microbial communities in the oiled sand and rock was suggested by the higher proportion of alkane and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders and the differences in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns compared with those of the reference site. Members of the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the prevailing groups of bacteria detected in both matrices, although the sand bacterial community exhibited higher species richness than the rock bacterial community did. Culture-dependent and -independent approaches suggested that the genus Rhodococcus could play a key role in the in situ degradation of the alkane fraction of the Prestige fuel together with other members of the suborder Corynebacterineae. Moreover, other members of this suborder, such as Mycobacterium spp., together with Sphingomonadaceae bacteria (mainly Lutibacterium anuloederans), were related as well to the degradation of the aromatic fraction of the Prestige fuel. The multiapproach methodology applied in the present study allowed us to assess the complexity of autochthonous microbial communities related to the degradation of heavy fuel from the Prestige and to isolate some of their components for a further physiological study. Since several Corynebacterineae members related to the degradation of alkanes and PAHs were frequently detected in this and other supralittoral environments affected by the Prestige oil spill along the northwestern Spanish coast, the addition of mycolic acids to bioremediation amendments is proposed to favor the presence of these degraders in long-term fuel pollution-affected areas with similar characteristics.
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MESH Headings
- Alkenes/metabolism
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Biodiversity
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/metabolism
- Mineral Oil
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Denaturation
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spain
- Water Pollution, Chemical
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Lamberts RF, Christensen JH, Mayer P, Andersen O, Johnsen AR. Isomer-specific biodegradation of methylphenanthrenes by soil bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:4790-4796. [PMID: 18678007 DOI: 10.1021/es800063s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is assumed that bacteria generally degrade 2-methylphenanthrene (2MPhe) in preference to 1-methylphenanthrene (1MPhe), and that environmental biodegradation of methylated PAHs therefore can be described qualitatively by changes in relative concentrations of these isomers. Our objective was to investigate whether microbial phenanthrene degraders (Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium) show such isomer-specific PAH degradation. Eleven out of twenty-nine phenanthrene degraders could grow on methylphenanthrene. The mycobacteria grew only on 2MPhe, the sphingomonads grew mostly on 1MPhe, and one sphingomonad could utilize both substrates. Seven strains were tested in a two-phase system where 1MPhe and 2MPhe were supplied in heptamethylnonane. For these strains, a consistent description of biodegradation based on the 2MPhe/1MPhe diagnostic ratio would not be possible because three Mycobacterium and one Sphingomonas degraded 2MPhe faster than 1MPhe, another Sphingomonas degraded 1MPhe and 2MPhe at almost equal rates, and two Sphingomonas degraded 1MPhe faster than 2MPhe. Thus, environmental biodegradation of phenanthrenes may theoretically proceed with only minor changes in 2MPhe/1MPhe ratios if individual members of the degrader community have different isomer preferences. However, two soil microcosms polluted with bunker oil confirmed the general decline in 2MPhe/1MPhe ratio during oil biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus F Lamberts
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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35
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Mahanty B, Pakshirajan K, Dasu VV. SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE AS A SELECTIVE METHOD FOR MONITORING PYRENE IN BIODEGRADATION STUDIES. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10406630802179526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mahanty B, Pakshirajan K, Venkata Dasu V. Biodegradation of pyrene by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2694-8. [PMID: 17624769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of pyrene by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense was studied in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) using silicone oil as non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). The TPPB achieved complete biodegradation of pyrene; and during the active degradation phase, utilization rates of 270, 230, 139, 82 mg l(-1)d(-1) for initial pyrene loading concentrations (in NAPL) of 1000, 600, 400 and 200 mg l(-1), respectively, were obtained. The degradation rates achieved using M. frederiksbergense in TPPB were much higher than the literature reported values for an ex situ PAH biodegradation system operated using single and pure microbial species. The degradation data was fitted to simple Monod, logistic, logarithmic, three-half-order kinetic models. Among these models, only exponential growth form of the three-half-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the entire degradation profiles with coefficient of determination (R2) value >0.99. From the experimental findings, uptake of pyrene by the microorganism in TPPB was proposed to be a non-interfacial based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahanty
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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37
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Pagnout C, Frache G, Poupin P, Maunit B, Muller JF, Férard JF. Isolation and characterization of a gene cluster involved in PAH degradation in Mycobacterium sp. strain SNP11: Expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. Res Microbiol 2007; 158:175-86. [PMID: 17258432 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium sp. strain SNP11 is able to grow with pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene and fluorene the sole carbon and energy sources. A probe based on the previously described gene pdoA2, which encodes the alpha subunit of a PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase in Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1 [S. Krivobok et al., Identification of pyrene-induced proteins in Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1: evidence for two ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, J. Bacteriol. 185(13) (2003) 3828-3841], was used to isolate a 14kb DNA fragment from strain SNP11. Twelve putative open reading frames (ORFs), divided into two groups by a promoter intergenic region, were detected in this DNA sequence. The first gene cluster, located upstream of the promoter region, showed low but significant deduced amino acid sequence homologies with enzymes involved in aromatic degradation. The second gene cluster, under control of the promoter, contained pdoA2 (designated phdA in this study) and several other ORFs with deduced amino acid sequences closely related to enzymes involved in the phenanthrene-degrading pathway of Nocardioides sp. strain KP7. Gene expression analysis in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 revealed broad substrate specificity of the ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase, since transformant cells containing phdAB strongly oxidized fluoranthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine and dibenzofuran. Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-ToF MS) analyses of culture media after PAH degradation by M. smegmatis transformants also revealed that the second gene cluster, located downstream of the promoter, takes an active share in initial phenanthrene and anthracene degradation by allowing transformation of these two PAHs in aromatic ring-cleaved metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pagnout
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicité, Santé Environnementale, CNRS UMR 7146, Université Paul Verlaine, rue du Général Delestraint, F-57070 Metz, France
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38
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Adjei MD, Heinze TM, Deck J, Freeman JP, Williams AJ, Sutherland JB. Transformation of the antibacterial agent norfloxacin by environmental mycobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:5790-3. [PMID: 16957195 PMCID: PMC1563677 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03032-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents may be released into the environment, the potential for environmental bacteria to biotransform these drugs was investigated. Eight Mycobacterium sp. cultures in a sorbitol-yeast extract medium were dosed with 100 microg ml(-1) of norfloxacin and incubated for 7 days. The MICs of norfloxacin for these strains, tested by an agar dilution method, were 1.6 to 25 microg ml(-1). Cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate, and potential metabolites in the extracts were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The metabolites were identified using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. N-Acetylnorfloxacin (5 to 50% of the total absorbance at 280 nm) was produced by the eight Mycobacterium strains. N-Nitrosonorfloxacin (5 to 30% of the total absorbance) was also produced by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR100 and Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK. The MICs of N-nitrosonorfloxacin and N-acetylnorfloxacin were 2- to 38- and 4- to 1,000-fold higher, respectively, than those of norfloxacin for several different bacteria, including the two strains that produced both metabolites. Although N-nitrosonorfloxacin had less antibacterial activity, nitrosamines are potentially carcinogenic. The biotransformation of fluoroquinolones by mycobacteria may serve as a resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Adjei
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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39
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Leys NM, Ryngaert A, Bastiaens L, Wattiau P, Top EM, Verstraete W, Springael D. Occurrence and community composition of fast-growing Mycobacterium in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 51:375-88. [PMID: 16329885 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-growing mycobacteria are considered essential members of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) degrading bacterial community in PAH-contaminated soils. To study the natural role and diversity of the Mycobacterium community in contaminated soils, a culture-independent fingerprinting method based on PCR combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was developed. New PCR primers were selected which specifically targeted the 16S rRNA genes of fast-growing mycobacteria, and single-band DGGE profiles of amplicons were obtained for most Mycobacterium strains tested. Strains belonging to the same species revealed identical DGGE fingerprints, and in most cases, but not all, these fingerprints were typical for one species, allowing partial differentiation between species in a Mycobacterium community. Mycobacterium strains inoculated in soil were detected with a detection limit of 10(6) CFU g(-1) of soil using the new primer set as such, or approximately 10(2) CFU g(-1) in a nested PCR approach combining eubacterial and the Mycobacterium specific primers. Using the PCR-DGGE method, different species could be individually recognized in a mixed Mycobacterium community. This approach was used to rapidly assess the Mycobacterium community structure of several PAH-contaminated soils of diverse origin with different overall contamination profiles, pollution concentrations and chemical-physical soil characteristics. In the non-contaminated soil, most of the recovered 16SrRNA gene sequence did not match with previous described PAH-degrading Mycobacterium strains. In most PAH-contaminated soils, mycobacteria were detected which were closely related to fast-growing species such as Mycobacterium frederiksbergense and Mycobacterium austroafricanum, species that are known to include strains with PAH-degrading capacities. Interestingly, 16S rRNA genes related to M. tusciae sequences, a Mycobacterium species so far not reported in relation to biodegradation of PAHs, were detected in all contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Leys
- Environmental and Process Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research Vito, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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40
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Christensen JH, Hansen AB, Karlson U, Mortensen J, Andersen O. Multivariate statistical methods for evaluating biodegradation of mineral oil. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1090:133-45. [PMID: 16196142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two methods were developed for evaluating natural attenuation and bioremediation of mineral oil after environmental spills and during in vitro experiments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used to obtain compound-specific data. The chromatographic data were then preprocessed either by calculating the first derivative, retention time alignment and normalization or by peak identification, quantification and calculation of diagnostic ratios within homologue series of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the preprocessed chromatograms or diagnostic ratios to study the fate of the oil. The methods were applied to data from an in vitro biodegradation experiment with a North Sea crude oil exposed to three mixtures of bacterial strains: R (alkane degraders and surfactant producers), U (PAC degraders) and M (mixture of R- and U-strains) over a 1-year-period with five sampling times. Assessment of variation in degradability within isomer groups of methylfluorenes (m/z 180), methylphenanthrenes (m/z 192) and methyldibenzothiophenes (m/z 198) was used to evaluate the effects of microbial degradation on the composition of the oil. The two evaluation methods gave comparable results. In the objective pattern matching approach, principal component 1 (PC1) described the general changes in the isomer abundances, whereas M samples were separated from U and R samples along PC2. Furthermore, in the diagnostic ratio approach, a third component (PC3) could be extracted; although minor, it separated R samples from U and M samples. These results demonstrated that the two methods were able to differentiate between the effects due to the different bacterial activities, and that bacterial strain mixtures affected the PAC isomer patterns in different ways in accordance with their different metabolic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Christensen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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41
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van Beilen JB, Holtackers R, Lüscher D, Bauer U, Witholt B, Duetz WA. Biocatalytic production of perillyl alcohol from limonene by using a novel Mycobacterium sp. cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylase expressed in Pseudomonas putida. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1737-44. [PMID: 15811996 PMCID: PMC1082528 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.1737-1744.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of oxygenated monoterpenes present at low concentrations in plant oils have anticarcinogenic properties. One of the most promising compounds in this respect is (-)-perillyl alcohol. Since this natural product is present only at low levels in a few plant oils, an alternative, synthetic source is desirable. Screening of 1,800 bacterial strains showed that many alkane degraders were able to specifically hydroxylate l-limonene in the 7 position to produce enantiopure (-)-perillyl alcohol. The oxygenase responsible for this was purified from the best-performing wild-type strain, Mycobacterium sp. strain HXN-1500. By using N-terminal sequence information, a 6.2-kb ApaI fragment was cloned, which encoded a cytochrome P450, a ferredoxin, and a ferredoxin reductase. The three genes were successfully coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida by using the broad-host-range vector pCom8, and the recombinant converted limonene to perillyl alcohol with a specific activity of 3 U/g (dry weight) of cells. The construct was subsequently used in a 2-liter bioreactor to produce perillyl alcohol on a scale of several grams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B van Beilen
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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42
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Kim YH, Engesser KH, Cerniglia CE. Numerical and genetic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading mycobacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2005; 50:110-9. [PMID: 16132428 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-004-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ability to degrade high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been found in diverse species of fast-growing mycobacteria. This study included several PAH-degrading mycobacteria from heavily contaminated sites and an uncontaminated humus soil in the Natural Park, Schwäbische Alb, Germany. The numerical analysis with a total of 131 tests showed that isolates from humus soil and contaminated sites had similar substrate utilization patterns for primary alcohols from ethanol to pentanol, 1,4-butanediol, benzyl alcohol, hexadecane, ethyl acetate, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene as the sole carbon and energy (C/E) sources. Significant differences between the two subgroups isolated from humus soil and contaminated sites were observed in the utilization of polyalcoholic sugars, including adonitol, D: -arabitol, L: -arabitol, erythritol, inositol, rhamnose, sorbitol, and xylitol. Among isolates from humus soil, strain PYR100 showed high similarity in 16S rDNA sequence with M. vanbaalenii strain PYR-1 (=DSM 7251, 100%) and M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464 (99.9%). In addition to the numerical analysis, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer sequence was useful for discriminating between the closely related strains PYR100 and PYR-1 (98% similarity). The patterns of the variable V2 and V3 regions in the ribosomal RNA gene corresponding to Escherichia coli positions 179 to 197 and 1006 to 1023, respectively, were useful for dividing fast-growing and thermosensitive PAH-degrading mycobacteria into ten subgroups consistent with the phylogenetic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hak Kim
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Hormisch D, Brost I, Kohring GW, Giffhorn F, Kroppenstedt RM, Stackebrandt E, Färber P, Holzapfel WH. Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans sp. nov., a fluoranthene and aflatoxin B1 degrading bacterium from contaminated soil of a former coal gas plant. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 27:653-60. [PMID: 15612622 DOI: 10.1078/0723202042369866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium strain FA4T was isolated with fluoranthene as the single carbon source from soil of a former coal gas plant, polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The physiological properties, fatty acid pattern, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence indicated membership to the genus Mycobacterium, but were different from all type strains of Mycobacterium species. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses strain FA4T could be assigned to the Mycobacterium neoaurum taxon showing 98% sequence similarity to M. diernhoferi as its closest neighbour. The occurrence of epoxymycolate in the cell wall differentiates FA4 from all members of this taxon which synthesize wax-ester mycolates in addition to alpha-mycolates. Strain FA4T is able to degrade aflatoxin B1. This biological attribute might be useful in biological detoxification processes of foods and feeds. From the investigated characteristics it is concluded that strain FA4T represents a new species, for which we propose the name Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans sp. nov. The type strain of Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans is FA4T (DSM 44556T = CIP 108203T).
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MESH Headings
- Aflatoxin B1/metabolism
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Cell Wall/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fatty Acids/isolation & purification
- Fluorenes/metabolism
- Genes, rRNA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium/metabolism
- Mycolic Acids/analysis
- Mycolic Acids/isolation & purification
- Phylogeny
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
- Soil Pollutants
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hormisch
- Saarland University, Applied Microbiology, Saarbruecken, Germany
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44
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Stingley RL, Brezna B, Khan AA, Cerniglia CE. Novel organization of genes in a phthalate degradation operon of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2005; 150:3749-3761. [PMID: 15528661 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 is capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to ring cleavage metabolites. This study identified and characterized a putative phthalate degradation operon in the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 genome. A putative regulatory protein (phtR) was encoded divergently with five tandem genes: phthalate dioxygenase large subunit (phtAa), small subunit (phtAb), phthalate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (phtB), phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin subunit (phtAc) and phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase (phtAd). A 6.7 kb EcoRI fragment containing these genes was cloned into Escherichia coli and converted phthalate to 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate. Homologues to the operon region were detected in a number of PAH-degrading Mycobacterium spp. isolated from various geographical locations. The operon differs from those of other Gram-positive bacteria in both the placement and orientation of the regulatory gene. In addition, the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 pht operon contains no decarboxylase gene and none was identified within a 37 kb region containing the operon. This study is the first report of a phthalate degradation operon in Mycobacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Stingley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Barbara Brezna
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ashraf A Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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45
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Kim YH, Moody JD, Freeman JP, Brezna B, Engesser KH, Cerniglia CE. Evidence for the existence of PAH-quinone reductase and catechol-O-methyltransferase in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 31:507-16. [PMID: 15549609 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-004-0178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) quinone reductase (PQR) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), from the PAH-degrading Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, were demonstrated to be constitutive enzymes located in the soluble fraction of cell extracts. PQR activities for the reduction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and 4,5-pyrene- quinone were 1.40+/-0.13 and 0.12+/-0.01 micromol min(-1) mg-protein(-1), respectively. The exogenous catechols alizarin, anthrarobin, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and esculetin inhibited PQR activity. Anthrarobin (100 microM) and esculetin (100 microM) inhibited 4,5-pyrenequinone reduction by 64-92%. COMT was involved in the O-methylation of 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene to form 1-methoxy-2-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1,2-dimethoxyphenanthrene. Both pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene were metabolized by M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 to form 1-methoxypyrene, 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxy-2-methoxypyrene and 1,2-dimethoxypyrene. Among the catechols tested, anthrarobin showed the highest COMT activity (1.06+/-0.04 nmol/30 min(-1) mg-protein(-1)). These results suggest that the PQR and COMT activities of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 may play an important role in the detoxification of PAH catechols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hak Kim
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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46
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Cooksey RC, de Waard JH, Yakrus MA, Rivera I, Chopite M, Toney SR, Morlock GP, Butler WR. Mycobacterium cosmeticum sp. nov., a novel rapidly growing species isolated from a cosmetic infection and from a nail salon. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:2385-2391. [PMID: 15545488 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four isolates of a rapidly growingMycobacteriumspecies had a mycolic acid pattern similar to that ofMycobacterium smegmatis, as determined by HPLC analyses. Three of the isolates were from footbath drains and a sink at a nail salon located in Atlanta, GA, USA; the fourth was obtained from a granulomatous subdermal lesion of a female patient in Venezuela who was undergoing mesotherapy. By random amplified polymorphic DNA electrophoresis and PFGE of large restriction fragments, the three isolates from the nail salon were shown to be the same strain but different from the strain from the patient in Venezuela. Polymorphisms in regions of therpoB,hsp65and 16S rRNA genes that were shown to be useful for species identification matched for the two strains but were different from those of otherMycobacteriumspecies. The 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strains in a taxonomic group along withMycobacterium frederiksbergense,Mycobacterium hodleri,Mycobacterium diernhoferiandMycobacterium neoaurum. The strains produced a pale-yellow pigment when grown in the dark at the optimal temperature of 35 °C. Biochemical testing showed that the strains were positive for iron uptake, nitrate reduction and utilization ofd-mannitol,d-xylose, iso-myo-inositol,l-arabinose, citrate andd-trehalose. The strains were negative ford-sorbitol utilization and production of niacin and 3-day arylsulfatase, although arylsulfatase activity was observed after 14 days. The isolates grew on MacConkey agar without crystal violet but not on media containing 5 % (w/v) NaCl or at 45 °C. They were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin, cefoxitin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem. The nameMycobacterium cosmeticumsp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; two strains, LTA-388T(=ATCC BAA-878T=CIP 108170T) (the type strain) and 2003-11-06 (=ATCC BAA-879=CIP 108169) have been designated, respectively, for the strains of the patient in Venezuela and from the nail salon in Atlanta, GA, USA.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Beauty Culture
- Chaperonin 60
- Chaperonins/genetics
- Cosmetic Techniques
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics
- Female
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Microinjections
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium/chemistry
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium/physiology
- Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology
- Mycolic Acids/analysis
- Mycolic Acids/isolation & purification
- Nails
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Pigments, Biological/biosynthesis
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology
- Temperature
- United States
- Venezuela
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Cooksey
- Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mitchell A Yakrus
- Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ismar Rivera
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marina Chopite
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Sean R Toney
- Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Glenn P Morlock
- Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - W Ray Butler
- Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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47
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Tran T, Saheba E, Arcerio AV, Chavez V, Li QY, Martinez LE, Primm TP. Quinones as antimycobacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4809-13. [PMID: 15336259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious worldwide health threat, killing almost 3 million people per year. Other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium, are emerging pathogens in the immunocompromised population, most notably AIDS patients. These nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment, and naturally resistant to many disinfection procedures. Treatment options are limited, and no new antibiotics have been developed against mycobacteria since the 1970s. There is a desperate need for new biocides and antibiotics to prevent and treat mycobacterial infections. A small aromatic compound library has been screened for effectiveness in growth inhibition or killing of mycobacteria. Four species, representing the M. tuberculosis complex, the slow-growing NTM, and the rapid-growing NTM were used. Active compounds had minimal inhibitory concentrations as low as 12.5 microg/mL, with the active component being a quinone. The primarily bactericidal activity observed represents a unique mechanism of action. A fluorescent assay involving M. smegmatis expressing gfp was analyzed as a rapid assay for predicting inhibitory activity, but failed to predict activity well. Our compounds may have significant utility as soluble biocides against mycobacteria and other hardy nosocomial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuyanh Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Drive, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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48
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Jiménez MS, Campos-Herrero MI, García D, Luquin M, Herrera L, García MJ. Mycobacterium canariasense sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1729-1734. [PMID: 15388736 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel rapidly growing, non-pigmented mycobacterium was isolated from blood samples obtained from 17 patients with febrile syndrome. Bacterial growth occurred at 30 and 37 °C on Löwenstein–Jensen medium and also on MacConkey agar without crystal violet. Strains contained α- and α′-mycolates in their cell wall. Sequence analysis of the hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes identified the isolates as rapidly growing mycobacteria. Sequences of both genes were unique within the mycobacteria. DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the isolates had less than 15 % reassociation with 13 other recognized rapidly growing mycobacteria. The name Mycobacterium canariasense sp. nov. is proposed for this novel opportunistic pathogen, which is most closely related to Mycobacterium diernhoferi. The type strain is 502329T (=CIP 107998T=CCUG 47953T).
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Blood/microbiology
- Cell Wall/chemistry
- Chaperonin 60
- Chaperonins/genetics
- Culture Media
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium/physiology
- Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology
- Mycolic Acids/analysis
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spain
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Isolina Campos-Herrero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Diana García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marina Luquin
- Unitat de Microbiología, Departament de Genetica i de Microbiología, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrera
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J García
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Trujillo ME, Velázquez E, Kroppenstedt RM, Schumann P, Rivas R, Mateos PF, Martínez-Molina E. Mycobacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from pond water near a uranium mine. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1459-1463. [PMID: 15388695 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid-fast, rapidly growing, psychrotolerant short rod was isolated from pond water near a uranium mine. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence grouped this strain with the rapidly growing mycobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of isolate WA101T showed highest similarity to that of Mycobacterium sphagni DSM 44076T; however, DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains was less than 30 %. Chemotaxonomic analyses, which included fatty acid and mycolic acid patterns, confirmed the classification of strain WA101T in the genus Mycobacterium. Physiological data, including antibiotic resistance, NaCl tolerance, carbon sources, temperature growth range and enzyme activities, were also determined. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results it is proposed that isolate WA101T represents a novel Mycobacterium species. The name Mycobacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain WA101T (=DSM 44697T=LMG 21953T).
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Citric Acid/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Enzymes/analysis
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Genes, rRNA
- Mining
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/genetics
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium/physiology
- Mycolic Acids/analysis
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Temperature
- Uranium
- Water Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Trujillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Lab. 209, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Encarna Velázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Lab. 209, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Reiner M Kroppenstedt
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Lab. 209, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro F Mateos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Lab. 209, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eustoquio Martínez-Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Lab. 209, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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50
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Abstract
Environmental mycobacteria are emerging pathogens causing opportunistic infections in humans and animals. The health impacts of human-mycobacterial interactions are complex and likely much broader than currently recognized. Environmental mycobacteria preferentially survive chlorination in municipal water, using it as a vector to infect humans. Widespread chlorination of water has likely selected more resistant environmental mycobacteria species and potentially explains the shift from M. scrofulaceum to M. avium as a cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children. Thus, human activities have affected mycobacterial ecology. While the slow growth and hydrophobicity of environmental mycobacteria appear to be disadvantages, the unique cell wall architecture also grants high biocide and antibiotic resistance, while hydrophobicity facilitates nutrient acquisition, biofilm formation, and spread by aerosolization. The remarkable stress tolerance of environmental mycobacteria is the major reason they are human pathogens. Environmental mycobacteria invade protozoans, exhibiting parasitic and symbiotic relationships. The molecular mechanisms of mycobacterial intracellular pathogenesis in animals likely evolved from similar mechanisms facilitating survival in protozoans. In addition to outright infection, environmental mycobacteria may also play a role in chronic bowl diseases, allergies, immunity to other pulmonary infections, and the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Primm
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
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