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Tomás G, Techera C, Marandino A, Olivera V, Williman J, Panzera Y, Pérez R, Vagnozzi A. Genomic characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in Argentina provides evidence of the recent transcontinental spread of Chinese genotype A2dB1b. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:430-438. [PMID: 38742448 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2355918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a significant pathogen affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Its epidemiological history has been marked by the emergence of strains with different antigenic, pathogenic, and genetic features, some of which have shown notable spread potential. The A2dB1b genotype, also known as novel variant, has become widespread and gained increased relevance in IBDV epidemiology. This genotype was described in China in the 2010s and rapidly spread in Asia and Africa. The present study describes the circulation of the A2dB1b genotype in Argentina. Applying a next-generation sequencing approach, we obtained the complete coding sequence of 18 Argentine viruses. The high level of genomic homogeneity observed amongst these viruses, their monophyletic clustering in both partial and complete segments A and B derived phylogenies, and their close relatedness to some Chinese strains suggest that a unique transcontinental spread event from China to Argentina occurred recently. The apparent success of the A2dB1b genotype spreading throughout Asia, Africa, and South America may partially be due to specific amino acid characteristics. Novel residues in the hypervariable region of VP2 may help A2dB1b IBDVs evade the protection elicited by the applied commercial vaccines. Our findings underscore the importance of continuous characterization of field samples and evaluation of the control measures currently applied to fight against this specific IBDV genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Olivera
- Laboratorio de Aves, Instituto de Virología e Innovación Tecnológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Williman
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ariel Vagnozzi
- Laboratorio de Aves, Instituto de Virología e Innovación Tecnológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Techera C, Tomás G, Grecco S, Williman J, Hernández M, Olivera V, Banda A, Vagnozzi A, Panzera Y, Marandino A, Pérez R. A rapid and affordable amplicon-based method for next-generation genome sequencing of the infectious bursal disease virus. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114807. [PMID: 37683937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a severe immunosuppressive disorder in young chickens. IBDV evolution resulted in the emergence of strains with divergent genetic, antigenic, and pathogenic characteristics. Genetic classification is typically performed by sequencing the coding region of the most immunogenic region of the viral protein 2 (VP2). Sequencing both double-stranded RNA genome segments is essential to achieve a more comprehensive IBDV classification that can detect recombinants and reassortments. Here, we report the development and standardization of a tiled PCR amplicon protocol for the direct and cost-effective genome sequencing of global IBDV strains using next-generation technology. Primers for tiled PCR were designed with adapters to bypass expensive and time-consuming library preparation steps. Sequencing was performed on Illumina MiniSeq equipment, and fourteen complete genomes of field strains were assembled using reference sequences. The PCR-enrichment step was used to obtain genomes from low-titer biological samples that were difficult to amplify using traditional sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the obtained genomes confirmed previous strain classification. By combining the enrichment methodology with massive sequencing, it is possible to obtain IBDV genomic sequences in a fast and affordable manner. This procedure can be a valuable tool to better understand virus epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Williman
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Olivera
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Banda
- Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS, United States
| | - Ariel Vagnozzi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Deng T, Du L, Ding S, Peng X, Chen W, Yan Y, Hu B, Zhou J. Protein kinase Cdc7 supports viral replication by phosphorylating Avibirnavirus VP3 protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0112523. [PMID: 37902398 PMCID: PMC10688373 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01125-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus is still an important agent which largely threatens global poultry farming industry economics. VP3 is a multifunctional scaffold structural protein that is involved in virus morphogenesis and the regulation of diverse cellular signaling pathways. However, little is known about the roles of VP3 phosphorylation during the IBDV life cycle. In this study, we determined that IBDV infection induced the upregulation of Cdc7 expression and phosphorylated the VP3 Ser13 site to promote viral replication. Moreover, we confirmed that the negative charge addition of phosphoserine on VP3 at the S13 site was essential for IBDV proliferation. This study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of VP3 phosphorylation-mediated regulation of IBDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liuyang Du
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxiang Ding
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pikuła A, Lisowska A, Domańska-Blicharz K. Epidemiology of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Poland during 2016-2022. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020289. [PMID: 36851502 PMCID: PMC9963850 DOI: 10.3390/v15020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus is an immunosuppressive ubiquitous pathogen that causes serious economic losses in poultry production. The virus is prone to genetic changes through mutations and reassortment, which drive the emergence of new variants and lead to a change in the epidemiological situation in a field. Such a situation is currently being reported due to a large wave of IBDV A3B1 reassortant infections in northwestern Europe. On the other hand, in Poland, which is the largest producer of chicken meat in the EU, the IBDVs of genotypes A3B2 and A3B4 were circulating just before the emergence of A3B1 reassortants. The purpose of the presented study was to update the IBDV epidemiological situation. The performed molecular survey based on the sequence of both genome segments showed the presence of very virulent strains (A3B2) and reassortants of genotypes A3B4 and A3B1; moreover, two of these genotypes are newly introduced IBDV lineages. In addition, a number of amino acid substitutions were demonstrated, including within antigenic epitopes and virulence determinants. In conclusion, the results obtained indicated a dynamic epidemiological situation in Poland, which highlights the need for further monitoring studies in the region and verification of protection conferred by the vaccines used against infection with detected IBDV.
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Deng T, Hu B, Wang X, Ding S, Lin L, Yan Y, Peng X, Zheng X, Liao M, Jin Y, Dong W, Gu J, Zhou J. TRAF6 autophagic degradation by avibirnavirus VP3 inhibits antiviral innate immunity via blocking NFKB/NF-κB activation. Autophagy 2022; 18:2781-2798. [PMID: 35266845 PMCID: PMC9673932 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important reversible post-translational modification. Many viruses hijack the host ubiquitin system to enhance self-replication. In the present study, we found that Avibirnavirus VP3 protein was ubiquitinated during infection and supported virus replication by ubiquitination. Mass spectrometry and mutation analysis showed that VP3 was ubiquitinated at residues K73, K135, K158, K193, and K219. Virus rescue showed that ubiquitination at sites K73, K193, and K219 on VP3 could enhance the replication abilities of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and that K135 was essential for virus survival. Binding of the zinc finger domain of TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) to VP3 mediated K11- and K33-linked ubiquitination of VP3, which promoted its nuclear accumulation to facilitate virus replication. Additionally, VP3 could inhibit TRAF6-mediated NFKB/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation and IFNB/IFN-β (interferon beta) production to evade host innate immunity by inducing TRAF6 autophagic degradation in an SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1)-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrated a macroautophagic/autophagic mechanism by which Avibirnavirus protein VP3 blocked NFKB-mediated IFNB production by targeting TRAF6 during virus infection, and provided a potential drug target for virus infection control.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; IBDV: infectious bursal disease virus; IF: indirect immunofluorescence; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MS: mass spectrometry; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; RNF125: ring finger protein 125; RNF135/Riplet: ring finger protein 135; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: tax1 binding protein1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; TRAF3: TNF receptor associated factor 3; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM25: tripartite motif containing 25; Ub: ubiquitin; Wort: wortmannin; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Liao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Collaborative innovation center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,CONTACT Jiyong Zhou MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Zheng S. Host Combats IBDV Infection at Both Protein and RNA Levels. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102309. [PMID: 36298864 PMCID: PMC9607458 DOI: 10.3390/v14102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, with the emergence of IBDV variants and recombinant strains, IBDV still threatens the poultry industry worldwide. It seems that the battle between host and IBDV will never end. Thus, it is urgent to develop a more comprehensive and effective strategy for the control of this disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions would be of help in the development of novel vaccines. Recently, much progress has been made in the understanding of the host response against IBDV infection. If the battle between host and IBDV at the protein level is considered the front line, at the RNA level, it can be taken as a hidden line. The host combats IBDV infection at both the front and hidden lines. Therefore, this review focuses on our current understanding of the host response to IBDV infection at both the protein and RNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(10)-6273-4681
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Evaluating the Breadth of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Genogroup A1 Strains Using a Novel Chicken B-Cell Rescue System and Neutralization Assay. J Virol 2022; 96:e0125522. [PMID: 36069547 PMCID: PMC9517715 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01255-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) genogroups have been identified based on the sequence of the capsid hypervariable region (HVR) (A1 to A8). Given reported vaccine failures, there is a need to evaluate the ability of vaccines to neutralize the different genogroups. To address this, we used a reverse genetics system and the chicken B-cell line DT40 to rescue a panel of chimeric IBDVs and perform neutralization assays. Chimeric viruses had the backbone of a lab-adapted strain (PBG98) and the HVRs from diverse field strains as follows: classical F52-70 (A1), U.S. variant Del-E (A2), Chinese variant SHG19 (A2), very virulent UK661 (A3), M04/09 distinct (A4), Italian ITA-04 (A6), and Australian variant Vic-01/94 (A8). Rescued viruses showed no substitutions at amino acid positions 253, 284, or 330, previously found to be associated with cell-culture adaptation. Sera from chickens inoculated with wild-type (wt) (F52-70) or vaccine (228E) A1 strains had the highest mean virus neutralization (VN) titers against the A1 virus (log2 15.4 and 12.7) and the lowest against A2 viruses (log2 7.4 to 7.9; P = 0.0001 to 0.0274), consistent with A1 viruses being most antigenically distant from A2 strains, which correlated with the extent of differences in the predicted HVR structure. VN titers against the other genogroups ranged from log2 9.3 to 13.3, and A1 strains were likely more closely antigenically related to genogroups A3 and A4 than A6 and A8. Our data are consistent with field observations and validate the new method, which can be used to screen future vaccine candidates for breadth of neutralizing antibodies and evaluate the antigenic relatedness of different genogroups. IMPORTANCE There is a need to evaluate the ability of vaccines to neutralize diverse IBDV genogroups and to better understand the relationship between HVR sequence, structure, and antigenicity. Here, we used a chicken B-cell line to rescue a panel of chimeric IBDVs with the HVR from seven diverse IBDV field strains and to conduct neutralization assays and protein modeling. We evaluated the ability of sera from vaccinated or infected birds to neutralize the different genogroups. Our novel chicken B-cell rescue system and neutralization assay can be used to screen IBDV vaccine candidates, platforms, and regimens for the breadth of neutralizing antibody responses elicited, evaluate the antigenic relatedness of diverse IBDV strains, and when coupled with structural modeling, elucidate immunodominant and conserved epitopes to strategically design novel IBDV vaccines in the future.
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Nooruzzaman M, Hossain I, Rahman MM, Uddin AJ, Mustari A, Parvin R, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR. Comparative pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease viruses of three different genotypes. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105641. [PMID: 35714848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly immunosuppressive and often fatal viral disease of young chickens. The causal agent IBD virus (IBDV) is an avian Birnavirus having two genome segments that have evolved independently and contributed to the emergence of many genotypes with different pathogenic profile. The present study aimed at genetic and pathogenic characterization of IBDVs from Bangladesh. We performed phylogenetic analysis of 15 IBDV isolates recovered from field outbreaks in chickens during 2020-2021 and compared the pathogenicity of three selected isolates belonging to different genotypes on experimental infection in chickens. Out of 15 isolates, one was the typical vvIBDV of genotype A3B2, 13 were reassortant vvIBDV of genotype A3B3 having very virulent-like segment A and early Australian-like segment B, and the remaining one isolate was a classical virulent IBDV of A1aB1 genotype. A few amino acid substitutions were observed between the genotypes in four putative antigenic sites on VP2. In a comparative pathogenicity study, the typical vvIBDV isolate BD-25(A3B2) appeared to be the most virulent with 100% morbidity and 90% mortality, followed by the segment-reassortant vvIBDV isolate BD-28(A3B3) with 50% morbidity and 30% mortality. However, the gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius were similar. The classical virulent isolate BD-26(A1aB1) did not cause any clinical disease. In conclusion, three genotypes of IBDV are co-circulating in poultry of Bangladesh and the typical vvIBDV of A3B2 genotype was more virulent than the reassortant vvIBDV of A3B3 genotype. Further studies are required to assess the country-wide distribution of IBDV of different genotypes and the efficacy of the currently available vaccines in protecting chickens against different genotypes of IBDV in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abm Jalal Uddin
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Trapp J, Rautenschlein S. Infectious bursal disease virus' interferences with host immune cells: What do we know? Avian Pathol 2022; 51:303-316. [PMID: 35616498 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases in chickens leading to high economic losses due increased mortality and condemnation rates, secondary infections and the need for antibiotic treatment. Over 400 publications have been listed in PubMed.gov in the last five years pointing out the research interest in this disease and the development of improved preventive measures. While B cells are the main target cells of the virus, also other immune and non-immune cell populations are affected leading a multifaceted impact on the normally well orchestrated immune system in IBDV-infected birds. Recent studies clearly revealed the contribution of innate immune cells as well as T cells to a cytokine storm and subsequent death of affected birds in the acute phase of the disease. Transcriptomics identified differential regulation of immune related genes between different chicken genotypes as well as virus strains, which may be associated with a variable disease outcome. The recent availability of primary B cell culture systems allowed a closer look into virus-host interactions during IBDV-infection. The new emerging field of research with transgenic chickens will open up new opportunities to understand the impact of IBDV on the host also under in vivo conditions, which will help to understand the complex virus-host interactions further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Trapp
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Fu X, Luo M, Zheng G, Liang H, Liu L, Lin Q, Niu Y, Luo X, Li N. Determination and Characterization of a Novel Birnavirus Associated with Massive Mortality in Largemouth Bass. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0171621. [PMID: 35319246 PMCID: PMC9045220 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01716-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an important and fast-growing aquaculture species in China. In 2017, an epidemic associated with severe mortality occurred in fingerlings of largemouth bass in Guangdong, China. The causative pathogen was identified and named as largemouth bass Birnavirus (LBBV) by virome analysis, viral isolation, electron microscopy, genome sequencing, Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, experimental challenge, and so on. Virome sequencing results showed that the relative abundance reads related to the family Birnaviridae were the highest, occupied ∼25% of the total viral reads. Electron microscopy revealed large numbers of nonenveloped virus particles in the spleen of diseased fish with a diameter of about 53 nm. LBBV was isolated and propagated in Chinese perch brain cells and induced a typical cytopathic effect. LBBV was stable to chloroform, heat, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, but sensitive to acid (pH 3.0). The complete genome of LBBV was comprised of segment A with a size 3525 bp and segment B with a size 2737 bp. Phylogenetic analysis basing on RdRp and VP2 protein sequences revealed that LBBV were clustered into one clade with Lates calcarifer Birnavirus (LCBV), sharing 98.7% or 91.9% sequence identity with LCBV, respectively, but only sharing 59.7% and 52.7% sequence identity with Blosnavirus, suggesting that LBBV and LCBV probably belonged to a new genus. Challenge experiments results indicated that clinical disease symptoms similar to those observed naturally were replicated and the cumulative mortality reached 100% at 3 dpi by i.p. injection. The investigation of prevalence of LBBV infection showed that 41.5% (17/41) sample pools collected from diseased ponds was positive during 2017-2020, indicating that an emerging outbreak of this disease may be spreading within the largemouth bass in China. Above results confirmed that LBBV is a novel Birnavirus associated with massive mortality for fingerlings of largemouth bass. This provides a basis for prevention and control of this emerging viral disease. IMPORTANCE Pathogen isolation and identification are vital for emerging infectious outbreaks. Here we report the isolation, determination and characterization of a novel largemouth bass Birnavirus (LBBV) associated with massive mortality in largemouth bass. And genome of LBBV is determined and analyzed. Based on phylogenetic and alignment analysis of genome, we suggest LBBV belongs to a new genus (designated as Perbirnavirus genus) in Birnaviridae family. Our findings will provide a basis for the further study on prevention and control of this emerging viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingju Luo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Zheng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongru Liang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinjie Niu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Bao K, Qi X, Li Y, Gong M, Wang X, Zhu P. Cryo-EM structures of infectious bursal disease viruses with different virulences provide insights into their assembly and invasion. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:646-654. [PMID: 36546126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in chickens, resulting in significant economic losses. The very virulent IBDV strain (vvIBDV) causes high mortality and cannot adapt to cell culture. In contrast, attenuated strains of IBDV are nonpathogenic to chickens and can replicate in cell culture. Although the crystal structure of T = 1 subviral particles (SVP) has been reported, the structures of intact IBDV virions with different virulences remain elusive. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the vvIBDV Gx strain and its attenuated IBDV strain Gt at resolutions of 3.3 Å and 3.2 Å, respectively. Compared with the structure of T = 1 SVP, IBDV contains several conserved structural elements unique to the T = 13 virion. Notably, the N-terminus of VP2, which is disordered in the SVP, interacts with the SF strand of VP2 from its neighboring trimer, completing the β-sheet of the S domain. This interaction helps to form a contact network by tethering the adjacent VP2 trimers and contributes to the assembly and stability of the IBDV virion. Structural comparison of the Gx and Gt strains indicates that H253 and T284 in the VP2 P domain of Gt, in contrast to Gx, form a hydrogen bond with a positively charged surface. This suggests that the combined mutations Q253H/A284T and the associated structural electrostatic features of the attenuated Gt strain may contribute to adaptation to cell culture. Furthermore, a negatively charged groove in VP2, containing an integrin binding IDA motif that is critical for virus attachment, was speculated to play a functional role in the entry of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Bao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Minqing Gong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Lian J, Wang Z, Xu Z, Pang Y, Leng M, Tang S, Zhang X, Qin J, Chen F, Lin W. Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in China. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101502. [PMID: 34871986 PMCID: PMC8649399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) caused an acute and highly contagious infectious disease, resulting in considerable economic losses in the world poultry industry. Although this disease was well-controlled under the widely use of commercial vaccines, the novel variant IBDV strain emerged due to the highly immunized-selection pressure in the field, posting new threats to poultry industry. Here, we reported the epidemic and pathogenicity of IBDV in Hubei Province from May to August 2020. We isolated 12 IBDV strains from the broiler flocks, including 9 novel variants, 2 very virulent strains and 1 medium virulent strain. Interestingly, we identified a series of changes of amino acid sites in the VP2. Further analysis indicated that the novel variant IBDV strains caused damage to bursa of fabricius and spleen, leading to immunosuppression. Our findings underscore the importance of IBDV surveillance, and provide evidence for understanding the evolution of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Mei Leng
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Qin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China..
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13
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Feng X, Zhu N, Cui Y, Hou L, Zhou J, Qiu Y, Yang X, Liu C, Wang D, Guo J, Sun T, Shi Y, Han N, Mo M, Liu J. Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e746-e758. [PMID: 34657384 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an Avibirnavirus, is the pathogen of infectious bursal disease, which is a severely immunosuppressive disease in 3-15-week-old chickens. Different phenotypes of IBDV, including classical, variant, very virulent (vv) and attenuated IBDV, have been reported in many chicken-rearing countries worldwide. Here, we isolated and identified a naturally reassortant and recombinant IBDV (designated GXB02) from 20-day-old chickens with clinicopathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Guangxi Province, China. Whole genomic sequencing showed that the strain GXB02 simultaneously has both reassortant and recombinant characteristics with segments A and B being derived from recombinant intermediate vaccine strain and classic strains of IBDV. Segment A of strain GXB02 was incorporated into the skeleton of an intermediate IBDV vaccine strain (W2512), where the breakpoints of two recombinant events located at nucleotide positions 1468 and 1648 were replaced by reassortant vvIBDV (PK2) and vvIBDV (D6948) of segment A, respectively. We used this GXB02 strain to inoculate 21-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens to evaluate its pathogenicity. Strain GXB02 has clinicopathologic characteristics of IBD with severe bursal lesions, as evidenced by necrosis, depletion of lymphocytes, and follicle atrophy, indicating that reassortment with classical strains in segment B or/and recombination with very virulent strains increased pathogenicity of the strain GXB02 in chickens. These findings provide important insights into the genetic exchange between classic and attenuated strains of IBDV with two recombinant events occurring at the intermediate derivative segment A with vvIBDV strains, thereby increasing the difficulty of prevention and control of IBD due to novel reassortant-recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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14
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Aliyu HB, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Ideris A. Genetic Diversity of Recent Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Isolated From Vaccinated Poultry Flocks in Malaysia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:643976. [PMID: 33959650 PMCID: PMC8093787 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.643976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an essential component in controlling infectious bursal disease (IBD), however, there is a lack of information on the genetic characteristics of a recent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that was isolated from IBD vaccinated commercial flocks in Malaysia. The present study investigated 11 IBDV isolates that were isolated from commercial poultry farms. The isolates were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the hypervariable region (HVR) of VP2. Based on the HVR sequences, five isolates (IBS536/2017, IBS624/2017, UPM766/2018, UPM1056/2018, and UPM1432/2019) were selected for whole-genome sequencing using the MiSeq platform. The nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequences were compared with the previously characterized IBDV strains. Deduced aa sequences of VP2HVR revealed seven isolates with 94–99% aa identity to very virulent strains (genogroup 3), two isolates with 97–100% aa identity to variant strains (genogroup 2), and two strains with 100% identity to the vaccine strain (genogroup 1) of IBDV. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that the isolates formed clusters with the respective genogroups. The characteristic motifs 222T, 249K, 286I, and 318D are typical of the variant strain and were observed for UPM1219/2019 and UPM1432/2019. In comparison, very virulent residues such as 222A, 249Q, 286T, and 318G were found for the vvIBDV, except for the UPM1056/2018 strain with a A222T substitution. In addition, the isolate has aa substitutions such as D213N, G254D, S315T, S317R, and A321E that are not commonly found in previously reported vvIBDV strains. Unlike the other vvIBDVs characterized in this study, UPM766/2018 lacks the MLSL aa residues in VP5. The aa tripeptides 145/146/147 (TDN) of VP1 were conserved for the vvIBDV, while a different motif, NED, was observed for the Malaysian variant strain. The phylogenetic tree showed that the IBDV variant clustered with the American and Chinese variant viruses and are highly comparable to the novel Chinese variants, with 99.9% identity. Based on the sequences and phylogenetic analyses, this is the first identification of an IBDV variant being reported in Malaysia. Further research is required to determine the pathogenicity of the IBDV variant and the protective efficacy of the current IBD vaccines being used against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayatuddeen Bako Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Avian Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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15
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The Novel Genetic Background of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Emerging from the Action of Positive Selection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030396. [PMID: 33801413 PMCID: PMC7998436 DOI: 10.3390/v13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulation in Europe of novel reassortant strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), containing a unique genetic background composition, represents a serious problem for animal health. Since the emergence of this novel IBDV mosaic was first described in Poland, this scenario has become particularly attractive to uncover the evolutionary forces driving the genetic diversity of IBDV populations. This study additionally addressed the phenotypic characterization of these emergent strains, as well as the main features affecting the viral fitness during the competition process of IBDV lineages in the field. Our results showed how different evolutionary mechanisms modulate the genetic diversity of co-existent IBDV lineages, leading to the error catastrophe effect, Muller ratchet effect, or prevalence, depending on their genetic compositions. We also determined that the action of the positive selection pressure, depending on the genomic segment on which it is acting, can drive two main phenotypes for IBDV: immune-escaping strains from the selection on segment A or strains with functional advantages from the selection on segment B. This last group seems to possess an increased fitness landscape in the viral quasispecies composition, presenting better adaptability to dissimilar environmental conditions and likely becoming the dominant population. The reassortant strains also exhibited a lower mortality rate compared with the well-known vvIBDV strains, which can facilitate their spreading.
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16
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Naggar RFE, Rohaim MA, Munir M. Potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds. Virus Genes 2020; 56:705-711. [PMID: 32970296 PMCID: PMC7679362 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. This phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) between wild birds and domestic poultry. To this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four species of free-living Egyptian wild birds (i.e. mallard duck, bean goose, white-fronted goose and black-billed magpie). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of three positive isolates revealed that the IBDV/USC-1/2019 strain clustered with previously reported very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) Egyptian isolates. Interestingly, two other wild bird-origin isolates (i.e. IBDV/USC-2/2019 and IBDV/USC-3/2019) grouped with a vaccine strain that is being used in commercial poultry. In conclusion, our results revealed the molecular detection of vaccine and vvIBDV-like strains in Egyptian wild birds and highlighted the potential role of wild birds in IBDV epidemiology in disease-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania F El Naggar
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YG, UK.
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17
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Li G, Kuang H, Guo H, Cai L, Chu D, Wang X, Hu J, Rong J. Development of a recombinant VP2 vaccine for the prevention of novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:557-571. [PMID: 32658552 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1791314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since 2017, novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus (nvIBDV) have been detected in China, while the current vaccines on the market against very virulent IBDV have limited protection against this subtype virus. In this context, a strain of the virus has been isolated, and sequencing alignment and bird regression experiments showed that the virus was IBDV, belonging to the nvIBDV subtype (and named IBDV FJ-1812). Furthermore, the Escherichia coli expression system was used to successfully express soluble nvIBDV rVP2, which is specifically recognized by an anti-IBDV standard serum and anti-nvIBDV positive serum, and could be assembled into 14 - 17 nm virus-like particles. Based on the purified nvIBDV rVP2, we developed an IBDV FJ-1812 VP2 VLP vaccine at a laboratory scale to evaluate protection by this vaccine; in addition, we also prepared an IBDV JZ 3/02 VP2 subunit vaccine targeting very virulent IBDV and evaluated its cross-protection against nvIBDV. Results of bird experiments showed that the nvIBDV rVP2 vaccine could induce high titres of specific antibodies, completely protect the bursa of Fabricius from viral infection, and provide 100% immune protection to SPF and Ross 308 broiler chickens. Furthermore, the IBDV JZ 3/02 VP2 subunit vaccine targeting very virulent IBDV could provide 60% protection for SPF chickens and 80% protection for Ross 308 broiler chickens. This report provides important technical supports for the prevention and control of nvIBDV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopan Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Kuang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxiong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianshen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering Vaccine, Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianfeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering Vaccine, Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Hu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Rong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering Vaccine, Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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18
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Jumaa RS, Allawi AB, Jabbar RN. Genetic Analysis of Field Isolates of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Iraqi Farms. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i1.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty samples of bursa of Fabricius were collected from broiler chickens suspected to be infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in different areas of Iraq for molecular evaluation. The extracted nucleic acid was amplified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting genes of segment A (Vp2, Vp3, Vp4 and Vp5 genes) and segment B (VP1 genes). The products of amplification were sent to Korea for sequencing using Sanger method. The sequencing analysis of the IBDV from the Iraqi isolates revealed that each gene had different transition and transversion (nonsense and missense of point mutation) compared to reference genes. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP2 of segment A of the Iraqi samples was similar to that of an Egyptian strain with 96%similarity, the polypeptide VP2-3-4 of segment A of the Iraqi samples was similar to those of a Chinese strain with 99% similarity and the VP5 of segment A was similar to that of Chinese strain with 99% similarity. However, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP1 of segment B had 95% similarity with that of a Chinese strain.
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Dulwich KL, Asfor A, Gray A, Giotis ES, Skinner MA, Broadbent AJ. The Stronger Downregulation of in vitro and in vivo Innate Antiviral Responses by a Very Virulent Strain of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), Compared to a Classical Strain, Is Mediated, in Part, by the VP4 Protein. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:315. [PMID: 32582573 PMCID: PMC7296162 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IBDV is economically important to the poultry industry. Very virulent (vv) strains cause higher mortality rates than other strains for reasons that remain poorly understood. In order to provide more information on IBDV disease outcome, groups of chickens (n = 18) were inoculated with the vv strain, UK661, or the classical strain, F52/70. Birds infected with UK661 had a lower survival rate (50%) compared to F52/70 (80%). There was no difference in peak viral replication in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), but the expression of chicken IFNα, IFNβ, MX1, and IL-8 was significantly lower in the BF of birds infected with UK661 compared to F52/70 (p < 0.05) as quantified by RTqPCR, and this trend was also observed in DT40 cells infected with UK661 or F52/70 (p < 0.05). The induction of expression of type I IFN in DF-1 cells stimulated with polyI:C (measured by an IFN-β luciferase reporter assay) was significantly reduced in cells expressing ectopic VP4 from UK661 (p < 0.05), but was higher in cells expressing ectopic VP4 from F52/70. Cells infected with a chimeric recombinant IBDV carrying the UK661-VP4 gene in the background of PBG98, an attenuated vaccine strain that induces high levels of innate responses (PBG98-VP4UK661) also showed a reduced level of IFNα and IL-8 compared to cells infected with a chimeric virus carrying the F52/70-VP4 gene (PBG98-VP4F52/70) (p < 0.01), and birds infected with PBG98-VP4UK661 also had a reduced expression of IFNα in the BF compared to birds infected with PBG98-VP4F52/70 (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrate that UK661 induced the expression of lower levels of anti-viral type I IFN and proinflammatory genes than the classical strain in vitro and in vivo and this was, in part, due to strain-dependent differences in the VP4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Dulwich
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Asfor
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Gray
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios S. Giotis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Skinner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Li J, Zheng SJ. Role of MicroRNAs in Host Defense against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Infection: A Hidden Front Line. Viruses 2020; 12:E543. [PMID: 32423052 PMCID: PMC7291112 DOI: 10.3390/v12050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection and the host response, including apoptosis, autophagy and the inhibition of innate immunity. Not only a number of host proteins interacting with or targeted by viral proteins participate in these processes, but microRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved in the host response to IBDV infection. If an IBDV-host interaction at the protein level is taken imaginatively as the front line of the battle between invaders (pathogens) and defenders (host cells), their fight at the RNA level resembles the hidden front line. miRNAs are a class of non-coding single-stranded endogenous RNA molecules with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides (nt) that play important roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Insights into the roles of viral proteins and miRNAs in host response will add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection. The interaction of viral proteins with cellular targets during IBDV infection were previously well-reviewed. This review focuses mainly on the current knowledge of the host response to IBDV infection at the RNA level, in particular, of the nine well-characterized miRNAs that affect cell apoptosis, the innate immune response and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Rapid Generation of Attenuated Infectious Bursal Disease Virus from Dual-Promoter Plasmids by Reduction of Viral Ribonucleoprotein Activity. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01569-19. [PMID: 31915284 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01569-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of the Birnaviridae family leads to immunosuppression of young chickens by destroying B cells in the bursa of Fabricius (BFs). Given the increasing number of variant IBDV strains, we urgently require a method to produce attenuated virus for vaccine development. To accomplish this goal, the dual-promoter plasmids in which the RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase I (Pol I) promoters were placed upstream of the IBDV genomic sequence, which was followed by mouse Pol I terminator and a synthetic polyadenylation signal, were developed for rapid generation of IBDV. This approach did not require trans-supplementation of plasmids for the expression of VP1 and VP3, the main components of IBDV ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Based on the finding in this study that the IBDV RNP activity was partially retained by VP1-FLAG, we successfully rescued the replication-competent IBDV/1FLAG expressing VP1-FLAG. Compared with its parental counterpart, IBDV/1FLAG formed smaller size plaques in cultured cells and induced the same 100% immune protection in vivo However, neither retarded development nor severe BFs lesion was observed in the IBDV/1FLAG-inoculated chickens. Collectively, this is the first report that viral RNP activity was affected by the addition of an epitope tag on the componential viral proteins. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the rapid generation of attenuated IBDV from dual-promoter plasmids via reducing viral RNP activity by a fused FLAG tag on the C terminus of VP1. This would be a convenient strategy to attenuate epidemic variant IBDV strains for rapid and efficient vaccine development.IMPORTANCE Immunosuppression in chickens as a result of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide every year. Currently, vaccination is still the best way to prevent the prevalence of IBDV. However, with the occurrence of increasing numbers of variant IBDV strains, it is challenging to develop antigen-matched live attenuated vaccine. Here, we first developed a dual-promoter reverse-genetic system for the rapid generation of IBDV. Using this system, the attenuated IBDV/1FLAG expressing VP1-FLAG, which displays the decreased viral RNP activity, was rescued. Moreover, IBDV/1FLAG inoculation induced a similar level of neutralizing antibodies to that of its parental counterpart, protecting chickens against lethal challenge. Our study, for the first time, describes a dual-promoter reverse-genetic approach for the rapid generation of attenuated IBDV while maintaining entire parental antigenicity, suggesting a potential new method to attenuate epidemic variant IBDV strains for vaccine development.
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22
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Epigenetic Upregulation of Chicken MicroRNA-16-5p Expression in DF-1 Cells following Infection with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Enhances IBDV-Induced Apoptosis and Viral Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01724-19. [PMID: 31694944 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01724-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by silencing or degrading their targets and play important roles in the host response to pathogenic infection. Although infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-induced apoptosis in host cells has been established, the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely unraveled. Here, we show that infection of DF-1 cells by IBDV induced gga-miR-16-5p (chicken miR-16-5p) expression via demethylation of the pre-miR-16-2 (gga-miR-16-5p precursor) promoter. We found that ectopic expression of gga-miR-16-5p in DF-1 cells enhanced IBDV-induced apoptosis by directly targeting the cellular antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), facilitating IBDV replication in DF-1 cells. In contrast, inhibition of endogenous miR-16-5p markedly suppressed apoptosis associated with enhanced Bcl-2 expression, arresting viral replication in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, infection of DF-1 cells with IBDV reduced Bcl-2 expression, and this reduction could be abolished by inhibition of gga-miR-16-5p expression. Moreover, transfection of DF-1 cells with gga-miR-16-5p mimics enhanced IBDV-induced apoptosis associated with increased cytochrome c release and caspase-9 and -3 activation, and inhibition of caspase-3 decreased IBDV growth in DF-1 cells. Thus, epigenetic upregulation of gga-miR-16-5p expression by IBDV infection enhances IBDV-induced apoptosis by targeting the cellular antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, facilitating IBDV replication in host cells.IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens, causing severe economic losses to stakeholders across the globe. Although IBD virus (IBDV)-induced apoptosis in the host has been established, the underlying mechanism is not very clear. Here, we show that infection of DF-1 cells by IBDV upregulated gga-miR-16-5p expression via demethylation of the pre-miR-16-2 promoter. Overexpression of gga-miR-16-5p enhanced IBDV-induced apoptosis associated with increased cytochrome c release and caspase-9 and -3 activation. Importantly, we found that IBDV infection induced expression of gga-miR-16-5p that triggered apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2, favoring IBDV replication, while inhibition of gga-miR-16-5p in IBDV-infected cells restored Bcl-2 expression, slowing down viral growth, indicating that IBDV induces apoptosis by epigenetic upregulation of gga-miR-16-5p expression. These findings uncover a novel mechanism employed by IBDV for its own benefit, which may be used as a potential target for intervening IBDV infection.
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Tomás G, Marandino A, Techera C, Olivera V, Perbolianachis P, Fuques E, Grecco S, Hernández M, Hernández D, Calleros L, Craig MI, Panzera Y, Vagnozzi A, Pérez R. Origin and global spreading of an ancestral lineage of the infectious bursal disease virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:1198-1212. [PMID: 31834976 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an economically relevant and widespread pathogen that produces immunosuppression in young chickens. IBDV is genetically classified into seven genogroups (G1-G7), where the traditional classic, variant and very virulent strains correspond to G1, G2 and G3, respectively. The G4 strains, also known as 'distinct' (dIBDV), have recently acquired increased relevance because of their prevalence and notorious impair to the poultry industry in South America. Here, worldwide dIBDV strains were studied using phylogenetic and phylodynamic approaches. The phylogenetic analyses performed using partial and complete sequences of both viral segments (A and B) consistently clustered the dIBDV strains in a monophyletic group. The analyses of the VP5, polyprotein and VP1 coding regions identified amino acid residues that act as markers for the identification of the entire dIBDV group or different sub-populations. The phylodynamic analyses performed using the hypervariable region of VP2 indicated that the dIBDV strains emerged in the early 1930s in Eastern Europe, shortly after the emergence of classic strains (1927) and before variant (1949) and very virulent strains (1967). The analysis of the migration routes indicated that after its emergence, the dIBDV strains spread to Eastern Asia around 1959, to Brazil around 1963, and to Argentina around 1990. These inter-continental migrations resulted in three sub-populations that are currently represented by strains from (a) Brazil, (b) Eastern Asia and Canada, and (c) Eastern Europe, Argentina and Uruguay. Taken together, our results highlight the complex evolutionary history of IBDV and the importance of new phylodynamic data to unravel and nearly follow the different evolutionary pathways taken by this important poultry pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Olivera
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Perbolianachis
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eddie Fuques
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Isabel Craig
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ariel Vagnozzi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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24
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Drissi Touzani C, Fellahi S, Fassi Fihri O, Gaboun F, Khayi S, Mentag R, Lico C, Baschieri S, El Houadfi M, Ducatez M. Complete genome analysis and time scale evolution of very virulent infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from recent outbreaks in Morocco. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104097. [PMID: 31678239 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) genotype in poultry flocks in Morocco were characterized. VP2 sequence analysis showed that the strains of Moroccan vvIBDV genotypes clustered separately from classic and vaccine strains reference of IBDV. The full-length genome of four Moroccan vvIBDV strains was determined, in order to get a more exhaustive molecular characterization allowing to conduct the evolution time scale and speculations on their origin. In a phylogenetic tree, nucleotide sequences of segment A and B formed a common branch with those vvIBDV references strains published in GenBank, but they clearly grouped into a distinct subcluster. An alignment of deduced amino acid sequences segment B, confirmed the presence of the conserved TDN tripeptide found in all of the vvIBDV genotype and revealed the presence of 2 substitutions I472L and E688D specific for the vvIBDV Moroccan isolates. The deduced amino acid sequences of segment A genes showed the presence of the "signature" typical of the vvIBDV genotype and revealed the presence of 7 aa substitutions specific for the vvIBDV Moroccan strains. The evolution rate for IBDV VP2 gene was estimated at 5.875 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year. The estimation of the time to most common recent ancestor of Moroccan vvIBDV based on the VP2 sequences available was 31 years, corresponding to 3 years earlier than the first vvIBDV case detection in layers in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaires, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202. Rabat- Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaires, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202. Rabat- Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaires, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202. Rabat- Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Fatima Gaboun
- Unité de Biotechnologie, CRRA-Rabat, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui B.P 6356, Rabat- Instituts, 10101 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Slimane Khayi
- Unité de Biotechnologie, CRRA-Rabat, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui B.P 6356, Rabat- Instituts, 10101 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Unité de Biotechnologie, CRRA-Rabat, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui B.P 6356, Rabat- Instituts, 10101 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Chiara Lico
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaires, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202. Rabat- Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, IHAP, F- 31076 Toulouse, France.
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Tomás G, Marandino A, Courtillon C, Amelot M, Keita A, Pikula A, Hernández M, Hernández D, Vagnozzi A, Panzera Y, Domańska-Blicharz K, Eterradossi N, Pérez R, Soubies SM. Antigenicity, pathogenicity and immunosuppressive effect caused by a South American isolate of infectious bursal disease virus belonging to the "distinct" genetic lineage. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:245-254. [PMID: 30663339 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1572867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease affecting young chickens. The recently described "distinct IBDV" (dIBDV) genetic lineage encompasses a group of worldwide distributed strains that share conserved genetic characteristics in both genome segments making them unique within IBDV strains. Phenotypic characterization of these strains is scarce and limited to Asiatic and European strains collected more than 15 years ago. The present study aimed to assess the complete and comprehensive phenotypic characterization of a recently collected South American dIBDV strain (1/chicken/URY/1302/16). Genetic analyses of both partial genome segments confirmed that this strain belongs to the dIBDV genetic lineage and that it is not a reassortant. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies indicated that this strain has a particular antigenic profile, similar to that obtained in a dIBDV strain from Europe (80/GA), which differs from those previously found in the traditional classic, variant and very virulent strains. Chickens infected with the South American dIBDV strain showed subclinical infections but had a marked bursal atrophy. Further analysis using Newcastle disease virus-immunized chickens, previously infected with the South American and European dIBDV strains, demonstrated their severe immunosuppressive effect. These results indicate that dIBDV strains currently circulating in South America can severely impair the immune system of chickens, consequently affecting the local poultry industry. Our study provides new insights into the characteristics and variability of this global genetic lineage and is valuable to determine whether specific control measures are required for the dIBDV lineage. Research Highlights A South American strain of the dIBDV lineage was phenotypically characterized. The strain produced subclinical infections with a marked bursal atrophy. Infected chickens were severely immunosuppressed. The dIBDV strains are antigenically divergent from other IBDV lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tomás
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias , Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias , Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Céline Courtillon
- b Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC) , French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) Ploufragan , France
| | - Michel Amelot
- b Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC) , French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) Ploufragan , France
| | - Alassane Keita
- b Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC) , French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) Ploufragan , France
| | - Anna Pikula
- c Department of Poultry Diseases , National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy , Poland
| | - Martín Hernández
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias , Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Diego Hernández
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias , Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Ariel Vagnozzi
- d Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias , Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República Montevideo , Uruguay
| | | | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- b Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC) , French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) Ploufragan , France
| | - Ruben Pérez
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias , Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Sébastien Mathieu Soubies
- b Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC) , French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) Ploufragan , France
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26
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Techera C, Tomás G, Panzera Y, Banda A, Perbolianachis P, Pérez R, Marandino A. Development of real-time PCR assays for single and simultaneous detection of infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anemia virus. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 43:58-63. [PMID: 30447279 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) cause relevant immunosuppressive diseases in poultry. Clinical diagnosis of these viruses is challenging given the different disease presentations and the frequent occurrence of co-infections with other pathogens. Here, we standardized and validated simplex and duplex RT-qPCR assays for the straightforward detection of IBDV and CAV. The qPCR assays are based on primers and hydrolysis probes that target highly conserved regions of IBDV and CAV genomes. Analytical sensitivity tests on 10-fold serial dilutions containing 100-108 viral genomes indicated that the simplex assays have good determination coefficients and efficiency and detect a wide range of virus doses (102 to 108 molecules copies/reactions). The relatively small values of intra- and inter-assay variability ensure the repeatability and support its reproducibility in different diagnostic and research facilities. The assays are also efficient tools for absolute quantification as indicated by the analytical performance analysis. The assays have an excellent specificity and absence of cross-reactivity with negative samples, or with other common avian viruses. The simplex IBDV and CAV assays use probes labelled with different dyes (FAM and HEX) and can be multiplexed for the simultaneous detection of both viruses. The determination coefficients, PCR efficiencies, and relatively small intra- and inter-assay variability were comparable to the simplex assays. This duplex assay is the first to simultaneously detect IBDV and CAV using the same RNA extraction from the bursa of Fabricius in a single and straightforward step. Therefore, this method is time saving, provides quantitative results for both targets without any cross-reaction, and reduces the risk of carrying-over contaminations. The qPCR assays here developed can be used in simplex and duplex formats for detection and quantification of large number of samples with reliable sensitivity and specificity. These tools are expected to improve surveillance and control of these ubiquitous viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Banda
- Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 97813, Pearl, MS39288, USA
| | - Paula Perbolianachis
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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27
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Identification and assessment of virulence of a natural reassortant of infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Res 2018; 49:89. [PMID: 30208951 PMCID: PMC6134583 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most important immunosuppressive viral agents in poultry production. Prophylactic vaccinations of chicken flocks are the primary tool for disease control. Widely used immunoprophylaxis can, however, provide high pressure which contributes to the genetic diversification of circulating viruses, e.g. through reassortment of genome segments. We report the genetic and phenotypic characterization of a field reassortant IBDV (designated as Bpop/03) that acquired segment A from very virulent IBDV and segment B from classical attenuated D78-like IBDV. Despite the mosaic genetic make-up, the virus caused high mortality (80%) in experimentally infected SPF chickens and induced lesions typical of the acute form of IBD. The in vivo study results are in contrast with the foregoing experimental investigations in which the natural reassortants exhibited an intermediate pathotype, and underline the complex nature of IBDV virulence.
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Maqsood I, Shi W, Wang L, Wang X, Han B, Zhao H, Nadeem A, Moshin B, Saima K, Jamal S, Din M, Xu Y, Tang L, Li Y. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of orally administered recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing VP2 protein against IBDV in chicken. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1670-1681. [PMID: 30118165 PMCID: PMC7166448 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop an effective oral vaccine against the very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV), we generated two recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum strains (pPG612-VP2/LP and pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP, which carried the T7g10 translational enhancer) that displayed the VP2 protein on the surface, and compared the humoral and cellular immune responses against vvIBDV in chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS We genetically engineered the L. plantarum strains pPG612-VP2/LP and pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP constitutively expressing the VP2 protein of vvIBDV. We found that the T7g10 enhancer efficiently upregulates VP2 expression in pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP. Orally administered, pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP exhibited significant levels of protection (87·5%) against vvIBDV in chickens, indicating improved immunogenicity. Chickens in the pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP group produced higher levels of interferons (IFN-γ) and interleukins (IL-2 and IL-4) than those in the pPG612-VP2/LP group. CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocyte counts indicated greater stimulation in the pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP group (13·3 and 21·0% respectively) than in the pPG612-VP2/LP group (10·4 and 14·0% respectively). Thus, pPG612-T7g10-VP2/LP could induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses against vvIBDV. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant L. plantarum that expresses pPG612-T7g10-VP2 is a promising candidate for oral vaccine development against vvIBDV. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The recombinant Lactobacillus delivery system provides a promising strategy for vaccine development against vvIBDV in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Maqsood
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - W. Shi
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - L. Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - X. Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - B. Han
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - H. Zhao
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - A.M. Nadeem
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - B.S. Moshin
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - K. Saima
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - S.S. Jamal
- Department of ManagementHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - M.F. Din
- Department of Molecular GeneticsChinese Academy of Science (CAS)University of Science and Technology (USTC)HefeiChina
| | - Y. Xu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - L. Tang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Y. Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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Fu M, Wang B, Chen X, He Z, Wang Y, Li X, Cao H, Zheng SJ. gga-miR-454 suppresses infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) replication via directly targeting IBDV genomic segment B and cellular Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 6 (SOCS6). Virus Res 2018; 252:29-40. [PMID: 29777734 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as post-transcriptional regulators, play important roles in the process of viral infection through inhibiting virus replication or modulating host immune response. However, the role of miRNAs in host response against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection is still unclear. In this study, we found that gga-miR-454 of the host was decreased in response to IBDV infection and that transfection of DF-1 cells with miR-454 inhibited IBDV replication via directly targeting the specific sequence of IBDV genomic segment B, while blockage of endogenous miR-454 by inhibitors enhanced virus replication. Furthermore, gga-miR-454 increased the expression of IFN-β by targeting Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 6 (SOCS6), enhancing the antiviral response of host cells. These findings highlight a crucial role of gga-miR-454 in host defense against IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Hijacks Endosomal Membranes as the Scaffolding Structure for Viral Replication. J Virol 2018. [PMID: 29540593 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01964-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Birnaviruses are unconventional members of the group of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses that are characterized by the lack of a transcriptionally active inner core. Instead, the birnaviral particles organize their genome in ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) composed by dsRNA segments, the dsRNA-binding VP3 protein, and the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). This and other structural features suggest that birnaviruses may follow a completely different replication program from that followed by members of the Reoviridae family, supporting the hypothesis that birnaviruses are the evolutionary link between single-stranded positive RNA (+ssRNA) and dsRNA viruses. Here we demonstrate that infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a prototypical member of the Birnaviridae family, hijacks endosomal membranes of infected cells through the interaction of a viral protein, VP3, with the phospholipids on the cytosolic leaflet of these compartments for replication. Employing a mutagenesis approach, we demonstrated that VP3 domain PATCH 2 (P2) mediates the association of VP3 with the endosomal membranes. To determine the role of VP3 P2 in the context of the virus replication cycle, we used avian cells stably overexpressing VP3 P2 for IBDV infection. Importantly, the intra- and extracellular virus yields, as well as the intracellular levels of VP2 viral capsid protein, were significantly diminished in cells stably overexpressing VP3 P2. Together, our results indicate that the association of VP3 with endosomes has a relevant role in the IBDV replication cycle. This report provides direct experimental evidence for membranous compartments such as endosomes being required by a dsRNA virus for its replication. The results also support the previously proposed role of birnaviruses as an evolutionary link between +ssRNA and dsRNA viruses.IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease (IBD; also called Gumboro disease) is an acute, highly contagious immunosuppressive disease that affects young chickens and spreads worldwide. The etiological agent of IBD is infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). This virus destroys the central immune organ (bursa of Fabricius), resulting in immunosuppression and reduced responses of chickens to vaccines, which increase their susceptibility to other pathogens. IBDV is a member of Birnaviridae family, which comprises unconventional members of dsRNA viruses, whose replication strategy has been scarcely studied. In this report we show that IBDV hijacks the endosomes of the infected cells for establishing viral replication complexes via the association of the ribonucleoprotein complex component VP3 with the phospholipids in the cytosolic leaflet of endosomal membranes. We show that this interaction is mediated by the VP3 PATCH 2 domain and demonstrate its relevant role in the context of viral infection.
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VP1 and VP3 Are Required and Sufficient for Translation Initiation of Uncapped Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Genomic Double-Stranded RNA. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01345-17. [PMID: 29093101 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01345-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a bisegmented double-strand RNA (dsRNA) virus of the Birnaviridae family. While IBDV genomic dsRNA lacks a 5' cap, the means by which the uncapped IBDV genomic RNA is translated effectively is unknown. In this study, we describe a cap-independent pathway of translation initiation of IBDV uncapped RNA that relies on VP1 and VP3. We show that neither purified IBDV genomic dsRNA nor the uncapped viral plus-sense RNA transcripts were directly translated and rescued into infectious viruses in host cells. This defect in translation of the uncapped IBDV genomic dsRNA was rescued by trans-supplementation of the viral proteins VP1 and VP3 which was dependent on both the intact polymerase activity of VP1 and the dsRNA binding activity of VP3. Deletion analysis showed that both 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of IBDV dsRNA were essential for VP1/VP3-dependent translation initiation. Significantly, VP1 and VP3 could also mediate the recovery of infectious IBDV from the authentic minus-sense strand of IBDV dsRNA. Moreover, downregulation or inhibition of the cap-binding protein eIF4E did not decrease but, rather, enhanced the VP1/VP3-mediated translation of the uncapped IBDV RNA. Collectively, our findings for the first time reveal that VP1 and VP3 compensate for the deficiency of the 5' cap and replace eIF4E to confer upon the uncapped IBDV RNA the ability to be translated and rescued into infectious viruses.IMPORTANCE A key point of control for virus replication is viral translation initiation. The current study shows that the uncapped IBDV RNA cannot be translated into viral proteins directly by host translation machinery and is thus noninfectious. Our results constitute the first direct experimental evidence that VP1 and VP3 are required and sufficient to initiate translation of uncapped IBDV genomic RNA by acting as a substitute for cap and replacing the cap-binding protein eIF4E. Significantly, VP1/VP3 mediate the recovery of infectious IBDV not only from the plus-sense strand but also from the minus-sense strand of the IBDV dsRNA. These findings provide not only new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the life cycle of IBDV but also a new tool for an alternative strategy for the recovery of IBDV from both the plus- and the minus-sense strands of the viral genomic dsRNA.
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He Z, Chen X, Fu M, Tang J, Li X, Cao H, Wang Y, Zheng SJ. Infectious bursal disease virus protein VP4 suppresses type I interferon expression via inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitylation of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Immunobiology 2017; 223:374-382. [PMID: 29146236 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have developed a variety of methods to evade host immune response. Our previous study showed that infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) inhibited type I interferon production via interaction of VP4 with cellular glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that IBDV VP4 suppressed GILZ degradation by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitylation of GILZ. Furthermore, mutation of VP4 (R41G) abolished the inhibitory effect of VP4 on IFN-β expression and GILZ ubiquitylation, indicating that the amino acid 41R of VP4 was required for the suppression of IFN-β expression and GILZ ubiquitylation. Moreover, IBDV infection or VP4 expression markedly inhibited endogenous GILZ ubiquitylation. Thus, IBDV VP4 suppresses type I interferon expression by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitylation of GILZ, revealing a new mechanism employed by IBDV to suppress host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengjiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonsis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Jackwood DJ, Stoute ST, Crossley BM. Pathogenicity of Genome Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses in Chickens and Turkeys. Avian Dis 2017; 60:765-772. [PMID: 27902905 DOI: 10.1637/11409-031116-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) contains two genome segments (segment A/segment B) that can reassort among the viruses. Reassortant IBDVs have been identified in several countries including the United States. These reassortant viruses usually include at least one genome segment from a very virulent (vv)IBDV strain. In vivo virulence of six reassortant IBDV from the United States was assessed relative to the virulence of three frequently described IBDV pathotypes: vvIBDV (rB strain), classic virulent (cv)IBDV (STC strain), and subclinical (sc)IBDV (Del-E strain). Morbidity and mortality in 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) leghorns indicated that reassortant IBDV with a vv genome segment A and non-vv segment B were less pathogenic than the vv/vv rB strain but more pathogenic than the cv/cv STC strain. The sc/vv IBDV strain D6337 (sc/vv) was comparable to the STC strain in pathogenicity. Viruses with a serotype 2 (ser2) genome segment A, regardless of the type of genome segment B, did not cause clinical disease in SPF chickens or turkeys. None of the reassorted viruses caused morbidity, mortality, or gross lesions in SPF turkeys. Histopathologic lesions in the bursa of turkeys were not observed in any group except those challenged with the serotype 2 OH strain, which had a mild lymphocytic depletion. No mortality was observed in maternally immune broilers inoculated with any of the IBDV pathotypes at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk of age. No bursal lesions were observed in any of the broiler chicken groups at 1 wk of age except for the D2712 (ser2/cv)-inoculated birds that had mild lymphocyte depletion. Based on evaluation of bursal lesion scores and IBDV reverse transcriptase-PCR on broilers challenged at 2 wk of age, the K669 (vv/ser2) virus broke through the maternal immunity while the STC, Del-E, rB, D2712 (ser2/cv), and 7741 (vv/cv) viruses did not. All viruses broke through maternal immunity in the broilers at 3 wk of age except the Del-E scIBDV and D2712 (ser2/cv) reassortant IBDVs. At 4 wk of age, maternal antibodies were very low and bursal lesions were observed in all broilers challenged with the viruses. The data indicate that genome reassortant IBDVs are less pathogenic than is the rB (vv/vv) IBDV. However, the reassortant viruses with a vv genome segment A can still cause morbidity and mortality in SPF chickens, and they were able to break through maternal immunity produced via use of commercial classic and variant vaccines at an early age. This suggests that current breeder vaccination programs may not adequately protect against the reassortant vv/ser2 and vv/cv IBDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daral J Jackwood
- A Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Simone T Stoute
- B University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Beate M Crossley
- C University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis Branch, 620 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616
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Qin Y, Xu Z, Wang Y, Li X, Cao H, Zheng SJ. VP2 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Induces Apoptosis via Triggering Oral Cancer Overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1) Protein Degradation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1351. [PMID: 28769911 PMCID: PMC5515827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by IBD virus (IBDV). Cell apoptosis triggered by IBDV contributes to the dysfunction of immune system in host. VP2 of IBDV is known to induce cell death but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that VP2 interacts with the oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1), a potential oncoprotein. Infection by IBDV or ectopic expression of VP2 causes a reduction of cellular ORAOV1 and induction of apoptosis, so does knockdown of ORAOV1. In contrast, over-expression of ORAOV1 leads to the inhibition of VP2- or IBDV-induced apoptosis, accompanied with the decreased viral release (p < 0.05). Thus, VP2-induced apoptosis during IBDV infection is mediated by interacting with and reducing ORAOV1, a protein that appears to act as an antiapoptotic molecule and restricts viral release early during IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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Manríquez RA, Vera T, Villalba MV, Mancilla A, Vakharia VN, Yañez AJ, Cárcamo JG. Molecular characterization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus strains isolated from the three types of salmonids farmed in Chile. Virol J 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28143585 PMCID: PMC5282824 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes significant economic losses in Chilean salmon farming. For effective sanitary management, the IPNV strains present in Chile need to be fully studied, characterized, and constantly updated at the molecular level. Methods In this study, 36 Chilean IPNV isolates collected over 6 years (2006–2011) from Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Oncorhynchus kisutch were genotypically characterized. Salmonid samples were obtained from freshwater, estuary, and seawater sources from central, southern, and the extreme-south of Chile (35° to 53°S). Results Sequence analysis of the VP2 gene classified 10 IPNV isolates as genogroup 1 and 26 as genogroup 5. Analyses indicated a preferential, but not obligate, relationship between genogroup 5 isolates and S. salar infection. Fifteen genogroup 5 and nine genogroup 1 isolates presented VP2 gene residues associated with high virulence (i.e. Thr, Ala, and Thr at positions 217, 221, and 247, respectively). Four genogroup 5 isolates presented an oddly long VP5 deduced amino acid sequence (29.6 kDa). Analysis of the VP2 amino acid motifs associated with clinical and subclinical infections identified the clinical fingerprint in only genogroup 5 isolates; in contrast, the genogroup 1 isolates presented sequences predominantly associated with the subclinical fingerprint. Predictive analysis of VP5 showed an absence of transmembrane domains and plasma membrane tropism signals. WebLogo analysis of the VP5 BH domains revealed high identities with the marine birnavirus Y-6 and Japanese IPNV strain E1-S. Sequence analysis for putative 25 kDa proteins, coded by the ORF between VP2 and VP4, exhibited three putative nuclear localization sequences and signals of mitochondrial tropism in two isolates. Conclusions This study provides important advances in updating the characterizations of IPNV strains present in Chile. The results from this study will help in identifying epidemiological links and generating specific biotechnological tools for controlling IPNV outbreaks in Chilean salmon farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- René A Manríquez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tamara Vera
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Melina V Villalba
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Mancilla
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Vikram N Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, 21202, USA
| | - Alejandro J Yañez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan G Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. .,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Valdivia, Chile.
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Qin Y, Zheng SJ. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus-Host Interactions: Multifunctional Viral Proteins that Perform Multiple and Differing Jobs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E161. [PMID: 28098808 PMCID: PMC5297794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive poultry disease caused by IBD virus (IBDV). The consequent immunosuppression increases susceptibility to other infectious diseases and the risk of subsequent vaccination failure as well. Since the genome of IBDV is relatively small, it has a limited number of proteins inhibiting the cellular antiviral responses and acting as destroyers to the host defense system. Thus, these virulence factors must be multifunctional in order to complete the viral replication cycle in a host cell. Insights into the roles of these viral proteins along with their multiple cellular targets in different pathways will give rise to a rational design for safer and effective vaccines. Here we summarize the recent findings that focus on the virus-cell interactions during IBDV infection at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tomás G, Hernández M, Marandino A, Techera C, Grecco S, Hernández D, Banda A, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Development of an RT-qPCR assay for the specific detection of a distinct genetic lineage of the infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:150-156. [PMID: 27924642 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1228827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a major health threat to the world's poultry industry despite intensive controls including proper biosafety practices and vaccination. IBDV (Avibirnavirus, Birnaviridae) is a non-enveloped virus with a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome. The virus is traditionally classified into classic, variant and very virulent strains, each with different epidemiological relevance and clinical implications. Recently, a novel worldwide spread genetic lineage was described and denoted as distinct (d) IBDV. Here, we report the development and validation of a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay for the specific detection of dIBDVs in the global poultry industry. The assay employs a TaqMan-MGB probe that hybridizes with a unique molecular signature of dIBDV. The assay successfully detected all the assessed strains belonging to the dIBDV genetic lineage, showing high specificity and absence of cross-reactivity with non-dIBDVs, IBDV-negative samples and other common avian viruses. Using serial dilutions of in vitro-transcribed RNA we obtained acceptable PCR efficiencies and determination coefficients, and relatively small intra- and inter-assay variability. The assay demonstrated a wide dynamic range between 103 and 108 RNA copies/reaction. This rapid, specific and quantitative assay is expected to improve IBDV surveillance and control worldwide and to increase our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of this economically detrimental poultry pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tomás
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Claudia Techera
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Sofia Grecco
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Diego Hernández
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Banda
- b Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University , Pearl , MS , USA
| | - Yanina Panzera
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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Li K, Liu Y, Liu C, Gao L, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Cui H, Qi X, Zhong L, Wang X. Effects of different promoters on the protective efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus type 1 expressing the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus. Vaccine 2016; 34:5744-5750. [PMID: 27742216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The vaccine efficacy of recombinant viruses can be influenced by many factors. Accordingly, the activity of promoters has been one of the major factors affecting the antigen expression and protection rate. In the present study, two recombinant Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV1) vaccines containing the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) under control of different promoters were generated from overlapping fosmid DNAs. The rMDV-Pec-VP2 virus containing the VP2 gene under control of the Pec promoter (CMV enhancer and chicken β-actin chimera promoter) demonstrated higher VP2 expression and stronger antibody response against IBDV in chickens than the rMDV-CMV-VP2 virus using the CMV promoter. After IBDV lethal challenge in specific-pathogen-free chickens, rMDV-Pec-VP2 provided complete protection against developing mortality, clinical signs, and the formation of bursal lesions, which was better than that provided by rMDV-CMV-VP2. Our findings indicate that the protective efficacy of the recombinant MDV1 vaccine against IBDV highly correlates with VP2 expression. This recombinant MDV1 vaccine expressing VP2 could have significant potential as a bivalent vaccine against both virulent IBDV and MDV infections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Zhong
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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Zheng X, Jia L, Hu B, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Gao X, Deng T, Bao S, Xu L, Zhou J. The C-terminal amyloidogenic peptide contributes to self-assembly of Avibirnavirus viral protease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14794. [PMID: 26440769 PMCID: PMC4594098 DOI: 10.1038/srep14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other viral protease, Avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-encoded viral protease VP4 forms unusual intracellular tubule-like structures during viral infection. However, the formation mechanism and potential biological functions of intracellular VP4 tubules remain largely elusive. Here, we show that VP4 can assemble into tubules in diverse IBDV-infected cells. Dynamic analysis show that VP4 initiates the assembly at early stage of IBDV infection, and gradually assembles into larger size of fibrils within the cytoplasm and nucleus. Intracellular assembly of VP4 doesn't involve the host cytoskeleton, other IBDV-encoded viral proteins or vital subcellular organelles. Interestingly, the last C-terminal hydrophobic and amyloidogenic stretch (238)YHLAMA(243) with two "aggregation-prone" alanine residues was found to be essential for its intracellular self-assembly. The assembled VP4 fibrils show significantly low solubility, subsequently, the deposition of highly assembled VP4 structures ultimately deformed the host cytoskeleton and nucleus, which was potentially associated with IBDV lytic infection. Importantly, the assembly of VP4 significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of protease activity in host cells which potentially prevent the premature cell death and facilitate viral replication. This study provides novel insights into the formation mechanism and biological functions of the Avibirnavirus protease-related fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Lu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Boli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tingjuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shengjun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Rani S, Kumar S. Evaluation of infectious bursal disease virus stability at different conditions of temperature and pH. Biologicals 2015; 43:515-8. [PMID: 26265229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of poultry. The disease poses a serious threat to the economy of many developing countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) belongs to the family Birnaviridae. The IBDV is well characterized to cause immunosuppression in poultry. The live attenuated vaccine is the only way to protect the chickens from IBDV infection. The ineffectiveness of vaccine is one of the major causes of IBDV outbreaks in field condition. In the present study, we discuss briefly about the biology of IBDV genome and its proteins under different conditions of temperature and pH in order to evaluate its infectivity under adverse physical conditions. Our results indicate that the IBDV is non-infective above 42 °C and unstable above 72 °C. However, the change in pH does not significantly contribute to the IBDV stability. The study will be useful in estimating an optimum storage condition for IBDV vaccines without causing any deterioration in its viability and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Wang S, Hu B, Si W, Jia L, Zheng X, Zhou J. Avibirnavirus VP4 Protein Is a Phosphoprotein and Partially Contributes to the Cleavage of Intermediate Precursor VP4-VP3 Polyprotein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128828. [PMID: 26046798 PMCID: PMC4457844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Birnavirus-encoded viral protein 4 (VP4) utilizes a Ser/Lys catalytic dyad mechanism to process polyprotein. Here three phosphorylated amino acid residues Ser538, Tyr611 and Thr674 within the VP4 protein of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae, were identified by mass spectrometry. Anti-VP4 monoclonal antibodies finely mapping to phosphorylated (p)Ser538 and the epitope motif 530PVVDGIL536 were generated and verified. Proteomic analysis showed that in IBDV-infected cells the VP4 was distributed mainly in the cytoskeletal fraction and existed with different isoelectric points and several phosphorylation modifications. Phosphorylation of VP4 did not influence the aggregation of VP4 molecules. The proteolytic activity analysis verified that the pTyr611 and pThr674 sites within VP4 are involved in the cleavage of viral intermediate precursor VP4-VP3. This study demonstrates that IBDV-encoded VP4 protein is a unique phosphoprotein and that phosphorylation of Tyr611 and Thr674 of VP4 affects its serine-protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Boli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weiying Si
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (JYZ); (XJZ)
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (JYZ); (XJZ)
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Cyclophilin A Interacts with Viral VP4 and Inhibits the Replication of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:719454. [PMID: 26090438 PMCID: PMC4458279 DOI: 10.1155/2015/719454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein VP4, a serine protease of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of polyprotein pVP2-VP4-VP3 to form the viral proteins VP2, VP4, and VP3, is essential to the replication of IBDV. However, the interacting partners of VP4 in host cells and the effects of the interaction on the IBDV lifecycle remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, using the yeast two-hybrid system, the putative VP4-interacting partner cyclophilin A (CypA) was obtained from a chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) expression library. CypA was further confirmed to interact with VP4 of IBDV using co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), GST pull-down, and confocal microscopy assays. Moreover, we found that the overexpression of CypA suppressed IBDV replication, whereas the knock-down of CypA by small interfering RNAs promoted the replication of IBDV. Taken together, our findings indicate that the host cell protein CypA interacts with viral VP4 and inhibits the replication of IBDV.
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Hernández M, Tomás G, Marandino A, Iraola G, Maya L, Mattion N, Hernández D, Villegas P, Banda A, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Genetic characterization of South American infectious bursal disease virus reveals the existence of a distinct worldwide-spread genetic lineage. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:212-21. [PMID: 25746415 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most concerning health problems for world poultry production. IBDVs comprise four well-defined evolutionary lineages known as classic (c), classic attenuated (ca), variant (va) and very virulent (vv) strains. Here, we characterized IBDVs from South America by the genetic analysis of both segments of the viral genome. Viruses belonging to c, ca and vv strains were unambiguously classified by the presence of molecular markers and phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable region of the vp2 gene. Notably, the majority of the characterized viruses (9 out of 15) could not be accurately assigned to any of the previously described strains and were then denoted as distinct (d) IBDVs. These dIBDVs constitute an independent evolutionary lineage that also comprises field IBDVs from America, Europe and Asia. The hypervariable VP2 sequence of dIBDVs has a unique and conserved molecular signature (272T, 289P, 290I and 296F) that is a diagnostic character for classification. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) also identified the dIBDVs as a cluster of genetically related viruses separated from the typical strains. DAPC and genetic distance estimation indicated that the dIBDVs are one of the most genetically divergent IBDV lineages. The vp1 gene of the dIBDVs has non-vvIBDV markers and unique nucleotide and amino acid features that support their divergence in both genomic segments. The present study suggests that the dIBDVs comprise a neglected, highly divergent lineage that has been circulating in world poultry production since the early time of IBDV emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Hernández
- a Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal , Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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Li K, Courtillon C, Guionie O, Allée C, Amelot M, Qi X, Gao Y, Wang X, Eterradossi N. Genetic, antigenic and pathogenic characterization of four infectious bursal disease virus isolates from China suggests continued evolution of very virulent viruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 30:120-127. [PMID: 25528137 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically significant disease of young chickens worldwide. The emergence of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains has brought more challenges for effective prevention and control of this disease. The aim of the present study was to characterize four IBDV isolates from various regions of China between late 1990s and recent years and to compare them with previously isolated European IBDV strains. In this study, one Chinese vvIBDV strain isolated in 1999 and three strains isolated between 2005 and 2011 were analyzed at the genetic, antigenic and pathogenic levels. Strain SH99 was closely related and clustered in the same genetic lineage as the typical vvIBDV based on the genomic sequences of segments A and B. However, the three more recent Chinese vvIBDV (HLJ0504, HeB10 and HuN11) showed several genetic changes in both segments and clustered in a distinct lineage from the typical vvIBDV and the previously known Chinese vvIBDV. Based on the binding to a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, all Chinese vvIBDVs exhibited similar antigenicity with the European typical vvIBDV strains. Nonetheless, the pathogenicity caused by the recent Chinese vvIBDV was higher than that induced by the European typical vvIBDV. This study calls for a sustained surveillance of IBD situation in China in order to support a better prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Céline Courtillon
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), Anses-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Olivier Guionie
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), Anses-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), Anses-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Experimental Poultry and Rabbit Unit (SELEAC), Anses-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), Anses-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France.
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A single amino acid in VP2 is critical for the attachment of infectious bursal disease subviral particles to immobilized metal ions and DF-1 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1173-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chang GRL, Chian WH, Liao JH, Lin HM, Lai SY, Wang MY. Characterization of tubule and monomer derived from VP4 protein of infectious bursal disease virus. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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An influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope inserted in and expressed from several loci of the infectious bursal disease virus genome induces HA-specific antibodies. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2033-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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A reassortment vaccine candidate as the improved formulation to induce protection against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Vaccine 2014; 32:1436-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Protective oral vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus using the major viral antigenic protein VP2 produced in Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83210. [PMID: 24376665 PMCID: PMC3869785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes economically important immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The self-assembling capsid protein (VP2) from IBDV strain IR01 was expressed in Pichia pastoris resulting in the formation of homomeric, 23-nm infectious bursal disease subviral particles (IBD-SVPs) with a yield of 76 mg/l before and 38 mg/l after purification. Anti-IBDV antibodies were detected in chickens injected with purified IBD-SVPs or fed with either purified IBD-SVPs or inactivated P. pastoris cells containing IBD-VP2 (cell-encapsulated). Challenge studies using the heterologous classical IBDV strain (MB3) showed that intramuscular vaccination with 20 µg purified IBD-SVPs conferred full protection, achieved complete virus clearance and prevented bursal damage and atrophy, compared with only 40% protection, 0-10% virus clearance accompanied by severe atrophy and substantial bursal damage in mock-vaccinated and challenge controls. The commercial IBDV vaccine also conferred full protection and achieved complete virus clearance, albeit with partial bursal atrophy. Oral administration of 500 µg purified IBD-SVPs with and without adjuvant conferred 100% protection but achieved only 60% virus clearance with adjuvant and none without it. Moderate bursal damage was observed in both cases but the inclusion of adjuvant resulted in bursal atrophy similar to that observed with live-attenuated vaccine and parenteral administration of 20 µg purified IBD-SVPs. The oral administration of 250 mg P. pastoris cells containing IBD-VP2 resulted in 100% protection with adjuvant and 60% without, accompanied by moderate bursal damage and atrophy in both groups, whereas 25 mg P. pastoris cells containing IBD-VP2 resulted in 90-100% protection with moderate bursal lesions and severe atrophy. Finally, the oral delivery of 50 µg purified IBD-SVPs achieved 40-60% protection with severe bursal lesions and atrophy. Both oral and parenteral administration of yeast-derived IBD-VP2 can therefore induce a specific and protective immune response against IBDV without affecting the growth rate of chickens.
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Qi X, Zhang L, Chen Y, Gao L, Wu G, Qin L, Wang Y, Ren X, Gao Y, Gao H, Wang X. Mutations of residues 249 and 256 in VP2 are involved in the replication and virulence of infectious Bursal disease virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70982. [PMID: 23923037 PMCID: PMC3724781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a pathogen of worldwide significance to the poultry industry. Although the PDE and PFG domains of the capsid protein VP2 contribute significantly to virulence and fitness, the detailed molecular basis for the pathogenicity of IBDV is still not fully understood. Because residues 253 and 284 of VP2 are not the sole determinants of virulence, we hypothesized that other residues involved in virulence and fitness might exist in the PDE and PFG domains of VP2. To test this, five amino acid changes selected by sequence comparison of the PDE and PFG domains of VP2 were introduced individually using a reverse genetics system into the virulent strain (rGx-F9VP2). Then reverse mutations of the selected residues 249 and 256 were introduced individually into the attenuated strain (rGt). Seven modified viruses were generated and evaluated in vitro (CEF cells) and in vivo (SPF chicken). For residue 249, Q249R could elevate in vitro and reduce in vivo the replication of rGx-F9VP2 while R249Q could reduce in vitro and elevate in vivo the replication of rGt; meanwhile Q249R reduced the virulence of rGx-F9VP2 while R249Q increased the virulence of rGt, which indicated that residue 249 significantly contributed to the replication and virulence of IBDV. For residue 256, I256V could elevate in vitro and reduce in vivo the replication of rGx-F9VP2 while V256I could reduce in vitro but didn't change in vivo the replication of rGt; although V256I didn't increase the virulence of rGt, I256V obviously reduced the virulence of virulent IBDV. The present results demonstrate for the first time, to different extent, residues 249 and 256 of VP2 are involved in the replication efficiency and virulence of IBDV; this is not only beneficial to further understanding of pathogenic mechanism but also to the design of newly tailored vaccines against IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lizhou Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Guan Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Liting Qin
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Ren
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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