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Pino-Vera R, Abreu-Acosta N, Foronda P. Study of Zoonotic Pathogens in Alien Population of Veiled Chameleons ( Chamaeleo calyptratus) in the Canary Islands (Spain). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2288. [PMID: 37508064 PMCID: PMC10376624 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) are native to the Arabian Peninsula that have been introduced as pets in many regions around the world, such as the Canary Islands (Spain). In this work, the gastrointestinal content from veiled chameleons of Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands) has been analyzed to determine the presence of zoonotic bacteria. Forty animals were analyzed using different selective culture media and PCR. The most isolated bacteria were Yersinia enterocolitica (52.4%), followed by Salmonella spp. (40.0%), with positive isolates for Salmonella Tyhpi and Salmonella Typhimurium. Pseudomonas spp. was found in 32.5% of the chameleons. More than half were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. was detected in six animals plus one isolate of non-resistant Staphylococcus hominis. Multiple mycobacteria species belonging to both tuberculous and non-tuberculous complexes were identified as well as Escherichia coli carrying the stx1 and eae virulence genes with 12.5% and 7.5% prevalence, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. were found in lower proportion (<5%). The results obtained indicate that veiled chameleons in Gran Canaria could be playing a role in the maintenance and dissemination of the pathogens detected, harming public health and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Pino-Vera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado Ciencias Médicas y Farmacéuticas, Desarrollo y Calidad de Vida, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Néstor Abreu-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Nertalab S.L.U., 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Foronda
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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2
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Linz B, Sharafutdinov I, Tegtmeyer N, Backert S. Evolution and Role of Proteases in Campylobacter jejuni Lifestyle and Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020323. [PMID: 36830692 PMCID: PMC9953165 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the main human food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni causes campylobacteriosis that accounts for a substantial percentage of gastrointestinal infections. The disease usually manifests as diarrhea that lasts for up to two weeks. C. jejuni possesses an array of peptidases and proteases that are critical for its lifestyle and pathogenesis. These include serine proteases Cj1365c, Cj0511 and HtrA; AAA+ group proteases ClpP, Lon and FtsH; and zinc-dependent protease PqqE, proline aminopeptidase PepP, oligopeptidase PepF and peptidase C26. Here, we review the numerous critical roles of these peptide bond-dissolving enzymes in cellular processes of C. jejuni that include protein quality control; protein transport across the inner and outer membranes into the periplasm, cell surface or extracellular space; acquisition of amino acids and biofilm formation and dispersal. In addition, we highlight their role as virulence factors that inflict intestinal tissue damage by promoting cell invasion and mediating cleavage of crucial host cell factors such as epithelial cell junction proteins. Furthermore, we reconstruct the evolution of these proteases in 34 species of the Campylobacter genus. Finally, we discuss to what extent C. jejuni proteases have initiated the search for inhibitor compounds as prospective novel anti-bacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Linz
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-9131-8528988
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3
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Lynch C, Peeters C, Walsh N, McCarthy C, Coffey A, Lucey B, Vandamme P. Campylobacter majalis sp. nov. and Campylobacter suis sp. nov., novel Campylobacter species isolated from porcine gastrointestinal mucosa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36748456 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains LMG 7974T and LMG 8286T represent single, novel Campylobacter lineages with Campylobacter pinnipediorum and Campylobacter mucosalis as nearest phylogenomic neighbours, respectively. The results of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses of LMG 7974T, LMG 8286T and type strains of species of the genus Campylobacter confirmed that these strains represent novel species of the genus Campylobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of both strains showed highest identity towards C. mucosalis (97.84 and 98.74 %, respectively). Strains LMG 7974T and LMG 8286T shared 72.5 and 73.7% ANI, respectively, with their nearest phylogenomic neighbours and less than 21 % dDDH. The draft genome sizes of LMG 7974T and LMG 8286T are 1 945429 bp and 1 708214 bp in length with percentage DNA G+C contents of 33.8 and 37.2 %, respectively. Anomalous biochemical characteristics and low MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry log scores supported their designation as representing novel species of the genus Campylobacte. We therefore propose to classify strain LMG 7974T (=CCUG 20705T) as the type strain of the novel species Campylobacter majalis sp. nov. and strain LMG 8286T (=CCUG 24193T, NCTC 11879T) as the type strain of the novel species Campylobacter suis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown Cork T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Peeters
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niamh Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown Cork T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Conor McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown Cork T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown Cork T12 P928, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown Cork T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Pan-Genome Analysis of Campylobacter: Insights on the Genomic Diversity and Virulence Profile. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0102922. [PMID: 36069574 PMCID: PMC9602946 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01029-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Campylobacter contains pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Despite large-scale sequencing efforts to raise clinical awareness of Campylobacter, little is known about the diversity and functions of virulence factors. Here, we constructed the pan-genome of Campylobacter using 39 representative genomes, elucidating their genetic diversity, evolutionary characteristics, and virulence and resistance profiles. The Campylobacter pan-genome was open and showed extensive genome variability, with high levels of gene expansion and contraction as the organism evolved. These Campylobacter members had diverse virulence gene content, and six potential core virulence genes (porA, PEB4, cheY, htrB, Cj1135, and kpsF) have been identified. The conserved mechanisms for Campylobacter pathogenicity were related to adherence, motility, and immune modulation. We emphasized the relative importance of variable virulence genes. Many virulence genes have experienced expansion or contraction in specific lineages, which may be one of the factors causing differences in the content of virulence genes. Additionally, these Campylobacter genomes have a high prevalence of the cmeA and cmeC genes, which are linked to the CmeABC pump and contribute to multidrug resistance. The genomic variations, core and variable virulence factors, and resistance genes of Campylobacter characterized in this study would contribute to a better understanding of the virulence of Campylobacter and more effective use of candidates for drug development and prevention of Campylobacter infections. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic members of the genus Campylobacter are recognized as one of the major causative agents of human bacterial gastroenteritis. This study revealed the pan-genome of 39 Campylobacter species, provided the most updated reconstruction of the global virulence gene pool of 39 Campylobacter species, and identified species-related virulence differences. This study highlighted the basic conserved functionality and specificity of pathogenicity that are crucial to infection, which was critical for improving the diagnosis and prevention of Campylobacter infections.
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5
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Phung C, Scott PC, Dekiwadia C, Moore RJ, Van TTH. Campylobacter bilis sp. nov., isolated from chickens with spotty liver disease. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35442881 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel species of Campylobacter was isolated from bile samples of chickens with spotty liver disease in Australia, making it the second novel species isolated from chickens with the disease, after Campylobacter hepaticus was isolated and described in 2016. Six independently derived isolates were obtained. They were Gram-stain-negative, microaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive and urease-negative. Unlike most other species of the genus Campylobacter, more than half of the tested strains of this novel species hydrolysed hippurate and most of them could not reduce nitrate. Distinct from C. hepaticus, many of the isolates were sensitive to 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (0.04%) and metronidazole (4 mg ml-1), and all strains were sensitive to nalidixic acid. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA and hsp60 gene sequences demonstrated that the strains formed a robust clade that was clearly distinct from recognized Campylobacter species. Whole genome sequence analysis of the strains showed that the average nucleotide identity and the genome blast distance phylogeny values compared to other Campylobacter species were less than 86 and 66%, respectively, which are below the cut-off values generally recognized for isolates of the same species. The genome of the novel species has a DNA G+C content of 30.6 mol%, while that of C. hepaticus is 27.9 mol%. Electron microscopy showed that the cells were spiral-shaped, with bipolar unsheathed flagella. The protein spectra generated from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight analysis demonstrated that they are different from the most closely related Campylobacter species. These data indicate that the isolates belong to a novel Campylobacter species, for which the name Campylobacter bilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VicNov18T (=ATCC TSD-231T=NCTC 14611T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Canh Phung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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6
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Hameed A, Ketley JM, Woodacre A, Machado LR, Marsden GL. Molecular and in silico typing of the lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265585. [PMID: 35358234 PMCID: PMC8970381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive genetic variation in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) core biosynthesis gene cluster has led to the development of a classification system; with 8 classes (I-VIII) for Campylobacter coli (C. coli) LOS region and with 23 classes (A-W) or four groups (1–4) for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) LOS region. PCR based LOS locus type identification for C. jejuni clinical isolates from a UK hospital as well as in silico LOS locus analysis for C. jejuni and C. coli genome sequences from GenBank was carried out to determine the frequencies of various LOS genotypes in C. jejuni and C. coli. Analysis of LOS gene content in 60 clinical C. jejuni isolates and 703 C. jejuni genome sequences revealed that class B (Group 1) was the most abundant LOS class in C. jejuni. The hierarchy of C. jejuni LOS group prevalence (group 1 > group 2 > group 3 > group 4) as well as the hierarchy of the frequency of C. jejuni LOS classes present within the group 1 (B > C > A > R > M > V), group 2 (H/P > O > E > W), group 3 (F > K > S) and group 4 (G > L) was identified. In silico analysis of LOS gene content in 564 C. coli genome sequences showed class III as the most abundant LOS locus type in C. coli. In silico analysis of LOS gene content also identified three novel LOS types of C. jejuni and previously unknown LOS biosynthesis genes in C. coli LOS locus types I, II, III, V and VIII. This study provides C. jejuni and C. coli LOS loci class frequencies in a smaller collection of C. jejuni clinical isolates as well as within the larger, worldwide database of C. jejuni and C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hameed
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M. Ketley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Woodacre
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R. Machado
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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7
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Mourkas E, Yahara K, Bayliss SC, Calland JK, Johansson H, Mageiros L, Muñoz-Ramirez ZY, Futcher G, Méric G, Hitchings MD, Sandoval-Motta S, Torres J, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ, Ellström P, Waldenström J, Pascoe B, Sheppard SK. Host ecology regulates interspecies recombination in bacteria of the genus Campylobacter. eLife 2022; 11:73552. [PMID: 35191377 PMCID: PMC8912921 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can allow traits that have evolved in one bacterial species to transfer to another. This has potential to rapidly promote new adaptive trajectories such as zoonotic transfer or antimicrobial resistance. However, for this to occur requires gaps to align in barriers to recombination within a given time frame. Chief among these barriers is the physical separation of species with distinct ecologies in separate niches. Within the genus Campylobacter, there are species with divergent ecologies, from rarely isolated single-host specialists to multihost generalist species that are among the most common global causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis. Here, by characterizing these contrasting ecologies, we can quantify HGT among sympatric and allopatric species in natural populations. Analyzing recipient and donor population ancestry among genomes from 30 Campylobacter species, we show that cohabitation in the same host can lead to a six-fold increase in HGT between species. This accounts for up to 30% of all SNPs within a given species and identifies highly recombinogenic genes with functions including host adaptation and antimicrobial resistance. As described in some animal and plant species, ecological factors are a major evolutionary force for speciation in bacteria and changes to the host landscape can promote partial convergence of distinct species through HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Mourkas
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Sion C Bayliss
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Jessica K Calland
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Håkan Johansson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Zilia Y Muñoz-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Grant Futcher
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Méric
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Santiago Sandoval-Motta
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Patrik Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Ben Pascoe
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom,Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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8
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Parisi A, Chiara M, Caffara M, Mion D, Miller WG, Caruso M, Manzari C, Florio D, Capozzi L, D'Erchia AM, Manzulli V, Zanoni RG. Campylobacter vulpis sp. nov. isolated from wild red foxes. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126204. [PMID: 33895623 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During a sampling of wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for the detection of Epsilonproteobacteria, 14 strains were isolated from the caecal contents of 14 epidemiologically-unrelated animals. A genus-specific PCR indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Campylobacter. Based on the results of a species-specific PCR, the isolates were initially identified as C. upsaliensis. However, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that the isolates were significantly different from the C. upsaliensis present in the MLST database. A polyphasic study, including conventional biochemical and tolerance characteristics, morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MALDI-TOF analysis, and genetic comparisons based on partial 16S rDNA and atpA gene sequences, was undertaken. Finally, the complete genome sequence of the type strain 251/13T and the draft genome sequences of the other isolates were determined. Average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses confirmed that the isolates represent a novel taxon for which the name Campylobacter vulpis sp. nov. is proposed, with isolate 251/13T (=CCUG 70587T = LMG 30110T) as the type strain. In order to allow a rapid discrimination of C. vulpis from the closely-related C. upsaliensis, a specific PCR test was designed, based on atpA gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Parisi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Mion
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Marta Caruso
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Caterina Manzari
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council, Via Amendola 165A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council, Via Amendola 165A, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Manzulli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Renato Giulio Zanoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Costa D, Lévesque S, Kumar N, Fresia P, Ferrés I, Lawley TD, Iraola G. Pangenome analysis reveals genetic isolation in Campylobacter hyointestinalis subspecies adapted to different mammalian hosts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3431. [PMID: 33564053 PMCID: PMC7873201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is an emerging pathogen currently divided in two subspecies: C. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii which is predominantly recovered from pigs, and C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis which can be found in a much wider range of mammalian hosts. Despite C. hyointestinalis being reported as an emerging pathogen, its evolutionary and host-associated diversification patterns are still vastly unexplored. For this reason, we generated whole-genome sequences of 13 C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis strains and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis including publicly available C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis and C. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii genomes, to gain insight into the genomic variation of these differentially-adapted subspecies. Both subspecies are distinct phylogenetic lineages which present an apparent barrier to homologous recombination, suggesting genetic isolation. This is further supported by accessory gene patterns that recapitulate the core genome phylogeny. Additionally, C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis presents a bigger and more diverse accessory genome, which probably reflects its capacity to colonize different mammalian hosts unlike C. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii that is presumably host-restricted. This greater plasticity in the accessory genome of C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis correlates to a higher incidence of genome-wide recombination events, that may be the underlying mechanism driving its diversification. Concordantly, both subspecies present distinct patterns of gene families involved in genome plasticity and DNA repair like CRISPR-associated proteins and restriction-modification systems. Together, our results provide an overview of the genetic mechanisms shaping the genomes of C. hyointestinalis subspecies, contributing to understand the biology of Campylobacter species that are increasingly recognized as emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad Mixta UMPI, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo + Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria INIA, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Ferrés
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. .,Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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10
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Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Logrieco AF, Cho G, Kabisch J, Böhnlein C, Franz CMAP. Microbial quality and safety of milk and milk products in the 21st century. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2013-2049. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Gyu‐Sung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Christina Böhnlein
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
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11
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Sharma B, Thille K, Belmar VM, Thomas RN, Sharma RN. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from red-footed pet tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp. from Grenada, West Indies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230390. [PMID: 32176736 PMCID: PMC7075591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize Arcobacter butzleri in pet red-footed tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp., using molecular techniques. A written consent from tortoise owners was obtained, after explaining the advantages of the research to tortoise owners of Grenada. Fecal samples were collected from 114 tortoises from five parishes of the country and cultured for Campylobacter spp. using selective culture techniques. A. butzleri was isolated from 4.39% of pet tortoises. Total thirteen isolates were obtained; all identified as A. butzleri by a universal and a species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Genetic characterization of these isolates was performed based on Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) that generated eight different genetic fingerprints with a discriminatory power of 0.91. Campylobacter species were not detected molecularly in any of the culture-positive samples. This is the first report of infection of pet tortoises in Grenada, West Indies with A. butzleri. This study emphasizes on the risk of zoonotic transmission of A. butzleri by exotic pets, which is a serious concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
- * E-mail:
| | - Katelyn Thille
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Vanessa Matthew Belmar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Roxanne Nicholas Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Ravindra Nath Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grand Anse, Grenada, West Indies
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12
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Campylobacter portucalensis sp. nov., a new species of Campylobacter isolated from the preputial mucosa of bulls. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227500. [PMID: 31923228 PMCID: PMC6953823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of the Campylobacter genus is described, isolated from the preputial mucosa of bulls (Bos taurus). The five isolates obtained exhibit characteristics of Campylobacter, being Gram-negative non-motile straight rods, oxidase positive, catalase negative and microaerophilic. Phenotypic characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and hsp60 genes demonstrated that these isolates belong to a novel species within the genus Campylobacter. Based on hsp60 gene phylogenetic analysis, the most related species are C. ureolyticus, C. blaseri and C. corcagiensis. The whole genome sequence analysis of isolate FMV-PI01 revealed that the average nucleotide identity with other Campylobacter species was less than 75%, which is far below the cut-off for isolates of the same species. However, whole genome sequence analysis identified coding sequences highly homologous with other Campylobacter spp. These included several virulence factor coding genes related with host cell adhesion and invasion, transporters involved in resistance to antimicrobials, and a type IV secretion system (T4SS), containing virB2-virB11/virD4 genes, highly homologous to the C. fetus subsp. venerealis. The genomic G+C content of isolate FMV-PI01 was 28.3%, which is one of the lowest values reported for species of the genus Campylobacter. For this species the name Campylobacter portucalensis sp. nov. is proposed, with FMV-PI01 (= LMG 31504, = CCUG 73856) as the type strain.
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13
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Huang H, Raymond P, Grenier C, Fahey J. Development and improvement of a colony blot immunoassay for the detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. J Microbiol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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De Luca C, Iraola G, Apostolakos I, Boetto E, Piccirillo A. Occurrence and diversity of Campylobacter species in captive chelonians. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108567. [PMID: 31928704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Campylobacter species in chelonians. From July 2016 to September 2017, a total of 452 individuals from a large variety of tortoises (n = 366) and turtles/terrapins (n = 86) kept in private collections and breeding centres, wildlife rescue centres, zoos, pet shops, and veterinary clinics from Northern Italy was sampled and subjected to microbiological examination. Campylobacter genus and species confirmation was performed by single and multiplex PCRs. Out of 452 samples, five (1.1%) tested positive: three for C. iguaniorum (two Testudo graeca and one Testudo hermanni), one for C. fetus subsp. testudinum (Stigmochelys pardalis) and one for C. geochelonis (Testudo hermanni). This study suggests that Campylobacter spp. are not common in chelonians, but a variety of species can be detected in these hosts, including those potentially pathogenic for humans. Further studies are needed to understand the epidemiology and the pathogenic potential for both animals and humans of reptile-associated Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Luca
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ilias Apostolakos
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elena Boetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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15
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Nieves C, Ferrés I, Díaz-Viraqué F, Buschiazzo A, Zarantonelli L, Iraola G. Draft Genome Sequences of 40 Pathogenic Leptospira Strains Isolated from Cattle in Uruguay. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00893-19. [PMID: 31753938 PMCID: PMC6872880 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00893-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Leptospira species represent a major concern for livestock but also for human health, as they cause zoonotic infections. Forty strains representing L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, and L. noguchii were isolated from naturally infected cattle in Uruguay. Here, we report the whole-genome sequences for these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nieves
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Estructural, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Mixta Pasteur + INIA (UMPI), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ignacio Ferrés
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Díaz-Viraqué
- Host-Parasite Interactions Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Buschiazzo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Estructural, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Joint International Unit "Integrative Microbiology of Zoonotic Agents" IMiZA, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Joint International Unit "Integrative Microbiology of Zoonotic Agents" IMiZA, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Leticia Zarantonelli
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Estructural, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Mixta Pasteur + INIA (UMPI), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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16
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Abstract
Campylobacter is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported Campylobacter infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, C. coli; however, the increasing recognition of other emerging Campylobacter pathogens is urgently demanding a better understanding of how these underestimated species cause disease, transmit, and evolve. In parallel to the enhanced clinical awareness of campylobacteriosis due to improved diagnostic protocols, the application of high-throughput sequencing has increased the number of whole-genome sequences available to dozens of strains of many emerging campylobacters. This has allowed for comprehensive comparative pathogenomic analyses for several species, such as C. fetus and C. concisus These studies have started to reveal the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes and have brought to light many genomic features related to pathogenicity in these neglected species, promoting the development of new tools and approaches relevant for clinical microbiology. Despite the need for additional characterization of genomic diversity in emerging campylobacters, the increasing body of literature describing pathogenomic studies on these species deserves to be discussed from an integrative perspective. This review compiles the current knowledge and highlights future work toward deepening our understanding about genome dynamics and the mechanisms governing the evolution of pathogenicity in emerging Campylobacter species, which is urgently needed to develop strategies to prevent or control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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17
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Crawshaw T. A review of the novel thermophilic Campylobacter, Campylobacter hepaticus, a pathogen of poultry. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1481-1492. [PMID: 31081981 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, a novel thermophilic Campylobacter was isolated from cases of spotty liver disease in laying hens in the UK. In 2016, it was isolated from laying hens in Australia where it was formally named Campylobacter hepaticus and confirmed as the cause of spotty liver disease. It has also been isolated from laying hens in America. It is fastidious, grows slowly on first isolation and does not grow on media used to routinely isolate Campylobacter. Spotty liver disease is an acute, randomly distributed, focal, necrotic hepatitis causing mortality in up to 10% of a flock and a 10%-15% fall in egg production. It occurs mainly in free-range hens or hens reared on the ground at around the time of peak lay. The incidence of the disease has increased in countries where there is an increase in keeping free-range laying hens. It is similar to the condition avian vibrionic hepatitis which was reported in America, Europe and Australasia in the 1950s to 1970s and the agent isolated from cases of avian vibrionic hepatitis and C. hepaticus appear to be very similar. It is not known if C. hepaticus is zoonotic but whole genome sequencing shows that it is most closely related to the known zoonotic campylobacters Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Human exposure to C. hepaticus is likely through similar exposure routes. Analysis of the whole genome showed a reduction in the genes for iron metabolism compared to C. jejuni. A requirement for iron was confirmed as it showed reduced growth in an iron depletion assay and this may explain its tissue tropism. With a move towards free-range egg production in many countries, the incidence of C. hepaticus hepatitis is likely to increase, but the identification of the causal agent will provide opportunities for the development of control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crawshaw
- Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga, North Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Gilbert MJ, Duim B, Zomer AL, Wagenaar JA. Living in Cold Blood: Arcobacter, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1086. [PMID: 31191467 PMCID: PMC6530492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the Epsilonproteobacteria genera Arcobacter, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter are commonly associated with vertebrate hosts and some are considered significant pathogens. Vertebrate-associated Epsilonproteobacteria are often considered to be largely confined to endothermic mammals and birds. Recent studies have shown that ectothermic reptiles display a distinct and largely unique Epsilonproteobacteria community, including taxa which can cause disease in humans. Several Arcobacter taxa are widespread amongst reptiles and often show a broad host range. Reptiles carry a large diversity of unique and novel Helicobacter taxa, which apparently evolved in an ectothermic host. Some species, such as Campylobacter fetus, display a distinct intraspecies host dichotomy, with genetically divergent lineages occurring either in mammals or reptiles. These taxa can provide valuable insights in host adaptation and co-evolution between symbiont and host. Here, we present an overview of the biodiversity, ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of reptile-associated Epsilonproteobacteria from a broader vertebrate host perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation Netherlands, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
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19
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First Release of the Bacterial Biobank of the Urban Environment (BBUE). Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01201-18. [PMID: 30533746 PMCID: PMC6256582 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01201-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics is providing a broad overview of bacterial functional diversity; however, culturing and biobanking are still essential for microbiology. Here, we present the Bacterial Biobank of the Urban Environment (BBUE), a sizable culture collection for long-term storage and characterization of the microbiota associated with urban environments relevant for public health. Metagenomics is providing a broad overview of bacterial functional diversity; however, culturing and biobanking are still essential for microbiology. Here, we present the Bacterial Biobank of the Urban Environment (BBUE), a sizable culture collection for long-term storage and characterization of the microbiota associated with urban environments relevant for public health.
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20
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García-Sánchez L, Melero B, Rovira J. Campylobacter in the Food Chain. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 86:215-252. [PMID: 30077223 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently Campylobacter is the most commonly reported zoonosis in developed and developing countries. In the European Union, the number of reported confirmed cases of human campylobacteriosis was 246,307 in 2016, which represents 66.3 cases per 100,000 population. The genus Campylobacter includes 31 species with 10 subspecies. Within the genus Campylobacter, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli are most frequently associated with human illness. Mainly, the infection is sporadic and self-limiting, although some cases of outbreaks have been also reported and some complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome might appear sporadically. Although campylobacters are fastidious microaerophilic, unable to multiply outside the host and generally very sensitive, they can adapt and survive in the environment, exhibiting aerotolerance and resistance to starvation. Many mechanisms are involved in this, including pathogenicity, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistant pathways. This chapter reviews the sources, transmission routes, the mechanisms, and strategies used by Campylobacter to persist in the whole food chain, from farm to fork. Additionally, different strategies are recommended for application along the poultry food chain to avoid the public health risk associated with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Melero
- Biotechnology and Food Science Department, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Biotechnology and Food Science Department, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
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21
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Gilbert MJ, Zomer AL, Timmerman AJ, Spaninks MP, Rubio-García A, Rossen JW, Duim B, Wagenaar JA. Campylobacter blaseri sp. nov., isolated from common seals (Phoca vitulina). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:1787-1794. [PMID: 29624164 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During a study to assess the faecal microbiome of common seals (Phoca vitulina) in a Dutch seal rehabilitation centre, 16S rRNA gene sequences of an unknown Campylobacter taxon were identified. Campylobacter isolates, which differed from the established Campylobacter taxa, were cultured and their taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic study based on ten isolates. The isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA and atpA gene sequence analyses and by conventional phenotypic testing. Based on the whole genome sequences, the average nucleotide identity and core genome phylogeny were determined. The isolates formed a separate phylogenetic clade, divergent from all other Campylobacter taxa and most closely related to Campylobacter corcagiensis, Campylobacter geochelonis and Campylobacter ureolyticus. The isolates can be distinguished phenotypically from all other Campylobacter taxa based on their lack of motility, growth at 25 °C and growth on MacConkey agar. This study shows that these isolates represent a novel species within the genus Campylobacter, for which the name Campylobacter blaseri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for this novel species is 17S00004-5T (=LMG 30333T=CCUG 71276T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirlin P Spaninks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Rubio-García
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Sealcentre, Pieterburen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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22
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Thibeaux R, Iraola G, Ferrés I, Bierque E, Girault D, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Picardeau M, Goarant C. Deciphering the unexplored Leptospira diversity from soils uncovers genomic evolution to virulence. Microb Genom 2018; 4. [PMID: 29310748 PMCID: PMC5857368 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the genomics of members of the genus Leptospira, little is known on how virulence has emerged in this heterogeneous bacterial genus as well as on the lifestyle of pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira outside animal hosts. Here, we isolated 12 novel species of the genus Leptospira from tropical soils, significantly increasing the number of known species to 35 and finding evidence of highly unexplored biodiversity in the genus. Extended comparative phylogenomics and pan-genome analyses at the genus level by incorporating 26 novel genomes, revealed that, the traditional leptospiral ‘pathogens’ cluster, as defined by their phylogenetic position, can be split in two groups with distinct virulence potential and accessory gene patterns. These genomic distinctions are strongly linked to the ability to cause or not severe infections in animal models and humans. Our results not only provide new insights into virulence evolution in the members of the genus Leptospira, but also lay the foundations for refining the classification of the pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Thibeaux
- 1Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | | | - Ignacio Ferrés
- 2Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Bioinformatics Unit, Uruguay
| | - Emilie Bierque
- 1Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Girault
- 1Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert
- 1Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- 3Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, 28 rue du docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Cyrille Goarant
- 1Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia
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23
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Toledo Z, Simaluiza RJ, Astudillo X, Fernández H. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from healthy children attending municipal care centers in Southern Ecuador. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e77. [PMID: 29267585 PMCID: PMC5738762 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains in healthy, well-nourished children of middle socioeconomic level from Southern Ecuador were determined. Among the 127 children studied, 17 (13.4%) harbored Campylobacter sp. corresponding to C. jejuni (7.1%) and C. coli (6.3%) with a higher concentration of C. jejuni among boys (8.6%) and C. coli (8.8%) among girls. C. jejuni showed high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin (77.8%), but susceptibility to all other antimicrobials tested. C. coli strains showed resistance to more antibiotics than C. jejuni strains including resistance to nalidixic acid (75%), ciprofloxacin (75%), erythromycin (12.5%) and ampicillin (28.6), but susceptible to gentamicin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorayda Toledo
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Loja, Equador
| | - Rosa Janneth Simaluiza
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Loja, Equador
| | - Xavier Astudillo
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Loja, Equador
| | - Heriberto Fernández
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Valdívia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile
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24
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Puche R, Ferrés I, Caraballo L, Rangel Y, Picardeau M, Takiff H, Iraola G. Leptospira venezuelensis sp. nov., a new member of the intermediate group isolated from rodents, cattle and humans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 68:513-517. [PMID: 29239713 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains, CLM-U50T, CLM-R50 and IVIC-Bov1, belonging to the genus Leptospira, were isolated in Venezuela from a patient with leptospirosis, a domestic rat (Rattus norvegicus) and a cow (Bos taurus), respectively. The initial characterisation of these strains based on the rrs gene (16S rRNA) suggested their designation as a novel species within the 'intermediates' group of the genus Leptospira. Further phylogenomic characterisation based on single copy core genes was consistent with their separation into a novel species. The average nucleotide identity between these three strains was >99 %, but below 89 % with respect to any previously described leptospiral species, also supporting their designation as a novel species. Given this evidence, these three isolates were considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Leptospiravenezuelensis sp. nov. is proposed, with CLM-U50T (=CIP 111407T=DSM 105752T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Puche
- Unidad de Estudios Genéticos y Forenses, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | - Ignacio Ferrés
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lizeth Caraballo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | - Yaritza Rangel
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | | | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela and Unité de Genetique Mycobacterienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
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25
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Iraola G, Forster SC, Kumar N, Lehours P, Bekal S, García-Peña FJ, Paolicchi F, Morsella C, Hotzel H, Hsueh PR, Vidal A, Lévesque S, Yamazaki W, Balzan C, Vargas A, Piccirillo A, Chaban B, Hill JE, Betancor L, Collado L, Truyers I, Midwinter AC, Dagi HT, Mégraud F, Calleros L, Pérez R, Naya H, Lawley TD. Distinct Campylobacter fetus lineages adapted as livestock pathogens and human pathobionts in the intestinal microbiota. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1367. [PMID: 29118316 PMCID: PMC5678084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a venereal pathogen of cattle and sheep, and an opportunistic human pathogen. It is often assumed that C. fetus infection occurs in humans as a zoonosis through food chain transmission. Here we show that mammalian C. fetus consists of distinct evolutionary lineages, primarily associated with either human or bovine hosts. We use whole-genome phylogenetics on 182 strains from 17 countries to provide evidence that C. fetus may have originated in humans around 10,500 years ago and may have "jumped" into cattle during the livestock domestication period. We detect C. fetus genomes in 8% of healthy human fecal metagenomes, where the human-associated lineages are the dominant type (78%). Thus, our work suggests that C. fetus is an unappreciated human intestinal pathobiont likely spread by human to human transmission. This genome-based evolutionary framework will facilitate C. fetus epidemiology research and the development of improved molecular diagnostics and prevention schemes for this neglected pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Iraola
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, INSERM UMR1053, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sadjia Bekal
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, H9X 3Y3.,Départment de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Francisco J García-Peña
- Departamento de Bacteriología, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria de Algete (MAGRAMA), 28110, Algete, Spain
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, EEA-INTA Balcarce, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, EEA-INTA Balcarce, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ana Vidal
- Animal and Plant Health Association (APHA), Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, H9X 3Y3
| | - Wataru Yamazaki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Claudia Balzan
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Agueda Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, 35122, Italy
| | - Bonnie Chaban
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada, S7N 5A2
| | - Laura Betancor
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Luis Collado
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Isabelle Truyers
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- EpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hatice T Dagi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Selçuklu, 42250, Turkey
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, INSERM UMR1053, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK.
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26
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Cáceres A, Muñoz I, Iraola G, Díaz-Viraqué F, Collado L. Campylobacter ornithocola sp. nov., a novel member of the Campylobacter lari group isolated from wild bird faecal samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1643-1649. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cáceres
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ivo Muñoz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Luis Collado
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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27
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Waite DW, Vanwonterghem I, Rinke C, Parks DH, Zhang Y, Takai K, Sievert SM, Simon J, Campbell BJ, Hanson TE, Woyke T, Klotz MG, Hugenholtz P. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:682. [PMID: 28484436 PMCID: PMC5401914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epsilonproteobacteria is the fifth validly described class of the phylum Proteobacteria, known primarily for clinical relevance and for chemolithotrophy in various terrestrial and marine environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents. As 16S rRNA gene repositories have expanded and protein marker analysis become more common, the phylogenetic placement of this class has become less certain. A number of recent analyses of the bacterial tree of life using both 16S rRNA and concatenated marker gene analyses have failed to recover the Epsilonproteobacteria as monophyletic with all other classes of Proteobacteria. In order to address this issue, we investigated the phylogenetic placement of this class in the bacterial domain using 16S and 23S rRNA genes, as well as 120 single-copy marker proteins. Single- and concatenated-marker trees were created using a data set of 4,170 bacterial representatives, including 98 Epsilonproteobacteria. Phylogenies were inferred under a variety of tree building methods, with sequential jackknifing of outgroup phyla to ensure robustness of phylogenetic affiliations under differing combinations of bacterial genomes. Based on the assessment of nearly 300 phylogenetic tree topologies, we conclude that the continued inclusion of Epsilonproteobacteria within the Proteobacteria is not warranted, and that this group should be reassigned to a novel phylum for which we propose the name Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). We further recommend the reclassification of the order Desulfurellales (Deltaproteobacteria) to a novel class within this phylum and a number of subordinate changes to ensure consistency with the genome-based phylogeny. Phylogenomic analysis of 658 genomes belonging to the newly proposed Epsilonbacteraeota suggests that the ancestor of this phylum was an autotrophic, motile, thermophilic chemolithotroph that likely assimilated nitrogen from ammonium taken up from the environment or generated from environmental nitrate and nitrite by employing a variety of functional redox modules. The emergence of chemoorganoheterotrophic lifestyles in several Epsilonbacteraeota families is the result of multiple independent losses of various ancestral chemolithoautotrophic pathways. Our proposed reclassification of this group resolves an important anomaly in bacterial systematics and ensures that the taxonomy of Proteobacteria remains robust, specifically as genome-based taxonomies become more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Waite
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Inka Vanwonterghem
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Christian Rinke
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Donovan H. Parks
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, KingstonRI, USA
| | - Ken Takai
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokosuka, Japan
| | - Stefan M. Sievert
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods HoleMA, USA
| | - Jörg Simon
- Microbial Energy Conversion and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadt, Germany
| | - Barbara J. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Facility, Clemson University, ClemsonSC, USA
| | - Thomas E. Hanson
- School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, NewarkDE, USA
| | - Tanja Woyke
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut CreekCA, USA
| | - Martin G. Klotz
- Department of Biology and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St LuciaQLD, Australia
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28
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Casey E, Fitzgerald E, Lucey B. Towards understanding clinical campylobacter infection and its transmission: time for a different approach? Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 74:53-64. [PMID: 28367739 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2017.1291205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are among the most commonly diagnosed causes of human infection. Methods for detection of the 29 campylobacter species have mainly focused on cultivation of the thermophilic species. More than 99% of clinical campylobacter isolates notified in the UK in the recent past have been from faecal samples and associated with gastroenteritis. Campylobacter enteritis notifications in temperate zones show a seasonal increase during the summer months with a sharp decrease in the winter months, a pattern which remains incompletely understood. The striking seasonality in the expression of many human genes, some concerned with inflammation and immunity, suggests a need for further study of the host regarding the temporal distribution of many human infections, including campylobacteriosis. A tendency for campylobacter to enter a non-cultivable state under adverse conditions effects a reduction in the number of isolations. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based screening approach for the presence of the Campylobacter genus and followed by speciation has provided some insight into the limitations of cultivation for campylobacter, also allowing the discovery of new species. The increased sensitivity of the PCR-based approach over culture-based methods may make it difficult for the laboratory to differentiate asymptomatic campylobacter carriage from clinical campylobacter infection in non-sterile body sites. Campylobacter infection depends on a combination of host factors, and on acquisition of a suitably virulent strain with a tropism for human epithelium. The possibility of persistence of campylobacter in a viable but non-culturable latent form in the human body may also require further investigation. The scope of this review includes a discussion of current methods for diagnosing acute campylobacter infection and for detecting campylobacter in water and foodstuffs. The review also questions the prevailing view that poultry is the most common source of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Casey
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Cork Institute of Technology , Bishopstown , Ireland
| | - E Fitzgerald
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Cork Institute of Technology , Bishopstown , Ireland
| | - B Lucey
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Cork Institute of Technology , Bishopstown , Ireland
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29
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Van TTH, Elshagmani E, Gor MC, Scott PC, Moore RJ. Campylobacter hepaticus sp. nov., isolated from chickens with spotty liver disease. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4518-4524. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - Mian Chee Gor
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Peter C. Scott
- Scolexia Pty Ltd, Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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