1
|
Gobeil P, Pillet S, Boulay I, Charland N, Lorin A, Cheng MP, Vinh DC, Boutet P, Van Der Most R, Roman F, Ceregido MA, Landry N, D'Aoust MA, Ward BJ. Durability and cross-reactivity of immune responses induced by a plant-based virus-like particle vaccine for COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6905. [PMID: 36371408 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.04.21261507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic evolves, vaccine evaluation needs to include consideration of both durability and cross-reactivity. This report expands on previously reported results from a Phase 1 trial of an AS03-adjuvanted, plant-based coronavirus-like particle (CoVLP) displaying the spike (S) glycoprotein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus in healthy adults (NCT04450004). Humoral and cellular responses against the ancestral strain were evaluated 6 months post-second dose (D201) as secondary outcomes. Independent of dose, all vaccinated individuals retain binding antibodies, and ~95% retain neutralizing antibodies (NAb). Interferon gamma and interleukin-4 responses remain detectable in ~94% and ~92% of vaccinees respectively. In post-hoc analyses, variant-specific (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and Omicron) NAb were assessed at D42 and D201. Using a live virus neutralization assay, broad cross-reactivity is detectable against all variants at D42. At D201, cross-reactive antibodies are detectable in almost all participants against Alpha, Gamma and Delta variants (94%) and the Beta variant (83%) and in a smaller proportion against Omicron (44%). Results are similar with the pseudovirion assay. These data suggest that two doses of 3.75 µg CoVLP+AS03 elicit a durable and cross-reactive response that persists for at least 6 months post-vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Gobeil
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Pillet
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Iohann Boulay
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Charland
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Aurélien Lorin
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Street, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Donald C Vinh
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Street, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Philippe Boutet
- GlaxoSmithKline (Vaccines), Avenue Fleming 20, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Robbert Van Der Most
- GlaxoSmithKline (Vaccines), rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium
- BioNTech, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - François Roman
- GlaxoSmithKline (Vaccines), Avenue Fleming 20, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Nathalie Landry
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Marc-André D'Aoust
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada
| | - Brian J Ward
- Medicago Inc., Suite 600, 1020 route de l'Église, Québec, QC, G1V 3V9, Canada.
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Street, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gammon R, Katz LM, Strauss D, Rowe K, Menitove J, Benjamin RJ, Goel R, Borge D, Reichenberg S, Smith R. Beyond COVID-19 and lessons learned in the United States. Transfus Med 2022; 33:6-15. [PMID: 35918741 PMCID: PMC9539268 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic severely tested the resilience of the US blood supply with wild fluctuations in blood donation and utilisation rates as community donation opportunities ebbed and hospitals post-poned elective surgery. Key stakeholders in transfusion services, blood centres, supply chains and manufacturers reviewed their experiences during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as well as available literature to describe successes, opportunities for improvement and lessons learned. The blood community found itself in uncharted territory responding to restriction of its access to donors (approximately 20% decrease) and some supplies; environmental adjustments to address staff and donor concerns about coronavirus transmission; and the development of a new product (COVID-19 convalescent plasma [CCP]). In assuring that the needs of the patients were paramount, the donation process was safe, that clinicians had access to CCP, and vendor relationships aligned, the blood banking community relearned its primary focus: improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jay Menitove
- Kansas University Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | | | | | - Dayand Borge
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Center for Laboratory MedicineNew YorkNew York StateUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Altomare CG, Adelsberg DC, Carreno JM, Sapse IA, Amanat F, Ellebedy AH, Simon V, Krammer F, Bajic G. Structure of a Vaccine-Induced, Germline-Encoded Human Antibody Defines a Neutralizing Epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-Terminal Domain. mBio 2022; 13:e0358021. [PMID: 35467422 PMCID: PMC9239078 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03580-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural characterization of infection- and vaccination-elicited antibodies in complex with antigen provides insight into the evolutionary arms race between the host and the pathogen and informs rational vaccine immunogen design. We isolated a germ line-encoded monoclonal antibody (mAb) from plasmablasts activated upon mRNA vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and determined its structure in complex with the spike glycoprotein by electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM). We show that the mAb engages a previously uncharacterized neutralizing epitope on the spike N-terminal domain (NTD). The high-resolution structure reveals details of the intermolecular interactions and shows that the mAb inserts its heavy complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) loop into a hydrophobic NTD cavity previously shown to bind a heme metabolite, biliverdin. We demonstrate direct competition with biliverdin and that, because of the conserved nature of the epitope, the mAb maintains binding to viral variants B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), B.1.617.2 (delta), and B.1.1.529 (omicron). Our study describes a novel conserved epitope on the NTD that is readily targeted by vaccine-induced antibody responses. IMPORTANCE We report the first structure of a vaccine-induced antibody to SARS-CoV-2 spike isolated from plasmablasts 7 days after vaccination. The genetic sequence of the antibody PVI.V6-14 suggests that it is completely unmutated, meaning that this type of B cell did not undergo somatic hypermutation or affinity maturation; this cell was likely already present in the donor and was activated by the vaccine. This is, to our knowledge, also the first structure of an unmutated antibody in complex with its cognate antigen. PVI.V6-14 binds a novel, conserved epitope on the N-terminal domain (NTD) and neutralizes the original viral strain. PVI.V6-14 also binds the newly emerged variants B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), B.1.617.2 (delta), and B.1.1.529 (omicron). Given that this antibody was likely already present in the donor prior to vaccination, we believe that this antibody class could potentially "keep up" with the new variants, should they continue to emerge, by undergoing somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara G. Altomare
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C. Adelsberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iden A. Sapse
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ali H. Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Goran Bajic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang K, Wang L, Li M, Xie B, He L, Wang M, Zhang R, Hou N, Zhang Y, Jia F. Real-Word Effectiveness of Global COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820544. [PMID: 35665358 PMCID: PMC9160927 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, promoted vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are being given out globally. However, the occurrence of numerous COVID-19 variants has hindered the goal of rapid mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic by effective mass vaccinations. The real-word effectiveness of the current vaccines against COVID-19 variants has not been assessed by published reviews. Therefore, our study evaluated the overall effectiveness of current vaccines and the differences between the various vaccines and variants. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and arXiv were searched to screen the eligible studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Egger test were applied to estimate the quality of the literature and any publication bias, respectively. The pooled incident rates of different variants after vaccination were estimated by single-arm analysis. Meanwhile, the pooled efficacies of various vaccines against variants were evaluated by two-arm analysis using odds ratios (ORs) and vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results A total of 6,118 studies were identified initially and 44 articles were included. We found that the overall incidence of variants post first/second vaccine were 0.07 and 0.03, respectively. The VE of the incidence of variants post first vaccine between the vaccine and the placebo or unvaccinated population was 40% and post second vaccine was 96%, respectively. The sub-single-arm analysis showed a low prevalence rate of COVID-19 variants after specific vaccination with the pooled incidence below 0.10 in most subgroups. Meanwhile, the sub-two-arm analysis indicated that most current vaccines had a good or moderate preventive effect on certain variants considering that the VE in these subgroups was between 66 and 95%, which was broadly in line with the results of the sub-single-arm analysis. Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows that the current vaccines that are used globally could prevent COVID-19 infection and restrict the spread of variants to a great extent. We would also support maximizing vaccine uptake with two doses, as the effectiveness of which was more marked compared with one dose. Although the mRNA vaccine was the most effective against variants according to our study, specific vaccines should be taken into account based on the local dominant prevalence of variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Independent Researcher, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lu He
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Zhangdian District, Zibo, China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Nianzong Hou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Fusen Jia
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ozawa T, Tani H, Anraku Y, Kita S, Igarashi E, Saga Y, Inasaki N, Kawasuji H, Yamada H, Sasaki SI, Somekawa M, Sasaki J, Hayakawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Morinaga Y, Kurosawa N, Isobe M, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Hashiguchi T, Kishi H, Kitajima I, Saito S, Niimi H. Novel super-neutralizing antibody UT28K is capable of protecting against infection from a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants. MAbs 2022; 14:2072455. [PMID: 35543180 PMCID: PMC9103358 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2072455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been developed and used for therapies. However, the effectiveness of many antibodies has been reduced against recently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron variant. We identified a highly potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, UT28K, in COVID-19 convalescent individuals who recovered from a severe condition. UT28K showed efficacy in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in an in vitro assay and in vivo prophylactic treatment, and the reactivity to the Omicron strain was reduced. The structural analyses revealed that antibody UT28K Fab and SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein interactions were mainly chain-dominated antigen-antibody interactions. In addition, a mutation analysis suggested that the emergence of a UT28K neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variant was unlikely, as this variant would likely lose its competitive advantage over circulating SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest that UT28K offers potent protection against SARS-CoV-2, including newly emerging variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Igarashi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Sasaki
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayu Somekawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jiei Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kurosawa
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isobe
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Administrative office, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Administrative office, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vanhove B, Marot S, So RT, Gaborit B, Evanno G, Malet I, Lafrogne G, Mevel E, Ciron C, Royer PJ, Lheriteau E, Raffi F, Bruzzone R, Mok CKP, Duvaux O, Marcelin AG, Calvez V. XAV-19, a Swine Glyco-Humanized Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain, Targets Multiple Epitopes and Broadly Neutralizes Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761250. [PMID: 34868003 PMCID: PMC8634597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions and deletions in the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can reduce the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In contrast, heterologous polyclonal antibodies raised against S protein, through the recognition of multiple target epitopes, have the potential to maintain neutralization capacities. XAV-19 is a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibody raised against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Wuhan-Hu-1 Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. XAV-19 target epitopes were found distributed all over the RBD and particularly cover the receptor binding motives (RBMs), in direct contact sites with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). Therefore, in Spike/ACE-2 interaction assays, XAV-19 showed potent neutralization capacities of the original Wuhan Spike and of the United Kingdom (Alpha/B.1.1.7) and South African (Beta/B.1.351) variants. These results were confirmed by cytopathogenic assays using Vero E6 and live virus variants including the Brazil (Gamma/P.1) and the Indian (Delta/B.1.617.2) variants. In a selective pressure study on Vero E6 cells conducted over 1 month, no mutation was associated with the addition of increasing doses of XAV-19. The potential to reduce viral load in lungs was confirmed in a human ACE-2 transduced mouse model. XAV-19 is currently evaluated in patients hospitalized for COVID-19-induced moderate pneumonia in phase 2a-2b (NCT04453384) where safety was already demonstrated and in an ongoing 2/3 trial (NCT04928430) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XAV-19 in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Owing to its polyclonal nature and its glyco-humanization, XAV-19 may provide a novel safe and effective therapeutic tool to mitigate the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including the different variants of concern identified so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Marot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Virology, Paris, France
| | - Ray T So
- Hong Kong University (HKU)-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benjamin Gaborit
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) CIC1413, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Malet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Virology, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - François Raffi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) CIC1413, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- Hong Kong University (HKU)-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Virology, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Virology, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gorchakov AA, Kulemzin SV, Guselnikov SV, Baranov KO, Belovezhets TN, Mechetina LV, Volkova OY, Najakshin AM, Chikaev NA, Chikaev AN, Solodkov PP, Larichev VF, Gulyaeva MA, Markhaev AG, Kononova YV, Alekseyev AY, Shestopalov AM, Yusubalieva GM, Klypa TV, Ivanov AV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Baklaushev VP, Taranin AV. Isolation of a panel of ultra-potent human antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and viral variants of concern. Cell Discov 2021; 7:96. [PMID: 34667147 PMCID: PMC8526700 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of virus-targeting small-molecule drugs approved for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, broadening the repertoire of potent SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies represents an important area of research in response to the ongoing pandemic. Systematic analysis of such antibodies and their combinations can be particularly instrumental for identification of candidates that may prove resistant to the emerging viral escape variants. Here, we isolated a panel of 23 RBD-specific human monoclonal antibodies from the B cells of convalescent patients. A surprisingly large proportion of such antibodies displayed potent virus-neutralizing activity both in vitro and in vivo. Four of the isolated nAbs can be categorized as ultrapotent with an apparent IC100 below 16 ng/mL. We show that individual nAbs as well as dual combinations thereof retain activity against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617, and C.37), as well as against other viral variants. When used as a prophylactics or therapeutics, these nAbs could potently suppress viral replication and prevent lung pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. Our data contribute to the rational development of oligoclonal therapeutic nAb cocktails mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Gorchakov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Kulemzin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Guselnikov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin O Baranov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana N Belovezhets
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Mechetina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Volkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M Najakshin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton N Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P Solodkov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victor F Larichev
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A Gulyaeva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander G Markhaev
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Kononova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Alekseyev
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia
| | - Alexander M Shestopalov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia
| | - Gaukhar M Yusubalieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Klypa
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir T Valuev-Elliston
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Taranin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen RE, Winkler ES, Case JB, Aziati ID, Bricker TL, Joshi A, Darling TL, Ying B, Errico JM, Shrihari S, VanBlargan LA, Xie X, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Droit L, Liu Z, Stumpf S, Wang D, Handley SA, Stine WB, Shi PY, Davis-Gardner ME, Suthar MS, Knight MG, Andino R, Chiu CY, Ellebedy AH, Fremont DH, Whelan SPJ, Crowe JE, Purcell L, Corti D, Boon ACM, Diamond MS. In vivo monoclonal antibody efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. Nature 2021; 596:103-108. [PMID: 34153975 PMCID: PMC8349859 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants jeopardize antibody-based countermeasures. Although cell culture experiments have demonstrated a loss of potency of several anti-spike neutralizing antibodies against variant strains of SARS-CoV-21-3, the in vivo importance of these results remains uncertain. Here we report the in vitro and in vivo activity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which correspond to many in advanced clinical development by Vir Biotechnology, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Regeneron and Lilly, against SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses. Although some individual mAbs showed reduced or abrogated neutralizing activity in cell culture against B.1.351, B.1.1.28, B.1.617.1 and B.1.526 viruses with mutations at residue E484 of the spike protein, low prophylactic doses of mAb combinations protected against infection by many variants in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, 129S2 immunocompetent mice and hamsters, without the emergence of resistance. Exceptions were LY-CoV555 monotherapy and LY-CoV555 and LY-CoV016 combination therapy, both of which lost all protective activity, and the combination of AbbVie 2B04 and 47D11, which showed a partial loss of activity. When administered after infection, higher doses of several mAb cocktails protected in vivo against viruses with a B.1.351 spike gene. Therefore, many-but not all-of the antibody products with Emergency Use Authorization should retain substantial efficacy against the prevailing variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mesocricetus/immunology
- Mesocricetus/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neutralization Tests
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vero Cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ishmael D Aziati
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Traci L Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Errico
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Spencer Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Turner JS, O'Halloran JA, Kalaidina E, Kim W, Schmitz AJ, Zhou JQ, Lei T, Thapa M, Chen RE, Case JB, Amanat F, Rauseo AM, Haile A, Xie X, Klebert MK, Suessen T, Middleton WD, Shi PY, Krammer F, Teefey SA, Diamond MS, Presti RM, Ellebedy AH. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses. Nature 2021; 596:109-113. [PMID: 34182569 PMCID: PMC8935394 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are about 95% effective in preventing COVID-191-5. The dynamics of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and germinal centre B cells induced by these vaccines in humans remain unclear. Here we examined antigen-specific B cell responses in peripheral blood (n = 41) and draining lymph nodes in 14 individuals who had received 2 doses of BNT162b2, an mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) gene1. Circulating IgG- and IgA-secreting plasmablasts that target the S protein peaked one week after the second immunization and then declined, becoming undetectable three weeks later. These plasmablast responses preceded maximal levels of serum anti-S binding and neutralizing antibodies to an early circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain as well as emerging variants, especially in individuals who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 (who produced the most robust serological responses). By examining fine needle aspirates of draining axillary lymph nodes, we identified germinal centre B cells that bound S protein in all participants who were sampled after primary immunization. High frequencies of S-binding germinal centre B cells and plasmablasts were sustained in these draining lymph nodes for at least 12 weeks after the booster immunization. S-binding monoclonal antibodies derived from germinal centre B cells predominantly targeted the receptor-binding domain of the S protein, and fewer clones bound to the N-terminal domain or to epitopes shared with the S proteins of the human betacoronaviruses OC43 and HKU1. These latter cross-reactive B cell clones had higher levels of somatic hypermutation as compared to those that recognized only the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which suggests a memory B cell origin. Our studies demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccination of humans induces a persistent germinal centre B cell response, which enables the generation of robust humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane A O'Halloran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizaveta Kalaidina
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wooseob Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J Schmitz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julian Q Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana M Rauseo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alem Haile
- Clinical Trials Unit, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michael K Klebert
- Clinical Trials Unit, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Teresa Suessen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - William D Middleton
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharlene A Teefey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valgardsdottir R, Cattaneo I, Napolitano G, Raglio A, Spinelli O, Salmoiraghi S, Castilletti C, Lapa D, Capobianchi MR, Farina C, Golay J. Identification of Human SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies from Convalescent Patients Using EBV Immortalization. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:26. [PMID: 34287229 PMCID: PMC8293222 DOI: 10.3390/antib10030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation of two human IgG1k monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These mAbs were isolated from two donors who had recovered from COVID-19 infection during the first pandemic peak in the Lombardy region of Italy, the first European and initially most affected region in March 2020. We used the method of EBV immortalization of purified memory B cells and supernatant screening with a spike S1/2 assay for mAb isolation. This method allowed rapid isolation of clones, with one donor showing about 7% of clones positive against spike protein, whereas the other donor did not produce positive clones out of 91 tested. RNA was extracted from positive clones 39-47 days post-EBV infection, allowing VH and VL sequencing. The same clones were sequenced again after a further 100 days in culture, showing that no mutation had taken place during in vitro expansion. The B cell clones could be expanded in culture for more than 4 months after EBV immortalization and secreted the antibodies stably during that time, allowing to purify mg quantities of each mAb for functional assays without generating recombinant proteins. Unfortunately, neither mAb had significant neutralizing activity in a virus infection assay with several different SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The antibody sequences are made freely available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rut Valgardsdottir
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (R.V.); (I.C.); (O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (R.V.); (I.C.); (O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gavino Napolitano
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (G.N.); (A.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Annibale Raglio
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (G.N.); (A.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (R.V.); (I.C.); (O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Salmoiraghi
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (R.V.); (I.C.); (O.S.); (S.S.)
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Virology Laboratory, INMI-IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, 00149 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (D.L.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Virology Laboratory, INMI-IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, 00149 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (D.L.); (M.R.C.)
| | | | - Claudio Farina
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (G.N.); (A.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Josee Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (R.V.); (I.C.); (O.S.); (S.S.)
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
VanBlargan L, Adams L, Liu Z, Chen RE, Gilchuk P, Raju S, Smith B, Zhao H, Case JB, Winkler ES, Whitener B, Droit L, Aziati I, Shi PY, Creanga A, Pegu A, Handley S, Wang D, Boon A, Crowe JE, Whelan SPJ, Fremont D, Diamond M. A potently neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody inhibits variants of concern by binding a highly conserved epitope. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33907753 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.26.441501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility and potential resistance, antibodies and vaccines with broadly inhibitory activity are needed. Here we developed a panel of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs that bind the receptor binding domain of the spike protein at distinct epitopes and block virus attachment to cells and its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2). While several potently neutralizing mAbs protected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice against infection caused by historical SARS-CoV-2 strains, others induced escape variants in vivo and lost activity against emerging strains. We identified one mAb, SARS2-38, that potently neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern tested and protects mice against challenge by multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. Structural analysis showed that SARS2-38 engages a conserved epitope proximal to the receptor binding motif. Thus, treatment with or induction of inhibitory antibodies that bind conserved spike epitopes may limit the loss of potency of therapies or vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
|