1
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Cho CJ, Brown JW, Mills JC. Origins of cancer: ain't it just mature cells misbehaving? EMBO J 2024; 43:2530-2551. [PMID: 38773319 PMCID: PMC11217308 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A pervasive view is that undifferentiated stem cells are alone responsible for generating all other cells and are the origins of cancer. However, emerging evidence demonstrates fully differentiated cells are plastic, can be coaxed to proliferate, and also play essential roles in tissue maintenance, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms governing how differentiated cells become cancer cells. First, we examine the unique characteristics of differentiated cell division, focusing on why differentiated cells are more susceptible than stem cells to accumulating mutations. Next, we investigate why the evolution of multicellularity in animals likely required plastic differentiated cells that maintain the capacity to return to the cell cycle and required the tumor suppressor p53. Finally, we examine an example of an evolutionarily conserved program for the plasticity of differentiated cells, paligenosis, which helps explain the origins of cancers that arise in adults. Altogether, we highlight new perspectives for understanding the development of cancer and new strategies for preventing carcinogenic cellular transformations from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Godthi A, Min S, Das S, Cruz-Corchado J, Deonarine A, Misel-Wuchter K, Issuree PD, Prahlad V. Neuronal IL-17 controls Caenorhabditis elegans developmental diapause through CEP-1/p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315248121. [PMID: 38483995 PMCID: PMC10963014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315248121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
During metazoan development, how cell division and metabolic programs are coordinated with nutrient availability remains unclear. Here, we show that nutrient availability signaled by the neuronal cytokine, ILC-17.1, switches Caenorhabditis elegans development between reproductive growth and dormancy by controlling the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 ortholog, CEP-1. Specifically, upon food availability, ILC-17.1 signaling by amphid neurons promotes glucose utilization and suppresses CEP-1/p53 to allow growth. In the absence of ILC-17.1, CEP-1/p53 is activated, up-regulates cell-cycle inhibitors, decreases phosphofructokinase and cytochrome C expression, and causes larvae to arrest as stress-resistant, quiescent dauers. We propose a model whereby ILC-17.1 signaling links nutrient availability and energy metabolism to cell cycle progression through CEP-1/p53. These studies describe ancestral functions of IL-17 s and the p53 family of proteins and are relevant to our understanding of neuroimmune mechanisms in cancer. They also reveal a DNA damage-independent function of CEP-1/p53 in invertebrate development and support the existence of a previously undescribed C. elegans dauer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishiktha Godthi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Sehee Min
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Johnny Cruz-Corchado
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Andrew Deonarine
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Kara Misel-Wuchter
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Priya D. Issuree
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
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3
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Bakker M, Sørensen HV, Skepö M. Exploring the Role of Globular Domain Locations on an Intrinsically Disordered Region of p53: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1423-1433. [PMID: 38230670 PMCID: PMC10867847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The pre-tetramerization loop (PTL) of the human tumor suppressor protein p53 is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) necessary for the tetramerization process, and its flexibility contributes to the essential conformational changes needed. Although the IDR can be accurately simulated in the traditional manner of molecular dynamics (MD) with the end-to-end distance (EEdist) unhindered, we sought to explore the effects of restraining the EEdist to the values predicted by electron microscopy (EM) and other distances. Simulating the PTL trajectory with a restrained EEdist , we found an increased agreement of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts with experiments. Additionally, we observed a plethora of secondary structures and contacts that only appear when the trajectory is restrained. Our findings expand the understanding of the tetramerization of p53 and provide insight into how mutations could make the protein impotent. In particular, our findings demonstrate the importance of restraining the EEdist in studying IDRs and how their conformations change under different conditions. Our results provide a better understanding of the PTL and the conformational dynamics of IDRs in general, which are useful for further studies regarding mutations and their effects on the activity of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Bakker
- Faculty
of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik V. Sørensen
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund Institute of Advanced
Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-223 770 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- LINXS
- Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-233 70 Lund, Sweden
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4
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Sun X, Ma R, Zhang W, Wang W, Yang G, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Tian J. Discovery of Novel Antitumor Small-Molecule Agent with Dual Action of CDK2/p-RB and MDM2/p53. Molecules 2024; 29:725. [PMID: 38338471 PMCID: PMC10856454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is located downstream of CDK4/6 in the cell cycle and regulates cell entry into S-phase by binding to Cyclin E and hyper-phosphorylating Rb. Proto-oncogene murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of p53, which is highly expressed in tumors and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we identified a dual inhibitor of CDK2 and MDM2, III-13, which had good selectivity for inhibiting CDK2 activity and significantly reduced MDM2 expression. In vitro results showed that III-13 inhibited proliferation of a wide range of tumor cells, regardless of whether Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) was overexpressed or not. The results of in vivo experiments showed that III-13 significantly inhibited proliferation of tumor cells and did not affect body weight of mice. The results of the druggability evaluation showed that III-13 was characterized by low bioavailability and poor membrane permeability when orally administered, suggesting the necessity of further structural modifications. Therefore, this study provided a lead compound for antitumor drugs, especially those against CCNE1-amplified tumor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Runchen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- R & D Center, Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianzhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yunjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
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5
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Wang P, Liu X, Chen Y, Jun-Hao ET, Yao Z, Min-Wen JC, Yan-Jiang BC, Ma S, Ma W, Luo L, Guo L, Song D, Shyh-Chang N. Adult progenitor rejuvenation with embryonic factors. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13459. [PMID: 37177849 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During ageing, adult stem cells' regenerative properties decline, as they undergo replicative senescence and lose both their proliferative and differentiation capacities. In contrast, embryonic and foetal progenitors typically possess heightened proliferative capacities and manifest a more robust regenerative response upon injury and transplantation, despite undergoing many rounds of mitosis. How embryonic and foetal progenitors delay senescence and maintain their proliferative and differentiation capacities after numerous rounds of mitosis, remains unknown. It is also unclear if defined embryonic factors can rejuvenate adult progenitors to confer extended proliferative and differentiation capacities, without reprogramming their lineage-specific fates or inducing oncogenic transformation. Here, we report that a minimal combination of LIN28A, TERT, and sh-p53 (LTS), all of which are tightly regulated and play important roles during embryonic development, can delay senescence in adult muscle progenitors. LTS muscle progenitors showed an extended proliferative capacity, maintained a normal karyotype, underwent myogenesis normally, and did not manifest tumorigenesis nor aberrations in lineage differentiation, even in late passages. LTS treatment promoted self-renewal and rescued the pro-senescence phenotype of aged cachexia patients' muscle progenitors, and promoted their engraftment for skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo. When we examined the mechanistic basis for LIN28A's role in the LTS minimum combo, let-7 microRNA suppression could not fully explain how LIN28A promoted muscle progenitor self-renewal. Instead, LIN28A was promoting the translation of oxidative phosphorylation mRNAs in adult muscle progenitors to optimize mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and mitohormetic signalling. Optimized mtROS induced a variety of mitohormetic stress responses, including the hypoxic response for metabolic damage, the unfolded protein response for protein damage, and the p53 response for DNA damage. Perturbation of mtROS levels specifically abrogated the LIN28A-driven hypoxic response in Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF1α) and glycolysis, and thus LTS progenitor self-renewal, without affecting normal or TS progenitors. Our findings connect embryonically regulated factors to mitohormesis and progenitor rejuvenation, with implications for ageing-related muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xupeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elwin Tan Jun-Hao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziyue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jason Chua Min-Wen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Chua Yan-Jiang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Montero-Calle A, Garranzo-Asensio M, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Poves C, Dziaková J, Sanz R, Díaz del Arco C, Pingarrón JM, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Campuzano S, Barderas R. p53 and p63 Proteoforms Derived from Alternative Splicing Possess Differential Seroreactivity in Colorectal Cancer with Distinct Diagnostic Ability from the Canonical Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072102. [PMID: 37046764 PMCID: PMC10092954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The detection in plasma samples of autoantibodies against specific tumor-associated antigens has been demonstrated to be useful for the early diagnosis of CRC by liquid biopsy. However, new studies related to the humoral immune response in cancer are needed to enable blood-based diagnosis of the disease. Here, our aim was to characterize the humoral immune response associated with the different p53 and p63 proteoforms derived from alternative splicing and previously described as aberrantly expressed in CRC. Thus, here we investigated the diagnostic ability of the twelve p53 proteoforms and the eight p63 proteoforms described to date, and their specific N-terminal and C-terminal end peptides, by means of luminescence HaloTag beads immunoassays. Full-length proteoforms or specific peptides were cloned as HaloTag fusion proteins and their seroreactivity analyzed using plasma from CRC patients at stages I-IV (n = 31), individuals with premalignant lesions (n = 31), and healthy individuals (n = 48). p53γ, Δ40p53β, Δ40p53γ, Δ133p53γ, Δ160p53γ, TAp63α, TAp63δ, ΔNp63α, and ΔNp63δ, together with the specific C-terminal end α and δ p63 peptides, were found to be more seroreactive against plasma from CRC patients and/or individuals with premalignant lesions than from healthy individuals. In addition, ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves revealed a high diagnostic ability of those p53 and p63 proteoforms to detect CRC and premalignant individuals (AUC higher than 85%). Finally, electrochemical biosensing platforms were employed in POC-like devices to investigate their usefulness for CRC detection using selected p53 and p63 proteoforms. Our results demonstrate not only the potential of these biosensors for the simultaneous analysis of proteoforms’ seroreactivity, but also their convenience and versatility for the clinical detection of CRC by liquid biopsy. In conclusion, we here show that p53 and p63 proteoforms possess differential seroreactivity in CRC patients in comparison to controls, distinctive from canonical proteins, which should improve the diagnostic panels for obtaining a blood-based biomarker signature for CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - María Garranzo-Asensio
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Carmen Poves
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jana Dziaková
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Sanz
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Surgical Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain (M.J.F.-A.)
| | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Benítez S, Figueroa Á, Lagos NA, Silva AX, Duarte C, Vargas CA, Lardies MA, Cárdenas L. Differential gene expression analysis in the scallop Argopecten purpuratus exposed to altered pH and temperature conditions in an upwelling-influenced farming area. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101046. [PMID: 36495831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its absorption across the ocean surface will alter natural variations in pH and temperature levels, occurring in coastal upwelling ecosystems. The scallop Argopecten purpuratus, one of the most economically important species farmed in northern Chile, has been shown to be vulnerable to these environmental drivers. However, the regulatory responses at the gene-level of scallops to these climate stressors remain almost unknown. Consequently, we used an orthogonal experimental design and RNAseq approach to analyze the acute effects of variability in pH and temperature on gene expression in the muscle tissue of A. purpuratus. In respect to control conditions (pH ~ 8.0/ 14 °C), the influence of low pH (~ 7.7) and temperature (14 °C) induced the activation of several genes associated with apoptotic signaling pathways and protein localization to plasma membrane. Elevated temperature (18 °C) and pH (~8.0) conditions increased the expression of transcripts associated with the activation of muscle contraction, regulation, and sarcomere organization effects on muscle tissue. In scallops exposed to low pH and elevated temperature, the genes expressed were differentially associated with the oxidation-reduction process, signal translation, and positive regulation of GTPase activity. These results indicated that the differentially expressed genes under the experimental conditions tested are mainly related to the mitigation of cellular damage and homeostasis control. Our results add knowledge about the function of the adductor muscle in response to stressors in scallops. Furthermore, these results could help in the identification of molecular biomarkers of stress necessary to be integrated into the aquaculture programs for the mitigation of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Benítez
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea X Silva
- AUSTRAL-omics, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Desarrollo y Creación Artística, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Vargas
- Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros y Cambio Ambiental Global (ECCALab), Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales & Centro EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile.
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8
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Zhang J, Sun W, Yan W, Kong X, Shen T, Laubach K, Chen M, Chen X. TP73 Isoform-specific disruption reveals a critical role of TAp73beta in growth suppression and inflammatory response. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36631448 PMCID: PMC9834251 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TP73 is expressed as multiple N- and C-terminal isoforms through two separate promoters or alternative splicing. While N-terminal p73 isoforms have been well studied, very little is known about p73 C-terminal isoforms. Thus, CRISPR was used to delete TP73 Exon13 (E13-KO) to induce p73α to p73β isoform switch. We showed that E13-KO led to decreased cell proliferation and migration and sensitized cells to ferroptosis, which can be reverted by knockdown of TAp73β in E13-KO cells. To understand the biological function of p73β in vivo, we generated a mouse model in that the Trp73 E13 was deleted by CRISPR. We showed that p73α to p73β isoform switch led to increased cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We also showed that E13-deficient mice exhibited shorter life span and were prone to spontaneous tumors, chronic inflammation and liver steatosis as compared to WT mice. Additionally, we found that the incidence of chronic inflammation and liver steatosis was higher in E13-deficient mice than that in Trp73-deficient mice, suggesting that p73β is a strong inducer of inflammatory response. Mechanistically, we showed that TAp73β was able to induce cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO-1), leading to cysteine depletion and subsequently, enhanced ferroptosis and growth suppression. Conversely, knockdown of CDO-1 was able to alleviate the growth suppression and ferroptosis in E13-KO cells. Together, our data suggest that at a physiologically relevant level, TAp73β is a strong inducer of growth suppression but insufficient to compensate for loss of TAp73α in tumor suppression due to aberrant induction of inflammatory response and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA.
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
- Berkeley Regional Lab, Pathology/Lab-Histology Department, The Permanente Medical group, Berkeley, CA, 94085, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Califronia, Davis, USA
| | - Kyra Laubach
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, UC Davis, California, Davis, USA.
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9
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Cofre J, Saalfeld K. The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. I. A presentation of the neoplastic process and its connection with cell fusion and germline formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1067248. [PMID: 36684435 PMCID: PMC9846517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1067248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The decisive role of Embryology in understanding the evolution of animal forms is founded and deeply rooted in the history of science. It is recognized that the emergence of multicellularity would not have been possible without the formation of the first embryo. We speculate that biophysical phenomena and the surrounding environment of the Ediacaran ocean were instrumental in co-opting a neoplastic functional module (NFM) within the nucleus of the first zygote. Thus, the neoplastic process, understood here as a biological phenomenon with profound embryologic implications, served as the evolutionary engine that favored the formation of the first embryo and cancerous diseases and allowed to coherently create and recreate body shapes in different animal groups during evolution. In this article, we provide a deep reflection on the Physics of the first embryogenesis and its contribution to the exaptation of additional NFM components, such as the extracellular matrix. Knowledge of NFM components, structure, dynamics, and origin advances our understanding of the numerous possibilities and different innovations that embryos have undergone to create animal forms via Neoplasia during evolutionary radiation. The developmental pathways of Neoplasia have their origins in ctenophores and were consolidated in mammals and other apical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cofre
- Laboratório de Embriologia Molecular e Câncer, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jaime Cofre,
| | - Kay Saalfeld
- Laboratório de Filogenia Animal, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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10
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Evo-devo perspectives on cancer. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:797-815. [PMID: 36250956 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The integration of evolutionary and developmental approaches into the field of evolutionary developmental biology has opened new areas of inquiry- from understanding the evolution of development and its underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms to addressing the role of development in evolution. For the last several decades, the terms 'evolution' and 'development' have been increasingly linked to cancer, in many different frameworks and contexts. This mini-review, as part of a special issue on Evolutionary Developmental Biology, discusses the main areas in cancer research that have been addressed through the lenses of both evolutionary and developmental biology, though not always fully or explicitly integrated in an evo-devo framework. First, it briefly introduces the current views on carcinogenesis that invoke evolutionary and/or developmental perspectives. Then, it discusses the main mechanisms proposed to have specifically evolved to suppress cancer during the evolution of multicellularity. Lastly, it considers whether the evolution of multicellularity and development was shaped by the threat of cancer (a cancer-evo-devo perspective), and/or whether the evolution of developmental programs and life history traits can shape cancer resistance/risk in various lineages (an evo-devo-cancer perspective). A proper evolutionary developmental framework for cancer, both as a disease and in terms of its natural history (in the context of the evolution of multicellularity and development as well as life history traits), could bridge the currently disparate evolutionary and developmental perspectives and uncover aspects that will provide new insights for cancer prevention and treatment.
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11
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Padariya M, Jooste ML, Hupp T, Fåhraeus R, Vojtesek B, Vollrath F, Kalathiya U, Karakostis K. The Elephant evolved p53 isoforms that escape mdm2-mediated repression and cancer. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6632613. [PMID: 35792674 PMCID: PMC9279639 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a transcription factor with roles in cell development, apoptosis, oncogenesis, aging, and homeostasis in response to stresses and infections. p53 is tightly regulated by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. The p53–MDM2 pathway has coevolved, with MDM2 remaining largely conserved, whereas the TP53 gene morphed into various isoforms. Studies on prevertebrate ancestral homologs revealed the transition from an environmentally induced mechanism activating p53 to a tightly regulated system involving cell signaling. The evolution of this mechanism depends on structural changes in the interacting protein motifs. Elephants such as Loxodonta africana constitute ideal models to investigate this coevolution as they are large and long-living as well as having 20 copies of TP53 isoformic sequences expressing a variety of BOX-I MDM2-binding motifs. Collectively, these isoforms would enhance sensitivity to cellular stresses, such as DNA damage, presumably accounting for strong cancer defenses and other adaptations favoring healthy aging. Here we investigate the molecular evolution of the p53–MDM2 system by combining in silico modeling and in vitro assays to explore structural and functional aspects of p53 isoforms retaining the MDM2 interaction, whereas forming distinct pools of cell signaling. The methodology used demonstrates, for the first time that in silico docking simulations can be used to explore functional aspects of elephant p53 isoforms. Our observations elucidate structural and mechanistic aspects of p53 regulation, facilitate understanding of complex cell signaling, and suggest testable hypotheses of p53 evolution referencing Peto’s Paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Mia-Lyn Jooste
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ted Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire , Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris , France
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University , 90185 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, Zoology Research and Administration Building, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
- Save the Elephants Marula Manor , Marula Lane, Karen P.O. Box 54667. Nairobi 00200. Kenya Office: +254 720 441 178
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Konstantinos Karakostis
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire , Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris , France
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) , Spain
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12
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Chakravarti A, Thirimanne HN, Brown S, Calvi BR. Drosophila p53 isoforms have overlapping and distinct functions in germline genome integrity and oocyte quality control. eLife 2022; 11:61389. [PMID: 35023826 PMCID: PMC8758136 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 gene family members in humans and other organisms encode a large number of protein isoforms whose functions are largely undefined. Using Drosophila as a model, we find that a p53B isoform is expressed predominantly in the germline where it colocalizes with p53A into subnuclear bodies. It is only p53A, however, that mediates the apoptotic response to ionizing radiation in the germline and soma. In contrast, p53A and p53B are both required for the normal repair of meiotic DNA breaks, an activity that is more crucial when meiotic recombination is defective. We find that in oocytes with persistent DNA breaks p53A is also required to activate a meiotic pachytene checkpoint. Our findings indicate that Drosophila p53 isoforms have DNA lesion and cell type-specific functions, with parallels to the functions of mammalian p53 family members in the genotoxic stress response and oocyte quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Savanna Brown
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
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13
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Meier B, Volkova NV, Wang B, González-Huici V, Bertolini S, Campbell PJ, Gerstung M, Gartner A. C. elegans genome-wide analysis reveals DNA repair pathways that act cooperatively to preserve genome integrity upon ionizing radiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258269. [PMID: 34614038 PMCID: PMC8494335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used in cancer therapy and accidental or environmental exposure is a major concern. However, little is known about the genome-wide effects IR exerts on germ cells and the relative contribution of DNA repair pathways for mending IR-induced lesions. Here, using C. elegans as a model system and using primary sequencing data from our recent high-level overview of the mutagenic consequences of 11 genotoxic agents, we investigate in detail the genome-wide mutagenic consequences of exposing wild-type and 43 DNA repair and damage response defective C. elegans strains to a Caesium (Cs-137) source, emitting γ-rays. Cs-137 radiation induced single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at a rate of ~1 base substitution per 3 Gy, affecting all nucleotides equally. In nucleotide excision repair mutants, this frequency increased 2-fold concurrently with increased dinucleotide substitutions. As observed for DNA damage induced by bulky DNA adducts, small deletions were increased in translesion polymerase mutants, while base changes decreased. Structural variants (SVs) were augmented with dose, but did not arise with significantly higher frequency in any DNA repair mutants tested. Moreover, 6% of all mutations occurred in clusters, but clustering was not significantly altered in any DNA repair mutant background. Our data is relevant for better understanding how DNA repair pathways modulate IR-induced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Meier
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nadezda V. Volkova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Wang
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Víctor González-Huici
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Bertolini
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Abstract
The evolutionary theory of aging has set the foundations for a comprehensive understanding of aging. The biology of aging has listed and described the "hallmarks of aging," i.e., cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in human aging. The present paper is the first to infer the order of appearance of the hallmarks of bilaterian and thereby human aging throughout evolution from their presence in progressively narrower clades. Its first result is that all organisms, even non-senescent, have to deal with at least one mechanism of aging - the progressive accumulation of misfolded or unstable proteins. Due to their cumulation, these mechanisms are called "layers of aging." A difference should be made between the first four layers of unicellular aging, present in some unicellular organisms and in all multicellular opisthokonts, that stem and strike "from the inside" of individual cells and span from increasingly abnormal protein folding to deregulated nutrient sensing, and the last four layers of metacellular aging, progressively appearing in metazoans, that strike the cells of a multicellular organism "from the outside," i.e., because of other cells, and span from transcriptional alterations to the disruption of intercellular communication. The evolution of metazoans and eumetazoans probably solved the problem of aging along with the problem of unicellular aging. However, metacellular aging originates in the mechanisms by which the effects of unicellular aging are kept under control - e.g., the exhaustion of stem cells that contribute to replace damaged somatic cells. In bilaterians, additional functions have taken a toll on generally useless potentially limited lifespan to increase the fitness of organisms at the price of a progressively less efficient containment of the damage of unicellular aging. In the end, this picture suggests that geroscience should be more efficient in targeting conditions of metacellular aging rather than unicellular aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Lemoine
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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15
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Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 as a Tissue Architect. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716957. [PMID: 34368167 PMCID: PMC8343074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP73 gene belongs to the p53 family comprised by p53, p63, and p73. In response to physiological and pathological signals these transcription factors regulate multiple molecular pathways which merge in an ensemble of interconnected networks, in which the control of cell proliferation and cell death occupies a prominent position. However, the complex phenotype of the Trp73 deficient mice has revealed that the biological relevance of this gene does not exclusively rely on its growth suppression effects, but it is also intertwined with other fundamental roles governing different aspects of tissue physiology. p73 function is essential for the organization and homeostasis of different complex microenvironments, like the neurogenic niche, which supports the neural progenitor cells and the ependyma, the male and female reproductive organs, the respiratory epithelium or the vascular network. We propose that all these, apparently unrelated, developmental roles, have a common denominator: p73 function as a tissue architect. Tissue architecture is defined by the nature and the integrity of its cellular and extracellular compartments, and it is based on proper adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as the establishment of cellular polarity. In this work, we will review the current understanding of p73 role as a neurogenic niche architect through the regulation of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and Planar Cell Polarity, and give a general overview of TAp73 as a hub modulator of these functions, whose alteration could impinge in many of the Trp73 -/- phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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16
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Woodstock DL, Sammons MA, Fischer M. p63 and p53: Collaborative Partners or Dueling Rivals? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701986. [PMID: 34291055 PMCID: PMC8287303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its oncogenic sibling p63 (ΔNp63) direct opposing fates in tumor development. These paralog proteins are transcription factors that elicit their tumor suppressive and oncogenic capacity through the regulation of both shared and unique target genes. Both proteins predominantly function as activators of transcription, leading to a paradigm shift away from ΔNp63 as a dominant negative to p53 activity. The discovery of p53 and p63 as pioneer transcription factors regulating chromatin structure revealed new insights into how these paralogs can both positively and negatively influence each other to direct cell fate. The previous view of a strict rivalry between the siblings needs to be revisited, as p53 and p63 can also work together toward a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Woodstock
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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17
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Timmerman DM, Remmers TL, Hillenius S, Looijenga LHJ. Mechanisms of TP53 Pathway Inactivation in Embryonic and Somatic Cells-Relevance for Understanding (Germ Cell) Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105377. [PMID: 34065345 PMCID: PMC8161298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The P53 pathway is the most important cellular pathway to maintain genomic and cellular integrity, both in embryonic and non-embryonic cells. Stress signals induce its activation, initiating autophagy or cell cycle arrest to enable DNA repair. The persistence of these signals causes either senescence or apoptosis. Over 50% of all solid tumors harbor mutations in TP53 that inactivate the pathway. The remaining cancers are suggested to harbor mutations in genes that regulate the P53 pathway such as its inhibitors Mouse Double Minute 2 and 4 (MDM2 and MDM4, respectively). Many reviews have already been dedicated to P53, MDM2, and MDM4, while this review additionally focuses on the other factors that can deregulate P53 signaling. We discuss that P14ARF (ARF) functions as a negative regulator of MDM2, explaining the frequent loss of ARF detected in cancers. The long non-coding RNA Antisense Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) is encoded on the same locus as ARF, inhibiting ARF expression, thus contributing to the process of tumorigenesis. Mutations in tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins deregulate P53 signaling through their ubiquitin ligase activity. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) inactivate the P53 pathway through inhibition of translation. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) maintains an open chromatin structure at the TP53 locus, explaining its inactivation of CTCF during tumorigenesis. P21, a downstream effector of P53, has been found to be deregulated in different tumor types. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these factors that are known to deregulate the P53 pathway in both somatic and embryonic cells, as well as their malignant counterparts (i.e., somatic and germ cell tumors). It provides insights into which aspects still need to be unraveled to grasp their contribution to tumorigenesis, putatively leading to novel targets for effective cancer therapies.
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18
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Life as a Vector of Dengue Virus: The Antioxidant Strategy of Mosquito Cells to Survive Viral Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030395. [PMID: 33807863 PMCID: PMC8000470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease of increasing global importance. The disease has caused heavy burdens due to frequent outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The dengue virus (DENV) is generally transmitted between human hosts via the bite of a mosquito vector, primarily Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus as a minor species. It is known that the virus needs to alternately infect mosquito and human cells. DENV-induced cell death is relevant to the pathogenesis in humans as infected cells undergo apoptosis. In contrast, mosquito cells mostly survive the infection; this allows infected mosquitoes to remain healthy enough to serve as an efficient vector in nature. Overexpression of antioxidant genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutaredoxin (Grx), thioredoxin (Trx), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) have been detected in DENV2-infected mosquito cells. Additional antioxidants, including GST, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5a), and p53 isoform 2 (p53-2), and perhaps some others, are also involved in creating an intracellular environment suitable for cell replication and viral infection. Antiapoptotic effects involving inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) upregulation and subsequent elevation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities also play crucial roles in the ability of mosquito cells to survive DENV infection. This article focused on the effects of intracellular responses in mosquito cells to infection primarily by DENVs. It may provide more information to better understand virus/cell interactions that can possibly elucidate the evolutionary pathway that led to the mosquito becoming a vector.
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19
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Gartner A, Engebrecht J. DNA repair, recombination, and damage signaling. Genetics 2021; 220:6522877. [PMID: 35137093 PMCID: PMC9097270 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA must be accurately copied and propagated from one cell division to the next, and from one generation to the next. To ensure the faithful transmission of the genome, a plethora of distinct as well as overlapping DNA repair and recombination pathways have evolved. These pathways repair a large variety of lesions, including alterations to single nucleotides and DNA single and double-strand breaks, that are generated as a consequence of normal cellular function or by external DNA damaging agents. In addition to the proteins that mediate DNA repair, checkpoint pathways have also evolved to monitor the genome and coordinate the action of various repair pathways. Checkpoints facilitate repair by mediating a transient cell cycle arrest, or through initiation of cell suicide if DNA damage has overwhelmed repair capacity. In this chapter, we describe the attributes of Caenorhabditis elegans that facilitate analyses of DNA repair, recombination, and checkpoint signaling in the context of a whole animal. We review the current knowledge of C. elegans DNA repair, recombination, and DNA damage response pathways, and their role during development, growth, and in the germ line. We also discuss how the analysis of mutational signatures in C. elegans is helping to inform cancer mutational signatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gartner
- Department for Biological Sciences, IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
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20
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Mathavarajah S, VanIderstine C, Dellaire G, Huber RJ. Cancer and the breakdown of multicellularity: What Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba, can teach us. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000156. [PMID: 33448043 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ancient pathways promoting unicellularity and multicellularity are associated with cancer, the former being pro-oncogenic and the latter acting to suppress oncogenesis. However, there are only a limited number of non-vertebrate models for studying these pathways. Here, we review Dictyostelium discoideum and describe how it can be used to understand these gene networks. D. discoideum has a unicellular and multicellular life cycle, making it possible to study orthologs of cancer-associated genes in both phases. During development, differentiated amoebae form a fruiting body composed of a mass of spores that are supported atop a stalk. A portion of the cells sacrifice themselves to become non-reproductive stalk cells. Cheating disrupts the principles of multicellularity, as cheater cells alter their cell fate to preferentially become spores. Importantly, D. discoideum has gene networks and several strategies for maintaining multicellularity. Therefore, D. discoideum can help us better understand how conserved genes and pathways involved in multicellularity also influence cancer development, potentially identifying new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabateeshan Mathavarajah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carter VanIderstine
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Calabrese C, Panuzzo C, Stanga S, Andreani G, Ravera S, Maglione A, Pironi L, Petiti J, Shahzad Ali M, Scaravaglio P, Napoli F, Fava C, De Gobbi M, Frassoni F, Saglio G, Bracco E, Pergolizzi B, Cilloni D. Deferasirox-Dependent Iron Chelation Enhances Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Restores p53 Signaling by Stabilization of p53 Family Members in Leukemic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207674. [PMID: 33081324 PMCID: PMC7589297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is crucial to satisfy several mitochondrial functions including energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Patients affected by Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are frequently characterized by iron overload (IOL), due to continuous red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. This event impacts the overall survival (OS) and it is associated with increased mortality in lower-risk MDS patients. Accordingly, the oral iron chelator Deferasirox (DFX) has been reported to improve the OS and delay leukemic transformation. However, the molecular players and the biological mechanisms laying behind remain currently mostly undefined. The aim of this study has been to investigate the potential anti-leukemic effect of DFX, by functionally and molecularly analyzing its effects in three different leukemia cell lines, harboring or not p53 mutations, and in human primary cells derived from 15 MDS/AML patients. Our findings indicated that DFX can lead to apoptosis, impairment of cell growth only in a context of IOL, and can induce a significant alteration of mitochondria network, with a sharp reduction in mitochondrial activity. Moreover, through a remarkable reduction of Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2), known to regulate the stability of p53 and p73 proteins, we observed an enhancement of p53 transcriptional activity after DFX. Interestingly, this iron depletion-triggered signaling is enabled by p73, in the absence of p53, or in the presence of a p53 mutant form. In conclusion, we propose a mechanism by which the increased p53 family transcriptional activity and protein stability could explain the potential benefits of iron chelation therapy in terms of improving OS and delaying leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Serena Stanga
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Andreani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Pironi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrizia Scaravaglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesca Napoli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Marco De Gobbi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (G.A.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (J.P.); (M.S.A.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (M.D.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.); (B.P.); (D.C.)
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22
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Plachetzki DC, Pankey MS, MacManes MD, Lesser MP, Walker CW. The Genome of the Softshell Clam Mya arenaria and the Evolution of Apoptosis. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1681-1693. [PMID: 32653903 PMCID: PMC7531772 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a fundamental feature of multicellular animals and is best understood in mammals, flies, and nematodes, with the invertebrate models being thought to represent a condition of ancestral simplicity. However, the existence of a leukemia-like cancer in the softshell clam Mya arenaria provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the evolution of the genetic machinery of apoptosis. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence for M. arenaria which we leverage with existing data to test evolutionary hypotheses on the origins of apoptosis in animals. We show that the ancestral bilaterian p53 locus, a master regulator of apoptosis, possessed a complex domain structure, in contrast to that of extant ecdysozoan p53s. Further, ecdysozoan taxa, but not chordates or lophotrochozoans like M. arenaria, show a widespread reduction in apoptosis gene copy number. Finally, phylogenetic exploration of apoptosis gene copy number reveals a striking linkage with p53 domain complexity across species. Our results challenge the current understanding of the evolution of apoptosis and highlight the ancestral complexity of the bilaterian apoptotic tool kit and its subsequent dismantlement during the ecdysozoan radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Plachetzki
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire
| | - M Sabrina Pankey
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire
| | - Michael P Lesser
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire
- School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire
| | - Charles W Walker
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire
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23
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Sammons MA, Nguyen TAT, McDade SS, Fischer M. Tumor suppressor p53: from engaging DNA to target gene regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8848-8869. [PMID: 32797160 PMCID: PMC7498329 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor confers its potent tumor suppressor functions primarily through the regulation of a large network of target genes. The recent explosion of next generation sequencing protocols has enabled the study of the p53 gene regulatory network (GRN) and underlying mechanisms at an unprecedented depth and scale, helping us to understand precisely how p53 controls gene regulation. Here, we discuss our current understanding of where and how p53 binds to DNA and chromatin, its pioneer-like role, and how this affects gene regulation. We provide an overview of the p53 GRN and the direct and indirect mechanisms through which p53 affects gene regulation. In particular, we focus on delineating the ubiquitous and cell type-specific network of regulatory elements that p53 engages; reviewing our understanding of how, where, and when p53 binds to DNA and the mechanisms through which these events regulate transcription. Finally, we discuss the evolution of the p53 GRN and how recent work has revealed remarkable differences between vertebrates, which are of particular importance to cancer researchers using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Thuy-Ai T Nguyen
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory and Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Simon S McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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24
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Jasti N, Sebagh D, Riaz M, Wang X, Koripella B, Palanisamy V, Mohammad N, Chen Q, Friedrich M. Towards reconstructing the dipteran demise of an ancient essential gene: E3 ubiquitin ligase Murine double minute. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 230:279-294. [PMID: 32623522 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome studies have uncovered many examples of essential gene loss, raising the question of how ancient genes transition from essentiality to dispensability. We explored this process for the deeply conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase Murine double minute (Mdm), which is lacking in Drosophila despite the conservation of its main regulatory target, the cellular stress response gene p53. Conducting gene expression and knockdown experiments in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we found evidence that Mdm has remained essential in insects where it is present. Using bioinformatics approaches, we confirm the absence of the Mdm gene family in Drosophila, mapping its loss to the stem lineage of schizophoran Diptera and Pipunculidae (big-headed flies), about 95-85 million years ago. Intriguingly, this gene loss event was preceded by the de novo origin of the gene Companion of reaper (Corp), a novel p53 regulatory factor that is characterized by functional similarities to vertebrate Mdm2 despite lacking E3 ubiquitin ligase protein domains. Speaking against a 1:1 compensatory gene gain/loss scenario, however, we found that hoverflies (Syrphidae) and pointed-wing flies (Lonchopteridae) possess both Mdm and Corp. This implies that the two p53 regulators have been coexisting for ~ 150 million years in select dipteran clades and for at least 50 million years in the lineage to Schizophora and Pipunculidae. Given these extensive time spans of Mdm/Corp coexistence, we speculate that the loss of Mdm in the lineage to Drosophila involved further acquisitions of compensatory gene activities besides the emergence of Corp. Combined with the previously noted reduction of an ancestral P53 contact domain in the Mdm homologs of crustaceans and insects, we conclude that the loss of the ancient Mdm gene family in flies was the outcome of incremental functional regression over long macroevolutionary time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Jasti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, Washington University, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dylan Sebagh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mohammed Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Bharat Koripella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Vasanth Palanisamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nabeel Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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25
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Farooqi K, Ghazvini M, Pride LD, Mazzella L, White D, Pramanik A, Bargonetti J, Moore CW. A Protein in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Presents DNA Binding Homology to the p53 Checkpoint Protein and Tumor Suppressor. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E417. [PMID: 32156076 PMCID: PMC7175211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not contain a p53 homolog. Utilizing this yeast as an in vivo test tube model, our aim was to investigate if a yeast protein would show p53 DNA binding homology. Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses revealed the formation of specific DNA-protein complexes consisting of S. cerevisiae nuclear protein(s) and oligonucleotides containing p53 DNA binding sites. A S. cerevisiae p53 binding site factor (Scp53BSF) bound to a p53 synthetic DNA-consensus sequence (SCS) and a p53 binding-site sequence from the MDM2 oncogene. The complexes were of comparable size. Like mammalian p53, the affinity of Scp53BSF for the SCS oligonucleotide was higher than for the MDM2 oligonucleotide. Binding of Scp53BSF to the SCS and MDM2 oligonucleotides was strongly competed by unlabeled oligonucleotides containing mammalian p53 sites, but very little by a mutated site oligonucleotide. Importantly, Scp53BSF-DNA binding activity was significantly induced in extracts from cells with DNA damage. This resulted in dose-dependent coordinated activation of transcription when using p53-binding site reporter constructs. An ancient p53-like DNA binding protein may have been found, and activation of DNA-associated factors to p53 response elements may have functions not yet determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Farooqi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Studies, City University of New York School of Medicine and B.S.-M.D. Program, Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; (K.F.); (M.G.); (L.D.P.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Marjan Ghazvini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Studies, City University of New York School of Medicine and B.S.-M.D. Program, Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; (K.F.); (M.G.); (L.D.P.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Leah D. Pride
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Studies, City University of New York School of Medicine and B.S.-M.D. Program, Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; (K.F.); (M.G.); (L.D.P.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
- City University of New York Graduate Center, Programs in Biochemistry and Biology, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; (D.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Louis Mazzella
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Studies, City University of New York School of Medicine and B.S.-M.D. Program, Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; (K.F.); (M.G.); (L.D.P.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - David White
- City University of New York Graduate Center, Programs in Biochemistry and Biology, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; (D.W.); (J.B.)
- Department of Biology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ajay Pramanik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Studies, City University of New York School of Medicine and B.S.-M.D. Program, Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; (K.F.); (M.G.); (L.D.P.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- City University of New York Graduate Center, Programs in Biochemistry and Biology, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; (D.W.); (J.B.)
- Department of Biology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carol Wood Moore
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Studies, City University of New York School of Medicine and B.S.-M.D. Program, Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; (K.F.); (M.G.); (L.D.P.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
- City University of New York Graduate Center, Programs in Biochemistry and Biology, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; (D.W.); (J.B.)
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26
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Feng Z, Zhang L, Wu Y, Wang L, Xu M, Yang M, Li Y, Wei G, Chou M. The Rpf84 gene, encoding a ribosomal large subunit protein, RPL22, regulates symbiotic nodulation in Robinia pseudoacacia. PLANTA 2019; 250:1897-1910. [PMID: 31485773 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A homologue of the ribosomal protein L22e, Rpf84, regulates root nodule symbiosis by mediating the infection process of rhizobia and preventing bacteroids from degradation in Robinia pseudoacacia. Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are known to have extraribosomal functions, including developmental regulation and stress responses; however, the effects of RPs on symbiotic nodulation of legumes are still unclear. Ribosomal protein 22 of the large 60S subunit (RPL22), a non-typical RP that is only found in eukaryotes, has been shown to function as a tumour suppressor in animals. Here, a homologue of RPL22, Rpf84, was identified from the leguminous tree R. pseudoacacia. Subcellular localization assays showed that Rpf84 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Knockdown of Rpf84 by RNA interference (RNAi) technology impaired the infection process and nodule development. Compared with the control, root and stem length, dry weight and nodule number per plant were drastically decreased in Rpf84-RNAi plants. The numbers of root hair curlings, infection threads and nodule primordia were also significantly reduced. Ultrastructure analyses showed that Rpf84-RNAi nodules contained fewer infected cells with fewer bacteria. In particular, remarkable deformation of bacteroids and fusion of multiple symbiosomes occurred in infected cells. By contrast, overexpression of Rpf84 promoted nodulation, and the overexpression nodules maintained a larger infection/differentiation region and had more infected cells filled with bacteroids than the control at 45 days post inoculation, suggesting a retarded ageing process in nodules. These results indicate for the first time that RP regulates the symbiotic nodulation of legumes and that RPL22 may function in initiating the invasion of rhizobia and preventing bacteroids from degradation in R. pseudoacacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mingying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Minxia Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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27
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Karakostis K, Fåhraeus R. Shaping the regulation of the p53 mRNA tumour suppressor: the co-evolution of genetic signatures. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:915. [PMID: 31519161 PMCID: PMC6743176 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structured RNA regulatory motifs exist from the prebiotic stages of the RNA world to the more complex eukaryotic systems. In cases where a functional RNA structure is within the coding sequence a selective pressure drives a parallel co-evolution of the RNA structure and the encoded peptide domain. The p53-MDM2 axis, describing the interactions between the p53 tumor suppressor and the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, serves as particularly useful model revealing how secondary RNA structures have co-evolved along with corresponding interacting protein motifs, thus having an impact on protein - RNA and protein - protein interactions; and how such structures developed signal-dependent regulation in mammalian systems. The p53(BOX-I) RNA sequence binds the C-terminus of MDM2 and controls p53 synthesis while the encoded peptide domain binds MDM2 and controls p53 degradation. The BOX-I peptide domain is also located within p53 transcription activation domain. The folding of the p53 mRNA structure has evolved from temperature-regulated in pre-vertebrates to an ATM kinase signal-dependent pathway in mammalian cells. The protein - protein interaction evolved in vertebrates and became regulated by the same signaling pathway. At the same time the protein - RNA and protein - protein interactions evolved, the p53 trans-activation domain progressed to become integrated into a range of cellular pathways. We discuss how a single synonymous mutation in the BOX-1, the p53(L22 L), observed in a chronic lymphocyte leukaemia patient, prevents the activation of p53 following DNA damage. The concepts analysed and discussed in this review may serve as a conceptual mechanistic paradigm of the co-evolution and function of molecules having roles in cellular regulation, or the aetiology of genetic diseases and how synonymous mutations can affect the encoded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Université Paris 7, INSERM UMR 1131, 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
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28
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Biscotti MA, Barucca M, Carducci F, Forconi M, Canapa A. The p53 gene family in vertebrates: Evolutionary considerations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:171-178. [PMID: 31046194 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the p53 gene family predates multicellular life since TP53 members of this gene family have been found in unicellular eukaryotes. In invertebrates one or two genes attributable to a TP53-like or TP63/73-like gene are present. The radiation into three genes, TP53, TP63, and TP73, has been reported as a vertebrate invention. TP53 is considered the "guardian of the genome" given its role in protecting cells against the DNA damage and cellular stressors. TP63 and TP73 play a role in epithelial development and neurogenesis, respectively. The evolution of the p53 gene family has been the subject of considerable analyses even if several questions remain still open. In this study we addressed the evolutionary history of the p53 gene family in vertebrates performing an extended microsyntenic investigation coupled with a phylogenetic analysis, together with protein domain organization and structure assessment. On the basis of our results we discussed a possible evolutionary scenario according to which a TP53/63/73 ancestor form gave rise to the current TP53 and a TP63/73 form, which in turn independently duplicated into two genes in agnathe and gnathostome lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Biscotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Barucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Carducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariko Forconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriana Canapa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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29
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Min H, Lee YU, Shim YH, Kawasaki I. Autophagy of germ-granule components, PGL-1 and PGL-3, contributes to DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008150. [PMID: 31125345 PMCID: PMC6534287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ granules, termed P granules in nematode C. elegans, are the germline-specific cytoplasmic structures widely observed from worms to humans. P granules are known to have critical functions for postembryonic germline development likely through regulating RNA metabolism. They are localized at the perinuclear region of germ cells during most of the developmental stages. However, the biological significance of this specific localization remains elusive. PGL-1 and PGL-3, the defining components of P granules, were shown to be lost from the perinuclear region prior to germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this loss was shown to be significantly enhanced upon DNA damage. Here, we show that the removal of PGL-1 and PGL-3 from the perinuclear region following UV-induced DNA damage is significantly reduced in autophagy mutants. Autophagy was previously shown to be required for DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis. We show that the apoptosis defect of autophagy mutants is bypassed by depletion of pgl-1 or pgl-3. These findings are consistent with time-lapse observations of LGG-1 foci formation, showing that autophagy is activated following UV irradiation and that maximal accumulation of LGG-1 foci occurs before PGL-1 removal. We also show that some of the autophagy genes are transcriptionally activated following UV irradiation by CEP-1, the worm p53-like protein. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy is required to remove the major P granule components, PGL-1 and PGL-3, and that their removal is required for the full induction of DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis. Our study contributes to a better understanding of germ cell apoptosis, a process that leads to the elimination of the vast majority of germ cells in various animals from worms to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Min
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Uk Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fischer M. Conservation and divergence of the p53 gene regulatory network between mice and humans. Oncogene 2019; 38:4095-4109. [PMID: 30710145 PMCID: PMC6755996 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the p53 tumor suppressor pathway remains crucial for the design of anticancer strategies. Studies in human tumors and mouse models help to unravel the molecular mechanisms that underlie the p53 signaling pathway. Yet, the p53 gene regulatory network (GRN) is not the same in mice and humans. The comparison of the regulatory networks of p53 in mice and humans reveals that gene up- and down-regulation by p53 are distinctly affected during evolution. Importantly, gene up-regulation by p53 underwent more rapid evolution and gene down-regulation has been evolutionarily constrained. This difference stems from the two major mechanisms employed by p53 to regulate gene expression: up-regulation through direct p53 target gene binding and indirect down-regulation through the p53-p21-DREAM pathway. More than 1000 genes have been identified to differ in their p53-dependent expression between mice and humans. Analysis of p53 gene expression profiles and p53 binding data reveal that turnover of p53 binding sites is the major mechanism underlying extensive variation in p53-dependent gene up-regulation. Only a core set of high-confidence genes appears to be directly regulated by p53 in both species. In contrast to up-regulation, p53-induced down-regulation is well conserved between mice and humans and controls cell cycle genes. Here a curated data set is provided that extends the previously established web-atlas at www.targetgenereg.org to assess the p53 response of any human gene of interest and its mouse ortholog. Taken together, the analysis reveals a limited translation potential from mouse models to humans for the p53 GRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Molecular Oncology Group, Medical School, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Makino S, Hamajima R, Saito A, Tomizaki M, Iwamoto A, Kobayashi M, Yamada H, Ikeda M. Bombyx mori homolog of tumor suppressor p53 is involved in apoptosis-mediated antiviral immunity of B. mori cells infected with nucleopolyhedrovirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 84:133-141. [PMID: 29448034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is important in antiviral immunity and affects viral multiplication and pathogenesis. Here, we showed that Bombyx mori cells transiently expressing B. mori homolog of the tumor suppressor p53 (Bm-p53) protein underwent apoptosis accompanied by elevated caspase-3-like protease activity and processing of B. mori Dronc (Bm-Dronc). RNAi-mediated silencing of bm-p53 expression, which significantly diminished accumulation of bm-p53 transcript and Bm-p53 protein, prevented apoptosis of B. mori cells infected with a recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus defective in the anti-apoptotic p35 gene (vBmΔp35) and abolished the activation of caspase-3-like protease and processing of Bm-Dronc. Apoptosis in vBmΔp35-infected B. mori cells is associated with viral DNA replication, suggesting involvement of the DNA damage response. The Bm-p53 pro-apoptotic function is also found in Spodoptera frugiperda and Lymantria dispar cells. These results indicate that apoptosis induction in vBmΔp35-infected B. mori cells is a Bm-p53-mediated process promoted by the commencement of viral DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Makino
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rina Hamajima
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Aya Saito
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Moe Tomizaki
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Asako Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamada
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motoko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Chen TH, Wu YJ, Hou JN, Chiang YH, Cheng CC, Sifiyatun E, Chiu CH, Wang LC, Chen WJ. A novel p53 paralogue mediates antioxidant defense of mosquito cells to survive dengue virus replication. Virology 2018; 519:156-169. [PMID: 29727815 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito cells allow dengue viruses (DENVs) to undergo replication without causing serious deleterious effects on the cells, leading to advantages for dissemination to other cells. Despite this, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is usually detected in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection as shown in mammalian cells. Uniquely, oxidative stress caused by the ROS is alleviated by eliciting antioxidant defense which leads to protection of mosquito cells from the infection. In the present study, a novel p53 paralogue (p53-2) was identified and proved to be regulated in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection. With a gene-knockdown technique, p53-2 was demonstrated to transcribe catalase which plays a critical role in reducing ROS accumulation and the death rate of infected cells. Ecologically, a higher survival rate of mosquito cells is a prerequisite for prosperous production of viral progeny, allowing infected mosquitoes to remain healthy and active for virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Huang Chen
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Nan Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Eny Sifiyatun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Program in Tropical Medical Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakartan, Indonesia
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-June Chen
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The processes involved in ribosome biogenesis, including synthesis of ribosomal proteins, ribosome biogenesis-related factors, and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), must be coordinately orchestrated in response to changes in energy supply. In animal cells, defects in ribosome biogenesis induce a nucleolar stress response through the p53-mediated pathway. Our recent finding that an essential, sugar-inducible Arabidopsis gene, APUM24, encoded a pre-rRNA processing factor allowed the relationships between rRNA biogenesis, nucleolar stress, sugar response, and growth regulation to be understood in plants. A knockdown mutant of APUM24 developed sugar-dependent phenotypes including pre-rRNA processing defects, reductions in nucleolar size, and limited promotion of leaf and root growth. Alongside the absence of plant p53 homologs and the synchronous sugar-induced expression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes, these findings suggest the following hypothesis. Sugar supply may enhance ribosome biogenesis defects, leading to p53-independent induction of nucleolar stress responses that include negative regulation of growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Maekawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CONTACT Shuichi Yanagisawa Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 - 8657, Japan
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Di Paolo C, Müller Y, Thalmann B, Hollert H, Seiler TB. p53 induction and cell viability modulation by genotoxic individual chemicals and mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4012-4022. [PMID: 28303539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The binding of the p53 tumor suppression protein to DNA response elements after genotoxic stress can be quantified by cell-based reporter gene assays as a DNA damage endpoint. Currently, bioassay evaluation of environmental samples requires further knowledge on p53 induction by chemical mixtures and on cytotoxicity interference with p53 induction analysis for proper interpretation of results. We investigated the effects of genotoxic pharmaceuticals (actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide) and nitroaromatic compounds (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, 3-nitrobenzanthrone) on p53 induction and cell viability using a reporter gene and a colorimetric assay, respectively. Individual exposures were conducted in the absence or presence of metabolic activation system, while binary and tertiary mixtures were tested in its absence only. Cell viability reduction tended to present direct correlation with p53 induction, and induction peaks occurred mainly at chemical concentrations causing cell viability below 80%. Mixtures presented in general good agreement between predicted and measured p53 induction factors at lower concentrations, while higher chemical concentrations gave lower values than expected. Cytotoxicity evaluation supported the selection of concentration ranges for the p53 assay and the interpretation of its results. The often used 80% viability threshold as a basis to select the maximum test concentration for cell-based assays was not adequate for p53 induction assessment. Instead, concentrations causing up to 50% cell viability reduction should be evaluated in order to identify the lowest observed effect concentration and peak values following meaningful p53 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Di Paolo
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Müller
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beat Thalmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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35
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Maekawa S, Ishida T, Yanagisawa S. Reduced Expression of APUM24, Encoding a Novel rRNA Processing Factor, Induces Sugar-Dependent Nucleolar Stress and Altered Sugar Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:209-227. [PMID: 29242314 PMCID: PMC5810573 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is one of the most energy-consuming events in the cell and must therefore be coordinated with changes in cellular energy status. Here, we show that the sugar-inducible gene ARABIDOPSIS PUMILIO PROTEIN24 (APUM24) encodes a Pumilio homology domain-containing protein involved in pre-rRNA processing in Arabidopsis thaliana Null mutation of APUM24 resulted in aborted embryos due to abnormal gametogenesis and embryogenesis, whereas reduced expression of APUM24 caused several phenotypes characteristic of ribosome biogenesis or function-related mutants. APUM24 interacted with other pre-rRNA processing factors and a putative endonuclease for the removal of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of pre-rRNA in the nucleolus. The APUM24-containing complex also interacted with ITS2, and reduced APUM24 expression caused the overaccumulation of processing intermediates containing ITS2. Thus, APUM24 likely functions as an ITS2 removal-associated factor. Most importantly, the apum24 knockdown mutant was hypersensitive to highly concentrated sugar, and the mutant showed sugar-dependent overaccumulation of processing intermediates and nucleolar stress (changes in nucleolar size). Furthermore, reduced APUM24 expression diminished sugar-induced promotion of leaf and root growth. Hence, a breakdown in the coordinated expression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes with energy status may induce nucleolar stress and disturb proper sugar responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Maekawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishida
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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36
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Åberg E, Saccoccia F, Grabherr M, Ore WYJ, Jemth P, Hultqvist G. Evolution of the p53-MDM2 pathway. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:177. [PMID: 28774266 PMCID: PMC5543598 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p53 signalling pathway, which controls cell fate, has been extensively studied due to its prominent role in tumor development. The pathway includes the tumor supressor protein p53, its vertebrate paralogs p63 and p73, and their negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. The p53/p63/p73-MDM system is ancient and can be traced in all extant animal phyla. Despite this, correct phylogenetic trees including both vertebrate and invertebrate species of the p53/p63/p73 and MDM families have not been published. RESULTS Here, we have examined the evolution of the p53/p63/p73 protein family with particular focus on the p53/p63/p73 transactivation domain (TAD) and its co-evolution with the p53/p63/p73-binding domain (p53/p63/p73BD) of MDM2. We found that the TAD and p53/p63/p73BD share a strong evolutionary connection. If one of the domains of the protein is lost in a phylum, then it seems very likely to be followed by loss of function by the other domain as well, and due to the loss of function it is likely to eventually disappear. By focusing our phylogenetic analysis to p53/p63/p73 and MDM proteins from phyla that retain the interaction domains TAD and p53/p63/p73BD, we built phylogenetic trees of p53/p63/p73 and MDM based on both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The trees follow species evolution and contain a total number of 183 and 98 species for p53/p63/p73 and MDM, respectively. We also demonstrate that the p53/p63/p73 and MDM families result from whole genome duplications. CONCLUSIONS The signaling pathway of the TAD and p53/p63/p73BD in p53/p63/p73 and MDM, respectively, dates back to early metazoan time and has since then tightly co-evolved, or disappeared in distinct lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Åberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manfred Grabherr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wai Ying Josefin Ore
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Greta Hultqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 591, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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The p53 gene with emphasis on its paralogues in mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 50:747-754. [PMID: 28690024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The p53 gene is highly important in human cancers, as it serves as a tumor-suppressor gene. Subsequently, two p53 homologues, i.e., p73 and p63, with high identity of amino acids were identified, leading to construction of the p53 family. The p53 gene is highly important in human cancer because it usually transcribes genes that function by causing apoptosis in mammalian cells. In contrast, p63 and p73 tend to be more important in modulating development than inducing cell death, even though they share similar protein structures. Relatively recently, p53 was also identified in mosquitoes and many other insect species. Uniquely, its structure lacks the sterile alpha motif domain which is a putative protein-protein interaction domain and exclusively exists at the C-terminal region in p73 and p63 in mammals. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the p53 gene derived from mosquitoes is composed of two paralogues, p53-1 and p53-2. Of these, only p53-2 is responsively upregulated by dengue 2 virus (DENV2) in C6/36 cells which usually survive the infection. This indicates that the p53 gene is closely related to DENV infection in mosquito cells. The specific significance of p53-2's involvement in cell survival from virus-induced stress is described and briefly discussed in this report.
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Slaidina M, Lehmann R. Quantitative Differences in a Single Maternal Factor Determine Survival Probabilities among Drosophila Germ Cells. Curr Biol 2017; 27:291-297. [PMID: 28065608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell death occurs in many species [1-3] and has been proposed as a mechanism by which the fittest, strongest, or least damaged germ cells are selected for transmission to the next generation. However, little is known about how the choice is made between germ cell survival and death. Here, we focus on the mechanisms that regulate germ cell survival during embryonic development in Drosophila. We find that the decision to die is a germ cell-intrinsic process linked to quantitative differences in germ plasm inheritance, such that higher germ plasm inheritance correlates with higher primordial germ cell (PGC) survival probability. We demonstrate that the maternal factor lipid phosphate phosphatase Wunen-2 (Wun2) regulates PGC survival in a dose-dependent manner. Since wun2 mRNA levels correlate with the levels of other maternal determinants at the single-cell level, we propose that Wun2 is used as a readout of the overall germ plasm quantity, such that only PGCs with the highest germ plasm quantity survive. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Wun2 and p53, another regulator of PGC survival, have opposite yet independent effects on PGC survival. Since p53 regulates cell death upon DNA damage and various cellular stresses, we hypothesize that together they ensure selection of the PGCs with highest germ plasm quantity and least cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Slaidina
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Felix-Portillo M, Martínez-Quintana JA, Arenas-Padilla M, Mata-Haro V, Gómez-Jiménez S, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Hypoxia drives apoptosis independently of p53 and metallothionein transcript levels in hemocytes of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:454-462. [PMID: 27459156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms used by the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to respond to hypoxia have been studied from the energetic metabolism and antioxidant angles. We herein investigated the participation of p53 and metallothionein (MT) in the apoptotic process in response to hypoxia in shrimp hemocytes. The Lvp53 or LvMT genes were efficiently silenced by injection of double stranded RNA for p53 or MT. The effects of silencing on apoptosis were measured as caspase-3 activity and flow cytometry in hemocytes after 24 and 48 h of hypoxia (1.5 mg DO L(-1)). Hemocytes from unsilenced animals had significantly higher apoptosis levels upon both times of hypoxia. The apoptotic levels were diminished but not suppressed in dsp53-silenced but not dsMT-silenced hemocytes after 24 h of hypoxia, indicating a contribution of Lvp53 to apoptosis. Apoptosis in normoxia was significantly higher in dsp53-and dsMT-silenced animals compared to the unsilenced controls, pointing to a possible cytoprotective role of LvMT and Lvp53 during the basal apoptotic program in normoxia. Overall, these results indicate that hypoxia augments apoptosis in shrimp hemocytes and high mRNA levels of Lvp53 and LvMT are not necessary for this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrath Felix-Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - José A Martínez-Quintana
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada, Km 1, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 33820, Mexico
| | - Marina Arenas-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gómez-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
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40
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Ma H, Song T, Wang T, Wang S. Influence of Human p53 on Plant Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162840. [PMID: 27648563 PMCID: PMC5029891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian p53 is a super tumor suppressor and plays a key role in guarding genome from DNA damage. However, p53 has not been found in plants which do not bear cancer although they constantly expose to ionizing radiation of ultraviolet light. Here we introduced p53 into the model plant Arabidopsis and examined p53-conferred phenotype in plant. Most strikingly, p53 caused early senescence and fasciation. In plants, fasciation has been shown as a result of the elevated homologous DNA recombination. Consistently, a reporter with overlapping segments of the GUS gene (1445) showed that the frequency of homologous recombination was highly induced in p53-transgenic plants. In contrast to p53, SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1-1 INDUCIBLE 1 (SNI1), as a negative regulator of homologous recombination in plants, is not present in mammals. Comet assay and clonogenic survival assay demonstrated that SNI1 inhibited DNA damage repair caused by either ionizing radiation or hydroxyurea in human osteosarcoma U2OS cancer cells. RAD51D is a recombinase in homologous recombination and functions downstream of SNI1 in plants. Interestingly, p53 rendered the sni1 mutants madly branching of inflorescence, a phenotype of fasciation, whereas rad51d mutant fully suppressed the p53-induced phenotype, indicating that human p53 action in plant is mediated by the SNI1-RAD51D signaling pathway. The reciprocal species-swap tests of p53 and SNI1 in human and Arabidopsis manifest that these species-specific proteins play a common role in homologous recombination across kingdoms of animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Teng Song
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Tianhua Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- * E-mail:
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41
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Joerger AC, Fersht AR. The p53 Pathway: Origins, Inactivation in Cancer, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches. Annu Rev Biochem 2016; 85:375-404. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C. Joerger
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Alan R. Fersht
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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42
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Tůmová P, Uzlíková M, Jurczyk T, Nohýnková E. Constitutive aneuploidy and genomic instability in the single-celled eukaryote Giardia intestinalis. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:560-74. [PMID: 27004936 PMCID: PMC4985590 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is an important single‐celled human pathogen. Interestingly, this organism has two equal‐sized transcriptionally active nuclei, each considered diploid. By evaluating condensed chromosome numbers and visualizing homologous chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization, we determined that the Giardia cells are constitutively aneuploid. We observed karyotype inter‐and intra‐population heterogeneity in eight cell lines from two clinical isolates, suggesting constant karyotype evolution during in vitro cultivation. High levels of chromosomal instability and frequent mitotic missegregations observed in four cell lines correlated with a proliferative disadvantage and growth retardation. Other cell lines, although derived from the same clinical isolate, revealed a stable yet aneuploid karyotype. We suggest that both chromatid missegregations and structural rearrangements contribute to shaping the Giardia genome, leading to whole‐chromosome aneuploidy, unequal gene distribution, and a genomic divergence of the two nuclei within one cell. Aneuploidy in Giardia is further propagated without p53‐mediated cell cycle arrest and might have been a key mechanism in generating the genetic diversity of this human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Tůmová
- Department of Tropical Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Studnickova 7, Praha 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Uzlíková
- Department of Tropical Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Studnickova 7, Praha 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jurczyk
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Nohýnková
- Department of Tropical Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Studnickova 7, Praha 2, 12800, Czech Republic
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43
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Karakostis K, Ponnuswamy A, Fusée LTS, Bailly X, Laguerre L, Worall E, Vojtesek B, Nylander K, Fåhraeus R. p53 mRNA and p53 Protein Structures Have Evolved Independently to Interact with MDM2. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:1280-92. [PMID: 26823446 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor and its key regulator MDM2 play essential roles in development, ageing, cancer, and cellular stress responses in mammals. Following DNA damage, MDM2 interacts with p53 mRNA in an ATM kinase-dependent fashion and stimulates p53 synthesis, whereas under normal conditions, MDM2 targets the p53 protein for degradation. The peptide- and RNA motifs that interact with MDM2 are encoded by the same conserved BOX-I sequence, but how these interactions have evolved is unknown. Here, we show that a temperature-sensitive structure in the invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (Ci) p53 mRNA controls its interaction with MDM2. We also show that a nonconserved flanking region of Ci-BOX-I domain prevents the p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction. These results indicate that the temperature-regulated p53 mRNA-MDM2 interaction evolved to become kinase regulated in the mammalian DNA damage response. The data also suggest that the negative regulation of p53 by MDM2 via protein-protein interaction evolved in vertebrates following changes in the BOX-I flanking sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karakostis
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris 7, INSERM UMR 1162, Paris, France
| | - Anand Ponnuswamy
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris 7, INSERM UMR 1162, Paris, France
| | - Leïla T S Fusée
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris 7, INSERM UMR 1162, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Bailly
- UPMC-CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurent Laguerre
- UPMC-CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Erin Worall
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, RECAMO and Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris 7, INSERM UMR 1162, Paris, France Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, RECAMO and Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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44
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Identification and characterisation of Emp53, the homologue of human tumor suppressor p53, from Echinococcus multilocularis: its role in apoptosis and the oxidative stress response. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:517-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Pereira RV, de S Gomes M, Olmo RP, Souza DM, Cabral FJ, Jannotti-Passos LK, Baba EH, Andreolli ABP, Rodrigues V, Castro-Borges W, Guerra-Sá R. Ubiquitin-specific proteases are differentially expressed throughout the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:349. [PMID: 26112833 PMCID: PMC4485857 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ubiquitination process can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). These proteases are involved in ubiquitin processing, in the recovery of modified ubiquitin trapped in inactive forms, and in the recycling of ubiquitin monomers from polyubiquitinated chains. The diversity of DUB functions is illustrated by their number and variety of their catalytic domains with specific 3D architectures. DUBs can be divided into five subclasses: ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs), ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs or UBPs), ovarian tumour proteases (OTUs), Machado-Joseph disease proteases (MJDs) and JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzymes (JAMMs). Methods Considering the role that the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been shown to play during the development of Schistosoma mansoni, our main goal was to identify and characterize SmUSPs. Here, we showed the identification of putative ubiquitin-specific proteases using bioinformatic approaches. We also evaluated the gene expression profile of representative USP family members using qRT-PCR. Results We reported 17 USP family members in S. mansoni that present a conservation of UCH domains. Furthermore, the putative SmUSP transcripts analysed were detected in all investigated stages, showing distinct expression during S. mansoni development. The SmUSPs exhibiting high expression profiles were SmUSP7, SmUSP8, SmUSP9x and SmUSP24. Conclusion S. mansoni USPs showed changes in expression levels for different life cycle stages indicating their involvement in cellular processes required for S. mansoni development. These data will serve as a basis for future functional studies of USPs in this parasite. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0957-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta V Pereira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Matheus de S Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil.
| | - Roenick P Olmo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Daniel M Souza
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Fernanda J Cabral
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Butantã, SP, Brasil.
| | | | - Elio H Baba
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | | | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - William Castro-Borges
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil. .,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas - Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas - ICEB2, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Sala 045, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
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46
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Abstract
The canonical role of p53 in preserving genome integrity and limiting carcinogenesis has been well established. In the presence of acute DNA-damage, oncogene deregulation and other forms of cellular stress, p53 orchestrates a myriad of pleiotropic processes to repair cellular damages and maintain homeostasis. Beside these well-studied functions of p53, recent studies in Drosophila have unraveled intriguing roles of Dmp53 in promoting cell division in apoptosis-induced proliferation, enhancing fitness and proliferation of the winner cell in cell competition and coordinating growth at the organ and organismal level in the presence of stress. In this review, we describe these new functions of Dmp53 and discuss their relevance in the context of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France,
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47
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Joerger AC, Wilcken R, Andreeva A. Tracing the evolution of the p53 tetramerization domain. Structure 2015; 22:1301-1310. [PMID: 25185827 PMCID: PMC4155161 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The tetrameric transcription factors p53, p63, and p73 evolved from a common ancestor and play key roles in tumor suppression and development. Surprisingly, p63 and p73 require a second helix in their tetramerization domain for the formation of stable tetramers that is absent in human p53, raising questions about the evolutionary processes leading to diversification. Here we determined the crystal structure of the zebrafish p53 tetramerization domain, which contains a second helix, reminiscent of p63 and p73, combined with p53-like features. Through comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, we systematically traced the evolution of vertebrate p53 family oligomerization domains back to the beginning of multicellular life. We provide evidence that their last common ancestor also had an extended p63/p73-like domain and pinpoint evolutionary events that shaped this domain during vertebrate radiation. Domain compaction and transformation of a structured into a flexible, intrinsically disordered region may have contributed to the expansion of the human p53 interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Joerger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Rainer Wilcken
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Antonina Andreeva
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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48
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Baričević A, Štifanić M, Hamer B, Batel R. p63 gene structure in the phylum mollusca. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 186:51-8. [PMID: 25936268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Roles of p53 family ancestor (p63) in the organisms' response to stressful environmental conditions (mainly pollution) have been studied among molluscs, especially in the genus Mytilus, within the last 15 years. Nevertheless, information about gene structure of this regulatory gene in molluscs is scarce. Here we report the first complete genomic structure of the p53 family orthologue in the mollusc Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and confirm its similarity to vertebrate p63 gene. Our searches within the available molluscan genomes (Aplysia californica, Lottia gigantea, Crassostrea gigas and Biomphalaria glabrata), found only one p53 family member present in a single copy per haploid genome. Comparative analysis of those orthologues, additionally confirmed the conserved p63 gene structure. Conserved p63 gene structure can be a helpful tool to complement or/and revise gene annotations of any future p63 genomic sequence records in molluscs, but also in other animal phyla. Knowledge of the correct gene structure will enable better prediction of possible protein isoforms and their functions. Our analyses also pointed out possible mis-annotations of the p63 gene in sequenced molluscan genomes and stressed the value of manual inspection (based on alignments of cDNA and protein onto the genome sequence) for a reliable and complete gene annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Baričević
- Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | | | - Bojan Hamer
- Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Renato Batel
- Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
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49
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Zhang B, Rotelli M, Dixon M, Calvi BR. The function of Drosophila p53 isoforms in apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2058-67. [PMID: 25882045 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a major mediator of the cellular response to genotoxic stress and is a crucial suppressor of tumor formation. In a variety of organisms, p53 and its paralogs, p63 and p73, each encode multiple protein isoforms through alternative splicing, promoters, and translation start sites. The function of these isoforms in development and disease are still being defined. Here, we evaluate the apoptotic potential of multiple isoforms of the single p53 gene in the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster. Most previous studies have focused on the p53A isoform, but it has been recently shown that a larger p53B isoform can induce apoptosis when overexpressed. It has remained unclear, however, whether one or both isoforms are required for the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress. We show that p53B is a much more potent inducer of apoptosis than p53A when overexpressed. Overexpression of two newly identified short isoforms perturbed development and inhibited the apoptotic response to ionizing radiation. Analysis of physiological protein expression indicated that p53A is the most abundant isoform, and that both p53A and p53B can form a complex and co-localize to sub-nuclear compartments. In contrast to the overexpression results, new isoform-specific loss-of-function mutants indicated that it is the shorter p53A isoform, not full-length p53B, that is the primary mediator of pro-apoptotic gene transcription and apoptosis after ionizing radiation. Together, our data show that it is the shorter p53A isoform that mediates the apoptotic response to DNA damage, and further suggest that p53B and shorter isoforms have specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - M Rotelli
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - M Dixon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - B R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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50
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Lion M, Raimondi I, Donati S, Jousson O, Ciribilli Y, Inga A. Evolution of p53 transactivation specificity through the lens of a yeast-based functional assay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116177. [PMID: 25668429 PMCID: PMC4323202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-evolution of transcription factors (TFs) with their respective cis-regulatory network enhances functional diversity in the course of evolution. We present a new approach to investigate transactivation capacity of sequence-specific TFs in evolutionary studies. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as an in vivo test tube and p53 proteins derived from human and five commonly used animal models were chosen as proof of concept. p53 is a highly conserved master regulator of environmental stress responses. Previous reports indicated conserved p53 DNA binding specificity in vitro, even for evolutionary distant species. We used isogenic yeast strains where p53-dependent transactivation was measured towards chromosomally integrated p53 response elements (REs). Ten REs were chosen to sample a wide range of DNA binding affinity and transactivation capacity for human p53 and proteins were expressed at two levels using an inducible expression system. We showed that the assay is amenable to study thermo-sensitivity of frog p53, and that chimeric constructs containing an ectopic transactivation domain could be rapidly developed to enhance the activity of proteins, such as fruit fly p53, that are poorly effective in engaging the yeast transcriptional machinery. Changes in the profile of relative transactivation towards the ten REs were measured for each p53 protein and compared to the profile obtained with human p53. These results, which are largely independent from relative p53 protein levels, revealed widespread evolutionary divergence of p53 transactivation specificity, even between human and mouse p53. Fruit fly and human p53 exhibited the largest discrimination among REs while zebrafish p53 was the least selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lion
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Ivan Raimondi
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Donati
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Olivier Jousson
- Laboratory of Microbial Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
- * E-mail:
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